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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): How has COVID-19 made SAD worse? Writer: Shanthi Deivanayagam

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Rural Inequities in Care: Reducing Stigma and Providing Access for All Writer: Chris Byron

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A Crucial Call for Change from the Coronavirus: Revamping the American Healthcare System to Address the Gaping Holes Exposed by COVID-19 Writer: Daleep Grewal

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From the Cockpit to the Operating Room: Combating Medical Error Through Crew Resource Management Writer: Jason Zhang

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Where the US Healthcare System Went Wrong Writer: Kimberly Hwang

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The (Not So) ‘Great Equalizer’: COVID-19’s Gendered Effects and Future Leadership Recommendations Writer: Maya Kovacevic

[1] Burki, Talha. “The Indirect Impact of COVID-19 on Women.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Elsevier, 29 July 2020, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S1473309920305685. [2] Chaney, Sarah, and Lauren Weber. “Coronavirus Employment Shock Hits Women Harder Than Men.” The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones & Company, 15 May 2020, www.wsj. com/articles/coronavirus-employment-shock-hits-women-harder-than-men-11589535002?mod=article_inline. [3] Delivered by women, led by men: A gender and equity analysis of the global health and social workforce. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019 (Human Resources for Health Observer Series No. 24). License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. [4] Huang, Peter H., Put More Women in Charge and Other Leadership Lessons from COVID-19 (June 15, 2020). U of Colorado Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 20-21, 15(3) Florida International University Law Review (2021), http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3604783 [5] Jolly, Shruti et al. “Gender differences in time spent on parenting and domestic responsibilities by high-achieving young physician-researchers.” Annals of internal medicine vol. 160,5 (2014): 344-53. doi:10.7326/M13-0974 [6] Langer, Ana, et al. “Women and Health: the Key for Sustainable Development.” The Lancet, vol. 386, no. 9999, 4 June 2015, pp. 1165–1210., doi:10.1016/s01406736(15)60497-4. [7] Li G, Miao J, Wang H, et al. “Psychological impact on women health workers involved in COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan: a cross-sectional study.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2020;91:895-897. [8] Live, Washington Post. “Coronavirus: Leadership During Crisis with Iceland Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 26 Oct. 2020, www.washingtonpost.com/washington-post-live/2020/10/20/coronavirus-leadership-during-crisis-with-iceland-prime-minister-katrn-jakobsdttir/. [9] Meagher K, Singh NS, Patel PThe role of gender inclusive leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic to support vulnerable populations in conflict settingsBMJ Global Health 2020;5:e003760. [10] Weber, Lauren. “Women’s Careers Could Take LongTerm Hit From Coronavirus Pandemic.” The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones & Company, 15 July 2020, www.wsj. com/articles/womens-careers-could-take-long-term-hitfrom-coronavirus-pandemic-11594814403.

Sweden’s Herd Immunity: Success or Failure? Writer: Gina Wiste

[1] Amundsen, B. (2020, October 27). Norwegian government: “The goal is to beat the coronavirus epidemic as much as possible.” Science Norway. https://sciencenorway.no/covid19-crisis-epidemic/very-low-mortality-ratefrom-coronavirus-in-norway-compared-to-other-countries/1661751 [2] Baker, S. (2020, August 14). Sweden’s GDP slumped 8.6% in Q2, more sharply than its neighbors despite its no-lockdown policy. Business Insider Nederland. https:// www.businessinsider.nl/coronavirus-sweden-gdp-falls8pc-in-q2-worse-nordic-neighbors-2020-8?international=true&r=US [3] BBC News. (2020, December 18). Covid-19 pandemic: Sweden reverses face mask guidelines for public transport. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55371102 [4] Bjorklund, K., & Ewing, A. (2020, October 14). The Swedish COVID-19 response is a Disaster. It shouldn’t be a model for the rest of the world. Time. https://time.com/5899432/ sweden-coronovirus-disaster/ [5] Claeson, M., & Hanson, S. (2021). COVID-19 and the Swedish enigma. The Lancet, 397(10271), 259–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32750-1 [6] Covid-19 i svenska skolor. (04/20/12/20). [Dataset]. https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1w7se6os3RVB716ljPmRuvwPEZsBqXd4v&ll=61.04403930711468,1 7.653563550000005&z=5 [7] Orlowski, E. J. W., & Goldsmith, D. J. A. (2020). Four months into the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden’s prized herd immunity is nowhere in sight. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 113(8), 292–298. https://doi. org/10.1177/0141076820945282 [8] Statista. (2020, December 17). Number of coronavirus tests per capita in the nordics as of december 2020. https:// www.statista.com/statistics/1108867/number-of-coronavirus-tests-per-capita-in-the-nordics/

Slow Websites and Stalled Phone Lines: The Hurdles for Older Adults Getting a COVID Vaccine Writer: Aidan Raikar

[1] COVID-19: First vaccine given in US as roll-out begins. (2020, December 14). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/ news/world-us-canada-55305720 [2] COVID-19 and your health. (2020, December 16). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc. gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations. html [3] Otterman, S. (2021, January 15). The maddening red tape facing older people who want the vaccine. The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/14/nyregion/ covid-vaccine-older-people-senior-citizens.html [4] Ottorman, S. (2021, February 9). N.Y.’s vaccine websites Weren’t working. He built a new one for $50. The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/09/nyregion/vaccine-website-appointment-nyc.html [5] Reader, G. (2021, January 30). Los Lunas fire department helps seniors register for COVID-19 vaccine. KOB 4. https://www.kob.com/albuquerque-news/los-lunas-fire-department-helps-seniors-register for-covid-19vaccine/5995440/ [6] Stone, W. (2021, February 4). ‘Just cruel’: Digital race for COVID-19 vaccines leaves many seniors behind. NPR.org. https://www.npr.org/sections/healthshots/2021/02/04/963758458/digital-race-for-covid 19-vaccines-leaves-many-seniors-behind

To Mammogram or Not To Mammogram? COVID-19 and Reassessing Preventative Care Writer: Lily Coll

[1] Bergmon, A. (2020, December 21). The Backlog in Mammograms During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics. https://ldi. upenn.edu/healthpolicysense/backlog-mammograms-during-covid-19-pandemic [2] Broster, A. (2021, January 5). A Drop In Mammograms During Coronavirus Could Have Serious Implications In Years To Come. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ alicebroster/2021/01/04/a-drop-in-mammograms-duringcoronavirus-could-have-serious-implications-in-years-tocome/?sh=2258ecb7b9c0 [3] Horn, D. M., & Haas, J. S. (2020). Covid-19 and the Mandate to Redefine Preventive Care. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(16), 1505–1507. https://doi.org/10.1056/ nejmp2018749 [4] Martin, K. D. K. (2021, February 12). The Impact of COVID-19 on the Use of Preventive Health Care. Health Care Cost Institute. https://healthcostinstitute.org/hcci-research/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-use-of-preventive-health-care [5] Smith, T. M. (2020, October 16). Preventive care: As pandemic stretches on, “no more time to wait.” American Medical Association. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/patient-support-advocacy/preventive-care-pandemic-stretches-no-more-time-wait [6] Will My Insurance Cover Telemedicine? (2020). Chiron Health. https://chironhealth.com/definitive-guide-to-telemedicine/telemedicine-info-patients/will-insurance-cover-telemedicine/

COVID-19’s mRNA Vaccines: How They Work and How They are Modernizing the Field of Vaccine Research Writer: Audrey Bochi-Layec

[1] CDC. (2020, November 24). Understanding and explaining mRNA covid-19 vaccines. Retrieved March 06, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/hcp/mrna-vaccine-basics.html [2] Cevik, M., Kuppalli, K., Kindrachuk, J., & Peiris, M. (2020). Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARSCoV-2. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 371, m3862. https://doi. org/10.1136/bmj.m3862 [3] Johns Hopkins University. (n.d.). COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved March 06, 2021, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

The Role of ZFHX4 in Regulating the Cancer Stem Cell State Writer: Ricky Illindala

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A Race Between COVID 19 Variants and Vaccines: How the Mutating Virus has Impacted Vaccination Efforts and Effectiveness Writer: Pooja Shah

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Breakthrough Wound Therapy: Magic? No, Maggots. Writer: Haleigh Pine

[1] Cazander, G., Jukema, G., & Nibbering, P. (2012). Complement Activation and Inhibition in Wound Healing. Clinical And Developmental Immunology, 2012, 1-14. doi: 10.1155/2012/534291 [2] Gabrielsen, P. (2012). How Maggots Heal Wounds. Retrieved 20 February 2021, from https://www.sciencemag. org/news/2012/12/how-maggots-heal-wounds [3] Medical Maggots™ (maggot therapy, maggot debridement therapy, MDT, biotherapy, biosurgery, biodebridement, larval therapy) | Monarch Labs - Advanced Wound BioSurgery. (2021). Retrieved 20 February 2021, from https://www.monarchlabs.com/mdt [4] Sherman, R. (2002). Maggot versus conservative debridement therapy for the treatment of pressure ulcers. Wound Repair And Regeneration, 10(4), 208-214. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.2002.10403.x [5] Sherman, R. (2009). Maggot Therapy Takes Us Back to the Future of Wound Care: New and Improved Maggot Therapy for the 21st Century. Journal Of Diabetes Science And Technology, 3(2), 336-344. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300215

The Golden Future of Cancer and Nanotechnology Writer: Rehan Mehta

[1] National Cancer Institute. (2020). Cancer Statistics. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/ statistics [2] Sztandera, K., Gorzkiewicz, M., & Klajnert-Maculewicz, B. (2019). Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 16(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1021/ acs.molpharmaceut.8b00810 [3] Huang, X., & El-Sayed, M. A. (2010). Gold nanoparticles: Optical properties and implementations in cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Journal of Advanced Research, 1(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jare.2010.02.002 [4] Suk, J. S., Xu, Q., Kim, N., Hanes, J., & Ensign, L. M. (2016). PEGylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 99(Pt A), 28–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. addr.2015.09.012 [5] Singh, P., Pandit, S., Mokkapati, V. R. S. S., Garg, A., Ravikumar, V., & Mijakovic, I. (2018). Gold Nanoparticles in Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Human Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(7). https://doi. org/10.3390/ijms19071979 [6] Rosenblum, D., Joshi, N., Tao, W., Karp, J. M., & Peer, D. (2018). Progress and challenges towards targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1410. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03705-y [7] Chen, Y.-H., Tsai, C.-Y., Huang, P.-Y., Chang, M.-Y., Cheng, P.-C., Chou, C.-H., Chen, D.-H., Wang, C.-R., Shiau, A.L., & Wu, C.-L. (2007). Methotrexate Conjugated to Gold Nanoparticles Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Syngeneic Lung Tumor Model. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 4(5), 713–722. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp060132k [8] Fan, M., Han, Y., Gao, S., Yan, H., Cao, L., Li, Z., Liang, X.-J., & Zhang, J. (2020). Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Theranostics, 10(11), 4944–4957. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.42471 [9] Guo, J., Rahme, K., He, Y., Li, L.-L., Holmes, J. D., & O’Driscoll, C. M. (2017). Gold nanoparticles enlighten the future of cancer theranostics. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 12, 6131–6152. https://doi.org/10.2147/ IJN.S140772 [10] O’Neal, D. P., Hirsch, L. R., Halas, N. J., Payne, J. D., & West, J. L. (2004). Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles. Cancer Letters, 209(2), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.02.004 [11] Rastinehad, A. R., Anastos, H., Wajswol, E., Winoker, J. S., Sfakianos, J. P., Doppalapudi, S. K., Carrick, M. R., Knauer, C. J., Taouli, B., Lewis, S. C., Tewari, A. K., Schwartz, J. A., Canfield, S. E., George, A. K., West, J. L., & Halas, N. J. (2019). Gold nanoshell-localized photothermal ablation of prostate tumors in a clinical pilot device study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(37), 18590–18596. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.1906929116

AI: Cutting Edge Technology Entering Healthcare? Writer: Jacob Oscherwitz

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The Negative Effects of Gender Bias in Health Care Writer: Lily Luu

[1] Billock, J. (2018, May 22). Pain bias: The health inequality rarely discussed. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/ future/article/20180518-the-inequality-in-how-womenare-treated-for-pain [2] Cedars Sinai. (2019). Examining Gender Bias in Medical Care. Retrieved from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/research/news/cedars-science/2019/examining-gender-bias-in-medical-care.html [3] Chen, E. H., Shofer, F. S., Dean, A. J., Hollander, J. E., Baxt, W. G., Robey, J. L., Sease, K. L., Mills, A. M. (2008, May). Gender disparity in analgesic treatment of emergency department patients with acute abdominal pain. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00100.x [4] Dusenbery, M. (2018, May 29). ‘Everybody was telling me there was nothing wrong.’ Retrieved from https://www. bbc.com/future/article/20180518-the-inequality-in-howwomen-are-treated-for-pain

[5] Hoffmann, D. E., Tarzian, A. J. (2003, Feb. 27). The Girl Who Cried Pain: A Bias Against Women in the Treatment of Pain. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ ssrn.383803 [6] Jefferson, T. (2019, Sept. 4). Exploring Gender Bias in Healthcare. Retrieved from https://medcitynews.com/?sponsored_content=exploring-gender-bias-in-healthcare&rf= [7] Legal-Explanations.com (2020, Feb. 12). Gender Bias. Retrieved from http://www.legal-explanations.com/definitions/gender-bias.html [8] Pagán, C. N. (2018, May 3). When Doctors Downplay Women’s Health Concerns. Retrieved from https://www. nytimes.com/2018/05/03/well/live/when-doctors-downplay-womens-health-concerns.html [9] Paulsen, E. (2020, Jan. 14). Recognizing, Addressing Unintended Gender Bias in Patient Care. Retrieved from https://physicians.dukehealth.org/articles/recognizing-addressing-unintended-gender-bias-patient-care [10] Robertson, J. (2014). Waiting Time at the Emergency Department from a Gender Equality Perspective. Retrieved from https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/39196/1/gupea_2077_39196_1.pdf [11] The Brain Tumor Charity. (2016). Finding Myself in Your Hands: The Reality of Brain Tumour Treatment and Care. Retrieved from https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/ about-us/our-publications/finding-myself/

COVID-19 Impact on Children and Adolescents Writer: Alexandra Dram

[1] American Psychological Association (2020, Sept. 22). Student mental health during and after COVID-19: How can schools identify youth who need support?. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/topics/covid-19/student-mental-health [2] Children’s Mental Health Ontario (2020). How the Pandemic Impacts Children’s Mental Health. Retrieved from https://cmho.org/how-the-pandemic-impacts-childensmental-health/ [3] de Figueiredo, C. S., Sandre, P. C., Portugal, L., Mázala-de-Oliveira, T., da Silva Chagas, L., Raony, Í., Ferreira, E. S., Giestal-de-Araujo, E., Dos Santos, A. A., Bomfim, P. O. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic impact on children and adolescents’ mental health: Biological, environmental, and social factors. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pnpbp.2020.110171 [4] Grey, M. (2021, Feb. 17). How the COVID-19 pandemic has affected children’s mental health. Retrieved from https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/medical/how-thecovid-19-pandemic-has-affected-children-e2-80-99smental-health/ar-BB1dJKab [5] Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., Linney, C., McManus, M. N., Borwick, C., Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jaac.2020.05.009 [6] Walker, T. (2018, Sept. 13). Are Schools Ready to Tackle the Mental Health Crisis?. Retrieved from https://www.nea. org/advocating-for-change/new-from-nea/are-schoolsready-tackle-mental-health-crisis