Hawaiian 2011-2012 LUNAR
Moku ‘Okana O Hilo • Moku O Keawe
C ALE NDAR
Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1400 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 phone: (808) 522-8220 Fax: (808) 522-8226 Email: info.wpcouncil@noaa.gov Web: www.wpcouncil.org
Produced by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council with funding support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (NOAA Award #FNA10NMF4410061) Š 2011, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council ISBN 1-934061-83-2
About This Calendar This Hawaiian lunar calendar features the work of the junior and senior high school students attending Ke Ana La‘ahana Public Charter School, located in the ahupua‘a of Honohononui, in the moku ‘okana (district) of Hilo, on the Moku O Keawe (island of Hawai‘i). These students are trained by kumu (teacher) and kia‘i loko (fishpond caretaker) Roxane Stewart to be kia‘i loko as part of their science curriculum at the Hale O Lono fishpond located across the street from their school grounds. As part of their kia‘i training during the 2010-2011 school year, students monitored the growth cycles of flora and fauna in addition to monitoring water quality at the fishpond. The data was analyzed to identify trends, correlations and significant events. Some of the findings from this yearlong study are shared here in this calendar according to the time of the year the event was observed. The students (now seniors) are continuing to monitor growth cycles while training the juniors to become the new kia‘i loko who will carry on the seniors’ kuleana (responsibility) once the they graduate. This 2011-2012 lunar calendar project was overseen by Kalei Nu‘uhiwa, the first master’s degree graduate of the University of Hawaii at Mānoa’s Kawaihuelani Center for Hawaiian Language. Kalei’s primary discipline is papahulilani, the study of all aspects of the atmosphere—its energies, cycles and isochronisms. The calendar was produced by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, with funding support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The Council was created by the US Congress
in 1976 to manage fisheries in federal waters (generally 3 to 200 miles offshore) in the US Pacific islands. The Council began working with communities in Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to produce traditional lunar calendars in 2006, as part of its shift from species-based to ecosystem-based management of fisheries. Through the ensuing years, the importance of managing natural resources at the moku level has surfaced, and the Council has become a strong supporter of the traditional Aha Moku process of management. This process provides an avenue for cultural and community consultation, adaptive management, education, generational knowledge and a code of conduct. This year’s calendar features observational sheets to encourage fishermen, students and others to reconnect with their environment through observation. It also promotes the use traditional place names that have fishing and resource management significance. The Council coordinator for this project was Sylvia Spalding, under the leadership of Kitty Simonds, executive director, and in consultation with Charles Ka‘ai‘ai, indigenous coordinator. The tide charts were produced from data provided at the NOAA Tide Predictions website at http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov.
Lonoikamakahiki November is the start of the Makahiki season and a new lunar year. The Makahiki season starts with the rising of the constellation Makali‘i (Pleiades) at a certain point of the horizon and ends in February. In these four months, a white lepa (flag) was erected to announce the start of the season. It is a time for rest and games. War was set aside; work was forbidden; and everything was at peace. The Makahiki was made in honor of Lonoikamakahiki, and each month required strict ceremony. At this time, taxes were collected from each family to provide for the ali‘i (royalty) and his kahuna (priests).
Who is Lono? Lono is one of four main deities. Lono is associated with peace, fertility, agriculture, rainfall and music. Lono is the uncle of Pele. Keawenuikekahi‘āli‘iokamoku and Lonoma‘aikanaka are the parents of Kalaninui‘īamamao, also known as Lonoikamakahiki. He was born 40 days after the equinox. Lono’s relationship to Hale O Lono Kalaninui‘īamamao was born at Laehala (which is northwest of Hale O Lono). He is the Lono for whom the Kumulipo (Hawaiian creation chant) was composed. When he was born, the Kumulipo was chanted to him. His father built him a pond where he could bathe and fish, which he named Hale O Lono. This makes Hale O Lono unlike other fishponds because of its purpose.
November-December 2011
N
6
Kūkahi
Sun 27 6
N
Kūlua
Mon 28 6
6
N
Tue 29 6
6
N
Kūpau
Kūkolu
December
Sat 26 6
Hoaka
Start of Hooilo (wet season)
November
Hilo
Welehu
Wed 30 6
6
N
6
‘Olekūkahi
Thu 1 6
N
‘Olekūlua
Fri 2 6
6
N
‘Olekūkolu
Sat 3 6
6
N
‘Olepau
Mon 5
Sun 4 6
6
N
6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Huna
Mohalu
Tue 6 6
N
Hua
Wed 7 6
6
N
Akua
Thu 8 6
6
N
Hoku
Fri 9 6
6
N
Māhealani
Sat 10 6
6
N
Kulu
Sun 11 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūkahi
Mon 12 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūlua
Tue 13 6
6
N
Lā‘aupau
Wed 14 6
6
N
Thu 15 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūkahi
‘Olekūlua
Fri 16 6
N
‘Olepau
Sat 17 6
6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Sun 18 6
6
N
‘Kāloakūlua
Mon 19 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Tue 20 6
6
N
Kāne
Wed 21 6
6
N
Lono
Thu 22 6
6
N
Mauli
Fri 23 6
6
N
Muku
Sun 25
Sat 24 6
6
N
6
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
November had the highest amount of rainfall at 10.28 inches, which is what we would expect because Lono is the deity of rainfall.
In October, the naupaka had an average of 113 flowers. In November, all of those flowers turned into seeds.
‘Ōlelo No‘eau Le‘a ke kau ‘ai
The time for food is pleasing. One can eat with pleasure—there are no wars, just peace.
N
6
Most Reef I‘a November and December are when we experience high surf that can affect the stability of the outer rock wall. These waves can loosen the rocks, and the wall can become unstable. The diet of āholehole primarily consists of algae and tiny crustaceans. Manini only feed on algae. Both fish spend most of their day grazing on the rocks. We’ve seen a significant increase in the overall number and the variety of reef fish in our big pond over the past two years.
December 2011-January 2012 Hoaka
Mon 26 6
N
Kūkahi
Tue 27 6
6
N
Kūlua
Wed 28 6
6
N
Thu 29 6
6
N
Kūpau
Kūkolu
Fri 30 6
6
N
Sat 31 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
January
December
Hilo
Makali‘i
6
‘Olekūlua
Sun 1 6
N
‘Olekūkolu
Mon 2 6
6
N
‘Olepau
Tue 3 6
6
N
Wed 4 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
6
Huna
Mohalu
Hua
Akua
Hoku
Māhealani
Kulu
Lā‘aukūkahi
Lā‘aukūlua
Lā‘aupau
Thu 5
Fri 6
Sat 7
Sun 8
Mon 9
Tue 10
Wed 11
Thu 12
Fri 13
Sat 14
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūkahi
‘Olekūlua
Sun 15 6
N
‘Olepau
Mon 16 6
6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Tue 17 6
6
N
‘Kāloakūlua
Wed 18 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Thu 19 6
6
N
Kāne
Fri 20 6
6
N
Lono
Sat 21 6
6
N
Mauli
Sun 22 6
6
N
Muku
Mon 23 6
6
N
Tue 24 6
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
December had the highest number of mullet pua (fry) and pua ‘ama (fingerling).
During the winter months when there is snow on Mauna Kea, our water is very cold because the freshwater springs are fed by water coming directly from the mountain.
‘Ōlelo No‘eau Kapeku ka leo ke kai, ‘o Ho‘oilo ka malama.
When the voice of the sea is harsh, the winter months have come. —First uttered by Hi‘iaka
N
6
Hapawai • This month had the most amount of babies observed. • In general, the spawning season for hapawai is from November to January.
‘Ōpae • Baby ‘ōpae were most abundant. • Possible spawning occurred in November.
‘A‘ama • The least amount of ‘a‘ama were recorded. • A large amount of baby ‘a‘ama was observed
Mullet • This period had the most amount of kahaha (hand size) schools
Kā‘elo
January-February 2012 Hoaka
Wed 25 6
Kūkahi
Thu 26 6
N
6
N
Kūlua
Fri 27 6
6
N
Sat 28 6
6
N
Kūpau
Kūkolu
Sun 29 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Mon 30 6
6
N
Tue 31 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
February
January
Hilo
6
‘Olekūkolu
Wed 1 6
N
‘Olepau
Thu 2 6
6
N
Fri 3 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Huna
Mohalu
Sat 4 6
Hua
Sun 5 6
N
6
N
Akua
Mon 6 6
6
N
Hoku
Tue 6 6
6
N
Māhealani
Wed 8 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūkahi
Thu 9 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūlua
Fri 10 6
6
N
Sat 11 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Lā‘aupau
Sun 12 6
6
N
Mon 13 6
6
N
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūlua
‘Olepau
Tue 14 6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Wed 15 6
6
N
Kāloakūlua
Thu 16 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Fri 17 6
6
N
Kāne
Sat 18 6
6
N
Lono
Sun 19 6
6
N
Mauli
Mon 20 6
6
N
Muku
Tue 21 6
6
N
Wed 22 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
The eggs of the hapawai are white.
The black ‘a‘ama can only be found in Hawai‘i.
‘Ōlelo No‘eau ‘A’ohe lolena i ka wai ‘ōpae.
There must be no slackness when one gathers shrimp in time of a freshet. Let there be no slackers when there is work to be done. Lazy people don’t get anywhere.
6
Tsunami of February 27, 2010 The tsunami was generated from Chile’s magnitude 8.8 earthquake. Hale O Lono’s outer pā broke in four places. Water continued to inundate and recede long after the “all clear” was given. It took three months to clean Hale O Lono of all the debris and mud brought in by the tsunami. The sluice gates leading to the inner ponds were destroyed. Much of our mullet stock was lost. Hale O Lono became susceptible to predator and invasive species such as kākū, puhi, ‘ōmilu, mangroves and new limu species. It’s taken over a year for the ecosystem to recover and stabilize.
February-March 2012 Hoaka
Thu 23 6
N
Kūkahi
Fri 24 6
6
N
Kūlua
Sat 25 6
6
N
Sun 26 6
6
N
Kūpau
Kūkolu
Mon 27 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Tue 28 6
6
N
Wed 29 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
March
February
Hilo
Kaulua 6
‘Olekūkolu
Thu 1 6
N
‘Olepau
Fri 2 6
6
N
Sat 3 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Huna
Mohalu
Sun 4 6
N
Hua
Mon 5 6
6
N
Akua
Tue 6 6
6
N
Hoku
Wed 7 6
6
N
Māhealani
Thu 8 6
6
N
Kulu
Fri 9 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūkahi
Sat 10 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūlua
Sun 11 6
6
N
Lā‘aupau
Mon 12 6
6
N
Tue 13 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūkahi
‘Olekūlua
Wed 14 6
N
‘Olepau
Thu 15 6
6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Fri 16 6
6
N
‘Kāloakūlua
Sat 17 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Sun 18 6
6
N
Kāne
Mon 19 6
6
N
Lono
Tue 20 6
6
N
Mauli
Wed 21 6
6
N
Muku
Fri 23
Thu 22 6
6
N
6
6
N
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
Predators Puhi: Puhi is one of the predator species of Hale O Lono. Puhi at Hale O Lono feed on crustaceans and small fish.
Kākū (Barracuda): The kākū feed on mullet in Hale O Lono. The kākū at Hale O Lono have been as large as 4 feet.
‘Ōlelo No‘eau Ai puhi i ke kai pi‘i.
When the tide comes up it’s time to eat puhi.
6
Tsunami of March 11, 2011 Hale O Lono had just recovered from extensive damage sustained in the February 2010 tsunami. A tsunami was generated on March 11, 2011, from an earthquake in Japan reaching a magnitude of 9.0. The outer pÄ of Hale O Lono was broken in two places. The interior of all Hale O Lono’s inner ponds were untouched. Water continued to fluctuate throughout the day, though not as significantly as it did during the 2010 tsunami event.
March-April 2012 Hoaka
Sat 24 6
Kukahi
Sun 25 6
N
6
N
Kulua
Mon 26 6
6
N
Tue 27 6
6
N
Kupau
Kukolu
Wed 28 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Thu 29 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
Fri 30 6
6
N
Sat 31 6
6
N
6
Olepau
‘Olekūkolu
April
March
Hilo
Nana Sun 1 6
N
Mon 2 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
6
Huna
Mohalu
Hua
Akua
Hoku
Māhealani
Lā‘aukūkahi
Lā‘aukūlua
Lā‘aupau
‘Olekūkahi
Tue 3
Wed 4
Thu 5
Fri 6
Sat 7
Sun 8
Mon 9
Tue 10
Wed 11
Thu 12
6
N
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūlua
‘Olepau
Fri 13 6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Sat 14 6
6
N
Kāloakūlua
Sun 15 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Mon 16 6
6
N
Kāne
Tue 17 6
6
N
Lono
Wed 18 6
6
N
Mauli
Thu 19 6
6
N
Muku
Fri 20 6
6
N
Sat 21 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
We noticed after the recent tsunami that new laukahi started to sprout all over our walking pathway.
The outer pā (rock wall) is still in the process of being stabilized so rocks are all pa‘a.
‘Ōlelo No‘eau Iliki ke kai i ka ‘ope’ope la, lilo; i lilo no he hawawa. The sea snatches the bundle and it is gone; it goes when one isn’t watchful. A person who fails to watch out often loses.
Pō Mahina Correlations The moons have great significance to Hawaiians. We found several plant and animal moon correlations.
Kamali‘i ‘ike ‘ole i ka helu pō: Muku nei, Muku ka malama; Hilo nei, kau ka Hoaka
Whenever we did our surveys and found the ‘ū‘ū to be most abundant, we had full moons prior to the survey date.
Children who do not know the moon phases: Muku is here, Muku the moon; Hilo comes next, then Hoaka
Milo and false kamani seeds and naupaka flowers at Hale O Lono are most abundant during full moons.
The first part of a child’s chant for learning the moon phases. Also said of one who does not know the answer to a question or is ignorant. He is compared to a small child who has not learned their moon phases.
Our mullet spawn during the full moon. Mullet fry (babies) are most abundant during full moons.
April
Hoaka
Sun 22 N
Kūkahi
Mon 23 6
6
Tue 24 6
N
Kūlua
6
N
Wed 25 6
6
N
Kūpau
Kūkolu
Thu 26 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Fri 27 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
Sat 28 6
6
N
‘Olekūkolu
Sun 29 6
6
N
Mon 30 6
6
N
‘Olepau
May
April -May 2012
Hilo
6
Welo 6
Tue 1 6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
6
Huna
Mohalu
Hua
Akua
Hoku
Māhealani
Kulu
Lā‘aukūkahi
Lā‘aukūlua
Lā‘aupau
Wed 2
Thu 3
Fri 4
Sat 5
Sun 6
Mon 7
Tue 8
Wed 9
Thu 10
Fri 11
N
6
6
6
N
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūkahi
‘Olekūlua
Sat 12 6
N
‘Olepau
Sun 13 6
6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Mon 14 6
6
N
‘Kāloakūlua
Tue 15 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Wed 16 6
6
N
Kāne
Thu 17 6
6
N
Lono
Fri 18 6
6
N
Mauli
Sat 19 6
6
N
Muku
Sun 20 6
6
N
Mon 21 6
6
N
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
No predator fish were seen during this month.
‘Ū‘ū spawn during the full moons.
The waxing moons are associated with the deity Hinahānaiakamalama. The waning moons are associated with the deity Hina‘aikamalama.
On the moons that start with “‘Ole,” fishing activities should not be conducted because they will be unsuccessful.
6
Parallel Forms Parallel forms are any links that we found between growth events that happened on the land and the sea. Our ancestors discovered parallel forms through much observation of the marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Parallel Form # 1 In September the highest number of mullet and the most laua‘e spores were observed. Laua‘e and mullet both need a lot of water to survive. Mullet prefer areas that are rocky and shady. Laua‘e also prefer shady areas (which is why they have been known to thrive in forest environments), and they can grow on rocks, trees or soil. At Hale O Lono we see all three types of substrates. We have this type of environment with rocks and shade for mullet and shade and lots of moisture for the laua‘e. Parallel form # 2 In September there was the highest numbers of fingerling size (pua) mullet and naupaka flowers. Naupaka kahakai prefer areas with salt spray near the coastline. Mullet spawning season can start as early as September or early October but can also be triggered by cooler water temperatures.
May-June 2012 Hoaka
Start of Kau (hot season)
May
Hilo
Tue 22 6
Ikiiki
6
N
Kukahi
Wed 23 6
N
Thu 24 6
6
N
Kukolu
Kulua
Fri 25 6
6
N
Sat 26 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Kupau
Sun 27 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
Mon 28 6
6
N
‘Olekūkolu
Tue 29 6
6
N
Olepau
Wed 30 6
6
N
Thu 31 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
June
Huna
Mohalu
Fri 1 6
Hua
Sat 2 6
N
6
N
Akua
Sun 3 6
6
N
Hoku
Mon 4 6
6
N
Māhealani
Tue 5 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūkahi
Wed 6 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūlua
Thu 7 6
6
N
Fri 8 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Lā‘aupau
Sat 9 6
6
N
Sun 10 6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūlua
‘Olepau
Mon 11 6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Tue 12 6
6
N
Kāloakūlua
Wed 13 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Thu 14 6
6
N
Kāne
Fri 15 6
6
N
Lono
Sat 16 6
6
N
Mauli
Sun 17 6
6
N
Muku
Mon 18 6
6
N
Tue 19 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
Do we plan to continue and further study these findings?
‘Ōlelo No‘eau
Yes we do. We will continue our study this year to try and confirm last year’s findings and to identify new trends, cycles and correlations while honing our own observation and analysis skills.
Pua ke ko, ku ka he‘e.
When the sugar cane tassels, the octopus season is here.
6
N
6
Kia‘i Loko
Protocol
As a kia‘i of Hale O Lono (which operates under the konohiki system), it is our responsibility to understand everything about how a loko i‘a works. Being able to conduct protocol, maintain the fishpond, and know all the organisms at the pond are also necessities as a kia’i.
Why We Do Protocol • To honor and ho‘omana Hale O Lono and our elemental deities • To set and keep our focus for the day • To protect and guide us throughout the day Responsibilities of a Kia‘i Loko • Maintenance • Management • Production • Harvesting • Protection of the fishpond • Carrying out specific tasks given by the konohiki • Reporting to the head kia`i and the konohiki Konohiki versus Kia‘i • The konohiki is higher (in rank) than a kia‘i. • The konohiki makes sure the pond is taken care of. • The konohiki is an overseer of the pond, makes major decisions and sets the kapu. • The kia‘i helps to manage the pond on a day to day basis.
Maintenance
• Clean mākāhā so the water flows freely in and out of the pond. • Weed pā and banks to keep pond structure strong by removing
weeds that can cause the wall to weaken and collapse.
• Remove algal blooms as they absorb the nutrients in the water that the fish need.
Monitoring Surveys
• Monitor the levels of various water parameters to give further insight
into factors that may affect the health of our fish.
• Survey flora and fauna weekly and monthly to observe, analyze and
document the growth cycles of our species.
June -July 2012
June
Hilo
Hoaka
Wed 20 6
Ka‘aona
Thu 21 6
N
Kūkahi
6
Fri 22 6
N
Kūlua
6
N
Sat 23 6
6
N
Kūpau
Kūkolu
Sun 24 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Mon 25 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
Tue 26 6
6
N
‘Olekūkolu
Wed 27 6
6
Thu 28 6
N
‘Olepau
6
N
Fri 29 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Mohalu
July
Huna
Sat 30 6
N
6
Hua
Sun 1 6
Mon 2 6
N
Akua
6
N
Hoku
Tue 3 6
6
N
Māhealani
Wed 4 6
6
N
Kulu
Thu 5 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūkahi
Fri 6 6
6
N
Lā‘aukūlua
Sat 7 6
6
Sun 8 6
N
Lā‘aupau
6
N
Mon 9 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūkahi
‘Olekūlua
Tue 10 6
N
‘Olepau
Wed 11 6
6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Thu 12 6
6
N
‘Kāloakūlua
Fri 13 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Sat 14 6
6
N
Kāne
Sun 15 6
6
N
Lono
Mon 16 6
6
N
Mauli
Tue 17 6
6
N
Muku
Wed 18 6
6
N
Thu 19 6
6
N
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
Flora surveys were conducted to monitor native and non-native plant growth and to strengthen our observation skills in the environment.
Fauna surveys were conducted to monitor fish abundance (most importantly, mullet) so we have an idea of when they’re spawning.
Water quality was conducted to monitor the levels of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and other parameters.
‘Ōlelo No‘eau He ali‘i ka ‘āina; he kauwā ke kanaka.
The land is the chief; man is its servant. Land has no need for man; but man needs the land and works it for a livelihood.
6
Negative Man-Made Impacts During our years at Hale O Lono, we’ve observed several negative manmade impacts that directly affect the overall health of this ecosystem. Poaching: When the pond is raided by people with nets and poles, it takes away from Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation (EKF) for its ceremonial fish use and the students for their educational use. We rely solely on our brood stock to sustain our fish populations. Harvests are halted when specific fish are taken out and the balance of fish in the pond is off. Just because you see the fish, that doesn’t mean you can take them. Please observe and respect the posted signs. Littering: Whenever you don’t dispose of your trash properly it becomes hazardous to the organisms and the caretakers at Hale O Lono. Whenever you’re near the shoreline, throw your rubbish away properly. Your trash could potentially end up in our pond. Trespassing: Liability of the trespasser is put onto EKF as the land manager, and, if something were to happen to the trespasser, EKF would be held responsible. If you’re caught inside of the pond without authorization, you can be arrested for trespassing. If you see someone in the pond who doesn’t look like he/she belongs there, please take down an accurate description of the person and/or his/her vehicle and report it to the Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation at (808) 961-5242.
July-August 2012
July
Hilo
Hoaka
Fri 20 6
Hinaia‘ele‘ele
Kūkahi
Sat 21 6
N
6
N
Kūlua
Sun 22 6
6
N
Mon 23 6
6
N
Kūpau
Kūkolu
Tue 24 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Wed 25 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
Thu 26 6
6
N
‘Olekūkolu
Fri 27 6
6
N
‘Olepau
Sat 28 6
6
N
Sun 29 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0
6
Huna
Mohalu
Mon 30
Tue 31
N
6
6
N
August
-1
6
6
Hua
Akua
Hoku
Māhealani
Kulu
Lā‘aukūkahi
Lā‘aukūlua
Lā‘aupau
Wed 1
Thu 2
Fri 3
Sat 4
Sun 5
Mon 6
Tue 7
Wed 8
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūkahi
‘Olekūlua
Thu 9 6
N
‘Olepau
Fri 10 6
6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Sat 11 6
6
N
‘Kāloakūlua
Sun 12 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Mon 13 6
6
N
Kāne
Tue 14 6
6
N
Lono
Wed 15 6
6
N
Mauli
Thu 16 6
6
N
Muku
Fri 17 6
6
N
Sat 18 6
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
Kapu means sacred. Hale O Lono is sacred and has great significance to the Hawaiian culture and to the Keaukaha shoreline. It should be respected and treated as such.
‘Ōlelo No‘eau Pupuhi ka i’a o Uko’a
The fish of Uko‘a is gone Uko‘a is a famous pond in Waialua, O‘ahu. Said of one who takes flight or of something quickly and secretly taken.
6
N
6
Fauna at Hale O Lono At Hale O Lono, we have several types of fish. As kia‘i, we know from our observations that fish have unique behaviors and some even have unique personalities. By observing behavior, we can learn a lot about an organism and about how that organism interacts with other organisms in the ecosystem. ‘Ama‘ama (Striped Mullet) At Hale O Lono, larger mullet will actually pull the limu down and shake it. The smaller fish will come around and eat all the remnants that fall off. Our mullet are usually very active and can be seen flashing and jumping around and out of the pond. ‘Auku‘u (Black Crowned Night Heron) We have an old tent frame that the ‘auku‘u will sit on to look over the pond and observe the fish swimming below. It will slowly climb down the pole (to avoid any fast and obvious movements), then go near the water and stand still like a statue before going in for the attack. ‘O‘opu (Brackish Water Goby) ‘O‘opu normally feed and stay on the bottom of the pond. At Hale O Lono, they will come and grab the limu on the top. ‘O‘opu will not only feed on the top but also swim near the surface. They are not very curious about things surrounding them. They are easily scared and can swim super fast. If you’re not observing well enough, you won’t see the `o`opu; you will just see the small sediment cloud they left behind when they moved.
August-September 2012
August
Hilo
Hoaka
Sun 19 6
Hilinaehu
Kukahi
Mon 20 6
N
6
N
Kulua
Tue 21 6
6
N
Wed 22 6
6
N
Kupau
Kukolu
Thu 23 6
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Fri 24 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
Sat 25 6
6
N
Sun 26 6
6
N
Olepau
‘Olekūkolu
Mon 27 6
6
N
Tue 28 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0
6
Huna
Mohalu
Hua
Wed 29
Thu 30
Fri 31
6
N
6
N
6
6
N
September
-1
6
6
Akua
Hoku
Māhealani
Lā‘aukūkahi
Lā‘aukūlua
Lā‘aupau
‘Olekūkahi
Sat 1
Sun 2
Mon 3
Tue 4
Wed 5
Thu 6
Fri 7
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūlua
‘Olepau
Kāloakūkahi
Kāloakūlua
Kāloapau
Kāne
Lono
Mauli
Muku
Sat 8
Sun 9
Mon 10
Tue 11
Wed 12
Thu 13
Fri 14
Sat 15
Sun 16
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
Ko’a
Other Fish at Hale O Lono
Fish at Hale O Lono tend to gather in certain areas. We have three main ko’a at Hale O Lono spread throughout the big pond.
Aholehole Manini
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
Flora at Hale O Lono Here’s what’s unique about how some of our plants are growing at Hale O Lono. The aerial roots of the hala can be seen growing partially on land and partially in water. Laukahi in some areas can get fully submerged underwater during high tide but continue to grow with no damage to the plant. A difference we do see is the submerged laukahi stem is red. Normally you’d see trees growing separately, but at Hale O Lono the milo and hala trees grow together in a number of locations around the pond. Milo keiki grow around our small pond within the laua‘e patches. One of the niu trees had a green coconut that stayed on that tree the entire school year and didn’t fall until summer. This niu tree only produces green coconuts.
September-October 2012
September
Hilo
Hoaka
Mon 17 6
Hilinamā
Tue 18 6
N
Kūkahi
6
Wed 19 6
N
Kūlua
6
N
Thu 20 6
6
Kūpau
Kūkolu
Fri 21 6
N
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Sat 22 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
Sun 23 6
6
Mon 24 6
N
‘Olekūkolu
6
N
‘Olepau
Tue 25 6
6
N
Wed 26 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0
6
Huna
Mohalu
Hua
Akua
Thu 27
Fri 28
Sat 29
Sun 30
N
6
6
6
N
6
N
6
6
October
-1
6
N
Hoku
Māhealani
Kulu
Lā‘aukūkahi
Lā‘aukūlua
Lā‘aupau
Mon 1
Tue 2
Wed 3
Thu 4
Fri 5
Sat 6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
6
N
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūkahi
‘Olekūlua
Sun 7 6
N
‘Olepau
Mon 8 6
6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Tue 9 6
6
N
‘Kāloakūlua
Wed 10 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Thu 11 6
6
N
Kāne
Fri 12 6
6
N
Lono
Sat 13 6
6
N
Mauli
Sun 14 6
6
N
Mon 15 6
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
We use the naupaka leaves to de-fog our goggles when we snorkel.
The hala keys can be used to make lei to mark the passing of a loved one.
Muku
Last year, we cut back some of the laua‘e patches and monitored the re-growth. After three months they grew back healthier, greener and fuller.
6
N
Tue 16 6
6
N
6
Spawning Hapawai
‘Ōpae Huna
White egg capsules
Eggs carried until ready to hatch ~1month
Hatch Larvae drift to big pond as marine plankton 1 year Return to inner ponds Spawning Lay eggs on rocks
Swim upside down for 1 week Post Larvae (6 weeks) Juvenile ½ size adult Adult Molt Spawning
Striped Mullet
‘O‘opu Nākea
Eggs
Lay eggs on bottom substrate
Hatch in 48 hrs Pua (Fry)
Hatch in 48 hours
Pua‘ama (Fingerling)
Post-larvae taken out to big pond
Kahaha (palm length)
Juvenile
‘Ama‘ama (8 inches & under)
Adult
‘Anae (adult 12 inches)
Spawning
Spawning
As kia‘i of Hale O Lono we need to be familiar with the birth cycles of the fish in our pond. It is important to know when certain fish are most abundant, to better understand how the pond’s ecosystem works. We also need to know what kinds of marine life are in the pond (other than the main stock of mullet) and what their birthing cycles are.
October
Hilo
October-November 2012 Hoaka
Wed 17 6
‘Ikuā
N
Kūkahi
Thu 18 6
6
Fri 19 6
N
Kūlua
6
N
Sat 20 6
6
Sun 21 6
N
Kūpau
Kūkolu
6
N
‘Olekūkahi
Mon 22 6
6
N
‘Olekūlua
Tue 23 6
6
N
‘Olekūkolu
Wed 24 6
6
N
‘Olepau
Thu 25 6
6
N
Fri 26 6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
6
Mohalu
Hua
Akua
Hoku
Sat 27
Sun 28
Mon 29
Tue 30
Wed 31
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
Māhealani
Kulu
Lā‘aukūkahi
Lā‘aukūlua
Lā‘aupau
Thu 1
Fri 2
Sat 3
Sun 4
Mon 5
November
Huna
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
6
N
6
3 2 1 0 -1
‘Olekūkahi
‘Olekūlua
Tue 6 6
N
‘Olepau
Wed 7 6
6
N
Kāloakūkahi
Thu 8 6
6
N
‘Kāloakūlua
Fri 9 6
6
N
Kāloapau
Sat 10 6
6
N
Kāne
Sun 11 6
6
N
Lono
Mon 12 6
6
N
Mauli
Tue 13 6
6
N
Muku
Wed 14 6
6
N
Thu 15 6
6
N
3 2 1 0 -1
Highlights
Agitated water can trigger mature ‘ōpae eggs to hatch.
Mullet is our main stock; they are normally harvested twice a year (depending on abundance) for ceremonial use.
The name hapawai means “half-fresh water,” referring to its brackish water environment.
Ōlelo No‘eau Ka i`a mili i ka poho o ka lima.
The fish fondled by the palm of the hand. When `o`opu were in season, they would spawn in such great numbers that they could be scooped up in the palm of the hand.
6
He Wahi Mahalo! Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation, Kia`i Roxane Kapuaimohalaikalani Stewart, Konohiki Kala Mossman and Kalei Nu‘uhiwa
Ke Ana La`ahana Public Charter School junior and senior high school students (l-r) Kieran Rosas, Roice Gariando, Bryson SakaiSoto, Ruth Evans, Hinaikamalama Joaquin, Mokihana Lee-Ubedei, Kalei Wela and Ka`imipono Crivello
ISBN Photo1-934061-83-2 Credits: Na Kia‘i o Hale O Lono Papaku Makawalu ISBN 1-934061-83-2
For more information on the perpetuation of the kia‘i loko practice at Hale O Lono, please contact the Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation at (808) 961-5242. For more information on the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, visit www.wpcouncil.org. If your community is interested in working with the Council on a traditional lunar calendar for your moku, please contact the Council at info.wpcouncil@noaa.gov and visit www.ahamoku.org.