2011-2012 Hawaiian Lunar Calendar

Hawaiian 2011-2012 LUNAR

Moku ‘Okana O Hilo • Moku O Keawe

C ALE NDAR

Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 1400 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 phone: (808) 522-8220 Fax: (808) 522-8226 Email: info.wpcouncil@noaa.gov Web: www.wpcouncil.org

Produced by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council with funding support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (NOAA Award #FNA10NMF4410061) Š 2011, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council ISBN 1-934061-83-2

About This Calendar This Hawaiian lunar calendar features the work of the junior and senior high school students attending Ke Ana La‘ahana Public Charter School, located in the ahupua‘a of Honohononui, in the moku ‘okana (district) of Hilo, on the Moku O Keawe (island of Hawai‘i). These students are trained by kumu (teacher) and kia‘i loko (fishpond caretaker) Roxane Stewart to be kia‘i loko as part of their science curriculum at the Hale O Lono fishpond located across the street from their school grounds.

As part of their kia‘i training during the 2010-2011 school year, students monitored the growth cycles of flora and fauna in addition to monitoring water quality at the fishpond. The data was analyzed to identify trends, correlations and significant events. Some of the findings from this yearlong study are shared here in this calendar according to the time of the year the event was observed. The students (now seniors) are continuing to monitor growth cycles while training the juniors to become the new kia‘i loko who will carry on the seniors’ kuleana (responsibility) once the they graduate.

This 2011-2012 lunar calendar project was overseen by Kalei Nu‘uhiwa, the first master’s degree graduate of the University of Hawaii at Mānoa’s Kawaihuelani Center for Hawaiian Language. Kalei’s primary discipline is papahulilani, the study of all aspects of the atmosphere—its energies, cycles and isochronisms.

The calendar was produced by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, with funding support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. The Council was created by the US Congress

in 1976 to manage fisheries in federal waters (generally 3 to 200 miles offshore) in the US Pacific islands. The Council began working with communities in Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to produce traditional lunar calendars in 2006, as part of its shift from species-based to ecosystem-based management of fisheries. Through the ensuing years, the importance of managing natural resources at the moku level has surfaced, and the Council has become a strong supporter of the traditional Aha Moku process of management.

This process provides an avenue for cultural and community consultation, adaptive management, education, generational knowledge and a code of conduct.

This year’s calendar features observational sheets to encourage fishermen, students and others to reconnect with their environment through observation. It also promotes the use traditional place names that have fishing and resource management significance.

The Council coordinator for this project was Sylvia Spalding, under the leadership of Kitty Simonds, executive director, and in consultation with Charles Ka‘ai‘ai, indigenous coordinator. The tide charts were produced from data provided at the NOAA Tide Predictions website at http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov.

Lonoikamakahiki November is the start of the Makahiki season and a new lunar year. The Makahiki season starts with the rising of the constellation Makali‘i (Pleiades) at a certain point of the horizon and ends in February. In these four months, a white lepa (flag) was erected to announce the start of the season. It is a time for rest and games. War was set aside; work was forbidden; and everything was at peace. The Makahiki was made in honor of Lonoikamakahiki, and each month required strict ceremony.

At this time, taxes were collected from each family to provide for the ali‘i (royalty) and his kahuna (priests).

Who is Lono?

Lono is one of four main deities. Lono is associated with peace, fertility, agriculture, rainfall and music. Lono is the uncle of Pele.

Keawenuikekahi‘āli‘iokamoku and Lonoma‘aikanaka are the parents of Kalaninui‘īamamao, also known as Lonoikamakahiki. He was born 40 days after the equinox.

Lono’s relationship to Hale O Lono Kalaninui‘īamamao was born at Laehala (which is northwest of Hale O Lono).

He is the Lono for whom the Kumulipo (Hawaiian creation chant) was composed. When he was born, the Kumulipo was chanted to him. His father built him a pond where he could bathe and fish, which he named Hale O Lono.

This makes Hale O Lono unlike other fishponds because of its purpose.

November-December 2011

N

6

Kūkahi

Sun 27 6

N

Kūlua

Mon 28 6

6

N

Tue 29 6

6

N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

December

Sat 26 6

Hoaka

Start of Hooilo (wet season)

November

Hilo

Welehu

Wed 30 6

6

N

6

‘Olekūkahi

Thu 1 6

N

‘Olekūlua

Fri 2 6

6

N

‘Olekūkolu

Sat 3 6

6

N

‘Olepau

Mon 5

Sun 4 6

6

N

6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

Mohalu

Tue 6 6

N

Hua

Wed 7 6

6

N

Akua

Thu 8 6

6

N

Hoku

Fri 9 6

6

N

Māhealani

Sat 10 6

6

N

Kulu

Sun 11 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūkahi

Mon 12 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūlua

Tue 13 6

6

N

Lā‘aupau

Wed 14 6

6

N

Thu 15 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

‘Olekūlua

Fri 16 6

N

‘Olepau

Sat 17 6

6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Sun 18 6

6

N

‘Kāloakūlua

Mon 19 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Tue 20 6

6

N

Kāne

Wed 21 6

6

N

Lono

Thu 22 6

6

N

Mauli

Fri 23 6

6

N

Muku

Sun 25

Sat 24 6

6

N

6

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

November had the highest amount of rainfall at 10.28 inches, which is what we would expect because Lono is the deity of rainfall.

In October, the naupaka had an average of 113 flowers. In November, all of those flowers turned into seeds.

‘Ōlelo No‘eau Le‘a ke kau ‘ai

The time for food is pleasing.

One can eat with pleasure—there are no wars, just peace.

N

6

Most Reef I‘a November and December are when we experience high surf that can affect the stability of the outer rock wall. These waves can loosen the rocks, and the wall can become unstable.

The diet of āholehole primarily consists of algae and tiny crustaceans. Manini only feed on algae. Both fish spend most of their day grazing on the rocks.

We’ve seen a significant increase in the overall number and the variety of reef fish in our big pond over the past two years.

December 2011-January 2012 Hoaka

Mon 26 6

N

Kūkahi

Tue 27 6

6

N

Kūlua

Wed 28 6

6

N

Thu 29 6

6

N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

Fri 30 6

6

N

Sat 31 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

January

December

Hilo

Makali‘i

6

‘Olekūlua

Sun 1 6

N

‘Olekūkolu

Mon 2 6

6

N

‘Olepau

Tue 3 6

6

N

Wed 4 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

6

Huna

Mohalu

Hua

Akua

Hoku

Māhealani

Kulu

Lā‘aukūkahi

Lā‘aukūlua

Lā‘aupau

Thu 5

Fri 6

Sat 7

Sun 8

Mon 9

Tue 10

Wed 11

Thu 12

Fri 13

Sat 14

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

‘Olekūlua

Sun 15 6

N

‘Olepau

Mon 16 6

6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Tue 17 6

6

N

‘Kāloakūlua

Wed 18 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Thu 19 6

6

N

Kāne

Fri 20 6

6

N

Lono

Sat 21 6

6

N

Mauli

Sun 22 6

6

N

Muku

Mon 23 6

6

N

Tue 24 6

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

December had the highest number of mullet pua (fry) and pua ‘ama (fingerling).

During the winter months when there is snow on Mauna Kea, our water is very cold because the freshwater springs are fed by water coming directly from the mountain.

‘Ōlelo No‘eau Kapeku ka leo ke kai, ‘o Ho‘oilo ka malama.

When the voice of the sea is harsh, the winter months have come.

—First uttered by Hi‘iaka

N

6

Hapawai • This month had the most amount of babies observed.

• In general, the spawning season for hapawai is from November to January.

‘Ōpae • Baby ‘ōpae were most abundant.

• Possible spawning occurred in November.

‘A‘ama • The least amount of ‘a‘ama were recorded.

• A large amount of baby ‘a‘ama was observed

Mullet • This period had the most amount of kahaha (hand size) schools

Kā‘elo

January-February 2012 Hoaka

Wed 25 6

Kūkahi

Thu 26 6

N

6

N

Kūlua

Fri 27 6

6

N

Sat 28 6

6

N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

Sun 29 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Mon 30 6

6

N

Tue 31 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

February

January

Hilo

6

‘Olekūkolu

Wed 1 6

N

‘Olepau

Thu 2 6

6

N

Fri 3 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

Mohalu

Sat 4 6

Hua

Sun 5 6

N

6

N

Akua

Mon 6 6

6

N

Hoku

Tue 6 6

6

N

Māhealani

Wed 8 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūkahi

Thu 9 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūlua

Fri 10 6

6

N

Sat 11 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Lā‘aupau

Sun 12 6

6

N

Mon 13 6

6

N

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūlua

‘Olepau

Tue 14 6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Wed 15 6

6

N

Kāloakūlua

Thu 16 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Fri 17 6

6

N

Kāne

Sat 18 6

6

N

Lono

Sun 19 6

6

N

Mauli

Mon 20 6

6

N

Muku

Tue 21 6

6

N

Wed 22 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

The eggs of the hapawai are white.

The black ‘a‘ama can only be found in Hawai‘i.

‘Ōlelo No‘eau ‘A’ohe lolena i ka wai ‘ōpae.

There must be no slackness when one gathers shrimp in time of a freshet.

Let there be no slackers when there is work to be done.

Lazy people don’t get anywhere.

6

Tsunami of February 27, 2010 The tsunami was generated from Chile’s magnitude 8.8 earthquake.

Hale O Lono’s outer pā broke in four places.

Water continued to inundate and recede long after the “all clear” was given.

It took three months to clean Hale O Lono of all the debris and mud brought in by the tsunami.

The sluice gates leading to the inner ponds were destroyed.

Much of our mullet stock was lost.

Hale O Lono became susceptible to predator and invasive species such as kākū, puhi, ‘ōmilu, mangroves and new limu species.

It’s taken over a year for the ecosystem to recover and stabilize.

February-March 2012 Hoaka

Thu 23 6

N

Kūkahi

Fri 24 6

6

N

Kūlua

Sat 25 6

6

N

Sun 26 6

6

N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

Mon 27 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Tue 28 6

6

N

Wed 29 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

March

February

Hilo

Kaulua 6

‘Olekūkolu

Thu 1 6

N

‘Olepau

Fri 2 6

6

N

Sat 3 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Huna

Mohalu

Sun 4 6

N

Hua

Mon 5 6

6

N

Akua

Tue 6 6

6

N

Hoku

Wed 7 6

6

N

Māhealani

Thu 8 6

6

N

Kulu

Fri 9 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūkahi

Sat 10 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūlua

Sun 11 6

6

N

Lā‘aupau

Mon 12 6

6

N

Tue 13 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

‘Olekūlua

Wed 14 6

N

‘Olepau

Thu 15 6

6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Fri 16 6

6

N

‘Kāloakūlua

Sat 17 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Sun 18 6

6

N

Kāne

Mon 19 6

6

N

Lono

Tue 20 6

6

N

Mauli

Wed 21 6

6

N

Muku

Fri 23

Thu 22 6

6

N

6

6

N

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

Predators Puhi: Puhi is one of the predator species of Hale O Lono.

Puhi at Hale O Lono feed on crustaceans and small fish.

Kākū (Barracuda): The kākū feed on mullet in Hale O Lono.

The kākū at Hale O Lono have been as large as 4 feet.

‘Ōlelo No‘eau Ai puhi i ke kai pi‘i.

When the tide comes up it’s time to eat puhi.

6

Tsunami of March 11, 2011 Hale O Lono had just recovered from extensive damage sustained in the February 2010 tsunami.

A tsunami was generated on March 11, 2011, from an earthquake in Japan reaching a magnitude of 9.0.

The outer pÄ of Hale O Lono was broken in two places.

The interior of all Hale O Lono’s inner ponds were untouched.

Water continued to fluctuate throughout the day, though not as significantly as it did during the 2010 tsunami event.

March-April 2012 Hoaka

Sat 24 6

Kukahi

Sun 25 6

N

6

N

Kulua

Mon 26 6

6

N

Tue 27 6

6

N

Kupau

Kukolu

Wed 28 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Thu 29 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

Fri 30 6

6

N

Sat 31 6

6

N

6

Olepau

‘Olekūkolu

April

March

Hilo

Nana Sun 1 6

N

Mon 2 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

6

Huna

Mohalu

Hua

Akua

Hoku

Māhealani

Lā‘aukūkahi

Lā‘aukūlua

Lā‘aupau

‘Olekūkahi

Tue 3

Wed 4

Thu 5

Fri 6

Sat 7

Sun 8

Mon 9

Tue 10

Wed 11

Thu 12

6

N

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūlua

‘Olepau

Fri 13 6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Sat 14 6

6

N

Kāloakūlua

Sun 15 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Mon 16 6

6

N

Kāne

Tue 17 6

6

N

Lono

Wed 18 6

6

N

Mauli

Thu 19 6

6

N

Muku

Fri 20 6

6

N

Sat 21 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

We noticed after the recent tsunami that new laukahi started to sprout all over our walking pathway.

The outer pā (rock wall) is still in the process of being stabilized so rocks are all pa‘a.

‘Ōlelo No‘eau Iliki ke kai i ka ‘ope’ope la, lilo; i lilo no he hawawa.

The sea snatches the bundle and it is gone; it goes when one isn’t watchful.

A person who fails to watch out often loses.

Pō Mahina Correlations The moons have great significance to Hawaiians. We found several plant and animal moon correlations.

Kamali‘i ‘ike ‘ole i ka helu pō: Muku nei, Muku ka malama; Hilo nei, kau ka Hoaka

Whenever we did our surveys and found the ‘ū‘ū to be most abundant, we had full moons prior to the survey date.

Children who do not know the moon phases: Muku is here, Muku the moon; Hilo comes next, then Hoaka

Milo and false kamani seeds and naupaka flowers at Hale O Lono are most abundant during full moons.

The first part of a child’s chant for learning the moon phases. Also said of one who does not know the answer to a question or is ignorant.

He is compared to a small child who has not learned their moon phases.

Our mullet spawn during the full moon. Mullet fry (babies) are most abundant during full moons.

April

Hoaka

Sun 22 N

Kūkahi

Mon 23 6

6

Tue 24 6

N

Kūlua

6

N

Wed 25 6

6

N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

Thu 26 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Fri 27 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

Sat 28 6

6

N

‘Olekūkolu

Sun 29 6

6

N

Mon 30 6

6

N

‘Olepau

May

April -May 2012

Hilo

6

Welo 6

Tue 1 6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

6

Huna

Mohalu

Hua

Akua

Hoku

Māhealani

Kulu

Lā‘aukūkahi

Lā‘aukūlua

Lā‘aupau

Wed 2

Thu 3

Fri 4

Sat 5

Sun 6

Mon 7

Tue 8

Wed 9

Thu 10

Fri 11

N

6

6

6

N

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

‘Olekūlua

Sat 12 6

N

‘Olepau

Sun 13 6

6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Mon 14 6

6

N

‘Kāloakūlua

Tue 15 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Wed 16 6

6

N

Kāne

Thu 17 6

6

N

Lono

Fri 18 6

6

N

Mauli

Sat 19 6

6

N

Muku

Sun 20 6

6

N

Mon 21 6

6

N

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

No predator fish were seen during this month.

‘Ū‘ū spawn during the full moons.

The waxing moons are associated with the deity Hinahānaiakamalama.

The waning moons are associated with the deity Hina‘aikamalama.

On the moons that start with “‘Ole,” fishing activities should not be conducted because they will be unsuccessful.

6

Parallel Forms Parallel forms are any links that we found between growth events that happened on the land and the sea. Our ancestors discovered parallel forms through much observation of the marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

Parallel Form # 1 In September the highest number of mullet and the most laua‘e spores were observed.

Laua‘e and mullet both need a lot of water to survive. Mullet prefer areas that are rocky and shady. Laua‘e also prefer shady areas (which is why they have been known to thrive in forest environments), and they can grow on rocks, trees or soil. At Hale O Lono we see all three types of substrates. We have this type of environment with rocks and shade for mullet and shade and lots of moisture for the laua‘e.

Parallel form # 2 In September there was the highest numbers of fingerling size (pua) mullet and naupaka flowers.

Naupaka kahakai prefer areas with salt spray near the coastline. Mullet spawning season can start as early as September or early October but can also be triggered by cooler water temperatures.

May-June 2012 Hoaka

Start of Kau (hot season)

May

Hilo

Tue 22 6

Ikiiki

6

N

Kukahi

Wed 23 6

N

Thu 24 6

6

N

Kukolu

Kulua

Fri 25 6

6

N

Sat 26 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Kupau

Sun 27 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

Mon 28 6

6

N

‘Olekūkolu

Tue 29 6

6

N

Olepau

Wed 30 6

6

N

Thu 31 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

June

Huna

Mohalu

Fri 1 6

Hua

Sat 2 6

N

6

N

Akua

Sun 3 6

6

N

Hoku

Mon 4 6

6

N

Māhealani

Tue 5 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūkahi

Wed 6 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūlua

Thu 7 6

6

N

Fri 8 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Lā‘aupau

Sat 9 6

6

N

Sun 10 6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūlua

‘Olepau

Mon 11 6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Tue 12 6

6

N

Kāloakūlua

Wed 13 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Thu 14 6

6

N

Kāne

Fri 15 6

6

N

Lono

Sat 16 6

6

N

Mauli

Sun 17 6

6

N

Muku

Mon 18 6

6

N

Tue 19 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

Do we plan to continue and further study these findings?

‘Ōlelo No‘eau

Yes we do. We will continue our study this year to try and confirm last year’s findings and to identify new trends, cycles and correlations while honing our own observation and analysis skills.

Pua ke ko, ku ka he‘e.

When the sugar cane tassels, the octopus season is here.

6

N

6

Kia‘i Loko

Protocol

As a kia‘i of Hale O Lono (which operates under the konohiki system), it is our responsibility to understand everything about how a loko i‘a works. Being able to conduct protocol, maintain the fishpond, and know all the organisms at the pond are also necessities as a kia’i.

Why We Do Protocol • To honor and ho‘omana Hale O Lono and our elemental deities • To set and keep our focus for the day • To protect and guide us throughout the day Responsibilities of a Kia‘i Loko • Maintenance • Management • Production • Harvesting • Protection of the fishpond • Carrying out specific tasks given by the konohiki • Reporting to the head kia`i and the konohiki Konohiki versus Kia‘i • The konohiki is higher (in rank) than a kia‘i.

• The konohiki makes sure the pond is taken care of.

• The konohiki is an overseer of the pond, makes major decisions and

sets the kapu.

• The kia‘i helps to manage the pond on a day to day basis.

Maintenance

• Clean mākāhā so the water flows freely in and out of the pond.

• Weed pā and banks to keep pond structure strong by removing

weeds that can cause the wall to weaken and collapse.

• Remove algal blooms as they absorb the nutrients in the water that the fish need.

Monitoring Surveys

• Monitor the levels of various water parameters to give further insight

into factors that may affect the health of our fish.

• Survey flora and fauna weekly and monthly to observe, analyze and

document the growth cycles of our species.

June -July 2012

June

Hilo

Hoaka

Wed 20 6

Ka‘aona

Thu 21 6

N

Kūkahi

6

Fri 22 6

N

Kūlua

6

N

Sat 23 6

6

N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

Sun 24 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Mon 25 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

Tue 26 6

6

N

‘Olekūkolu

Wed 27 6

6

Thu 28 6

N

‘Olepau

6

N

Fri 29 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Mohalu

July

Huna

Sat 30 6

N

6

Hua

Sun 1 6

Mon 2 6

N

Akua

6

N

Hoku

Tue 3 6

6

N

Māhealani

Wed 4 6

6

N

Kulu

Thu 5 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūkahi

Fri 6 6

6

N

Lā‘aukūlua

Sat 7 6

6

Sun 8 6

N

Lā‘aupau

6

N

Mon 9 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

‘Olekūlua

Tue 10 6

N

‘Olepau

Wed 11 6

6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Thu 12 6

6

N

‘Kāloakūlua

Fri 13 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Sat 14 6

6

N

Kāne

Sun 15 6

6

N

Lono

Mon 16 6

6

N

Mauli

Tue 17 6

6

N

Muku

Wed 18 6

6

N

Thu 19 6

6

N

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

Flora surveys were conducted to monitor native and non-native plant growth and to strengthen our observation skills in the environment.

Fauna surveys were conducted to monitor fish abundance (most importantly, mullet) so we have an idea of when they’re spawning.

Water quality was conducted to monitor the levels of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and other parameters.

‘Ōlelo No‘eau He ali‘i ka ‘āina; he kauwā ke kanaka.

The land is the chief; man is its servant.

Land has no need for man; but man needs the land and works it for a livelihood.

6

Negative Man-Made Impacts During our years at Hale O Lono, we’ve observed several negative manmade impacts that directly affect the overall health of this ecosystem.

Poaching: When the pond is raided by people with nets and poles, it takes away from Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation (EKF) for its ceremonial fish use and the students for their educational use. We rely solely on our brood stock to sustain our fish populations. Harvests are halted when specific fish are taken out and the balance of fish in the pond is off. Just because you see the fish, that doesn’t mean you can take them. Please observe and respect the posted signs.

Littering: Whenever you don’t dispose of your trash properly it becomes hazardous to the organisms and the caretakers at Hale O Lono. Whenever you’re near the shoreline, throw your rubbish away properly. Your trash could potentially end up in our pond.

Trespassing: Liability of the trespasser is put onto EKF as the land manager, and, if something were to happen to the trespasser, EKF would be held responsible. If you’re caught inside of the pond without authorization, you can be arrested for trespassing.

If you see someone in the pond who doesn’t look like he/she belongs there, please take down an accurate description of the person and/or his/her vehicle and report it to the Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation at (808) 961-5242.

July-August 2012

July

Hilo

Hoaka

Fri 20 6

Hinaia‘ele‘ele

Kūkahi

Sat 21 6

N

6

N

Kūlua

Sun 22 6

6

N

Mon 23 6

6

N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

Tue 24 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Wed 25 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

Thu 26 6

6

N

‘Olekūkolu

Fri 27 6

6

N

‘Olepau

Sat 28 6

6

N

Sun 29 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0

6

Huna

Mohalu

Mon 30

Tue 31

N

6

6

N

August

-1

6

6

Hua

Akua

Hoku

Māhealani

Kulu

Lā‘aukūkahi

Lā‘aukūlua

Lā‘aupau

Wed 1

Thu 2

Fri 3

Sat 4

Sun 5

Mon 6

Tue 7

Wed 8

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

‘Olekūlua

Thu 9 6

N

‘Olepau

Fri 10 6

6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Sat 11 6

6

N

‘Kāloakūlua

Sun 12 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Mon 13 6

6

N

Kāne

Tue 14 6

6

N

Lono

Wed 15 6

6

N

Mauli

Thu 16 6

6

N

Muku

Fri 17 6

6

N

Sat 18 6

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

Kapu means sacred. Hale O Lono is sacred and has great significance to the Hawaiian culture and to the Keaukaha shoreline. It should be respected and treated as such.

‘Ōlelo No‘eau Pupuhi ka i’a o Uko’a

The fish of Uko‘a is gone Uko‘a is a famous pond in Waialua, O‘ahu. Said of one who takes flight or of something quickly and secretly taken.

6

N

6

Fauna at Hale O Lono At Hale O Lono, we have several types of fish. As kia‘i, we know from our observations that fish have unique behaviors and some even have unique personalities. By observing behavior, we can learn a lot about an organism and about how that organism interacts with other organisms in the ecosystem.

‘Ama‘ama (Striped Mullet) At Hale O Lono, larger mullet will actually pull the limu down and shake it. The smaller fish will come around and eat all the remnants that fall off. Our mullet are usually very active and can be seen flashing and jumping around and out of the pond.

‘Auku‘u (Black Crowned Night Heron) We have an old tent frame that the ‘auku‘u will sit on to look over the pond and observe the fish swimming below. It will slowly climb down the pole (to avoid any fast and obvious movements), then go near the water and stand still like a statue before going in for the attack.

‘O‘opu (Brackish Water Goby) ‘O‘opu normally feed and stay on the bottom of the pond. At Hale O Lono, they will come and grab the limu on the top. ‘O‘opu will not only feed on the top but also swim near the surface. They are not very curious about things surrounding them. They are easily scared and can swim super fast. If you’re not observing well enough, you won’t see the `o`opu; you will just see the small sediment cloud they left behind when they moved.

August-September 2012

August

Hilo

Hoaka

Sun 19 6

Hilinaehu

Kukahi

Mon 20 6

N

6

N

Kulua

Tue 21 6

6

N

Wed 22 6

6

N

Kupau

Kukolu

Thu 23 6

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Fri 24 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

Sat 25 6

6

N

Sun 26 6

6

N

Olepau

‘Olekūkolu

Mon 27 6

6

N

Tue 28 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0

6

Huna

Mohalu

Hua

Wed 29

Thu 30

Fri 31

6

N

6

N

6

6

N

September

-1

6

6

Akua

Hoku

Māhealani

Lā‘aukūkahi

Lā‘aukūlua

Lā‘aupau

‘Olekūkahi

Sat 1

Sun 2

Mon 3

Tue 4

Wed 5

Thu 6

Fri 7

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūlua

‘Olepau

Kāloakūkahi

Kāloakūlua

Kāloapau

Kāne

Lono

Mauli

Muku

Sat 8

Sun 9

Mon 10

Tue 11

Wed 12

Thu 13

Fri 14

Sat 15

Sun 16

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

Ko’a

Other Fish at Hale O Lono

Fish at Hale O Lono tend to gather in certain areas. We have three main ko’a at Hale O Lono spread throughout the big pond.

Aholehole Manini

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

Flora at Hale O Lono Here’s what’s unique about how some of our plants are growing at Hale O Lono.

The aerial roots of the hala can be seen growing partially on land and partially in water.

Laukahi in some areas can get fully submerged underwater during high tide but continue to grow with no damage to the plant. A difference we do see is the submerged laukahi stem is red.

Normally you’d see trees growing separately, but at Hale O Lono the milo and hala trees grow together in a number of locations around the pond. Milo keiki grow around our small pond within the laua‘e patches.

One of the niu trees had a green coconut that stayed on that tree the entire school year and didn’t fall until summer. This niu tree only produces green coconuts.

September-October 2012

September

Hilo

Hoaka

Mon 17 6

Hilinamā

Tue 18 6

N

Kūkahi

6

Wed 19 6

N

Kūlua

6

N

Thu 20 6

6

Kūpau

Kūkolu

Fri 21 6

N

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Sat 22 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

Sun 23 6

6

Mon 24 6

N

‘Olekūkolu

6

N

‘Olepau

Tue 25 6

6

N

Wed 26 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0

6

Huna

Mohalu

Hua

Akua

Thu 27

Fri 28

Sat 29

Sun 30

N

6

6

6

N

6

N

6

6

October

-1

6

N

Hoku

Māhealani

Kulu

Lā‘aukūkahi

Lā‘aukūlua

Lā‘aupau

Mon 1

Tue 2

Wed 3

Thu 4

Fri 5

Sat 6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

6

N

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

‘Olekūlua

Sun 7 6

N

‘Olepau

Mon 8 6

6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Tue 9 6

6

N

‘Kāloakūlua

Wed 10 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Thu 11 6

6

N

Kāne

Fri 12 6

6

N

Lono

Sat 13 6

6

N

Mauli

Sun 14 6

6

N

Mon 15 6

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

We use the naupaka leaves to de-fog our goggles when we snorkel.

The hala keys can be used to make lei to mark the passing of a loved one.

Muku

Last year, we cut back some of the laua‘e patches and monitored the re-growth. After three months they grew back healthier, greener and fuller.

6

N

Tue 16 6

6

N

6

Spawning Hapawai

‘Ōpae Huna

White egg capsules

Eggs carried until ready to hatch ~1month

Hatch Larvae drift to big pond as marine plankton 1 year Return to inner ponds Spawning Lay eggs on rocks

Swim upside down for 1 week Post Larvae (6 weeks) Juvenile ½ size adult Adult Molt Spawning

Striped Mullet

‘O‘opu Nākea

Eggs

Lay eggs on bottom substrate

Hatch in 48 hrs Pua (Fry)

Hatch in 48 hours

Pua‘ama (Fingerling)

Post-larvae taken out to big pond

Kahaha (palm length)

Juvenile

‘Ama‘ama (8 inches & under)

Adult

‘Anae (adult 12 inches)

Spawning

Spawning

As kia‘i of Hale O Lono we need to be familiar with the birth cycles of the fish in our pond. It is important to know when certain fish are most abundant, to better understand how the pond’s ecosystem works. We also need to know what kinds of marine life are in the pond (other than the main stock of mullet) and what their birthing cycles are.

October

Hilo

October-November 2012 Hoaka

Wed 17 6

‘Ikuā

N

Kūkahi

Thu 18 6

6

Fri 19 6

N

Kūlua

6

N

Sat 20 6

6

Sun 21 6

N

Kūpau

Kūkolu

6

N

‘Olekūkahi

Mon 22 6

6

N

‘Olekūlua

Tue 23 6

6

N

‘Olekūkolu

Wed 24 6

6

N

‘Olepau

Thu 25 6

6

N

Fri 26 6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

6

Mohalu

Hua

Akua

Hoku

Sat 27

Sun 28

Mon 29

Tue 30

Wed 31

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

Māhealani

Kulu

Lā‘aukūkahi

Lā‘aukūlua

Lā‘aupau

Thu 1

Fri 2

Sat 3

Sun 4

Mon 5

November

Huna

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

6

N

6

3 2 1 0 -1

‘Olekūkahi

‘Olekūlua

Tue 6 6

N

‘Olepau

Wed 7 6

6

N

Kāloakūkahi

Thu 8 6

6

N

‘Kāloakūlua

Fri 9 6

6

N

Kāloapau

Sat 10 6

6

N

Kāne

Sun 11 6

6

N

Lono

Mon 12 6

6

N

Mauli

Tue 13 6

6

N

Muku

Wed 14 6

6

N

Thu 15 6

6

N

3 2 1 0 -1

Highlights

Agitated water can trigger mature ‘ōpae eggs to hatch.

Mullet is our main stock; they are normally harvested twice a year (depending on abundance) for ceremonial use.

The name hapawai means “half-fresh water,” referring to its brackish water environment.

Ōlelo No‘eau Ka i`a mili i ka poho o ka lima.

The fish fondled by the palm of the hand.

When `o`opu were in season, they would spawn in such great numbers that they could be scooped up in the palm of the hand.

6

He Wahi Mahalo!

Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation, Kia`i Roxane Kapuaimohalaikalani Stewart, Konohiki Kala Mossman and Kalei Nu‘uhiwa

Ke Ana La`ahana Public Charter School junior and senior high school students (l-r) Kieran Rosas, Roice Gariando, Bryson SakaiSoto, Ruth Evans, Hinaikamalama Joaquin, Mokihana Lee-Ubedei, Kalei Wela and Ka`imipono Crivello

ISBN Photo1-934061-83-2 Credits: Na Kia‘i o Hale O Lono Papaku Makawalu ISBN 1-934061-83-2

For more information on the perpetuation of the kia‘i loko practice at Hale O Lono, please contact the Edith Kanaka‘ole Foundation at (808) 961-5242.

For more information on the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, visit www.wpcouncil.org. If your community is interested in working with the Council on a traditional lunar calendar for your moku, please contact the Council at info.wpcouncil@noaa.gov and visit www.ahamoku.org.