November December 2015

November-December 2015 | www.lightexpress.in

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Future Lighting Control Strategy

New! LG Chem Flexible OLED Light Panel

Smart Streetlights Why Choose “Open”?

Key Steps in Lighting Design!

Show Report!

Founder Editor-in-Chief Late Mr. Kanwar NS Managing Editor Reny Singh

November-December 2015 | www.lightexpress.in

Editors Amrita Singh Sarvjit Kanwar China Correspondent & Reporters Ying Wei-Beijing Bao Tian Tian - Shanghai Xing Guang Li - Guangzhou Assistant Editor/Correspondent Vishwapreet Secretary & Legal Advisor K.Surinder

ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING & DESIGN MAGAZINE

Indian LED industry set to touch Rs 21,600 crore by 2020 The market size of Indian LED industry may touch Rs 21,600 crore by 2020 on the back of government's decision to switch to LED for all street lamps and public space lighting, an industry official said. The Indian LED industry was pegged at Rs 1,925 crore out of the lighting industry's aggregate turnover of Rs 13,000 crore in 2013.

As projected, the turnover of Indian lighting industry by 2020 will be Rs 35,000 crore and LED will account Rs 21,600 crore, which is significantly over 60 per cent of this total turnover, Surya Roshni Managing Director Raju Bista told. Bista pointed out that in the wake of continual Narendra Modi-led government's support for the promotion of LED lighting, this market is expected to grow substantially. The government has decided to switch to LED for all street lamps and public space lighting. Moreover, the 'Make in India' initiative launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi will provide a boost to the LED industry, he said and added that Surya has already commenced in-house production of indoor and outdoor LED products at its plants.

These include LED bulbs, down-lighters of various shapes and sizes as well as street lights.The company's prime focus is to educate and promote only sustainable energy efficiency and drive the LED segment forward. India’s LED lighting market is currently at a nascent stage. Though the LED market is already growing at a robust pace over the last 2-3 years, the country offers huge growth potential, especially over the next 5-10 years. Increasing adoption of LED lighting is being witnessed across commercial and residential sectors, government projects, upcoming smart building projects, etc. Key factors that are expected to boost the market include declining LED prices coupled with favorable government initiatives to provide LED lights at subsidized cost and LED installation projects for streetlights. In addition, growing awareness among consumers on account of awareness programs by manufacturers and regulatory bodies is expected to play a vital role in shaping the country’s LED market over the next five years.

Circulation Surekha Gogna Production, Design & Degital Media Rakesh Sharma Marketing & Sales Lina Catherine Amy Lan Anna Mi Technical Advisors Alex Van Bienen/Lily - Nederlands Public Relations Director (UK) Mike Steele Advisor Internet Sukhbir Singh International Advisor (Australia) Andrew S. McCourt Germany Representatives Julia Rittershofer Steffen Schnaderbeck India (Head Office) D 182 PR House, Anand Vihar, New Delhi 110 092 INDIA Tel: +91 11 22141542 | 4309 4482 Fax: +91 11 22160635 info@lightexpress.in www.lightexpress.in

PROFESSIONAL LIGHTING DESIGN CONVENTION, PLDC 2015 | 16. NOVEMBER, 2015

PLDC 2015 in Rome – a reflection of the lighting design market today Photography : Michael Loos

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he fifth edition of the Profes sional Lighting Design Conven tion, PLDC 2015, endorsed the importance of the biennial convention for the international lighting design community. The list of partners and supporters has grown this year, and the organisers registered substantially more attendees.

Associations, universities, media

partners and public clients regard PLDC as the platform for the development of new trends and political discussions. The interdisciplinary structure of PLDC promotes future-oriented discussion on the importance of light and the lighting design profession. In Rome lighting designers, architects, clients, researchers, educators and the lighting industry were present and open to discuss the quality of light

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in architecture, and to discover and develop trends.

PLDC 2015 took place under the patronage of the Roman Chapter of Architects, Urban Planners, Landscape Architects and Curators.

The main theme this year was Light and Culture. The organisers chose Italy as a location because historical roots and modern lighting technology make for an especially exciting

contrast, and this is especially evident in Italy. Museum and gallery lighting, and the illumination of historic sites such as the Colosseum can benefit from modern technologies, bridging the gap between the past and the future of urban life in a tourist city.

Besides paper presentations in four parallel tracks, the comprehensive supporting programme was also

designed to stimulate discussion and debate. Six Experience Rooms, a lighting design competition focussing on the EUR district in Rome, excursions to projects in the City of Rome, and a series of preconvention meetings all contributed to expanding PLDC’s reputation as a quality global lighting design convention. The event was ably supported by 65 leading companies, who demonstrated the current potential of the lighting industry.

Joachim Ritter, Chair of the PLDC Steering Committee, was extremely pleased with the overall response to the convention: “We are delighted that our ideas and efforts have met with such a positive response, and that the modern format we have developed for PLDC has gained so much recognition worldwide. The market is very dynamic right now and lighting design is gaining more attention in this International Year of Light”.

This year, PLDC was also an

international meeting point for professional issues concerning the recognition of the profession. A new initiative currently underway is focussed on gaining official recognition of Lighting Design as a profession at EU level by introducing a licensing procedure. The necessary documents have been compiled in the past few months.

This marks a significant step in the process to gain recognition for the profession. On the occasion of PLDC 2007 in London, a Declaration was made and approved by those attending that indicated this intent.

The new initiative, which is being driven by a group of dedicated lighting designers and educators, was presented at PLDC 2015.

This process is also being expressly supported by the official representative body of the European lighting industry, Lighting Europe. This move is accompanied by the setting up of coordinated continuing education programmes and the installation of a

non-profit organisation to handle the issuing of licences on the European market. This would be an all-time first internationally, and would act as a case of precedence for other markets.

The motto of this year’s PLDC was therefore spot-on: “An educated decision” is a clear pointer to the fact that modern lighting design is based on the evidence revealed by scientific studies and is therefore a discipline that can be studied and learnt. In future, Bachelor and Master degrees in Lighting Design need to be more acknowledged as marking the graduate’s start in professional life. Education and continuing education are, and remain, the basis for all developments in the field of lighting design as a discipline.

The Chamber of Architects in Italy has also recognised the significance of lighting and, like CIBSE, is awarding CPD credits for attending PLDC, thus also recognising the

quality of PLDC as an educational event.

Public clients likewise see enormous value in the event and use PLDC to exchange news and views with representatives from other towns and cities as well as with specialist designers. The next wave of development is just around the corner. Digital connectivity is going to be changing the lighting design world dramatically, public life being the area most affected. The impact of this and the opportunities it offers are hard to define right now, which is why they are the subject of debate.

This year was the first time that a design competition was staged on the occasion of PLDC. The international competition, which focussed on the historic EUR district in Rome, was organised as an interdisciplinary project and required that an architect work together with a lighting designer to develop the

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concept. The National Council of Italian Architects, Planners, Landscapers and Curators (CNAPPC), together with AIDI, APIL and the universities La Sapienza and Rome Tre, and supported by the Capital City of Rome, staged this lighting design competition. The results were exhibited at PLDC in a specially dedicated Experience Room.

The Challenge: the final, and the kick-off for 2016/2017 PLDC also hosted Round IV – the final – of the young designers’ speaker competition, The Challenge.

Of the 50 candidates who submitted topics for papers in Round I, six young talents competed for first prize on 31. October in the final.

Over the past 18 months, and four rounds, the young designers developed their respective topics, coached by professional lighting designers to optimise the content of their papers and refine their presentation techniques. Within the framework of the final, the speakers were judged on the quality of the content of their papers and the professional quality of the presentation itself. The winner was selected by an independent jury and announced at the Gala Dinner. PLDC 2015 also marked the kick-off to the next edition of The Challenge, which will take place over the coming two years.

The Gala Dinner, including the PLD Recognition Awards, which was the climax to PLDC 2015, was held in the Cinecittà film studios in Rome, where parts of the latest Bond movie were filmed. The closing event, with almost 800 guests attending, was sold out months before it took place. The main highlight of the evening was the Awards ceremony: lighting designers and other key partners in the community were recognised in seven different categories for their outstanding contributions to the advancement of Architectural Lighting Design in the last two years.

This year the Awards ceremony included the announcement of the

winner of the Young Designers’ Speaker Competition. The prize money to the amount of 1000 euros for the best presentation in the final round of The Challenge was awarded to Pernille Krieger and Eik Lykke Nielsen from the University of Aarhus/DK who gave a paper on “Lighting design to help elderly citizens live independently”. Pernille and Eik were coached by Brendan Keely/UK. In the category Best Newcomer the award went to Kerem Ali Asfuroglu / TY/UK from Speirs + Major for his innovative educational approach and his artistic graphics.

The Award for Best Industry Innovation went to Arduino, an open-source computer hardware and software company that designs and manufactures microcontrollerbased kits for building digital devices and interactive objects.

Dorit Malin from Israel received the Award for Education for her tireless work in the field of education.

The Award for Research went to Dr. Karolina Zielinska-Dabkowska/PL/CH for her work on the effects of light on nature.

Artist Raphael Hefti/CH was presented with the Award for the Best Daylighting Project for the installation he designed for the roof of the gift shop at the Van Gogh Museum in Arles/F. The artistic lighting design for the Energy Tower Facade of the incinerating plant in Roskilde/DK by Gunver Hansen from Copenhagen/ DK was recognised with the Award for Best New Project.

The Award at Large was presented to Daan Roosegaarde for the temporary installation “Waterlicht”/NL. The guests were particularly intrigued to see who would receive the Lifetime Award, which in previous years had been presented to Prof. Dr. Heinrich Kramer, William Lam, Dr. Jonathan Speirs and Christopher Cuttle. This year the jury honoured Motoko Ishii for her life’s

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work. The work of the Japanese lighting designer, who has been working in the field for 50 years, is a source of inspiration for many designers around the world. As the first female lighting designer back in the eighties, she was able to establish her reputation in Japan and internationally through her consistent artistic philosophy.

On the occasion of the gala evening that concluded the PLDC event Joachim Ritter announced the location and the motto for PLDC 2017. The motto of the 6th PLDC will be “Shift happens!” – pointing to the dramatic changes on the lighting design landscape, the impact of digital technologies and the processes the design community will have to undergo to adjust to changing conditions. Substantial changes are anticipated in the public realm with regard to structural reorganisation.

Lighting programmes in towns and cities in future will be addressing issues such as atmosphere and energy savings to the same extent.

The City of Paris will be the location of the next PLDC event. The French capital looks forward to playing a significant role in support of PLDC 2017, and the PLDC organisers will be cooperating with key persons in Paris to take the event to a new level.

Paris was one of the first cities to start using street lights during the Great Exhibition of 1889, and was promptly referred to as the City of Light. The city fathers now have the

chance to regain the title in the modern sense as the “City of Light 4.0”. By the year 2020, Paris is planning to change its public lighting system radically.

In future, more emphasis will be placed on the needs of pedestrians and cyclists.

In 2017, PLDC will therefore again serve as a driver of state-of-the-art lighting design, a platform to enable trends to be discussed and developed – taking the next step to strengthen the interdisciplinary character of the educational event. www.pld-c.com Facts and figures Attendees: 1732 from 63 different countries Partner Associations: 25 Partner Universities and Institutes: 38 Partner Cities: 13 Media Partners: 23 Partner events: 10 Sponsors and exhibitors: 65 VIA-Verlag Joachim Ritter e.K. Marienfelder Str. 18 33330 Gütersloh Germany Tel. +49 - 5241 - 307 26 - 12 Fax. +49 - 5241 - 307 26 - 40 www.via-verlag.com www.pld-c.com For futher information, please contact: Jessika Singendonk E-mail: jsingendonk@via-internet.com

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Smart Streetlights – Why Choose “Open”?

IN A WORLD WHERE EVERYTHING SEEMS TO BE SMART, OPEN AND CONNECTED, WE STILL DISCUSS THE VALUE OF CHOOSING AN OPEN AND INTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS VERSUS A PROPRIETARY ONE.

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PANET, a leading provider of smart outdoor lighting solutions that saves energy and improves streetlight maintenance proceses, was recently involved in a project to install 800 light poles for the A1 highway in Poland. The project claimed to be based on the standardized LonWorks® power line communication technology which communicates with and remotely controls, commands and monitors each light pole, however after reviewing the program in greater detail the selected supplier of the system did not supply devices that were certified by the Lonmark Organization, in fact all the characterics were of a proprietary system. Furthermore it had a proprietary repeating communication algorithm as well as proprietary gateways/concentrators with GPRS modems without any information about the protocol involved. The customer tried very hard to get that solution to work but didn’t succeed because communication and control were not working nor documented properly. Despite involving other suppliers and technical universities, no solution was found. After months of lost time, the customer finally launched a request to replace the initially selected “not so open” solution with a truly open and interoperable system including LonMark certified devices and at least two different type of controllers from different suppliers to prove openness.

APANET won the business and is

now replacing the proprietary light point controllers with the GLC1xx and Echelon Outdoor Lighting Controllers. These two types of light controllers are designed, manufactured and commercialized by two competing companies. Thanks to LonWorks, both controllers are interoperable and can be designed into the same outdoor lighting network. The GLC1xx light controller allows control, command and monitoring of any luminaire (LED or conventional HPS): on, off, stepless dimming, as well as reading active power, current, voltage, power factor and cumulated energy consumption (kWh). APANET’s open and interoperable solution, allows the customer to reduce energy consumption by adjusting light levels based on activity and time. They can also save on maintenance costs with the automatic failure identification feature.

All the light controllers will be installed by the end of December 2015. APANET will then provide the customer with the Central Management System from Streetlight.Vision to manage each light point and to do the photometric tests.

Conclusion An interoperable solution creates a durable competitive environment whereby any part of the system can be sourced from a different supplier.

This prevents vendor lock-in, since no single component will force

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owners into a proprietary, singlevendor solution, with a risky single source strategy for replacement parts and a single source for maintenance and support. With a well-structured standards-based system, all of the proprietary hooks are removed, leaving the customer with a wide variety of options.

In the outdoor lighting control industry, it is estimated that there are about 50 different proprietary control systems. Selecting any of them is very expensive and risky given all of the elements and the complexity required to create a complete well-performing outdoor lighting control system. Fortunately,

there are about 20 companies, like APANET and Streetlight.Vision, that provide open and interoperable solutions. By using standards-based systems every manufacturer benefits from multiple sources of supply for their components, standardized tools and common software.

For more information about LonMark and the LonMark Outdoor Lighting Committee: http://lonmark.org/connection/solutions/lighting/outdoor/street/

Light Express | November-December 2015 | 9

GLP IMPRESSION X4 FAMILY WELCOMES THE MIGHTY ATOM

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f the Atom is the basic building block of all matter, it can be argued that the sheer versatility of GLP’s new impression X4 Atom — which will occupy a unique position in the marketplace — will provide a fundamental tool for all lighting disciplines. And since it is IP65 rated it can also be used in all applications, whether indoors or out, all year round.

Size matters, and the power of the Atom comes from a body that measures less than 16cm long and weighs just 1.3kg. Within that body is a high powered 15 Watt RGBW LED source that emits a bright beam with even colour distribution across a full spectrum. Making the Atom unique in its class is a motorised zoom inside that gives a mighty 9:1 ratio, running from 3.5°-34°, and adding a huge amount of flexibility.

Increasing its usability in multiple applications and further extending its uniqueness is the IP65 rating that the unit carries, allowing it to be used all year round outdoors or in.

Furthermore, the X4 Atom features a clever interlock mechanism that allows units to be built into different configurations quickly and easily. It is therefore set to benefit multiple applications from TV and film, to corporate events, set lighting and special events. Also benefitting will be concert touring stages, truss systems and architectural elements, as the interlock system quickly turns single fixtures into 4-Lites, 8-Lites or any other shape.

you can, if you want to make a little 2-Lite or a stadium style light fitting, then you can — and you still have full control over each head individually.”

Control for the Atom heads is via an Atom PSU controller — commencing with a 12-way, but with a 6-way and other models to follow. The PSU supplies power and data down a single 4 pin XLR cable to each Atom head. “Since it uses the same format as industry standard colour scroller cable, all the rental houses who have stopped using colour changers can now repurpose all that existing cable and infrastructure — meaning less investment for them and reduction of overall environmental impact of the Atom,” says Ravenhill.

Rounding out the feature set, the impression X4 Atom contains the advanced features that GLP customers have come to expect, including adjustable flicker free control, beautiful colour mixing, smooth dimming without any colour shift, variable speed strobe, — and much more.

Shipping of the GLP impression X4 Atom has now begun.

“You can quickly create all kinds of configurations — in seconds and without tools,” says GLP Inc president, Mark Ravenhill. “If you want to mimic molefays, you can, if you want to create groundrows, 10 | November-December 2015 | Light Express

AV Stumpfl Set to Double Service Efforts

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ustrian audiovisual engineering and manufac turing company, AV Stumpfl is reaffirming its commitment to its partners and their projects with the significant investment into service and project support teams at the company’s new Campus located at its global headquarters in Wallern, Austria.

restored within the shortest time frame possible.

AV Stumpfl is already well known for its premium level of service and support for its partners and in addition, AV Stumpfl is offering the following support packages to clients:

Extended warranty Servers and other hardware products from AV Stumpfl are now available with an extended warranty of up to five years.

Data management Customers can back up a whole project safely and securely stored at AV Stumpfl. Prompt retrieval means that should something go wrong on site, a running solution can be

Remote service package Service is available seven days a week from 08:00 to 22:00 Central European time with the exception of 24 – 26 December. 24-hour response email, telephone and remote support is guaranteed.

Software maintenance contract A software maintenance contract can be provided at the client request. Minor updates to software are provided free of charge.

On-site service contracts

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Beyond installation planning, design assistance, installation support and training, an AV Stumpfl expert service engineer can be dispatched to travel on-site within 48 hours on a contractual project for complex or larger projects, anywhere in the world.

“These service enhancements are about meeting the needs of our partners and customers. Service is firmly integrated into our partner program because, as all of our products must meet a certain technical standard, so all of our partners should have the same level of dedicated support when those products are released,” adds Oliver Hauser, head of project management and service at AV Stumpfl.

ABB presents India’s first fully fledged multi-source microgrid Internet of Things, Services and People. The center can remotely monitor the health and performance of equipment, robots and industrial plants across the world. Sustainable infrastructure and smart city offerings from intelligent buildings to metro transportation will also be showcased at APW. “The exhibition brings together ABB technologies from around the world that can enhance productivity in Indian industry,” said ABB India Managing Director Bazmi Husain.

“On average, Indian industries use 30 percent more energy than global benchmarks to manufacture a production unit.

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ndia’s first fully fledged multisource microgrid was inaugurated today by India’s Minister for Power, Coal and New & Renewable Energy, Piyush Goyal, at a ceremony hosted by ABB Group CEO Ulrich Spiesshofer and ABB India Managing Director Bazmi Husain.

storage and balancing, and can function independently or as a supplement to the main grid.

A new report by the Economist Intelligence Unit, commissioned by ABB, says microgrids can make an important contribution to the overall electricity infrastructure and minimizes the risk of outages.

optimize power usage in remote industrial installations or urban complexes,” said ABB Group CEO Ulrich Spiesshofer. “ABB has executed more than 30 microgrid projects across the globe and is well placed to partner with the government in this area.”

The multi-source microgrid supplies power to ABB’s leading global customer fair, Automation and Power World (APW), which is taking place in New Delhi from Nov. 4-6.

Powered by solar and wind it can generate up to 125 kilovolt ampere (kVA) - enough clean energy for around 4,000 rural households.

The report stresses that India could develop domestic capabilities in the microgrids sector, allowing it to expand its presence in high-tech manufacturing and address consumer demand. In India, nearly a quarter of the population lacks access to electricity.

APW is returning to India after four years with an exhibition of technologies focused on the future of power and automation. It presents smart solutions for sustainable growth, showcasing the drivers of the next level of development in India across utilities, industries, and transport and infrastructure.

It avoids production of more than 1,300 kilograms of CO2 emissions during the three-day APW event. The microgrid is equipped with a stateof-the-art battery bank for power

“Using microgrid technology, India can not only light up its remote villages, in line with the government’s power for all program, but also decentralize generation and

APW has a working exhibit of the world’s first truly collaborative industrial robot, YuMi, along with an innovative command and control center for technologies utilizing the

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Optimization of energy use is imperative as India balances growth and the need to minimize environmental impact. The resulting energy savings and efficiency can be equivalent to setting up new capacity. Microgrid technology deployed for urban and power sensitive installations can aid reliable, optimal and clean power supply.”

About ABB ABB (www.abb.com) is a leader in power and automation technologies that enable utility, industry, and transport and infrastructure customers to improve their performance while lowering environmental impact. The ABB Group of companies operates in roughly 100 countries and employs about 140,000 people.

For more information please contact: Corporate Communications, ABB India Ltd. Sohini Mookherjea sohini.mookherjea@in.abb.com Peter Stierlipeter.stierli@in.abb.com

Higher Occupancy Sensor Resolution Promises Greater Savings truly unoccupied.

savings compared to Scenario #1.

The advent of LED lighting creates an opportunity to increase energy savings by reducing time delays. LED sources are instant-ON and do not experience an appreciable reduction in lamp life due to frequent switching. Theoretically, time delay could be reduced to 5 minutes or less, though a majority of current sensors do not offer settings that low.

Scenario #3: Multiple Sensors and Time Delays: Each workstation has dedicated occupancy sensing. Time delays are set at 30 (Scenario #3a), 20 (3b), 10 (3c), 1 (3d) and zero (3e) minute(s). Multiple sensors for reliable detection are required at the lower time delay settings of 1 and zero minute(s).

To address false triggering that leave occupants in the dark, multiple cheap sensors could be deployed to ensure reliable detection. This is a strong potential for that with networks of luminaire-integrated sensors installed in open office plans.

ccupancy sensors are a proven strategy to reduce lighting energy consumption. As such, they are mandated by commercial building energy codes.

National Research Council Canada (NRC) put these ideas to the test in a simulation study of an ideal office lighting control system. Occupancy data was recorded in a space consisting of six 6×8 workstations in a windowless room over 10 days between 7 AM and 7 PM (12 hours). The lighting consisted of luminaires mounted over each workstation. NRC applied three control scenarios to this application:

Current codes require a maximum 30-minute time delay. Time delay is a field-adjustable setting that determines the amount of time between last detected occupancy and the lights switching or dimming.

Newer codes may reduce that to 20 minutes.

Scenario #1: Timer Control. This benchmark scenario represents the traditional approach of centrally controlling all luminaires via scheduled ON/OFF, with the lights operating the full 12 hours. Energy consumption over the 10 days was calculated at 7.2 kWh.

Shorter time delays translate to higher energy savings. However, very short time delays can produce more frequent switching, which can shorten fluorescent lamp life.

Meanwhile, longer time delays serve as insurance against nuisance switching by ensuring the space is

Scenario #2: Adaptive Central Control. This scenario features central control but with a single local occupancy sensor set with a 10minute time delay. The lights are ON from the time the first occupant arrives until the last occupant leaves.

Energy use: 6.1 kWh, 15% energy

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NRC evaluated energy savings, comparing these options against Scenario #1, and found: • Scenario 3a (30 minutes), 22% energy savings • Scenario 3b (20 minutes), 26.4% energy savings • Scenario 3c (10 minutes), 31.9% energy savings • Scenario 3d (1 minute), 45.8% energy savings • Scenario 3e (0 minutes), 48.6% energy savings In “A Quick Timeout” (LD+A, December 2014), NRC researchers Dr. Erhan E. Dikel and Dr. Guy R. Newsham wrote, “Overall, Scenario 3-d seems like the best balance between maximizing savings, with some protection against false negatives.”

They added that a detailed cost analysis and human factors study of the acceptance of this frequency of switching are needed before application in a commercial building.

Regarding lamp life, shorter time delays are ideally suited to LED, though there may be potential for fluorescent. While shorter time delays results in more frequent switching, with associated reduction in lamp life, actual operating time is greatly reduced.

Deployment of LED lighting also provides another opportunity for

greater resolution. The researchers offered a scenario where lighting is modularized within the workstation by task, with advanced sensing detecting not just occupancy, but also task being performed. The lighting would instantaneously raise and lower light levels based on location of the occupant and task.

The proliferation of LED lighting is opening the door to new energysaving opportunities with occupancy sensors by reducing time delays.

New Consumer LED Light Bulbs Are Now Cheaper Than Compact Fluorescents

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ack in 2013, $10 was a sweet deal for a 40-watt equivalent (6-watt) warm-white lightemitting diode (LED) bulb.

Now, consumers can scoop up three LED bulbs for that price with a new offering from GE. GE unveiled its Bright Stik LED last week, a 60-watt-equivalent bulb that is designed to woo consumers away from compact fluorescents, a technology many users were never thrilled with in the first place.

The time is now to capture the market. GE estimates that LEDs will grow in the residential lighting market from 10 percent today to more than 50 percent by 2020. Five years ago, a 60-watt-equivalent LED was about $45.

GE is not alone in driving down prices. Earlier this year, Philips rolled

out a dimmable, warm-light LED for about $5 with utility rebates at Home Depot. The utility rebates are available in more than 40 states. For a non-dimmable bulb, Philips has a current offer of an A19 two-pack for $5. Not to be left out, Wal-Mart’s Great Value brand LED 60-watt equivalent sells for about $4.

By comparison, compact fluorescents at Home Depot sell for about $3 to $10 per bulb.

“As we undergo this lighting technology shift, we collaborate with our vendors to provide our customers with lighting options that save them money and energy,” Joey Corona, Light Bulb Merchant for Home Depot, said in a statement.

“With the GE Bright Stik, we worked closely with GE to develop an affordable LED to replace spiral CFLs that offers superior quality light and function.”

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For consumers who are wary of LEDs after bad experiences with the light quality of early bulb models -- or frustrated by the performance of CFLs -- the range of affordable LED options, both in terms of shape, color, warranty and performance, could win them over quickly once they are lured by the low prices at the store.

And for more savvy consumers who want features beyond just dimming or color options for their LEDs, the price of connected LEDs is also falling and should drop further as connected-home platforms, such as those from security companies, cable providers, Nest and Apple, continue to drive the market.

CRI Modulation: Future Lighting Control Strategy?

BY CRAIG DILOUIE

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ED lighting has made a new dimension of lighting control, color tuning, widely available. By mixing separately dimmable arrays of warm- and coolwhite, saturated colors (RGB+A) or a mix of the two, correlated color temperature (CCT) can be tuned manually or automatically based on various application needs.

Besides CCT, the source’s color rendering index (CRI) can be raised or lowered within a given range. The maximum depends on the source, while the minimum depends on the designated CCT. This is accomplished by gradually reducing the red component of a red, blue, green and either yellow or amber mix.

While the primary benefit of modulating CCT is

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aesthetics, the primary benefit of modulating CRI is energy savings. As CRI declines, luminous efficacy increases. This creates a potential energy savings opportunity in spaces that must remain illuminated at full output and constant CCT while unoccupied.

David L. Bay, LC, corporate engineer for OSRAM SYLVANIA, sees airport concourses as a potential application for this novel control strategy.

The lights must remain ON and at full output at night for safety, though for much of the night large parts of the

concourse may be unoccupied.

CCT must be maintained because changing CCT would be objectionable from an aesthetic point of view.

In this application, the lighting in the main circulation spaces would be zoned to operate at full output and specified CCT and CRI. Lighting in peripheral areas would be separately zoned, with CRI reduced based on occupancy or a schedule.

“CRI modulation would be suitable for applications with certain characteristics,” Bay says. “Notably,

applications where maintaining high lux levels for safety or other reasons is important, and where the space is granularly occupied at different times of the day.”

Actual energy savings would depend on the application, though Bay believes at least 10% would be typical, and up to 25+% has been demonstrated. Another question is whether occupants would find a change in CRI objectionable.

In 2005, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) conducted a study in an open office and two private office spaces at the institute’s Media Lab. The researchers wanted to know how far CRI could be reduced before occupants noticed the change and/or found it objectionable.

Eight OSRAM SYLVANIA LED panels were installed in the ceiling of the

open office and two each in the private offices. These LED panels were color tunable and of an experimental design. CCT was maintained at 5000K, light levels at about 30 footcandles.

The study participants—13 graduate students with no prior knowledge of the study—were asked to perform tasks in the spaces. While they were working, CRI was adjusted over a period of three seconds from 89 to 68. Shortly afterwards, a popup questionnaire appeared on their screen asking what activity they were doing and whether they noticed the change.

Three hundred twenty of these queries received responses; of these, 203 responses (63%) indicated a change had not been noticed. Changes were more likely to be noticed when occurring in the immediate area or simultaneously in

the immediate and peripheral areas.

Changes were least likely to be noticed when they occurred solely in a peripheral area.

“Experience suggests CRI modulation within an occupied space will not be well accepted,” Bay notes.

“The concept of CRI dimming is currently founded on modulating CRI of unoccupied spaces adjacent to occupied spaces.”

CRI modulation was considered a good potential if not practical strategy at the time of the study. LED technology has made significant advances since then, making it practical. Still, Bay notes, the requirements of color-mixing LEDs and granular zoning poses a cost that challenges economic viability.

As LED technology continues to progress, however, CRI modulation may become viable from an

economic as well as a technological standpoint.

Bay sees CRI modulation being paired with another potential control strategy, which is using LED general lighting as an indicator.

For example, peripheral lighting in a private office could automatically adjust to become red when the occupant is on the phone, both saving energy while indicating the occupant should not be disturbed.

This potential has many applications.

“Color tuning has opened a vast potential in lighting design and application, and we are just beginning to pioneer,” Bay says.

“While these applications focus on aesthetics with some interest in circadian health, this extraordinary emerging dimension of lighting control may also be used to maximize energy savings.”

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Jim Brodrick on the Connected Lighting Trend

by Jim Brodrick, SSL Program Manager, U.S. Department of Energy

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s we mentioned in these Postings a few weeks ago, the biggest takeaway from this year’s LIGHTFAIR® International was the prevalence of connected products, and the fact that sensors and controls seemed to be everywhere the eye could see.

All of this was evidence of the sea change that’s taking place within the field of lighting, courtesy of SSL. Whereas lighting has been viewed since Edison’s day as a relatively one-dimensional commodity that illuminates spaces, the advent of SSL has created growing recognition within the industry that lighting can fulfill a multiplicity of functions and doesn’t have to be static and unchanging.

While it’s clear from what we saw at LIGHTFAIR that manufacturers are already embracing this idea and are starting to design their products accordingly, it’s not yet clear whether building owners and lighting designers will be as enthusiastic about those products.

Infrastructure changes do not happen overnight.

Conventional lighting is typically static and unchanging — not by choice, but because of its technological limitations. But SSL is not subject to many of those limitations, such as warmup time — which is opening up whole new dimensions to lighting that were unimaginable a few years back.

Unlike other lighting technologies, SSL can be designed so that it’s

controllable across multiple characteristics — not just lumen output, but also CCT, chromaticity, and even beam angle. SSL’s microelectronic nature makes it not only physically possible, but also economically feasible, to integrate sensors, intelligence, network interfaces, and other functionality that can boost overall energy efficiency and offer a range of other potential benefits and services as well.

There’s widespread agreement that SSL — driven by maintenance and energy savings — will eventually become the dominant technology for most lighting applications.

Concurrently, lighting could even become the platform for the Internet of Things, which offers a way to connect a wide range of electronic devices to communication networks and is expected to make possible an unprecedented exchange of data.

That data exchange will facilitate the development of higher-performing algorithms, which could enable better device and system performance as well as data-driven energy management of lighting and other building systems.

And SSL fits into that picture like a piece to a jigsaw puzzle: light sources are ubiquitous in the built environment, making it possible to build out a dense web of data collection points by integrating sensors into those sources.

Of course, there are a number of

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hurdles that need to be overcome for solid-state lighting to fulfill its potential in this regard — most of them centering on incorporating it, along with control technologies, into the built environment. But given the challenges SSL has met to date, it’s likely to only be a matter of time before we see these things happening on a wide scale.

Solid-state lighting is still at a relatively early stage of its development, with

the best yet to come. It wasn’t long ago that telephones were strictly for talking, whereas today they’re sophisticated minicomputers.

If you take a step back and look at what’s happening across the industry, you’ll see that lighting, too, is becoming vastly different from what it was before — and that even the catchphrase “it’s not your grandfather’s lightbulb anymore” has taken on whole new layers of meaning.

Light Express | November-December 2015 | 23

It’s All About Control: Smart Lighting

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ndustry leaders from around the globe predicted the next evolution in controls and warned that the lighting controls market is in danger of getting usurped by other industries.

is that they do not require a driver or transformer like Zigbee.

According to a Berg Insight Smart Home report, it is estimated that 36 million homes in Europe and North America will be “smart” by 2017.

Home-Lighting-Automation Just as the type of light sources gaining dominance over the past 10 years has changed rapidly from incandescent to compact fluorescent to LED, the controls market is undergoing a similar revolution.

At the Hong Kong International Lighting Fair, experts from leading lighting companies participated in a panel discussion on the topic. For example, Megaman went from offering entirely CFL in 2009 to an overwhelming proportion of LED products today. “This is what’s happening in the whole industry,” noted Fred Bass, Managing Director for Neonlite, the brand owner of MEGAMAN® products in the UK. “We’ve changed our channels to market.”

With the LED revolution has come another shift: lighting products and controls used to be separate entities, but now they are being combined into one product. This whole idea of “smart lighting” – where lighting is linked to a mobile device – has been spreading like wildfire.

Whether it’s the surging popularity of Casambi – a third-party platform based on the dual-protocol Nordic nRF51822 SoC and designed to take smart lighting mainstream by integrating with LED smart bulbs, drivers, and lighting fixtures – or Osram’s Lightify (featured in last month’s edition of enLIGHTenment Magazine), or Philips’ Hue (which sold out in Germany within hours of being available on the market), the mass consumer public is embracing Bluetooth-enabled lighting controls.

One of the advantages of Bluetooth controls, according to the panelists,

More importantly, there are consolidations and mergers occurring in the technology sector that will impact the lighting controls industry. For one thing, “controls” are encompassing a wide variety of functions that include heating and security. When Google bought Nest Labs for $3.2 billion (cash!) early last year, the news resonated with lighting industry leaders.

“It’s possible – and very likely – that tech companies and not the lighting controls companies will be influencing the future of lighting controls,” one panelist said.

Following the success of Hue in Europe and in the U.S., there are a host of companies on Philips’ heels, ready to launch RGB-changing Wi-Fi bulbs for residential and light commercial (i.e. restaurants, boutiques) purposes.

“Lighting controls represents approximately two percent of the global lighting market, but no one really knows the exact amount for sure,” Bass admitted. Determining what constitutes “controls” can be vague. “Just putting in a simple control can save energy by 30 percent,” he said. “However, with the lighting market increasing by billions of dollars, [intelligent lighting] has become a real opportunity,” Bass noted.

All of the recent activity regarding mergers and acquisitions in the “Internet of Things” (IoT) sector is creating a paradigm shift. In August 2014, Samsung bought SmartThings, which, for those unfamiliar with the brand, promises consumers they can “control and monitor your home from one simple app.” Once a

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homeowner has the SmartThings Hub and free app, they can add as many devices as they want to “customize their smart home.”

Among the devices that the SmartThings Hub controls are: thermostats, open & close window/ door sensor, panic button, moisture sensor, wall outlets, smoke detector, smoke/carbon dioxide alarm, water valve shut-off, door lock and deadbolts, fan controller, motion sensor, plus lamps and lighting fixtures.

Simon Coombes, Chief Technology Officer for Gooee® presented a macro view of smart lighting and future technologies during the panel discussion. [Gooee is an M2M (machine to machine) and IoT technology business and systems integrator focused on the design, engineering, and supply of hardware, software, and data management components across the LED lighting value chain.]

“The lighting industry is in a perfect storm of opportunity,” Coombes

stated. “LED lighting is forecast to be a $100 billion business by 2020 and we’re seeing an influx of capital into controls. Lighting is the Trojan horse into the [smart] home environment; it is more ubiquitous than any other device. Large multi-stack organizations are getting a marketshare of the control and home automation market and software will be a key element in lighting going forward.”

While the IoT is relevant to smart lighting and appropriate software is critical, Coombes noted that the most important component will be the cooperation among companies to agree on a standard with the goal of creating greater interoperability.

“We need mass adoption to realize this opportunity,” he said. “We’re

not just talking about lighting, but every appliance you want to control.

Lighting is just part of a [larger] system.”

According to a Berg Insight Smart Home report, it is estimated that 36 million homes in Europe and North America will be “smart” by 2017.

The greater use of Radio Frequency (RF) will allow for mass adoption of the technology because no rewiring is needed.

“These [technology] mergers and acquisitions will be part of going forward with mass adoption,” Coombes remarked. “Right now, it’s not easy to be compatible with everything.” Max Yue of Cree cited a statistic that estimates 25 billion

devices will be inter-connected in 2020, with 7 billion of that number being comprised of smart phones.

“This means a lot more people will be using data,” he affirmed. “Two years ago, I was [using my devices] to check email. Now you can watch movies [via] live streaming. That’s a lot of data usage! The industry has to prepare for 1,000x growth, and it’s difficult to add the capacity to handle all that data.”

Yue proposed that with LED lighting, we will be able to do much more such as data communication and LiFi experimentation. [Li-Fi, a term coined by Prof. Harald Haas during his TED Global talk, is bidirectional, high-speed and fully networked wireless communications similar to

like Wi-Fi, but using light..

With all of these various communication methods being used globally, the panelists agree that we are in the midst of a format war.

“There needs to be standardization, perhaps from someone further upstream, to build an infrastructure for lighting companies to [have as a system],” Coombes said. “Until there is standardization, I think it will be frustrating.”

Bass likened the situation to the battle between VHS and Betamax.

“Will this be a Betamax problem?

Can there only be one winner?

There are so many players involved,” he commented.

Light Express | November-December 2015 | 25

With LED Lights, Automakers Reveal All the Road We Cannot See

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UTOMOTIVE lighting is undergoing a quiet revolution, leading to new vehicle designs and providing enhanced nighttime safety. But while many of the innovations have become common in Europe and Asia, they have been slower to arrive in the United States.

The changes are made possible primarily through the increased use of LED lamps, the same technology used in the newest generation of home lighting. LED lamps are smaller, run cooler and use less energy than standard automotive lamps.

“LEDs let us package light in smaller spaces, so we can create a signature look,” said Shannen Borngesser, an exterior lighting engineer for General Motors.

Headlights and taillights can now be constructed in different shapes and patterns that, much like a car’s tail fins in the 1960s, immediately identify a particular make and model.

Even to the untrained eye, there is no mistaking the front of an Audi with its sharply angled LED daytime lights, the four circles of a BMW’s headlight system or the vertical red strip of a Cadillac Escalade’s rear lights and white blades of its headlights.

Behind the scenes, and mostly in other countries, manufacturers are developing new ways to use light to make nighttime driving safer. By combining LED lamps with cameras, a vehicle’s headlights can be more than just a set of low and high beams, and instead continuously alter their light patterns to exactly fit the immediate road conditions.

An early version of this system has been offered by Opel, G.M.’s European division, in several models for 12 years. Its current version, AFL

Plus (for “adaptive forward lighting plus”) determines the condition of the road and, using a rotating drum inside a xenon headlamp, creates nine variations of the beam pattern.

But it’s the increased use of LED lamps that is allowing manufacturers to fine-tune this technology. Given an LED’s smaller size, cars can pack more bulbs into each headlight, each of which can then be turned on and off to create unique light patterns based on road conditions and the amount of oncoming traffic.

This ensures that other drivers are never blinded by oncoming headlights, while the driver of the vehicle using the system receives an optimal view of the road.

Opel’s AFL Plus system using LEDs will be introduced this summer; it will be able to create 256 beam patterns, said Ingolf Schneider, Opel’s director of lighting technology.

Audi, the luxury division of Volkswagen, has been a leader in lighting technology. Its highperformance R8 includes an optional laser high beam. And five of its sedan and sport utility vehicle models can be bought with an LEDbased high-beam matrix headlight.

The system is so good at not shining light on vehicles traveling ahead of it that the high beam can remain on and adjust itself, even if eight cars are in front.

But American drivers have yet to see the benefits of the new technology.

When those cars are sold in the United States, all those models are fitted with standard headlights.

Regulations in the United States specify that headlights must create a specific pattern. While they can rotate when a car turns a corner, the

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pattern is not allowed to change shape. Because of restrictions like these, “lighting advances are coming from Europe and Japan,” said Stephan Berlitz, Audi’s head of lighting technology.

While Chrysler doesn’t offer vehicles with LED headlights, it is interested in creating a matrix high-beam system similar to Audi’s.

“The industry is very excited by the adaptive driving beam,” said Dennis Novack, the development lead for exterior lighting for Fiat Chrysler.

Manufacturers see other technologies eventually creating even more efficient, attractive and safe lighting.

Opel is in the early stages of testing headlights that will respond to a driver’s eye movements, which are tracked by an in-vehicle camera.

Algorithms and exterior cameras will ensure that a beam’s pattern and direction do not change every time drivers look at billboards or their feet. The system won’t be available for at least five years, Ms. Borngesser said.

Audi conceives of a time when headlights will be able to project patterns, like a foot path on the road to help a pedestrian cross a dark street, or lines to the left and right of a vehicle as it passes through a construction zone, allowing the driver to get a better sense of the size of the constricted road, Mr. Berlitz said.

And while LED lamps have migrated to a vehicle’s rear, creating bright sheets of brake lights, turn signals and taillights that illuminate almost instantaneously, car manufacturers and designers are entranced by the possibilities of OLED, or organic light emitting diode, technology.

OLED light can be manufactured in

thin sheets, giving designers the ability to place light wherever on the car’s body they desire. And because OLED light sources take up so little room, vehicle space could be freed up for other uses or to create other shapes.

Still, the use of OLED light sources is years off, because the technology is stymied by current low light output and high cost.

To encourage the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to change its rules regarding matrix high beams, the Society of Automotive Engineers has been working for over a year to create a set of standards that the government agency could then use as a basis for rule-making changes. Last year, Audi brought a European version of its A8 sedan to the United States to demonstrate its technology to government officials.

But approval, if it happens, will most likely take years, officials say, because changing American lighting regulations is an elaborate and slow process involving testing, public comments and rule making. Once approved, manufacturers then have to fit the changes into their production schedules. “We’re looking at ways to amend the lighting standard to allow systems to provide even better lighting,” said Gordon Trowbridge, a spokesman for the agency. “It’s a frustrating and time-consuming process. We have an obligation that the U.S. government not act rashly.”

LG Chem Launches New 406x50mm Flexible OLED Light Panel

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G Chem has launched a new flexible OLED light panel in the size of 406x50mm, which is about twice the size of current 200x50mm OLED light panel. LG Chem had previously introduced the plastic-based 200x50mm flexible panel followed by the sample price offer announcement in January 2015. “Based on the customer feedbacks, that flexibility in design rises with the increase in length of the flexible OLED light panel, we decided to introduce the longer version,� said Park Sung-Soo, Vice President of the OLED light business at LG Chem.

The new 406x50mm flexible OLED light panels (P6SD models) are 0.41mm think with 20,000 hours of lifetime. Also, the new flexible panels have efficacy of 50lm/W with CRI of 85. The panels show light uniformity of 70% and above across the panel.

About LG Chem LG Chem, located in Seoul, South Korea, is an OLED light panel manufacturer which provides OLED light panels in a variety of shapes and sizes. Ten different models are available with two different color temperatures, which deliver high color rendering levels (CRI>90) as well as achieving high luminance, high efficacy and long lifespan. For more information, please visit the website at www.lgoledlight.com and the Facebook page at www.facebook.com/lgoledlight.

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Light Express | November-December 2015 | 33

Wireless Lighting Control Comes of Age

BY CRAIG DILOUIE

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ypical automatic lighting control applications involve an input device, such as a photosensor, interacting with a power controller, such as a switch. In some cases, these components may be integrated into the same device, as in the case of a wall-box occupancy sensor. In other cases, the components are installed separately, as in the case of a ceiling-mount occupancy sensor and a wall switch.

buildings without changing existing wiring or adding new dedicated control wiring. This is particularly advantageous in outdoor lighting and in indoor spaces featuring hard ceilings. The latest commercial building energy codes require automatic shutoff for retrofits in which 10+ percent of the connected lighting load is replaced.

Wireless offers an option that is potentially less costly, simpler and less disruptive.

For these separately installed components to interact, the input device must send a control signal to the controller, which then controls the load. The predominant traditional approach is to send a control signal along dedicated low-voltage wiring.

A more recent approach, which is emerging as a popular option particularly for lighting upgrades in existing buildings, is to communicate using radio waves—radiofrequency (RF) wireless control.

It can also simplify installation in new construction, promoted by the added benefit of being able to more easily move sensors and thereby fine-tune control performance during both commissioning and ongoing building operations.

The value proposition is short and sweet—using radio waves instead of wiring eliminates wiring, with multiple potential benefits.

“The primary benefit of wireless RF lighting controls is that they can be retrofitted into a space at any time and can be easily scaled as needs change,” says Eric Lind, Vice President-Global Specifications, Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. “Existing buildings can now take advantage of energy savings and occupant benefits associated with wireless lighting controls without the need for a total building makeover.”

The result is a potentially lower cost for introducing automatic lighting control strategies into existing

RF wireless controls consist of actuators and input devices. The actuator is the power controller, a relay-based device that provides ON/OFF switching and 0-10VDC fullrange dimming. The actuator features an embedded wireless receiver that accepts radio signals within range from transmitters in wireless input devices, which may be occupancy/ vacancy sensors, photosensors and switch stations. It then acts upon those signals within its set rules.

The input device may be powered by an internal battery or by harvesting energy (based on EnOcean’s technology) from ambient light, temperature differential or mechanical energy produced by flipping a switch. If the device is batteryoperated, it should feature a highquality battery that provides reliability and long service life. It should also be matched to the most efficient devices to maximize the amount of time before a battery charge is

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required. The actuator is typically installed in or on a luminaire or in a junction box. The input devices are installed wherever they’re needed.

During setup, all devices are discovered and added to a programmable network, where they’re grouped and given assignments. Setup methods vary by manufacturer and include

pushbutton programming, bar code scanning, mobile app setup, database generation and others.

“Wireless RF lighting control primarily got its start in the residential market,” says Mike Crane, Senior Product Manager, Hubbell Building Automation, Inc. “With the creation of robust and reliable radio-based

technologies like ZigBee, EnOcean and SNAP, developing and providing commercial solutions is now possible. Although the technology has been around for a while and the demand is increasing, we are still at the very early stages of adoption within the commercial market.” Some manufacturers have developed niche solutions around

specific applications such as parking garages, outdoor lighting, hotel card switches, plug-load controls and others. Some specialize in indoor versus outdoor lighting. As the technology continues to develop and gain acceptance, manufacturers are expected to begin to increasingly offer one-stop shopping covering a wide range of indoor and

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outdoor applications. Leading this trend are LED luminaire manufacturers that have begun to offer complete systems featuring luminaires with integral wireless control and push-button setup for simplified commissioning.

This provides intelligent individual luminaire control, streamlines the amount of equipment required, and offers confidence that all elements of the wireless LED lighting system are compatible and will work together properly.

“LED luminaires with integrated RF lighting controls and sensors are helping specifiers and installers eliminate extra design work and redundant equipment, while maximizing energy savings,” says Tom Hinds, Product Portfolio Manager, Lighting, Cree, Inc. “Integrated solutions attack not only the wasted electrical energy in buildings but the costs typically associated with designing and installing lighting controls.

Advances in automating commissioning and simplifying the process help systems get set up correctly and quicker.”

Devices can be tied together to form a network for control of lighting in large rooms and even buildings.

Each control device is individually addressable in the network, allowing group and potentially individual luminaire control. Solutions can be scaled from single rooms to entire buildings, with building-level control achieved by connecting rooms to a building network via wireless access points with a software interface.

Because communication is twoway, the potential exists for energy measurement and power monitoring. In fact, many systems now include actuators and/or control modules that feature a Hall Effect sensor, which senses current and allows generation of current, voltage, energy, kVAh, lamp burn time and other parameters for retrieval and analysis.

RF wireless lighting control networks typically use a self-healing mesh or star topology. In a self-healing mesh network, data flows between

devices to communicate between a gateway and a given control point. If a device fails, the signal flow automatically reroutes through other devices (“self healing”), which increases reliability.

In a star topology, signals from all wireless devices are transmitted directly to and from a series of gateways that form the backbone of the network. The relatively low signal traffic volume may increase reliability and speed.

For devices to communicate, they require design in accordance with a common protocol. Popular protocols include ZigBee, Xbee, EnOcean, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE and the Synapse Network Appliance Protocol (SNAP).

A number of systems are also offered that use proprietary protocols, many of which are similar to ZigBee. The wireless controls can be integrated with wired lighting and building automation systems using either gateways (for translating from one protocol to another) or by sharing a common protocol.

Crane says security is not a significant issue, as multiple security measures are taken to prevent hacker intrusion and interference from other wireless signals. He does advise that a sufficient number of devices be installed within range to ensure good communication.

“One of the challenges with wireless lighting controls is making sure that devices are within radio range of the other devices in the wireless network,” he says. “If a device is out of range then there exists the possibility that the device will never be able to communicate with other devices.

“RF wireless lighting controls will change the way you view lighting and will increase your bottom line,” says Hinds. “Energy efficiency will continue to be a top priority for cutting costs, and with energy representing 30 percent of the typical office building’s costs, LED lighting with RF lighting controls will get you there.”

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Light Express | November-December 2015 | 37

Green Proving Ground Program Studies Advanced Wireless Lighting Controls A traditional lighting control design deploys manual switches and simple controls such as load scheduling to control large zones of luminaires. Even when occupancy sensors are installed, these devices are typically assigned to large control zones.

Increasingly stringent commercial building energy codes have made control zoning more granular.

Emerging control strategies such as daylight harvesting (daylightresponsive lighting) became recognized based on proven effectiveness, resulting in a layering of strategies. Additionally, smaller control zones generally increase responsiveness, flexibility and energy savings. However, individual luminaire control, with a lighting controller installed in each luminaire, increases equipment costs.

The greatest potential to save energy is with advanced lighting control systems that feature three capabilities. First, all applicable control strategies can be layered in a hierarchy of control zones. Second, zoning can be precisely matched to the application, potentially resulting in a mix of larger zones with zones as small as individual luminaires, which increases responsiveness while allowing personal control of overhead general lighting. Third, these systems provide a central mechanism for calibration, sophisticated programming, measuring and monitoring.

Wireless lighting control systems are now available that are designed to simplify installation while potentially reducing material and labor costs associated with control wiring, making highly granular zoning more cost-effective. Radio-frequency (RF) wireless controls originally gained popularity in the residential market.

They entered the commercial market

after technological improvements and the development of wireless mesh network standards. As such, RF wireless is a relatively young technology in commercial lighting control, albeit one with significant potential.

The General Services Administration (GSA), the agency responsible for Federal real estate management and products and services procurement support, studied deployment of advanced RF wireless control systems in two Federal buildings.

The study, conducted by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for the agency’s Green Proving Ground (GPG) program, sought to quantify the performance of wireless lighting systems.

Two buildings were selected for installation. One is the 16-story Appraisers Federal Building (San Francisco, CA), the other the 8-story Moss Federal Building (Sacramento, CA).

The Appraisers Federal Building consisted mostly of open office spaces with some private offices and other spaces. Occupancy sensors and manual switches were already installed before the study.

The GPG study included an LED luminaire retrofit combined with wireless controls, and with one controller per luminaire allowing individual luminaire control.

The Moss Federal Building also consisted mostly of open office spaces with some private offices, corridors and meeting spaces. Each space already had manual switches and/or occupancy sensors, and in some cases, time scheduling systems. The GPG study saw installation of wireless controls with existing fluorescent luminaires in three locations on two floors, with

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multiple luminaires assigned to luminaire-based controllers.

At both locations, control software was used to assign luminaires to control zones that typically included four to six luminaires. Photosensors were installed in control zones configured within perimeter daylight zones. Wireless occupancy sensors

were installed, typically one per control zone. In private offices, an occupancy sensor, dimmer-switch and, if the office had a window, a photosensor were installed. The system was then tied to an Internet server enabling facility operators to program and monitor the lighting using a web-based interface. The LBNL researchers studied each site

before and after the retrofit, which included site visits, energy measuring, photometric study (light levels and color quality) and occupant satisfaction surveys. A month of performance data was collected for luminaires in three control zones, one in Appraisers and two in Moss, so as to estimate average lighting power density and annual energy

consumption. This formed the baseline. Various lighting scenarios were then implemented and monitored to identity energy savings resulting from various control scenarios.

Key findings: • Advanced wireless lighting control

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resulted in estimated 32.3% lighting energy savings at the Appraisers Federal Building.

• Advanced wireless lighting control resulted in estimated 32.8% average lighting energy savings at the three sites in the Moss Federal Building.

The lowest energy savings (9%) were at one site at Moss, with savings mostly produced by reducing after-hours operation of the lighting. Energy savings were dampened by programming that kept the luminaires at a dimmed (20%) level during periods of no occupancy, as opposed to previously being turned OFF by occupancy sensors. The highest energy savings were at the other two Moss sites, 42 and 47%, which was produced by a combination of after-hours lighting reduction, institutional tuning and daylight dimming.

At Appraisers, the LED luminaire retrofit reduced lighting power density by 55%, from 0.97W/sq.ft. to 0.44W/sq.ft. Total energy savings, including the wireless controls, increased savings to about 69%.

The LBNL researchers were able to disaggregate the performance of various control scenarios. In one Appraisers location, relative to a basic time-based control strategy, occupancy sensors were found to produce 22% energy savings, with an additional 10% for institutional tuning and 7% for daylight harvesting (noting daylight harvesting was implemented on about a third of the luminaires in this group). In all, advanced wireless controls were estimated to save about 39% lighting energy compared to time-scheduling control.

The researchers concluded, “Overall, this study found that implementing advanced wireless control systems can save significant lighting energy.”

They noted that savings are not guaranteed, being dependent on baseline control conditions, such as whether an existing system already has occupancy sensors installed, and baseline site conditions, such as prevalence of daylight.

At Appraisers, the LED lighting system with advanced wireless controls reduced average light levels from about 57 to 37 footcandles, which was found to be satisfactory as it was above the 30 footcandles deemed appropriate for the tasks performed in the space. The occupant satisfaction surveys found occupants perceived the new lighting conditions and control performance favorably, with overall comfort increasing.

At Moss, average light levels remained fairly consistent before and after the upgrade. Occupant satisfaction, however, was slightly reduced after the retrofit in terms of perception of comfort, light levels and control performance. The researchers believe that fluorescent lamp failures resulting from the lamps not being properly seasoned prior to dimming (see NEMA-LSD23-2010), coupled with commissioning errors and existing wired occupancy sensors applying legacy zoning onto new workstation and controls layouts, may have influenced these results. Use of wireless occupancy sensors could have improved the control performance, as wireless sensors can be relocated easily without rewiring to better align with new workstation layouts.

In a retrofit situation, the project must carry the entire installed cost of the control system, though if luminaires are replaced, installation labor can be economized. In a new construction scenario, return on investment is based on the incremental cost of the new controls over an energy code-compliant solution. The LBNL researchers concluded, “With paybacks ranging from 3 to 6 years, adding wireless advanced lighting controls to lighting projects is a compelling opportunity in new construction and major renovation.”

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Note for Conference on ‘Make in India: Bright Prospects of LED Manufacturing’ on 14th August 2015 India’s Electronics Industry. He said that the electronics industry today has become extremely vital and a key driver for India’s economic growth. He apprised the delegates of the current scenario of Indian Electronics Industry which stood at US$ 69.6 billion in the year 2012 which is 3.5% of the global electronics market. It is expected to reach US $400 Billion by year 2020.

Inaugural Session - Left to Right:Shri D K Nayyar,Deputy Director General – Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards;Mr. R P Jhalani,Chairman,Committee on Electronics and Engineering Goods, PHD Chamber ;Mr. Alok B. Shriram,President,PHD Chamber;Dr. Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Electronics and Information Technology(DEITY),Ministry of Communications and IT, Government of India and Mr. Vivek Seigell,Director,PHD Chamber releasing a report on LED Imports and Exports in India.

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HD Chamber in association with Department of Electronics and Information Technology(DEITY), Ministry of Communications and IT organized a Conference on Make n India: Bright Prospects of LED Manufacturing’ on 14th August 2015 at PHD House, New Delhi. The objective of the Conference was to boost domestic LED Manufacturing in India especially in rural areas where the concept of LED has not set in as widely as it has in urban India. The Conference also deliberated on how LED Technology in future can become the primary source of lighting in India.

The Conference was presided over

by Dr. Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY), Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India.Shri D K Nayyar, Deputy Director General – Standards, Bureau

of Indian Standards (BIS) delivered the Special Guest for the Inaugural Session.

In the Opening remarks Mr. Vivek Seigell, Director, PHD Chamber threw light on the current scenario of the Indian Electronics and in particular LED Industry. He mentioned that the Electronics imports to India grew at 26% in 2014-15 to $22.14 billion from $17.59 billion in 2013-14. He mentioned that Electronics exports from India witnessed a negative growth of 20 % at $ 2.09 billion in 2014-15 from $2.61 billion in 201314. He added that the LED imports in India grew at 69.2% to $222.3 million in 2014-15 from $131.35 million in 2013-14 and LED exports from India grew at 22.6% to $13.25 million in 2013-14.

Mr. Alok B. Shriram, President, PHD Chamber, while delivering the welcome address emphasized on

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Mr. Alok Shriram also stressed on LED segment which was gaining prominence worldwide and also in India. He suggested that more focus should be given on use of LED products can greatly reduce the power burden for the Government.

The President pitched for lower certification fee or charges to obtain BIS standards especially for MSME segment specifically electronics industry as the current charges are very high.

Mr. Shriram appreciated the initiatives taken up by Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY) especially the ‘Digital India’ Program which was launched by the Government of

India in July and reiterated that such initiatives would help bolster the domestic manufacturing, Dr. Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY), Ministry of Communication and IT, Government of India in his Inaugural Address said that the LED vertical has emerged as a key player in the Indian Electronics Market. He mentioned that the recent growth of LED technology in India is just the tip of iceberg. He said that apart from institutional and commercial demand, retail demand for LEDs has also increased substantially.

Dr. Ajay Kumar listed 3 factors which would be crucial for development of LED Technology • New Programs of the Government of India like ‘Smart India’,’ Digital India’ are driving the demand • Economic Development of India will also push a lot of people towards the technology • Rural Areas will generate significant demand as the energy consumption is less Dr. Ajay Kumar stressed that India

Left to Right: Shri D K Nayyar,Deputy Director General – Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards(BIS);Mr. R P Jhalani,Chairman,Committee on Electronics and Engineering Goods, PHD Chamber ;Mr. Alok B. Shriram,President,PHD Chamber;Mr. Vivek Seigell,Director,PHD Chamber and Dr. Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Electronics and Information Technology(DEITY),Ministry of Communications and IT, Government of India during the Inaugural Session.

Address at Inaugural Session. He said that if India has to follow National Manufacturing Policy then it must keep momentum of growth in manufacturing sectors as to achieve 25% share in national GDP by year 2022. He said that of late there has been considerable improvement in manufacturing of Electronics Sector with ‘Make in India’ program of the current Government already acting as a catalyst.

Left to Right: Mr. Alok B Shriram, President, PHD Chamber presenting a memento to Dr. Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY), Ministry of Communications and IT, Government of India during the Inaugural Session

must not limit itself to foreign designed LEDs and must focus on designing LEDs in India specific to requirements of Indian Consumer.

He elaborated that Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modiji has put an equal focus for ‘Design in India’ along with ‘Make in India’ campaign.

The LEDs have also evolved with respect to design in the last 5-7 years by using different materials.

venture capitalists to fund electronic manufacturing.

• Setting up of National Centre for Flexible Electronics (where LEDs would be an important vertical)at IIT Kanpur.They would be taking up projects only if industry is included as a partner.

• Joint Collaborative Research Grants for a company jointly working with a foreign company can also get financial support from DEITY.

Shri Nayyar said that LEDs are most efficient lighting source free of toxic materials and also no disposal issues of fluorescent lamps. He mentioned that LEDs are having a big impact in the overall manufacturing of electronic products and has wide applications ranging from television receivers, laptops, computers, display devices and most importantly lighting. He also said that in the past few years LED based lighting have emerged as a credible, energy efficient, long lasting and low maintenance alternative for real world and commercial applications.Shri Nayyar said that BIS has an important role to play when it comes to developing LEDs with higher reflectance leading to improved efficiency.

Dr. Ajay Kumar said that the electronics manufacturing scenario today is much better as compared to past 5 years. He said that in the past one year Rs 1,10,000 crore of investments for electronics manufacturing have been committed under M-SIPS (Modified Special Incentives Package Scheme) scheme of the Department of Electronics and Information Technology(DEITY).He further said that DEITY has set an ambitious target of $100 billion investments by 2020.

He also added that it would be a watershed moment for India if Indian Companies which were not in Electronics Manufacturing started to participate in the Electronics Manufacturing.

Dr. Ajay Kumar sought active involvement of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) to check the imports of sub standard LEDs.He said that reducing inflow of sub standards LEDs will help the domestic manufacturer.

Shri D K Nayyar said that more than 100 standards have been released in the field of lighting and 15 directly related to LEDs.In addition BIS standards for LED display devices are also in place with standards on Photobiological safety requirements in the pipeline. Also another new initiative launched was Comprehensive National Lighting Code by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) which would act as a guideline document for manufacturers, lighting designers and users

He said that the Government has taken certain various measures to boost Electronics Manufacturing in India like

Dr. Ajay Kumar emphasized on Export Opportunities of LED products from India. He said that in order to boost Exports of LEDs from India DEITY had taken up the matter with Ministry of Commerce to also include Developed Countries in the purview of Market Access Initiatives (MAI) Scheme apart from Developing countries (currently). Shri D K Nayyar, Deputy Director General – Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards(BIS) gave a Special

He further explained the operating regulations at BIS which includes • The well known ISI mark Scheme • Self Declaration of Conformity that is a compulsory registration scheme where LED and LED luminaries are covered Shri Nayyar stressed on the need for LED products to be made affordable to common man.

He also sought participation form industry in setting up national standards and mentioned that Indian LED Manufacturing sector can

• Extension of M-SIPS for 5 years.

Also the new M-SIPS scheme has removed or simplified various sticky clauses to further boost the investor sentiment.

• Electronics Development Fund (EDF) will become operational from next month onwards to support

immensely gain through compliance of standards. Shri Nayyar assured that Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in association with all stakeholders will work together to provide necessary platform and requisite support in achieving the larger objective of achieving growth with consumer satisfaction.

Mr. R P Jhalani, Chairman, Committee on Electronics and Engineering Goods, PHD Chamber gave the Theme address at the Inaugural Session. He said that the global LED market stood at $20-billion market and it is growing at about 30 per cent CAGR. He mentioned that the market is going to grow for the next five to six years and is forecasted to reach $42.7 billion by year 2020.

He further elaborated that Indian LED Market is one of the fastest growing industries. He mentioned that industry has mainly been driven by factors such as falling prices of LED lights, increasing initiatives taken by the government and rising concerns with respect to energy conservation.

He also added that Indian LED market is pegged around $143 million (Rs 912 crore). Business is expected to grow at a whopping rate of 47.3 % between now and 2018 to touch $1.3 billion (8298 crore).

Mr. Jhalani suggested the government to promote the technology in rural areas where the concept of LED lighting has not completely set in.

He mentioned that it would also augur well with the private manufacturers which can cater to the demand for energy efficient lighting and thus a win –win scenario.

Mr. Vivek Seigell, Director, PHD Chamber presented the Vote of Thanks and thanked Dr. Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY), Ministry of Communication and IT, Government of India for his encouraging words with special reference to the Announcement of Electronics Development Fund (EDF) which could be in excess of Rs 10,000 Crores. He said that EDF would help in increasing investments in the electronics sector. He also

Light Express | November-December 2015 | 43

congratulated Dr. Ajay Kumar for attracting 1,10, 000 crore of investments through M-SIPS scheme of DEITY and expressed hope that DEITY would attract more investments through M-SIPS in the next 5 years.

Mr. Seigell thanked Shri D K Nayyar,Deputy Director General – Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards for providing inputs on the importance of standardization today’s scenario with respect to LEDs and how Bureau of Indian Standards can play an active role in the sector.

He also hoped that the conference would dwell upon issues related to domestic manufacturing of LEDs in India and the industry should try and work towards these solutions in order to promote and encourage manufacturing of LEDs in India especially in the rural markets.

Plenary Session The Plenary Session was moderated

by Mr. R .P Jhalani, Chairman, Committee on Electronics and Engineering Goods, PHD Chamber.

Other eminent speakers included Dr. Ashok Kumar, Energy Economist, Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE);Mr. Rakesh Saraf,Managing Director,Infodrive India;Mr. P K Sood,Chairman,Regnant Energy Solutions; Dr. Gautam Brahmbhatt, Head- Appliance, Lighting and Solar, Electrical Research Development Association (ERDA),Vadodara; Mr. Sandeep Garg,Chief Technical Specialist – Energy Efficiency Centre, Small Industries Development Bank of India(SIDBI) and Dr. Rajiv Kapoor,Professor and HOD, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University(DTU). Mr. Rakesh Saraf, Managing Director, Infodrive India Private Limited elaborated on the statistics of the LED Market. He expressed concern on the rising imports of LED products in India.Mr. Saraf mentioned that main source of LED imports was from China with a whopping share of 84% followed

by South Korea and Hong Kong with and 5.43 % and 2.4 % respectively. He was optimistic that in future there exists a huge

possibility for Import substitution and boosting exports by enhancing domestic manufacturing capabilities, infrastructure, marketing & sales eco System, Industry friendly Taxation and legal compliances.

Mr. P K Sood, Chairman, Regnant Energy Solutions stressed on the advantages of India like demographic dividend with 65% of population under age of 35.He pointed out that if utilized it can propel India to a ‘Manufacturing Hub’.Mr. Sood said that in order to promote energy efficient LED Technology fiscal benefits need to be provided like Lower Excise Duty, VAT and accelerated depreciation which will result in huge power savings for the country. He said that the Chinese Government has succeeded to promote LEDs by giving subsidies.Mr. Sood also suggested that product standards development and implementation must be fast tracked as it would help the local industry and consumer.

Mr. Sandeep Garg, Chief Technical Specialist – Energy Efficiency Centre, Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) focused on financing of LED Manufacturing in India. He said that MSMEs are vital for development of a country as it produces 45% of the total industrial manufacturing output and has a share of 40 % in the Indian Exports.Mr. Garg said that SIDBI has undertaken attractive schemes and has entered into partnership with Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) to promote cleaner and Energy Efficient investments in the MSME sector. He mentioned a new model launched by SIDBI called the 4E (End to End Energy Energy Efficiency) Solutions. Explaining the model he said that it would help MSME units to adopt energy efficient practices with the help of • Detailed Energy Audit(DEA) • Measurement and Verification for quantifying actual savings Mr. Sandeep Garg mentioned that LED technology has a major role to play for the benefits of 4E Model to reach MSME units and estimated that around 3000 MSME units will benefit from this model. Dr. Ashok Kumar, Energy Economist, Bureau of Energy

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Efficiency (BEE) elaborated on the important role of BEE in promoting the use of LED and Energy Efficient Technology. He said that Lighting consumes 18% of power in India as against 8-10 % in Developed Countries. He explained that the LED Market is set to grow exponentially in the coming decades and will be most sought after source of electricity in India.Dr. Ashok Kumar mentioned the initiatives carried out

by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) including the LED Village campaign to replace existing incandescent bulbs of households and streetlights in a village with LEDs. Also among the recently launched initiatives of BEE Dr. Kumar told about the Star Labeling Program for LED Lamps valid from 6th July 2015 till 31st December 2018.Explaining the initiative he said that the basic idea was to increase the consumer awareness with respect to the energy efficiency rating of LED lamp.

Dr. Rajiv Kapoor, Professor and HOD,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University(DTU) rooted for Industry–Academia Collaboration for boosting Manufacturing in India.He said that there should be continuous interaction between the small scale industry and academia to promote innovation. He added that instead of spending crores of money, small projects like in the range of Rs 5-10 lakh should be pursued with partnership of academic institutions.

He cited examples of institutions which are doing excellent research

for industries. He said that the ‘Skill India’ Initiative launched the Government is a good step and more innovative designs and products would come up in the field of electronics.Dr. Kapoor also suggested that indigenization of Electronics equipment/products must be done for the Indian Electronics Industry.

Dr. Gautam Brahmbhatt, HeadAppliance, Solar and Lighting, Electricty Research Development Association, Vadodara focused on the Importance of Testing and Conformance. He said LED technology has developed intensely over the last few years is a subject of intense research and development.

He said that LED luminaires are of greater significance today in the context of need for electrical energy conservation, longer life, and pollution control world over.Dr. Brahmbhatt added that the market is flooded with number of innovative LED luminaires, hence quality conformance and standardization becomes extremely important. He further elaborated on the safety, performance requirements for LED luminaires, Controlgears and Self Ballasted LED Lamps.

The Association Partners for the Conference were Indian Society of Lighting Engineers(ISLE) and LEDMA(LED Manufacturers Association).Media Partners for the Conference were Electronics Maker Magazine,EFY Group, LED World and Light Express Magazine.

Left to Right:Mr. Rakesh Saraf,Managing Director,Infodrive India;Dr. Rajiv Kapoor,Professor and HOD,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University;Dr. Ashok Kumar, Energy Economist, Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE);Mr. P K Sood,Chairman,Regnant Energy Solutions;Mr. R P Jhalani,Chairman,Committee on Electronics and Engineering Goods, PHD Chamber;Mr. Sandeep Garg,Chief Technical Specialist – Energy Efficiency Centre, Small Industries Development Bank of India(SIDBI);Dr. Gautam Brahmbhatt, Head –Appliance, Solar and Lighting, Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA) Vadodara and Mr. Vivek Seigell,Director,PHD Chamber during the Plenary Session

Brilliant, masterful and efficient – the relighting of Dussmann das KulturKaufhaus in Berlin

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stablished almost two decades ago, Dussmann das KulturKaufhaus in Berlin is now in the process of upgrading its instore design experience. At the heart of its modernised concept is a new lighting system with advanced ERCO LED lighting tools.

Describing itself as a department store selling culture, Dussmann das KulturKaufhaus on Berlin’s Friedrichstraße has become an institution of sorts – firmly established as a fixture in the city’s cultural landscape, it is, as well, a popular destination for shoppers. Opened in 1997 the store boasts a wide array of books, CDs, DVDs and sheet music on around 7,000sqm divided over five floors. Unaffected by the current trend in retail business, the KulturKaufhaus is proud of a good growth rate, encouraging its management to decide that the time had come to upgrade the store’s interior. Light was to be central to the new concept.

As planning got under way in 2013, several lighting suppliers were invited to present their design solution on site in a mock-up. In the end, it was the quality and guaranteed longevity of ERCO luminaires, as well as their quick availability if ever substitutes were needed, that tipped the scales in favour of ERCO. The significant investment costs would easily be compensated by the efficiency of the ERCO lighting solution, explains Julia Claren, Managing Director of the KulturKaufhaus.

Read-intensive merchandise – a challenge for the lighting concept The refurbishment of Dussmann das KulturKaufhaus provided a challenge that required creativity and gave rise to a differentiated lighting concept.

Her main concern, says Julia Claren, was to use light to create a pleasant ambience for customers and staff,

but also to prioritise the presentation of merchandise on the shop floor.

Books and CDs, she explains, are products that shoppers like to examine and this must be possible without tiring influences. The right setting ensures that customers find what they need easily and feel welcome to browse. A critical aspect, therefore, was optimised visual comfort to facilitate reading, requiring light that offers precise colour rendering, efficient glare control and a consistent colour temperature. Ms. Claren also wanted the light in the store to subdivide the extensive space by defining separate zones that facilitate orientation and create hierarchies of attention.

With this in mind, the lighting concept was based on vertical illuminance to achieve optimal illumination of the considerable shelf space. Dynamic accent lighting with efficient ERCO spot and oval flood distribution sets off individual zones and merchandise displays. All throughout the store, the concept deploys just three luminaire ranges: Light Board and Logotec as well as Quintessence downlights. Each luminaire emits a pleasant, warm white light.

light, illuminating only and precisely the target surfaces with optimised illuminance levels as well as superior light quality. As well as demonstrating once more the power of light to draw attention instinctively onto the products, the meticulously aimed light contributes to a pleasant, almost homely atmosphere in the upgraded store.

Julia Claren insists that her expectations in regard to the new results have been “met to the fullest extent”. Once the renovations are finished, she adds, “I believe we will be the first department store in Germany to complete the migration to LED technology.” A pioneering role that leaves Dussmann das KulturKaufhaus with a sense of achievement, and rightly so.

About ERCO The ERCO Light Factory in the German town of Lüdenscheid is a leading international specialist in architectural lighting using LED technology. The family business, founded in 1934, now operates as a global player with independent sales organisations and partners in 55 countries worldwide.

Since 2015 ERCO’s portfolio has been 100% LED. Inspired by “light digital” as its leitmotif, ERCO in Lüdenscheid develops, designs and produces digital luminaires with focus on photometrics, electronics and design. Working closely with architects, lighting designers and engineers, ERCO develops lighting tools used primarily for applications in the following fields: Work, Shop, Culture, Community, Hospitality, Living, Public and Contemplation.

ERCO understands digital light as the fourth dimension of architecture – providing highly precise and efficient lighting solutions to support creative designers in turning their visions into reality.

A quantum leap: From monotonous light to perception-orientated illumination The new lighting solution at Dussmann das KulturKaufhaus is clearly a huge step forward, as the temporary, parallel operation of old and new lighting systems revealed during the renovation project. In its previous design, the KulturKaufhaus had followed the principle of brightness at all cost, resulting in diffuse and insufficiently differentiated light that failed to set off the diversity of products in all their detail. The new concept, meanwhile, enables a controlled use of Light Express | November-December 2015 | 45

Adapt the demand for heating, cooling and lighting

KNX automation makes buildings more efficient lighting, heating and cooling depends on both the building use and user behaviour. These are indefinite factors for determining the level of consumption which can scarcely be met using conventional methods.

However, with a dynamic management system, the energy usage can be optimally matched to demand during operation. Building automation with KNX offers the best preconditions for this. It ensures the economical use of energy and thus increases the energy efficiency of the building.

I

n light of climate change and increasingly scarce resources, the energy-efficient operation of buildings is gaining in importance.

Essential requirements for this are an energy-efficient architectural design, an insulated building exterior and modern installation engineering with a high level of efficiency. Ultimately, the consumption of energy for

Bus devices regulate and control the generated heating and cooling capacity in line with demand.

Lighting installations are operated more efficiently using sensors and timer programs. The integrated automation system spans all the trades and also enables links with daylight systems, sun protection systems, ventilation flaps and other systems whereby further energy-

46 | November-December 2015 | Light Express

saving potentials can be exploited.

Intelligent capture of consumption data (Smart Metering) as well as coupling with intelligent networks (Smart Grid) opens up new possibilities for further optimisation and increased energy efficiency both today and in the future.

Since the building system technology is available for the electrical installation, KNX functions guarantee savings in energy costs for artificial lighting, heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems as well as other loads. With the further development of the system which has already been in existence for 20 years, the open- and closed-looped control systems have been refined and thus increasingly better results are achieved.

Nowadays, the savings rates that have been achieved in practice are up to 60 percent and more for the lighting while up to 50 percent is possible for individual room control as a practical study shows. Of

course these types of comparisons assume a connection to conventional methods. In the case of renovations in which the building has been improved in terms of its energy efficiency and the installation engineering has been modernised, the control technology contributes to the efficiency gain by at least 5 to 20 percent.

As often occurs in practice, if optimisation of the energy consumption has only been carried out some time after the initial occupation of the building and after experiencing day-to-day operations, the concrete results are persuasive.

RAPID AMORTISATION In the case of at least two projects, direct investment costs for optimising the energy flow are amazingly low compared to the results. An amortisation was carried out immediately. This is linked to the integrated approach and multiple use of the system. Building

automation with KNX offers all kinds of benefits: a flexible electrical installation for changes of use and extensions, more efficiency in the management and maintenance of the building, increased security for material assets and people, a higher level of comfort and well-being in the workplace, both in public and residential buildings.

The management of energy savings is therefore only one of these. The total investment costs are thus spread across many benefits. Once the installations and functions have been integrated, further reductions in the energy consumption can often be achieved simply through programming, without the need for additional hardware and installations.

In the projects that have been put forward, almost all of them feature possible savings measures with KNX which often simultaneously serve comfort, safety and economical operational flow.

Switching off and dimming Saving energy means switching the light off when you don’t need it.

This sounds so simple but it is rarely achieved in practice in more extensive buildings with large numbers of people coming and going.

In office buildings, schools, factories, warehouses, hotels, car parks and many other buildings, artificial lighting is left switched on for many reasons. In the case of building automation with KNX, the duty cycle can for example be

adapted to the actual lighting requirement with the help of a timer program. This measure alone can achieve high savings which can be further optimised depending on the room use and building type, for example through using daylight and automatic cutoff when there is sufficient external brightness.

A further enhancement of the automation is constant lighting control which guarantees a comfortable lux value at the workplace through optimum use of daylight.

Presence-dependent and thus accurate demand-based control systems are increasingly being applied – ideal for staircases, corridors or other spontaneously used areas of the building. Lights with presence detectors can also be operated with increased energy efficiency in offices, schools etc.

Regulating the heating and cooling Electronic individual room temperature control promises a clear saving potential. It is therefore the most efficient method of using the heating and cooling energy generated via the heating system or air conditioning system. Demand-based energy use can be achieved via a timer program with a temperature profile or even via the presence signal.

As the temperature variables of all the rooms are available centrally throughout the KNX system, heating and cooling energy can be generated according to demand

and with a high level of efficiency.

In modern, purpose-built buildings with glass facades, fully-automatic sun protection systems are indispensable. Their primary tasks are shading and cooling to ensure the well-being of the people in the building. As these are likewise controlled with KNX, additional functions for improving the energy efficiency are provided in combination with room temperature control and lighting control.

For example: daylight redirection, use of solar energy in winter and automatic night cooling in the summer.

They then become elements of the room automation, are integrated with the blinds, room temperature control and ventilation and thus offer multiple benefits.

Light Express | November-December 2015 | 47

The worldwide standard for home and building control

Web visualization for display and operation of KNX plants IP Control Center – control of lighting, solar protection, heating, ventilation and air conditioning via web-compatible end devices

Ease of operation thanks to straightforward, full-graphic visualization The IP Control Center is a visualization controller of compact design. It features a freely configurable user interface, offering intuitive operation and display of KNX devices. Lighting, solar protection, heating, ventilation and air conditioning can be displayed via web-compatible end devices such as PCs, laptops, smart phones or tablets – matched to user profiles with different access authorities. To handle comprehensive building and room functions, up to 1250 KNX objects are available. In addition, there are powerful application modules for scene control, scheduler programs, alarm reporting and logic functions for use in connection with central control. These modules can be easily matched to holiday schedules, user needs, occupancy times, etc., and can be changed at any time.

Web editor for flexible and intuitive engineering Engineering is straightforward via ETS and the web editor, which is preinstalled for display by any browser. So, no extra software is required. Using the web editor, a wide choice of symbols and operating elements can be arranged per drag-anddrop. The user interface can be configured to meet individual needs by embedding own elements or elements provided by an extensive library. There is a choice of six different styles.

Efficient maintenance and commissioning via KNX interface The built-in KNX interface facilitates commissioning of KNX plant. Using an extra router, KNX plant can be maintained from a remote location.

Highlights ■

Ease of operation thanks to full-graphic and individually configurable user interface

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Convenient remote control via web-compatible end devices such as tablets or smart phones

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Straightforward and intuitive engineering via web editor without additional software

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Cost benefit thanks to builtin commissioning interface to KNX plants

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Reduced effort owing to remote maintenance and remote commissioning

www.siemens.com/ip-control-center

Key Steps In Lighting Design Process Structured Design Process To achieve the best overall outcome in a lighting installation, it is important to avoid the tendency of rushing straight into luminaire selection before determining more broadly what is required from the system.

The use of a structured design process helps to avoid this.

The key steps in the design process are: Identify the requirements Determine the method of lighting Select the lighting equipment Calculate the lighting parameters and adjust the design as required Determine the control system Choice of luminaire Inspect the installation upon completion (and if possible, a few months after occupation, to determine what worked and what didn’t. This is the only way to build up experience to

apply to future designs) The five initial stages are considered in more detail in the following lines.

1. IDENTIFYING THE REQUIREMENTS This involves gaining a full understanding of what the lighting installation is intended to achieve.

This includes the following: Illuminance Glare Mood of the space Relation to shape of space Things to be emphasised Things to hide Direction of light Interaction of daylight 2. DETERMINE THE METHOD OF LIGHTING At this stage, consideration is given to how the light is to be delivered,

50 | November-December 2015 | Light Express

e.g. will it be recessed, surface mounted, direct or indirect, or will up-lighting be used, and its primary characteristics, e.g. will it be prismatic, low brightness or mellow light.

Consideration should be given at this stage to the use of daylight to minimise the need for artificial light.

3. SELECT THE LIGHTING EQUIPMENT Once the method of lighting has been selected, the most appropriate light source can then be chosen followed by the luminaire.

The following attributes should be studied when choosing the light source: Light output (lumens) Total input wattage Efficacy (lumens per Watt) Lifetime

Physical size Surface brightness / glare Colour characteristics Electrical characteristics Requirement for control gear Compatibility with existing electrical system Suitability for the operating environment A number of factors also affect luminaire choice: Characteristics of the light source and control gear Luminaire efficiency (% lamp light output transmitted out of the fixture) Light distribution Glare control Finish and appearance Size Accessibility of components for maintenance Ability to handle adverse operating conditions Aesthetics Thermal management

4. CALCULATE THE LIGHTING PARAMETERS Lighting calculation methods fall into three broad categories: Manual calculation methods Three dimensional modelling Visualisation Photometric data for light sources and luminaires is commercially available to contribute to these calculations.

4.1 MANUAL CALCULATION METHODS There are a wide range of manual computation methods for the calculation of different lighting aspects. These include complex methods for calculating the illuminance from a wide variety of shapes of luminous objects. The majority of these have now been superseded by computer programs (check our free software).

The Lumen Method was the mainstay for interior lighting and has remained in use as a quick and relatively accurate method of calculating interior illuminance.

The Lumen Method calculates the average illuminance at a specific level in the space, including an allowance for the light reflected from the interior surfaces of the room. The calculation method has a set of assumptions that, if followed, gives a reasonable visual environment.

Inadequate attention to the assumptions will produce poor results.

number of luminaires required to achieve a specific average illuminance, can be calculated by means of utilization factors (UF), a UF being the ratio of the total flux received by a particular surface to the total lamp flux of the installation.

5. DETERMINE THE CONTROL SYSTEM The effectiveness and efficiency of any lighting installation is affected as much by the control system as by the light sources and fixtures chosen.

Give consideration to: Providing multiple switches to control the number of lights that come on at any one time. Using one switch to turn on all the lights in a large room is very inefficient.

Placing switches at the exits from rooms and using two-way switching to encourage lights to be turned off when leaving the room. Using ‘smart’ light switches and fittings which use movement sensors to turn lights on and off automatically.

These are useful in rooms used infrequently where lights may be left on by mistake, or for the elderly and

disabled. Make sure they have a built-in daylight sensor so that the light doesn’t turn on unnecessarily. Models which must be turned on manually and turn off automatically, but with a manual over-ride, are preferable in most situations. Be aware that the sensors use some power continuously, up to 5W or even 10W in some cases.

Using timers, daylight controls and motion sensors to switch outdoor security lights on and off automatically. controls are particularly useful for common areas, such as hallways, corridors and stairwells, in multi-unit housing.

Using solar powered lighting for garden and security lights Using dimmer controls for incandescent lights (including halogens). This can save energy and also increase bulb life. Most standard fluorescent lamps cannot be dimmed, but special dimmers and lamps are available. If lamps are to be dimmed it is important to ensure that the correct equipment is used, especially when retrofitting more energy efficient lamps.

6. CHOICE OF LUMINAIRE The performance of a luminaire should be considered just as carefully as its cost. In the long term a well designed, well constructed luminaire will be cheaper than a poor quality unit; and the salient features of a good quality luminaire are: Sound mechanical and electrical construction and a durable finish Adequate screening of high luminance lamps to minimise discomfort and glare Adequate heat dissipation to prevent over-heating of the lamp, wiring and ancillary equipment High light output ratio with the appropriate light distribution Ease of installation, cleaning and maintenance

The basic assumptions are: All the luminaires in the room are the same and have the same orientation The luminaires do not have a directional distribution and are aimed directly to the floor The luminaires are arranged in a uniform array on the ceiling and have the same mounting height The luminaires are spaced less than the maximum spacing to mounting height ratio nominated in the coefficient of utilisation tables The average illuminance produced by a lighting installation, or the Light Express | November-December 2015 | 51

Energy-Efficiency Improvement Opportunities In Lighting System 1. LIGHTING CONTROLS Lights can be shut off during non-working hours by automatic controls, such as occupancy sensors which turn off lights when a space becomes unoccupied. Manual controls can also be used in addition to automatic controls to save additional energy in smaller areas. The payback period for lighting control systems is generally less than 2 years.

2. REPLACE T-12 TUBES BY T-8 TUBES In industry, typically T-12 tubes have been used. T-12 refers to the diameter in 1/8 inch increments (T-12 means 12/8 inch or 3.8 cm diameter tubes). The initial output for these lights is high, but energy consumption is also high.

3. REPLACE MERCURY LIGHTS WITH METAL HALIDE OR HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LIGHTS Where color rendition is critical, metal halide lamps can replace mercury or 52 | November-December 2015 | Light Express

fluorescent lamps with an energy savings of 50%. Where color rendition is not critical, high pressure sodium lamps offer energy savings of 50 to 60% compared to mercury lamps.

4. REPLACE METAL HALIDE (HID) WITH HIGH-INTENSITY FLUORESCENT LIGHTS Traditional HID lighting can be replaced with high-intensity fluorescent (HIF) lighting. These new systems incorporate high-efficiency fluorescent lamps, electronic ballasts and high-efficacy fixtures that

maximize output to the work place.

Advantages to the new system are: They have lower energy consumption,Lower lumen depreciation over the lifetime of the lamp, Better dimming options, Faster start-up, Better color rendition, Higher pupil lumens ratings and less glare.

High-intensity fluorescent systems yield 50% electricity savings over

standard HIDs. Dimming controls that are impractical in the HIDs can also save significant amounts of energy. Retrofitted systems cost about $185 per fixture, including installation costs.

In addition to energy savings and better lighting qualities, high-intensity fluorescents can help to reduce maintenance costs.

5. REPLACE MAGNETIC BALLASTS WITH ELECTRONIC BALLASTS

7. OPTIMUM USE OF NATURAL SUNLIGHT Many plants do not use natural sunlight to an optimum level. In addition to optimizing the size of the windows, transparent sheets can be installed at the roof in order to allow more sunlight to penetrate into the production area.

This can reduce the need for lighting during the day.

A ballast is a mechanism that regulates the amount of electricity required to start a lighting fixture and maintain a steady output of light.

Electronic ballasts save 12 – 25% of electricity use compared to magnetic ballast.

6. OPTIMIZATION OF PLANT LIGHTING (LUX OPTIMIZATION) In production and non-production departments In many plants the lighting system is not specifically designed for the process. There are lux standards for each type of textile process.

For instance, the required lux for weaving is usually higher than that of wet-processing. Even within just one production process, the required lux varies by the process step.

For example, in a cotton spinning process, the required lux in the blow room should be much lower than that of ring frame section. If the lighting provided is higher than the standard (required lux) for any part of the production, this results in a waste of electricity.

Therefore, the plant engineers should optimize the lighting system based on the standard lux specific for each process step.

Light Express | November-December 2015 | 53

The Better Buildings Challenge Has Saved $1B in Energy Costs

T

he White House Better Buildings Challenge has saved participants more than $1 billion in just two years, according to a recent review of the program.

the Better Buildings Challenge highlights a larger trend in energy efficiency that is increasingly marketdriven, rather than simply government-mandated.

More than 250 partners have signed on to the challenge, which calls for a 20 percent energy reduction over 10 years.

Noesis, a startup that helps finance energy efficiency projects using a shared savings model, counts Ohio as one of the top five states where the firm is doing business. Last year, Ohio put a legislative freeze on the state’s efficiency standard, so it is hardly a current champion of energy efficiency.

The program launched in 2011 and had more than 7,000 buildings participating in 2012. In 2014, that figure more rose to 32,000 buildings, with an energy cost savings of $840 million last year alone.

Last month, the U.S. Department of Energy released the Better Buildings Solution Center, a tool to help organizations find energy-efficiency solutions by topic, building type, location and more. Just as important, there is also information about financing options for efficiency upgrades.

The program has attracted local and state governments, as well as schools and a wide range of corporations. The initial success of

But one of Noesis’ key partners, Trane, has a significant presence in Ohio, which has helped drive about 11 percent of the projects Noesis has completed. “Policy helps, benchmarking helps,” said Josh Duncan, VP of product management at Noesis. “But the access to financing has been more lucrative than any piece of policy.”

Noesis has found that even for the low-hanging fruit, the investment can be substantial. The average lighting project through Noesis has been over $200,000, and there is an increasing trend to look at other

54 | November-December 2015 | Light Express

controls that can be embedded during the lighting upgrade. “That’s an early trend,” said Duncan, but certainly where the market is headed, if this year’s Lightfair International was any indication.

Noesis has found that lighting controls have an average 41 percent rate of return, but building automation and controls have an even higher rate, nearly 44 percent.

Lighting, however, accounts for 72 percent of the firm's project portfolio, compared to just 7 percent for building automation or controls.

Duncan expects that to change quickly in coming years with the trend toward bundled projects as contractors and financing institutions get savvier about paybacks for deeper efficiency projects. Buildings control also might not mean a full building energy management system, but rather just some sensors added into the lights.

Financing may be opening up markets, but as Duncan noted, policy does help. California, with some of the strictest efficiency

mandates in the nation, is the location of 40 percent of Noesis' projects. Many of the participants in the Better Buildings Challenge are driven by internal sustainability goals, whether they’re corporations or governments.

On a municipal and state scale, energy benchmarking and auditing rules are helping to drive awareness of efficiency and boost local economies -- and not just in the usual coastal locales. Benchmarking laws are expanding in the Midwest, with Kansas City joining Chicago and Minneapolis earlier this month. The South is getting in on the action as well, with Atlanta becoming the first Southern city to adopt benchmarking earlier this year.

“Atlanta is paving the way for other cities to take advantage of the significant environmental and economic benefits that come with making city skylines more energy efficient,” Melissa Wright, director of the City Energy Project at NRDC, said in a statement. “This ordinance is tailor-made for Atlanta, taking best practices from other cities and refining them to meet local needs.”