Uttarakhand State Brief

Uttarakhand Indicators at a Glance

UTTARAKHAND

ALL INDIA

POPULATION 1991

2001

2011

2011

Total population (million)

7

8

10

1211

Urban share (%)

24

26

30

31

Share of adults (% age 15+)

63

66

69

70

Child sex ratio (age 0-6)

948

908

890

919

1994

2005

2012

2012

POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)

Gini coefficient

2

3

1

270

All

34

33

11

22

Rural

37

35

12

25

Urban

19

26

10

14

0.25

0.27

0.29

0.32

1994

2005

2012

2012

17,968

27,251

59,327

42,647

Agriculture

39

22

11

14

Industry

25

28

37

28

Services

37

50

52

57

All

INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)

Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)

1994 to 2005

2005 to 2012

2005 to 2012

3.9

11.8

6.7

JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)

Workers by sector (%)

Workers by wage-type (%)

1994

2005

2012

2012

All

75

67

54

56

Male

81

81

72

80

Female

69

54

37

31

Agriculture

75

66

49

49

Industry

8

12

22

24

Services

17

22

29

27

Self-Employed

80

75

69

52

Salaried

13

14

18

18

8

11

13

30

Casual Wage

1

June 20, 2017

Uttarakhand Indicators at a Glance

UTTARAKHAND

ALL INDIA

HEALTH 2001

2006

2013

2013

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)

539

440

285

167

Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

48

43

32

40

Stunting (% age 0-5)

—

44*

34~

39~

1994

2005

2012

2012

Literate (% adults)

56

67

77

70

Secondary education and above (% adults)

23

30

38

32

INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power

1994

2005

2012

2012

All

49

74

95

80

Rural

36

67

95

73

Urban

95

94

98

96

2008

2012

2012

All

56

61

56

Rural

47

55

46

Urban

87

86

77

All

42

16

44

Rural

54

20

60

Urban

3

2

9

Connectivity

2005

2012

2012

Road density - km. per million people

3,932

5,143

3,231

Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.

667

984

1,206

2012

2013

2014

2014

Debt to GSDP ratio (%)

23

22

22

51

Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)

1.9

1.5

2.6

4.4

Real GSDP growth rate (%)

9.4

7.4

8.4

6.9

EDUCATION

Electrification (% households)

Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)

Open defecation (% households)

RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE

* NFHS III, ~ RSOC

2

June 20, 2017

Uttarakhand

Poverty, Growth & Inequality Uttarakhand is one India’s fastest growing states. The state’s economic growth is mainly driven by the non-farm sectors of the economy. Poverty reduction in the state was among the most rapid in the country after 2005. In spite of this, some of Uttarakhand’s central and southern districts record higher levels of poverty than its other regions. Consumption inequality has been increasing in the state, especially in urban areas.

Poverty in Uttarakhand is lower than in many other Indian states Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50

40

40 37

37

35

34

33

32

32 29

30

22

22

21

20

20

19

17

17

15

15 12

12

10

11

11

11

10

9

9

8

8

8 5

0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK

PJ

KL HP GA

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Central and southern districts have higher poverty than the rest in Uttarakhand District level poverty, 2012 Patna

Population below the poverty line, 2012 (%)

N

1

June 20, 2017

0.6-5.2 1-8 5.3-13.2 8-10 13.3-17.2 10-13 17.3-22.6 13-19 22.7-62.8 19-21

Uttarakhand

Poverty, Growth & Inequality Uttarakhand experienced one of the fastest declines in poverty in the country after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ

● 1994

● 2005

GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK

PJ

GA NL DL MZ

● 2012

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Poverty increased in urban areas of Uttarakhand between 1994 and 2005, but thereafter declined rapidly in all areas Population below poverty line, (%) 40 Rural Total

37 35 34

30

33

26

20

Urban 19 12 11

10 10

0 1994

2

June 20, 2017

2005

2012

Uttarakhand

Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0

10

20

30

Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)

-1

40

50

60

70

80

High poverty, declining slowly

AS

Growth in Uttarakhand has been the highest in the country since 2005 -3 JH

Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)

11

CG

-5

9 8 7 6

WB

-9

All India

GJ HR

-11 KL PJ RJ

BH -13

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low Income States are highlighted in orange.

Low poverty, UP declining fast

GJ

AP MH RJ

MH

KL HP

TN

HR

Interpreting the graph

KA

OD CGHP MP

-17 Lagging

4

BH

Leading OD TN

-15

5

MP

KA

-7

Improving

10

UP

UK

UK

Improvement from 2005 to 2012

12

PJ

WB AP

JH AS

Weakening

3 2

0

Leading High income, high growth

Lagging Low income, low growth

Weakening High income, low growth

Standard of living, 2005

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000

per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)

Improving Low income, high growth

Rupees) All India

Uttarakhand’s growth is driven by the non-farm sectors of its economy Annual growth rate, (%)

Components of GSDP growth rate, (%) 20 20

20 20

10.1

15 15

15 15

7.3 5.6

10 10

5

6.3

10.1

8.9

10 10

4.7 5.0

5

5

7.7

6.4

7.7

6.8

5 4.3

0

0 20052005 20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012

■ Uttarakhand GSDP

■ All India GDP

2.3

0

0

-5

-5

0.9 -0.7

1.2

0.4

4.5

4.8

4.4

0.5

0.5

-0.5

2005200520062006200720072008200820092009201020102011201120122012

■ Services

3

June 20, 2017

■ Industry

■ Agriculture

Uttarakhand

Poverty, Growth & Inequality Poverty reduction in Uttarakhand was among the fastest in the country after 2005 Poverty rate, 2005

Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)

0

10

20

30

-1

40

50

60

70

80

High poverty, declining slowly

AS

-3

JH CG UP

-5

MP

KA

-7

WB

-9

BH

All India

OD

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low Income States are highlighted in orange.

GJ HR

-11

RJ KL PJ

-13

TN

HP

-15

Low poverty, declining fast

MH

UK AP

-17

A very small share of India’s poor live in Uttarakhand bubble size: number of poor (millions)

UP

20

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.

BH

15

What % of India’s poor lives in this state?

Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,

25

MP

10

MH

JH

5

OD

HP

0

WB

RJ

CG GJ

AS

0

KA

HR KL UK PJ

5

TN

AP

10

15

20

State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,

4

June 20, 2017

25

Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population

e ar Sh

or po of

e ar sh

of

n io at ul p po

=

Share of poor < share of population

What % of India’s population lives in this state?

Uttarakhand

Poverty, Growth & Inequality Consumption inequality is increasing in Uttarakhand, a lot more in urban areas Gini coefficient 0.4 0.35 0.32

0.3 0.25

0.27

0.29 0.23

0.24

0.26

0.26

0.2

0.1

0.0 Total

Rural

■ 1994

■ 2005

Urban

■ 2012

Consumption inequality in Uttarakhand is below the national average Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

5

June 20, 2017

PJ

HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN

Uttarakhand Jobs

Large numbers of Uttarakhand’s people are shifting away from farm jobs to other kinds of work.

As a result, today, the share of those engaged in non-farm work in Uttarakhand is similar to the national average. However, the overall job growth in the state has been negative since 2005.

Moreover, the share of workers with salaried jobs remains quite low. The non-farm sectors of Uttarakhand’s economy are not creating enough jobs to absorb the growing size of its population that is not in school. This is especially so for the state’s women, who’s participation in the labor force has been declining since 1994.

People in Uttarakhand are increasingly taking up non-farm work Employment share by sector, (%) 100

25

34

51

80 75

60

■ Non-farm

66

40

■ Farm

49

20 0 1994

2005

2012

Non-farm employment in Uttarakhand is similar to the national average Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100

80

100

96

74

73 65

60

64

61

61

58

57 51

51

40

51

51

50

50

50

48

47

45

44

44

43

42

41

40

38

38 32

27

20

0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

1

June 20, 2017

Uttarakhand Jobs

Uttarakhand ranks below most states in job creation after 2005 Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)

Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)

WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN

WB

1.8

UP

0.8

RJ

1.1

MH

0.5

CG

1.6

BH

0.5

OD

0.7

AP

0.3

DL

2.2

MP

0.4

GJ

0.3

TN

0.2

PJ

PJ

0.5

TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA

TR

4.4

-1

0

1

2

3

4

HP

1.3

SK

3.9

MG

0.7

GA

1.3

MZ

1.1

MN

0.1

AR

-0.1

AS

0.0

KL

-0.1

JH

-0.2

HR

-0.3

NL

-3.6

UK

-1.0

KA

-0.5

5

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Jobs created in the non-farm sectors of Uttarakhand after 2005 were not enough to off set the jobs lost in farming Number of jobs, (mn)

Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)

FARM

FARM

-5

PUB

PUB

-2

THR

THR

6

CONS

CONS

7

MANU

MANU

8

TRAN

TRAN

7

FIRB

3

MINE+UTIL

5

FIRB MINE+UTIL

0.0

2

June 20, 2017

0.5

1.0

■ 2005

1.5

2.0

■ 2012

2.5

3.0

Uttarakhand Jobs

A slight increase in wage employment in Uttarakhand after 2005 Employment by wage type, (%) 100

11

13

14

Wage Labor

18

80 75

69

60

40

Self Employed

20

0 2005

■ Casual Wage

2012

■ Salaried

■ Self Employed

The share of workers with salaried jobs in Uttarakhand is similar to the national average Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63

60

60

50 40 30

28

27

26

25

24

24

23

22

22

22

20 10

21

19

18

18

18

18

17

17

14

14

13

13

11

11

11

10

10 6

0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

3

June 20, 2017

Uttarakhand Jobs

Not enough jobs for the growing size of working age population in Uttarakhand, especially for females Million

Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%)

88

â&#x2013; 2005 66

â&#x2013; 2012

Working age population not in school

1.9

+0.7 -1.0

All Workers

-0.3 44

0.5

Male Workers

+0.1 -0.3

22

Female Workers

-3.4

00

Working age population not in school

All Workers

Male Workers

Female Workers

-6-6

-5-5

-4-4

-3-3

-2-2

-1-1

00

11

22

Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Uttarakhand since 1994, especially in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 83

80

82

80

74 73

76 71 66

60

Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female

40

20

44

22

20 15

0 1993-94

4

June 20, 2017

2004-05

2011-12

Urban Female

Uttarakhand Gender

Uttarakhand’s women face many barriers to progress. The state’s child sex ratio, already lower than in most other states, is getting worse. By contrast, maternal mortality, which is among the highest in the country, is improving. While more adult women in Uttarakhand have completed secondary school than the national average, they lag behind the state’s adult men in schooling.

Today, more and more of the state’s women are withdrawing from the labor force. This is especially true in rural areas where women predominantly work in farming. Very few urban women work but, where they do, the type of jobs they hold are similar to those held by men.

Uttarakhand’s child sex ratio is among the lowest in the country Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969

964 962

957 957 956

950

948 948

943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918

900

909

902

894 890 890 888 871

862 846

850

834

800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Child sex ratio has been worsening in Uttarakhand Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000

950

948 908 890

900

850

800 1991

1

June 20, 2017

2001

2011

PJ HR

Uttarakhand Gender

Maternal mortality is declining in Uttarakhand Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 600 517

500 400

359 285

300 200 100 0 2003

2009

2013

Uttarakhand has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the country Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300

285 285

300

244 208 208

221 221 222

200 167

112 113

100 61

68

79

127 133

141

92

0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ

AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.

2

June 20, 2017

Uttarakhand Gender

The share of women with secondary schooling in Uttarakhand is above the national average Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60

57 52

50

46

43

40

41

38

38

35

34

34

33

31

30

30

28

28

26

26

26

26 22

20

21

21

20

20

20 16

16

16

15

14

10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI

GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Gender disparities in schooling among adults in Uttarakhand, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 50

45

Rural Females 40 33

37

31

23

16

24

30 23 19

20

21

Urban Females 15

13

22

15

12

51

10

0

Males

■ Illiterate

3

Females

■ Literate or primary school completed

June 20, 2017

0

20

■ Middle school completed

40

60

80

100

■ Secondary school or higher completed

Uttarakhand Gender

Gender gaps in schooling are narrowing for the young Enrolled in education institutes, (%)

2005 21-23

25

13

Female

12 50

39

18-20 15-17

Male 11 74

Age

66

8

100

80

4

90

86

6-8

1

94

93

9-11

7

89

82

12-14

60

40

20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Enrolled in education institutes, (%)

2012

15-17

100

June 20, 2017

69

14 5

91

97

96

99

-1 0

99 93

6-8

4

Male

86

Age 9-11

1

37

55

18-20

12-14

36

Female

21-23

96

80

60

40

20

0

20

40

60

80

3 100

Uttarakhand Gender

Female labor force participation in Uttarakhand is above the national average Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63

60

63 55

55 49

50

47 43

40

41

40

38

38

37

37

36

33

30

33

32

32

31

31

30

27

25

25

25

24 19

20

17

15 9

10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ

PJ

JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Sharp decline in female labor force participation in Uttarakhand since 1994, especially in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 83

80

82

80

74 73

76 71 66

60

Rural Male Urban Male Rural Female

40

20

44

22

20 15

0 1993-94

5

June 20, 2017

2004-05

2011-12

Urban Female

Uttarakhand Gender

Rural women in Uttarakhand work mainly in farming, more non-farm jobs for rural men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males

Rural Females

5

16

31

42

16

91 26

■ Farm - All

■ Non-farm Self Employed

■ Non-farm Salaried

■ Non-farm Casual Wage

When urban women work, they do similar jobs as urban men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males

9

39

■ Farm - All

6

June 20, 2017

Urban Females

4

4

48

■ Non-farm Self Employed

8

42 45

■ Non-farm Salaried

■ Non-farm Casual Wage

Uttarakhand Social Inclusion

Some of Uttarakhand’s social groups have experienced more progress than others. While all social groups have experienced a similar pace of poverty reduction after 2005, some among them, mainly the Scheduled Castes, stand out for their higher levels of open defecation and lower access to drinking water than others. In addition, social groups differ in their levels of schooling and access to salaried jobs, with those from the General category outperforming others.

Poverty declined sharply across all social groups in Uttarakhand after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 50

Households by Social Group, 2012 (%)

46

All India Uttarakhand

41

40

Scheduled Tribe

9

4

Scheduled Caste

19

20

Other Backward Caste

43

17

General

29

59

Pace of poverty reduction

33

30

-15% -12% per per year year

25

20

15

13

16 -13% per year 8 -15% per year

10

0 2005

■ Scheduled Tribe

2012

■ Scheduled Caste

■ Other Backward Caste

■ General

Poverty among the Scheduled Castes in Uttarakhand is lower than in most other states SC population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 60 50 40

51

47

44

41

40

40

39 33

30

33

29

29

24

20

21

20

19

19

19

19

18

18

16

16

16

10

15

15

13

10 0

0 BH CG MN UP JH MP OD KA GA AI AS HR WB MH DL TN RJ

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

1

16

June 20, 2017

JK

GJ SK KL HP NL

0

PJ UK AR AP TR MG MZ

Uttarakhand Social Inclusion

More schooling for those belonging to the General category in Uttarakhand Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 24

Scheduled Tribe

15

24

29

Scheduled Caste

26

31

Other Backward Caste

19

General 0

37

25

16

20

■ Illiterate

21

24

19

24

18

47

40

60

80

100

■ Literate or primary school completed

■ Middle school completed

■ Secondary school or higher completed

Fewer salaried jobs for the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes than others in Uttarakhand Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe

Scheduled Caste

8 9

27 63

10

83

■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried Other Backward Caste

General

■ Self-employed

7

18 21 18

2

June 20, 2017

64

72

Uttarakhand Social Inclusion

The Scheduled Castes defecate more in the open than other groups in Uttarakhand Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100

80 69 59

60 49

44

48

40

20

33 21

20

16

8

0 All

Scheduled Tribe

Scheduled Caste

■ Uttarakhand

Other Backward Caste

General

■ All India

Lower access to drinking water for the Scheduled Castes than others in Uttarakhand Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 100

80

60

61

61

56

66

69

58

50 44

40

33 27

20

0 All

Scheduled Tribe

Scheduled Caste

■ Uttarakhand

3

June 20, 2017

Other Backward Caste

■ All India

General

Uttarakhand Health and Education 60

Health issues in Uttarakhand have shown mixed progress. While the state’s infant mortality rate, 50 which is already lower than the national average, is declining, malnutrition levels among most 40 households remain high. And although open defecation is more prevalent among the poor, the 30 overall rates in Uttarakhand are lower than in most other Indian states. As for education, more of Uttarakhand’s adults 20 have completed secondary school than in many other states, and a larger share of its children are now in school than before. But, while it is heartening to note that the 10 state ranks high on learning outcomes, these levels have stagnated in recent times. Incidentally, 0 enrollment in the state’s public school remains high, especially among the low income households.

Total

Rural

Urban

Infant mortality is declining in Uttarakhand Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60

54

50

43

40

34

32

30

22

22

20 10

■ 2006

0 Total

Rural

■ 2013

Urban

Uttarakhand’s infant mortality is lower than the national average Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60

50

46

40 31

30

18

20

10

9

10

21

22

24

24

31

32

32

35

35

36

26

26

PJ

TR KA WB AR UK HP MZ GJ

37

37

39

40

41

47

47

50

51

54

54

42

12

0 GA MN KL NL TN SK MH DL

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

1

June 20, 2017

JK JH AP AI HR BH CG MG RJ UP OD AS MP

Uttarakhand Health and Education

Malnutrition in Uttarakhand is below the national average Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50

47

40

30

20

27

19

21

28

28

29

29

33

32

34

34

34

35

35

35

36

37

38

39

41

42

42

43

49

50

43

31

31

PJ

TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP

23

10

0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Barring the rich, malnutrition is higher than the national average for most households in Uttarakhand Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 70 62

60 50

63

60

54

53 49

48 44

46 41

40 30 22

25

20 10 0

All

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

â&#x2013; Uttarakhand Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006.

2

June 20, 2017

Quintile 3

â&#x2013; All India

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

Uttarakhand Health and Education

Open defecation in Uttarakhand is lower than in most other states Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100

80 68 58

60

40

34

30

20

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

2

4

7

12

16

16

16

17

35

35

39

42

44

61

Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%) 71

75

93

99

7

1

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

80

60

40

42 29

20

25

16

0 All

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

â&#x2013; Access and use of latrine

3

June 20, 2017

61

JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH

Open defecation is higher among the poor than the rich in Uttarakhand

58

74

45

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

84

73

22

NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ

100

68

Quintile 3

â&#x2013; Open defecation

Uttarakhand Health and Education

The share of adults with secondary school education in Uttarakhand is higher than the national average Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58

60 52

50

47 38

40 30 20

48

18

21

24

24

25

25

25

26

26

27

28

30

32

32

32

32

34

39

40

43

41

43

43

34

10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Since 2005, significant progress in schooling for the young in Uttarakhand Education attainment, (% age 18-30)

Enrollment by age cohort, (%)

70 70 59

60 60 50 50

+18 63

+18

70

+19

89

Age

15-17

30 30

10 10

36

45

18-20

44

40 40

20 20

18

21-23

12-14

86

96

+10

21

19

16

16

17

9-11

8

6-8

99

93 88

95

+6 +7

00 Illiterate Illiterate

Literateoror Middle Literate Middle primaryschool school completed completed primary completed completed

Secondary Secondary andabove above and

â&#x2013; 2005

4

June 20, 2017

100 100

â&#x2013; 2012

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

00

20 20

40 40

60 60

80 80

100 100

Uttarakhand Health and Education

Public school enrollment in Uttarakhand is close to the national average Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ

■ All education levels

JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL

● Elementary

PJ MN KL GA

● Secondary and above

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Private school enrollment is increasing mainly among high income households in Uttarakhand Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100 83

87

80 71

79

80

80

73

69

71 58

60

51

40

34

20

0 All

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

■ 2005

5

June 20, 2017

Quintile 3

■ 2012

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

Uttarakhand Health and Education

Learning outcomes in Uttarakhand are higher than in most other states Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80

75

70

67

60 50 39

40 33

34

42

43

46

47

NL

SK AR UP TR

GJ

44

45

52

52

52

53

54

56

58

67

67

68

60

47

47

47

48

48

RJ

TN KA

AI

BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ

34

30 20 10 0 AS MP JH

JK

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Learning outcomes have stagnated in Uttarakhand Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100

80

60

40

20

■ Uttarakhand

■ All India

0 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.

6

June 20, 2017

2012

2013

2014

HR HP

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS Demographics

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Population

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

Urban Share

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

Child Sex Ratio

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.

Adults

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’.

• The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.

Working age population not in school

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes

Poor

Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India

• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’.

• Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor.

• The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates.

Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012.

Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.

• The population census is conducted once every 10 years.

The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.

Poverty Poverty rate

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

Inequality Gini coefficient

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May 20, 2016

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.

• Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality.

• Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS Welfare distribution

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Consumption expenditure quintiles

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.

Wealth Index quintiles

National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.

Real GDP/GSDP growth rate

Central Statistical Office (CSO)

Real GDP/GSDP per capita

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series).

• All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994.

• Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR).

• Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.

Income & Growth

Components of GSDP growth rate

Fiscal

2

Debt

Controller General of Accounts (CGA)

Fiscal Deficit

Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

May 20, 2016

• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities.

• Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year.

• Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Jobs Labor force participation rate

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.

Workers/Employed/Number of jobs

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force.

• The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR).

• Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.

• A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.

Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type

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May 20, 2016

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Education Literacy Education attainment

Enrollment Public educational institutes

Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)

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May 20, 2016

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling.

• Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above.

• Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.

Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham

• Data available for rural areas only

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Health Maternal mortality ratio

Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported.

• Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates.

• For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.

Infant mortality rate

Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.

Malnutrition: Stunting

National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age.

• Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.

Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development

Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.

Road density

Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km.

• Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report.

• Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005.

Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.

Drinking water on premises

Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.

Open defecation Access to latrine

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May 20, 2016

Technical Appendix

LABEL Data labels

29 STATES AND ALL INDIA

LABEL

SOCIAL GROUP

ST SC OBC General

‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’

(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)

AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB

All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal

Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each.

Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period.

A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001.

In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000.

In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.

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May 20, 2016