Uttar Pradesh State Brief

Uttar Pradesh Indicators at a Glance

UTTAR PRADESH

ALL INDIA

POPULATION 1991

2001

2011

2011

Total population (million)

132

166

200

1211

Urban share (%)

20

21

22

31

Share of adults (% age 15+)

59

59

63

70

Child sex ratio (age 0-6)

927

916

902

919

1994

2005

2012

2012

POVERTY & INEQUALITY Poor (million) Poverty rate (%)

Gini coefficient

68

73

60

270

All

48

41

29

22

Rural

51

43

30

25

Urban

38

34

26

14

0.27

0.28

0.31

0.32

1994

2005

2012

2012

11,645

14,580

20,558

42,647

Agriculture

39

30

23

14

Industry

22

23

23

28

Services

39

47

54

57

All

INCOME & GROWTH Real GSDP per capita (2005 rupees) By sector (%)

Annual growth rate of real GSDP per capita (%)

1994 to 2005

2005 to 2012

2005 to 2012

2.1

5.0

6.7

JOBS Labor force participation rate (%)

Workers by sector (%)

Workers by wage-type (%)

1994

2005

2012

2012

All

59

60

53

56

Male

87

84

81

80

Female

29

35

25

31

Agriculture

69

61

52

49

Industry

12

18

26

24

Services

19

20

21

27

Self-Employed

71

73

64

52

8

10

11

18

21

17

25

30

Salaried Casual Wage

1

May 20, 2016

Uttar Pradesh Indicators at a Glance

UTTAR PRADESH

ALL INDIA

HEALTH 2001

2006

2013

2013

Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)

539

440

285

167

Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

82

71

50

40

Stunting (% age 0-5)

—

57*

50~

39~

1994

2005

2012

2012

Literate (% adults)

42

52

60

70

Secondary education and above (% adults)

15

20

27

32

INFRASTRUCTURE & AMENITIES Power

1994

2005

2012

2012

All

28

37

51

80

Rural

17

24

40

73

Urban

73

84

89

96

2008

2012

2012

All

62

63

56

Rural

56

58

46

Urban

83

78

77

All

65

61

44

Rural

79

76

60

Urban

14

11

9

Connectivity

2005

2012

2012

Road density - km. per million people

1,439

1,987

3,231

Road density - km. per 1,000 sq. km.

1,065

1,673

1,206

2012

2013

2014

2014

Debt to GSDP ratio (%)

40

39

36

51

Fiscal Deficit (% of GSDP)

2.3

2.5

2.9

4.4

Real GSDP growth rate (%)

5.6

5.8

5.0

6.9

EDUCATION

Electrification (% households)

Water and sanitation Drinking water on premises (% households)

Open defecation (% households)

RECENT GROWTH AND FISCAL PERFORMANCE

* NFHS III, ~ RSOC

2

May 20, 2016

Uttar Pradesh

Poverty, Growth & Inequality Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India and is home to 200 million people, 60 million of who are poor. The pace of poverty reduction in the state has been slower than the rest of the country. Poverty is widespread. The central and eastern districts in particular have very high levels of poverty. The state is also experiencing widening consumption inequality in urban areas.

Growth is slow and is driven mainly by services.

Poverty in Uttar Pradesh is slightly above the national average Population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 50

40

40 37

37

35

34

33

32

32 29

30

22

22

21

20

20

19

17

17

15

15 12

10

12

11

11

11

10

9

9

8

8

8 5

0 CG JH MN AR BH OD AS MP UP AI MZ KA WB NL MH GJ TR RJ MG TN UK HR JK DL AP SK

PJ

KL HP GA

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Central and eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh have very high poverty N Lucknow

Population below the poverty line, 2012 (%) 2-18 18-26 26-33 33-44 44-62

1

May 20, 2016

Uttar Pradesh

Poverty, Growth & Inequality Poverty reduction in Uttar Pradesh has lagged the rest of the country Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MN JH BH OD AR AS CG KA MH UP AI TN AP MP WB RJ

● 1994

● 2005

GJ MG HR HP UK TR SK KL JK

PJ

GA NL DL MZ

● 2012

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Poverty declined in both rural and urban areas of Uttar Pradesh more rapidly after 2005 Population below poverty line, (%) 70 60 Rural 50 40

Total

Urban

51 48 38

43 41 34

30

30 29 26

20 10 0 1994

2

May 20, 2016

2005

2012

Uttar Pradesh

Poverty, Growth & Inequality 0

10

20

30

Annual decline in poverty rate, 2005 - 2012 (%)

-1

40

50

60

70

80

High poverty, declining slowly

AS

Uttar Pradesh is among the slowest growing states in the country -3 JH

Annual growth 2005- 2012 - 2012 Annual growthrate, rate, 2005 (%) (%)

11

CG

-5

9 8 7 6

WB

-9

All India

GJ HR

-11 KL PJ RJ

BH -13

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low Income States are highlighted in orange.

Low poverty, UP declining fast

GJ

AP MH RJ

MH

KL HP

TN

HR

Interpreting the graph

KA

OD CGHP MP

-17 Lagging

4

BH

Leading OD TN

-15

5

MP

KA

-7

Improving

10

UP

UK

UK

Improvement from 2005 to 2012

12

PJ

WB AP

JH AS

Weakening

3 2

0

Leading High income, high growth

Lagging Low income, low growth

Weakening High income, low growth

Standard of living, 2005

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000

per capita, (2005 RealReal GSDPGSDP per capita, (2005 Rupees)

Improving Low income, high growth

Rupees) All India

Services contribute the most to Uttar Pradesh’s growth Annual growth rate, (%)

Components of GSDP growth rate, (%)

15 15

10 10

8

8

4.1

10 10 6

4 5

6

4.6

3.4

0 2005 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 2009201020102011201120122012

0

4.9

3.3 2.5

2.2

1.7

2 1.6

0

5.1 5.6

4.2

4

5 2

4.2

0

0.7

0.7

1.0

0.4 1.0

1.8 1.1

0.1 1.3

-0.1

-0.8

2005 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082009 2009201020102011201120122012

■ Uttar Pradesh GSDP

■ All India GDP ■ Services

3

May 20, 2016

■ Industry

■ Agriculture

Uttar Pradesh

Poverty, Growth & Inequality Slower poverty reduction in Uttar Pradesh than some of the Low Income States Poverty rate, 2005

Annual decline in poverty rate, 2012 Annual decline in poverty rate,2005 2005 --2012 (%)(%)

0

10

20

30

-1

40

50

60

70

80

High poverty, declining slowly

AS

-3

JH CG UP

-5

MP

KA

-7

WB

-9

BH

All India

OD

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low Income States are highlighted in orange.

GJ HR

-11

RJ KL PJ

-13

TN

HP

-15

Low poverty, declining fast

MH

UK AP

-17

Uttar Pradesh is home to the largest number of India’s poor bubble size: number of poor (millions)

UP

20

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low Income States are highlighted in yellow.

BH

15

What % of India’s poor lives in this state?

Stateshare share in poor, 20122012 (%) (%) State in India’s India’s poor,

25

MP

10

MH

JH

5

OD

HP

0

WB

RJ

CG GJ

AS

0

KA

HR KL UK PJ

5

TN

AP

10

15

20

State sharein inIndia’s India’s population, 20122012 (%) (%) State share population,

4

May 20, 2016

25

Interpreting the graph Share of poor > share of population

e ar Sh

or po of

e ar sh

of

n io at ul p po

=

Share of poor < share of population

What % of India’s population lives in this state?

Uttar Pradesh

Poverty, Growth & Inequality Consumption inequality has increased mainly in urban areas of Uttar Pradesh Gini coefficient 0.5 0.42

0.4 0.35

0.3

0.31

0.30

0.27 0.28

0.25 0.25 0.25

0.2

0.1

0.0 Total

Rural

■ 1994

■ 2005

Urban

■ 2012

Uttar Pradesh’s consumption inequality is below the national average Gini coefficient, 2012 0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1 KL DL KA MH AR TN AI HR WB MP CG UP

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

5

May 20, 2016

PJ

HP GA UK AP GJ MZ OD JK JH RJ AS TR NL BH SK MG MN

Uttar Pradesh Jobs

People in Uttar Pradesh are increasingly moving off the farm and into other kinds of work. Growth in non-farm jobs has been among the highest in India since 2005, led by construction. Despite this, job creation has failed to keep pace with the expansion of the working age population that is not in school. What’s more, a little over half the population is still on the farm. There are very few salaried jobs and job opportunities for women remain limited.

Non-farm employment is increasing in Uttar Pradesh, but half the workforce is still on the farm Employment share by sector, (%) 100

31

39

48

80

■ Non-farm

69

60

61

■ Farm

52

40

20

0 1994

2005

2012

Non-farm employment share in Uttar Pradesh is below the national average Non-farm employment share, 2012 (%) 100

80

100

96

74

73 65

60

64

61

61

58

57 51

51

40

51

51

50

50

50

48

47

45

44

44

43

42

41

40

38

38 32

27

20

0 DL GA KL TR TN PJ MN WB JK HR GJ UK AI MH JH KA RJ UP AP MZ OD AS MG HP MP NL SK BH AR CG

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

1

May 20, 2016

Uttar Pradesh Jobs

Job growth in Uttar Pradesh was among the highest in India after 2005 Number of jobs added, 2005-2012 (mn)

Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)

WB UP RJ MH CG BH OD AP DL MP GJ TN

WB

1.8

UP

0.8

RJ

1.1

MH

0.5

CG

1.6

BH

0.5

OD

0.7

AP

0.3

DL

2.2

MP

0.4

GJ

0.3

TN

0.2

PJ

PJ

0.5

TR HP SK MG GA MZ MN AR AS KL JH HR NL UK KA

TR

4.4

-1

0

1

2

3

4

HP

1.3

SK

3.9

MG

0.7

GA

1.3

MZ

1.1

MN

0.1

AR

-0.1

AS

0.0

KL

-0.1

JH

-0.2

HR

-0.3

NL

-3.6

UK

-1.0

KA

-0.5

5

Low Income States are highlighted in orange

Construction led job growth in Uttar Pradesh after 2005 Number of jobs, (mn)

Annual job growth, 2005-2012 (%)

FARM

FARM

-1

CONS

CONS

13

THR

THR

1

MANU

1

PUB

3

TRAN

0

FIRB

6

MINE+UTIL

16

MANU PUB TRAN FIRB MINE+UTIL

0

2

5

10

15

■ 2005 May 20, 2016

20

25

■ 2012

30

35

40

Uttar Pradesh Jobs

More wage employment in Uttar Pradesh after 2005, mostly for casual wages Employment by wage type, (%) 100

17

80

25 Wage Labor

10 11

73

60

64

40 Self Employed

20

0 2005

■ Casual Wage

2012

■ Salaried

■ Self Employed

Share of salaried jobs in Uttar Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Salaried jobs share, 2012 (%) 70 63

60

60

50 40 30

28

27

26

25

24

24

23

22

22

22

20 10

21

19

18

18

18

18

17

17

14

14

13

13

11

11

11

10

10 6

0 DL GA PJ MH TN GJ NL HR KA KL MZ SK JK AR HP AP AI UK WB MG MN AS RJ TR MP UP OD JH CG BH

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

3

May 20, 2016

Uttar Pradesh Jobs

Not enough jobs in Uttar Pradesh for the size of the working age population not in school, particularly for females Million

Annual growth, 2005-2012 (%)

120

120

100

+14.5 100

80

80

â&#x2013; 2005

â&#x2013; 2012 Working age population not in school

60

40

40

20

20

0.8

All Workers

+3.6 60

2

+6.2 Male Workers

0

0 Working age population not in school

1.9

-2.6 Female Workers

All Workers

Male Workers

Female Workers

-3

-2-3

-2.2

-1 -2

0 -1

10

21

Decline in female labor force participation in Uttar Pradesh after 2005, mainly in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 89

85

82

80 79

80

78

Rural Male 60

Urban Male Rural Female

40

39 32

Urban Female 27

20 16

17

1993-94

2004-05

15

0

4

May 20, 2016

2011-12

32

3

Uttar Pradesh Gender

Gender gaps in Uttar Pradesh are high and persistent. The state has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality. The child sex ratio is low and declining. The share of women participating in the labor force is among the lowest in the country. Rural women have limited access to non-farm jobs and very few urban women work. And although more women complete secondary education in Uttar Pradesh as compared to other low income states, a little over half are illiterate. The closing of gender gaps in schooling and improvement in maternal mortality are gains toward gender equity.

Child sex ratio in Uttar Pradesh is lower than the national average Child sex ratio, 2011 (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000 972 970 970 969

964 962

957 957 956

950

948 948

943 943 942 941 939 936 935 919 918

900

909

902

894 890 890 888 871

862 846

850

834

800 AR MG MZ CG KL AS SK TR WB KA JH NL TN GA OD AP MN BH AI MP HP UP MH GJ UK RJ DL JK

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Uttar Pradeshâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s child sex ratio is deteriorating Child sex ratio, (age 0-6) females per 1,000 males 1,000

950 927

916 902

900

850

800 1991

1

May 20, 2016

2001

2011

PJ HR

Uttar Pradesh Gender

Maternal health in Uttar Pradesh is improving Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 600 517

500

400

359 285

300

200

100

0 2003

2009

2013

Uttar Pradeshâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s maternal mortality ratio is among the highest in the country Maternal mortality ratio, 2013 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births 300

285 285

300

244 208 208

221 221 222

200 167

112 113

100 61

68

79

127 133

141

92

0 KL MH TN AP GJ WB HR KA PJ

AI BH JH MP CG OD RJ UP UK AS

Data for 19 large states and All India.

Low income states are highlighted in orange and AI is All India.

2

May 20, 2016

Uttar Pradesh Gender

Secondary education attainment of adult females in Uttar Pradesh lags behind the national average Secondary education attainment among women, 2012 (% adults) 70 60

57 52

50

46

43

40

41

38

38

35

34

34

33

31

30

30

28

28

26

26

26

26 22

20

21

21

20

20

20 16

16

16

15

14

10 0 DL GA NL KL HP MN PJ MH TN HR KA UK MG MZ AR JK AP AI

GJ SK AS UP JH WB MP CG OD RJ BH TR

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Adult women have less education than adult men in Uttar Pradesh, rural women lag behind urban Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 60 53

50

Rural Females 58

40

14

12

15

34

30

27 20

20

Urban Females

21

19 14

35

12

14

12

39

10 0

Males

■ Illiterate

3

Females

■ Literate or primary school completed

May 20, 2016

0

20

■ Middle school completed

40

60

80

100

■ Secondary school or higher completed

Uttar Pradesh Gender

Gender gaps in schooling narrowing for younger groups in Uttar Pradesh Enrolled in education institutes, (%)

2005 5

21-23

9

14

Female

Male 17

18-20 15-17

30

13

Age

46

13

59

69

12-14

80

11

84

9-11

74

6-8 100

80

6

90

4

78

60

40

20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Enrolled in education institutes, (%)

2012 14

21-23

6

20

Female

Male 33

18-20 15-17

Age

62

100

May 20, 2016

69

7 88

91

4 94

81

6-8

4

10

84

12-14 9-11

43

80

84

60

40

20

0

20

40

60

80

3

3 100

Uttar Pradesh Gender

Female labor force participation in Uttar Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Female labor force participation rate, 2012 (%) 70 63

60

63 55

55 49

50

47 43

40

41

40

38

38

37

37

36

33

30

33

32

32

31

31

30

27

25

25

25

24 19

20

17

15 9

10 0 HP SK CG MG MZ AP RJ NL TN MH AR TR UK MN KA OD JK KL AI MP GJ

PJ

JH WB UP GA HR AS DL BH

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Decline in female labor force participation in Uttar Pradesh after 2005, mainly in rural areas Labor force participation rate, (%) 100 89

85

82

80 79

80

78

Rural Male 60

Urban Male Rural Female

40

39 32

Urban Female 27

20 16

17

1993-94

2004-05

15

0

5

May 20, 2016

2011-12

Uttar Pradesh Gender

Vast majority of women in rural Uttar Pradesh work in farming, more non-farm jobs for men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Rural Males

Rural Females

4 4 20

9

7 57 16

■ Farm - All

83

■ Non-farm Self Employed

■ Non-farm Salaried

■ Non-farm Casual Wage

Urban women in Uttar Pradesh have fewer salaried jobs than urban men Share of employed, 2012 (%) Urban Males

16

Urban Females

8

7

14

22 30

46 57

■ Farm - All

6

May 20, 2016

■ Non-farm Self Employed

■ Non-farm Salaried

■ Non-farm Casual Wage

Uttar Pradesh Social Inclusion

There is uneven progress across social groups in Uttar Pradesh. The poverty rate for Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh is amongst the highest in the country. There are stark differences in education attainment, types of jobs and access to clean drinking water across social groups. Open defecation is high for most households in the state, but particularly for the Scheduled Castes.

Higher poverty rate and slower poverty reduction for the Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh Population below poverty line, (%) 60

Households by Social Group, 2012 (%) Uttar All India Pradesh Scheduled Tribe

9

42

19

25

Other Backward Caste

43

53

29

Pace of poverty reduction

50

1

Scheduled Caste

General

55

42

41 -4% per year

40 31 -4% per year

30

22

26 -7% per year

24

20 13 -9% per year

10 0 2005

■ Scheduled Caste

2012

■ Other Backward Caste

■ Scheduled Tribe

■ General

Poverty rate of Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh is among the highest in the country SC population below poverty line, 2012 (%) 60 50 40

51

47

44

41

40

40

39 33

30

33

29

29

24

20

21

20

19

19

19

19

18

18

16

16

16

10

15

15

13

10 0

0 BH CG MN UP JH MP OD KA GA AI AS HR WB MH DL TN RJ

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

1

16

May 20, 2016

JK

GJ SK KL HP NL

0

PJ UK AR AP TR MG MZ

Uttar Pradesh Social Inclusion

Stark contrast in educational attainment across social groups in Uttar Pradesh Education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 39

Scheduled Tribe

14

15

49

Scheduled Caste

19

44

Other Backward Caste

22

General 0

16

20

17

17

16

16

23

14

48

40

■ Illiterate

31

60

80

100

■ Literate or primary school completed

■ Middle school completed

■ Secondary school or higher completed

Scheduled Castes in Uttar Pradesh have more casual wage jobs compared to other social groups Share of employed, 2012 (%) Scheduled Tribe

Scheduled Caste

30 53

45

47

17 8

■ Casual Wage ■ Salaried

Other Backward Caste

General

11

21 21

8 71

2

May 20, 2016

■ Self-employed

68

Uttar Pradesh Social Inclusion

Higher open defecation in Uttar Pradesh than rest of country, especially among the Scheduled Castes Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100 90 81

80

75 69

70 60

61

59

50

64 48

44

40 31

30

21

20 10 0 All

Scheduled Tribe

Scheduled Caste

■ Uttar Pradesh

Other Backward Caste

General

■ All India

Access to drinking water better in Uttar Pradesh, but is uneven across social groups within the state Households with drinking water on premises, 2012 (%) 100 90 77

80 70

69

66

63

60

58

56

50

45

45

44

40 27

30 20 10 0 All

Scheduled Tribe

Scheduled Caste

■ Uttar Pradesh

3

May 20, 2016

Other Backward Caste

■ All India

General

Uttar Pradesh Health and Education

Uttar Pradesh has made mixed progress on education and health outcomes. Infant mortality remains high despite improvements in recent years. Open defecation is practiced widely, even in high income households. Uttar Pradesh has the highest incidence of child malnutrition in the country. Less than a third of adults have completed secondary school. While there are some gains in schooling for the younger cohorts, learning outcomes have stagnated at unacceptably low levels. Enrollment in private schools is higher than in most states.

Infant mortality rate is declining in Uttar Pradesh Infant mortality rate Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 80

75

71

70 60

53

53

50

50

38

40 30 20 10

■ 2006

0 Total

Rural

■ 2013

Urban

Uttar Pradesh’s infant mortality rate is among the highest in India Infant mortality rate, 2013 Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births 60

80 50

46

60 40

40 31

30 18

20 10

9

10

GA

MN

21

22

20 24

24

26

31

32

32

35

35

36

37

37

39

40

41

42

AP

AI

HR

BH

47

47

MG

RJ

50

51

UP

OD

54

54

AS

MP

26

0 Total

12

Rural

Urban

0 KL

NL

TN

SK

MH

DL

PJ

TR

KA

WB

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

1

May 20, 2016

AR

UK

HP

MZ

GJ

JK

JH

CG

Uttar Pradesh Health and Education

Uttar Pradesh has the highest rate of malnutrition in the country Stunting in children <5 years, 2014 (%) 50

47

40

30

20

27

19

21

28

28

29

29

32

33

34

34

34

35

35

35

36

37

38

39

41

42

42

43

49

50

43

31

31

PJ

TR JK MN UK HP KA WB AP MH RJ HR OD AI AS MP GJ MG CG JH BH UP

23

10

0 KL GA TN MZ SK AR DL NL

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Malnutrition is high even for high income groups in Uttar Pradesh Stunting in children <5 years, 2006 (%) 80 67

60

60

57

59 54

58 49

48

49 41

40

32 25

20

0 All

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

■ Uttar Pradesh Latest stunting data by wealth class available for 2006

2

May 20, 2016

Quintile 3

■ All India

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

Uttar Pradesh Health and Education

Open defecation in Uttar Pradesh is higher than in most states Households practicing open defecation, 2012 (%) 100

80 68 58

60

40 30

20

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

2

4

7

12

16

16

16

17

34

35

35

39

42

44

61

Households practicing open defecation, 2012(%)

80

25

28

40

66

82 75

60

72

61

60

40 34

20

0 Total

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

■ Access to latrine

3

May 20, 2016

61

JK AP TN AI KA RJ MP UP BH CG OD JH

Open defecation is high in Uttar Pradesh for richer households too

18

74

45

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

39

73

22

NL DL SK MZ MN TR KL MG GA AS AR PJ UK HR HP WB MH GJ

100

68

Quintile 3

Quintile 4

■ Open defecation

Quintile 5

Uttar Pradesh Health and Education

Secondary school attainment among Uttar Pradesh’s adults lags behind the national average Secondary education attainment, 2012 (% adults) 70 62 58

60 52

50

47 38

40 30 20

18

21

24

24

25

25

25

26

26

27

28

30

32

32

32

32

34

39

40

41

43

43

48

43

34

10 0 TR OD CG BH WB RJ SK MP AS UP JH MZ GJ AR MG AI AP JK UK TN KA PJ MH KL HR HP MN NL GA DL

Latest stunting data available for 2006.

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

There are gains in schooling for the young in Uttar Pradesh Education attainment, (% age 18-30)

Enrollment by age cohort, (%)

50 50 10

21-23 40 40

39

24

18-20

+7

26

+14

53

15-17

26

38

66

+13

Age

30 30

17

39

18

20 20

17

17

75

12-14

18

9-11

+11

86 92

87

+5

10 10

6-8

76

82

+6

00 Illiterate Illiterate

Literate Middle Literateoror Middle primary primaryschool school completed completed completed completed

Secondary Secondary and andabove above

■ 2005

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May 20, 2016

100 100

■ 2012

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

00

20 20

40 40

60 60

80 80

100 100

Uttar Pradesh Health and Education

Public school enrollment in Uttar Pradesh is among the lowest in the country Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0% TR BH AR AS OD WB CG JH MZ SK HP MP GJ

■ All education levels

JK UK AI DL KA MG TN RJ MH HR AP UP NL

● Elementary

PJ MN KL GA

● Secondary and above

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Enrollment in private schools has increased in Uttar Pradesh, more for the top 40 percent Enrollment in public educational institutes, 2012 (%) 100

80

75 67

60

66 58

57

55

48

52 46

40

37

37 29

20

0 All

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

■ 2005

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May 20, 2016

Quintile 3

■ 2012

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

Uttar Pradesh Health and Education

Learning outcomes in Uttar Pradesh are below the national average Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%) 80

75

70

67

60 50 39

40 33

34

42

43

46

47

NL

SK AR UP TR

GJ

44

45

52

52

52

53

54

56

58

67

67

68

60

47

47

47

48

48

RJ

TN KA

AI

BH OD MZ CG WB MH AP MG UK KL MN PJ

34

30 20 10 0 AS MP JH

JK

Low Income States are highlighted in orange, AI is All India.

Learning outcomes have shown little improvement in Uttar Pradesh Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, (%) 100

80

60

40

20

■ Uttar Pradesh

■ All India

0 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

*Data on learning outcomes available for rural areas only.

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May 20, 2016

2012

2013

2014

HR HP

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS Demographics

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Population

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

Urban Share

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

Child Sex Ratio

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Defined as the number of girls per 1,000 boys in the 0-6 age group.

Adults

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Individuals of age 15 years and above are classified as ‘adults’.

• The NSSO conducts employment and unemployment surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.

Working age population not in school

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Individuals of age 15 years and above that are currently not attending any educational institutes

Poor

Poverty lines based on the ‘Tendulkar’ poverty lines published by the former Planning Commission of India

• Households whose monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below the poverty line are classified as ‘poor’.

• Poverty rate is the proportion of population that is counted as poor.

• The number of poor is calculated by applying poverty rates, estimated using NSS data, to population estimates.

Population for 1994 has been estimated by interpolating the 1991 and 2001 census population to January 1st of 1994. Similarly, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012.

Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to noncensus years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• The NSSO conducts consumption expenditure surveys once every 5 years. The most recent survey data is available for the year 2011-12.

• The population census is conducted once every 10 years.

The most recent population census data available is for the year 2011.

Poverty Poverty rate

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

Inequality Gini coefficient

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Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.

• Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, 1 implies perfect inequality.

• Gini coefficient is estimated using survey data on monthly per capita consumption expenditure. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS Welfare distribution

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Consumption expenditure quintiles

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Survey data on household consumption is used to estimate consumption expenditure quintiles within each state in India. Expenditure is adjusted for price differences between rural and urban areas within a state using the Tendulkar poverty lines.

Wealth Index quintiles

National Family Health Survey, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

• Survey data on asset ownership is used to construct a ‘wealth index’ which forms the basis for estimating wealth quintiles within each state in India.

Real GDP/GSDP growth rate

Central Statistical Office (CSO)

Real GDP/GSDP per capita

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• 2014 All-India estimate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) corresponds to the 2011-12 base year (new series). All other All-India GDP and state GSDP estimates correspond to 2004-05 base year and 2004-05 prices (old series).

• All estimates of GDP/GSDP are as of March 31st of the corresponding financial year. For e.g. the Real GSDP for the financial year 1993-94 is as on 31st March 1994.

• Population for the years 1994 to 2011 has been estimated by interpolating census population to March 31st of the corresponding year. For example, population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to March 31st of 2005. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to March 31st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• Growth rate of GSDP/ GDP across any two consecutive years is the simple growth rate. Growth rate over multiple years is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR).

• Composition of 3 main sectors of the economy (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Components of GSDP growth rate represent the contribution of a sector to overall GSDP growth rate. This is estimated by the ratio of increase in value added in a sector to increase in overall value added and multiplying the ratio with the GSDP growth rate.

Income & Growth

Components of GSDP growth rate

Fiscal

2

Debt

Controller General of Accounts (CGA)

Fiscal Deficit

Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

May 20, 2016

• Debt is the government’s outstanding liabilities.

• Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total revenue and total expenditure of the government in the financial year.

• Both are expressed as a ratio of the nominal GDP/ GSDP (market prices).

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Jobs Labor force participation rate

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Adult individuals are classified as part of the labor force if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) or if they have been seeking work or have been available for work for a minimum of 6 months during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the labor force.

Workers/Employed/Number of jobs

Population Census, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Members of the labor force are classified as ‘workers’ if they are working (i.e. engaged in economic activity) for a minimum of 30 days during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. This is otherwise known as the “usual status” definition of the work force.

• The number of jobs/workers is arrived at by applying worker participation rates to population estimates. The ‘number of jobs’ estimate corresponds to the ‘number of workers’. • Population for 1994 and 2005 has been estimated by interpolating census population to January 1st of the corresponding year. Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• Job growth over a certain period is the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR).

• Classification of workers by sector (i) Agriculture/Farm - Agriculture, forestry and fishing (ii) Industry - Mining, manufacturing, utilities, construction (iii) Services – Trade, transport, storage, communication, financial services, real estate, professional services • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.

• A further disaggregated classification of workers by sector FARM – Agriculture/ farming CONS – Construction THR – Trade, hotels and restaurants MANU – Manufacturing PUB - Community, social and personal services TRAN - Transport, storage and communication FIRB - Financing, insurance, real estate and business services MINE+UTIL – Mining & quarrying + Utilities • Classification of workers by wage-type (i) Self-employed – Own account workers, employers and unpaid family workers (ii) Salaried –workers with regular salary (iii) Casual wage – workers with causal wages • The categories - ‘farm all’, ‘non-farm self’, ‘non-farm salaried’, ‘non-farm casual’ are a combination of the sector of work and the type of wage earned.

Job growth Workers by sector/wage-type

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May 20, 2016

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Education Literacy Education attainment

Enrollment Public educational institutes

Learning: Children in Std V who can read Std II level text*, 2014 (%)

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May 20, 2016

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• ‘Literate’ – includes those who have received both formal and informal schooling.

• Education levels explained (i) ‘Illiterate’ – individuals who are not literate. (ii) ‘Literate or primary school completed’ – includes individuals who have completed primary school as well as those are literate but have not completed primary school. (iii) ‘Middle completed’ – individuals who have completed middle school. (iv) ‘Secondary and above’ – individuals who have completed secondary schooling or any level higher. Includes individuals who have completed higher secondary, diploma or certificate course or a graduate, postgraduate or higher degree.

Employment and unemployment surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• Includes all those currently attending formal primary schooling and above.

• Public educational institutes include those that are run by the state/ central governments or by local bodies. This excludes any kind of privately owned and run institutes including private aided institutes.

Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), Trends over time 2006-2014, ASER Centre/ Pratham

• Data available for rural areas only

Technical Appendix

INDICATORS

DATA SOURCE

REMARKS

Health Maternal mortality ratio

Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Maternal mortality ratio is derived as the proportion of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births reported.

• Data for 3 years is pooled to enhance sample size and yield more reliable estimates.

• For states split after the year 2000, i.e. Bihar and Jharkhand; Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand; Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, MMR is estimated jointly.

Infant mortality rate

Sample Registration System, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths (children aged 1 year or less) per 1,000 live births.

Malnutrition: Stunting

National Family Health Survey (NFHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

• ‘Stunting’ defined as percentage of children below age 5 who are short for their age.

• Data for 2006 is from the NFHS and for 2014 is from the RSOC. Though both provide stunting estimates for children below age 5 the numbers for 2006 and 2014 may not be strictly comparable due to differences in survey methodology.

Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC), Ministry of Women and Child Development

Infrastructure & Amenities Electrification

Consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• ‘Electrification’ defined as the proportion of households using electricity as primary source of energy for lighting.

Road density

Basic Roads Statistics, Transport Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

• Road density has been defined as road length per million people and road length per 1,000 sq. km.

• Road length estimates correspond to ‘total road length’ data published in the Basic Roads Statistics report.

• Population for 2005 has been estimated by interpolating 2001 and 2011 census population to January 1st of 2005.

Population for 2012 has been estimated by extrapolating 2011 census population to January 1st 2012. Census data have been interpolated/ extrapolated to non-census years using the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

• Land area estimates have been taken from the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.

Drinking water on premises

Survey of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and housing condition conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)

• The most recent survey data is available for the year 2012.

Open defecation Access to latrine

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May 20, 2016

Technical Appendix

LABEL Data labels

29 STATES AND ALL INDIA

LABEL

SOCIAL GROUP

ST SC OBC General

‘scheduled tribe’ ‘scheduled caste’ ‘other backward class’ ‘others’

(7 ‘low income states’ highlighted)

AI AP AR AS BH CG DL GA GJ HP HR JH JK KA KL MG MH MN MP MZ NL OD PJ RJ SK TN TR UK UP WB

All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Goa Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand Jammu & Kashmir Karnataka Kerala Meghalaya Maharashtra Manipur Madhya Pradesh Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal

Adjustments for split states In the year 2000, 3 large states namely, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh were each split to form two states each.

Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand were the 3 new states created. The NSSO survey data allows us to separately estimate variables for ‘split’ states, enabling us to construct a consistent and comparable series of variables for the pre-split and post-split period.

A consistent and comparable series for population and growth data is not available. Specifically - 1991 population census data for ‘split’ states is not available and GSDP series for ‘split’ states is only available for years after 2000. In order to create a consistent population series, the 1991 population estimates for the parent state have been divided in a way that mirrors the relative shares of the new states’ population in the parent state population in 2001.

In order to create a consistent GSDP series, pre-2000 GSDP figures for the parent state have been divided in a way that preserves the relative shares of the new ‘ GSDP in the parent state GSDP for a ten year period after the year 2000.

In the year 2014, the state of Telangana was carved out of Andhra Pradesh (AP), with the remaining portion of AP retaining the name of the parent state. Separate estimates for Telangana have not been published in the States Briefs. All state-level estimates for Andhra Pradesh correspond to AP and Telangana combined.

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May 20, 2016