C.1 List of Policy Instruments Included in the Scenarios, Indonesia

TABLE C.1 List of Policy Instruments Included in the Scenarios, Indonesia

SCENARIO

Upstream IPR scenario Policy instruments included now (incremental to CP scenario) • Product bans on bags, disposable utensils, takeaway food containers, and beverage cups and lids • Virgin plastic excise tax on all packaging at US$70/metric ton for bottles, rigids, and flexibles, and US$105/metric ton for multimaterials Policy instruments included in five years (incremental to CP scenario) • Subsidies of reuse systems for bottles and rigids at ≈US$140/metric ton • Consumer education campaigns (upstream)

Downstream IPR scenario • Household fees: indirect in megacities and medium-sized cities; direct in periurban areas • Mandatory modulated EPR US$70/ton for bottles, US$130/ton for rigids and monoflexibles and US$150/ton for multimaterials • Household fees: direct in remote areas • Improvement in governance (includes expansion of public financing into formal waste collection, formal sorting, and sanitary landfills)

Recycling IPR scenario

FULL-SYSTEM IPR SCENARIO • Design requirements on bottles, rigids, and monoflexibles • Mandatory modulated EPR US$70/ton for bottles, US$130/ton for rigids and monoflexibles and US$150/ton for multimaterials • Consumer education campaigns (downstream) • Public financing of mechanical and chemical recycling at US$150/ton and $50/ton, respectively

• Mandatory modulated EPR US$70/ton for bottles, US$130/ton for rigids and monoflexibles, and US$150/ton for multimaterials • Virgin plastic excise tax on all packaging at US$70/ton for bottles, rigids, and flexibles, and US$105/ton for multimaterials • Household fees: indirect in megacities and medium-sized cities; direct in periurban areas • Public financing of formal collection • Public financing of landfill facilities and operations • Enforcement of plastic labeling • Impose product bans on bags, disposable utensils, takeaway food containers, and beverage cups and lids • Design requirements on bottles, rigids, and monoflexibles • Consumer education campaigns (downstream) • Virgin plastic excise tax on all packaging at US$70/ton for bottles, rigids, and flexibles, and US$105/ton for multimaterials • Mandatory DRS on all beverage bottles • Enforcement of plastic labeling

• Mandatory DRS on all beverage bottles • Subsidies of reuse systems for bottles and rigids at ≈$140/metric ton • Improvement in governance (includes expanding public financing into formal waste collection, formal sorting, and sanitary landfills)

Source: Adapted from World Bank 2022. Note: CP = current policies; DRS = deposit refund schemes; EPR = extended producer responsibility; IPR = integrated policy reform.

Recycling policy reform: The recycling policy reform scenario focuses on the Indonesia government policy objective related to increasing the market value of plastic waste. This is simulated through mandatory design requirements and labeling, EPR (which includes an increase in financing for collection and sorting), deposit return schemes, excise tax on all packaging made from virgin plastic, public financing of recycling facilities, and consumer