4 minute read

References

23. For a detailed analysis of flaring and flaring intensity trends, see GGFR (2021). 24. GGFR’s Zero Routine Flaring website, accessed May 5, 2021 (https://www.worldbank.org /en/programs/zero-routine-flaring-by-2030#4). 25. Information on the Global Methane Initiatives can be found at https://www.globalmethane .org/about/index.aspx, last accessed on May 25, 2021. 26. Additional information on the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership can be found at https:// www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/oil-and-gas-industry-commits-new -framework-monitor-report-and-reduce, last accessed May 25, 2021. 27. Climate and Clean Air Coalition website, accessed May 25, 2021 (https://www.ccacoalition .org/en/partners). 28. The strategy and the European Union Methane Target Plan are available at https://ec .europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_20_1833, accessed May 25, 2021.

REFERENCES

Ambrose, Jillian. 2019. “Fracking Causing Rise in Methane Emissions, Study Finds.” Guardian,

August 14. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/14/fracking -causing-rise-in-methane-emissions-study-finds. Argonne Venting and Flaring Research Team. 2017. “Analysis of Potential Opportunities to

Reduce Venting and Flaring on the OCS.” Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement,

US Department of Energy. https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/5007aa.pdf. Beck, Chantal, Sahar Rashidbeigi, Occo Roelofsen, and Eveline Speelman. 2020. “The Future Is

Now: How Oil and Gas Companies Can Decarbonize.” McKinsey & Co., January 7. https:// www.mckinsey.com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/the-future-is -now-how-oil-and-gas-companies-can-decarbonize. Buzcu-Guven, Birnur, and Robert Harriss. 2012. “Extent, Impacts and Remedies of Global Gas

Flaring and Venting.” Carbon Management 3 (1): 95–108. Elvidge, Christopher D., Morgan D. Bazilian, Mikhail Zhizhin, Tilottama Ghosh, Kimberly

Baugh, and Feng-Chi Hsu. 2018. “The Potential Role of Natural Gas Flaring in Meeting

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Targets.” Energy Strategy Reviews 20 (2018): 156–62. EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. “Global Anthropogenic Non-CO2

Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 1990–2030.” Office of Atmospheric Programs, Climate Change

Division, US EPA, Washington, DC. GGFR (Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership). 2016. “Gas Flaring Definitions.” World Bank,

Washington, DC. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/755071467695306362 /pdf/106662-NEWS-PUBLIC-GFR-Gas-Flaring-Definitions-29-June-2016.pdf. GGFR (Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership). 2019a. “Gas Flaring Estimates. Methodology for Determining the Flare Volumes from Satellite Data.” World Bank, Washington, DC. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/853661587048977000/Estimation-of-flare-gas-volumes -from-satellite-data-002.pdf. GGFR (Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership). 2019b. “GGFR Technology Overview—

Utilization of Small-Scale Associated Gas.” World Bank, Washington, DC. http://documents .worldbank.org/curated/en/469561534950044964/pdf/GGFR-Technology-Overview -Utilization-of-Small-Scale-Associated-Gas.pdf. GGFR (Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership). 2021. “Global Gas Flaring Tracker

Report.” World Bank, Washington, DC. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc /1f7221545bf1b7c89b850dd85cb409b0-0400072021/original/WB-GGFR-Report-Design -05a.pdf. GGFR (Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership). Forthcoming. “Global Review of Regulation of Gas Flaring and Venting.” World Bank, Washington, DC. Hajilary, Nasibeh, Mahallah Rezakazemi, and Aref Shahi. 2020. “CO2 Emission Reduction by

Zero Flaring Startup in Gas Refinery.” Materials Science for Energy Technologies 3 (2020): 218–24. https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2589299119301375?token=BF435D6FB 7891E604E6C83390A3B0C4CFC74E1903CBC31F10AE032C8ACCA43B14BE867EE2590F 270162A9F54055C5C8B&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20210513182848.

Höglund-Isaksson, L. 2017. “Bottom-Up Simulations of Methane and Ethane Emissions from

Global Oil and Gas Systems 1980 to 2012.” Environmental Research Letters 12 (2). Howarth, Robert W. 2019. “Ideas and Perspectives: Is Shale Gas a Major Driver of Recent

Increase in Global Atmospheric Methane?” Biogeosciences 16 (15): 3033–46. https://doi .org/10.5194/bg-16-3033-2019. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2018. World Energy Outlook 2018. Paris: IEA. https://iea .blob.core.windows.net/assets/77ecf96c-5f4b-4d0d-9d93-d81b938217cb/World_Energy _Outlook_2018.pdf. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2020a. “The Oil and Gas Industry in Energy Transitions.”

World Energy Outlook Special Report. IEA, Paris. https://www.iea.org/reports/the -oil-and-gas-industry-in-energy-transitions. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2020b. “Global Methane Emissions from Oil and Gas:

Insights from the Updated IEA Methane Tracker.” IEA, Paris. https://www.iea.org/articles /global-methane-emissions-from-oil-and-gas. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2020c. “Methane Tracker 2020.” IEA, Paris. https://www .iea.org/reports/methane-tracker-2020. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2020d. “Tracking Fuel Supply 2020.” IEA, Paris. https:// www.iea.org/reports/tracking-fuel-supply-2020. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2020e. “The Covid-19 Crisis and Clean Energy Progress.”

IEA, Paris. https://www.iea.org/reports/the-covid-19-crisis-and-clean-energy-progress. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2021a. “Global Energy Review: CO2 Emissions in 2020.” IEA,

March 2, 2021. https://www.iea.org/articles/global-energy-review-co2-emissions-in-2020. IEA (International Energy Agency). 2021b. “Net Zero by 2050. A Roadmap for the Energy

Sector.” IEA, Paris. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ad0d4830-bd7e-47b6-838c -40d115733c13/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector.pdf. Ipieca. 2018. “Methane Glossary.” Ipieca, London. https://www.ipieca.org/resources/awareness -briefing/methane-glossary/. Ipieca. 2019. “Ipieca Climate Change Reporting Framework: Supplementary Guidance for the

Oil and Gas Industry on Voluntary Sustainability Reporting.” Updated May, Ipieca, London. https://www.ipieca.org/resources/good-practice/ipieca-climate-change -reporting-framework-supplementary-guidance/. Maasakkers, J., D. Jacob, M. Sulprizio, T. Scarpelli, H. Nesser, J.-X. Sheng, Y. Zheng, et al. 2019.

“Global Distribution of Methane Emissions, Emission Trends, and OH Concentrations and

Trends Inferred from an Inversion of GOSAT Satellite Data for 2010–2015.” Atmospheric

Chemistry and Physics 19 (11): 7859–81. Olivier, J. G. J., and J. A. H. W. Peters. 2018. “Trends in Global CO2 and Total Greenhouse Gas

Emissions: 2018 Report.” PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague. Saunois, Marielle, Philippe Bousquet, Ben Poulter, Anna Peregon, Philippe Ciais, Josep G.

Canadell, Edward J. Dlukokencky, et al. 2016. “The Global Methane Budget 2000–2012.”

Earth System Science Data 8 (2): 697–751. Saunois, Marielle, Ann R. Stavert, Ben Poulter, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Robert B.

Jackson, and Peter A. Raymond, et al. 2020. “The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017.” Earth

System Science Data 12 (3): 1561–23. Scarpelli, T., D. Jacob, J. Maasakkers, M. Sulprizio, J.-X. Sheng, K. Rose, L. Romeo, et al. 2019.

“A Global Gridded (0.1 X 0.1) Inventory of Methane Emissions from Oil, Gas, and Coal

Exploitation Based on National Reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change.” Earth System Science Data 12 (1): 563–75. Schulz, Rebecca, Christophe McGlade, and Peter Zeniewski. 2020. “Putting Gas Flaring in the

Spotlight: New Perspectives on a Persistent Challenge.” International Energy Agency,

December 9. https://www.iea.org/commentaries/putting-gas-flaring-in-the-spotlight. Schwietzke, S., O. A. Sherwood, L. Bruhwiler, J. B. Miller, G. Etiope, E. J. Dlugokencky,

S. E. Michel, et al. 2016. “Upward Revision of Global Fossil Fuel Methane Emissions Based on Isotope Database.” Nature 538: 88–91. Turner, A., D. Jacob, K. Wecht, J. Maasakkers, E. Lundgren, A. E. Andrews, S. C. Biraud, et al. 2015.

“Estimating Global and North American Methane Emissions with High Spatial Resolution

Using GOSAT Satellite Data.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15 (2): 7049–69.

This article is from: