Sub-Saharan Africa and Benchmark Countries

Table 5.1 Employment Growth in Manufacturing Industries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Benchmark Countries (%)

Period Food and beverages Textiles and apparel Leather products Wood and paper Chemical and non-metal products

Metal products Electrical and machinery Transport equipment

Total manufacturing

Sub-Saharan Africa

Côte d’Ivoire 1994–97 11.5 9.1 — 4.3 4.8 5.0 2.8 −2.0

Cameroon 1998–2008 1.7 4.8 8.0 1.8 −3.0 4.3 5.1 4.0

Ethiopia 1998–2015 12.6 8.9 14.6 14.2 22.8 21.1 4.9 21.2 Ghana 1995–2003 10.0 −1.0 10.0 0.9 3.3 0.1 −1.7 −5.0 35.6

26.7

120.2

16.6

Kenya 1998–2015 8.9 10.0 25.6 4.2 6.5 8.2 6.8 −10.8 59.5 Malawi 1998–2012 3.0 −4.3 13.1 −3.5 0.8 −1.2 −13.1 13.1 7.9

Senegal 1998–2014 4.2 1.5 10.9 4.6 4.5 −3.9 5.7 5.9

South Africa 1998–2015 0.9 −6.8 −5.8 −1.8 −1.2 −0.8 −1.0 1.5 33.2

−14.9

Asian benchmarks

Bangladesh 1998–2011 9.9 10.1 5.8 6.6 18.7 17.5 7.9 4.5 Indonesia 1998–2015 4.3 2.5 0.9 −1.3 2.7 3.3 3.6 8.3 81.0

24.4

Vietnam 1998–2015 16.5 17.6 17.9 19.1 16.5 19.1 20.4 18.6 145.8

Source: World Bank calculations using data from the United Nations Industrial Development Organization’s Industrial Statistics Database at the 2-digit level of ISIC (INDSTAT2). Note: The reported figures are midpoint growth rates in percentages. Employment growth for each industry is calculated by dividing employment growth of individual industries by the sum of employment growth of all industries multiplied by employment growth in the total manufacturing sector of respective countries. Manufacturing industries are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification Rev. 3 at the 2‐digit level: Food and beverages: food and beverages (15) and tobacco (16); Textiles and apparel: textiles (17) and garments (18); Wood and paper: wood (20), paper (21), recorded media (22), and furniture (36); Chemical and non-metal products: refined petroleum products (23), chemicals (24), plastics and rubber (25), and non-metallic mineral products (26); Metal products: basic metals (27) and fabricated metals (28); Electrical and machinery: machinery and equipment (29), electronics (31 and 32), and precision instruments (33); Transport equipment: transport machines (34 and 35). — = not available. JOB GAINS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, AND THE ROLE OF UPGRADING