"Beginning in 2003, diverse and significant actors, both domestic and international, engaged
in reconstruction activities in Iraq. The total budget committed to Iraq’s reconstruction was
unprecedented among postconflict operations mobilized by the international community. Despite the
vast sums of money spent, and the implementation of its many projects and programs, the donors and
the Iraqi people view the reconstruction efforts in Iraq in a negative light.
The Reconstruction of Iraq after 2003: Learning from Its Successes and Failures focuses on the period
between 2003 and 2014—that is, after the United States†“led invasion and overthrow of the Saddam
Hussein regime, and before the sudden rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also
known as Daesh. This book assesses several dimensions of Iraq’s reconstruction. First, it considers the
response of key international actors, such as the United Nations, the World Bank, the United States,
and other bilateral donors—specifically, the European Unio
