Fall 2021 World Bank Group Publications and eProducts

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Flagship Titles.............................................. 1

Europe & Central Asia................................ 25

Featured Titles........................................... 11

International Development in Focus............ 26

Handbooks & Manuals............................... 19

International Development in Practice......... 26

Africa......................................................... 20

Online Resources........................................ 30

South Asia................................................. 23

World Bank eLibrary Sales Agents............... 31

East Asia & Pacific...................................... 24

Index......................................................... 32

Latin America & the Caribbean................... 25

World Bank Publications Distributors........... III

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WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2022 Finance for an Equitable Recovery By the World Bank

The World Development Report 2022 is a practical guide to help low- and middleincome countries develop strategies to strengthen financial markets for a more equitable recovery from the COVID-19 economic crisis. Grounded in research and real-world experience, the report assesses the financial and economic impacts of COVID-19 and provides recommendations for addressing financial fragilities as nations rebuild.

Chapter 1 begins with an overview of the economic and financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on households and small- and medium-sized businesses and documents the governmental actions taken early in the crisis to contain the economic fallout. It highlights the impact of the crisis on preexisting fragilities that will require structural reforms and investments in the financial sector to enable recovery.

Chapters 2 and 3 provide blueprints for action to facilitate recovery and address structural gaps in legal and governance rules. Chapter 2 focuses on the policies needed to support banks and avoid a credit crunch that could derail recovery, as fiscal and financial support programs are scaled back and loan defaults increase.

Chapter 3 addresses the critical role of formal and informal bankruptcy provisions in helping households and small businesses reduce their debt burdens and pursue debt workouts in an orderly manner, mitigating the risks that excessive debt levels pose for recovery. Chapter 4 explores the role of technology as both a component of the recovery and as a tool that must be actively managed to ensure it serves to expand access, opportunity, and transparency in the crisis recovery. The report concludes with insights on unwinding government supports and addressing accumulated sovereign debts, and it highlights the questions that will require ongoing, targeted research.

WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT December 2021. 150 pages. Stock no. C211730 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1730-4). US$48.50

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GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS, JUNE 2021 By the World Bank 30th anniversary edition

A World Bank Group Flagship Report

JUNE 2021

Global Economic Prospects

The world economy is experiencing a very strong but uneven recovery, with many emerging market and developing economies facing obstacles to vaccination. The global outlook remains uncertain, with major risks around the path of the pandemic and the possibility of financial stress amid large debt loads. Policy makers face a difficult balancing act as they seek to nurture the recovery while safeguarding price stability and fiscal sustainability. A comprehensive set of policies will be required to promote a strong recovery that mitigates inequality and enhances environmental sustainability, ultimately putting economies on a path of green, resilient, and inclusive development. Prominent among the necessary policies are efforts to lower trade costs so that trade can once again become a robust engine of growth.

This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Global Economic Prospects. The Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June).

Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies.

GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS July 2021. 178 pages. Stock no. C211665 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1665-9). US$48.50

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DOING BUSINESS 2021

*This title was cancelled and the series was discontinued.

By the World Bank

Doing Business 2021 is the 18th in a series of annual studies investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. It provides quantitative indicators covering 11 areas of the business environment in 191 economies.

Doing Business 2021 is the 18th in a series of annual studies investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. It provides quantitative indicators covering 11 areas of the business environment in 191 economies. The goal of the Doing Business series is to provide objective data for use by governments in designing sound business regulatory policies and to encourage research on the important dimensions of the regulatory environment for firms.

Doing Business captures several important dimensions of the regulatory environment affecting domestic firms. It provides quantitative indicators on FPO regulation for starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. More than 48,000 professionals in 191 economies have assisted in providing the data that inform the Doing Business indicators.

Doing Business 2021

Doing Business is founded on the principle that economic activity benefits from clear rules: rules that allow voluntary exchanges between economic actors, set out strong property rights, facilitate the resolution of commercial disputes, and provide contractual partners with protections against arbitrariness and abuse.

Such rules are much more effective in promoting growth and development when they are efficient, transparent, and accessible to those for whom they are intended.

ISBN 978-1-4648-1440-2

90000

9 781464 814402

SKU 211440

Overview

Tackling burdensome regulation

Chapter 1. About Doing Business

DOING BUSINESS August 2021. 146 pages. Stock no. C211592 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1592-8). US$43.00

Chapter 5.

Contracting with the government

Chapter 6.

Ease of doing business score and ease of doing

business ranking

Chapter 2.

The effects of business regulation

Chapter 3.

Removing obstacles to entrepreneurship

Chapter 7.

Summaries of Doing Business reforms

Chapter 4.

Employing workers

Chapter 8.

References

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THE FIFTH GENERATION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY 5G as an Opportunity to Leapfrog Development

By Rami Amin, Niccolo Comini, Vivien Foster, Natalija Gelvanovska-Garcia, Kay Kim, Hyea Won Lee, Maria Claudia Pachon, Je Myung Ryu, and Zhijun William Zhang

The global race for 5G has seen countries riding a new wave of mobile technology.

5G is the next-generation mobile communication technology that enables a different level of performance and innovative applications vis-à-vis 4G, which is currently in use by most people in the world. With its debut in 2019, 5G became a reality in several countries, and it had more than 100 commercial launches by the end of 2020.

For some countries, 5G services may seem to be in a distant future; for others, 5G is the initiation into the Fourth Industrial Revolution. With an estimated impact on global GDP in the trillions of US dollars and global job additions in the millions in the next decade, 5G has the potential for an immense impact on job creation, productivity, and competitiveness. When 5G has been fully implemented, its disruptive potential threatens to make irreversible the digital divide between early and late adopters.

SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE December 2021. 200 pages. Stock no. C211604 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1604-8). US$48.50

Should countries that have yet to turn off 3G services be concerned? Emerging markets have unique characteristics that set them apart from frontier economies: rapid growth in mobile connectivity, nascent markets for fixed infrastructure, and younger populations. These factors are poised to increase the adoption of mobile broadband and demand for better connection and services. In other words, 5G may be a powerful force that will help countries leapfrog technologies and accelerate toward meeting their Sustainable Development Goals.

If so, what are the necessary steps for developing countries to prepare for the next technological wave and to ensure equitable distribution of the gains from 5G? The potential dual nature of the impact of 5G on developing countries calls for an accurate diagnosis of its implications as well as its risks. This report explores the latest innovation in mobile technology, the tremendous opportunities that could be reaped from adopting 5G, the costs and challenges associated with 5G, the effective management of its associated risks, and the policy considerations for developing countries to most effectively deploy and utilize the 5G network.

SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE The Sustainable Infrastructure series covers a wide range of policy topics related to network infrastructure services, including energy, multimodal transportation, information and communication technologies and digital development, water and sanitation, and urban and rural infrastructure, as well as irrigation and flood management.

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BOOSTING PRODUCTIVITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

By César Calderón

The rising concentration of extreme poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa over the past quarter century can be attributed to the fact that economic growth has been slow, productivity levels and the contribution of total factor productivity to growth are still low, and growth has not been inclusive enough to put a big dent in poverty. What explains the dismal performance on labor productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa compared with the rest of the developing world? This report argues that first, physical capital is scarce, and economic activities in the region have low capital intensity relative to other regions. Second, although human capital levels were relatively similar in Sub-Saharan Africa relative to a group of East Asian Pacific countries in 1960, insufficient investment and poor outcomes led not only to relatively lower levels but also to low quality of human capital.

Finally, scarce resources, compounded by the inefficiencies in their allocation across productive units (with different levels of productivity), translate into low aggregate labor productivity.

Sub-Saharan Africa needs policies to boost productivity across all sectors of economic activity, especially in those sectors in which most poor people make their living. The region needs policies that improve productivity in the agriculture sector, foster rural development, and create jobs for youth who are joining the labor force.

September 2021. 170 pages. Stock no. C211550 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1550-8). US$39.95

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A CONTINENT-WIDE DIGITAL ECONOMY FOR AFRICA Opportunities and Challenges for More Productive and Inclusive Growth By the World Bank

Africa has an urgent need to boost productivity and more inclusive growth. Low digital access and use, combined with affordability challenges linked to inadequate purchasing power, skills, and limited competition, prevent digital technology (DT) adoption from playing its role in addressing productivity and inclusion challenges.

These specific features of the African continent motivate this report.

Additional Africa-specific characteristics relevant for this report include: a “youth bulge” phenomenon—Africa has the fastest growing labor force yet has the lowest levels of human capital; a large number of countries afflicted by fragility, conflict, violence, and climate shocks; emerging DT innovations; and Africa being home to all 10 economies worldwide in which more adults have mobile money accounts rather than financial institution accounts.

This report is intended to provide conceptual and empirical learnings to help support the ongoing implementation of a continent-wide Digital Transformation for Africa initiative that will span the next decade.

February 2022. 200 pages. Stock no. C211737 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1737-3). US$48.50

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The continent-wide initiative seeks to support policies and investments across five pillars of the digital economy, namely: (1) digital infrastructure, (2) digital skills and literacy, (3) digital entrepreneurship, (4) digital financial services, and (5) digital platforms. It includes cross-cutting areas, such as implementing strong regulatory frameworks to foster competition and maximize finance for development; managing data privacy and cybersecurity risks; empowering women and users in fragile and conflict- and violence-afflicted states; and facilitating DT usage in areas ranging from e-government, health, and education to agriculture and e-commerce applications.

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THE UPSIDE OF DIGITAL FOR THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA How Digital Technology Adoption Can Accelerate Growth and Create Jobs

By Ana Paula Cusolito, Clément Gévaudan, Daniel Lederman, and Christina Wood

The argument that digitalization fosters economic activity has become more clear during the current crisis brought by the global COVID-19 pandemic. The authors argue that because digital technologies are general purpose technologies, usable across a wide variety of economic activities, the gains from achieving universal coverage of digital services are likely to be large and shared across the economies.

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, however, appears to suffer from a “digital paradox.”Its population is characterized by excess use of social media relative to the level that would be expected, given its level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, but the region underperforms in terms of using the internet or other digital tools to make payments. The report presents evidence that the socioeconomic upside of digitalizing the economy of MENA is probably substantial: GDP per capita could rise by more than 40 percent; manufacturing revenues per units of factors of production could increase by 37 percent; employment in manufacturing could rise by 7 percent; tourist arrivals could rise by 70 percent and create jobs in the hospitality sector; long-term unemployment rates could fall to negligible levels; and female labor force participation could double to more than 40 percent. To reap these gains, universal digital access is crucial, as is widespread digital use for economic purposes.

The authors explore how fast MENA could approach universal coverage and whether targeting the rollout of digital infrastructure services makes a difference.

They also explore what is needed to increase the use of digital payment tools. The authors explain how more rapid gains can be achieved by targeting universal access to digital services to the underserved populations and areas. They emphasize the pivotal role of increased competition and better-functioning financial and telecom sectors in facilitating the adoption of digital technologies. Lastly, they emphasize the need to build societal trust in the government and related institutions, such as banks and financial services, in fostering the increased use of digital payments tools.

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The Upside of Digital for the Middle East and North Africa How Digital Technology Adoption Can Accelerate Growth and Create Jobs Ana Paula Cusolito, Clément Gévaudan, Daniel Lederman, and Christina Wood

August 2021. 80 pages. Stock no. C211663 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1663-5). US$48.50

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LAND FOR PRODUCTIVE, INCLUSIVE, AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA By the World Bank

Economic uses of land include housing, ecological conservation, public space, and as a factor of production for activities in both rural and urban areas. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is the region where land is the most scarce, as only 4.7 percent of its total land area is arable. Strikingly, although 3.9 percent of the world's population lives in MENA, it is estimated that the region only hosts 2.6 percent of the world's rural land in value terms. There are only 0.12 hectares of arable land per person in the region, a ratio that is between four and five times smaller than in North America. These figures are the result of a continuous and intensifying pattern of land degradation in the region, which is caused by multiple factors—including climate change but also overgrazing, urbanization, exploitation of natural resources, and failure of resource management policies.

October 2021. 220 pages. Stock no. C211661 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1661-1). US$48.50

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While land in MENA is becoming more scarce, the population is projected to increase by 40 percent between 2020 and 2050, when the region’s population will swell to at least 660 million people. Because of this massive population growth and potentially rising incomes, the demand for food and derived agricultural land will increase substantially. A manifestation of how tense the issue of agricultural land scarcity has become is the global rush for agricultural land that followed the 2008 world food price crises; this rush sent investors from scarce-land countries concerned with food insecurity issues—including several sovereign wealth funds from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)—searching abroad for large tracts of land suitable for cultivation. A much less discussed issue, however, is that the demand for urban land is also poised to significantly increase to accommodate the projected urbanization and urban expansion trends in MENA countries.

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HIDDEN DEBT Solutions to Avert the Next Financial Crisis in South Asia

By Martin Melecky

Melecky

The COVID-19 crisis, which has sent economies in South Asia and around the South Asia Development Matters world into a deep recession, has highlighted South Asia's rising debt levels and sizable hidden liabilities. State-owned enterprises, state-owned commercial banks, and public-private partnerships have been at the center of the rising debt wave and the latest pandemic response. Historically, South Asia has relied on these direct public interventions more than other regions. The interventions have helped governments tackle key development challenges and rapidly deliver relief measures during crises. However, because of their inefficiencies and weak governance, the interventions are also a significant source of public indebtedness and macrofinancial risks.

Hidden Debt

Hidden Debt Solutions to Avert the Next Financial Crisis in South Asia

Hidden Debt examines the trade-off between tackling development challenges through direct state presence in the market and avoiding unsustainable debt due to economic inefficiencies of such off–balance sheet operations, which greatly leverage public capital. The study recommends a reform agenda based on the four interrelated principles of purpose, incentives, transparency, and accountability (PITA). The reforms can mitigate the risks that off–balance sheet operations will become the source of the next financial crisis in South Asia.

Hidden Debt examines the tradeoff between tackling development challenges through direct state presence in the market and avoiding unsustainable debt due to economic inefficiencies of off-balance sheet operations that greatly leverage public capital. The study recommends a reform agenda based on the four interrelated principles of purpose, incentives, transparency, and accountability (PITA). The reforms can mitigate the risks that off-balance sheet operations will become the source of the next financial crisis in the region.

Hidden Debt Solutions to Avert the Next Financial Crisis in South Asia

The COVID-19 crisis, which has sent economies in South Asia and around the world into a deep recession, has highlighted South Asia’s rising debt levels and sizable hidden liabilities. State-owned enterprises, state-owned commercial banks, and public-private partnerships have been at the center of the rising debt wave and the latest pandemic response. Historically, South Asia has relied on these direct public interventions more than other regions. The interventions have helped governments tackle key development challenges and rapidly deliver relief measures during crises. However, because of their inefficiencies and weak governance, the interventions are also a significant source of public indebtedness and macrofinancial risks.

South Asia Development Matters

Solutions to Avert the Next Financial Crisis in South Asia

www.worldbank.org/southasiahiddendebt

ISBN 978-1-4648-1667-3

Martin Melecky

SKU 211667

SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT MATTERS July 2021. 194 pages. Stock no. C211667 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1667-3). US$48.50

SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT MATTERS This regional flagship series serves as a vehicle for in-depth synthesis of economic and policy analysis on key development topics for South Asia. It aims to promote dialogue and debate with all of the World Bank’s partners—from policy makers to civil society organizations, academic institutions, development practitioners, and the media—and to contribute toward building consensus among all those who care about stimulating development and eradicating poverty in South Asia.

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EMPLOYMENT IN CRISIS The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America

By Joana Silva, Liliana D. Sousa, Truman G. Packard, and Raymond Robertson

WORLD BANK LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN STUDIES

Employment in Crisis The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America

A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster longterm and inclusive economic growth.

This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction.

Joana Silva, Liliana D. Sousa, Truman G. Packard, and Raymond Robertson

WORLD BANK LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN STUDIES August 2021. 158 pages. Stock no. C211672 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1672-7). US$43.00

Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound quickly, exacerbating the region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. The reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better.

Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure.

Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources.

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CHANGING WEALTH OF NATIONS 2021 Managing Assets for the Future By the World Bank

Wealth, measured comprehensively to include all assets (produced, human, and natural capital) underpins national income, and sustained growth over the long term requires investment in this broad portfolio of assets.

Changing Wealth of Nations 2021 firmly establishes wealth as a measure of sustainability and key component of country analytics by (1) expanding the coverage and improving the quality of all assets, notably natural capital, and (2) demonstrating how wealth accounts can be applied in analytics to areas of major policy concern, including climate change and natural resource policy reform.

September 2021. 250 pages. Stock no.

C211590 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1590-4).

US$48.50

THE ECONOMIC CASE FOR NATURE

By Justin Andrew Johnson, Giovanni Ruta, Uris Baldos, Raffaello Cervigni, Shun Chonabayashi, Erwin Corong, Olga Gavryliuk, James Gerber, Thomas Hertel, Christopher Nootenboom, and Stephen Polasky

Biodiversity and ecosystems are being lost at an alarming rate. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) recently warned that the health of ecosystems on which humans and all other species depend is deteriorating more rapidly than projected. Around 1 million animal and plant species (out of an estimated 8 million in total) are now threatened with extinction, many within decades—more than ever before in human history. The average abundance of native species in most major landbased habitats has fallen by at least 20 percent, mostly since 1900. More than 40 percent of amphibian species, almost 33 percent of reef-forming corals, and more than one-third of all marine mammals are threatened. The picture is less clear for insect species, but available evidence supports a tentative estimate of 10 percent under threat. At least 680 vertebrate species had been driven to extinction since the 16th century; more than 9 percent of all domesticated breeds of mammals used for food and agriculture had become extinct by 2016. At least 1,000 more breeds are still threatened.

November 2021. 150 pages. Stock no.

C211749 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1749-6).

US$43.00

This will eventually translate into impacts on economies, livelihoods, food security, health, and quality of life worldwide. Current negative trends in biodiversity and ecosystems will undermine progress toward 80 percent (35 out of 44) of the assessed targets of the Sustainable Development Goals related to poverty, hunger, health, water, cities, climate, oceans, and land (SDGs 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 13, 14, and 15). The loss of biodiversity has been shown to have not only environment consequences but also developmental, economic, security, societal, and moral consequences.

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AT YOUR SERVICE? The Promise of Services-Led Development

By Gaurav Nayyar, Mary Hallward-Driemeier, and Elwyn Davies

At Your Service?

prosperity. But in the past e services sector growing oping economies to close our Service? The Promise and policy directions that

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Nayyar, Hallward-Driemeier, and Davies

growth and development. ome perceptions—holds of evidence ever produced sector’s potential among

Gaurav Nayyar, Mary Hallward-Driemeier, and Elwyn Davies

1

August 2021. 280 pages. Stock no.

C211671 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1671-0).

US$48.50

Throughout history, industrialization has been synonymous with development.

However, the trend of premature deindustrialization and the spread of automation technologies associated with Industry 4.0 has raised concerns that the development model based on export-led manufacturing seen in East Asia will be harder for hitherto less industrialized countries to replicate in the future.

Can services-led development be an alternative? Contrary to conventional wisdom, the features of manufacturing that were considered uniquely conducive for productivity growth—such as international trade, scale economies, intersectoral linkages, and innovation—are increasingly shared by the services sector.

But services are not monolithic. The twin gains of productivity growth and largescale job creation for relatively low-skilled workers are less likely to come together in any given services subsector. The promise of services-led development in the future will be strengthened to the extent that technological change reduces the trade-off between productivity and jobs, and growth opportunities in services with the potential for high productivity do not depend on a manufacturing base.

Considering technological change and linkages between sectors while differentiating across types of services, this book assesses the scope of a servicesdriven development model and policy directions that maximize its potential.

PLACE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND PROSPERITY Revisiting Spatially Targeted Policies for Regional Development

By Arti Grover, Somik Lall, and William Maloney

The spatial dimension of productivity and inclusive growth has moved to center stage.The geographic concentration of economic activity has boosted productivity, growing disparities between prospering places and those left behind have polarized countries, and rapid urbanization has often led to dysfunctional cities. In response, governments have put forward a variety of spatial policies that include special economic zones, business incentives, transport corridors, revival of lagging areas, and development of new urban centers.

November 2021. 240 pages. Stock no.

C211670 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1670-3).

US$48.50

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Place, Productivity, and Prosperity develops a framework for thinking through such spatially targeted policies and assessing their social value, while presenting new evidence on key empirical issues. It highlights the constraints imposed by path dependence and coordination failures in reorienting the spatial economy. It also considers the role of complementary policies, including market institutions, in enhancing the benefits and managing the downside risks with spatially targeted interventions. The framework is applied to evaluate several popular spatial interventions.

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GLOBAL PRODUCTIVITY Trends, Drivers, and Policies Edited by Alistair Dieppe

The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global economy after a decade that featured a broad-based slowdown in productivity growth.

Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies presents the first comprehensive analysis of the evolution and drivers of productivity growth, examines the effects of COVID-19 on productivity, and discusses a wide range of policies needed to rekindle productivity growth. The book also provides a far-reaching dataset of multiple measures of productivity for up to 164 advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies and introduces a new sectoral database of productivity.

June 2021. 460 pages. Stock no. C211608 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1608-6). US$59.50

THE LONG SHADOW OF INFORMALITY Challenges and Policies

By Franziska Ohnsorge and Shu Yu

A large percentage of workers and firms operates in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies.

This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic—unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality.

This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes—including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.

The Long Shadow of Informality

Advance Edition

Challenges and Policies

Edited by Franziska Ohnsorge and Shu Yu

December 2021. 350 pages. Stock no.

C211753 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1753-3).

US$53.95

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Christine Zhenwei Qiang | Yan Liu | Victor Steenbergen

An Investment Perspective on Global Value Chains examines the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in global value chains (GVCs). To stimulate economic transformation through GVCs, policy makers in developing countries need to better understand the business strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs), the internationalization pathways for domestic firms, and the ways that policies can create a favorable environment for both types of firms.

Part I brings together the latest theories and empirical evidence to illustrate the mutually reinforcing relationship between FDI and GVC participation. It argues that MNCs have driven the phenomenal rise of GVCs in the past three decades as they have unbundled production processes and spread their networks on a global scale. Domestic firms benefit considerably from their participation in GVCs as they learn from MNCs through investment, partnerships, or trade.

June 2021. 398 pages. Stock no. C211683 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1683-3). US$53.95

Part II includes six case studies examining the approaches of developing countries in leveraging FDI to stimulate and facilitate GVC participation and upgrading. The cases include Kenya (horticulture), Honduras (apparel), Malaysia (electronics), and Mauritius (tourism). Another case focuses on the digital economy for the Republic of China, India, and the Republic of Korea. Each case study presents a different approach by which policy makers have leveraged FDI to stimulate and facilitate GVC participation and upgrading.

THE DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTS OF TRADE Empirical Innovations, Analytical Tools, and Policy Responses

By Jakob Engel, Deeksha Kokas, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, and Maryla Maliszewska

TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT SERIES

The Distributional Impacts of Trade Empirical Innovations, Analytical Tools, and Policy Responses

Engel, Kokas, Lopez-Acevedo, Maliszewska

level

An Investment Perspective on Global Value Chains

The Distributional Impacts of Trade

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By Christine Zhenwei Qiang, Yan Liu, and Victor Steenbergen

An Investment Perspective on Global Value Chains

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widely.

AN INVESTMENT PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS

Qiang, Liu, Steenbergen

ion.

FEATURED TITLES

Jakob Engel Deeksha Kokas Gladys Lopez-Acevedo Maryla Maliszewska

upport

de.

SBN 978-1-4648-1704-5

SKU 211704

Trade is a well-established driver of growth and poverty reduction. But changes in trade policy also have distributional impacts that create winners and losers. It is vital to understand and clearly communicate how trade affects economic wellbeing across all segments of the population, as well as how policies can more effectively ensure that the gains from trade are distributed more widely.

The Distributional Impacts of Trade: Empirical Innovations, Analytical Tools, and Policy Responses provides a deeper understanding of the distributional effects of trade across regions, industries, and demographic groups within countries over time. It includes an overview (chapter 1); a review of innovations in empirical and theoretical work covering the impacts of trade at the subnational level (chapter 2); highlights from empirical case studies on Bangladesh, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, and Sri Lanka (chapter 3); and a policy agenda to improve distributional outcomes from trade (chapter 4).

TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT June 2021. 128 pages. Stock no. C211704 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1704-5). US$43.00

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FEATURED TITLES

INNOVATIONS IN TAX COMPLIANCE Building Trust, Navigating Politics, and Tailoring Reform

By Roel Dom, Anna Custers, Stephen Davenport, and Wilson Prichard

Recent decades have witnessed important progress in strengthening tax systems in developing countries. Yet many areas of reform have remained stubbornly resistant to major improvements. Overall revenue collection still falls short of what is needed to support effective governance and service delivery; tax collection is too often characterized by high rates of evasion among large corporations and the rich and disproportionate, though often hidden, burdens on lower-income groups.

As countries around the world deal with large COVID-19-induced debt burdens, a focus on strengthening tax systems is especially timely.

Innovations in Tax Compliance draws on recent research and experience to present a new conceptual framework to guide more effective approaches to reform.

Building on the achievements of recent decades, it argues for an expanded focus on the overlapping goals of building trust, navigating political resistance, and tailoring reform to unique local contexts through a focus on identifying the most binding constraints on reform. This focus, it argues, can lead not only to greater compliance, increased fairness, and higher revenues; it can also contribute to the building of state capacity, sustained political support for further reforms, and stronger fiscal contracts between citizens and governments.

November 2021. 340 pages. Stock no.

C211755 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1755-7).

US$53.95

FROM PLATITUDES TO PRACTICE 2.0 Targeting By the World Bank

This report will help policy makers to better design and implement targeted safety nets programs around the world. The first section aims to assist analysts and policy makers to evaluate program performance and the distributional impacts of social programs more thoroughly. It presents a pedagogical piece describing the pros and cons of different metrics used to evaluate targeting, their properties, and how and when to use them to best advantage.

The second section provides empirical evidence on the performance of social programs across a wide range of contexts, program types, and targeting methods.

Such benchmarking can help set realistic expectations for policy makers and empirically ground the often hot debates on targeting. The third section provides a basic framework, concepts, terminology, and “how-to” of several of the most used targeting methods addressing both the technical aspects and operational business rules of methods. The fourth and final section reviews and evaluates the latest methods and technologies and the use of alternative data sources to build and adjust poverty targeting algorithms.

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October 2021. 150 pages. Stock no.

C211751 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1751-9).

US$43.00

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FEATURED TITLES

PRIMER ON LARGE-SCALE ASSESSMENTS OF EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT

By Marguerite Clarke and Diego Luna-Bazaldua national assessments of educational achievement

P R I ME R on LA R GE - S CA L E AS S E S S M E N T S of ED U CAT IO N A L AC H I E V E ME N T Marguerite Clarke and Diego Luna-Bazaldua

NATIONAL ASSESSMENTS OF EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT

To improve their education systems, countries around the world have increasingly initiated national large-scale assessment programs or participated in international or regional large-scale assessment studies for the first time. Well-constructed large-scale assessments can provide credible information on student achievement levels, which, in turn, can promote better resource allocation to schools, stronger education service delivery, and improved learning outcomes.

The World Bank developed this Primer on Large-Scale Assessments of Educational Achievement as a first-stop resource for those wanting to understand how to design, administer, analyze, and use the results from these assessments of student achievement. The book addresses frequently asked questions from people working on large-scale assessment projects and those interested in making informed decisions about them. Each chapter introduces a stage in the assessment process and offers advice, guidelines, and country examples. This book also reports on emerging trends in large-scale assessment and provides updated information on regional and international large-scale assessment programs.

June 2021. 160 pages. Stock no. C211659 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1659-8). US$43.00

A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO ADVANCING EARLY LEARNING AT SCALE

By Magdalena Bendini, Amanda Devercelli, and Elaine Ding

High-quality early childhood education (ECE) can foster foundational skills, boost children's ability to learn, and prepare them for school. Early childhood is a unique period of development, and well-designed ECE programs can harness children's natural abilities and motivation to learn. Children who attend ECE programs that effectively cultivate their abilities and motivation to learn have higher attendance and better achievement rates in primary school, and they are less likely to repeat, drop out, or require remedial or special education. Moreover, the skills children develop during childhood are important predictors of later academic and life success. Quality early learning programs can also promote equity: in both rich and poor countries, the most disadvantaged children benefit the most from quality ECE programs.

October 2021. 200 pages. Stock no.

C211741 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1741-0).

US$48.50

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Multiple fields of inquiry, including neuroscience, developmental and cognitive psychology, education, and economics, can inform the design of ECE programs.

This report will distill the relevant evidence from across these fields to produce actionable guidance on how to build quality ECE programs that prepare all children to thrive in school and beyond.

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FEATURED TITLES

MINI GRIDS FOR HALF A BILLION PEOPLE Market Outlook and Handbook By the World Bank

The objective of Mini Grids for Half A Billion People is to present road-tested options and examples from the frontier of mini grid development in each of the topics presented in this book, which decision makers can modify and implement to scale up mini grid deployment.

By acknowledging different national-level approaches to mini grids and providing context-specific considerations for implementation, it provides an adaptive approach to helping countries achieve their electrification targets.

July 2021. 456 pages. Stock no. C211594 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1594-2). US$59.50

HIDDEN DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY Natural Resources and the Environment

By Carter Brandon and Harun Dogo

This report focuses on the impact of environmental degradation on the poorest countries and the sustainability of the economic development model. The global pattern of development observed over the past 25 years has yielded impressive returns, but they come at a high cost of environmental degradation. The authors find that the environmental costs of development are disproportionately borne by the extreme poor and that the changing quality of local natural capital plays a determining role in the process of poverty reduction. Importantly, regardless of the definition of sustainability used, the historical model of development does not appear to be sustainable in the poorest areas of the world.

Therefore, achieving the World Bank's poverty goals in a sustainable manner will require more aggressive policy changes than are generally expected. No single set of policy recommendations can apply to all countries, as decoupling economic and poverty alleviation growth from environmental damages depends on the country context. Still, one truism does apply to all countries: the World Bank’s twin goals of poverty alleviation and shared prosperity simply cannot be achieved in an economy and environment that are unsustainable. Maintaining the sustainable use of natural capital and healthy ecosystems is a fundamental part of what countries need to be able to achieve the twin goals.

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ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT August 2021. 250 pages. Stock no.

C211246 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1246-0).

US$45.00

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FEATURED TITLES

EBB AND FLOW Volume 1: Water, Migration, and Development

By Edoardo Borgomeo, Anders Jägerskog, Esha Zaveri, Jason Russ, Amjad Khan, and Richard Damania

Migration shapes the lives of those who move, and it transforms the geographies and economies of their points of departure and destinations alike. The water sector, and the availability of water itself, both implicitly and explicitly shape migration flows. Ebb and Flow explores the why, who, where, and what that are at the nexus of water and migration, and it considers the implications for economic development.

Volume 1 provides the first-ever global assessment of these issues and how they relate to migration within national borders. The new analyses highlight important nuances that are critical for designing policy and building resilience within communities.

September 2021. 100 pages. Stock no.

C211745 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1745-8).

US$43.00

EBB AND FLOW Volume 2: Water in the Shadow of Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa

By Edoardo Borgomeo, Anders Jägerskog, Esha Zaveri, Jason Russ, Amjad Khan, and Richard Damania

Volume 2 of Ebb and Flow provides unique regional insights into water and migration dynamics. It focuses on the world's most water-scarce region, where already high levels of intraregional and international migration have recently met with unprecedented levels of conflict-induced forced displacement.

The report examines the links between water risks (harmful outcomes related to water from droughts and floods to lack of sanitation), conflict, and forced displacement. It seeks to better understand how to address the vulnerabilities of forcibly displaced persons and their host communities, as well as to identify effective water policies and investment responses.

September 2021. 100 pages. Stock no.

C211746 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1746-5).

US$43.00

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HANDBOOKS & MANUALS

IMPACT EVALUATION IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Theory, Methods, and Practice Edited by Paul Glewwe and Petra E. Todd

Impact evaluations are studies that attempt to measure the causal impact of a project, program, or policy on an outcome of interest to governments and other interested parties. The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive set of skills that will enable the reader to conduct impact evaluations. The underlying assumption of this book is that impact evaluations are worth doing, even though they can be quite expensive and in some circumstances may not work.

This comprehensive volume by pioneering researchers in the field is an invaluable guide to the theory and practice of impact evaluation, covering a range of statistical methodologies and topics from sample design to dissemination of results. It will be of tremendous use to researchers planning impact evaluations.

August 2021. 570 pages. Stock no.

C211497 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1497-6).

US$59.95

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN PRACTICE The DIME Analytics Data Handbook

By Kristoffer Bjärkefur, Luiza Cardoso de Andrade, Benjamin Daniels, and Maria Ruth Jones Development Research in Practice leads the reader through a complete empirical

Development Research in Practice is intended to teach all users of development data how to handle data effectively, efficiently, and ethically. The handbook leads the reader through a complete empirical research project, providing links to continuously updated resources on the DIME Wiki, as well as illustrative examples from the Demand for Safe Spaces study conducted in Rio de Janeiro. The premise is that standardizing and simplifying data tasks improves research quality and enables more effective collaboration.

research project, providing links to continuously updated resources on the DIME Wiki as well as illustrative examples from the Demand for Safe Spaces study. The handbook is intended to train users of development data how to handle data effectively, efficiently, and ethically.

—Marshall Burke, Associate Professor, Department of Earth System Science, and Deputy Director, Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University

—Edward Miguel, Oxfam Professor in Environmental and Resource Economics and Faculty Director of the Center for Effective Global Action, University of California, Berkeley

“The DIME Analytics Data Handbook is a must-read for any data-driven researcher looking to create credible research outcomes and policy advice. By meticulously describing detailed steps, from project planning via ethical and responsible code and data practices to the publication of research papers and associated replication packages, the DIME handbook makes the complexities of transparent and credible research easier.”

The Development Research in Practice handbook is the quintessential desk reference for anyone who handles data as part of a research team, policy makers and managers who oversee such endeavors, and students in any discipline who plan to enter the modern research workforce.

Bjärkefur, Cardoso de Andrade, Daniels, Jones

—Ruth E. Levine, PhD, CEO, IDinsight

“Development Research in Practice: The DIME Analytics Data Handbook is an important resource and a must-read for all development economists, empirical social scientists, and public policy analysts. Based on decades of pioneering work at the World Bank on data collection, measurement, and analysis, the handbook provides valuable tools to allow research teams to more efficiently and transparently manage their work flows—yielding more credible analytical conclusions as a result.”

THE DIME ANALYTICS DATA HANDBOOK

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“Data are the essential ingredient in any research or evaluation project, yet there has been too little attention to standardized practices to ensure high-quality data collection, handling, documentation, and exchange. Development Research in Practice: The DIME Analytics Data Handbook seeks to fill that gap with practical guidance and tools, grounded in ethics and efficiency, for data management at every stage in a research project. This excellent resource sets a new standard for the field and is an essential reference for all empirical researchers.”

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN PRACTICE

“In the DIME Analytics Data Handbook, the DIME team has produced an extraordinary public good: a detailed, comprehensive, yet easy-to-read manual for how to manage a data-oriented research project from beginning to end. It offers everything from big-picture guidance on the determinants of high-quality empirical research, to specific practical guidance on how to implement specific workflows—and includes computer code! I think it will prove durably useful to a broad range of researchers in international development and beyond, and I learned new practices that I plan on adopting in my own research group.”

Kristoffer Bjärkefur Luíza Cardoso de Andrade Benjamin Daniels Maria Ruth Jones

—Lars Vilhuber, Data Editor, American Economic Association, and Executive Director, Labor Dynamics Institute, Cornell University

ISBN 978-1-4648-1694-9

SKU 211694

June 2021. 228 pages. Stock no.

C211694 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1694-9).

US$48.50

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AFRICA

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Seizing Opportunities in Global Value Chains

By Kaleb G. Abreha, Woubet Kassa, Emmanuel K. K. Lartey, Taye A. Mengistae, Solomon Owusu, and Albert G. Zeufack

Industrialization drove the sustained growth in jobs and productivity that marked the developmental take-off of most developed economies. Yet, with emerging global trends in technology and international trade, many have argued that the prospects of manufacturing in Sub-Saharan Africa may be limited. There are strong claims that economies in the region have experienced “premature deindustrialization” that may have reduced the viability of policies and strategies to promote manufacturing as a driver of sustainable growth.

AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUM September 2021. 212 pages. Stock no.

C211673 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1673-4).

US$43.00

This report comprehensively reassesses the prospects for industrialization playing a critical role in Sub-Saharan African countries' development. It shows that manufacturing represents a viable path to structural transformation through integration into global value chains (GVCs). Although countries are relatively wellintegrated into GVCs, there is a need to strengthen the linkages by increasing value-added to current exports and strategizing to upgrade into high value-added industries. Due to rising wages, productivity growth will be critical to promoting competitiveness for sustained job creation in manufacturing and structural transformation.

THE FUTURE OF WORK IN AFRICA (FRENCH EDITION) Harnessing the Potential of Digital Technologies for All Edited by Jieun Choi, Mark A. Dutz, and Zainab Usman

A F RI C A D E VE L OP M ENT FORU M

The Future of Work in Africa Harnessing the Potential of Digital Technologies for All Edited by Jieun Choi, Mark A. Dutz, and Zainab Usman

A Companion to the World Development Report 2019 on the Changing Nature of Work

AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUM

The Future of Work in Africa focuses on the key themes of creating productive jobs and addressing the needs of those left behind. It highlights how global trends, especially the adoption of digital technologies, may change the nature of work in Sub-Saharan Africa by creating new opportunities and challenges. It argues that, contrary to global fears of worker displacement by new technologies, African countries can develop an inclusive future of work, one with opportunities for lower-skilled workers. Harnessing these opportunities is, however, contingent on implementing policies and making productive investments in four main areas.

These are enabling inclusive digital technologies; building human capital for a young, rapidly growing, and largely low-skilled labor force; increasing the productivity of informal workers and enterprises; and extending social protection coverage to mitigate the risks associated with disruptions to labor markets.

This companion report to the World Bank's World Development Report 2019 concludes with important policy questions to guide future research that could lead to more inclusive growth for African nations.

June 2021. 254 pages. Stock no. C211685 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1685-7). US$48.50

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AFRICA

EXTRACTIVES FOR TRANSFORMATION An Africa Regional Study

By James Frederick Cust and Boubacar Bocoum

Harnessing natural resource wealth to drive economic transformation is central to Africa's economic future. However, the historical record suggests that the process will not be easy. The present situation is one of both challenges—including rising debt distress and unmet expectations—and opportunities, with new discoveries and large reserves waiting to be exploited. Looking ahead, there are new risks and prospects on the horizon. For instance, the transition away from carbon fuels will affect the demand for fossil fuels and increase the need for minerals and metals useful in the low carbon economy.

How can Sub-Saharan African countries prepare for this future while drawing on the lessons of the past? Leveraging resources for economic transformation will require new approaches but will confront longstanding political economy pitfalls.

November 2021. 200 pages. Stock no.

C211743 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1743-4).

US$48.50

SOCIAL CONTRACT FOR STABILITY, EQUITY, AND PROSPERITY IN AFRICA By the World Bank

While many African countries are catching up to the higher-income countries, some are falling behind despite their best efforts and those of the development community. Since their independence, multiple Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have faced state-building and governance challenges, sometimes in the context of widespread political turbulence, civil conflict, military rule, and state failure. This situation has resulted in the unevenness of national state capacities (asymmetrical state capabilities that vary across sectors, scale of government, and over time), weakened political settlements, and ineffective civil society. The COVID-19 pandemic could exacerbate these challenges and lead to the emergence of new ones due to the socioeconomic effects of containment measures.

This report lays the foundations for the World Bank to fully integrate a social contract lens in its development policy toolkit in SSA. This report's contribution consists mostly of a conceptual and empirical framework that maps knowledge gaps and presents examples for the application of a social contract lens in the region.

AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUM October 2021. 90 pages. Stock no.

C211662 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1662-8).

US$43.00

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AFRICA

AFRICA IN THE NEW TRADE ENVIRONMENT Market Access in Troubled Times Edited by Albert G. Zeufack, Woubet Kassa, and Souleymane Coulibaly

Africa represents a small share of global production and trade, but it is home to half of the extreme poor worldwide. To catch up with the rest of the world, there is no alternative: the continent needs to link its production and trade to the global economy to take advantage of unlimited demand and innovation along the supply chain.

October 2021. 340 pages. Stock no.

C211756 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1756-4).

US$53.95

The book presents a strategy to bolster Africa's market access in the current global environment. It explores three key areas—the impact of trade agreements (unilateral, regional, and multilateral) with traditional partners (the European Union and the United States) and a way forward; the role of new market frontiers in Asia from the perspective of restructuring economies in the region, as well as changing global value chains (GVCs) and their implications for Africa; and an inward examination of the promise and challenges of regional trade and value chains. The book meticulously explores ways to maximize Africa's access to the two leading world markets—the European Union and the United States—while at the same time diversifying market access to the emerging Asian market. It calls for the continent to anchor its market access strategy to deeper regional integration in troubled times.

THE QUALITY OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION SYSTEMS ACROSS AFRICA Insights from a Decade of Service Delivery Indicators Surveys

By Roberta Gatti, Kathryn Andrews, Ciro Avitabile, Ruben Conner, Jigyasa Sharma, and Andres Yi Chang

The World Bank's Service Delivery Indicators (SDI) surveys measure the quality of services where the service meets the citizens: in schools and health facilities.

Have teachers mastered the subject matter they are teaching, and can doctors accurately diagnose and treat key health conditions? Are schools and health facilities stocked with the needed equipment, supplies, and infrastructure to optimize learning and clinical care outcomes? Are schools and health facilities equipped to provide services during a pandemic?

October 2021. 160 pages. Stock no.

C211675 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1675-8).

US$43.00

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For the past 10 years, the World Bank's SDI surveys have collected nationally representative data across Sub-Saharan Africa to help identify areas of resilience and constraint in service delivery and have shed light on how service delivery may foster or stunt human capital accumulation. The evidence from SDI surveys offers important insights for how countries can build back better in the wake of the massive disruptions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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SOUTH ASIA

GLACIERS OF THE HIMALAYAS Climate Change, Black Carbon, and Regional Resilience Edited by Muthukumara Mani

Glaciers of the Himalayas: Climate Change, Black Carbon, and Regional Resilience investigates the extent to which the BC reduction policies of South Asian countries may affect glacier formation and melt within the context of a changing global climate. It assesses the relative impact of each source of black carbon on snow and glacier dynamics.

Glaciers of the Himalayas Climate Change, Black Carbon, and Regional Resilience Muthukumara Mani, Editor

Muthukumara Mani, Editor

One major regional driver of the accelerating glacier melt is climate change, which is altering the patterns of temperature and precipitation. A second driver may be deposits of anthropogenic black carbon (BC), which increase the glaciers' absorption of solar radiation and raise air temperatures. BC is generated by human activity both inside and outside of South Asia, and policy actions taken by the South Asian countries themselves may meaningfully reduce it.

SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT FORUM

Glaciers of the Himalayas Climate Change, Black Carbon, and Regional Resilience

Melting glaciers and the loss of seasonal snow pose significant risks to the stability of water resources in South Asia. The 55,000 glaciers in the Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush (HKHK) mountain ranges store more freshwater than any region outside of the North and South Poles. Their ice reserves feed into three major river basins in South Asia—the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra—that are home to 750 million people.

SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT FORUM July 2021. 134 pages. Stock no. C210099 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0099-3). US$45.00

THE CONVERGING TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION AND HUMAN CAPITAL Potential and Implications for South Asia

By Sajitha Bashir, Carl Dahlman, Naoto Kanehira, and Klaus Tilmes

The South Asia region is at the intersection of two inflection points: the devastation of lives due to COVID-19 and a global revolution driven by converging technologies.

With low human development outcomes and mounting climate threats, can the region capitalize on technologies to accelerate its human capital development and promote adaptable resilience? The convergence of technological breakthroughs, spanning biology, material science, digital technologies, and neuroscience, is driven by artificial intelligence, automated decision-making, large data sets, and computing power. The promise for human capital lies in its reach and scale, as well as in its ability to personalize services and create efficiencies through optimized service delivery. Its applications can transform sectors that contribute to human capital, such as agriculture, water, sanitation, energy, and transport.

SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT FORUM August 2021. 108 pages. Stock no.

C211719 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1719-9).

US$43.95

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SOUTH ASIA / EAST ASIA & PACIFIC

INVESTMENT PIONEERS IN SOUTH ASIA The Payoff of Knowing Your Neighbors Edited by Sanjay Kathuria

South Asia is one of the fastest growing regions in the world. Yet, intraregional trade and investment are very low, suggesting that regional spillovers from individual country growth are muted. Much has been written about the low levels of intraregional trade in South Asia. Much less has been written about intraregional investment. Direct investment flows are important because multinational firms coordinating production along global value chains have become a dominant force driving both trade and investment flows. These flows are valued as a direct source of external capital and foreign exchange, as well as for the technology and knowledge spillovers they bring. Investment flows also tend to be more stable interactions than trade transactions, since they involve a deeper commitment (financial and otherwise) to engagement.

SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT FORUM July 2021. 250 pages. Stock no. C211534 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1534-8). US$45.00

This report is framed within the same context as its predecessor, A Glass Half Full: The Promise of Regional Trade in South Asia, namely, the suboptimal level of economic engagement within South Asia. It focuses on intraregional investment from an outward investment lens, using a unifying framework of international engagement strategies (trade, investment, and other non-equity modes like licensing).

DIVERSE PATHS The Dynamic Evolution of Social Protection in Asia Pacific

By Philip B. O'Keefe, Puja Vasudeva Dutta, Harry Moroz, and Robert Palacios

Over the past two decades, social protection systems in much of developing East Asia and Pacific have been fundamentally transformed. Due to factors—including rising country income levels, increased exposure to macroeconomic and climatic shocks, demographic and structural changes, and changing citizen expectations of the state—social protection systems in many parts of East Asia and Pacific have been expanding in terms of the range of programs, the level of public spending, and the coverage of population.

December 2021. 350 pages. Stock no.

C211542 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1542-3).

US$49.95

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But the building of robust and inclusive social protection systems remains incomplete, and in subregions of East Asia and Pacific it is at best nascent. This report charts the transformation of social protection systems in East Asia and Pacific and much of South Asia in the areas of social assistance, social insurance, employment programs, and delivery systems. It highlights the diversity of social protection systems across the region, as well as the remaining challenges of consolidating, expanding, and in some cases, building them. It also suggests directions for deepening social protection reforms that reflect the diversity of country situations.

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LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN / EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA

THE FAST TRACK TO NEW SKILLS Short-Cycle Higher Education Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean

By Mari­a Marta Ferreyra, Lelys Dinarte Diaz, Sergio Urzua, and Marina Bassi

Higher education in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has expanded dramatically in the new millennium, yet enrollment in short-cycle programs (SCPs) is still relatively low. Shorter and more practical than bachelor's programs, SCPs can form skilled human capital fast. The economic crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated underlying trends, such as automation, use of electronic platforms, and need for lifelong learning. Addressing these demands requires the urgent upskilling and reskilling of the population—a task for which SCPs are uniquely suited. The Fast Track to New Skills: Short-Cycle Higher Education Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean explores the labor market outcomes and returns of SCPs, examines their providers, and identifies the practices adopted by the best programs. Relying on unique data that includes a novel survey of SCP directors in five LAC countries, it finds that while SCPs generate, on average, good labor market outcomes, they vary greatly in quality. SCP providers respond quickly and flexibly to local economy needs; and specific practices related to faculty, job search assistance, and interaction with prospective employers are distinctive of the best programs.

EUROPE 4.0

The Fast Track to New Skills Short-Cycle Higher Education Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean

María Marta Ferreyra Lelys Dinarte Díaz Sergio Urzúa Marina Bassi

September 2021. 214 pages. Stock no.

C211706 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1706-9).

US$48.50 ALSO AVAILABLE IN SPANISH | September 2021. 238 pages. Stock no. C211708 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1708-3). US$48.50 ALSO AVAILABLE IN PORTUGUESE | September 2021. 232 pages. Stock no.

C211709 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1709-0).

US$48.50

Addressing the Digital Dilemma

By Mary Hallward-Driemeier, Gaurav Nayyar, Wolfgang Fengler, Anwar Aridi, and Indermit Gill

With digital transformation accelerating, can everyone, everywhere, benefit? A first step is to recognize how the underlying dynamics—and economic impacts— differ across types of digital technologies. New evidence reveals that Europe, given its current performance with digital technologies, faces a dilemma if the continent wants to achieve its triple objective of competitiveness, inclusion, and convergence. The technologies help the European firms using them become more competitive. However, the technologies in which European firms' performance is strongest (e.g., smart robotics) are also those that concentrate activities in larger firms and leading regions. Conversely, European firms have both lower rates of creation and take-up for those technologies with the greatest potential opportunities for smaller firms and lagging regions (e.g., platforms or cloud computing). The COVID-19 pandemic is re-enforcing the urgency of addressing this dilemma.

Europe 4.0: Addressing the Digital Dilemma builds on two previous World Bank reports—Golden Growth and Growing United—which focused on Europe's convergence machine and new sources of stress facing the continent. This latest volume provides a framework, evidence, and recommendations on how to attain a dynamic and inclusive digital economy. Europe 4.0 is possible—and Europe should take the chance.

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Mary Hallward-Driemeier Gaurav Nayyar Wolfgang Fengler Anwar Aridi Indermit Gill

October 2021. 180 pages. Stock no.

C211674 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1674-1).

US$48.50

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INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE

AGRICULTURE

EDUCATION

AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION IN DEVELOPING EAST ASIA Productivity, Safety, and Sustainability

BUILDING THE RIGHT SKILLS FOR HUMAN CAPITAL Education, Skills, and Productivity in the Kyrgyz Republic

By the World Bank

By Dingyong Hou, Karina Acevedo, Joost de Laat, and Jennica Larrison

Innovation in agriculture has been critical to developing East Asia's economic transformation. The focus on productivity has come at a cost to environmental sustainability, however. This report examines the potential that a new generation of agricultural innovation holds for addressing these challenges and outlines an agenda for public action.

Most jobs in the Kyrgyz Republic require the use of reading, writing, numeracy, and ICT skills, and those who are higher skilled earn higher wages. However, skill levels among the workforce are consistently low in absolute terms, across sociodemographic groups, and relative to countries that implemented PIAAC surveys.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

July 2021. 78 pages. Stock no. C211636 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1636-9).

US$35.00

May 2021. 140 pages. Stock no. C211681 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1681-9).

US$41.50

PROMOTING AGRIFOOD SECTOR TRANSFORMATION IN BANGLADESH Policy and Investment Priorities

By Mansur Ahmed, Jean Saint-Geours, and Ciliaka Gitau

Dietary patterns are changing in Bangladesh, and the demand for diverse, safe, and nutritious food is growing. To meet this additional demand, productive diversification in agriculture and modernization along the agri-food value chain are needed.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 122 pages. Stock no. C211697 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1697-0).

US$41.50

TRANSFORMING AGRIBUSINESS IN NIGERIA FOR INCLUSIVE RECOVERY, JOBS CREATION, AND POVERTY REDUCTION Policy Reforms and Investment Priorities

By Elliot Mghenyi, Cora Dankers, James Thurlow, and Chidozie Anyiro

This report aims to improve understanding of the potential of the agribusiness sector (primary agriculture plus off-farm agribusiness) to accelerate inclusive recovery from the 2020 recession, create jobs, and reduce poverty.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

September 2021. 212 pages. Stock no. C211724 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1724-3).

US$47.00

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

MANAGING FOR LEARNING Measuring and Strengthening Education Management in Latin America and the Caribbean

By Melissa Adelman and Renata Lemos

How can countries make sustainable gains in student learning at scale? This is a pressing question for Latin America and the Caribbean—and the developing world more broadly—as countries seek to build human capital to drive sustainable growth.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 101 pages. Stock no. C211463 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1463-1).

US$39.95

THE ROLE OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL TRANSFERS IN IMPROVING EDUCATION OUTCOMES Edited by Samer Al-Samarrai and Blane Lewis

The majority of the world’s children lives in countries where local governments are responsible for providing basic education services. The study assesses how funding transfers from central governments to subnational governments affect education funding and student schooling and learning outcomes.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

July 2021. 338 pages. Stock no. C211693 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1693-2).

US$51.95

SRI LANKA HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT Realizing the Promise and Potential of Human Capital

By Harsha Aturupane, Hideki Higashi, Roshini Ebenezer, Deepika Attygalle, Shobhana Sosale, Sangeeta Dey, and Rehana Wijesinghe

This book analyzes the main achievements and challenges for human capital development in Sri Lanka. It draws several conclusions and provides strategic recommendations for the acceleration of future human capital development in the country.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

July 2021. 158 pages. Stock no. C211718 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1718-2).

US$47.50

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INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE

ENVIRONMENT

BUILDING ANIMAL HEALTH AND WILDLIFE SYSTEMS FOR ONE HEALTH IN EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC By the World Bank

The report reviews the animal health and wildlife systems in the East Asia and Pacific region, closing the critical gaps for improved animal health and production and reduced risks of zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE

June 2021. 130 pages. Stock no. C211679 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1679-6).

US$41.50

GETTING DOWN TO EARTH Are Satellites Reliable for Measuring Air Pollutants that Cause Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries?

By the World Bank

Outdoor air pollution accounts for an estimated 4.2 million deaths worldwide, caused predominantly by exposure to fine aerosols. This report investigates the performance of satellites for predicting outdoor concentrations of PM2.5, the most harmful air pollutant to human health, in low- and middle-income countries.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

August 2021. 242 pages. Stock no. C211727 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1727-4).

US$47.00

REDUCING EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE RISKS FROM WILDLIFE Building Foundations for One Health in Asia and Pacific By the World Bank

The report discusses how to better prevent and reduce the risk of emerging infectious diseases originating from wildlife, and it provides recommendations to help build systems for reducing pandemic risks and other public health threats at the humananimal-ecosystem interfaces.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 110 pages. Stock no. C211680 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1680-2).

US$41.50

HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND POPULATION

A LABOR MARKET ASSESSMENT OF NURSES AND PHYSICIANS IN SAUDI ARABIA Projecting Imbalances between Need, Supply, and Demand Edited by Taghred Algaith, Jenny Liu, Mohammed Alluhidan, and Christopher Herbst

Drawing on the latest principles and modeling techniques in epidemiology and economics, the book projects the future need, demand, and supply of nurses and physicians in Saudi Arabia, and it identifies various health labor market inefficiencies and the solutions to address them.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

July 2021. 186 pages. Stock no. C211716 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1716-8).

US$47.00

NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN SAUDI ARABIA Toward Effective Interventions for Prevention Edited by Ada Alqunaibet, Christopher H. Herbst, Sameh El Saharty, and Abdullah Algwaizini

To support strategic planning efforts on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), this book assesses the latest evidence on NCD prevalence and risk factors in Saudi Arabia, explores the health and economic burden of NCDs as well as their impact on human capital, and identifies key gaps in efforts to prevent NCDs and ways to address these gaps.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

August 2021. 252 pages. Stock no. C211717 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1717-5).

US$47.00

UNDERNUTRITION IN THE PHILIPPINES Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming

By Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya, Gabriel Demombynes, Sharon Faye A. Piza, and Ann Jillian V. Adona

The report describes the high rates of undernutrition among Filipino children and identifies gaps in policies and programs aimed at reducing inequities in malnutrition in the country.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 198 pages. Stock no. C211701 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1701-4).

US$41.50

WHEN WE'RE SIXTY-FOUR (SPANISH EDITION) Opportunities and Challenges for Public Policies in a Population-Aging Context in Latin America

By Rafael Rofman and Ignacio Apella

This book discusses the effects of demographic change and the demands that it will place on institutions and public policies. It considers not only the fiscal effects that population aging could have on pensions, health, or long-term care systems, but also the impacts on future economic growth.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

July 2021. 204 pages. Stock no. C211690 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1690-1).

US$47.00 ALSO AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH October 2020. 182 pages. Stock no. C211605 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1605-5).

US$47.00

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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

MAKING DEVOLUTION WORK FOR SERVICE DELIVERY IN KENYA

By Abdu Muwonge, Timothy Stephen Williamson, Christine Owuor, and Kinuthia Muratha

INCLUSIVE DIGITAL SENEGAL Opportunities for Jobs and Economic Transformation

This study provides the first major assessment of Kenya's devolution reform. It assesses what is working, what is not working, and what could work better to enhance service delivery based on the currently available data.

By Marcio Cruz, Mark Dutz, and Carlos Rodriguez-Castelan

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

Adoption of better technologies can generate better and more jobs for Senegal’s growing population. The book recommends policies to ensure the availability of affordable digital infrastructure and to promote the use of better technologies by firms, as well as to narrow deepening digital divides across enterprises and households.

September 2021. 216 pages. Stock no. C211726 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1726-7).

US$47.00

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

July 2021. 142 pages. Stock no. C211687 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1687-1).

US$41.50 ALSO AVAILABLE IN FRENCH July 2021. 152 pages. Stock no. C211688 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1688-8).

US$41.50

PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

SPATIAL PLANNING FOR RESILIENT ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION La Guajira, Colombia

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

SPURRING INNOVATION-LED GROWTH IN ARGENTINA Performance, Policy Response, and the Future

By Tugba Gurcanlar, Alberto Criscuolo, Daniel Gomez Gaviria, and Xavier Cirera

This book examines the innovation landscape and its contribution to growth in Argentina. The authors argue for a growth model that capitalizes on human capital and research assets and that increases their alignment with firm-level capabilities and productivity growth.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 120 pages. Stock no. C211689 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1689-5).

US$41.50

By James Dobbin, Tatiana Marquez, and Jennifer Rietbergen-McCracken

The report uses the example of the Cerrejon coal mine in La Guajira, Colombia, to illustrate how strategic spatial planning can be used to integrate green growth considerations in economic diversification strategies for extractive-dependent regions.

SOCIAL PROTECTIONS AND LABOR

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 86 pages. Stock no. C211713 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1713-7).

US$35.00

SKILLED MIGRATION A Sign of Europe's Divide or Integration?

By Laurent Bossavie, Daniel Garrote Sanchez, Mattia Makovec, and Caglar Özden

PUBLIC SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

DESIGN FOR IMPACT A State Aid Evaluation for Romania

By Georgiana Pop, Mariana Iootty, Miriam Bruhn, and Claudia Ruiz Ortega

State aid impact evaluation is new in Romania. Given its novelty, the ex post evaluation seeks to provide evidence on how effective state aid has been, on whether state aid distorted competition, and on the implications for state aid design and implementation.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

July 2021. 134 pages. Stock no. C211703 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1703-8).

US$41.95

28

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This book examines the migration trends, drivers, and impacts among skilled workers within the European Union. It assesses the economic benefits and costs of skilled migration in the short and long terms and formulates policy recommendations to address the costs that migration induces while maximizing its benefits.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

August 2021. 106 pages. Stock no. C211732 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1732-8).

US$41.50

TONNOMA'S STORY (FRENCH EDITION) Women's Work and Empowerment in Burkina Faso

By Rebekka Grun, Irene Jillson, Florence Kantiono, Gilberte Kedot, Nathalie Ouangraoua, and Moudjibath Daouda-Koudjo

This story is based on actual events and experiences of numerous women and directly draws on the results of qualitative research on the factors impeding women’s ability to work in Burkina Faso. It offers readers a glimpse into the daily lives of women in rural areas that want to work.

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August 2021. 108 pages. Stock no. C211646 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1646-8).

US$41.50 ALSO AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH January 2021. 110 pages. Stock no. C211645 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1645-1).

US$41.50

TRANSPORT

BLUE ROUTES FOR A NEW ERA Developing Inland Waterways Transportation in China

By Bernard Aritua, Lu Cheng, Richard van Liere, and Harrie de Leijer

How can countries revive inland waterway transportation? A study of how and why China improved its inland waterways for transportation can be informative for other countries, providing relevant insights and valuable lessons.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 144 pages. Stock no. C211584 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1584-3).

US$41.50

CONNECTING THE DOTS People, Jobs, and Social Services in Urban Ghana

By Fatima Arroyo-Arroyo

This report analyzes the constraints on accessing jobs and social services in three Ghanaian cities (Accra, Kumasi, and Tamale), with a strong focus on specific challenges encountered by vulnerable people. The report outlines practical interventions for achieving more inclusive and sustainable access.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

July 2021. 124 pages. Stock no. C211676 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1676-5).

US$41.50

negative impact of roads on the surrounding landscape can be turned around, and how roads can become instruments of beneficial water management and increased climate resilience.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

July 2021. 262 pages. Stock no. C211677 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1677-2).

US$47.00

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN URBAN BUS SYSTEMS An Analytical Framework for Project Identification and Preparation

By Alejandro Hoyos Guerrero and Abel Lopez Dodero

This analytical framework seeks to support public transport practitioners and government authorities in the process of identifying appropriate technical solutions to improve urban mobility and, specifically, in the process of proposing arrangements for private sector participation in urban bus projects.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 192 pages. Stock no. C211682 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1682-6).

US$41.50

UNLOCKING THE LOWER SKIES The Costs and Benefits of Deploying Drones across Use Cases in East Africa

By Aiga Stokenberga and Maria Catalina Ochoa

This book explores the economic and broader societal rationale for introducing drone technologies as a complement to the current transport and logistics systems in the East Africa context. Use cases include medical goods and food aid deliveries; land mapping and risk assessment; agriculture; and transport and energy infrastructure inspection.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 170 pages. Stock no. C211696 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1696-3).

US$41.50

CONNECTING TO THRIVE Challenges and Opportunities of Transport Integration in Eastern South Asia Edited by Mati­as Herrera Dappe, and Charles Kunaka

This book assess the Bangladesh-Bhutan-India-Nepal Motor Vehicle Agreement; analyzes how freight flows, wages, employment, and income are likely to change in Bangladesh and India once the agreement is adopted; and provides suggestions on enhancing the impact of regional connectivity on rural areas and women.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

June 2021. 164 pages. Stock no. C211635 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1635-2).

US$41.50

GREEN ROADS FOR WATER Guidelines for Road Infrastructure in Support of Water Management and Climate Resilience

By Frank van Steenbergen, Fatima Arroyo-Arroyo, Kulwinder Rao, Taye Alemayehu Hulluka, Kifle Woldearegay, and Anastasia Deligianni

These guidelines outline how to integrate water management and climate-change adaptation in the design, construction, and maintenance of roads. It describes how the

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31

INDEX

A Continent-wide Digital Economy for Africa..................6 Africa in the New Trade Environment...........................22 Agricultural Innovation in Developing East Asia...........26 A Labor Market Assessment of Nurses and Physicians in Saudi Arabia................................................................. 27

Land for Productive, Inclusive, and Sustainable Economic Development in the Middle East and North Africa..........8 Making Devolution Work for Service Delivery in Kenya............................................................................28 Managing for Learning..................................................26

An Investment Perspective on Global Value Chains.......14

Mini Grids for Half A Billion People................................17

A Systems Approach to Advancing Early Learning at Scale............................................................................. 16

Place, Productivity, and Prosperity................................12

At Your Service?.............................................................12 Blue Routes for a New Era............................................29 Boosting Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa...................5 Building Animal Health and Wildlife Systems for One Health in East Asia and Pacific...................................... 27 Building the Right Skills for Human Capital..................26 Changing Wealth of Nations 2021.................................. 11 Connecting the Dots.....................................................29 Connecting to Thrive....................................................29 Design for Impact.........................................................28

Noncommunicable Diseases in Saudi Arabia................ 27 Primer on Large-Scale Assessments of Educational Achievement................................................................. 16 Promoting Agrifood Sector Transformation in Bangladesh...................................................................26 Public-Private Partnerships in Urban Bus Systems.......29 Reducing Emerging Infectious Disease Risks from Wildlife.......................................................................... 27 Skilled Migration...........................................................28 Social Contract for Stability, Equity, and Prosperity in Africa.............................................................................21

Development Research in Practice............................... 19

Spatial Planning for Resilient Economic Diversification...............................................................28

Diverse Paths................................................................24

Spurring Innovation-Led Growth in Argentina..............28

Doing Business 2021...................................................... 3

Sri Lanka Human Capital Development........................26

Ebb and Flow V1 & V2....................................................18

The Converging Technology Revolution and Human Capital..........................................................................23

Employment in Crisis.................................................... 10 Europe 4.0....................................................................25 Extractives for Transformation.......................................21 From Platitudes to Practice 2.0.................................... 15 Getting Down to Earth..................................................29 Glaciers of the Himalayas.............................................23 Global Economic Prospects, June 2021..........................2 Global Productivity.........................................................13 Green Roads for Water.................................................29 Hidden Debt...................................................................9 Hidden Dimensions of Poverty.......................................17

The Distributional Impacts of Trade...............................14 The Economic Case for Nature...................................... 11 The Fast Track to New Skills.........................................25 The Fifth Generation of Mobile Technology.................... 4 The Future of Work in Africa.........................................20 The Role of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in Improving Education Outcomes....................................26 The Upside of Digital for the Middle East and North Africa.............................................................................. 7 Tonnoma’s Story (French Edition).................................28

Impact Evaluation in International Development.......... 19

Transforming Agribusiness in Nigeria for Inclusive Recovery, Jobs Creation, and Poverty Reduction.........26

Inclusive Digital Senegal...............................................28

Undernutrition in the Philippines.................................. 27

Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa.........................20

Unlocking the Lower Skies...........................................29

Innovations in Tax Compliance..................................... 15

When We’re Sixty-Four (Spanish Edition)...................... 27

Investment Pioneers in South Asia...............................24

World Development Report 2022....................................1

32

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