Puerto Rico Re_Start 2 - Executive Summary

International Project & Research Workshop

Puerto Rico Re_Start 2 ©

March 22nd to 30h 2019 Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, Hato Rey Campus, San Juan – PR

Executive Summary Edited by Prof. Martha Kohen Workshop Director

Maria E. Barrios Workshop Coord.

International Project & Research Workshop

Puerto Rico Re_Start 2 ©

March 22nd to 30th 2019 Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico Hato Rey Campus, San Juan – PR

Executive Summary Edited by Prof. Martha Kohen Workshop Director

Maria E. Barrios Workshop Coord.

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Table of Contents UNESCO Endorsement ................................................................................................. 09 Background ................................................................................................................... 11 Pre Conference Activities .............................................................................................. 13 2018 PRRS_1 Letters of Endorsement ...................................................................... 15 PRRS_1 ......................................................................................................................... 17 PRRS_2 Summary ........................................................................................................ 19 Workshop Directors & University of Florida Sponsors ................................................... 20 Workshop Directors Opening Welcome ......................................................................... 21 Schedule and Program .................................................................................................. 23 Keynote Speaker: Dr. Lucio Barbera

Chair-holder UNESCO (Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture) ............................. 27 Keynote Speaker: Dr. Harrison Fraker

FAIA, Professor – Emeritus Dean of the UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design ....... 28 Plenary: Introductory Lectures ....................................................................................... 29 Prof. Ruben Otero Exhibition ......................................................................................... 31 Evening Lectures Series ................................................................................................ 32 Design Lab Directors ..................................................................................................... 36 Design Lab Descriptions ................................................................................................ 37 Site Visits ....................................................................................................................... 44

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Site Explorations ............................................................................................................ 46 Five Design Labs Presentations to the Jury .................................................................. 47 Jury Members ................................................................................................................ 48 Final Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 49 Diploma Ceremony ........................................................................................................ 50 Press Coverage ............................................................................................................. 52 Consultants & Contributors ............................................................................................ 53 Concurring Conferences with Interdisciplinary Content ................................................. 54 Social Gatherings .......................................................................................................... 56 Project Outcomes .......................................................................................................... 58 Regional Transportation Network .................................................................................. 61 Cities & Housing Strategies ........................................................................................... 89 Array of Resilient Constellations .................................................................................. 109 The North Region ........................................................................................................ 153 Eco Transformation ...................................................................................................... 201 Post Factum Addenda ................................................................................................. 239

2018 Fall Seminar ........................................................................................... 241

2018 Spring Studio .......................................................................................... 257

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UNESCO Endorsement Dr. Lucio Barbera - Chair Holder

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Background In the wake of the catastrophic impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria and over the depleted socio-economic conditions, the Island became a necessary field for advancing proposals addressing the preservation of the natural resources while elevating the human settlement conditions to procure a viable future. The PR_RS Workshop, through interdisciplinary inter-institutional collaborations, addressed challenges of urban planning, architecture, economics, environmental engineering, historic preservation and landscape.

In October 2017, for 6 weeks a team of students and professors assembled a working Data Bank as the enabler of projects for the Island, the Puerto Rico Re_Start Prep took place.

The Puerto Rico Re_Start 1 International Project and Research Workshop was held at the University of Puerto Rico - Recinto Rio Piedras in San Juan, from March 16th to March 24th, 2018 under the sponsorship of the UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture, with the presence of the Chair-holder Dr. Lucio Barbera. It gathered the support of UF through The Center for Latin American Studies, the Office of Research, the International Center, the Conference Department, Shimberg Center BCN-DCP, the School of Architecture DCP, and the Dean’s Office DCP. The directors of the Workshop were Professor Martha Kohen CHU-UF and Dr. Anna Georas SOA-UPR. Scholars and professors gathered from the University of La Sapienza in Rome and the Politécnico di Torino from Italy, the University of Seville from Spain, the UNESCO partners, the New York Institute of Technology, the Center for Puerto Rican Studies – Hunter College (CUNY), Andrew University, Columbia University, UF CityLab Orlando, Universidad del Turabo PR, Universidad Politécnica PR, and multiple PR NGO’s such as Retoño, Casas de la Selva, Puerto Rico Hardwood and TECHO. The University of Florida delegation was composed by five professors, two Ph.D. scholars, twelve juniors, nine seniors and eight graduate students. The University of Puerto Rico engaged with eight professors and forty students with a total attendance of 127 participants.

Students worked in mixed teams with invited and local professors to develop integrative and interdisciplinary proposals, with the input of local stakeholders, communities, private developers and the municipalities of Loíza, Canóvanas and San Juan. The visioning proposals were publicly discussed and presented to a distinguished jury on March 24th, 2018. Design Labs were directed by Dr. Anna Irene del Monaco from La Sapienza University, Dr. Mar Loren from University of Seville, CHU Director Nancy Clark, UF CityLab Orlando Lecturers Stephen Bender and Albertus Wang. A parallel Lecture Series engaged the visitors and the wider public. As a result, multilateral collaborations and research proposals were established. Follow up conferences participations will occur in New York May 11-12, 2018, and in Puerto Rico June 15th 2018, and coordinated curricular courses will develop proposals for the Fall 2018. A first public presentation of the results was held at the DCP-UF Research Seminar Series in April 4th, 2018.

Interested groups and individuals are welcome to reach us for this ongoing initiative at puertoricorestart@gmail.com or visit us at www.puertoricorestart.org for future editions of the PR_RS International Workshop.

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Pre Conference Activities

Puerto Rico Re_Start Prep After the consequential Hurricanes Irma and Maria passage through the Island of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean Islands, the Office of UF VP Dr. David Norton opened the possibility of supporting UPR Faculty and Graduate Students for a limited stay at UF. We were able to receive two faculty members and 7 students for 4 weeks.

CHU acted as the host of the activities and actively engaged in logistics and academics with the visitors. Sponsored by Dean Anumba DCP, and Director Alread SOA, we developed jointly the ideas for the International Workshop, held in Puerto Rico March 16th to 24th 2018. The Puerto Rico Re_Start Prep, the preparatory instance held between October 16th and October 30th 2017, presented its results publicly on November 1st in the School of Architecture.

Academics from the University of Puerto Rico and the University of Florida proposed to rethink settlements paradigms and proposals that will contribute to a recovery towards a resilient and sustainable future.

It produced extensive background research, bibliographic and web content, alumni linkages, consolidated in a google drive data bank.

The visitors returned to Puerto Rico after the conclusion. The PR RS International Project Workshop has gathered the support of The Chancellor of UPR, the UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Culture Rome, the UF Center for Latin American Studies and the College of DCP through academic units and Centers.

Construction of the Workshop Data Bank Faculty and students from Puerto Rico and UF collaborated in creating comprehensive maps, press, statistics, images, and previous projects Data Bank for the Workshop from October 2017 till March 2018.

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UPR faculty members Dr. Anna Georas, Dr. Laurie Ortiz, and students Ivexis Castro, Rafael Lloveras, Patricia del Moral, Luis Rodriguez, Hilyarit Santiago, Paola Santiago, and Brayan Hernandez, participated in studio and seminars at the University of Florida.

Pre Conference Lecture - February 2018 Dr. David Prevatt - PhD, PE, FASCE Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering University of Florida

Caribbean Hurricane Disasters 21st Century Edition

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2018 PRRS_1 Letters of Endorsement

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Center for Latin American Studies

March 9, 2018

319 Grinter Hall PO Box 115530 Gainesville, FL 32611-5530 352-273-4705 352-392-7682 Fax www.latam.ufl.edu

Dear participants in the Puerto Rico Re_Start Workshop: On behalf of the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Florida, I send you my greetings from Gainesville. The Center is honored to be one of the sponsors for this very important workshop. As you know, the series of devastating hurricanes that impacted the Caribbean and the mainland of the United States this past fall served as important reminders of the vulnerabilities of coastal and island communities that are especially at risk to sea level rise and climate variability. In the case of Puerto Rico, the federal government’s slow and uneven response to the devastation of Hurricane Maria has prompted non-governmental organizations, universities, and private citizens to fill the void. Here at UF, under Dr. David Norton’s leadership, the Office of Research provided funds and logistical support for short-term research residencies for faculty and students from Puerto Rican universities. Several departments and centers on campus stepped up to accommodate the visiting faculty and students during their research stays. Our Center hosted a faculty member from the Universidad de Puerto Rico (UPR)-Mayagüez campus and supported the Office of Research in placing faculty and students in other departments. The UF School of Architecture hosted a large group of faculty and students from the UPR-Rio Piedras campus. Under the leadership of Dr. Martha Kohen and Arq. Anna Georas (URP), the faculty and students participated in a collaborative workshop, entitled “Puerto Rico Re_Start Prep,” that led to this international workshop focused on the development of resilient design solutions to protect Puerto Rico’s environment and people from future natural disasters. In addition to supporting this workshop, we hope that as a result of this initiative we can understand better how US universities could provide more coordinated responses that will support the long-term sustainability of UPR academic and research programs. Looking ahead, the Center for Latin American Studies stands ready to work with our Puerto Rican counterparts in developing programs and initiatives that will support a more sustainable future for Puerto Rico.

I wish you all a stimulating and productive workshop!

Un saludo fraternal,

Philip Williams Director, Center for Latin American Studies

The Foundation for The Gator Nation

College of Design, Construction and Planning

231 Architecture Building 1480 Inner Road room 262 POB 115702 Gainesville FL 32611-5702 (352) 294-1475 Fax (352) 392-4606

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

http://www.dcp.ufl.edu/arch/

All, On behalf of the University of Florida School of Architecture I want to welcome you to the Puerto Rico Re_Statrt Workshop! With participants from PR, NYC, Seville, Rome and Florida it is an amazing opportunity for collaboration across disciplinary and geographic boundaries.

We are happy to be able to support this important initiative that gathered widespread interest; from the University of Florida, the Center for Hydrogenerated Urbanism, the Center for Latin American Studies, The Vice President of Research, the UF International center, the Shimberg Center, The College of Design Construction and Planning, CityLab Orlando, and the School of Architecture. The UF delegation is composed of 6 professors (4 from architecture), and 32 students, with 26 from our program.

We’re excited to see the conjunction of Puerto Rico and interdisciplinary outlooks from overseas producing challenging projects to help refocus future actions. We’re also very interested in collaborative long-term academic proposals and want to continue the dialog with the many connections made here.

We wish you a very productive week and look forward to the results.

Best Wishes to all, Jason Jason Alread, AIA, LEED AP Director & Professor School of Architecture | University of Florida College of Design Construction and Planning https://dcp.ufl.edu/architecture/ https://www.facebook.com/uf.soa 231 ARCH, Gainesville, FL 32611-5702. PO Box 115702 352.294.1456. jalread@ufl.edu

An Equal Opportunity Institution

Equal Opportunity

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2018 PRRS_1

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The PR_RS International Project + Research Workshop was held in March 2018, it gathered the support of The Chancellor of the University of Puerto Rico, the Dean of Architecture UPR, the UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Culture Rome, the UF Center for Latin American Studies, the UF International Center, the UF Office of Research, the College of DCP, the School of Architecture, the Shimberg Center, CityLab Orlando, the Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College, City University in New York, the University of Rome, La Sapienza, the University of Seville, Spain, the New York Institute of Technology, the Politecnico di Torino, the Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico and the University of Turabo.

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PRRS_2 Summary Following the successful completion of PR_RS 1 in March 2018, responding to the aftermath of the Hurricanes Irma and Maria, the University of Florida and the Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico prepared the second edition held at the PUPR Campus in San Juan. The PR_RS 2 addressed the holistic ideas for inter-sectoral and interdisciplinary integrative proposals, and open new areas for innovative research and visionary projects under the ambitious goal of a Sustainable and Resilient Puerto Rico for 2045.

The Project of the Future The workshop addressed the resiliency for the future of the Islands, with expected consequences beyond Puerto Rico, to the Virgin Islands, Guadalupe, Dominica, Barbuda, Haiti and more. Interdisciplinary participants, professionals and academics gathered around subjects of investigation and project proposals.

The international participants, the UNESCO for Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico (PUPR), the University of Puerto Rico (UPR), the Center for Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter College, the Puerto Rico Planning Board, the Center for Latin American Studies, the Office of Research and the International Center at UF, together with Puerto Rico’ scholars, and stakeholders worked on the coordination of the comprehensive long-term research agenda, where topics related to a wide selection of issues were addressed, and long-term priorities established.

Three main sections guided the workshop: Research Round Tables Gathered data and prioritized research objectives; this scientific meetings will discuss its conclusions publicly by the end of the workshop (economics, population, migration, infrastructure, housing stock, legal environment, finance). The research table-clearing house would promote mixed teams to develop grants and further research.

Public Evening Lecture Series Showcased incoming contributors and successful initiatives and case studies.

Design Laboratories Professionals, faculty and students from UF, Polytechnic and international institutions from Europe and Latin America participated in the visioning process. The Labs convened interdisciplinary expertise into integrated proposals. Stakeholders and public officials were invited to actively participate. The Workshop results were presented publicly for discussion.

Interested groups and individuals are welcome to reach us for this ongoing initiative at puertoricorestart@gmail.com or visit us at www.puertoricorestart.org for future editions of the PR_RS International Workshop.

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Workshop Directors

Prof. Martha Kohen University of Florida Dr. Carlos Betancourt Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico Academic Committee Jorge Rigau Luis Pellati Garcia Pedro Cardona Edmundo Colon Dr. Omayra Rivera

Administrative Committee Dr. Omayra Rivera Crespo – POLI Workshop Coordinator Maria E. Barrios – UF Workshop Coordinator Paola Santiago – Workshop Assistant

University of Florida Sponsors

Office of Research VP Dr. David Norton

Center for Latin American Studies Dr. Phillip Williams International Center Dr. Leonardo Villalon College of Design Construction and Planning Dean Chimay Anumba School of Architecture Director Jason Alread Shimberg Center Director William O’Dell City Lab Orlando Director Frank Bosworth 20

Administrative Support Naznin Akther Lisa Haynes Mary Kramer Emil Mendez

Workshop Directors Opening Welcome Prof. Martha Kohen and Dr. Carlos Betancourt

University of Florida + Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico

Dr. Lucio Barbera Chair holder UNESCO in Sustainable Urban Culture and Urban Quality, notably in Africa, addresses the audience Invitees and Professors Dr. Harrison Fraker, Dr. Lucio Barbera, Dr. Anna Irene del Monaco, Antonino Saggio and Nancy Clark

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University of Florida Delegation, Professors, Invitees and Authorities

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Schedule and Program of PRRS_2 in San Juan Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico

Friday March 22th, 2019 – Polytechnic University Theater (Teatro) 04:00 – 05:00 pm Registration Opens @ Polytechnic University (Polytechnic Theater Lobby) 05:00 – 06:00 pm Keynote Speaker: Dr. Lucio Barbera: Resisting Urban Anemia: experiences and perspectives

Chair holder UNESCO in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture - La Sapienza, Rome 06:00 – 07:00 pm Reception @ Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico Campus, San Juan (Polytechnic Theater Lobby) Saturday March 23rd - Polytechnic University Theater (Teatro) 08:45 - 09:00 am Workshop Kickoff Addresses

Moderators: Introduction by Carlos Betancourt and Martha Kohen, Directors PR_RS 19 09:00 - 10:00 am Keynote Speaker: Dr. Harrison Fraker: Why Resilience and Sustainability at the Neighborhood Scale

FAIA, Professor – Emeritus Dean of the UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design 10:00 - 12:00 am

Invited Authorities Lectures and Presentations by Local Authorities and Stakeholders

10:00 am 10:20 am 10:40 am 11:00 am 11:20 am

11:40 am

12:00 – 01:00 pm

Light Lunch will be served - (School of Architecture Lobby)

Hon. Bernardo Marquez – Mayor of Toa Baja Hon. Felix Delgado – Mayor of Cataño Hon. Clemente Agosto – Mayor of Toa Alta (TBC) Hon. Lorna Soto – Mayor of Canovanas (TBC) Hon. Carlos Molina – Mayor of Arecibo (TBC) Inauguration of Ruben Otero Exhibition at the School of Architecture Lobby

01:00 – 04:00 pm Invited Authorities

Lectures and Presentations by Local Authorities and Stakeholders 01:00 pm Plan. Jorge Hernandez, Municipality of San Juan – Planner: Lessons and Opportunities in Planning for

the Municipality of SJ after Hurricanes Irma and Maria

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01:20 pm Harold Lathon – FEMA 01:40 pm Marc Wouters – MW | Studios + Chairman CNU, NY: Combining resilience with planning for long-term economic growth 02:00 pm Eileen Poueymirou Yunqué – Associate Member, Puerto Rico Planning Board Mr. Francisco Pérez - Atkins Corporation

Mr. Daniel Díaz - GIS Director at the PR Planning Board 02:20 pm Diana Luna – CAAPPR (TBC) 02:40 pm Lucilla Marvel – AICP, PPL and BFI Board Secretary 03:00 pm David Carrasquillo, Hispanic Federation and Puerto Rican Planning Association: Post-Disaster Planning 03:20 pm David Prevatt - UF: Destined (and Designed) to Fail - The Plight of Caribbean Societies from Tainos to European Colonizers 03:40 pm Andres Rua Gonzalez - Puerto Rico Hardwoods: We are having a wood time 04:30 – 05:15 pm Lab directors meet with Workshop Directors Kohen and Betancourt + Distribution of Research materials, documents, maps and USB’s 05:15 pm Visit Old San Juan on your own Sunday March 24th 08:00 – 05:00 pm

Sites visits by bus | Meeting Point: Coconut Casa - 159 Calle Primavera, San Juan, PR, 00907

Bus 1: Toa Baja (Candelaria) - Vega Baja - Arecibo (Jarealito + Pueblo) - Utuado (City + Dam)

Bus 2: Cataño (Town Hall meeting) - Toa Baja - Toa Alta - Arecibo - Dorado - Vega Alta

*Spots are reserved according for Design Labs students and faculty, remaining seats will be assigned in the order of registration.

Monday 25th to Friday 29th 09:00 – 12:00 pm Project Development by Lab teams Open Studios - Second-last Floor – 25 Participants in each Lab max.

12:00 – 01:00 pm Lunch on your own 01:00 – 06:00 pm

Project Development by Lab teams Open Studios - Second-last Floor 04:00 – 05:30 pm Parallel Session Research Round Tables - Coordinator: Martha Kohen - PoliArch Conference Room Subject: New Economic Drivers

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Public Evening Lecture Series - Location: Polytechnic University – Architecture Auditorium, 4th Floor Coordinators: Martha Kohen, Omayra Rivera and Maria Barrios. All presentations shall be submitted to M. Barrios.

06:00 – 08:00 pm Monday 25th 06:00 pm Keynote Speaker: Jorge Rigau: CYANOMETER IN HAND: Measuring Puerto Rico’s Sisu 07:00 pm Fernando Abruña - Abruña & Musgrave Arch: Beyond Sustainability and Resilience 07:30 pm Jonathan Marvel - Marvel Architects: PR100%Renewable - and the steps to get there 08:00 pm Dr. Edwin Melendez, Director - Center for PR Studies, Hunter’s College 08:30 pm Francisco Javier Rodríguez - University of Puerto Rico

Tuesday 26th 06:00 pm Keynote Speaker: Antonino Saggio - La Sapienza: Bottom up and Top down strategies: art,

architecture and infrastructures of new generations in UnLost Territories 06:40 pm Pedro Cardona Roig: Plan de Uso de Terrenos 07:00 pm Edwin Quiles - Founder of “Taller de Diseño Comunitario”: Talking About Informality 07:20 pm Edmundo Colón - Landscape Architecture PUPR 07:40 pm Prof. William Siembieda - Cal POLY: 12 elements of resilient design and planning that contribute to positive practice outcomes 08:00 pm Indira Maneiro FEMA Wednesday 27th 06:00 pm Keynote Speaker: Ruben Otero - Housing Projects for Resiliency 06:40 pm Dr. Yara Colón: Casas Resilientes (research) 07:00 pm Humberto Cavallín: Amparo = help + protection + shelter presented in collaboration with Wesley

Gonzalez, Zairiangely Garcia and Suzette Lopez 07:20 pm Doel Fresse: Temporary Housing System (TES) 07:40 pm Dr. Silvia Aloisio: Re Density: Sustainable Strategies for Contemporary Urban Adaptations 08:00 pm Victor Perez Andrino: Building in Rice and Beans 08:20 pm Video: Julio Gaeta - ISAD, Mexico: BU | FFCC: Bosque Urbano: Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca Thursday 28th 06:00 pm Keynote Speaker: Anna Irene del Monaco - La Sapienza Universitá di Roma: Experimenting good practices of

urban resilience for climate change in Puerto Rico and Italy looking at Africa 06:40 pm UPR projects: Yesenia Rosario + Andrea Garcia: DIMMER core 25

07:00 pm 07:30 pm 08:00 pm

PUPR Projects: Jaime Suarez and Ivonne Marcial: Ocean Park and Re-visiting Vietnam: another kind of war Jeff Carney - UF: Small Steps and Big Futures: Resilience and Adaptation in Coastal Louisiana Carmen Pérez Herranz - Facultad de Estudios Generales, UPR (TBC)

Friday 29th 09:00 – 11:00 pm

Project Conclusion by Design Lab teams

Saturday 30th – Polytechnic University Theater (Teatro) 07:00 - 07:30 am Upload Presentations to Drive 08:00 - 08:30 am Collection of USB’s with Presentations, Raw Files, Pictures, and Drawings in Editable Formats 09:00 – 09:30 am Powerpoint by Design Lab Team 1 + Jury Comment + Diplomas* Transportation + American Railroad - Director: Jeff Carney (University of Florida) 09:30 – 10:00 am Power-point by Design Lab Team 3 + Jury Comment + Diplomas* Basin Based Approach, Re-naturalization and Abandonment + Array of Resilient Constellations - Directors: Dr. Anna

Irene del Monaco + Prof. Antonino Saggio (La Sapienza University of Rome) 10:00 – 10:30 am Power-point by Design Lab Team 5 + Jury Comment + Diplomas* Eco Transformation - Directors: Dr. Harrison Fraker (UC-Berkeley) + Dr. Silvia Aloisio (La Sapienza) 10:30 – 11:10 am Power-point by Design Lab Team 4 + Jury Comment + Diplomas* The North Region - Director: Nancy Clark (University of Florida) 11:10 – 11:40 am Power-point by Design Lab Team 2 + Jury Comment + Diplomas* Cities and Housing Strategies: The 3-tier approach - Director: Prof. Ruben Otero (Escola da Cidade) 12:00 – 12:30 pm Dr. Lucio Barbera - UNESCO Chair holder First Comments 12:30 – 02:00 pm Final Comments from the Jury + Public Discussion, Kohen + Betancourt - Moderators

Jury Members + Invited Authorities + Stakeholders

Final Conclusions, and Further Directions by Carlos Betancourt and Martha Kohen 02:00 – 02:45 pm Closing Reception – Polytechnic University @ Polytechnic Theater Lobby 03:00 - 04:00 pm Further Discussions Sunday 31st

Free Day + Departures

*Diplomas will be issued to workshop Labs and Lecture series registered participants ONLY.

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Keynote Speaker Dr. Lucio Barbera

UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture

Resisting Urban Anemia: experiences and perspectives

The chair-holder introduced the subjects of the Workshop: www.puertoricorestart.org

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Keynote Speaker Dr. Harrison Fraker

FAIA, Professor – Emeritus Dean of the UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design

Why Resilience and Sustainability at the Neighborhood Scale

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Plenary: Introductory Lectures

The lectures contents can be accessed at: www.puertoricorestart.org Gabriel Quiñones Planning Director Municipality of Toa Baja

TOA BAJA

Imagining Possibilities 2019

Ivette Colon Interim Director - Planning Autonomous Municipality of Cataño

CATAÑO

Challenges & Opportunities

Daniel Diaz GIS Director PR Planning Board

LOIZA

After Hurricane Maria

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Architect Jonathan Marvel Marvel Architects New York RPPR Resilient Power Puerto Rico

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Prof. David Gouverneur University of Pennsylvania Informal Armatures

Francisco Perez Founder Atkins Corporation

Prof. Jorge Lizardi Student Minette Bonilla University of Puerto Rico

Mitigation Plans against Natural Disasters

Fear and Abandonment in Santurce

Ing. Luis Cintron Commission of Housing Resilience Puerto Rico

Prof. Jorge Lizardi Student Minette Bonilla University of Puerto Rico

Resilience as an Opportunity for Recovery

Fear and Abandonment in Santurce

Prof. Ruben Otero Exhibition

Cooperativas de Vivienda en el Uruguay / Coop Housing in Uruguay

The cooperative housing is a mode of social production of habitat that strongly characterizes the Uruguayan experience of the last five decades. It is recognized internationally both for the innovative nature of its management model and the implicit social project, as well as for the quality of the architecture and the urban environment it has generated.

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Evening Lectures Series Monday - Thursday

Jorge Rigau Professor Polytechnic University, PR

Fernando Abruña Professor Polytechnic University, PR

CYANOMETER IN HAND: Measuring Puerto Rico’s Sisu

Beyond Sustainability & Resilience

Arc. Jonathan Marvel Principal Marvel Architects

Dr. Edwin Melendez Director Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College

PR100%Renewable & the steps to get there

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Puerto Rico Post María

Dr. David Prevatt Professor University of Florida

Francisco Javier Rodriguez Professor University of Puerto Rico

Destined (and Designed) to Fail - The Plight of Caribbean

Design & Resilience before an Atmospheric Phenomena

Evening Lectures Series Monday - Thursday

Antonino Saggio Professor La Sapienza University, Rome

Pedro Cardona Professor Polytechnic University, PR

Bottom up and Top down strategies: art, architecture & infrastructures of new generations in UnLost Territories

Land Use Plan

Edwin Quiles Professor Polytechnic University, PRo

Edmundo Colon Professor Polytechnic University, PR

Talking About Informality

Last Call: Post Maria PR & the need for a Transformative Reconstruction

William Siembieda Professor Cal POLY University, California

Indira Maneiro Architect Transportation Sector Chief, FEMA

12 elements of resilient design & planning that contribute to positive practice outcomes

FEMA + COR3 Mission

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Evening Lectures Series Monday - Thursday

Ruben Otero Professor Escola da Cidade, Brazil

Dr. Yara Colon Professor Polytechnic University, PR

Housing Projects for Resiliency

Resilient Houses

Humberto Cavallin Presented by Wesley Gonzalez, Zairiangely Garcia & Suzette Lopez University of Puerto Rico

Doel Fresse Professor Polytechnic University, PR

Amparo = help + protection + shelter

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Temporary Housing System (TES)

Dr. Silvia Aloisio Architect La Sapienza University, Rome

Victor Perez Andino Graduate Andrews University

Re Density: Sustainable Strategies for Contemporary Urban Adaptations

Building in Rice and Beans

Evening Lectures Series Monday - Thursday

Julio Gaeta Director ISAD, Mexico

Anna Irene del Monaco UNESCO Chair SUQUC Secretary General

BU|FFCC: Bosque Urbano: Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca (Video)

Experimenting good practices of urban resilience for climate change in Puerto Rico & Italy looking at Africa

Yesenia Rosario & Andrea Garcia University of Puerto Rico

Jaime Suarez Professor Polytechnic University, PR

DIMMER core

Ocean Park

Ivonne Marcial Professor Polytechnic University, PR

Jeff Carney Ass. Professor & Ass. Director FIBER University of Florida

Re-visiting VIETNAM: another kind of war

Small Steps and Big Futures: Resilience & Adaptation in Coastal Louisiana

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Design Lab Directors

The Workshop invited five professors to head the projects labs. They were in charge of coordinating interdisciplinary teams of students and faculty towards the proposal of synthetic strategies.

Jeff Carney University of Florida, USA

Ruben Otero Escola da Cidade, Brazil

Nancy Clark - CHU Director University of Florida, USA

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Dr. Anna Irene del Monaco La Sapienza University / UNESCO Secretary General, Italy

Dr. Silvia Aloisio La Sapienza University, Italy

Prof. Anonino Saggio La Sapienza University, Italy

Dr. Harrison Fraker UC Berkeley, USA

Design Lab Descriptions Design Lab 01 TRANSPORTATION Use transportation as the platform for the recovery and development of the future. Public transportation and “Tren Urbano� of Puerto Rico Project Sites & Development: DIRECTOR: Indira Maneiro - Architect, Transportation Sector Chief, FEMA TEAM MEMBERS: Luis Garcia Pellati (PUPR) and Martha Bravo TEAM CONSULTANTS: Harold Lathon - FEMA

The lab examined the connectivity across the island, focusing in the River Basins approach, creating an inter-modal approach that proposes a grid across the island, installing on one hand effective public transportation lanes on the island circling coastal highways, intersected by the riverine valleys transversal soft modal approach of bicycles and electric carts following linear parks downstream. At the intersection of the two systems, a modal change node was created, including bus stop, parking facilities for cars, carts and bicycles. This proposal allows for the future operation of self-driving buses, electric bicycles, and more, diminishing the dependence on the individual car access to the metropolitan areas for recurring journeys, and creates along the established highways, a grafting node proposal that creates a civic and emergency hub. The proposals develop systems of conveyance to create places of convergence.

The expansion of the reach of the existing Tren Urbano was considered in the San Juan Metro Area, as the final link of the systems to the employment areas.

The American Railroad is conceived as a tourist asset linking with an equipped park system, the sugar cane mills and historic centers around finite sections of the Northern and Western Coasts. (Integrated lab 8)

Design Lab 02

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NEW ECONOMIC DRIVES Territorial impact of a changing economy, agro-industry and tourism.

Project Sites & Development: TBD DIRECTOR: Dr. Edwin Melendez, Director - Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College TEAM MEMBERS: Martha Kohen (UF) TEAM CONSULTANTS: Ignacio Porzecanski, Lecturer, IFAS (UF) This lab convened as research discussions, and considered the territorial outcomes of the economic possibilities, the visitor economy, the agro-industrial development, the marine economy, the knowledge society, the energy developments, while evaluating the possibilities offered by the workforce situation, the capacity building efforts, the legal framework, and the overseas conditions. Preliminary outcomes reinforce the capacity building needs for the recovery of multiple aspects to be a priority. Another aspect relies on the creation of renewable energy systems, and the capillary restoration of the urban centers.

This lab is linked to the activities of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College, NY and the outcomes from their summits, data bank, research, publications and networks.

Design Lab 03 BASIN BASED APPROACH, RE-NATURALIZATION AND ABANDONMENT Island-wide river basins integrative planning, proposals for reconfiguration of inhabited risk areas.

Intra Urban Displacement Project Sites & Development: TBD DIRECTOR: David Prevatt (UF) + Edmundo Colón - Professor (PUPR) TEAM MEMBERS: TBD TEAM CONSULTANTS: Lucilla Marvel – AICP, PPL and BFI Board Secretary Thrity Jal Vakil, Science Researcher, Director and Andres Rua Gonzalez (Puerto Rico Hardwoods) The guidelines for this approach were incorporated in the other labs, regarding the planning of the basin and its human settlements as a planning unit.

With the policy outlined by the Planning Board that there will be no investment in the floodable or at-risk areas, the 300 000 residential units affected in those areas, will need to be gradually migrated to higher ground. This policy is addressed in the Lab 6 through consolidation of Historic Urban Centers.

The River Basins studied by the labs and its sustaining Courses at UF have addressed so far the Rio Loiza, Rio Arecibo and Rio de la Plata Basins. The re-naturalization of currently human occupied wetlands will become a strategy in future decades, as risk prone areas are abandoned by lack of investment.

Design Lab 04 38

ARECIBO’S COASTAL PLAINS AND THE ATLANTIC EROSION Coexistence of nature and human settlements in the Arecibo coastal plains.

Project Sites & Development: Arecibo DIRECTOR: Nancy Clark, Associate Professor (UF) and Jorge Rigau (PUPR) TEAM MEMBERS: Esteban Sennyey, Professor – University of Puerto Rico TEAM CONSULTANTS: Andres Mignucci, FAIA, PHK, Principal – Mignucci Architects Design Lab 4 The North Region, project for the Future focused from Dorado to Arecibo - a territory where the conflict between human settlements and natural systems is heightened due to the juxtaposition of a wealth of cultural, historic, ecological, and economic assets. This area has the highest concentration of natural protected areas National Natural Landmarks and 40 registered historic places and the most important Archeological Site in the Antilles as well as the largest pharmaceutical complex in the world. This area remains critical to the islands economy for the tourist, agricultural and industrial sectors. At the same time, many communities in this region-already in decline are increasingly vulnerable to sea level rise storm related hazards, erosion, flooding, and surge.

Design Lab 4 utilized a design focused approach holistically examining the existing physical, social, economic and environmental infrastructure to create pilot projects in five territories across the North Region exploring resilience at a regional scale identifying synergies between various types of actions needed for the island with a specific emphasis on the potentiality of natural, cultural, and historical assets. The Design Lab Pilot Project Strategies include 10 actions for a more resilient North Region: Strengthening Ecosystems and Habitats to the Natural Settings of Region; Introducing Nature Based Protective Infrastructure for at-risk and vulnerable areas along the Atlantic Coastline, Coastal Floodplains, and River Basins in the Region; Identifying Economic Attractors for Strategic Development in the Region; Building | Exporting Knowledge-based Economies; Engaging Island-wide Work Force Cluster | Capacity Building | Disaster Mitigation Initiatives; Invigorate Cultural Heritage & Pueblo Cores; Prioritizing Reuse and Re-purpose of Serviced Territories, Vacant and Abandoned Structures; Enhancing Multi-Modal Mobility and Connectivity across the Region; and Identifying Relocation Zones to develop New Resilient Neighborhoods.

Design Lab 05 RRAY OF RESILIENT CONSTELLATIONS 39

Mitigating risk through resource sharing for vulnerable settlements Project Sites & Development: TBD DIRECTOR: Prof. Anna Irene del Monaco and Prof. Antonino Saggio – La Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Italy TEAM MEMBERS: TBD TEAM CONSULTANTS: Lucilla Marvel – AICP, PPL and BFI Board Secretary Initiating the proposals linking the study to the Island Dam system as the origin of the water management strategies, the proposal reactivates the constellations of settlements linked to the river basins, by the establishment of coordinated resiliency responding to complementary or parallel issues. A strategy of fortification, inclusive of the reuse of building materials mined from abandoned areas, is illustrated for the town of Arecibo, creating a strong resilient core that respects the identity of the place, while reusing its footprint for innovative resilient typologies of increased density, while providing significant common open spaces.

Design Lab 06 CITIES AND HOUSING STRATEGIES: THE 3-TIER APPROACH 40

Consolidating urban centers though a 3-tier approach Building Reuse

Urban Infill Expansion Project Sites & Development: Cataùo, Toa Baja, Toa Alta, Dorado, Vega Alta y Vega Baja DIRECTOR: Ruben Otero, Professor – Escola da Cidade, Brasil TEAM MEMBERS: Omayra Rivera (PUPR) and Pedro Cardona (PUPR) TEAM CONSULTANTS: Maria E. Barrios (UF) With the determination from PR Planning Board to promote investment in risk-free areas, the lab, following the initial research at the SOA UF courses, proposed, and exemplified with pertinent projects, a triple strategy for locating new housing and activities in the historic Pueblos. The localities for proposals in the Rio de la Plata area are Dorado, Toa Baja, Toa Alta, Vega Baja, Vega Alta and Comerio. For these localities the focus was to identify abandoned properties, (residential, commercial, industrial, public), vacant serviced lots centrally located, and larger close peripheral opportunities for larger interventions. The participants identified and quantified flooded residential areas and the replacement needs. Two important special cases were developed: for the Municipality of Toa Baja and the settlements of Campanilla, Ingenio and more, a new area for the localization of an Urban Civic node of denser living was proposed in the safe area of Candelaria, to coalesce and focus the dispersed neighborhoods. A second proposal was developed for the occupation with a Conservation Development project in an abandoned airfield in the Municipality of Vega Baja. The proposals integrates economic development, housing and ecological conservation in high ground.

Design Lab 07 ECO TRANSFORMATION

41

Adapting existing neighborhoods for a resilient future.

Project Sites & Development: Puerto Nuevo, Levittown (TBD) DIRECTOR: Dr. Harrison Fraker (UC-Berkeley) and Dr. Silvia Aloisio, La Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Italy TEAM MEMBERS: José Juan Terrassa and Maria Helena Luengo (PRUP) TEAM CONSULTANTS: Jonathan Marvel, Principal – Marvel Architects

Prateek Chitnis, BIM/Mechanical Engineer – Singleton Electric The future of the local communities is linked to their capacity to re-adapt their way of life to the new conditions imposed by the climate and the economic situation. To test this idea we selected along the Atlantic shore line an established settlement: Levittown, very affected during the hurricane, to apply some selected strategies as the use of renewable energy, biogas production composting of waste, retrofitting of the existing residential typologies and more, providing a sustainable collective urban action to transform it into a resilient sustainable community. The belief is that the recycling and sustainable systems could become a community building, and a social experience, useful to achieve systemic change, providing a demonstration project for the island. Working on the neighborhood scale allows us to create a self-sufficient community in energy, waste and water, towards an integrated system through renewing a traditional urban model. More in detail we have studied Levittown as part of a larger system that goes from Cataňo to Dorado. We suggest that to encourage the “re_starting” of the island we have to consider the possible collaboration between municipalities, a vision that puts together their strongest points like: the waterfront of Cataňo, the water link between Cataňo and San Juan, the creation of a bike path along the coastline to improve “slow tourism” and an alternative to automobiles for residents, the enhancement/promotion of the preservation reuse, and the agricultural land and the implementation of greenhouses. This new vision/master plan addresses weakness like flood risk and the proliferation of abandoned buildings.

At neighborhood scale we proposed the re-activation of abandoned lots, introducing in that spot for each eco-community a “living machine” that can guarantee the self-sustenance of the block, the increase the permeability of the soil to help water management and the buildings creating a hybrid floodable ground floor. Every residential unit could be equipped with photo voltaic panels and a system to collect and re-use the rainwater, integrated in the new design for a renovated residential typology. .

Design Lab 08 (integrated to Lab 01) AMERICAN RAILROAD Re configuring existing assets for new economic perspectives, transportation and tourism.

Project Sites & Development: Puerto Nuevo, Levittown (TBD) DIRECTOR: Jeff Carney (UF) TEAM MEMBERS: William Siembieda (Cal POLY) TEAM CONSULTANTS: Julio Gaeta - Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico

42

43

Site Visits

Municipalities of Cataño, Dorado, Arecibo, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Utuado, Toa Baja and Toa Alta

Prof. Ruben Otero | Dr. Harrison Fraker |Dr. Silvia Aloisio | Dr. Dan Zhu

44

Cataño Waterfront with Ivette Colon - Interim Director - Planning

Cataño Waterfront with Prof. Jorge Rigau - Polytechnic University

Cataño Plaza del Recreo with Ivette Colon - Interim Director - Planning

Cataño Waterfront Prof. William Siembieda | David Carrasquillo | Jennifer Hinojosa

Dorado Plaza with Prof. Pedro Cardona - Polytechnic University

Cataño Plaza de Recreo Dr. Harrison Fraker and Dr. Lucio Barbera

Toa Baja

Bishop’s Pond, Arecibo with David Carrasquillo

Bishop’s Pond, Arecibo with Jorge Rigau - Polytechnic University

In Arecibo with Abel Vale, President - Ciudadanos Del Karso

Cataño Plaza

Plaza de Recreo, Arecibo with Jorge Rigau - Polytechnic University

Plaza de Recreo, Arecibo with Antonino Saggio - La Sapienza University

Toa Alta

Toa Alta Plaza

Toa Baja

45

Sites Explorations

Municipalities of CataĂąo, Dorado, Arecibo, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Utuado, Toa Baja and Toa Alta Site visits, drone flyovers, and aerial views.

CataĂąo with Ivette Colon and students - Interim Director - Planning

Jarealito, Arecibo

46

Dorado Waterfront

Arecibo Pueblo

Toa Baja

Lago Caonillas, Utuado

Five Design Labs Presentations to the Jury (120 students + 33 faculty)

01

02

03

04 Each of the 5 labs made a power point presentation followed by a jury discussion of the proposals.

05

47

Jury Members

Prof. Edmundo Colon Polytechnic University

48

Dean Dr. Carlos Betancourt - Polytechnic University Dr. Lucio Barbera - UNESCO Prof. Edmundo Colon - Polytechnic University Prof. Maria Elena Luengo - University of Puerto Rico Dr. Omayra Rivera - Polytechnic University

Dr. Lucio Barbera UNESCO chair-holder

Dr. Maria Elena Luengo University of Puerto Rico

Prof. Pedro Cardona Polytechnic University

Dr. Omayra Rivera Polytechnic University Dean Dr. Carlos Betancourt Polytechnic University School of Architecture

Final Conclusions Dr.Carlos Betancourt Prof. Martha Kohen Dr. Lucio Barbera

Prof. Martha Kohen

Directors, Prof. Martha Kohen and Dr. Carlos Betancourt

Dr. Lucio Barbera

Dr. Carlos Betancourt, Director

49

Diploma Ceremony

Each participant received a Diploma signed by all the Institutions involved.

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51

Press Coverage

Office of Research Magazine - University of Florida

a plane in Florida at lunchtime and you could have dinner in San Juan – wasn’t there something the University of Florida could do?

Kohen thought so and took the lead, making connections across campus, and weeks later, UF hosted displaced Puerto Rican students and faculty. Then at semester’s end, UF’s Center for Hydro-generated Urbanism hosted a conference on campus, led by architecture Professor Nancy Clark, focused on tropical storms as a setting for adaptive development and architecture. But Kohen knew the best way for her students to help Puerto Rico – and learn at the same time – was to put boots on the ground.

When she organized Puerto Rico Re_Start for the spring semester, all the students wanted to go.

In August 2017, architecture Professor Martha Kohen was teaching Resilience of the Caribbean Islands, a graduate seminar. She started her classes with a roundtable discussion of current events, something she calls the World News Café, an idea she borrowed from sociology.

“We do it every class for 15 minutes or so, and students bring interesting outlooks that can be applied to the class,” says Kohen. “It gets us out of the ivory tower and more linked to what’s going on in the world.”

On Sept. 26, a month into the semester, the news was bleak. In the week since the last class meeting, Hurricane Maria had hit Puerto Rico. Even the earliest reports from the island indicated the direct hit from the category 4 hurricane was a humanitarian disaster of historic proportions. Overnight a society crumbled: electricity, communications, food, water and infrastructure disappeared.

As the class talked, an idea emerged: Puerto Rico is so close – hop 52

“Everyone saw an opportunity to make a difference,” Kohen says. “Everyone wanted to help.” (...)

The synergy created by their interdisciplinary work has turned research on Puerto Rico’s rebuilding into almost a full-time enterprise for Kohen, Clark and research associate Maria Estefania Barrios.

They’ve been to New York, back and forth to Puerto Rico, and presented at a conference hosted by FEMA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Along the way, their network has grown. (...)

“We need to connect information from churches, banks, authorities, all the people who want to do things but don’t know what everybody else is doing,” Kohen says.

“We are camping,” Kohen shrugged, as the design labs hummed all around her.

“That is our situation right now, we are camping.”

For full article, please visit: http://explore.research.ufl.edu/resilience-after-the-storm.html

Consultants and Contributors

The Workshop received the contribution of members of Cultural, Governmental and Academic Institutions.

Hector Barriera - Architect, FEMA Martha Bravo - DOT & Public Works, PR Mabel Cardec - Communication Manager, UF Ruperto Chaparro - Director, Sea Grant Puerto Rico Sergio Colon - Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña Prof. Pedro Cardona - PUPR David Carrasquillo, Planner + SPP Ernesto Diaz - Coastal Zone Management Program Prof. Melissa Díaz - PUPR Harold Lathon, FEMA Indira Maneiro, FEMA Jonathan Marvel - Marvel Architects Eileen Poueymirou - Board Member, Puerto Rico Planning Board Dr. David O. Prevatt - Department of Engineering, UF Prof. Jorge Rigau - PUPR Prof. William Siembieda - Cal Poly Jose Juan Terraza - Marvel Architects Cassandra Thomas - FEMA Abel Vale - President, Ciudadanos Del Karso Mark Wolff - Infrastructure Systems RSF Field Coordinator, Army Corps of Eng.

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Concurring Conferences with Interdisciplinary Content 2018 - 2019

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Social Gatherings PRRS_2

Opening Reception Polytechnic University

Dinner Gathering Restaurant Buenos Aires

Opening Dinner Restaurant Raices

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Closing Dinner (top) La Perla Restaurant Birthday Celebrations (middle) Polytechnic University Closing Reception (bottom) Polytechnic University

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Project Outcomes 58

This section documents the project and proposal outcomes of the 5 Design Labs.

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01

Lab 01 Lab Director:

Assoc. Prof. Jeff Carney - University of Florida

Consultants: Hector Barriera - Architect, FEMA - PR Martha Bravo - Department of Transportation & Public Works, Puerto Rico Rodrigo Castillo - PhD Students, Department of Civil & Coastal Engineering - UF David O. Prevatt - Ph.D., P.E., Associate Professor, Department of Civil & Coastal Engineering - UF William Siembieda - Professor, Ph.D., AICP, College of Architecture & Environmental Design Cal Poly University Dan Zhu - Research Associate - CHU, University of Florida Students: Rafael Lloveras-Fuentes | Victor Perez

Regional Transportation Network

Systems of Conveyance, Places of Convergence

The Proposal The lab examined the connectivity across the island, focusing in the River Basins approach, creating an inter-modal approach that proposes a grid across the island, installing on one hand effective public transportation lanes on the island circling coastal highways, intersected by the riverine valleys transversal soft modal approach of bicycles and electric carts following linear parks downstream. At the intersection of the two systems, a modal change node was created, including bus stop, parking facilities for cars, carts and bicycles. This proposal allows for the future operation of self-driving buses, electric bicycles, and more, diminishing the dependence on the individual car access to the metropolitan areas for recurring journeys, and creates along the established highways, a grafting node proposal that creates a civic and emergency hub. The proposals develop systems of conveyance to create places of convergence.

The expansion of the reach of the existing Tren Urbano was considered in the San Juan Metro Area, as the final link of the systems to the employment areas. The American Railroad is conceived as a tourist asset linking with an equipped park system, the sugar cane mills and historic centers around finite sections of the Northern and Western Coasts.

In response to traffic, sprawl, and the increasing risks to island communities resulting from climate change, this proposal effectively and dependably convey people and goods along a multi-modal transportation network, while reconnecting the hydrological function of the inland river system as it flows toward the coast. Where transportation systems bridge ecological corridors regional and local identities can emerge.

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History of Puerto Rico From an Inland to a Coastal Focus

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Modern Puerto Rico is Built on an Industrial Infrastructure for Production and Export of Sugar

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65

Puerto Rico has Capitalized on this Edge to Support Tourism

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67

Today Puerto Rico is a Densely Populated Place Primarily around the Coastal Edge

68

The island’s ecology is varied and changes as the climate warms

69

San Juan Region

Flooding from Sea Level Rise and Inland Rivers

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Following Hurricane Maria, How Can Transportation Support the Future of Puerto Rico?

71

Mobil Society Coastal Proposal

Transportation Modes Car Dependency

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Recovery that Builds Long-term Resilience Resilient and Sustainable Future

Commitment to Resilience Rebuild / Sustain

Private and Community Investment

Population

Federal/Government Investment

Economy Tourism Ecology

Supports Local/Global Economy Responds to Changing Climate Risks Connects People and Places 73

The Island Scale Population

4 Main Metropolitan Regions: Interchange with the US mainland

74

The Island Scale Economics

3 Main Economic Regions:

Connected through Infrastructure around and across the Island

75

The Island Scale Tourism

Tourism Network Primarily along the Coast: Inland tourism

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The Island Scale Composite System

Concentration on the Island Loop: Contrast with the watershed transect

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The San Juan Region Proposal

Today:

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Sprawling low-density development Auto-dependence and high traffic Lack of Identity Disconnection from Environment

Eco Communities - Type A Levittown Proposal

Impacts of Climate Change:

Sea level rise will impact coastal edge Increased rain will increase river flooding

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Type A

Functional Diagrams

Systems of Conveyance, Places of Convergence:

80

Give “room for the river” and “room for the sea” Transit expansion to include bike, BRT, rail, to build redundancy and choice Town centers reinvigorated as re-connected centers of identity

Rio la Plata Basin Parkway Reconnecting Dorado

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Rio la Plata Basin Parkway Reconnecting Dorado

Systems of Conveyance: Transportation Water

Places of Convergence:

Transport Interchanges

Traditional Town Centers

Identity: People, Place, History, Structure a Resilient Future

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Rio la Plata Basin Parkway Highway 22 Transit Connector

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Rio la Plata Basin Parkway Route 2 Transit Stop

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Rio la Plata Basin Parkway Basin Parkway

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87

02

Lab 02 Lab Director: Prof. Ruben Otero - Escola da Cidade, Brazil - Director Consultants: Consultants: Dr. Omayra Rivera - Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico Dr. Lucio Barbera - UNESCO Chair-holder Sustainable Urban Quality & Urban Culture Students: Eliane Garbero | Jonathan Fitzgerald | Juan Medina

Cities & Housing Strategies

Rebuilding a Stronger Community through Housing Opportunities

The Proposal With the determination from PR Planning Board to promote investment in risk-free areas, the lab, following the initial research at the SOA UF courses, proposed, and exemplified with pertinent projects, a triple strategy for locating new housing and activities in the historic Pueblos. The localities for proposals in the Rio de la Plata area are Dorado, Toa Baja, Toa Alta, Vega Baja, Vega Alta and Comerio. For these localities the focus was to identify abandoned properties, (residential, commercial, industrial, public), vacant serviced lots centrally located, and larger close peripheral opportunities for larger interventions. The participants identified and quantified flooded residential areas and the replacement needs. Two important special cases were developed: for the Municipality of Toa Baja and the settlements of Campanilla, Ingenio and more, a new area for the localization of an Urban Civic node of denser living was proposed in the safe area of Candelaria, to coalesce and focus the dispersed neighborhoods. The proposals integrates economic development, housing and ecological conservation.

90

International Project & Research Workshop

Puerto Rico Re_Start 2 Š PRRS_2 Workshop: Design Lab 2 Cities and Housing Strategies

Rebuilding a Stronger Community through Housing Opportunities

Prof. Ruben Otero Workshop Director

Dr. Lucio Barbera Dr. Omayra Rivera Consultants

Students: Eliane Garbero | Jonathan Fitzgerald | Juan Medina

91

1. Cities must be Plural Complex Compact 2. Developing Urbanity Streets Squares Parks Community 3. Housing is not an Isolated Issue It must relate with: Work Education Leisure Mobility 4. Social Housing

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Has to be participative Has to be inclusive Has to involve different scales Has to involve different strategies: Infill Reuse New buildings

Social Housing can be a Landmark

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Preliminary Analysis Demographics Statistics

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Source: https://www.populationpyramid.net/puerto-rico/candelaria/2017

Preliminary Analysis Housing Statistics

Toa Baja Pueblo, Toa Baja

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates

Ingenio, Toa Baja

Campanilla, Toa Baja

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Preliminary Analysis Flooding, Candelaria

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Source: https://www.fema.gov/risk-map-region-ii-puerto-rico

- Toa Baja Pueblo, Toa Baja - Candelaria, Toa Baja - Maguayo, Dorado

Toa Baja Pueblo, Toa Baja

Population: 1,344 Number of residencies: 640

Ingenio, Toa Baja

Population: 4,275 Number of residencies: 1,901

Campanilla, Toa Baja

Population: 5,953 Number of residencies: 2,569

= 5,110 residencies and 11,575 people affected Source: https://www.fema.gov/risk-map-region-ii-puerto-rico

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Preliminary Analysis Transportation

98

Source: https://moovitapp.com/

Preliminary Analysis Site: Candelaria

Area: 8,730,084 ft²

Source: https://www.google.com/

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Proposal

Site: Candelaria

100

1000 ft 101

Proposal

Site: Candelaria

Urban Farm Technological School

Park

Civic Square

Mixed Use Buildings Public Building

102

Urban Farm

Agricultural School

103

Proposal

Site: Candelaria

104

105

Proposal

Site: Candelaria

106

107

03

Lab 03 Lab Directors:

Dr. Anna Irene del Monaco - La Sapienza University, Rome Dr. Antonino Saggio - La Sapienza University, Rome Consultants: Lucilla Marvel - AICP, PPL and BFI Board Secretary Dr. Lucio Barbera - UNESCO Chair-holder Sustainable Urban Quality & Urban Culture Students: Manuel Fort | Grace Infante | Sabrina Luengo | Hans Milian | Meaghan Nguyen

Array of Resilient Constellations

Reactivating the Constellations of Water Basins and Settlements

The Proposal Initiating the proposals linking the study to the Island Dam system as the origin of the water management strategies, the proposal reactivates the constellations of settlements linked to the river basins, by the establishment of coordinated resiliency responding to complementary or parallel issues. A strategy of fortification, inclusive of the reuse of building materials mined from abandoned areas, is illustrated for the town of Arecibo, creating a strong resilient core that respects the identity of the place, while reusing its footprint for innovative resilient typologies of increased density, while providing significant common open spaces.

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An Array of Resilient Constellations

Constellation con·stel·la·tion noun

a conceptual construct to connect discrete entities in a meaningful way 111

Inspiration: The Lightning Field

Walter De Maria, The Lightning Field

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Source: https://www.diaart.org/visit/visit/walter-de-maria-the-lightning-field

Hydrology and Flood Plains 25 Major Reservoirs and 14 Abandoned

Source: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=50979d7655ea4fb3bf263e5672252adb

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Main Reservoirs of Puerto Rico

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Source: https://redescubriendoapuertorico.blogspot.com/2014/09/mapa-embalses-principales-de-puerto-rico.html

Sedimentation Build-up Decays the Infrastructure

Change in shape of elevation-volume curve over time as influenced by the predominant pattern of sediment deposition in a reservoir.

Source: Sediment Management and Sustainable Use of Reservoirs, Book

Longitudinal profiles can reveal the presence of turbidity current deposits at the dam.

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Embalse Dos Bocas - Hydroelectric Plant Arecibo

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Source: http://www.recursosaguapuertorico.com/EmbalsesPRPage2.html?no_redirect=true Source: http://www.recursosaguapuertorico.com/Hidroelectricas-Fotos.html?no_redirect=true

Data Gathering

Source: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=50979d7655ea4fb3bf263e5672252adb

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Data Analysis

118

Source: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=50979d7655ea4fb3bf263e5672252adb

Reservoir Analysis

Re-naturalization and Abandonment

Urban Productivity - Water and power supplied Abandonment - Physical Condition

Attractiveness - Recreation uses Isolation - Remote location

119

Settlements Analysis

Re-naturalization and Abandonment

Productivity - Population Size Isolated - Remote location

Potential - Tourist Attractions Abandonment - Rate of Population Decline

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Findings

Re-naturalization and Abandonment

121

Land Use and Natural Risks Re-naturalization and Abandonment

122

Land Use and Natural Risks Re-naturalization and Abandonment

123

124

Land Use and Natural Risks Re-naturalization and Abandonment

125

Reinforcing Vulnerable Settlements Re-naturalization and Abandonment

Why Arecibo?

Reinforce a city that have facilities for emergencies, (self sustainment), and to add valuable infrastructure to a city that would encourage the economical and social growth of its residents, to strengthen central PR. This urban strategy can be applied along many of the river deltas of Puerto Rico.

126

Strengthening the Constellation Re-naturalization and Abandonment

127

Strengthening the Constellation Re-naturalization and Abandonment

128

Source: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=25cddebe09114e8d99847a503d07e96f

Source: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=25cddebe09114e8d99847a503d07e96f

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Strengthening the Constellation Re-naturalization and Abandonment

130

Source: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=25cddebe09114e8d99847a503d07e96f

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Strengthening the Constellation Re-naturalization and Abandonment

132

Source: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=25cddebe09114e8d99847a503d07e96f

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Strengthening the Constellation Re-naturalization and Abandonment

134

Source: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=25cddebe09114e8d99847a503d07e96f

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Flood-able Areas as Opportunity Re-naturalization and Abandonment

136

Source: FEMA

137

Flood able Areas as Opportunity Re-naturalization and Abandonment

138

Strengths and Weakness as a Loop System Re-naturalization and Abandonment

Negatives can become resources to reinforce the strengths 139

What if historic attractions can be fortified through a seawall built from the rubble of the abandoned settlements?

140

What if unused properties became a public asset?

141

Current Conditions

Re-naturalization and Abandonment

142

Proposal

Re-naturalization and Abandonment

143

Proposal

Re-naturalization and Abandonment

What if flood able areas played an economic role?

144

145

Current Conditions

Re-naturalization and Abandonment

146

Proposal

Re-naturalization and Abandonment

147

Reactivating the Constellations of Water Basins and Settlements Functional Area of San Juan

148

Reactivating the Constellations of Water Basins and Settlements Functional Area of Manati

149

150

151

04

Lab 04 Lab Director:

Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark - University of Florida Consultants: Sergio Colon - Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña Ruperto Chaparro - Director, Sea Grant Puerto Rico Ernesto Diaz - Coastal Zone Management Program Cassandra Thomas - FEMA Hub of Philanthropic Engagement Abel Vale, President - Ciudadanos Del Karso

Mark Wolff - Field Coordinator USACE Students: Mohamad Alkadry | Christian Alonso | Andrew Benavides | Ana Celdran | Jorge Couso | Luke Davis |Aldrin

Gaffud | Maria Guruceaga | Mani Karami | Andrea Melendez | Beikel Navarro Rivas | Kyle Tonkins

The North Region

Coexistence of Nature and Human Settlements in the Arecibo Coastal Plains

The Proposal Design Lab 4 The North Region, project for the Future focused from Dorado to Arecibo - a territory where the conflict between human settlements and natural systems is heightened due to the juxtaposition of a wealth of cultural, historic, ecological, and economic assets. This area has the highest concentration of natural protected areas National Natural Landmarks and 40 registered historic places and the most important Archeological Site in the Antilles as well as the largest pharmaceutical complex in the world. This area remains critical to the islands economy for the tourist, agricultural and industrial sectors. At the same time, many communities in this region-already in decline are increasingly vulnerable to sea level rise storm related hazards, erosion, flooding, and surge. Design Lab 4 utilized a design focused approach holistically examining the existing physical, social, economic and environmental infrastructure to create pilot projects in five territories across the North Region exploring resilience at a regional scale identifying synergies between various types of actions needed for the island with a specific emphasis on the potentiality of natural, cultural, and historical assets. The Design Lab Pilot Project Strategies include 10 actions for a more resilient North Region: Strengthening Ecosystems and Habitats to the Natural Settings of Region; Introducing Nature Based Protective Infrastructure for at-risk and vulnerable areas along the Atlantic Coastline, Coastal Floodplains, and River Basins in the Region; Identifying Economic Attractors for Strategic Development in the Region; Building | Exporting Knowledge-based Economies; Engaging Island-wide Work Force Cluster | Capacity Building | Disaster Mitigation Initiatives; Invigorate Cultural Heritage & Pueblo Cores; Prioritizing Reuse and Re-purpose of Serviced Territories, Vacant and Abandoned Structures; Enhancing Multi-Modal Mobility and Connectivity across the Region; and Identifying Relocation Zones to develop New Resilient Neighborhoods.

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Natural and Cultural Assets of the North Region

- 38 Registered Historic Structures | Dorado -Arecibo - National Natural Monument| Rio Abajo State Forest - 20 Protected Natural Areas - Third-largest Cave System in the World| Rio Camuy Cave Park - Largest Wetland in Puerto Rico | CaĂąo Tiburones - Important Archaeological Sites in the Antilles | Caguana Indigenous Park - Over 100 Endangered Species

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Arecibo Harbor Landscape

156

Cueva Ventana Landscape

157

Los Corales Ricordea [Ricordea Florida] Habitats | Species

158

Hacienda La Esperanza Historical Sites

159

Arecibo Observatory Science

160

Cueva del Indio Archaeological Sites

161

Connectivity Networks Nature Based Protective Infrastructure The North Region

- Coastal Bike Trail - Pueblo Bike Lanes - Water Craft Recreation - Rest Hubs 162

- Horizontal “Living” Levee - Artificial Reef Barriers - Dune Restoration - Diversion Basins

Infrastructure

Horizontal “Living” Levee

163

Infrastructure Levee

Levee

164

Infrastructure

Horizontal “Living� Levee

Horizontal Levee Shrimp

Bike Trail

Recreational Area

Crab

Turtles Pelagic Fish

Natural Water Filtration

165

Pilot Project Areas

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THE NORTH REGION Pilot Project Proposals in five territories across the North Region exploring resilience at a regional scale with a focus on identifying the synergies between various types of actions needed for the island with a specific emphasis on the potentiality of natural, cultural, and historical assets abundant in the region.

PILOT PROJECT STRATEGIES Strengthening Ecosystems and Habitats & Connecting People to the Natural Settings of Region Identifying Economic Attractors for Strategic Development in the Region Building | Exporting Knowledge based Economies Engaging Island wide Work Force Cluster|Capacity Building |Disaster Mitigation Initiatives Invigorate Cultural Heritage & Pueblo Cores Prioritizing Reuse and Re-purpose of Serviced Territories | Vacant and Abandoned Structures Promote Community Access to Natural Resources through enhanced Mobility and Connectivity between Natural Resources and Open Spaces

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Pilot Project Areas Dorado

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Infrastructure

Horizontal “Living” Levee

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Hub for Disaster Mitigation / Green Skills Training

Training and Environmental Awareness with facilities such as K-12 Learning Labs and Vocational Training Centers for workforce development

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Pilot Project Areas Jarealito

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Jarealito Relocation and Re-naturalization FEMA Flood Zoning of Jarealito

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Jarealito Relocation and Re-naturalization Proposal

Arecibo Lighthouse

Arecibo Harbor

Abandoned Power Plant Future Re-naturalization Zone

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Breakwater & Coral Reef Habitat

Sand Dune Restoration

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Jarealito Relocation and Re-naturalization Sand Dune Restoration

Before

After

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Jarealito Relocation and Re-naturalization Arecibo Harbor

Coastal Cliff Outlooks

Bishop’s Arecibo Lighthouse Pond

Wetlands Garden

Sand Dune Restoration

Breakwater Pier Outlook

Open Air Structure

Rest Hub

Site for Civic / Community Amenity

Deployable Floating Stage & Pools

Marina Wetlands

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Jarealito Relocation and Re-naturalization Arecibo Harbor

Breakwater Pier Outlook Open Air Structure Wetlands Garden Deployable Floating Stage & Pools Arecibo Lighthouse Rest Hub Coastal Cliff Outlooks

Civic / Community Amenity

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Bishop’s Pond

Jarealito Relocation and Re-naturalization Coastal Cliff Outlooks

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Pilot Project Areas Rio Grande de Arecibo

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Pilot Project Areas Arecibo

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Pilot Project: Karst Institute and Museum Private Public Initiative, Arecibo

Ciudadanos del Karso, Sociedad Ornitologica PuertorriqueĂąa, Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, Iniciativa Herpetologica, Sociedad de Estudios Espeleologicos del Norte, and the Hydrological Modeling and Water Resources

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Pilot Project: Karst Institute and Museum Private Public Initiative, Arecibo

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Pilot Project Areas CaĂąo Tiburones

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Ornithological Analysis CaĂąo Tiburones

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Ornithological Interpretative Trail CaĂąo Tiburones

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Kayak Resting Areas CaĂąo Tiburones

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Bird Watching Tower CaĂąo Tiburones

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Visitor Information Center CaĂąo Tiburones

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Pilot Project Areas Lagos Dos Bocas

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Pilot Project Areas Lagos Dos Bocas

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Floating Research Labs

Bridge Access Road for River Research Zip-line

Recreational Facility

Green Wall Drainage Wall

Interpretive Walk

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05

Lab 05 Lab Directors: Dr. Harrison Fraker - Berkeley University Dr. Silvia Aloisio - University of La Sapienza Consultants: Jonathan Marvel - Marvel Architects Jose Juan Terraza - Marvel Architects Prof. Melissa DĂ­az - Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, School of Engineering Dr. Lucio Barbera - UNESCO Chair-holder Sustainable Urban Quality & Urban Culture Students: Shane Ah-Siong | Natasha Beach | Thanh Huynh | Natasha Lotch | Kathryn Mallory | Aya Mohanna |

Victoria Tracy

Eco-transformation

A new vision for the Atlantic shore line and its communities

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Concept

The future of the local communities is linked to their capacity to re-adapt their way of life to the new conditions imposed by the climate and the economic situation. To test this idea we selected along the Atlantic shore line an established settlement: Levittown, very affected during the hurricane, to apply some selected strategies as the use of renewable energy, biogas production composting of waste, retrofitting of the existing residential typologies and more, providing a sustainable collective urban action to transform it into a resilient sustainable community. The belief is that the recycling and sustainable systems could become a community building, and a social experience, useful to achieve systemic change, providing a demonstration project for the island. Working on the neighborhood scale allows us to create a self-sufficient community in energy, waste and water, towards an integrated system through renewing a traditional urban model. More in detail we have studied Levittown as part of a larger system that goes from Cataňo to Dorado. We suggest that to encourage the “re_starting” of the island we have to consider the possible collaboration between municipalities, a vision that puts together their strongest points like: the waterfront of Cataňo, the water link between Cataňo and San Juan, the creation of a bike path along the coastline to improve “slow tourism” and an alternative to automobiles for residents, the enhancement/promotion of the preservation reuse, and the agricultural land and the implementation of greenhouses. This new vision/master plan addresses weakness like flood risk and the proliferation of abandoned buildings.

At neighborhood scale we proposed the re-activation of abandoned lots, introducing in that spot for each eco-community a “living machine” that can guarantee the self-sustenance of the block, the increase the permeability of the soil to help water management and the buildings creating a hybrid floodable ground floor. Every residential unit could be equipped with photo voltaic panels and a system to collect and re-use the rainwater, integrated in the new design for a renovated residential typology.

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Existing Conditions

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo, PR

To test the idea, the team identified an existing settlement, Levittown, that was very affected during hurricane Maria and applied selected strategies to transform it into a resilient sustainable community.

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Selected Areas

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo, PR

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Master Plan Proposal

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo, PR

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The team studied Levittown as part of a larger system that goes from Cataño to Dorado. The proposal encourages the “re_starting” of the island, for which collaboration between municipalities must be considered, proposing a vision that put together their strongest points such as: the waterfront of Cataño, the water link between Cataño and San Juan, the possibility to create a bike path that goes along the coastline becoming a way to improve the “slow tourism” and provide residents an alternative to automobiles, the enhancement of the conservation areas, to addresses weaknesses such as flood prone areas, and the proliferation of abandoned buildings caused by population migration.

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Area 1: Cataño

Dorado, Toa Baja and Cataño Proposal

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Cataño New Waterfront

Dorado, Toa Baja and Cataño Proposal

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Bike Path

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Existing Conditions

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Future Conditions

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Existing Conditions

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Future Conditions

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Area 2: Toa Baja - Levittown Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Levittown - Water Management Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Levittown - Eco Communities Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Eco Communities - Type A Levittown Proposal

Eco- Community Number of Houses: 433 Number of people: 856 Number of Abandoned Houses: 8 Number of Abandoned Special Buildings: 5 Investment Buildings: 26

Consumption per resident in one year

Consumption per Household

Consumption of the Block

Water: 36,720 gal/yr Waste: 1,864.8 lbs / yr Energy: 5,837.27 kWh/yr

Water: 91,800 gal/yr Waste: 4,662 lbs/yr Energy: 14,593.18 kWh/yr

Water: 39,749,400 gal/yr Waste: 1,596,286 lbs/yr Energy: 4,996,403 kWh/yr

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Type A

Functional Diagrams

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Type A

Existing Conditions

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Type A

Future Conditions

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Type A

Future Conditions

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Type A

Anarobic Digester - The Living Machine

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Type A

Anarobic Digester - The Living Machine

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Type A

Anaerobic Digester - The Living Machine

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Eco Communities - Type B Levittown Proposal

266 Houses

665 Residents

Abandoned Houses: 8 No Ownership: 1 Investment companies: 5 Housing department: 2

Consumption per resident in one year

Consumption per Household

Consumption of the Block

Water: 36,720 gal/yr Waste: 1,864.8 lbs / yr Energy: 5,837.27 kWh/yr

Water: 91,800 gal/yr Waste: 4,662 lbs/yr Energy: 14,593.18 kWh/yr

Water: 24,418,800 gal/yr Waste: 1,240,092 lbs/yr Energy: 3,881,785,88 kWh/yr

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Eco Block - Type B

Retrofitting at a Neighborhood Scale

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Levittown

Existing Housing Typologies

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New Housing Typologies Levittown Proposal Existing Typology

Proposed Typology

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Area 3: Dorado - Eco Agriculture

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Area 3: Eco Agriculture

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo Proposal

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Post Factum Addenda University of Florida

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International Project & Research Workshop

Puerto Rico Re_Start 2 Š

2018 Fall Seminar Toa Baja Combating Isolation A Grid of Constellations

Prof. Martha Kohen Assoc. Prof. Nancy Clark University of Florida

Students: Kyle Adams | Andrew Benavides | Guillermo Cochrane

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Combating Isolation A Grid of Constellations

Puerto Rico had island-wide damages and tragedies occurring during and after Hurricane Maria. Of the major situations observed, we selected to further research the communications, power, water/food, material and transportation conditions. In talks with Municipalities Mayors and FEMA officials, we deduced that these situations are critical, they are in most need of help and caused the most damage.

In regards to communication, surprisingly, many of the cell towers and communication arrays had little to no integral structural damage; however many antennas and mounts were damaged, causing complete signal loss for most if not all of the 97 owned sites. A month after the storm, 88.3% of the island remained with little to no communication with other cities within the island, and with the outside nations. Many companies have opted not to invest much into the island’s communications due to its lack of infrastructure and ability to self-sustain. However, this is in regards to the standard cell tower. We propose a newer technology that would prove the cell towers to be obsolete and bring investors and companies back to Puerto Rico.1 Cellular Tower Map

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1. Wireless Estimator. “Lack of On-site Generators, COWs, Contributes to Puerto Rico’s Still Horrendous Cell Service.” Wireless Estimator. October 03, 2017. Accessed December 10, 2018. http://wirelessestimator.com/articles/2017/lack-of-on-site-generators-contributesto-puerto-ricos-still-horrendous-cell-service/.

Source: Wireless Estimator. “Lack of On-site Generators, COWs, Contributes to Puerto Rico’sStill Horrendous Cell Service.” Wireless Estimator. October 03, 2017. Accessed December 10, 2018. http://wirelessestimator.com/articles/2017/lack-of-on-site-generators-contributes-to-puertoricos-still-horrendous-cell-service/..

Puerto Rico’s power situation is a multi-disciplinary issue and quite possibly the most important to be addressed. With power and electricity comes the ability to do many things, including storing food, water and medicine.

Five months after Hurricane Maria, there were still approximately 900,000 residents without power disbursed throughout the island, and most if not all lost power during the storm. While the major cities were able to restore power in a week or two, the inland cities and the ones in the mountainous regions lost power for months. Due to its massive need for repair during storm time, Puerto Rico simply does not have the man-power and material needed to steadily and quickly solve the island’s power issue in the wake of the storm. According to the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA), the island needed about 53,000 poles, 17 million conductors and 184,750 insulators in order to restore power to the island. Needless to say that acquiring all of those materials, let alone distributing them, is a feat on its own. However, there are several operational sites using micro-grids that are successfully able to power emergency centers and vital structures for the Island. We plan on implementing these micro-grids more throughout our proposal.2 2. Acevedo, Nicole. “Why Does Restoring Full Power in Puerto Rico Seem like a Never-ending Task?” NBCNews.com. February 19, 2018. Accessed December 11, 2018. https://www. nbcnews.com/storyline/puerto-rico-crisis/why-does-restoring-full-power-puerto-ricoseem-never-ending-n847211.

3. “ResilientPowerPR.” ResilientPowerPR. Accessed December 11, 2018. https://resilientpowerpr.org/.

Power Distribution Map

Source: Behr, Peter, Rod Kuckro, David Ferris, Climatewire, and E&E News. “HURRICANE MARIA: Trump Admin Takes over Puerto Rico Grid Recovery.” POLITICS: How Do You Shift Republicans on Climate? Be Nice -- Wednesday, September 6, 2017. Accessed December 12, 2018. https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060062123.

SCALES OF IMPACT

Resilient Power Puerto Rico Grid

Source: “ResilientPowerPR.” ResilientPowerPR. Accessed December 11, 2018. https://resilientpowerpr.org/.

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Another recurring issue that goes hand in hand with the power situation is that of transportation and the infrastructure needed. Dozens of cities were cut off during and after the storm due to the destruction of the roads and debris blocking the roads leading up to their city. This left many cities isolated during the storm with no way to communicate with the relief help. They felt stranded, only able to help themselves. Even with the major roads having been the first to be repaired and cleared, some of the branches of said major roads leading to these cities would still be littered with debris, and at some point would become unnavigable. The ability to get to a certain city is vital in the relief effort for Puerto Rico. FEMA and the Puerto Rican government stated issues where they were unable to provide relief due to simply not being able to get vehicles over to the town or city, and the city or town coupled with difficult terrain, had no viable location to potentially land official helicopters.

FEMA Road Closure Map

Source: “Puerto Rico Road Status as of September 28, 2017.” Emergency Support Function Annexes | FEMA.gov. Accessed December 12, 2018. https://www.fema.gov/media-library/ assets/images/143781.

Major Road Map

Source: “Traveling to Puerto Rico.” Welcome to Puerto Rico! Accessed December 12, 2018. http://welcome.topuertorico.org/tinfo.shtml.

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Railway Map

Source: Long, W. Rodney. Railways of Central America and the West Indies. Washington: Govt. Print. Off., 1925.

Power Loss Map After Storm

Source: Elnuevodia. “La NASA Publica Asombrosas Imágenes De Puerto Rico Después Del Huracán María.”

El Nuevo Dia. December 11, 2018. Accessed December 12, 2018. https://www.elnuevodia.com/ciencia/ ciencia/nota/lanasapublicaasombrosasimagenesdepuertoricodespuesdelhuracanmaria-2464922/?fbclid=IwAR0NfS4MR387KHun_8j0wjC0sTkYZS6oxpeX9ItoX-EDUA_4lavQTzJMu3Y.

Power Loss Map

Source: Elnuevodia. “La NASA Publica Asombrosas Imágenes De Puerto Rico Después Del Huracán María.” El Nuevo Dia. December 11, 2018. Accessed December 12, 2018. https://www.elnuevodia. com/ciencia/ciencia/nota/lanasapublicaasombrosasimagenesdepuertoricodespuesdelhuracanmaria-2464922/?fbclid=IwAR0NfS4MR387KHun_8j0wjC0sTkYZS6oxpeX9ItoX-EDUA_4lavQTzJMu3Y.

Power Loss Map 6 Months After Storm

Source: Elnuevodia. “La NASA Publica Asombrosas Imágenes De Puerto Rico Después Del Huracán María.”

El Nuevo Dia. December 11, 2018. Accessed December 12, 2018. https://www.elnuevodia.com/ciencia/ ciencia/nota/lanasapublicaasombrosasimagenesdepuertoricodespuesdelhuracanmaria-2464922/?fbclid=IwAR0NfS4MR387KHun_8j0wjC0sTkYZS6oxpeX9ItoX-EDUA_4lavQTzJMu3Y.

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Array of Constellations Grouping of Relief Hubs

Puerto Rico has a beautiful culture and shares great pride island-wide. During inclement weather and other natural disasters, many public infrastructures are shut down or unable to continue functioning. These infrastructures include, but are not limited to: public roads that are also emergency routes, power which leads to loss of subsequential infrastructure, water and adequate shelter. Out of these situations that arise during natural disasters, we have researched and come to the conclusion that the situations that take priority over the others would include communications (power) and lack of transportation infrastructure. Without these vital public infrastructure, there is a devastating issue of isolation happening both island-wide and within the smaller scale of town to town. Isolation is both a physical and a mental problem in regards to morale. Many towns, neighborhoods and even municipalities were left to fend for themselves as they were isolated from each other. With the roads having either been destroyed or blocked by debris along with communications being down due to no power and poor infrastructure, these are the main situations we want to solve. We plan on reconnecting these sites through methodically thought out beacons and centers within the local sites and linked constellations providing a strong line to sew these sites together.

Puerto Rico Constellation Analysis

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Array of Constellations

Single Raised Shelter Occupant Load 1-20

Relief Hub Modules

Multiple Raised Shelters Approx. 7 Configuration

Toa Baja Pueblo

Large Infirmary (Can be added upon)

Campanilla

Large Helipad (Approx. 3000 sq-ft) Mucarabones

Puerto Rico Constellation Analysis Constellation Potential Sites

Large Food and Water Distribution Center

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Array of Constellations - Potential Site Study Toa Baja Pueblo

We grouped many of these potential sites into “constellations” through their potential connection in the use of relief transportation, communication, power, food and water infrastructure. The first potential site we will be looking into is Toa Baja Pueblo, located along La Plata River’s edge. The site has an interesting history of situations during natural disasters.

During Hurricane Maria, flooding was an obvious problem that plagued the town. However, the contents of the flooding created long term problems.

The water level rising brought with it clay run off from the mountain region inland of the island. At first this was no surprise as most flooding brings debris of some sort and the water is usually filled with dirt and ground contents. However, because of the concentrated levels of wet clay being brought in the town, the clay would catch on the ground and other hard non-permeable surfaces. As the water left the town, the clay stayed. With all the water gone and the clay remaining in the town, it did not take very long for the clay to harden and create another hurdle and obstacle for the people of Toa Baja Pueblo to overcome. Emergency relief efforts and vehicles could not enter or even get close to the town without first excavating their way through the solid clay after the storm. We considered this as a very localized problem that takes priority and that can be addressed. The solution to this problem can drive other potential adaptations to resolve the issue.

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Proposed Solutions

Single Raised Shelter Occupant Load 1-20

Toa Baja Pueblo

Multiple Raised Shelters Approx. 7 Configuration

Large Infirmary (Can be added upon)

Large Helipad (Approx. 3000 sq-ft)

CIT 21 Government-Owned Fiber Optic Conduits Design for the deployment of conduit for buried fiber optic cable and other utilities.

Large Food and Water Distribution Center

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Combating Isolation - Potential Site Study Mucarabones

Many municipalities, including the mayors of Toa Alta and Toa Baja, have congregated to discuss their road and isolation issue. Many of the towns within the municipalities are cut off from each other. The mayors are proposing a new road cutting across relatively safe landscapes to connect already disconnected cities which would give both cities access to emergency routes. The proposed new road would create a connection that will be utilized in this relief hub, which would sit on a major intersection allowing much of the relief force ease of access and deployment into a major network reaching many cities. The hub also sits in a major zone in need of relief during storms. It will play a pivotal role before, during and after storms, providing food, water, shelter, power and material for the nearby cities.

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Proposed Solutions

Single Raised Shelter Occupant Load 1-20

Toa Baja Pueblo

Multiple Raised Shelters Approx. 7 Configuration

Large Infirmary (Can be added upon)

Large Helipad (Approx. 3000 sq-ft)

CIT 7 Establish an Alternate Emergency Operations Center Establish an alternate EOC, an alternate PSAP, and a center for continuity of operations and continuity of government housed in the same building.

Large Food and Water Distribution Center

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Combating Isolation - Potential Site Study Campanilla

This site, just along the outskirts of Campanilla, framed by PR-22 and road 165, is a prime candidate to be a connecting hub. Being adjacent to the Metro Urbano Station, which has a large paved parking lot, creates a great ground work for an emergency relief hub. This large lot provides ample space, not only for multiple large trucks to access the area, but also for temporary helicopter landing structures. While being on the outskirts, it neighbors the outer-ring of residential housing, creating the opportunity to create public parks. Campanilla has one park, a single baseball field, which gives an opportunity for a larger park to become a community gathering location that provides a variety of utilizations. This relief hub has an opportunity to take on many different forms that could shape how the green areas are utilized. In some iterations it could be a wetland preserve which allows for a canal system that could help in times of flooding. This idea could begin to inform the other constellations on how they may react to the relief efforts.

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Proposed Solutions

Single Raised Shelter Occupant Load 1-20

Toa Baja Pueblo

Multiple Raised Shelters Approx. 7 Configuration

Large Infirmary (Can be added upon)

Large Helipad (Approx. 3000 sq-ft)

CIT 5 Implement Public Safety/Government Comms Backup Power

Large Food and Water Distribution Center

Increase the resilience and redundancy of Puerto Rico’s public safety and government communications networks by implementing standardized backup power.

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Railroad Park Architect: TLS Landscape Architects Location: Birmingham, Alabama Area: 19 Acres Date: 2010

Array of Constellations - Case Study Communal Gathering

Located in Birmingham, Alabama, the Railroad Park project seeks to bring together the local community. TLS does so by using major lines on transportation, such as the tracks and 17th street, highlighted above.

The park not only brings community members for movie showings (right), but for musical performances and other displays of art. This provides for the encouragement of local youth and aspiring artists within their own communities, fostering success for the future.

Railroad Park - Neighborhood Plan

The park also provides ample space for floodwater storage via excavated ponds of varying sizes, as shown in the plan (top) and in the far end of the overhead picture (left and bottom).

Railroad Park - Overhead Picture

Railroad Park - Grouping Map

Source: TLS Landscape Architects http://tlslandarch.com/portfolio_page/railroad-park/

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Railroad Park - Gathering

Keller Court Commons Community Architect: MAD Architecture Location: Petaluma, California Date: 2018

Array of Constellations - Case Study Communal Living

The Keller Court Commons is described by MAD Architects as a Pocket Neighborhood, which is a group of households that are specifically designed to fit around a common area. This promotes relationships with your neighbors and creates a warmer, more inviting sense of community. It is made up of de-constructed 2-story buildings, creating efficient spaces for multi-family use.

Looking at this project, it seems possible to implement similar “pocket neighborhoods� within Puerto Rico. It strengthens family and community gathering and allows resources to be drawn from each other.

Keller Court Commons - Plan Source: MAD Architects http://madarc.com/gallery/keller-court-commons/

Keller Court Commons

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International Project & Research Workshop

Puerto Rico Re_Start 2 Š

2018 Spring Studio Toa Baja

Analysis and Proposals

Prof. Martha Kohen University of Florida

Students: Natasha Beach | Natasha Lotch | Meagahn Nguyen

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Barrios

Toa Baja, PR

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Development of the Town Toa Baja, PR

Source: U.S. Department of Interior: U.S.Geological Survey

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Toa Baja Pueblo

Dorado, Toa Baja and CataĂąo, PR

Economy

Median Household Income: $18,600 National: $55,322

52.2% of the working population is below the poverty level.

The residents of Toa Baja Pueblo can benefit from public and assisted living housing projects as well as affordable housing. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Consolidated Plan done in 1995, this has been a persistent problem for the Municipality.

Citizen Employment Characteristics

63% of the working population works outside of the Municipality

The mean travel time to get to work is 36 minutes

A large percent of the Municipality works in educational services, healthcare and social assistance.

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates Source: Toa Baja Consolidated Plan Executive Summary Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates

SWOT Analysis Toa Baja

Strengths: Historically Rich Toa Baja has many historically rich attractions and it is surrounded by the site of many manufacturing operations. “ A few local residents earn their livelihood through the production of sugar cane, various fruits and from dairy cattle.”

The industrial sector of Toa Baja manufactures items such as electronic machinery, plastics, textiles, concrete and electrical equipment. They even manufacture rum.”

Central Constancia “Historically rich buildings, such as the Central Constancia sugar mill, are very popular. This building was constructed in the year 1879 and continued its seed operations and cane grinding for centuries. It is also home to a steam locomotive that is in a surprisingly excellent condition.”

Hacienda Azucarera Santa Elena

Source: puertorico.com, Photo: Boricua Online Source: Library of Congress

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SWOT Analysis Toa Baja

Weakness: “The Underwater City” The Atlantic Ocean located to the North and the Rio de la Plata to the West provides the land with fertile soil, but limited sustainable settlement options.

“The lack of adequate land for development as result of flood prone area” was 1 of 2 significant barriers to affordable housing cited by in the Consolidated Municipality Plan.

A dam that redirects river water away from the town exists.

It was purposefully opened without warning residents in order to salvage the structural integrity of the dam. Citizens saw their homes flood up to 6 ft within 30 minutes.

In July 2010, $23,000,000 was provided to break ground on levees on either side of the river. The project has been underway as of June 2018.

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Source: Photo - NY Times Photo Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

SWOT Analysis Toa Baja

Threat: Flooding Prediction

Changing Global Climate With the looming threat of global warming, we must also think about rising water levels and the growing chance of more frequent and catastrophic natural disasters.

Source: FEMA (2006)

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SWOT Analysis Toa Baja

Opportunities: An Urban Center to Bring Together Toa Baja “Toa Baja has many historically rich attractions and it is surrounded by the site of many manufacturing operations.”

A new urban node that celebrates the identity of Toa Baja, while offering refuge from natural disaster.

Toa Baja Pueblo may remain and act as a historic town, rather than a centrality for Puerto Rico’s 8th most populated municipality.

If the residents were to retreat, the few who cultivate the land would be the hardest to relocate, while those who work in the industrial sector might be more willing to move.

Where?

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates

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SWOT Analysis Toa Baja

Opportunities: An Urban Center to Bring Together Toa Baja Toa Baja Pueblo Population: 2,041 (2010) 1,344 (2017) Housing Units - 640 High density housing is within the norm in Toa Baja.

How many people might relocate?

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates

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Predicted Displacement the Barrios Toa Baja

Toa Baja Pueblo, Toa Baja Number of houses: 640 Population: 1,344

Ingenio, Toa Baja Number of Houses: 1,901 Population: 4,278

Campanilla, Toa Baja Number of Houses: 2,569 Population: 5,953

= 5,110 homes and 11,575 people are in harm’s way

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates

Housing Demographic Toa Baja

Toa Baja Pueblo, Toa Baja

Ingenio, Toa Baja

Campanilla, Toa Baja

What kind of people might relocate?

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates

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Candelaria Toa Baja

Toa Baja Pueblo, Campanilla, and Ingenio in Toa Baja there are cit-

ies that, in extreme conditions, will be underwater due to flooding. When those cities flood, there is not really any option but to go south.

Why Candelaria? The city is the closest city out of the flood zone for easy and fast evacuation. It also has the necessary infrastructure in place in order to accommodate a larger population.

With numbers of 15,545 people you would be doubling the population, given all refugees come to the city.

Candelaria, however, is large and has many opportunities for growth. There are options to develop housing and accommodate such high numbers

Why Relocation of Toa Baja and why in Candelaria?

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Candelaria Profile Toa Baja

Population:

16,760 - 2010 Census

15,545 - Estimated by 2022 Median Household Income: $27,758 Median Home Value: $137,700 Affordable Housing: Candelaria currently does not provide adequate affordable housing. Relocating the residents in flood prone areas to Candelaria presents an opportunity to incorporate affordable housing in the community.

Source of table: Fact Finder, Census 2017 - homearea.com

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Candelaria Profile Toa Baja

Employment Characteristics Mean travel Time to work: 39 min 30.6% of people are below the poverty line

Housing in Candelaria

Households are typically 1, 2, and 4 people Majority live in detached and apartment style Total Housing Units: 7,851 4,807 homes do not have any children under the age of 18 living in the households 3,590 homes have children under the age of 18 living in the households

Candelaria Community

Candelaria Arenas

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Source of table: Fact Finder, Census 2017

Candelaria Growth Map Toa Baja, Historic Map

Source: historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/

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Candelaria Growth Map - 1941 Toa Baja, Historic Map

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Source: historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/

Candelaria Growth Map - 1950 Toa Baja, Historic Map

Source: historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/

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Candelaria Growth Map - 1963 Toa Baja, Historic Map

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Source: historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/

Candelaria Growth Map - Present Toa Baja, Historic Map

Source: historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/

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Candelaria and Candelaria Arenas Toa Baja

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Urban Structure Typologies Toa Baja

Source of information: Google Maps

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Housing Typologies Toa Baja

Majority of the housing are land parcels distributed among the city.

Shows a missing of apartment style living within Candelaria.

One of the gated communities, the large community at the bottom left, was a typical neighborhood feel with the design of the homes.

The helps us realize we have an opportunity to introduce social housing and apartment style living in the neighborhood.

This will allow for more affordable home pricing

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Source of information: Google Maps

School Locations in Candelaria Toa Baja

All of the schools are located along the eastern side of Candelaria.

Explains the way the neighborhood are arranged.

The two school that have closed, Antonia Saez Irizarry and Ernesto Juan Fonfrias, have moved their students to Martin Garcia Glusti.

Focus our site locations in proximity to the schools to allow for safer transportation for the students and build a community around the education.

Source of information: Education Week, Web page

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Development Opportunities Toa Baja

There are large under-developed lots that could be used to re-design Candelaria by adding a central cultural hub where the community can come together.

There smaller under-developed lots are accompanied by vacant buildings that can allow for more expansion and new developments.

The two abandoned schools are accompanied by small lots for land re-use.

Focused our search of lots and land around the areas where we want to bring community together for education or work.

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Proposal Strategies Toa Baja

- Preserve the historic downtown of Toa Baja - Create a centralized urban node within Candelaria that establishes cultural identity, relocate displaced flood prone communities - Three tier approach - Transform abandoned buildings - Infill lots that once housed buildings - New development

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Vacant Develop-able Land Proposal

Historic Downtown

Proposed Site

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Proposed Site Church Potential Jobs Park Source of information: Google Maps

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Vacant Develop-able Land Proposal

Poverty Rate: 69% Median Year Housing was built: 1979 - 1982 Homes abandoned: 8.3% Square Feet: 44,000 (200 ft. x 220 ft.)

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Source of information: Google Maps

Infill #1 - Abandon School #1 Proposal

Area of Lot: ~10,000 sq ft Building footprint: ~3,300 sq ft Building Dimensions : 75’x45’ Ability to relocate 5-6 homes Possibility of new construction on the NW corner of the lot

Source of information: Google Maps

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Infill #2 - Abandoned School #2 Proposal

Area of lot: Approx 17,000 sq ft Building footprint: ~ 7,100 sq ft Building Dimensions : 108’x45’

45’x75’ Ability to relocate 10-12 homes 2 level building Can be turned into apartment style living with use of outdoor space

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Source of information: Google Maps

Infill #3 - New Sustainable Development Lot #1 Proposal

Area of lot: ~610,000 sq ft Possibility of relocating ~500 homes when building single family style homes Ability to open to adjacent parking lot There is a retention pond on the northern tip of the lot that follows the tree line on the west side Telephone pole going through the south end trees

Source of information: Google Maps

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Infill #4 - New Sustainable Development Lot #2 Proposal

Area of lot: ~ 4,000,000 sq ft Currently being used as a bike trail on the southern end We could either respect or relocate to Ingenio Possibility of developing a central cultural hub to all the community to gather. This would design a city center.

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Source of information: Google Maps

Monte Carasso Case Study

Luigi Snozzi transformed Monte Carasso into a place of identification (Monte Carasso was considered to be a fragmented settlement). Has no intention to break with the past, instead he understands the history as an impulse for the new issues the town of Monte Carasso faced loss of traditional identity.

Rural exodus Uncontrolled interventions in the fabric of the settlement. This proposal is based primarily on the principle of a clear delimitation of the new monumental center, a delineation physically highlighted with the creation of voids, road or street alignments, and with the construction of significant and precise buildings designed to stabilize this new redeveloped center.

One of the most important elements of the village renewal, it forms the actual village square

Source:carasc.ch/Monte-Carasso-1979-2014-1e40a700 Source: Google Images, Pinterest

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