St. Augustine: An Aquatic Perspective

St. Augustine: An Aquatic Perspective A Compilation of Professor Marta Kohens’ Design Eight Studio, Spring 2010 Semester

University of Florida School of Architecture College of Design, Construction, and Planning

St. Augustine: An Aquatic Perspective A Compilation of Professor Marta Kohens’ Design Eight Studio, Spring 2010 Semester University of Florida School of Architecture College of Design, Construction, and Planning

St. Augustine An Aquatic Perspective Prepared for: Prof. Martha Kohen University of Florida Prepared by: The College of Design, Construction, and Planning and the School of Architecture, University of Florida Project Team: Marta Gabriella Colón Senior Student, SoA University of Florida Maria Victoria Medina Senior Student, SoA University of Florida Critics: Prof. Martha Kohen Prof. Tom Smith Prof. Wiliam Tilson

Special Thanks: • Alfred Parker • Lesley Keys • Gus Berenblum • Max Strang • Hershel Sheppard • Martha Kohen,

INTRODUCTION TO SAINT AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA PRECEDENT STUDIES

BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA

SEAPORT ANALYSIS ST AUGUSTINE STUDENT WORK • Hank Sturges • Jason Aberman • Ashley Jodat • Justin Wortman • Sami Gerwick • Ladina Badraun • Sam Williams • M Gabriella Colon • Heidi Rodriguez • Chad Horton • Maria V Medina

PRECEDENT STUDIES:

BRUNSWICK Brunswick, GA: In order to attain an understanding of St. Augustine as a port city, we first as a studio have to explore and analyze other smaller port cities, so that we may learn what are the defining issues, oppurtunities, challenges, and influential historical factors a port city may have, and be able to address each of of these factors in turn.

With Brunswick, we were able to learn how to identify the characteristics of a port city, its merits and weaknesses, and find oppurtunities for financial growth and development.

The studio was broken down into groups of students who would define a new master plan for the city of Brunswick, and propose new means for revitalization.

With each visit to cities like Brunswick, Miami, and Saint Augustine, it was impressed upon each of the students the ideas of interconnectivity of land and water, and how the water’s edge has a humongous impact on the health and vitality of a city. In addition, each city visited had radically different approaches as to how the relationship between water and land occurred, as well as providing the studio with examples as to how and how not this relationship should be nurtured.

With Brunswick, for example, the industrial sector provides most of the revenue for the city, and as such, much of the coastline was given over to this important revenue generator. However, the rest of the city was lacking in a public connection to the water, which caused a severe separation between civic, entertainment, and commercial institutions, all of which were located inland, and the industrial sector located along the water’s edge.

Miami’s economy has a more diverse foundation, in which industrial, commercial, and tourism play more equal roles in determining how the relationship between land and water is made. A field trip to the Sea Trade Convention in Miami Beach also demonstrated how ports are just as equally responsible for industrial, commercial, and tourism needs. A noted waterfront such as Bayside is an example of the water’s edge can be identified as a series of layers peeling back from the coast to the inland, and how necessary it is to carefully bridge the connection from the coast to the city. Ocean Drive in Miami Beach was illustrative as to how a single promenade can offer two distinct attitudes, depending on the time of day.

Saint Augustine offered an array of waterline treatments, from commemorative and historical, to industrial, and even residential. Each of these facets of the water’s edge offered a variety of opportunities for the projects displayed in this studio compilation.

Sami Gerwick Chad Horton Heidi Rodriguez

The proposed development along the parallel coasts of Brunswick and neighboring Andrew’s Island will offer marine markets for current residence with boat access as well as the large population moving into Liberty Harbor, who will be able to use their boats exclusively for access to seafood markets, restaurants, waterside parks, museums and aquariums.

In addition to the consumer market brought on by the development of Liberty Harbor, the addition of a cruise ship port on the Southern tip of Andrew’s Island will bring about an increase in tourism, giving added support to existing and proposed markets, and increasing the number of jobs available for local residents. By maintaining the existing fishing industry and using our proposed public access to bring life back to the historic sites throughout the Brunswick area without disrupting the balance already established between industry, tourism, and commerce.

Ladina Badraun Marta Gabriella Colon Maria Victoria Medina Samuel Williams Brunswick, GA Our intention was to promote the exchange of bringing the activity of the historic/commercial area to the waterfront. This development will be responsible for revitalization of the waterfront, and bringing new revenue to the city of Brunswick. This proposal includes opening up the coastline for commerce and recreation, specifically in form of dining, shopping, green spaces and outdoor entertainment venues.

This area will serve as an attraction for the city, help raise home values, and will generate economic interest in other areas in Brunswick.

Brunswick’s traditional fishing industry, rather than be diminished, will be displaced slightly down the coastline. This will preserve the city’s historical industrial sector, while allowing new means of prosperity to come.

Ashley Jodat Justin Jason Aberman Hank Sturges

The Oglethorpe plan is a plan in which the areas of the city are broken into blocks that surround public areas. This plan stops however before the waterfront is encountered. We propose that the Oglethorpe ideas (the public squares surrounded by buildings) be continued to the waterfront, creating both a historical and logical connection between the city and the waterfront. A series of piazzas surrounded by business followed by an area for direct retail from the boats creates interest and attractors to pull people to the waterfront. The piazzas will be public and contain parks of various varieties and the retail will be segregated between restaurants and shopping. A fresh fish and produce market will also be employed to bring locals as well as tourists to the waterfront.

SHIPPING AND CRUISE PORT ANALYSIS

PORT CANAVERAL, FL

PORT OF MIAMI, FL

WORLD’S LARGEST CRUISE SHIP PORT

The Florida Department of transportation, Miami-Dade County, the City of Miami, and the private sector are combining their efforts to create a Port of Miami Tunnel Project that will link the Port directly to the interstate highway system. Currently scheduled for completion in 2012, this 1 billion dollar project promises to alleviate congestion in the downtown area by shifting traffic away from the bridge.

Miami International Airport and the Port of Miami are among the nation’s busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. Additionally, Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the country located mostly in Brickell, Miami’s financial district.

Miami was also the host city of the 2003 Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations, and is one of the leading candidates to become the trading bloc’s headquarters.

PORT OF EVERGLADES

ADDITIONAL FAQ’S ABOUT PORT EVERGLADES: *Deepest Port in Florida *Top Ranked Container Port in Florida *The container handling capacity of the port will be increased with a new 41-acre terminal, to be completed in 2010. The expansion will increase Port Everglades’ freight handling area by 15%. *It holds the world record for hosting the most cruise passengers in a single day with 49,234 passengers (January 3, 2009). *Ships sail year round, but the peak season is from November to April. *In December 2009, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines began using Port Everglades as the home port for the world’s largest passenger ship, the Oasis of the Seas; in late 2010, she is expected to be joined at Port Everglades by her upcoming sister ship Allure of the Seas. *On December 22, 1996, Port Everglades had a record 13 cruise ships in port on a single day. The port broke its own record on December 21, 2003 with 15 cruise ships. No other port in the world has hosted this many cruise ships on a single day. *Port Everglades is an eight-time winner of the Grand Prix Mondial du Voyage’s International Tourism Award. *With 48 different ships operated by 17 different cruise lines, Port Everglades offers more cruises by more cruise lines aboard more cruise ships than any other cruise port in the world. *Port Everglades is a man-made seaport, but its creation was based on a natural body of water called Lake Mabel. Lake Mabel was a wide and shallow section of the Florida East Coast Canal system. The Florida Board of Trade passed a resolution in 1911 calling for a deepwater port to ship farmers’ produce to the North and the West.

ST AUGUSTINE

TEAM MASTER PLANS AND INDIVIDUAL PROPOSAL

IDEAS OF SUSTAINABILITY AS THEY PERTAIN TO OUR STUDIO PROJECT: Discussing each of our projects in terms of sustainability, three different schemes of the said topic were brought up. In order of importance, they are: • The Three R’s: Recycle, Reduce, Reuse; • Our human efforts in maintaining social, economic, and environmental of sustainability, for neither of the three can exist without the other; • Information, Interest, Involvement, Investment.

The following is a summary of sustainable practices found in each of the student proposals.

These project elements may appear in more than one proposal, and are utilized in more than one way.

• CHAD HORTON: Water collection in tower, and gray water recycling in marsh area.

• LADINA BADRAUN: Retention ponds built on roof systems, natural ventilation, local materials usage, and insulated translucent material.

• HEIDI RODRIGUEZ: water collection from roof systems used to reduce usage of potable water, heat resistant glass, and solar panels.

• GABRIELLA COLON: alternate means of water heating, natural ventilation, façade orientation, maximum usage of daylight.

• Jason Aberman: design for long-term use, orientation, green roof, reduce building footprint.

• HANK STURGES: reduce footprint by placing garage underneath, and prefabricated construction to reduce impact upon site.

• JUSTIN WORTMAN: incentives for efficient transport, sun shading devices, and permeable ground.

• SAM WILLIAMS: increasing public’s interaction with water, and use of local materials.

• SAMI GERWICK: maximize number of trees on site; recycle building materials, local materials, bike friendly site with bike lock-up and circulation.

• MARIA MEDINA: linking programs by means of pedestrian walkway, reducing vehicle usage, bringing awareness of inundation, incorporating passive design strategies.

• ASHLEY JODAT: creating intermodal connections composed of systems that require less energy consumption to maintain efficiency.

GROUP 2: ASHLEY JODAT JASON ABERMAN JUSTIN WORTMAN HANK STURGES

St. Augustine, like many coastal cities is threatened by global climate change. Specifically for this coastal city, water level change has become a concern for the water’s edge, and the impact that a 3 foot rise in sea level could have on St. Augustine. In August of 1992, the TOPEX/POSIDEON satellite has been measuring global sea levels with extreme accuracy and is monitored by a number of universities and government agencies. The Jason-1 satellite replaced this in 2005, and has an accuracy rate variance of 3-4mm. This gives scientists accurate information to monitor global sea levels. Already rising levels have been measured, and with the increase in carbon emmisions and greenhouse gasses melting the polar ice caps, the sea levels are predicted to rise up to 3 feet in the next 100 years. This poses significant problems to low lying areas and coastal cities such as St. Augustine.

In fact, a 3 foot sea level rise (see map below) would flood almost all of the significant historic district, and a significant amount of the new city. Proposed (left) is a strategy to re-make the new portions of the new city, while saving it from the flooding issues. Also included is a sea wall strategy to save the existing historic portion of the city.

This sea wall would be included bordering the new section of St. Augustine to protect it from the rising water. Amelia island will not be included in the seawall project and will be left to anchor to by boat, and will be held as an excavation site, mostly for researchers, but including a small portion for tourist activities, providing a major economic draw for the city.

The new delimination of the city would include resources for ecofriendly transport including a more walk able mixed-use feel, bicycle lanes and areas for new modes of transportation, such as train and bus terminals.

Map Legend_ Historic DistrictResidential Mixed Use Commercial Green Space Flood Waters Proposed Waterfront

ASHLEY JODAT SAINT AUGUSTINE’S INTERMODAL STATION

WATERSIDE ENTERTAINMENT CENTER JASON ABERMAN

The Waterside Entertainment Center is located directly west of historical St. Augustine and programmatically contains a hub for watercraft charting to and from the historic site. The primary program for this complex is to serve as a restaurant district during the day and a night club district at night.

BIBLIOTECA MARITIMA Y EL MUSEO CARAVEL JUSTIN WORTMAN St. Augustine is built on a rich tradition of maritime activities - ever since its discovery by Ponce de Leon in 1513, when he arrived via Caravel on the coast of Florida.

These maritime activities have added dramatically to St. Augustines history - and this Maritime Museum and Library is meant to continue that tradition. The museum is meant to be a beacon on the coast of “New Augustine”, gracefully looking over to the historic district as if to make a symbolic connection between the historic city and the new. The museum features a small cafe, a small lecture hall, and three galleries: an interactive gallery to house touch-screen interactive pods to learn about St. Augustine’s maritime history, a painting gallery for the installation of 2-D maritime art, and finally a model gallery to house historic scale replicas of ships in St. Agustine’s history. A replica Caravel ship (like the one used to discover St. Agustine) will grace the outdoor promenade and be anchored as a permanant installation at the museum.

As well, a maritime library reference center will be incorporated to house books and information on maritime law and history, as well as an extensive historic map collection.

MODERN ART CENTER HANK STURGES

NEW AUGUSTINE_ZONING RELOCATION STRATEGY GROUP ONE: LADINA BAUDRAN GABRIELA COLON SAMI GERWICK HEIDI RODRIGUEZ SAM WILLIAMS

WATER VILLAGE OUTLOOK LADINA BAUDRAN

Boat Ramp with plenty of Parking Tour Boats/Trolley to Historic Saint Augustine Boat/Jet Ski Rental Restaurants Shopping Village Outdoor Ampitheater with view to the Lighthouse Expanded mulit purpose Park Picnic Pavillions Protect Water Treatment Plant and existing Park

MUSIC ISLAND

CENTER FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN MUSIC MEDIA & TECHNOLOGY

SAMI GERWICK

The site is a musical experience in and of itself. The amphitheatre to the northeast is cut into earth facing the waters edge. When in use, the sounds will be heard across the site and resonate in the architecture. The use of a carillon tower will help bring balance to the composition to the site in musical sensibility. It is structure that that not only announces musically time, but also is a multiple bell instrument to be played by members of the school. The program mitigates the site by providing opportunities within it for students to enjoy the practice of music outside under the shade of indigenous trees, or by occupying surrounding follies.

EXPO CENTRO DE NAVEGACION SAM WILLIAMS The city of St. Augustine is a museum that supports historical tradition, but lacks architectural reality in relation to a modern tourist experience. Moreover, St. Augustine is a cultural institution filled with collected artifacts placed on display for local and diverse groups of people.

A continuation of development to the city is therefore considered as a 120,000 square ft. exhibition center or trade show. This future project located on Arapaho Avenue and tangent to Dixie Highway allows shipping businesses to trade goods, - profitable merchandise and display products in relation to the cruise ship industry. Overall, the exhibition center is shaped to resemble two ships floating on water defined by pre-scored concrete, experiential mechanisms for bringing light within the program pertaining to the sun’s presence, and the use of outdoor transitional spaces.

NORTHERN EDGE WELLNESS RESORT M. GABRIELLA COLON Arriving at saint Augustine there was a clear connection between the water front and how much people gravitated towards it. This proposal suggests a hotel and a spa resort located at the northern edge of the historic area.

Northern Edge Wellness Resort compliments the commercial activity that surrounds the site. Immediately thus allows for visitors to see Saint Augustine from a different perspective. Proposing a spa with indoor and exterior baths, treatment therapy, a cafe, hotel and a future sea wall prommenade that enters the building.

Exterior Skin Diagrams

South Facing Facade

Overhead Skin

Structure

Hotel

Exterior/ Interior baths

Urban decisions were based upon future flooding impacts of 1-3 foot rise of water. Taking this idea into consideration, the design prepares for the new coastal line in 30 years, rising the main events above ground. The project gives roundness and closure to the historic area. The program is complimentary to saint Augustine by Enhancing both the touristic market and local commercial.

CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH INSTITUTE HEIDI RODRIGUEZ The site has perfect location for the program, as it is adjacent to Ponce de Leon, and arterial road that can take students to Flagler College campus. It is also by the water, which furthers the idea of having water trolleys as another method of transportation. The site was previously owned by LUHS, a boat-making company that went out of business. Therefore, no housing or commercial was interrupted or removed. The site was already conscious of flooding and has a sea wall that has been expanded in order to activate the water front.

CURRENT ZONING

PROCESS ITERATION

ROAD SYSTEM

Saint Augustines Inundation Intervention_ Analysis of Different Zoning Conditions GROUP THREE: CHAD HORTON MARIA V. MEDINA The master plan proposed by this group focuses mainly on the issues of innundation of Saint Augustine, and what can be done to protect the historic aspects of the city, as well as the most developed.

In addition to their own proposals are created in mind with the innundation issue at hand. The apporach taken by this group deals with what will be flooded, what must be protected, what should be left to flood, and certain defenses the city must utilized to preserve the jewel of the historic center.--

Flooding Risk Area Commercial Historic Buildings Historic Commercial Areas Wetlands Arterial Roads Secondary Roads Railroad Docks

Saint Augustines Inundation Intervention_ Water Level Systems Map Legend

Deep Water Systems Shallow Water Systems Wetlands

Saint Augustines Inundation Intervention_ Sea Wall Proposal Map Legend

Sea Wall Protected Area Displaced Residential/Commercial Activities

CHAD HORTON Wetland Preservation Pier Positioned at the waters edge of a marsh embankment, the 650,000 sq ft New Saint Augustine Pier for Wetland Preservation may appear detached from the city, but this pier is designed to preserve Saint Augustines rich boating culture and protect Floridas wetlands, greatly at risk to rising sea levels. With its location along the intercostal waterway where the calm inner water meets the access to the Pacific and its location nearest one of Saint Augustines most used boat docks, this proposal is located in a central location for St. Augustines water bound visitors. This makes an ideal location for the placement of a cruise ship docking terminal, and with its own private waterway carved through the marsh edge, only minimum dredging would be needed to allow for small to medium sized cruise ships to be able to dock here.

SAINT AUGUSTINE; A COASTAL LINK MARIA V. MEDINA

Between the most prominent historic sites of Saint Augustine, the Castillo San Marco, the Great Cross, and the Fountain of Youth, lies a disconnect within the urban fabric.

Therefore, a new approach is proposed where the connection made between the three sites not by the existing land, but by water. This coastal link will manifest itself in the form of a waterfront promenade whose built program will be secondary to the public space esplanade that exists within the infrastructure.

ZONING

DESEGREGATION OF PARTS

INITIAL INTERVENTION

INITIAL SITE PLAN

PROGRAM ASSIGNMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: