September 2020
Special Collector’s Edition
updated the “self-guided tour” brochure and hope you stop over with this guide and walk the grounds. We are proud of the farm and thankful that we have this precious community resource. Looking forward to seeing you at the farm. Paul Dickson Hill Farm Historical Society
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Normally, at this time of year we publish the Hill Farm News with a focus on our Farm Fest community celebration of Jim Hill’s North Oaks Farm. By now, we all know that will not be happening this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so we thought we would take the opportunity to take you on a guided tour of the farm. We have
CIRCLE PINES, MN
Welcome to James J. Hill's North Oaks Farm
NORTH OAKS NEWS 4779 Bloom Avenue White Bear Lake, MN 55110
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Hill Farm News
The farm was nationally known for its experiments in breeding and feeding cattle, hogs, horses and other farm animals, and played a significant role in the westward settlement of the United States. Restoration of the three remaining buildings, which were constructed in 1883-1884, began with the incorporation of the Hill Farm Historical Society in 1989. From then through 2012, the necessary funds were raised and buildings restored to their original status. The focus then changed to developing exhibits to explain the roll the farm played in Hill’s Great Northern Railroad. This self-guided tour will step back in time to tell you about the farm. Start your tour at the four panel display north of the entrance. Orient yourself, noting north (towards the red granary) on the site map. Read about James J. Hill and his North Oaks Farm on the west facing panels; then look at the site map and read about the farm buildings on the east facing panels.
On the National Register of Historic Places
With this background information, you are ready to start the tour per the map below:
North Oaks Farm had over 35 buildings in this area. There’s more to see than meets the eye On the farm, as well as at his Summit Avenue home, Hill was on the cutting edge of technology. In 1880s and 1890s newspaper articles that describe the farm, reference is made to an engine house that sent steam generated power underground to the farm buildings. The horse barn machinery was operated by a long steel shaft extending underground about 110 yards from the blacksmith/ machine shop where the power equipment was located. A sand-filled pit in the floor of the machine shop and another outside of the building appear to be access points for the shaft. Other innovations will be pointed out as you tour the property.
LEFT: Location in 1922 of North Oaks farm buildings in relation to roads and lots in 1994
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Hill Farm News
September 2020
Publication of the Hill Farm Historical Society
On one extreme was the jersey, a cow very rich in butterfat but very poor on the meat side. On the other side was the Aberdeen angus, a premier beef animal to this day but not a great milk producer. In the middle was the Shorthorn, which was used as both a milk cow and beef cow in those days.
Visualize standing on Red Barn Road where it joins West Pleasant Lake Road. Looking northward in the late 1880s, you would see a barn lot area some 200 feet wide.
At the 1885 Chicago Fat Stock Show, North Oaks cattle won seven first prizes including a prestigious award for “best steer.” In 1897, Hill purchased Ayrshire cattle, a breed popular in Vermont and eastern Canada. On the east side of the road, the long building is the cow barn. In the background are (from left) the horse barn and a large silo in the cow barn. The dairy cow barn was the location of the North Oaks Riding Club from 1950 to 1980.
On the west side are (from front to back) the office carriage/ riding horse stable, hog barn and work horse barn (see below).
By 1913, Hill had distributed, at no cost to farmers, the offspring of no less than 7,000 head of the best stock he could buy, including 800 thoroughbred bulls, and more than 6,000 hogs of prize stock. Some of the imported cattle received royal treatment. Sweet Pea, a gentle cow, was shipped from the East coast in a special heated railroad car, escorted by an attendant. Sometime earlier, Grand Duchess 43rd, an imported shorthorn cow worth $5,000, burned to a crisp in a stock car in-route from the east coast. Hill was determined that nothing should happen to Sweet Pea!
Never underestimate James J. Hill Walk eastward to the brick dairy building with the two cupolas on top,
(point A on the site plan).
Over 80 teams of horses and wagons were needed for work on the farm. The house presently on this site would fit into this horse barn with room to spare. Hill kept fine harness and saddle horses, primarily Morgans, and commuted from St. Paul to the farm by carriage using Rice Street, which at that time was only a dirt road. That 11-mile trip would have taken two to three hours if the road was in decent condition at the time. During the 1880s, Hill spent more than a quarter million dollars (equivalent to over $6 million today) to purchase the finest blood line of Angus and Shorthorn cattle from England and Scotland. To support settlement in North Dakota and the development of his railroad, from 1884 to 1886, Hill gave 160 bulls to farmers along the rail line to improve the quality of their cattle. This was an average of five pedigreed herd sires in each of the 30 counties which the railroad served. Hill believed in small well-run farms for the American families along the railroad. Running a small farm well vs. a larger acreage poorly yielded better crops with less work. He strongly recommended crop rotation to prevent soil depletion. One of his major pursuits was to identify the best breed of cattle to meet the needs of the farm family. Cattle that were good milk producers, providing milk sufficient for a family’s milk and butter needs (lard and butter were the primary cooking fats of those days) but equally important was that the animal offer sufficient quality meat when butchered for sale or the family use.
The dairy building, also referred to as the creamery, was built in 1883. Butter production, which was the sole use of the dairy, started in 1884 with 417 pounds made in July. The butter was used at the farm's boarding house, Hill 's farm home and the house in St. Paul and was sold for 35 cents per pound to Hill's St. Paul friends and neighbors in local grocery stores. By the turn of the century, the workers were milking 140 head of cows twice a day.
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Hill Farm News
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The DeLaval separator and two Boss churns were operated by an overhead shaft and belt drive system (still present) driven by a steam engine in a building behind the Dairy. Jersey, Aberdeen Angus, Shorthorn and later Ayrshire cows in the dairy cattle barn supplied the milk for butter making. Ice cut from Pleasant Lake, stored in an Ice House on the north side of the dairy (point B on the site plan), was loaded into the space between the two cool rooms of the dairy via a door on the north side. Ice-cooled air entered the cool rooms through 12 by 15-inch grilled openings at the floor and ceiling level of the walls adjacent to the ice room. Warm air rose through ceiling vents into the attic and exited through the cupolas. With the restoration of the two cupolas in 1993, Hill's convection operated air conditioning system is intact today!
The latest innovative equipment of the time was installed in the dairy. At the Minnesota Dairymen's Convention in March 1885, Elizabeth Leggatt, the young woman who operated the dairy, explained to the unknowing dairy farmers how the new DeLaval separator, the first in Minnesota, operated. Using centrifugal force, the cream was separated from the milk. Cream went into one bucket and skim milk into a second bucket! The amazed farmers were full of questions about this innovative machine. A DeLaval of the same vintage as the original machine is in the dairy building.
The design of the building is an example of the innovations associated with Hill in his many ventures. To insure cool interior temperatures, a dual wall construction with airspace between them resulted in 20-inch thick walls; an inner and outer door are in each opening to the work and cool rooms (the door on the south side of the utility room is a later addition); all windows, except the large vertical window in the utility room, have inner and outer sashes and when built had three sets of screens and shutters. Hill personally wrote the letter ordering the marble for the floors. The original cedar shingle roof was still on the building in 1992 when it was replaced.
When a red barn is not a barn
Look westward to the large red, wood sided building referred to as the Red Barn (point C on the site plan). Barns are typically used for livestock as well as hay and grain storage. In the North Oaks Farm case, everything is large scale, so the “barn” you see here was actually a granary, used to store and process grains such as wheat,
Hill espoused the advantages of feeding root crops (turnips and rutabagas) to cattle. With only flat land in this area, a root cellar to store the root crops grown on the farm was created by stacking and mortaring field stone and pushing earth against the boulders to create a berm around the building. The cellar was vented vertically by the chimney effect of four wooden ducts extending upward to the two roof ridge cupolas. These louvered cupolas are a sign that this is a granary and barn. Interestingly, the cellar of the granary has the outlines of windows and doors in the stone walls. Could it have been a pre-existing structure? Approximately seven feet of the entire south side of the loft in the granary was enclosed to contain nesting niches, roosting ledges and
corn and oats. Grain grown on the 1,000 acres of cultivated fields was brought by horse and wagon for storage in large 14-foot-high bins on each side of the drive-through alley in the first floor of the granary. Wagons may have been hoisted up for dumping using a built-in block and tackle located above the alley way.
food storage bins for pigeons whose access was through the six openings above the south doors. Farm ledgers do not show the purchase of pigeons; thus, it is assumed these were native birds. A large opening (cross hatch on the floor plan) in the loft floor over the drive through alley may have provided access to lift bagged feed or other products for storage in the loft. Access to the root cellar is on the east side of the granary (point D on the site plan). By backing a wagon through this doorway, it could be loaded from hatches and chutes (black on floor plan) from the grain bins above. Walk northward from the dairy to point E on the site plan northeast of the Granary and turn facing south.
You are viewing a 1905 photo of the buildings on the east side of the barn lot. From near to far are the original white, wood boarding house for bachelor farm workers, a 50-foot-tall water tank and the front of the ice house, dairy and cow barn. In the later years a new water tank (top photo) of similar design was constructed just east of the granary. The large pipe protruding from the ground marks the location of this structure.
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Hill Farm News
September 2020
Publication of the Hill Farm Historical Society
Horseshoes, wagon wheels and hinges
The Smoke House
Continuing to the west is a one story, red brick building, the Machine Shop and Blacksmith Shop (point G on the site plan). A blacksmith shop was in the north half of the building and a machine shop in the south half. Hill's Manitoba Railroad shops provided a locomotive smoke stack for the forge and the coal to heat it. Horse shoes, wagon wheels, and possibly the hinges and hardware for the many buildings were made in the blacksmith and machine shop.
Rings to tie horses are on the inside and outside of the east wall of the blacksmith shop. Vertical bars on the inside of the windows prevented horses from breaking the windows. An overhead axle and belt drive system to run the machines is still present. This is the location of the machine that powered the underground shaft. Of the three buildings on the historic site, this is the only one that had been altered. A large garage door was installed in the north wall and the middle wall removed to permit truck storage. Both walls have been replaced as they were originally constructed. From the ice-cooled dairy with the newest milk separation equipment, to the innovative root cellar and underground power distribution, Hill was constantly on the cutting edge of technology.
Smoking Meat and Fish - The other small stone structure on the property is located north west of the gas house (point F2 on the Site Plan). This building was use to smoke meat and fish for its preservation and use on the farm.
Last but not least End your tour by walking 30 feet east of the entrance to the display panel (point H on the site plan). On each side of this display are the names of over 400 North Oaks residents who have and continue to make financial contributions for the restoration and maintenance of the farm buildings and site.
Small Historic Structures Fuel Storage - The small brick building (point F on the site plan) in this same area is a gas house originally used to store oil for lamps. In later years, it was used for gasoline storage and had a gas pump, with a gasoline-filled glass cylinder on top with gallon markers to show how much gas was pumped through the hose.
The Gas House
As noted earlier, the exterior and interior restoration of all three buildings was complete by 2012. The subsequent years were spent researching artifacts left on the farm and developing exhibits to tell the story of the North Oaks Farm, including its unique relationship to the construction of the Great Northern Railroad from St. Paul to the Pacific northwest Coast. The exhibits describe how the blacksmith made and repaired wagon wheels, ice was harvested from Pleasant Lake, butter was made in the dairy building, and historic farm machines were used on the farm. These fabulous buildings with a story to tell are right here in a lovely setting in the North Oaks community for all to enjoy.
November 2020
Special Collector’s Edition - Part Two
This second 2020 edition of the Hill Farm News will focus on the organization that assumed responsibility for the property and has guided its restoration, maintenance, and the development of exhibits at the farm.
The Hill Farm Historical Society was formed in 1989. Its mission was, and continues to be, the preservation of the Hill Farm Historic Site and telling the story of the role James J. Hill’s North Oaks Farm played in the development of
agriculture from Minnesota and the northern plains states to the Pacific Northwest along the route of his Great Northern Railroad.
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In September you received your copy of the 2020 Hill Farm News. It was an edition focused on introducing you to the North Oaks Farm and encouraging you to tour the farm and enjoy this great community asset.
CIRCLE PINES, MN
From Working Farm to Community Gem – Thank You!
NORTH OAKS NEWS 4779 Bloom Avenue White Bear Lake, MN 55110
Publication of the Hill Farm Historical Society
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Hill Farm News Paul Dickson Hill Farm Historical Society
We think of James J. Hill as a railroad baron, but he was much more than that. While Mr. Hill was passionate about his Great Northern Railway and transportation in general, he was also extremely knowledgeable about all things farming. By reading the numerous articles he published, and records of his participation in numerous agricultural events to discuss best practices in animal husbandry and farming in general, it is obvious he was not just a gentleman farmer. Hill loved his North Oaks Farm, which he initially looked at in May of 1883, and later that summer he closed the deal on the 3000-acre property. To quote from Albro Martin’s book, James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest, “From 1883 until his death, Hill’s real home would be North Oaks Farm.” As additional land became available, he bought it, until the property included over 5,000 acres by the time of his death in 1916. Hill invested heavily in bringing the best livestock to his farm, primarily breeds from northern England and Scotland, such as Shorthorn, Aberdeen Angus and Ayrshire. One roan shorthorn bull, Berkeley Duke of Oxford, cost Hill $5,250, the equivalent of $130,000 in 2019 dollars. The offspring of these fine animals, as well as purebred sheep and hogs, were donated to farmers along his Great Northern Railroad, to be shared by farmers in a given county to help improve their herds and expand the presence of those quality breeds in this northern tier of states. Hill was also highly involved in the operations of his farm. He personally signed the orders for the purchase of the De Laval cream separator as well as the Vermont marble tiles for the floor of the creamery. He was a hands-on guy. We have wagon wheel parts in the Blacksmith shop which have the initials JJH on the shipping material. What you see at the farm site today, a beautifully restored, 5.6-acre park-like setting with buildings dating from the 1880s, is a testament to the initiative and generosity of the North Oaks residents who initially pledged the funds for restoration of the farm site. That was the first step in enabling the formation of HFHS, and the preservation of the property, which by 1989 was in a very dilapidated state as evidenced by these photographs.
Imported Short-horn Bull, Berkeley Duke of Oxford 2d. Property of James J. Hill, St. Paul, Minn.
Blacksmith Shop Exterior circa 1984.
Blacksmith Shop Interior 1994.
Dairy Exterior circa 1980s.
Dairy Interior 1995.
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Hill Farm News
November 2020
Publication of the Hill Farm Historical Society
By the late 1980s the community was at a crossroads regarding the old farm site. The development of the Hill Farm Circle area begged the question as to what to do with the remaining three buildings on the site. All of the other farm structures in the area had been torn down to make way for the new homes being built in this area of North Oaks. The North Oaks Company had previously agreed to preserve the site and offered it to NOHOA, but an on-site inspection of the buildings indicated that
Granary Exterior circa 1984.
at least $150,000 would be needed to clean up the property and begin restoring the buildings, and NOHOA was hesitant to take on such a large obligation. It cannot be emphasized enough how important this generous offer from the North Oaks Company was. Here was a 5.6-acre site with a perfect topography and 300’ of lake shore on Pleasant Lake that they were willing to set aside for the greater good of the community - but only if someone would step up and accept the responsibility for its renovation.
The Fundraising Begins – 1989.
Enter the Hill Farm Historical Society, formed in 1989. Through vigorous fundraising efforts they were able to raise the $150,000 necessary to save the property and clean up the grounds and start the restoration of the three remaining buildings. The community celebrated the event with a sold-out festive dinner at the North Oaks Golf Club and in October 1989 held the first “Heritage Days”, the precursor of our current “Farm Fest” community celebration.
Heritage Days Celebration – 1989.The renovation moved along in stages. First the dairy building was restored and the building was registered on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Dairy Building in 1994. Viewed from the west northwest after exterior restoration neared completion.
Next, the Blacksmith/Machine shop and Granary buildings were finished and the entire site was registered on the National Registry of Historic Places.
Blacksmith Shop – 2006. During this time, from the early 1990s through 2012, nearly $350,000 was spent in the restoration of the three buildings with thousands of hours contributed by the many volunteers who assisted in the cleanup of the buildings and grounds. The ensuing years have focused on maintaining and enhancing the site and developing exhibits to tell the history of the farm and its people. We now have extensive exhibits in all three buildings.
Granary – 2007.
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The dairy building played an important role in experimenting with early butter production techniques, and our exhibits walk visitors through the whole process, from dairy cattle breeds used on the farm through cream and butter production.
Also on display is an exhibit about ice harvesting on Pleasant Lake, for which was an important activity and provided the ice essential for cooling and preserving the dairy products in this state-of-the-art facility (for the 1800s!).
The granary has exhibits of the machines used on the farm to process and store the crops raised on the farm. These machines were left in the granary in various states of disrepair when the farm went idle in the 1940s. These machines date to the late 1800s and all have been cleaned and restored, and are on display with panels explaining the purpose of each, as well as a bit about where they were manufactured and the companies that made them.
The machine shop contains many interesting displays including maps of the farm dating to the turn of the century. A model of the area of the farm surrounding the existing three buildings, pictures of the Hill residences which existed on the farm and numerous other exhibits are on display.
The working blacksmith shop is “fired up” during Farm Fest, with a blacksmith explaining the role and importance of the blacksmith in keeping all of the farm’s machinery in top working order.
We recently added a wheelwright exhibit which details the steps necessary to build and maintain the many carriage and wagon wheels that kept the farm wagons and carriages rolling.
A lot has been accomplished on the farm since the formation of the Hill Farm Historical Society in 1989. Through our volunteer board of directors (there are no paid positions in the HFHS) and the many volunteers who help us with major events such as Farm Fest, the Hill Farm Historical Society plays an important role in enhancing the wonderful community in which we live.
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Hill Farm News
November 2020
Publication of the Hill Farm Historical Society
Meet the HFHS Board of Directors
Special recognition is due to those community members who established the Hill Farm Historical Society, recruited members, raised the funds and steered it through those initial years of renovation. I found minutes from a June 1991 HFHS Board meeting which lists: Walter Meyers, Bill Ecklund, Suzanne White, Joan Brainard, Mary Ann Yakel, Edwin Taylor, Peter Hilger and Willard Patty as board members; Bill and Joan have remained on our board, these 31 years.
June 1991 is also the month HFHS had reached 400 members and raised $185,000 in cash or pledges, which allowed NOHOA to approve the transfer of the farm site to the newly established Hill Farm Historical Society.
By 1994 Michael Larson, Mike Vinyon, Ann Bagnoli, Don Engel, Mark Adam, Paul Germsheid, William Korstad and Carl Kuhrmeyer had joined the HFHS Board and many others have served since.
We greatly appreciate our Annual and Lifetime members and contributors. Our current membership roll stands at 237 households; 76 of which are Lifetime members, 161 Annual Members, not all of which are currently North Oaks residents. The NOHOA web site shows that there are “approximately 1800 households” in our community, so something less than 13% of the households in North Oaks currently support our mission of maintaining and enhancing this historic site and telling the story of Hill’s North Oaks Farm's role in history. Through the hard work of the HFHS Board and our community volunteers, those few residents provide a valuable service to the community. By expanding our membership, we could do even more. We have not had our annual membership campaign this year. It is normally part of the HFHS Spring Dinner mailing, which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The current membership roster lists members from the 2019-2020 membership year, some of which have already renewed and we thank you. Please consider joining HFHS or renewing your membership for the 20202021 membership year if you have not already done so. Please visit our website at: www.hillfarmhistoricalsociety.com The Hill Farm Historical Society (HFHS) is a non-profit, community organization. Its members, through their annual membership dues, and additional contributions from members and non-member alike, are the sole source of funds for the organization. No funding is provided by either tax dollars or the NOHOA.
Hill Farm Historical Society Annual and Lifetime Members, 2019-2020 (Lifetime Members are denoted with an asterisk) Marc & Valerie Adam* Kenneth & Janet Adams James & Sharon Allen* Donald & Jean Alsop Caroline Amplatz* Kim & Gloria Anderson* Marc & Susan Asch Tom & Kerry Atkinson* Mark & Patricia Azman Thomas & Ann Bagnoli* Roger & Carolen Bailey Faith Basten Charles & Jean Bauer John & Margaret Beahrs* Leo Beauregard Thomas & Judith Beniak Pete & Wendy Benson* Ray & Carol Bergeson Eric & Carrie Biese Tom Tjernlund & Robyn Boche Gregory & Sarah Booth Benson & Joan Brainard* John Brainard Rawley & Ginny Brodeen Mark & Lydia Brown Conrad & Faye Buhr Bruce Carlson* Justin & Ana Cantell Norris & Lesley Carnes Mary Delaney & Wayne Carter Richard & Carol Caruthers* Romelle Castle Cherokee State Bank* John & Lynne Clayton Charlie & Elizabeth Cliffe* Peter & Nancy Cole* Roger & Judith Colton* Peter & Jenean Cordon Donald & Sandra Craighead Michael & Pamela Crandall* Dianne Nilsen & Gordy Curphy
Earl & Kathleen Currie* Annuradh Tummala & Peter Dahlberg* Paul & Lori Delahunt Paul & Connie Dickson* Charlton Dietz* Kathleen Diffley* John & Emily Douglas Joan Duddington* Dennis & Debra Duffy Rich & Lisa Dujmovic James & Jayne Early William & Kareen Ecklund Byron Egeland & Soile Anderson Mark & Mari Ekblad Donald & Nancy Engle* Jean Engle James & Elizabeth Ericksen Ronald & Marcia Everson Eric Felhaber* Mrs. Richard Felhaber* John Fennig & Martha Wright Gerald & Rebecca Fisher Joe & Denise Fleming* Tom & Carmen Foley* Steven & Judith Forshay Richard Cisek & Kay Fredericks* William & Bonita Frels* Sam Fudenberg Russell & Kylee Funk Lee & Kathryn Gatrell* Paul & Catherine Gatto Robert & Rosemary Geist Mark & Diane Gorder John & Mary Buerkle Grant Jacqueline Grove* Mary Swanson & Darrel Gubrud Benjamin & Kimberly Gulli* Philip & Carolyn Gustafson* Ashley & Ann Haase*
Richard & Sara Haber* Al & Nancy Hans Oliver & Jennifer Hanson Guilford & Kathryn Hartley Travis & Angela Hedlund Scott & Joan Henderson George & Susan Henly Timothy & Colleen Herold Allan & Lois Hietala* Peter & Rebecca Hilger Louis Fors Hill* Rick & Melanie Hjelm David & Debra Hjortland Bruce & Dorothy Hoem Jonathan & Kathleen Hoistad* Mark & Ann Holm Ann Colombo & Mark Houge* Jeffrey & Janette Howe* Carol Beatty & Jim Huhn Gerald & Julia Hupperts John & Barbara Huston Harry & Marian Johnson* Jerome & Inge Johnson Matthew & Alecia Johnson William & Susan Jolitz Mark & Evelyn Jorgensen* William & Janet Jungbauer Steven & Lauren Kavan Shaun & Michelle Kennedy Craig & Barbara Kirkpatrick* Chuck & Michelle Klein Theresa Quinn & Ken Klein Sanjay & Sonia Kohli Brad Koons Richard & Christine Kowalski Gary & Karen Krebsbach* Andrina Hougham &Walter Krebsbach* Carl & Janet Kuhrmeyer* Delano & Emily Kulenkamp
Donald & Sue Kvam David & Carol Lakatua* Marijane Tessman & Michael Larson* James & Linda Lee John & Jeana Lee Damien Lepoutre William & Sherri Long Jason & Kirsten Long Marty & Denise Long* Gary & Mary Lunstad* Michael Mackner Albert & Nancy Maiers John & Louise Marta* Chuck & Jayne May Roy & Dorothy Mayeske* David & Pamela McCarthy* Eileen McCormack Sean & Gina McDermott* Pat & Sandra McKasy Nancy McNee Bruce & Tami McNeil Margaret Meyers* Michels Construction Janet Karvonen & Alan Montgomery Richard & Janet Moses* Natalis Counseling Steve & Georgie Nauman Gretchen Needham Gregg & Colleen Nelson Raleigh & Barbara Nelson Kyler & Gail Nelson Dave & Sara Niccum Donald & Gerda Nightingale North Oaks Company North Oaks Garden Club North Oaks Village Center Gary & Mary Nussbaum* Norman & Margaret Nystrom Gerald & Sheila O'Brien Stephen & Beverly Ogren* Douglas Tiffany & Judy
Ohannesian* David & Julie Oliver Walter & Carrie Olson Bruce & Patricia Orud Charles & Victoria Osborne Gary & Karin Ostrand Tris Klohn & Tucker Patty Thomas & Janet Payne Ben & Layna Peltier Floyd & Helen Peltier Brian & Katy Petersen Donald & Judy Peterson Mark & Mary Peterson Scott & Laura Philippsen Perry & Rachel Pickerign Thomas & Bette Plumb Jacob & Melissa Popp Steve & Kathy Porter Press Publication Tim Quinn Brian & Joyce Yoshimura Rank George & Joy Rathmann* John & Susan Reed Bill & Joan Reichwald Patricia Reioux* Ron & Debbie Resch Martha Rice Kara Ries Jim DeMay & Channing Riggs Joseph Braun & Ann Rinehart* Jerry & Joanne Robertson* Brenda Rosenhamer Keith & Catherine Ross Gabriel & Katie Routh Bean Robinson & Walter Sawicki Kevin & Leela Scattum* Sarah Asch & Evan Schnell Robert & Patricia Schubert Cass & Bonnie Selden* Dennis & Barbara
Senneseth* John Shelendich John Shinar Erik & Jenna Siverson Robert Smith Leo & Christine Stern Jim & Carolyn Stitt Mike & Amy Murphy Sullivan Loren & Sally Swanson* Norman & Marie Sweeny Gregory & Jeanette Swenson Edwin & Diana Taylor* Martha Thomas Robert & Kathleen Tipler* John & Marie Tobin* Peter & Katherine Tomsich Tradition Capital Bank Robert & Cindy Turkington William & Karen Veeneman Sarah Vessy Michael & Laurie Vinyon* Joe & Katie Wahlberg Jon & Dawn Walburg Curtis & Sharon Wall James & Susan Wandell Jean Wardin* Thomas & Judy Ware Thomas & Jane Watson* Jason & Anne Otte Welsh Bob Sheets & Mary West* White Bear Superstore David & Suzanne White* Philip & Christina White* Robert & Dorothy Williams Roger & Farron Winges* Valerie Wise Tim & Krista Wolter Joann Youngstrom Sandra Smith & Jeff Zinn