Western Virginia Water Authority Report on Your Drinking Water

Water Quality Testing Roanoke Systems

WAT E R 2017 water quality report

Drinking water information for customers in the City of Roanoke and the Counties of Roanoke, Franklin and Botetourt

General Information

A U T H O R I T Y

Franklin Co. Systems Botetourt Co. Systems

WESTERN VIRGINIA

Water Quality

The Western Virginia Water Authority supplies customers in the City of Roanoke and the Counties of Roanoke, Franklin and Botetourt with an annual water quality report. This provides you with information about the source of your water, what it contains and how it compares to the standards set by regulatory agencies based on data collected during calendar year 2016.

The Water Division of the Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to deliver safe drinking water. Once again, the Water Authority was in full compliance with all state and federal monitoring and reporting requirements.

601. S. Jefferson Street, Suite 200 Roanoke, VA 24011 Phone: 540.853.5700

On July 1, 2004 the Western Virginia Water Authority was formed from the former utility departments of the City of Roanoke and Roanoke County. In November 2009 Franklin County joined the Water Authority. Botetourt County joined in 2015 offering a larger regional approach to meeting the communities’ water and wastewater needs.

The Authority has earned the highest industry awards for both water and wastewater, implemented energy saving measures across all departments, focused on cleaning the sanitary sewer lines and rehabilitated aging water distribution pipes.

www.westernvawater.org info@westernvawater.org

2

Testing

4 Commonly Asked Questions 6 Definitions

7

Roanoke Area Systems

More information about drinking water is available through these sources Virginia Department of Health: (Roanoke & Botetourt area system) 540.463.7136 Virginia Department of Health: (Franklin County water systems) 434.836.8416 Center for Disease Control and Prevention: 1.800.311.3435 404.639.3311 or 404.639.3312 (TTY)

FAX: 540.283.8202

Table of Contents

Water Quality Testing

2017 Water Quality Repor t

Platinum & Sustainability Awards for Utility Excellence

Roanoke Environmental Health Department: 540.857.7663

Platinum Award for Excellence in Management

EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline 800.426.4791

8 - 21

Carvins Cove

10 Crystal Spring

12 Falling Creek/Beaverdam Creek 14 Spring Hollow 16 Salem Source 18 Well Systems

20

Franklin County Systems

22 - 33

Botetourt County Systems

34 - 39

Boxwood Green 24

Contentment Island 25

Lakewood Forest 26 Lands End

27

SML Area Water System 28

Royal Estates

30

Walnut Run

31

Water’s Edge

32

Weatherwood 33

Greenfield/ Tinkerview Gardens 36 Well Systems

38

General Information

Learn about Us

Schedule a Visit

Protect Your Water

Dam Safety

Conservation Tips

Contact Us

40 41 42 44 46 47

Please see page 47 for contact information for the Western Virginia Water Authority 3

Quality water begins at the source. It is important that the Western Virginia Water Authority knows and understands the water chemistry from each source, closely monitors the treatment process and understands the pipe material that the water can flow through. This is especially important regarding lead and copper.

In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) prescribes regulations which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. Food and Drug Administration regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water which must provide the same protection for public health.

Copper is a nutritionally essential element, but at high levels, copper can cause gastrointestinal difficulties such as nausea and diarrhea. Elevated levels of lead, if present, can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily associated with materials and components in service lines and home plumbing.

All drinking water, including bottled drinking water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk.

The Authority maintains over 1500 miles of pipes up to and including the lines going to the customer’s water meter. Pipe materials in our system can be cast iron, ductile iron or pvc.

We do not know of any lead pipes in our distribution system.

However, customers, particularly those in older homes, may have lead plumbing in their homes or pipes that were joined with lead solder.

How are the standards set?

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) at very stringent levels. In developing the standards, EPA assumes that the average adult drinks 2 liters of water each day throughout a 70-year life span. EPA generally sets MCLs at levels that will result in no adverse health effects for some contaminants or a one-in-ten-thousand to one-in-onemillion chance of having the described health effect for other contaminants.

We treat the water with corrosion control or adjust the pH of the water so that pipes in our distribution system and the customers’ pipes in their homes are protected.

The Western Virginia Water Authority is responsible for providing high quality drinking water but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting in your pipes for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes or until it becomes cold or reaches a steady temperature before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested.

The tables of data on pages 8-38 summarize water-testing results from 2016 or the most recent reporting year for both regulated and non-regulated substances. Many other primary and secondary contaminants have been analyzed but were either below the instrument’s detection limits or below the MCLs. The Western Virginia Water Authority constantly monitors its water supplies for various contaminants to meet all regulatory requirements. All regulated substances must be tested annually, except for lead and copper and SOCs, which must be tested every three years, and radiologicals, which must be tested every six to nine years. The TTHMs/HAA5s were derived from running annual averages.

4

Water Quality Testing

Lead & Copper Testing

Testing Your Water

Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ lead.

Spring Hollow Reservoir

Cryptosporidium & Giardia Cryptosporidium and Giardia are microscopic organisms that can cause fever, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms when ingested. The organisms come from animal and human wastes and are eliminated through water filtration and disinfection. Even though the presence of these organisms is not regulated by the state or federal government, the Water Authority has tested for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Giardia, 0.2 cyst per 1 liter, was detected in the raw (untreated) water at Falling Creek in March 2016. Cryptosporidium was detected in the raw (untreated) water at Carvins Cove (0.1 cyst per 1 liter in January 2016 and 0.1 cyst per 1 liter in February 2016).

Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons, such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).

5

Source of Substance

Barium

Discharge form drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits

Chlorate

By-product of treating drinking water with chlorine dioxide

Chlorine

Required disinfectant added during treatment process to eliminate bacteria

Chlorite

6

By-product of treating drinking water with chlorine dioxide

Chromium

Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural deposits

Fluoride

Erosion of natural deposits; water additive which promotes strong teeth; discharge from aluminum and fertilizer factories

Commonly Asked Questions

Terms used in this water quality report

What is my Water Hardness?

As water naturally flows over rocks and through the soil, it picks up minerals. The more calcium and magnesium present, the harder your water. While water hardness is not a safety issue, you may notice increased mineral build-up or soap residue with harder water. Hardness can be expressed as PPM - parts per million or GPG - grains per gallon.

PPM

GPG

Rating

0 - 75

0 - 4.3

Soft

HAA5s

By-product of drinking water chlorination

TTHMs

By-product of drinking water chlorination

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

Run-off from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits

76 - 150

4.4 - 8.7

Moderately Hard

Total Coliforms

Naturally present in the environment

151 - 300

8.8 - 17.5

Hard

Fecal Coliforms

Human and animal waste

Gross Alpha

Erosion of natural deposits

over 300

17.6 +

Very Hard

Gross Beta

Decay of natural and man-made deposits

Radium 226/228

Erosion of natural deposits

Lead

Natural\industrial deposits, plumbing solder, brass alloy in faucets

Copper

Natural\industrial deposits, plumbing, wood preservatives

Alkalinity

Measurement of naturally occurring carbonates

Conductivity

Physical property of water

Corrosivity

Physical property of water that occurs when water reacts with metal

Hardness

Measurement of naturally occurring hardness metals

Iron

Naturally occurring in the environment

Manganese

Naturally occurring in the environment

Orthophosphate (as P)

Corrosion inhibitor added during treatment process

Sodium

Naturally occurring in the environment

Zinc

Naturally occurring in the environment

Xylene

Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge from chemical factory

What Causes Discolored Water?

Changes in water pressure in water systems, such as when water mains break or fire hydrants are used or flushed, can occasionally cause drinking water to be discolored.

The discoloration is caused by sediments in pipes mixing with clear water. The sediments occur naturally from the oxidation of iron in pipes.

Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant that triggers treatment or other requirement that a water system must follow.

Combined Radium: Radium 226 + Radium 228 E. coli: Bacteria from human and animal fecal waste HAA5s: Haloacetic acids.

LRAA: Locational Running Annual Average Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLG as feasible using the best available treatment technology.

Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.

Maximum Residual Disinfection Level (MRDL): The highest level of a disinfection allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. mg/L: Milligrams per liter, also referred to as parts per million (for example, one minute in two years).

Water Quality Testing

Substance

ND: Analyte was not detected or was below the method detection limit of the laboratory’s instrumentation.

NTUs: Nephelometric Turbidity Units; a measure of turbidity.

P/A: Present or Absent pCi/L: Picocuries per liter is a measure of the radioactivity in water. ppm: One part per million, also referred to as mg/L, (for example, one minute in two years). ppb: One part per billion, also referred to as μg/L (for example, one minute in 2,000 years).

TTHMs: Total Trihalomethanes Treatment Technique (TT): A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water. μg/L: Micrograms per liter, also referred to as parts per billion (for example, one minute in 2,000 years). μmhos/cm: Micromhos per centimeter; a measure of conductivity.

While discolored water is ordinarily safe to drink, it is best to flush any discolored water from pipes by turning on all cold-water faucets in your home or business. Avoid turning on hot-water faucets so the discolored water is not drawn into water heaters.

If you notice evidence of a water main break or leaking fire hydrant, please call 853.5700.

7

Falling Creek

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Smith Mountain Lake

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Roanoke County

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Roanoke River

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Falling Creek

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Roanoke Systems

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Spring Hollow

Combined, the water treatment facilities for these sources can treat over 56-million gallons of water a day; however, current production averages about 19-million gallons per day.

L LIA WI

K REE SC ER ET

I81

Salem Source

Municipal Boundaries

LE

LE E

Delaney Court

BL

RDA LE

EY VALL

Crystal Spring

E CLOV

Martin Creek

Country Hills

SON

The Western Virginia Water Authority utilizes four surface water sources and multiple springs and wells as drinking water sources in the Roanoke Valley to serve customers in the City of Roanoke and the Counties of Roanoke, Franklin and Botetourt. Having an abundant supply of water helps protect against drought or other emergencies.

WBA C ATA

Drinking Water Systems in the Roanoke Valley

Carvins Cove

E

Carvins Cove

WVWA Water Sources

Franklin County Boones Mill

Carvins Cove Reservoir

0

0.5

1 Miles

B ENT

8

MOU NTA IN

VI R

G

IL

H

G

O

O

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I RO N E RI D G

Carvins Cove Reservoir & Treatment Facility

How is it treated? Carvins Cove Water Treatment Facility has the capacity to treat 28-million gallons of water from the reservoir every day. The water is first oxygenated and treated with chlorine dioxide to oxidize dissolved organic matter, iron and manganese. Water is aerated to remove unwanted dissolved gases and to oxidize dissolved metals, which reduces any unpleasant tastes and odors. Flash mixing of chemicals is the next step, where ferric sulfate is added to coagulate suspended particles. Water then flows into settling basins where the particles clump together, become heavy and settle to the bottom of the basins.

Next, the water is filtered through gravel, sand and carbon and disinfected with chlorine. Fluoride is added to promote strong teeth. Sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH and reduce corrosivity, and orthophosphate is added to control corrosion in pipes.

Where does it serve? A large part of the northeastern and northwestern parts of the city, and the majority of the southeastern part of the city, to Reserve Avenue, are served by Carvins Cove. Portions of northern and northeastern Roanoke County are also served by the Carvins Cove water source.

Water from Carvins Cove also serves the Botetourt area around Exit 150 to Tinkerview and Greenfield.

Many other primary and secondary contaminants have been analyzed but were either below the instrument’s detection limits or below the MCLs. Water treated at the Carvins Cove Treatment Facility meets all state and federal monitoring and reporting requirements.

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Carvins Cove Data (range) average

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.0479

Regulated Substances Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

(0.06 - 0.76) 0.5

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

ND

Total Organic Carbon

ppm

TT

N/A

no

(1.46 - 2.54) 1.86

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

(0.09 - 0.3) 0.14

Zinc

ppm

5

n/a

0.00242

Radioactive Contaminants

Carvins Cove Natural Reserve

Come for a visit!

Carvins Cove Natural Reserve, the second largest municipal park in the United States, offers outdoor recreation opportunities, including boating, fishing, hiking and nature viewing.

You can bring your own boat or rent kayaks, paddle boats and jon boats at the reservoir. See the Water Authority’s website for more details (www.westernvawater. org/carvinscove).

Visitors to the Natural Reserve are charged $3 per person for daily use or annual passes are available for $25. Payment drop boxes are located at the Bennett Springs, Hollins Trailhead and Timberview parking lots, or passes can be purchased from the Security Office on Reservoir Road. For more information, call the Natural Reserve at 362.1757.

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

-0.78

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

1.5

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

0.82

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

1 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 2.7 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.46 ppm

Lead and Copper Testing

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorate

ppm

0.8

no

(0.032 - 0.083) 0.054

Chlorine

ppm

4

no

(1.0 - 1.4) 1.2

Chlorite

ppm

0.8

no

(ND - 0.034) 0.011

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

(2-80) site range (14-53) LRAA range

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

(20-129) site range (30-60) LRAA range

Total Coliforms

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

3

E.coli

P/A

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

no

0.1 (Jan 2016)/0.1 (Feb 2016)

(30 -39) 34

Microbiological Substances

Source Water Testing - this data does not apply to treated water Cryptosporidium

Cysts per 1L

0

99.9% removal or inactivation

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

101

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

(39 - 49) 44

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

(ND - 0.045) 0.02

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

(0.002 - 0.03) 0.01

n/a

(0.19 - 0.31) 0.29

no

(7.3 - 7.8) 7.5

n/a

6.02

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated

Roanoke Systems

Carvins Cove Reservoir is situated within Carvins Cove Natural Reserve, a 12,672-acre watershed near Hollins University in Botetourt County. The land in the reserve above the 1,200foot contour is owned and managed by the City of Roanoke.

The land below this elevation, and the reservoir, are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority. In addition to receiving water from the watershed, the reservoir is fed from two underground tunnels that carry overflow from Tinker and Catawba Creeks. This surface water source covers 630 acres and stores 6.42-billion gallons of water at full pond.

Units

Carvins Cove

Units

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Crystal Spring Data (range) average

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.037

Crystal Spring Regulated Substances Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

(0.6 - 0.7) 0.7

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

0.66

Total Organic Carbon

ppm

TT

N/A

no

N/A

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

(0.01 - 0.08) 0.02

Zinc

ppm

5

n/a

ND

Crystal Spring Treatment Facility

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

1

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

7.7

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

0.7

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

1 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 2.7 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.46 ppm

Roanoke Systems

Radioactive Contaminants

Lead and Copper Testing

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products

Crystal Spring flows at the base of Mill Mountain in the southern part of the city. This groundwater source provides an average flow of 4.25-million gallons of water a day.

How is it treated ? The water is filtered in the Crystal Spring Ultrafiltration Treatment Facility which filters out all particles larger than 0.01 micron. One micron is one thousandth of a millimeter. Filtered water is treated with chlorine and fluoride and pumped to water customers from the Crystal Spring Pumping Station.

Where does it serve? Crystal Spring serves portions of southwest Roanoke County and the southwestern part of the city. With the capacity to filter five-million gallons of water a day, Crystal Spring Treatment Facility is the largest ultrafiltration plant in western Virginia.

Many other primary and secondary contaminants have been analyzed but were either below the instrument’s detection limits or below the MCLs. Water treated at the Crystal Spring Treatment Facility meets all state and federal monitoring and reporting requirements.

12 12

Chlorate

ppm

0.8

no

N/A

Chlorine

ppm

4

no

(1.1 - 1.1) 1.1

Chlorite

ppm

0.8

no

N/A

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

(2-80) site range (14-53) LRAA range

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

(20-129) site range (30-60) LRAA range

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

0

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

126

Microbiological Substances

Crystal Spring Pump Station come for a visit You are invited to tour the historic Crystal Spring Pump Station and the Snow Steam Pump. Located across the parking lot from the Treatment Facility, the History Museum of Western Virginia opens the pump station for free guided tours each Saturday (12 noon - 4 pm) and Sunday (1 pm - 4 pm) between May and September.

Total Coliforms E. coli

P/A

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

254

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

(136 - 137) 137

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

ND

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

ND

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated

n/a

0.6

no

(7.5 - 7.7) 7.6

n/a

3.54

13

Units

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Falling Creek Data (range) average

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.0153

Falling Creek Regulated Substances Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

(0.6 - 0.7) 0.63

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

0.02

Total Organic Carbon

ppm

TT

N/A

no

(0.84 - 1.38) 1.11

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

(0.06 - 0.18) 0.12

Zinc

ppm

5

n/a

0.0656

Radioactive Contaminants

Falling Creek Reservoir is a surface water source located in Bedford County east of Vinton. It covers 21 acres and stores 85-million gallons of water at full pond. It is fed by Beaverdam Creek Reservoir, which covers 69 acres and stores 435-million gallons of water at full pond.

How is it treated? The treatment process of this water source is similar to that of Spring Hollow Treatment Facility.

The treatment capacity is 1.5-million gallons a day. Sodium hydroxide is added for corrosion control and zinc orthophosphate is used as a corrosion inhibitor.

pCi/L

0

15

no

<0.5

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

1.8

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

<0.6

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

1 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 2.7 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.46 ppm

Lead and Copper Testing

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorate

ppm

0.8

no

N/A

Chlorine

ppm

4

no

(1.3 - 1.6) 1.5

Chlorite

ppm

0.8

no

N/A

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

(2-80) site range (14-53) LRAA range

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

(20-129) site range (30-60) LRAA range

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

0

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

99.9% removal or inactivation

no

0.2 (Mar 2016)

(10 - 18) 18

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms E. coli

Where does it serve? Falling Creek Water Treatment Facility serves King Street northeast to Route 460, along Route 24 to 13th Street and east on Route 24 to Stewartsville.

Many other primary and secondary contaminants have been analyzed but were either below the instrument’s detection limits or below the MCLs. Water treated at the Falling Creek Treatment Facility meets all state and federal monitoring and reporting requirements.

14

P/A

Source Water Testing - this data does not apply to treated water Giardia

Cysts per 1L

0

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

63.6

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

(10 - 18) 18

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

(ND - 0.025) 0.012

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

(0.002 - 0.02) 0.007

n/a

(ND - 0.24) 0.22

no

(7.2 - 7.5) 7.4

n/a

10.3

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated

Roanoke Systems

Falling Creek & Beaverdam Creek Reservoirs

Gross Alpha

Units

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Spring Hollow Data (range) average

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.0324

Spring Hollow Regulated Substances Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

(0.68 - 0.74) 0.7

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

0.31

Total Organic Carbon

ppm

TT

N/A

no

(0.97 - 1.44) 1.15

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

(0.06 - 0.13) 0.1

Zinc

ppm

5

n/a

ND

Spring Hollow Reservoir & Treatment Facility The water source for this system comes from the Roanoke River and is pumped into the Spring Hollow Reservoir, a 3.2-billion gallon side-stream storage reservoir.

How is it treated? Water is withdrawn from the reservoir, oxygenated and treated with chlorine dioxide to oxidize dissolved organic matter, iron and manganese. Treatment at the Spring Hollow Treatment Facility includes clarification, filtration, chlorine disinfection and fluoridation. The Spring Hollow Water Treatment Facility currently has the capacity to treat 18-million gallons of water a day and can be expanded to 36-million gallons a day. Treated water is stored in a two-million gallon storage tank then pumped through the north and south transmission lines to the distribution system. The current usage averages 4.4-million gallons a day. During an emergency, standby wells may be used to supplement the source water.

Where does it serve? Spring Hollow supplies water to various neighborhoods in Roanoke County and Franklin County through the southern transmission lines. The northern transmission lines run along I-81 and serve the City of Roanoke and Roanoke County.

16

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

<0.9

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

2.4

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

<0.6

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

1 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 2.7 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.46 ppm

Roanoke Systems

Radioactive Contaminants

Lead and Copper Testing

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products

Many other primary and secondary contaminants have been analyzed but were either below the instrument’s detection limits or below the MCLs. Water treated at the Spring Hollow Treatment Facility meets all state and federal monitoring and reporting requirements.

Chlorate

ppm

0.8

no

(ND - 0.41) 0.058

Chlorine

ppm

4

no

(1.1 - 1.2) 1.2

Chlorite

ppm

0.8

no

(0.0 - 0.07) 0.013

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

(2-80) site range (14-53) LRAA range

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

(20-129) site range (30-60) LRAA range

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

4

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

(125 - 138) 130

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms E. coli

P/A

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

284

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

(144 - 162) 156

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

ND

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

0.00035

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated

n/a

ND

no

(7.5 - 7.7) 7.6

n/a

5.16

17

City of Salem Source The Western Virginia Water Authority contracts with the City of Salem to purchase water to supply Robin Hood Park and other areas around West Main Street and Riverside Drive in Roanoke County.

The City of Salem’s water source is the Roanoke River and three ground water wells.

The City of Salem Water Department routinely monitors for contaminants in your drinking water mandated by Federal and State laws. The following table shows the results of monitoring for the period of January 1st to December 31st, 2016.

18

The Virginia Department of Health has completed a source water assessment for Salem’s waterworks system.

This assessment provides information on possible sources of contamination to our source water. As determined by the source water assessment, the possibility of contamination to our water source (Roanoke River) is high. This is due to the fact that surface water is exposed to an inconsistent array of contaminants at varying concentrations due to changing hydrologic, hydraulic and atmospheric conditions with land use activities of concern in the assessment area. To view a copy of this water assessment, please contact the City of Salem Water Department office at 540-375-3029.

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Salem Data (range) average

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.037

Regulated Substances Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

(0.18 - 0.79)

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

0.49

Total Organic Carbon

ppm

TT

N/A

no

(0.63 - 1.59)

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

(0.021 - 0.106)

Zinc

ppm

5

n/a

ND

Radioactive Contaminants Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

<0.9

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

1.5

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

<0.6

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

0 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile=<0.005 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile=0.0727 ppm

Lead and Copper Testing

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorate

ppm

0.8

no

N/A

Chlorine

ppm

4

no

(0.82 - 1.83)

Chlorite

ppm

0.8

no

N/A

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

(13.3 - 49.3)

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

(16.3 - 60.4)

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

0

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

99.9% removal or inactivation

no

0.1 - 0.7

n/a

(98 - 182)

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms E. coli

P/A

Source Water Testing - this data does not apply to treated water Giardia

Cysts per 1L

0

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

Iron

ppm

Manganese

ppm

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

n/a

(145 - 239)

0.3

n/a

ND

0.05

n/a

ND

n/a

ND

no

(7.22 - 8.09)

n/a

5.57

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated

19

Roanoke Systems

If you have any questions about this data, please contact the City of Salem Water Department at 375-3029. If you want to learn more about this source, please attend any of the regularly scheduled Salem City Council meetings. They are held on the second and fourth Monday of each month in council chambers.

Units

Salem Sources

Units

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Country Hills

Delaney Court

Martin Creek

Wells*

Barium

ppm

2

2

0.00272

0.0014

(0.0015 0.0277) 0.0111

(0.0025 - 0.138) 0.0487

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

0.29

0.59

(0.2 - 1.6) 0.5

(0.08 - 0.84) 0.37

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

0.04

1.96

(ND - 1.8) 0.5

(ND - 0.85) 0.44

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

0.085

0.072

(0.1 - 13.9) 2.7

(0.07 - 0.36) 0.17

Zinc

ppm

5

0.0165

0.0078

(ND - 0.9) 0.2

(ND - 0.176) 0.028

Wells Regulated Substances

Radioactive Contaminants pCi/L

0

15

0.3

0.6

(ND - 0.7) 0.1

(ND - 2.1) 0.61

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

2.1

1.9

(ND - 3.3) 1.6

(ND - 4.5) 1.69

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

0.8

<0.6

(ND - 0.8) 0.1

(ND - 1.10) 0.3

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

n/a

90th percentile = 2.0

90th percentile = 3.6

1 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 2.7 ppb

AL = 1.3

n/a

90th percentile = 0.23

90th percentile = 0.18

0 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.46 ppm

4

(0.75 - 1.5) 1.1

(0.69 - 0.91) 0.8

(1.1 - 1.2) 1.1

(0.8 - 0.9) 0.88

Lead and Copper Testing

Community Well Systems

Lead

Martin Creek System

Country Hills System

Seven wells supply this groundwater source, which is disinfected with chlorine prior to distribution. Water is distributed throughout the community by two storage tanks and distribution piping consisting of 8-inch, 6-inch and 4-inch pipe. The total source/ pump capacity is equal to 76,000 gallons per day. Current usage is approximately 20,720 gallons per day. This system supplies water to the Forest Edge and Carriage Hills areas. Methylene Chloride was detected (ND- 0.33 ppb) in the Martin Creek Well 10 (Carriage Hills) with a MCL of 5ppb.

Groundwater obtained from one well is the source for this system. Chlorine is used to disinfect the water prior to distribution. Water is distributed throughout the community by a storage tank and distribution piping consisting of 6-inch, 4-inch and 2-inch pipe. The total source/pump capacity is equal to 43,200 gallons per day. Usage in 2016 was approximately 700 gallons per day.

Delaney Court System One well supplies this groundwater source, and it is disinfected with chlorine prior to distribution. Water is distributed throughout the community by a storage tank, a booster pump station and distribution piping consisting of 8-inch and 12-inch pipe. The total source/pump capacity is equal to 43,200 gallons per day. Current usage is approximately 6,200 gallons per day.

This system supplies water to the Delaney Court subdivision.

The Water Authority is currently extending a water line along Rutrough Road. Once completed, customers in Delaney Court will receive water from the Carvins Cove source.

20

Wells The Authority maintains over 27 wells in the distribution area.

While many of these wells are inactive, they offer an additional supply of water if needed. Wells in service 2017* - LaBellevue 7, Longridge 2, Muse Spring, North Lakes 6, Starkey 1A, Starkey 2 and Starkey 3.

Data presented as (range) average.

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

ppm

HAA5

ppb

0

60

n/a

ND

1.29

(2-80) site range (14-53) LRAA range

TTHM

ppb

0

80

n/a

1.78

14.9

(20-129) site range (30-60) LRAA range

Total Coliforms

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

0

1

0

E. coli

P/A

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

0

0

0

Microbiological Substances

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

84

102

(112 - 204) 175

(114 - 180) 141

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

186

230

(318 - 706) 491

(286 -406) 331

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

90

96

(130 - 344) 237

Iron

ppm

0.3

ND

0.0134

(ND - 1.3) 0.3

(ND - 0.109) 0.0274

Manganese

ppm

0.05

0.00011

0.0008

(0.0002 - 0.1) 0.06

(ND - 0.0473) 0.0133

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

ND

ND

(ND - 0.1) 0.03

ND

pH

pH units

7.11

7.13

(6.4 - 7.5) 7.0

Sodium

ppm

7.04

8.23

(12 - 27.9) 18.3

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated

(120 - 186) 153

(7.4 - 8) 7.7 (3.2 - 12.6) 8.0

21

Roanoke Systems

Gross Alpha

Smith Mountain Lake Area Water Systems

Walnut Run

Boxwood Green Contentment Island

TR

Walnut Run

UM

ED

HI LL

RD

LR

D

Water's Edge

AN

W AR

DS

M VI

LL E

RD

NE

TA

RD

SM IL

ON E

RM

BO

RD

HA

SML Water Treatment Facility

E

Smith Mountain Lake

US

BEDFORD COUNTY

HO

SML Area Water Systen

O

TE HI

The Water Authority also operates 17 water systems in Franklin County that were formerly owned by Petrus Environmental, Inc. For information on those systems, please see www.westernvawater.org/ waterquality.

Weatherwood

Royal Estates

W

Lakewood Forest

RD

Information on the next eleven pages is about the water systems in Franklin County. For information on the water supply serving U.S. Route 220, please see pages 16-17 of this publication.

E TO N

Franklin County

Water Mains ROANOKE COUNTY Water Sources

O

1 Miles

SC HO

0.5

NY

0

O L

EA

R

LY

H

W

Weatherwood

Y

TZ

RD

RD LL

TO

N

RD

R

T

BR

W

AS

OO KS

HI

MI

NG

E

OK E

N

DG

Boxwood Green

BO

O IR

RI

HW

Y

W IR

While originally constructed to treat three million gallons of water per day from Smith Mountain Lake, the treatment capacity can be expanded to six million gallons per day within the existing building’s footprint to meet future demands.

Royal Estates Contentment Island

W EBS

OL D D R YA N D TA R

T ER R D

Water's Edge

IL H VIR G E D GO O HWY

N OR MAIN T H ST

TOWN OF ROCKY MOUNT

22

FRANKLIN COUNTY

BURNT CHIMNE Y RD

working together to provide the region’s drinking water

Lakewood Forest

SC R

Water Treatment Facility

High Point Waterworks Facility

Franklin Co. Systems

Smith Mountain Lake

The Bedford Regional Water Authority and the Western Virginia Water Authority have worked together in equal partnership to construct the new Smith Mountain Lake Water Treatment Facility. This facility, which is jointly owned and operated by the two water authorities, will replace the High Point Waterworks Facility and provide drinking water for the Western Virginia Water Authority’s customers in Franklin County and the Bedford Regional Water Authority’s customers in Bedford and Forest.

SML Area Water System UG G RD S

AL

BONBROOK MILL RD

B

RD

JU

FR A

NK

L IN

TP K

E

PITTSYLVANIA COUNTY

Units

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Boxwood Green Data (range) average

Regulated Substances

Boxwood Green Water System

Greensand filters are used to remove iron, manganese and radium from the drinking water.

Soda ash is used for pH adjustment and chlorine is used for disinfection of the water.

The Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to report that this water meets all requirements, and there were no drinking water violations in calendar year 2016.

24 24

ppm

2

2

no

0.03

ppm

4

4

no

0.16

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

ND

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

0.28

Radioactive Contaminants Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

1.0

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

4.5

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

1.0

Lead and Copper Testing Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

0 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 5.3 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.3 ppm

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

ppm

HAA5s

ppb

TTHMs

ppb

4

no

0

60

no

ND

0

80

no

1.2

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms

E. coli

P/A

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

no

0

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

66

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

158

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

44

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

0.04

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

0.003

n/a

0.03

no

7.3

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

Zinc

ppm

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated 5

n/a

13.6

n/a

0.203

Groundwater wells (Wells 1, 2, 3 and 4) supply drinking water for Contentment Island customers. Treatment of the water is provided by adding chlorine for continuous disinfection of the water and soda ash for pH adjustment of the water.

According to results of the chemical analyses for metals based on a sample collected in 2014, the sodium in the treated water is 31.7 mg/L. This is above the EPA recommended optimal level of less than 20 mg/L for sodium in drinking water, which is established for those individuals on a “strict” sodium intake diet. This elevated level of sodium could be caused by the addition of soda ash for pH adjustment.

The Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to report that this water meets all requirements, and there were no drinking water violations in calendar year 2016.

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Contentment Island Data (range) average

Regulated Substances Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.03

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

0.10

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

0.27

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

2.5

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

5.7

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

0.99

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

0 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 3.9 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.88 ppm

4

no

0.44

Radioactive Contaminants

Lead and Copper Testing

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

ppm

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

ND

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

1.35

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

0

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms

E. coli

P/A

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

100

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

230

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

46

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

0.049

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

0.038

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

Zinc

ppm

6.5 - 8.5 unregulated 5

no

6.83

n/a

31.7

n/a

0.015

25

Franklin Co. Systems

Groundwater wells (Wells No. 3, 4 and 5) provide water for the Boxwood Green community.

Barium Fluoride

Contentment Island Water System

Units

Lakewood Forest Water System

Total Xylene was detected in 2014 with a range of (0.41ppm 1.42ppm). Total Xylene has a primary maximum contaminate level of 10ppm. A sample collected on February 6, 2017 showed a nondetect level of Total Xylene.

The Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to report that this water meets all requirements, and there were no drinking water violations in calendar year 2016.

Data presented as (range) average.

26

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Lakewood Forest Data (range) average

Regulated Substances Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.004 - 0.016

Chromium

ppm

0.1

0.1

no

0.0004 - 0.0005

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

0.11 - 0.16

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

ND

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

0.08 - 0.46

Xylene

ppm

10

10

no

(0.41 - 1.42)

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

(5.8 - 6.9)

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

(6.4 - 6.5)

Radium 226/228

pCi/L

0

5

no

(0.24 - 0.56)/(0.06 -0.74)

no

0 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 9.4 ppb

no

0 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.44 ppm

Radioactive Contaminants

Lead and Copper Testing Lead

ppb

Copper

0 ppb

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 15 AL = 1.3

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

ppm

HAA5s

ppb

TTHMs

ppb

4

no

0

60

no

ND

0

80

no

ND

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms

E. coli

P/A

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

0

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

(74 - 102)

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

(205 - 244)

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

(74 - 100)

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

(ND - 0.22)

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

(0.007 - 0.08)

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

Zinc

ppm

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated 5

n/a

ND

no

(6.36 - 6.7)

n/a

(12.7 - 15)

n/a

(ND - 0.01)

Lands End Water System Groundwater wells (Wells No. 1 and 2) provide water for the Lands End community. A combination of potassium permanganate and greensand filters are used to remove iron and manganese from the drinking water. Soda ash is used for pH adjustment and chlorine is used for disinfection of the water.

The Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to report that this water meets all requirements, and there were no drinking water violations in calendar year 2016.

According to results of the chemical analyses for metals based on a sample collected in 2016, the sodium in the treated water is 35.7 mg/L. This is above the EPA recommended optimal level of less than 20 mg/L for sodium in drinking water, which is established for those individuals on a “strict” sodium intake diet. This elevated level of sodium could be caused by the addition of soda ash for pH adjustment.

Units

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Lands End Data (range) average

Regulated Substances Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.0252

Chromium

ppm

0.1

0.1

no

ND

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

0.07

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

1.8

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

ND

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

4

no

Radioactive Contaminants

Lead and Copper Testing

Franklin Co. Systems

Groundwater wells (Wells 1, 2 and 3) provide water for the Lakewood Forest community. Ceramic media filters are used to remove iron and manganese for wells 1 and 3.

Units

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

ppm

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms

E. coli

P/A

0

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

109

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

264

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

42.1

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

ND

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

ND

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

Zinc

ppm

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated 5

n/a

ND

no

7.07

n/a

35.7

n/a

0.349

27

SML Source

Units

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Data Collected at the High Point Water Treatment Plant

Data Collected in the Westlake Area Water System

Regulated Substances Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.03

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

0.1

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

0.42

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

0.069

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

0.28

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

Radium 226/228

pCi/L

0

5

no

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

0 of 11 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 1.3 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 11 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.27 ppm

4

no

Radioactive Contaminants

Smith Mountain Lake Water Treatment

0.58

Lead and Copper Testing

The Western Virginia Water Authority (WVWA) has a successful working relationship with the Bedford Regional Water Authority (BRWA) to provide treated drinking water from the High Point Water Treatment Plant to the Westlake area via the Westlake Area Water System. A new 3 MGD jointly owned and operated treatment facility opened this spring (see page 22).

How is it treated? The High Point membrane filtration facility treats water from Smith Mountain Lake. The WVWA’s share of the current plant’s capacity is 400,000 gallons per day (gpd).

The finished water in the distribution system is re-chlorinated at The Boardwalk and at The Waterfront Section 2-9 subdivisions for continuous chlorination.

Where does it serve? Water from this treatment plant serves customers in Bedford County and Franklin County. As the water flows through pipes under Hales Ford Bridge, it enters the WVWA’s service area. Customers who live in the Westlake Commercial District, Chestnut Creek, Waterfront, Boardwalk and Windmere Point communities, along Scruggs Road and along Route 122 to just past Wirtz Road are served by the Westlake Area Public Water System.

28 28

The Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to report that this water meets all requirements, and there were no drinking water violations in calendar year 2016.

Data presented as (range) average.

Chlorine

ppm

(0.1 - 2.0) 0.8

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

(29 - 39) LRAA (15 - 67) site range

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

(65 - 79) LRAA (51 - 76) site range

Total Coliforms

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

0

E. coli

P/A

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

Microbiological Substances

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

(60 - 152) 91

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

218

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

Iron

ppm

Manganese

ppm

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

Zinc

ppm

n/a

(70 - 189) 100

0.3

n/a

(0 -0.09) 0.01

0.05

n/a

(0 - 0.026) 0.008

n/a

ND

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated 5

no

(6.7 -8.8) 7.7

n/a

8.95

n/a

ND

29

Franklin Co. Systems

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products

Units

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Royal Estates Data (range) average

Regulated Substances

The Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to report that this water meets all requirements, and there were no drinking water violations in calendar year 2016.

Data presented as (range) average.

30

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Walnut Run Data (range) average

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.0138

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.0667

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

0.04

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

0.07

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

0.43

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

0.08

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

0.144

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

(-0.42 - 1.8)

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

ND

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

(-1.2 - 2.4)

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

3.6

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

(-0.39 - <1.57)

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

0.7

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

0 of 8 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 2.8 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 8 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.18 ppm

4

no

Radioactive Contaminants

Lead and Copper Testing Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

0 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.69 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.89 ppm

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

ppm

HAA5s

ppb

TTHMs

ppb

4

no

0

60

no

ND

0

80

no

0.9

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms

E. coli

0.43

P/A

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

no

0

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

50

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

91.9

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

38

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

0.041

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

0.00192

n/a no

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

Zinc

ppm

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated 5

Walnut Run Water System Groundwater wells (Wells 1, 2 and 3) provide water for the Walnut Run community.

The three drilled wells use sodium hypochlorite and soda ash for chlorine disinfection and pH adjustment.

The Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to report that this water meets all requirements and there were no drinking water violations in calendar year 2016.

Lead and Copper Testing

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

ppm

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

1.96

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

8.68

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

1

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms

E. coli

P/A

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

129

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

274

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

121

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

0.069

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

0.03

0.24

pH

pH units

6.69

Sodium

ppm

n/a

9.46

Zinc

ppm

n/a

0.43

31

6.5 - 8.5 unregulated 5

no

6.8

n/a

10.4

n/a

0.0612

31

Franklin Co. Systems

Groundwater wells (Wells 7 and 8) provide water for the Royal Estates community.

Sodium hypochlorite and soda ash provide chlorine disinfection and pH adjustment.

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Regulated Substances

Radioactive Contaminants

Royal Estates Water System

Units

Water’s Edge Water System

The Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to report that this water meets all requirements, and there were no drinking water violations in calendar year 2016.

Data presented as (range) average.

32

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Water’s Edge Data (range) average

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

(0.006 - 0.066)

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

(0.06 - 0.15)

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

(0.03 - 0.37)

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

(0.082 - 0.113)

Turbidity

Regulated Substances

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

(1.2 - 9.5)

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

(5.9 - 9.1)

Radium 226/228

pCi/L

0

5

no

0.3 / (<0.6 - 1.9)

Lead and Copper Testing Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

0 of 10 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 5 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 10 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.49 ppm

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

ppm

HAA5s

ppb

TTHMs

ppb

4

no

0

60

no

ND

0

80

no

1.7

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

Microbiological Substances

E. coli

P/A

P/A

no

2

no

0

n/a

(94 - 141)

no

0.256 (well 3)

n/a

(50 - 301)

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Weatherwood Data (range) average

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.0552

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

0.24

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

0.03

NTU

TT

0.3

no

1.72

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

2.7

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

4.7

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

1.4

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

0 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 7 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

1 of 5 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 1.2 ppm

4

no

Regulated Substances

Radioactive Contaminants

Total Coliforms

Units

ppm

unregulated

Aluminum

ppm

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

Iron

ppm

Manganese

ppm

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

Zinc

ppm

0.2

Weatherwood Water System The Weatherwood Water System is served by four (4) groundwater wells and related storage facilities.

The four drilled wells are treated with sodium hypochlorite and soda ash for chlorine disinfection, pH adjustment, and iron and manganese sequestration.

The Western Virginia Water Authority is pleased to report that this water meets all requirements and there were no drinking water violations in calendar year 2016.

Radioactive Contaminants

Lead and Copper Testing

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

ppm

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

1.03

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

2.89

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

0

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms

E. coli

P/A

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

114

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

226

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

101

n/a

(38 - 123)

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

(0.97 - 2.31)

0.3

n/a

(ND - 0.333)

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

(2.32 - 3.34)

0.05

n/a

(0.00048 - 0.165)

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

n/a

(ND - 0.23)

pH

pH units

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated 5

no

(7.14 - 7.6)

Sodium

ppm

n/a

(11.2 - 37)

Zinc

ppm

n/a

(ND - 0.104)

According to results of the chemical analyses for Metals based on a sample collected in 2016 for entry point EP001 (Wells No. 4 and 11), the sodium in the treated water is 37 mg/L and in Well 12, 32.5 mg/L. This is above the EPA recommended optimal level of less than 20 mg/L for sodium in drinking water, which is established for those individuals on a “strict” sodium intake diet. This elevated level of sodium could be caused by the sodium hydroxide added to the water for pH adjustment.

Franklin Co. Systems

Customers who live in The Water’s Edge community get their drinking water from four groundwater wells (Well No. 3, 4, 11 and 12) that are located throughout the Water’s Edge subdivision. Wells 4 and 11 go to the treatment plant where three greensand filters are used to remove iron,manganese and radium from the drinking water. In 2012, the Authority added an orthophosphate feed system for corrosion control and a sodium hydroxide feed system for pH adjustment both at the treatment plant and Well 12. Well 12 is also disinfected with chlorine.

No treatment is added to Well No. 3.

Units

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated 5

n/a

ND

no

(6.8 - 7.6)

n/a

10.7

n/a

0.025

Iron and manganese levels are above the EPA’s recommended secondary maximum contaminant levels or (SMCLs) of 0.3 ppm and 0.05 ppm respectively. There are currently no known adverse health effects associated with the presence of iron and manganese at these levels; however, they can result in aesthetic problems such as staining or discoloration of clothes and fixtures, as well as the impairment of taste of beverages made with the water.

33 33

MO

O AD

SE

E

W

RE

1,000 Feet

ID G E

M

CA VE

IL

500 1,000 Feet

DR

ED

BE

0

BR

500

ET

TI M

OO D

TO

W

N

D GR

C

AR

O

L

R

Botetourt County

0

LT P

L

U

C

AL

H SA

O

R AIL WA Y

LD

EH

AN

O

RR Y QU A ROA NOK E RD

FI E

CHURC R

M

Griffith Park

UR

FI

FF

RO W N AR GE A PASS

IN D

LR

Keswick Farms Walnut Manor Reservoirs

H

U

AR

N

H

IA

NC

AI

Griffith Park

KSB

HI GH

BR A

R

Eagle Rock Glen Wilton

C BLA

UN

TA IN

Glen Wilton

Eagle Rock

Water Main Carvins Cove Dal-Nita

TOWN OF IRON GATE

CITY OF COVINGTON CA TA W

BA

TI

M

0 150 300 Feet

BE

R

ALLEGHANY COUNTY RD

ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY

On July 1, 2015, Botetourt County consolidated its utility system with the Western Virginia Water Authority. This joinder allowed for the expansion of the Carvins Cove service area to include customers in the former Greenfield and Tinkerview Garden well service areas. The water quality of Carvins Cove, particularly in terms of the mineral content, is more beneficial to meeting the needs of industries and residents.

BOTETOURT COUNTY

TOWN OF TROUTVILLE

Y

A new water pumping station that allowed drinking water from the Carvins Cove Reservoir to serve customers along the Roanoke Road corridor to Greenfield began pumping water to the Greenfield water storage tank December 12, 2015. In January 2016 an interconnection was made to allow customers in the Tinkerview Gardens area to receive Carvins Cove water, and their former wells were taken out of service.

D

LE E

HW

BOTETOURT COUNTY

CRAIG COUNTY

CL OV

TOWN OF BUCHANAN

TOWN OF FINCASTLE

ER RD DA LE

IN T

ER S 81 TATE NB

Botetourt Co. Systems

R LE Y VAL

Carvins Cove

TOWN OF TROUTVILLE

Carvins Cove

BEDFORD COUNTY

ROANOKE COUNTY SH L EL W AD D R

34

ON MS L IA W IL R D

ROANOKE COUNTY

0

0.5

1 Miles

CITY OF ROANOKE

Beaverdam

0

1

2 Miles

35

Greenfield

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Violation

Carvins Cove Data (range) average

Barium

ppm

2

2

no

0.0479

Regulated Substances

Prior to December 2015, customers in Greenfield and along the southern end of US Route 220 to the I-81 exit 150 interchange received drinking water from two groundwater wells: Well 3 and Well 4. The well water was chlorinated before entering the distribution system. Water is now provided from the water treatment plant that treats surface water from Carvins Cove Reservoir. Customers from the I-81 exit 150 interchange, south along US Route 11, continue to receive water from the water treatment plant that treats surface water from Carvins Cove Reservoir.

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

no

(0.06 - 0.7) 0.5

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

no

ND

Total Organic Carbon

ppm

TT

N/A

no

(1.46 - 2.54) 1.86

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

no

(0.09 - 0.3) 0.14

Zinc

ppm

5

n/a

0.00242

Radioactive Contaminants

Tinkerview Gardens

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

no

-0.78

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

no

1.5

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

no

0.82

Lead

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

no

1 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 2.7 ppb

Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

no

0 of 51 samples exceeded AL 90th percentile = 0.46 ppm

Lead and Copper Testing

Prior to the interconnection being made in January to provide water from Carvins Cove, customers in Tinkerview Gardens received drinking water from groundwater obtained from two drilled wells.

Usually only Well 3 was used, but an emergency connection to the Greenfield water system did exist. Storage was provided by a concrete reservoir. Water was distributed throughout the system by a booster pumping station and a hydropneumatic (pressure) tank. Treatment was provided for Well 3; chlorination equipment at the well house disinfected the water before entering the reservoir.

Water is now provided from the water treatment plant that treats surface water from Carvins Cove Reservoir.

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorate

ppm

0.8

no

(0.032 - 0.083) 0.054

Chlorine

ppm

4

no

(1.0 - 1.4) 1.2

Chlorite

ppm

0.8

no

(ND - 0.034) 0.011

HAA5s

ppb

0

60

no

(2-80) site range (14-53) LRAA range

TTHMs

ppb

0

80

no

(20-129) site range (30-60) LRAA range

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

no

3

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

no

0

99.9% removal or inactivation

no

0.1 (Jan 2016)/0.1 (Feb 2016)

(30 -39) 34

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms

A source water assessment has been completed by VDH. The assessment determined that the wells may be susceptible to contamination because they are located in an area that promotes migration of contaminants with land use activities of concern. A source water assessment for the Western Virginia Water Authority Treatment Plant determined that the Authority’s water source may be susceptible to contaminants at varying concentrations and changing hydrologic, hydraulic, and atmospheric conditions that promote migration of contaminants from land use activities of concern within the assessment area. More specific information may be obtained by contacting the Western Virginia Water Authority at 853.5700.

E. coli

P/A

Source Water Testing - this data does not apply to treated water Cryptosporidium

Cysts per 1L

0

Unregulated and Secondary Substances

Carvins Cove Dam and Reservoir

Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

n/a

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

n/a

101

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

n/a

(39 - 49) 44

Iron

ppm

0.3

n/a

(ND - 0.045) 0.02

Manganese

ppm

0.05

n/a

(0.002 - 0.03) 0.01

n/a

(0.19 - 0.31) 0.29

no

(7.3 - 7.8) 7.5

n/a

6.02

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

unregulated 6.5 - 8.5 unregulated

Botetourt Co. Systems

Source Water Assessments

36

Units

Units

Ideal Goals (EPA’s MCLG)

Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL)

Dal-Nita Hills Wells

Eagle Rock Wells

Glen Wilton Wells

Griffith Park Wells

Keswick Farm Wells

Barium

ppm

2

2

0.0426

0.174

0.144

0.128

0.141

Fluoride

ppm

4

4

0.08

<0.2

0.11

0.14

0.44

Total Nitrate & Nitrite (as N)

ppm

10

10

3.2

0.44

Turbidity

NTU

TT

0.3

0.126

Gross Alpha

pCi/L

0

15

1.8

Gross Beta

pCi/L

0

50

Combined Radium

pCi/L

0

5

ppb

0 ppb

AL = 15

0.12

Botetourt Wells

Walnut Manor Wells

Regulated Substances

Dal-Nita Hills

0.02

ND

1.75

0.084

(2.94 - 16.8)

0.105

0.4

<0.8

0.7

0.6

<0.27

(2.3 - 6.9)

5.1

3.5

<0.61

1.7

1.2

(0.7 - 15.9)

1.9

1.5

<0.4

1.3

<0.6

(1.4 - 2.28)

0.278

0.59

0.0036

0.0065

Radioactive Contaminants

Lead and Copper Testing Lead

See page 39 Copper

ppm

1.3 ppm

AL = 1.3

0.0053

ppm

HAA5

ppb

TTHM

ppb

4

(0.2 - 1.8) 0.9

(0.6 - 1.4) 0.96

(0.2 - 2.2) 1.2

(0.2 - 2.2) 0.8

(0.2 - 1.8) 0.5

(0.2 - 1.9) 0.5

0

60

7.71

ND

1.12

21.7

2.07

8.02

0

80

8.37

0.97

2.93

4.54

2.43

9.49

Microbiological Substances Total Coliforms

P/A

0

Presence of coliform bacteria in >5% of monthly samples

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

A routine and a repeat sample are total coliform positive, and one is also fecal coliform or E. coli positive.

0

0

0

0

0

0

Unregulated and Secondary Substances Alkalinity

ppm

unregulated

500

134

151

322

354

Conductivity

μmhos/cm

unregulated

1124

362

478

810

740

Hardness (Total)

ppm

unregulated

508

129

208

388

412

Iron

ppm

ND

ND

(0.941-4.51)

ND

0.162

0.00291

(0.2820.418)

0.00004

<0.01

Manganese

0.3

ppm

Orthophosphate as P

ppm

pH

pH units

Sodium

ppm

Zinc

ppm

0.05

0.00018 ND

ND

0.01

ND

<0.05

6.5 - 8.5

6.89

7.9

6.93

7.18

7.09

63.6

21.2

9.41

11.8

2.41

5

0.0123

0.00302

0.0068

0.00569

0.219

unregulated unregulated

Your drinking water is groundwater obtained from two wells. Disinfection treatment (by chlorination) is provided for both wells prior to discharge to the storage tank. Water is distributed from the storage tank by gravity.

Griffith Park

Your drinking water is groundwater obtained from a drilled well. Water is pumped from the well to a metal storage tank behind the well house.

A booster pump in the well house draws water from the tank and sends it to a pressure tank (also in the well house) and then throughout the community. Treatment is provided for iron and manganese. A small pump in the well house feeds a blend of orthophosphate and polyphosphate to sequester iron and manganese. Chlorine feed equipment was installed to continuously disinfect the water.

Tests for volatile organics (VOCs), pesticides and synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) have been conducted, and all met current state and federal standards for drinking water. Total Xylene has a primary maximum contaminant level (PMCL) of 10,000 ppb. Total Xylene was detected at Griffith Park with a range of (0.79 - 1.12) ppb.

Five samples were tested for Lead. No samples exceeded the Action Level and the 90th percentile was 1.1 ppb. Five samples were tested for Copper. No samples exceeded the Action Level and the 90th percentile was 0.56 ppm.

Keswick Farms

Five samples were tested for Lead. No samples exceeded the Action Level and the 90th percentile was 2.3 ppb. Five samples were tested for Copper. No samples exceeded the Action Level and the 90th percentile was 0.086 ppm.

Your drinking water is groundwater obtained from a drilled well.

Water is distributed throughout the community by a storage tank and distribution piping. Chlorination treatment is provided. Public education materials on lead and copper are distributed to customers in this system each year.

Glen Wilton

Walnut Manor

Your drinking water is groundwater and can be obtained from three wells. All wells are treated for iron and manganese removal by chemical precipitation and filtration and chlorine for disinfection. Wells 1 and 2 have higher levels of iron and manganese and these wells are normally not used. Well 3 is the primary source. Water is pumped from the treatment building to the storage tank and distribution piping.

Five samples were tested for Lead. No samples exceeded the Action Level and the 90th percentile was 1.2 ppb. Five samples were tested for Copper. No samples exceeded the Action Level and the 90th percentile was 0.096 ppm. According to results of the chemical analyses for metals, the sodium in the treated water is 21.2 ppm. This is above the EPA recommended optimal level of less than 20 ppm for sodium in drinking water, which is established for those individuals on a “strict” sodium intake diet.

Your drinking water is groundwater obtained from a drilled well.

Water is distributed throughout the community by a storage tank and distribution piping. Chlorination treatment is provided. Public education materials on lead and copper are distributed to customers in this system each year.

39

Botetourt Co. Systems

E. coli

P/A

Water from Dal-Nita Hills well comes from a groundwater well and is distributed throughout the community by a storage tank and distribution piping. Chlorination treatment is provided. According to results of the chemical analyses for metals, the sodium in the treated water is 63.6 ppm. This is above the EPA recommended optimal level of less than 20 ppm for sodium in drinking water, which is established for those individuals on a “strict” sodium intake diet. A source water assessment for the Dal-Nita Hills well has been completed by the Virginia Department of Health. The assessment determined that the well may be susceptible to contamination because it is located in an area that promotes migration of contaminants from land use activities of concern. Public education materials on lead and copper are distributed to customers in this system each year.

Eagle Rock

Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Chlorine

Botetourt Well Systems

about your water

Classroom Presentations

Tours of our treatment facilities and reservoirs are offered for students, civic and community groups.

You will be amazed to learn what goes on behind the faucet as we treat and deliver the highest quality drinking water to our customers.

Guest Speakers

To request a visit, please call 853.5700 or email education@westernvawater.org

We’d love to show you how we treat your water.

Interested in having a speaker talk to your civic league or community group? We’d be happy to talk to your group about your water source, how we treat your water and improvements we are making to the water and wastewater infrastructure. Contact us at info@westernvawater.org for scheduling and information.

Research The Western Virginia Water Authority has partnered with Virginia Tech researchers and graduate students

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General Information

since the 1990s to lead water quality research projects on the Authority’s drinking water reservoirs. This partnership trains graduate students with real-world experiences while providing valuable data for management. Students inform reservoir management of oxygenation, discharge rates, water chemistry and more. As a result of the research, oxygen is now fed into the reservoirs to keep naturally occurring iron and manganese locked in the sediment layers, saving the expense of chemical addition in the treatment facilities. Algal blooms are also reduced as a result of the increased oxygen because it locks up nitrogen and phosphorus, essential components of algae growth, in the reservoir sediments. Through this Virginia Tech partnership, the Western Virginia Water Authority has the strongest track record of water quality monitoring of any Virginia utility.

your water source

The Authority’s outreach staff is pleased to offer free Standards of Learning (SOL) correlated lessons to students in our service area. During the past school year, more than 13,000 students participated in our outreach programs. These hands-on programs help students understand concepts such as the water cycle, watersheds and the amazing properties of water. Students in the upper grades learn about watershed protection, GIS mapping and future careers in the water and wastewater industry. Interested in bringing the Water Authority into your classroom? Email us at education@westernvawater.org to schedule a visit.

Visit

Learn

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As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.

Water from surface sources is treated to make it drinkable while groundwater may or may not require any treatment.

Contaminants in source water may be naturally occurring substances, or may come from: • Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife; • Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally-occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming; • Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses; • Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems; and • Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturallyoccurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.

The Western Virginia Water Authority has worked with the Virginia Department of Health to determine our water sources susceptibility to contaminants. The assessment is a requirement of the Virginia Department of Health’s (VDH) Source Water Assessment Program (SWAP) in accordance with the 1996 Amendments of the Safe Drinking Water Act. The assessment determined that Crystal Spring, Falling Creek and Carvins Cove are susceptible to contamination based on land use activities and potential types of contaminants in these areas. This designation does not mean that the source water has been impacted or that it will be impacted. It does mean that if there is a release of pollutants in the assessment area, the source water could be impacted.

The VDH also completed a source water assessment of Spring Hollow Reservoir’s water source, the Roanoke River. This assessment determined that the Roanoke River may be susceptible to contamination because it is surface water exposed to a wide array of contaminants at varying concentrations. Also, changing hydrologic, hydraulic and atmospheric conditions promote migration of contaminants from land use activities of concern into the Roanoke River.

The assessment also determined that the Water Authority’s wells might be susceptible to contamination because they are located in areas that promote migration of contaminants from land use activities of concern. More specific information about these reports may be obtained by contacting the Western Virginia Water Authority’s Water Division at 853.5700.

Backflow Prevention & Cross-Connection Identification A plumbing cross-connection is an actual or potential connection between the public water supply and any source of contamination or pollutant. Without proper plumbing precautions, contaminated substances could backflow into the public system and your drinking water supply through this connection.

Water travelling through the Authority’s distribution system is pressurized. If the water system loses pressure, such as during a water main break, system maintenance or fire hydrant usage/ testing, the flow of the water may be reversed. If a customer has made a cross-connection with hazardous substances or even non potable water, these substances can backflow into the public water system and create a risk to public health.

What You Can Do To Protect Your Drinking Water Help us identify potential locations where backflow can occur.

You can complete a simple Backflow Prevention Survey on-line at www.westernvawater.org.

If necessary, contact the Water Authority to schedule a free assessment with our staff to assist you in finding and removing any potential cross-connection sources.

Remove any cross-connections you find or install backflow prevention devices (available at hardware stores) where needed.

A Water Authority representative is available to assist you with this process if needed.

If you have a backflow prevention device installed by a certified plumber, have it tested annually or after any repairs.

Questions about backflow prevention? email us at backflow@westernvawater.org call us at 853.5700

We all need to work together to protect our drinking water.

The Western Virginia Water Authority and all our customers share the responsibility to help safeguard the public water supply. We are working closely with the Virginia Department of Health and our customers to identify potential backflow issues so your drinking water maintains the highest possible quality.

Potential Cross-Connection Sources Where Backflow Can Occur Outside Spigots outside spigots without a vacuum breaker

Wells & Irrigation Systems not Protected by a Backflow Device (Connected to Public Water) private well, spring or cistern lawn irrigation/sprinkler system - supplied by a pond/lake lawn irrigation/sprinkler system - supplied by public water water storage tank

Pools, Ponds & Hot Tubs not Protected by a Backflow Device (Connected to Public Water) hot tub swimming pool fish pond

Internal Plumbing Not Protected by a Backflow Device (Connected to Public Water)

General Information

Protect

your water

Source Water Protection

fire protection sprinkler system solar heating system water softener water filtration system darkroom/photo development

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Be Informed

about dam safety

Reservoir Dams Inundation Zones The Western Virginia Water Authority utilizes four surface water sources in the Roanoke Valley - Carvins Cove, Spring Hollow, Beaverdam Creek and Falling Creek Reservoirs. Each of these bodies of water is impounded by a dam which is physically inspected annually.

The Western Virginia Water Authority has published this information to inform customers in the unlikely event of a catastrophic dam failure.

If this should occur, or if conditions should occur that would increase the likelihood of such an event occurring, the public would be notified through all major media outlets.

You can also register your phone number with the Authority through our CodeRed system. This free service is an automated phone dialing system that notifies our customers of important information including safety issues, water service interruptions and late payment notifications.

To learn more about the risk of flooding to your property, and to learn how you can protect yourself, please visit the FloodSafe.gov website.

FEMA also offers informative publications about dam safety. Living with Dams: Know Your Risks was published in 2013 and Living with Dams: Extreme Rainfall Events was published in 2015.

get notified: www.westernvawater.org/codered

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General Information

If you have specific questions about the Western Virginia Water Authority dam inundation information or to see if you property is located in an inundation zone, please see https://www.westernvawater.org/drinkingwater/dam-safety-information

Using water wisely in times of drought is critical; however, it is always important to use our valuable natural resource wisely.

• Fix leaks in faucets, toilet tanks and outside spigots. Check for a toilet leak by putting some food coloring in your toilet tank. The next morning, if any of the color shows up in the bowl without flushing, you have a leak. A leaky toilet can waste up to 200 gallons of water per day.

• In the laundry or kitchen, use full loads in your washing machine and dishwasher to maximize efficiency.

• Don’t overwater your lawn. If you water your lawn, it only needs 1 to 1.5 inches of water every week or two. Water your garden or lawn before 10 AM or after 7 PM when temperatures are cooler to minimize evaporation.

• While brushing your teeth, turn off the water and save two gallons of water.

• Have a leak? Fix it and let us know right away. If your meter records a continuous high flow of consumption, we’ll notify you about a potential leak.

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The Western Virginia Water Authority’s Board of Directors, appointed by the member localities, governs the Authority. Representatives from the City of Roanoke include Mr. John P. Bradshaw, Jr., Mr. Wayne Bowers, and Mr. Harvey Brookins. The Roanoke County representatives include Mr. Don Davis, Mr. Thomas Gates, and Mr. Randall Hancock. Mrs. Shirley Holland represents Franklin County, and Mr. Stephen Clinton represents Botetourt County.

Board meetings are held on the third Thursday of each month (with the exception of August and December) at 601 S. Jefferson Street. The Board meetings are open to the public.

Executive Directors

The Western Virginia Water Authority has two Executive Directors that oversee the daily treatment and delivery of 19-million gallons of drinking water and the collection and treatment of 37-million gallons of wastewater a day. Michael McEvoy (left) is the Executive Director Wastewater Services and Gary Robertson, P.E. (right) is the Executive Director Water Operations.

Customer Service

Our customer service representatives are available Monday-Friday from 8am - 5pm. If you have a water or sewer emergency after hours, calls to the Water Authority are answered by Roanoke County’s 911 Dispatch Center. 540.853.5700 | info@westernvawater.org

Follow Us:

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General Information

• Taking shorter showers saves water. Shorten your shower to five minutes.

Authority Board of Directors

Contact Us

Conserve

your water

601 S. Jefferson Street Roanoke, VA 24011 540.853.5700 info@westernvawater.org

Spring Hollow Reservoir