Test Bank For Workplace Communications: The Basics Eighth Edition George J. Searles, Mohawk Valley C

Test Bank For

Workplace Communications: The Basics Eighth Edition George J. Searles, Mohawk Valley Community College Prepared by Kathy Riley

ISBN-10: 0135203104 ISBN-13: 9780135203101

CONTENTS Chapter 1: The Keys to Successful Communication: Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Ethics Chapter 2: Workplace Correspondence: Memos, E-mail, Text Messages, and Business Letters Chapter 3: Effective Visuals: Tables, Graphs, Charts, and Illustrations Chapter 4: Short Reports: Page Design, Formats, and Types Chapter 5: Collateral Advertising: Fliers, Brochures, Newsletters, and Websites Chapter 6: Instructions: Guidelines, Alerts, and Procedure Descriptions Chapter 7: Job Application Process: Online Search, Cover E-mail, Résumé, Interview, and Follow-Up Chapter 8: Oral Presentations: Preparation and Delivery Chapter 9: Proposals: Objectives, Types, and Formats Chapter 10: Long Reports: Format, Collaboration, and Documentation

ii Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1 9 17 25 32 39 47 54 61 69

CHAPTER 1 The Keys to Successful Communication: Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Ethics MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

Which purpose would be served by a memo asking for supplier prices on a frequently purchased item? a. persuasion b. creating a record c. providing information d. requesting information Correct Answer: D 2.

Which of the following questions is related to purpose? a. ―Am I writing primarily to create a record, to request or provide information, or to persuade?‖ b. ―Who will read what I have written?‖ c. ―What factors might influence the readers’ response to this message?‖ d. ―Am I writing to one person or more than one?‖

Correct Answer: A 3.

Which of the following questions relates to ethics? a. ―Am I writing primarily to create a record, to request or provide information, or to persuade?‖ b. ―Is what I am writing factually correct?‖ c. ―What factors might influence the readers’ response to this message?‖ d. ―What do the readers already know about this specific situation?‖

Correct Answer: B 4.

Which of the following is part of the prewriting stage of the writing process? a. considering the organization of the content b. creating a first draft, concentrating on content c. adjusting the tone to suit the audience d. identifying the purpose and intended audience

Correct Answer: D 5.

Which of the following questions can be used to tailor a piece of writing to a particular audience? a. ―What are the readers’ job titles or responsibilities?‖ b. ―Am I writing primarily to create a record, to request or provide information, or to persuade?‖ c. ―What factors might influence my skill as a writer?‖ d. ―Have I credited my information sources?‖ 1 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: A 6.

Which of the following is part of the rewriting stage of the writing process? a. checking for ethical validity b. creating a first draft, concentrating on content c. deciding what needs to be said d. choosing the most appropriate format

Correct Answer: A 7.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about workplace communication? a.

The memo has now been almost totally replaced by texting. b.

Every instance of workplace writing occurs for a specific reason. c.

Every instance of workplace writing is intended for a general audience. d.

Workplace writing should avoid personal pronouns such as I and you.

Correct Answer: B 8.

Which of the following is an example of reader-centered perspective? a.

A public-opinion survey describes 55 percent of the respondents as a ―substantial majority.‖ b.

An employee assigned to prepare a report submits a similar report written by someone at another company and downloaded from the Internet. c.

A writer uses please, thank you, and other polite terms. d.

A writer provides detailed statistical information in a report for a general audience.

Correct Answer: C 9.

What is the main problem with the Fin & Feather Pet Supplies letter in Exercise 1.3 in the text, in which the writer discusses a malfunctioning heating unit? a.

The writer fails to use polite language. b.

The writer fails to tell the reader what action is required. c.

The letter uses incorrect formatting for a business letter. d.

The writer provides inappropriate details about the situation.

Correct Answer: D 10.

What is the main problem with the e-mail to Mr. Rhodes in Exercise 1.2 in the text, in which the writer explains why she missed a day of work? a.

The writer fails to apologize for an inappropriate action. b.

The writer should have used a business letter rather than an e-mail. c.

The writer provides inappropriate details about the situation. d.

The subject line is not accurate.

Correct Answer: C 11.

Which of the following is an example of a ―softening‖ word or phrase? a. furthermore 2 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

actually if you wish OTOH (meaning on the other hand)

Correct Answer: C 12.

Which of the following strategies would be appropriate when a problem has been caused by an error or oversight on your part? a.

Don’t mention the error. b.

State specifically what your mistake was. c.

Explain how the situation will be corrected. d.

Create an excuse for the mistake.

Correct Answer: C 13.

Which of the following statements is true about whistle-blowing? a.

Retaliation against the whistle-blower is easy to prove. b.

The whistle-blower may return to a hostile work environment. c.

Blacklisting rarely affects the whistle-blower’s future job search. d.

A worker’s primary obligation is to follow an employer’s directions, even if they seem unethical.

Correct Answer: B 14.

Using terms deliberately chosen for their ambiguity (e.g., ―customary service charges‖) may create __________. a. a high-context communication b. a hostile tone c. unethical communication d. upward communication

Correct Answer: C 15.

Which of the following raises ethical concerns in writing? a. documenting sources b. expressing regret about a mistake c. full disclosure of information d. conflict of interest

Correct Answer: D 16.

Which of the following is true of idioms? a.

They are recommended when communicating with international audiences. b.

They defy direct translation. c.

They are uniformly understood when communicating across varieties of the same language (e.g., American, British, and Canadian English). d.

They are recommended for highly formal communication.

Correct Answer: B

3 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

17.

Which of the following follows a strategy for a positive tone? a. ―Your case has been closed and will not be reopened unless you file a new claim.‖ b. ―Don’t call us after 3:00 p.m. on Fridays.‖ c. ―Thank you for purchasing our product and for taking the time to contact us about it.‖ d. ―We feel certain that the unsatisfactory performance of your recent purchase was caused by something you did.‖

Correct Answer: C 18.

Which of the following indicates a reader quality that places that person higher on the pecking order? a. an introverted personality b. more education c. less access to information d. greater need

Correct Answer: B 19.

Which of the following is true of a casual tone? a.

It should not be adopted with equals. b.

It should not be adopted with subordinates. c.

It should maintain a ―business is business‖ attitude. d.

It may be perceived as combative.

Correct Answer: C 20.

Which of the following is true of a casual tone? a.

An excessively conversational tone should be avoided. b.

It is appropriate to adopt with superiors. c.

It is appropriate to include personal information, for example about leisure activities. d.

Personal pronouns should be avoided.

Correct Answer: A 21.

Which of the following best describes a writer from the United States communicating with a reader from the Middle East? a.

The writer is from a high-context culture, while the reader is from a lowcontext culture. b.

The writer is from a low-context culture, while the reader is from a highcontext culture. c.

Both the writer and reader are from high-context cultures. d.

Both the writer and reader are from low-context cultures.

Correct Answer: B

4 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

22.

Which of the following best describes a writer from Asia communicating with a reader from the South America? a.

The writer is from a high-context culture, while the reader is from a lowcontext culture. b.

The writer is from a low-context culture, while the reader is from a highcontext culture. c.

Both the writer and reader are from high-context cultures. d.

Both the writer and reader are from low-context cultures.

Correct Answer: C 23.

What purpose would be served by a memo apologizing for a missing part on a recently shipped order and giving the reader a tracking number for a replacement part? a. persuasion b. providing information c. obtaining information d. requesting information

Correct Answer: B 24.

Which of the following is true of business and technical communications in lowcontext cultures? a.

They emphasize background information. b.

They often contain an interpersonal component. c.

They de-emphasize background information. d.

They are often long-winded.

Correct Answer: C 25.

What is the best description of the writer-audience relationship in the letter from the claims adjustor at Southeast Insurance Company in Exercise 1.1 in the text? a.

The writer holds a superior position to the reader. b.

The writer holds a subordinate position to the reader. c.

The writer is a peer (equal) of the reader. d.

The writer doesn’t know who the reader is.

Correct Answer: A 26.

Which of the following is true of acronyms and abbreviations frequently used in social media and text messaging (e.g., OTOH for on the other hand)? a.

Most are appropriate for workplace communication. b.

They will usually be readily understood by readers for whom English is not their native language. c.

They may not be readily understood by older readers. d.

They will usually be readily understood by older readers.

Correct Answer: C

5 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

27.

Which of the following is true of technical acronyms specific to particular businesses and occupations? a.

Most are inappropriate for workplace communication. b.

They may facilitate dialogue among employees in those fields. c.

They may not be readily understood by older readers. d.

They may facilitate communication with a lay audience.

Correct Answer: B 28.

Which of the following is true of business and technical communications in highcontext cultures? a.

They emphasize background information. b.

They avoid an interpersonal component. c.

They de-emphasize background information. d.

They are relatively concise, compared to low-context communications.

Correct Answer: A 29.

Which of the following is true of an executive reader? a.

The reader has decision-making power. b.

The reader does not possess significant prior knowledge of the field. c.

The reader should be addressed using strategies appropriate for those outside your workplace. d.

The reader doesn’t have the authority to make decisions.

Correct Answer: A 30.

Which of the following types of communication is intended for those at your own level in the hierarchy? a. upward communication b. lateral communication c. downward communication d. outward communication

Correct Answer: B 31.

Which of the following types of communication best describes a letter to someone at a company with which you do business? a. upward communication b. lateral communication c. downward communication d. outward communication

Correct Answer: D 32.

Which of the following types of communication best describes an e-mail to an intern you’ve been assigned to train? a. upward communication b. lateral communication 6 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

c. d.

downward communication outward communication

Correct Answer: C 33.

Which of the following types of communication best describes a text message replying to a question from your supervisor? a. upward communication b. lateral communication c. downward communication d. outward communication

Correct Answer: A 34.

Which of the following types of communication best describes a voicemail to a coworker in your department? a. upward communication b. lateral communication c. downward communication d. outward communication

Correct Answer: B 35.

Which of the following tactics might cause a document to fail an ethics test? a.

The writer shares relevant information with coworkers. b.

The writer gives credit for others’ ideas, findings, or written material. c.

The writer uses terms deliberately chosen for their clarity and precision. d.

The writer downplays negative aspects of a situation in order to create the desired impression.

Correct Answer: D SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

36.

Explain three strategies for making a piece of writing more reader-oriented, and give an example of each.

37.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of sending business correspondence by email rather than by a traditional, mailed letter.

38.

Analyze the e-mail from the Chief of Campus Security in Exercise 1.1 in the text in terms of the principles about good tone that it violates.

39.

You are reviewing a memo written by an intern whom you supervise and discover that the writer has included a paragraph from a competitor’s website (without any attribution). How would you proceed?

7 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

40.

You are writing a memo to your coworkers explaining a new procedure for requesting travel reimbursement, and, in addition, you are sending a copy to your supervisor. Who is your primary audience in this case? Explain any strategies you might use to adjust your tone.

8 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 2 Workplace Correspondence: Memos, E-mail, Text Messages, and Business Letters MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

The typical purpose of a memo is to __________; as a result, its approach tends to be __________. a. complain, direct b. persuade, indirect c. request, indirect d. inform, direct

Correct Answer: D 2.

Text messages are limited to how many characters? a.

140, not including spaces and punctuation marks b.

160, not including spaces and punctuation marks c.

150, including spaces and punctuation marks d.

160, including spaces and punctuation marks

Correct Answer: D 3.

What is the main purpose of a signature file in an e-mail? a. to make the e-mail seem less formal b. to identify your name and address if your e-mail name and address don’t fully reveal your identity c. to replace the salutation traditionally used in a written business letter d. to replace the ―To‖ line traditionally used in a memo

Correct Answer: B 4.

Which of these is true of communicating by text? a.

Texts do not provide a record of exactly when the communication was sent. b.

It’s fine to send and receive unrelated texts to others even when you’re in a face-to-face meeting with colleagues. c.

It can be harder to reconstruct a ―paper trail‖ from texts if one is needed in the future. d.

Texts make it easy to convey the sender’s tone of voice.

Correct Answer: C

9 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5.

Which of the following is a similarity between traditional memos and e-mails? a.

Both tend to be dashed off ―in the heat of the moment.‖ b.

Both can be sent to multiple readers. c.

Needless correspondence is created by both. d.

Both tend to be proofread carefully.

Correct Answer: B 6.

Identify one cause of an ―e-mail about e-mail.‖ a. mistakes caused by hasty composition b. the use of spell-checkers c. the relative informality of e-mail d. the use of text messaging instead of e-mail for relatively informal interchanges

Correct Answer: A 7.

A letter-style salutation is eliminated by which of the following? a. the Subject line of an e-mail b. the complimentary close of an e-mail c. the signature block of an e-mail d. the To line of an e-mail

Correct Answer: D 8.

Which of the following is true of an in-house e-mail, as opposed to an external email? a.

The tone of an in-house e-mail can be more informal. b.

An in-house e-mail is usually longer and more fully developed. c.

More background information is needed for an in-house e-mail. d.

An in-house e-mail should use a letter-style salutation and complimentary close.

Correct Answer: A 9.

Which of the following is a recommended practice when sending an attachment? a.

Avoid sending an attachment under 1 MB. b.

Include a sentence in the body of the e-mail referring to the attachment. c.

Assume that your reader will notice the attachment without having his or her attention drawn to it. d.

Use text messaging to send an attachment.

Correct Answer: B 10.

Which of the following is recommended when replying to an e-mail sent to multiple recipients? a.

Always click Reply All. b.

Reply All any time one of the recipients is your supervisor. c.

Don’t click Reply All unless there is a valid reason to do so.

10 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

d.

Reply All any time the sender is your supervisor.

Correct Answer: C 11.

Which of the following is true about forwarding an e-mail to other readers? a.

You should have the original writer’s knowledge and permission. b.

It is appropriate to do so as long as you send it to only one other reader. c.

It is appropriate to do so as long as the message is business-related. d.

It is appropriate to do so as long as the message was sent from the reader’s business e-mail address to your business e-mail address.

Correct Answer: A 12.

Which of the following is true about personal messages? a.

Many employers provide a separate e-mail ―bulletin board‖ for announcements such as personal sales and unwanted tickets to events. b.

Personal messages may be sent as long as you do so to one recipient at a time. c.

Personal messages may be sent as long as you do so only in a mass mailing. d.

You are not legally responsible for the content of any personal messages.

Correct Answer: A 13.

Which of the following is true about memos? a.

Most memos take an indirect approach. b.

Never send a memo that is only one sentence or paragraph. c.

Typically, memos are at most 3 to 4 short paragraphs. d.

Important memos should be written in all capitals.

Correct Answer: C 14.

The Subject line of a memo is analogous to which of the following? a. a salutation b. a complimentary close c. a fax message d. a newspaper headline

Correct Answer: D 15.

Review the scenario in Exercise 2.1 in the text, asking for volunteers to work overtime on Labor Day. In this situation, what would be the most appropriate way to send the email? a.

The e-mail should be sent simultaneously to all eligible employees. b.

The e-mail should be sent individually to all eligible employees. c.

A memo should be posted on the lunchroom bulletin board. d.

The 40 employees most likely to volunteer should be contacted by voice mail, followed by an e-mail to other eligible employees if an insufficient number volunteer.

Correct Answer: A

11 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

16.

A standard in-house memo contains which of the following elements? a. the recipient’s office address b. a Subject line c. a salutation d. a complimentary close

Correct Answer: B 17.

An external e-mail nearly always includes a letter-style salutation and complimentary close, unless which of the following circumstances is true? a.

The e-mail contains detailed information providing background about the reason of the current e-mail. b.

Including a salutation and complimentary close will cause the e-mail to exceed one screen page in length. c.

The writer and reader have established an ongoing professional relationship. d.

The writer and reader are extremely busy.

Correct Answer: C 18.

―Claim letter‖ is another term for what type of business letter? a. one that voices a complaint b. one that responds to a complaint c. one that authorizes a purchase order for a particular product or service d. one that requests a payment of an overdue account

Correct Answer: A 19.

―Adjustment letter‖ is another term for what type of business letter? a. one that voices a complaint b. one that responds to a complaint c. one that authorizes a purchase order for a particular product or service d. one that acknowledges a favor

Correct Answer: B 20.

Which of the following is a correct statement about business letter format? a.

Over the years, letters have been formatted in various ways. b.

Today, full block style is extremely rare. c.

The first line of every paragraph in full block style is indented. d.

Full block style means all capitals.

Correct Answer: A 21.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the body of a letter formatted in full block style? a.

The letter is single-spaced throughout, with single spacing between the blocks of print.

12 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

The letter is double-spaced throughout, with double spacing between the blocks of print.

The letter is single-spaced throughout, with double spacing between the blocks of print.

The letter is double-spaced throughout, with triple spacing between the blocks of print.

Correct Answer: C 22.

Which of the following is true of texting? a.

Extreme concision (e.g., abbreviations and phonetic spelling) is recommended for most texts. b.

Generational or cultural differences between recipient and sender may lead to misunderstanding of abbreviations and phonetic spelling. c.

Texts are the preferred mode of communication if the subject matter is fairly important or sensitive. d.

Texts are the preferred mode of communication if a permanent record is needed.

Correct Answer: B 23.

Which of the following is recommended as the best style for a business letter? a.

Official, bureaucratic language such as ―Pursuant to our agreement‖ is recommended in order to create a businesslike tone. b.

Direct, conversational phrasing is appropriate for most situations. c.

The style of a business letter can typically be less formal than the style of an in-house memo. d.

Use of abbreviations and phonetic spelling, similar to those used in texts, is now considered appropriate for most business letters.

Correct Answer: B 24.

Which of the following is true about e-mail and text transmissions, but not about letters? a.

The reader’s name is fully spelled out. b.

The exact date of transmission is indicated. c.

The exact time of transmission is indicated. d.

The writer’s name is fully spelled out.

Correct Answer: C 25.

The term ―inside address‖ refers to which of the following? a. the receiver’s full name, title, and address b. the writer’s full name, title, and address c. the preprinted letterhead on which most standard business letters are sent d. a salutation like ―Dear Human Resources Department‖

Correct Answer: A

13 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

26.

Which of the following does the text recommend as a strategy for the introduction of a sales letter? a.

Provide all relevant details about the product or service you’re selling. b.

Create an incentive by explaining the advantages of purchasing. c.

Encourage the reader to contact you to discuss payment options. d.

Get the reader’s attention.

Correct Answer: D 27.

Which of the following does the text recommend as a strategy for the conclusion of a sales letter? a.

Thank the reader in advance for becoming a customer. b.

Get the reader’s attention. c.

Provide relevant details about the benefits of the product or service. d.

Say something flattering about the reader’s company.

Correct Answer: A 28.

Which of the following does the text recommend as a strategy for the middle section of an order letter? a.

If appropriate, use a table to present relevant details about your order. b.

Thank the reader in advance for filling the order. c.

Provide your contact information and, if appropriate, a self-addressed, stamped envelope. d.

Write out the details of the order in prose.

Correct Answer: A 29.

Which of the following does the text recommend as a strategy for the introduction of a claim letter? a.

Provide necessary background information, then identify the problem. b.

Thank the reader in advance for correcting the problem. c.

Provide your contact information (phone, e-mail, and postal address). d.

Praise the reader for placing the order.

Correct Answer: A 30.

Which of the following does the text recommend as a strategy for the introduction of an inquiry letter? a.

Thank the reader in advance for complying with your request. b.

Specify the deadline by which you would like the request to be fulfilled. c.

Include your contact information and, if appropriate, a self-addressed, stamped envelope. d.

Briefly explain the reason for your inquiry.

Correct Answer: D

14 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

31.

Which of the following is true of business letters? a.

In international communication, the introduction of a letter is often more lengthy. b.

Ideally, the middle section of a business letter should be limited to one paragraph. c.

If the letter is sent on company letterhead, a complimentary close is not necessary. d.

If the receiver’s full name and address are included, the salutation is typically omitted.

Correct Answer: A 32.

Which of the following does the text recommend as a complimentary close? a. ―Sincerely‖ b. ―Yours very truly‖ c. ―Gentlemen‖ d. ―Dear Sir or Madam‖

Correct Answer: A 33.

Which of the following is an essential element of a business letter? a. a return address b. a CC line c. the recipient’s telephone number d. a subject line

Correct Answer: A 34.

Which of the following is true of e-mail correspondence? a.

Most writers include some kind of salutation, even though it is technically not needed. b.

E-mail sent from your work account is private, as long as is sent to someone outside of your office. c.

E-mail sent outside the workplace is commonly more succinct than messages intended for coworkers. d.

Your work e-mail account is the appropriate venue for venting about coworkers.

Correct Answer: A 35.

The U.S. Postal Service recommends that envelopes be addressed in which of the following ways? a. with capital and lowercase letters b. with all capital letters c. with complete punctuation d. with all lowercase letters

Correct Answer: B

15 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

36.

Compose a signature file for yourself and explain why you have chosen to include each element in the signature file. Also explain any information that you considered including but decided to omit.

37.

Explain two situations where a voice mail or face-to-face meeting would be preferable to an e-mail message.

38.

You are vice president of a club for students in your major. The club would like you to invite one of your former instructors (who teaches at the nearby community college you used to attend) to come to the club’s next meeting and answer students’ questions about the job market in your field. Draft a letter asking the instructor to attend the meeting.

39.

Write a thank-you note acknowledging your instructor’s participation in the club meeting mentioned in question 38.

40.

Assume you are the instructor mentioned in question 38. You will be unable to attend the meeting, but you can recommend another faculty member who would be a good substitute. You need to write a letter to the student who invited you to speak. Which of the letter structures outlined on Table 2.2 of the text would be the best one for organizing this letter, and why?

16 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 3 Effective Visuals: Tables, Graphs, Charts, and Illustrations MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A document contains two visuals: a pie chart on page 5 and a line graph on page 9. What is the correct way to label and number these visuals? a.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 b.

Chart 1 and Graph 1 c.

Figure 5 and Graph 9 d.

Figure 5 and Figure 9

Correct Answer: A 2.

Which of the following is a drawback of computer-generated graphics? a.

Most of the available graphics are simpler than those used before computergenerated graphics. b.

Inexperienced users can become carried away with the many options at their disposal. c.

Computer-generated graphics cannot be easily revised. d.

Computer-generated graphics are crude compared to hand-drawn graphics.

Correct Answer: B 3.

A multiple-bar graph __________. a. should be used only if the bar graph is horizontal b. is the best type of graph for displaying change over time c. usually requires a key or labels d. is the best type of graph to portray the percentage distribution of money

Correct Answer: C 4.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a document containing only one visual? a.

The visual requires both a number and a title. b.

The visual requires a number but not a title. c.

The visual requires a title but not a number. d.

The visual requires neither a number nor a title.

Correct Answer: C 5.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a document containing more than one visual? a.

Each visual requires both a number and a title. b.

Each visual requires a number but not a title. c.

Each visual requires a title but not a number. d.

Each visual requires neither a number nor a title.

17 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: A 6.

A title for a visual should be __________. a. brief b. written in all capitals c. lengthy d. italicized

Correct Answer: D 7.

Of the sophomore students at your university, 34% live in dormitories, 25% live in offcampus rentals, 38% live with their families, and 3% live in fraternity or sorority housing. The best type of visual for displaying this information is __________. a. a line graph b. a diagram c. a circle chart d. a Gantt chart

Correct Answer: C 8.

For maximum effectiveness, a circle chart should include __________ slices. a.

1 to 4 b.

3 to 7 c. unlabeled but colorful d. randomly arranged

Correct Answer: B 9.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the information provided in a visual? a.

The information should be discussed in the text after the visual. b.

The information should be discussed in the text before the visual. c.

The visual should refer the reader to the text (for example, ―See the paragraph above‖). d.

There is no need for the text to discuss the information in the visual.

Correct Answer: B 10.

Which of the following is a correct statement about visuals accompanying instructions? a.

The point of view in the visuals must be the same as the reader performing the instructions. b.

The point of view in the visuals must be the same as the writer who wrote the instructions. c.

Either the reader’s or the writer’s point of view may be used; there are no standard guidelines. d.

An overhead point of view should always be used.

Correct Answer: A 11.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the ethical use of visuals?

18 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

a. b. c. d.

Ethical principles do not really apply to visuals, since visuals are not written communication.

Any visual you include is subject to the same ethical standards as your written text.

It is acceptable for a visual to distort and manipulate information, as long as it results in a more persuasive message.

The ethical principles governing text are different from those governing visuals.

Correct Answer: B 12.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of tables? a.

The purpose of a table is to portray statistical and other information for easy comparison. b.

A table may display numbers but is not generally used to display other types of information. c.

Subdivisions within categories are generally not permitted in a table. d.

A table is a type of graph.

Correct Answer: A 13.

The top row of a table __________. a. contains the column headings b. is called the stub c. is called the boxtop d. contains the row headings

Correct Answer: A 14.

The leftmost column of a table __________. a. contains the column headings b. is called the stub c. is called the boxhead d. is called the y-axis

Correct Answer: B 15.

The primary purpose of a line graph is to __________. a. display parts of a whole b. create comparisons within categories of information c. present detailed statistics for comparison with other statistics d. portray change over time

Correct Answer: D 16.

Which of the following is an appropriate strategy for a multiple-line graph? a.

Each line should be the same color. b.

Each line should have the same appearance (e.g., two solid lines). c.

Each line should have a different appearance (e.g., one solid and one dotted). d.

Multiple lines should not be used on the same graph.

19 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: C 17.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a vertical bar graph? a.

The vertical axis identifies the dependent variables. b.

Neither the horizontal nor the vertical axis identifies the dependent variables. c.

The horizontal axis identifies the dependent variables. d.

The vertical axis identifies the independent variables.

Correct Answer: A 18.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a horizontal bar graph? a.

The vertical axis identifies the dependent variables. b.

Neither the horizontal nor the vertical axis identifies the dependent variables. c.

The horizontal axis identifies the dependent variables. d.

The horizontal axis identifies the independent variables.

Correct Answer: C 19.

To create comparisons within categories of information on a bar graph, which strategy should be used? a.

Present some bars vertically and others horizontally. b.

Color or shade each bar differently to avoid confusion. c.

Make each bar a different width. d.

Make each bar solid black.

Correct Answer: B 20.

A flow chart is best suited to which type of information? a. detailed statistics b. a schedule or timeline of necessary activities from start to finish of a project c. the steps through which work for a process must proceed in order to reach completion d. the chain of command within a business, along with relationships among various functional areas within the business

Correct Answer: C 21.

A Gantt chart is best suited to which type of information? a. detailed statistics b. a schedule or timeline of necessary activities from start to finish of a project c. the steps through which work for a process must proceed in order to reach completion d. the chain of command within a business, along with relationships among various functional areas within the business

Correct Answer: B 22.

An organizational chart is best suited to which type of information?

20 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

a. b. c. d.

detailed statistics a schedule or timeline of necessary activities from start to finish of a project the steps through which work for a process must proceed in order to reach completion the chain of command within a business, along with relationships among various functional areas within the business

Correct Answer: D 23.

A circle chart is best suited to which type of information? a. detailed statistics b. a schedule or timeline of necessary activities from start to finish of a project c. the steps through which work for a process must proceed in order to reach completion d. the percentage distribution of parts within a whole

Correct Answer: D 24.

A flow chart is usually read __________. a. from top to bottom b. from bottom to top c. from right to left d. in a circular fashion

Correct Answer: A 25.

Which of the following is a correct statement about an organization chart? a.

Powerful positions are at the bottom. b.

Least powerful positions are at the top. c.

Boxes on the same horizontal level are at approximately equal levels of responsibility. d.

All positions are approximately equal in responsibility.

Correct Answer: C 26.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a Gantt chart? a.

The x-axis identifies the steps in a project. b.

A Gantt chart resembles a line graph. c.

Some horizontal bars representing various activities may overlap. d.

No horizontal bars may overlap.

Correct Answer: C 27.

A photograph is best suited for which situation? a.

The reader must have an exact, strictly accurate representation of a person or thing. b.

The writer wants to omit unwanted detail and portray only what is relevant. c.

The reader needs to have visual access to the interior workings of a mechanism or object.

21 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

d.

The writer needs to provide a simplification of a drawing.

Correct Answer: A 28.

A cutaway view is best suited for which situation? a.

The reader must have an exact, strictly accurate representation of a person or thing. b.

The writer wants to omit unwanted detail and portray only what is relevant. c.

The reader needs to have visual access to the interior workings of a mechanism or object. d.

The writer needs to provide a simplification of a drawing.

Correct Answer: C 29.

A diagram is best suited for which situation? a.

The reader must have an exact, strictly accurate representation of a person or thing. b.

The writer wants to omit unwanted detail and portray only what is relevant. c.

The reader needs to have visual access to the interior workings of a mechanism or object. d.

The writer needs to provide a simplification of a drawing.

Correct Answer: D 30.

A drawing is best suited for which situation? a.

The reader must have an exact, strictly accurate representation of a person or thing. b.

The writer wants to omit unwanted detail and portray only what is relevant. c.

The reader needs to have visual access to the interior workings of a mechanism or object. d.

The writer needs to provide a simplification of a drawing.

Correct Answer: B 31.

Which of the following statements applies to drawings? a.

They usually require advanced familiarity on the reader’s part. b.

They are best suited for technicians and other specialists. c.

They provide a realistic but simplified depiction of an object. d.

They should never be combined with graphs or charts.

Correct Answer: C 32.

Which of the following statements applies to diagrams? a.

They usually require advanced familiarity on the reader’s part. b.

They are best suited for non-specialists. c.

They provide a realistic depiction of the object under discussion. d.

They do not require a label, number, or title.

Correct Answer: A 22 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

33.

Which of the following is a correct statement about clip art? a.

Its use has been almost entirely replaced by hard-copy drawings. b.

A watermark on an image indicates that it is free to use. c.

Using a clip art image in a workplace presentation is considered noncommercial use. d.

Any clip art that can be downloaded from the Internet is considered royalty-free.

Correct Answer: C 34.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the horizontal axis in a line graph? a.

It is also called the y-axis. b.

It identifies the categories of information that are being compared. c.

It identifies the dependent variables. d.

It is an optional element.

Correct Answer: B 35.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the vertical axis in a line graph? a.

It is also called the y-axis. b.

It identifies the categories of information that are being compared. c.

It identifies the fixed, or independent, variables. d.

It is also called the x-axis.

Correct Answer: A SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

36.

Identify examples of three different types of visuals used in one of your textbooks, preferably a textbook on a technical subject. Write a brief explanation of why you think each type of visual was chosen by the author for its particular use. If you think a different type of visual would have worked better, explain why.

37.

Prepare a two- or three-page proposal for a writing project or other major academic project that you need to complete this semester. Include a Gantt chart to outline the timetable for various steps of the project.

38.

Write a two- or three-page report comparing the use of visuals in the annual reports of two different companies in the same industry. A selection of annual reports can be found at http://www.annualreports.com/.

39.

Visit your library or a bookstore and examine a reference book (such as an almanac) designed for elementary school children. Write a two- or three-page report on strategies used to adapt visuals to this readership. In particular, what types of visuals are used most often, and do the authors prepare them in any particular way to make them more understandable and appealing to a younger, less technically inclined audience?

23 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

40.

Write a two- to three-page set of instructions on one of the following processes: (a) how to insert video, clip art, and photographs into a presentation using software such as Microsoft PowerPoint; or (b) how to convert the data in a spreadsheet file (such as a Microsoft Excel file) into a graph or chart. Include screenshots from the software to help illustrate the process.

24 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 4 Short Reports: Page Design, Formats, and Types MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

Which of the following is the most legible type size? a.

9-point type b.

10-point type c.

11-point type d.

12-point type

Correct Answer: D 2.

Which of the following is the most legible typeface? a. all uppercase letters b. a mixture of uppercase and lowercase letters c. all lowercase letters d. italics

Correct Answer: B 3.

Which of the following is recommended for margins? a.

The top and bottom margins should be at least 1 inch and the side margins 1.25 inches. b.

The top and bottom margins should be at least 1.25 inches and the side margins 1 inch. c.

All margins should be 1 inch. d.

All margins should be 1.25 inches.

Correct Answer: A 4.

Which of the following is recommended for margins? a.

Only the right margin should be justified. b.

Both the right and the left margin should be justified. c.

Only the left margin should be justified. d.

Neither the right nor left margin should be justified.

Correct Answer: C 5.

Which of the following is a correct statement about paragraphs in most workplace writing? a.

Each paragraph should be a maximum of eight or nine sentences. b.

Each paragraph should be a maximum of two or three sentences. c.

Each paragraph should be a maximum of ten or eleven sentences. d.

Each paragraph should be a maximum of five or six sentences.

Correct Answer: D

25 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.

Which of the following is a correct statement about paragraphs in most workplace writing? a.

If each paragraph is single-spaced, use double-spacing between them. b.

If each paragraph is single-spaced, use single-spacing between them. c.

If each paragraph is double-spaced, use double-spacing between them. d.

If each paragraph is single-spaced, use triple-spacing between them.

Correct Answer: A 7.

Which of the following is a correct statement about headings? a.

Ordinarily, a heading consists of a complete sentence. b.

Ordinarily, all headings should be in the same position. c.

Instructional materials never use questions as headings. d.

Headings allow a reader to skim a report for specific information.

Correct Answer: D 8.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a major heading? a.

It is set in boldface caps, flush with the left margin. b.

It is set in boldface caps and centered. c.

It is set in boldface, both uppercase and lowercase letters, and centered. d.

It is set in boldface, both uppercase and lowercase letters, and flush with the left margin.

Correct Answer: B 9.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a secondary heading? a.

It is set in boldface print, flush with the left margin. b.

It is set in boldface print and centered. c.

It is set in italicized print and centered. d.

It is set in italicized print, flush with the left margin.

Correct Answer: A 10.

The Gregg Reference Manual recommends which of the following? a.

Limit a report to no more than two levels of headings. b.

Limit a report to no more than three levels of headings. c.

Limit a report to no more than four levels of headings. d.

Limit a report to no more than five levels of headings.

Correct Answer: B 11.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a numbered list? a.

Items in the list should be numbered in ascending order of importance. b.

Numbers are necessary in a list of approximately equal items. c.

Chronological items should be arranged in reverse order, with dates in parentheses. d.

Bullets, dashes, and asterisks are acceptable replacements for numbers in a list of approximately equal items.

26 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: D 12.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of page design options? a.

Most page design options must be arranged through a commercial print shop. b.

Writers should avoid formatting pages in columns or other spatial arrangements. c.

Page design options should often function simply as decoration. d.

The comprehension of text is affected by its arrangement on the page.

Correct Answer: D 13.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a memo report? a.

It resembles a short term paper and includes a title page. b.

It is formatted like a conventional external business letter, except divided into labeled sections. c.

It is typically used for in-house purposes. d.

It is typically distributed in hard copy.

Correct Answer: C 14.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a letter report? a.

It resembles a short term paper and includes a title page. b.

It is formatted like a conventional business letter, except divided into labeled sections. c.

It is typically used for in-house purposes. d.

The writer should avoid using visuals.

Correct Answer: B 15.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a booklet report? a.

It resembles a short term paper and includes a title page. b.

It is formatted like a conventional business letter, except divided into labeled sections. c.

It is typically used only for in-house purposes. d.

It must be distributed on paper rather than electronically.

Correct Answer: A 16.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a booklet report? a.

The content should be presented without section breaks. b.

It does not require a cover memo or cover letter. c.

It may be used for either in-house or outside purposes. d.

It must be sent electronically.

Correct Answer: C 17.

An incident report is best suited to which type of purpose or topic? a. providing information about the status of an ongoing project or activity b. creating a written record of a troublesome occurrence c. urging that certain procedures be adopted or rejected 27 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

d.

summarizing the result of business travel

Correct Answer: B 18.

A progress report is best suited to which type of purpose or topic? a. providing information about the status of an ongoing project or activity b. creating a written record of a troublesome occurrence c. urging that certain procedures be adopted or rejected d. summarizing the result of business travel

Correct Answer: A 19.

A recommendation report is best suited to which type of purpose or topic? a. providing information about the status of an ongoing project or activity b. creating a written record of a troublesome occurrence c. urging that certain procedures be adopted or rejected d. summarizing the result of business travel

Correct Answer: C 20.

Which of the following should be included in an incident report? a. verbatim comments of obviously angry persons b. names of the person(s) involved in the incident, including onlookers c. comments unrelated to the incident d. witnesses’ comments reported as facts

Correct Answer: B 21.

Which of the following is a correct statement about an incident report? a.

Qualifiers such as ―maybe‖ and ―it appears‖ should be used. b.

Qualifiers such as ―maybe‖ and ―it appears‖ should be avoided, in favor of definite language. c.

While comments of witnesses to the incident should be included, it is not necessary to identify who made each comment. d.

Include all angry outbursts by those involved.

Correct Answer: A 22.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a progress report? a.

It is submitted only if specifically requested. b.

The typical reader is a frontline worker in the organization. c.

The language tends to be fairly technical. d.

Its middle sections describe work completed, work remaining, and problems.

Correct Answer: D 23.

Which of the following is an expected component of a progress report? a. an organization chart b. a list of materials being used in the project c. identification of any delays, cost overruns, or other unanticipated difficulties 28 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

d.

a detailed list of personnel involved

Correct Answer: C 24.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a recommendation report? a.

It is primarily informative rather than persuasive. b.

It is primarily persuasive rather than informative. c.

The typical audience is frontline workers. d.

The writer should provide detailed criticism of the present circumstances.

Correct Answer: B 25.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a travel report? a.

Cost accounting is usually required only for routine travel. b.

More detail is required if readers other than the supervisor will have access to the report. c.

Travel reports are required only for trips related to professional development, not for travel related to the performance of routine duties. d.

A trip to a convention typically does not require a travel report.

Correct Answer: B 26.

Which of the following would be out of place in the text of a letter report? a. sender’s complete address b. salutation, followed by a colon c. sender’s signature and full name d.

To and From lines

Correct Answer: D 27.

Which of the following is true of a letter report? a.

The writer should avoid using visuals. b.

The report should follow the full block format. c.

The tone should be extremely formal. d.

The tone should be very conversational.

Correct Answer: B 28.

Which of the following would be out of place in the text of a memo report? a.

To line b.

From line c. date d. complimentary close

Correct Answer: D 29.

Which of the following is true of a memo report? a.

The writer should use visuals where necessary to clarify the text. b.

The content should be presented in one section, without subheadings or additional labels.

29 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

c. d.

The tone should be neither too formal nor too conversational.

The first page should include a complimentary close, followed by a comma.

Correct Answer: B 30.

Which of the following is a purpose of an incident report? a. to draw attention to an ongoing inefficiency in the workplace b. to satisfy potential investors in the company c. to guard against legal liability d. to draw attention to an insensitive supervisor

Correct Answer: D 31.

Which of the following is a correct statement about an incident report? a.

The writer should make recommendations about how to change the environment in which the incident occurred. b.

The writer should attempt to assign blame or highlight incompetence on the part of employees involved in the incident. c.

The writer should report verbatim the remarks of persons who are angry or distraught. d.

The writer should speculate about who was at fault.

Correct Answer: A 32.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a recommendation report? a.

The writer should focus most of the discussion on an in-depth analysis of the current problem or situation. b.

The writer should attempt to get a written request from the individual who wants the report. c.

It is among the easiest types of reports to write. d.

It is informative, rather than persuasive.

Correct Answer: B 33.

The conclusion of a progress report should do which of the following? a. summarize the status of the project b. review the objectives of the project c. alert the reader to any new developments since the previous project report d. provide context and background

Correct Answer: A 34.

What is the most appropriate use for a bulleted list? a. to present a chronological sequence of events b. to present items in a list of most to least important c. to present items in a list of least to most important d. to present items of relatively equal importance

Correct Answer: D

30 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

35.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a memo report? a.

It is typically longer than a conventional memo. b.

It is typically used for outside readers. c.

It requires a complimentary close. d.

The writer should avoid using visuals.

Correct Answer: A SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

36.

Prepare a two- or three-page progress report relating to a writing project or other major academic project due during the academic term.

37.

Locate a copy of the most recent Clery Act Report (campus security report) for your campus. Write a two- or three-page analysis of the use of formatting in the report and its overall organization, noting any strategies discussed in the text that are also used in the report. Include a copy of the report with your analysis.

38.

Visit the website for your academic department or for a course you are taking. Analyze the use of formatting on the website, and write a two- or three-page report that describes both effective and ineffective features of formatting.

39.

Locate the templates for reports in the word-processing program that you use or in an online source that offers templates for software like Microsoft Word. Analyze the format and content features in the templates and write a two- or three-page report comparing those features with the ones recommended in the ext.

40.

Locate the annual report for a company in which you are interested in investing or working. Write a two- or three-page report that analyzes the structure of the report and the format features that are used to reinforce structure.

31 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 5 Collateral Advertising: Fliers, Brochures, Newsletters, and Websites MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A billboard is an example of __________. a. collateral advertising b. social media c. conventional advertising d. internal communication

Correct Answer: C 2.

What feature does a magazine advertisement have that collateral advertising does not? a.

A magazine ad is relatively expensive. b.

A magazine ad appears in print rather than in a digital medium. c.

A magazine ad is directed to readers outside the company. d.

A magazine ad uses relatively short sentences and phrases.

Correct Answer: A 3.

Compared to other forms of advertising, collateral advertising has which of the following characteristics? a.

It is low-key and less expensive. b.

It uses print exclusively, rather than digital media. c.

It contains less information than a conventional ad. d.

It is intended primarily for company employees.

Correct Answer: A 4.

Which of the following is the recommended number of typefaces (fonts) on a flier? a. no more than one b. no more than two c. no more than three d. no more than four

Correct Answer: B 5.

The text compares fliers to what other type of communication? a.

PowerPoint slides b. television ads c. websites d. radio ads

Correct Answer: A 6.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for the language on a flier? a.

Use complete sentences.

32 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

Use passive constructions.

Use short, direct phrases.

Use ornate typefaces.

Correct Answer: C 7.

Which of the following is a recommended size for a flier? a.

3 x 5 inches b.

8½ x 11 inches c.

8½ x 14 inches d.

4 x 6 inches

Correct Answer: B 8.

Which of the following is a recommended unfolded size for a brochure? a.

7 x 10 inches b.

16 x 20 inches c.

8½ x 14 inches d.

3½ x 8½ inches

Correct Answer: C 9.

The most common format for a brochure is folded __________. a. twice to create six panels b. three times to create four panels c. once to create six panels d. four times to create three panels

Correct Answer: A 10.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the front panel of a brochure? a.

It serves as the brochure’s cover. b.

It is typically left blank, except for a return address. c.

It should not feature any visuals. d.

It should contain more detail than any other panel.

Correct Answer: A 11.

Which of the following is recommended as a strategy for brochure design? a.

Treat each panel as if it were a miniflier. b.

Put as much information as possible on each panel. c.

Leave the left panel blank except for a return address. d.

Avoid boldface and bulleted lists.

Correct Answer: A 12.

Which of the following is the recommended number of typefaces (fonts) on a brochure? a. no more than one b. no more than two c. no more than three 33 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

d.

no more than four

Correct Answer: B 13.

Which of the following is recommended as a production strategy for brochures? a.

If possible, brochures should be printed in color, on heavier, glossy paper. b.

If possible, brochures should be printed on lightweight paper, to keep costs down. c.

If using a commercial printer, the price per copy generally goes up as the number of copies increases. d.

Desktop publishing is to be avoided because it requires specialized software other than Microsoft Word.

Correct Answer: A 14.

According to the text, a commercial copying service is more cost-effective for printing brochures if you plan to print more than how many copies? a.

100 b.

500 c.

1,000 d.

3,000

Correct Answer: C 15.

An effective strategy for a brochure is to __________. a. use complete sentences only b. include plenty of text on all six panels c. use a combination of sentences and bulleted lists d. emphasize text and de-emphasize visuals

Correct Answer: C 16.

Which of the following is a correct statement about online newsletters? a.

They have become increasingly popular in recent years. b.

Their popularity has diminished in recent years. c.

They cost more to distribute than print versions. d.

They typically contain fewer pages than print versions.

Correct Answer: A 17.

Which of the following describes the standard format for a printed newsletter? a.

It is printed on both sides of 8½″ x 11″ paper, then folded. b.

It is printed on both sides of 8½″ x 17″ paper, then folded. c.

It is printed on both sides of 11″ x 17″ paper, then folded. d.

It is printed on one side of 11″ x 17″ paper, then folded.

Correct Answer: C 18.

A company newsletter __________. a. is typically read only by company employees b. is routinely sent to readers outside the company 34 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

c. d.

is a good outlet for distributing sensitive information to company employees should avoid the use of employee names

Correct Answer: B 19.

Which of the following reflects a recommended strategy for writing a story headline? a.

Use serif type and omit articles. b.

Use sans serif type and omit articles. c.

Use italic type and retain articles. d.

Use sans serif type and retain articles.

Correct Answer: B 20.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of all capital letters in a headline? a.

The use of all capital letters is recommended, except when a serif typeface is being used. b.

The use of all capital letters is recommended, since the writer does not have to decide what to capitalize. c.

The use of all capital letters is not recommended; instead, the writer should capitalize only the first letter of important words. d.

The use of all capital letters is not recommended; instead, the writer should capitalize only the first letter of the first word in the headline.

Correct Answer: B 21.

Which of the following is recommended for writing headlines? a.

Use present tense and passive verbs. b.

Use past tense and passive verbs. c.

Use past tense and active verbs. d.

Use present tense and active verbs.

Correct Answer: D 22.

Which of the following is recommended as a way of organizing a newsletter story? a.

Reveal the facts in order of importance (i.e., most to least important). b.

Use names only at the very end of the story. c.

Use names only in the headline of the story. d.

Reveal the facts in reverse order of importance (i.e., least to most important).

Correct Answer: A 23.

Which of the following is recommended as a way to structure a headline? a.

Avoid line breaks in a headline if at all possible. b.

Make a line break after every three words. c.

Make line breaks that keep related words together. d.

Make no more than one line break per headline.

Correct Answer: C

35 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

24.

Which of the following is a correct statement about punctuating a headline? a.

Most punctuation should be omitted. b.

A semicolon can substitute for ―and.‖ c.

A comma can substitute for ―says.‖ d.

Try to use at least one exclamation point per page, in order to build reader interest.

Correct Answer: A 25.

A typical print newsletter follows which format? a. three pages, each with four vertical columns b. four pages, each with three vertical columns c. six pages, each with three vertical columns d. five pages, each with two vertical columns

Correct Answer: B 26.

Which of the following is a correct statement about photo captions? a.

Captions should be written in the compressed style appropriate for headlines. b.

Newsletter photos typically do not require captions. c.

Only photographs of people require captions. d.

Captions should be written in conventional English.

Correct Answer: D 27.

Which of the following is a correct statement about journalistic writing? a.

Five- to six-sentence paragraphs are the norm. b.

Nine- to ten-sentence paragraphs are the norm. c.

Two- to three-sentence paragraphs are the norm. d.

Each paragraph must have more than one sentence.

Correct Answer: C 28.

Assume that Chris Yankofsky has been named the regional sales manager. Which of the following headlines is the best expression of this news? a. ―REGIONAL SALES MANAGER WAS JUST ANNOUNCED‖ b. ―YANKOFSKY NAMED REGIONAL SALES MANAGER‖ c. ―YANKOFSKY HAS BEEN NAMED REGIONAL SALES MANAGER‖ d. ―REGIONAL SALES MANAGER ANNOUNCED‖

Correct Answer: B 29.

The opening sentence of a journalism story __________. a. is called the ―lead‖ b. is called the ―serif‖ c. should never exceed ten words d. should be written in a passive construction

Correct Answer: A 30.

Responsive Web Design refers to __________.

36 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

a. b. c. d.

the fact that web readers tend to skim and scan rather than reading sequentially a system for adapting web content to the screen size of the device being used a set of guidelines for adapting content to audiences of different ages and genders the use of commercial templates to design a website

Correct Answer: B 31.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for a website? a.

Use clichés, metaphors, and figures of speech generously. b.

Use passive voice. c.

Use relatively short sentences. d.

Avoid bulleted lists.

Correct Answer: C 32.

Readers of a website tend to __________. a. start in the upper left part of the screen and proceed left to right, top to bottom, to the end b. skim and scan, not necessarily in any particular order c. read sequentially, in linear progression d. start at the bottom of the screen and then return to the top of the screen

Correct Answer: B 33.

Website design is typically __________. a. the product of a single individual b. accomplished without human intervention c. the product of a team whose skills lie within the same specialization d. the product of a team whose skills cover a range of specializations

Correct Answer: D 34.

Which of the following best states the overriding principle when writing for a website? a.

Strive for compression. b.

Chunk information into units of six to seven sentences. c.

Use highly metaphorical language, including figures of speech. d.

Use passive voice to achieve an ―official,‖ businesslike tone.

Correct Answer: A 35.

A good guideline for maximum page length in a website that will be read on a conventional computer screen is __________. a. less than 1 screen b.

1 screen c.

1½ screens d.

2 screens

Correct Answer: C SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

37 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

36.

Prepare a two- or three-page report analyzing the format of a recent issue of a newsletter for a company or organization at which you work or are interested in working. Focus on design issues such as how many columns each page is divided into, how frequently photographs appear, and so forth.

37.

Many academic departments publish a newsletter at least once a semester. Write a twoor three-page report explaining the potential audience groups for such a newsletter.

38.

If your academic department publishes a newsletter, write a two- or three-page report explaining how the content of a recent issue reflects the potential audience groups that you identified in question 37.

39.

Prepare a two- or three-page report describing the content of the website for a company or organization at which you work or are interested in working. If the company is a large one, focus on the department or division in which you are most interested.

40.

Assume that you want to design a brochure to publicize your academic department to local high school seniors. Write an outline of the major sections of the brochure, and draft the information that you would place into each section.

38 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 6 Instructions: Guidelines, Alerts, and Procedure Descriptions MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

Which of the following is a correct statement? a.

Both instructions and procedure descriptions are best written in the passive voice. b.

The purpose of a procedure description is to enable the reader to perform a particular procedure. c.

The purpose of instructions is to enable the reader to perform a particular procedure. d.

Photographs are usually the best type of visual to illustrate a procedure description.

Correct Answer: C 2.

Which of the following is crucial to writing effective instructions and procedure descriptions? a. marketing analysis b. audience analysis c. functional entropy d. budget analysis

Correct Answer: B 3.

The two main types of instructions are a. general and specific b. alphabetic and numerative c. descriptive and evaluative d. visual and auditory

Correct Answer: A 4.

A set of instructions on how to cut hair would be which of the following? a. general b. specific c. symptomatic d. contextual

Correct Answer: A 5.

A set of instructions on how to cut hair using a set of Oster double-bladed clippers would be which of the following? a. general b. specific c. symptomatic d. variable 39 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: B 6.

Which of the following would be out of place in a list of instructions? a. a brief history of the product b. list of materials, equipment, tools, and skills required c. detailed explanations of the actual instructions d. one or more visuals

Correct Answer: A 7.

Instructions are __________. a. among the most difficult types of writing to compose b. rarely accompanied by visuals c. rarely more than three pages d. usually written for nontechnical audiences

Correct Answer: A 8.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for presenting the steps in a set of instructions? a.

Begin each step with ―You.‖ b.

Begin each step with a verb. c.

Italicize each step. d.

Begin each step with a bullet.

Correct Answer: B 9.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for presenting the steps in a set of instructions? a.

Use ―recipe shorthand.‖ b.

Omit small words such as ―a,‖ ―an,‖ and ―the.‖ c.

Limit each step to one action, unless the steps are closely related. d.

Put each step in capital letters.

Correct Answer: C 10.

―Recipe shorthand‖ refers to which of the following? a. omitting small words such as ―a,‖ ―an,‖ and ―the‖ b. beginning each step with a number c. combining related steps under the same number d. beginning each step with a bullet

Correct Answer: A 11.

Complicated procedures __________. a. may require a long list of steps b. should be left unnumbered c. should be written in the passive voice d. should be performed simultaneously 40 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: A 12.

Which of the following is recommended if two actions must be performed simultaneously? a.

Present the actions sequentially, using a number and then a lettered subdivision under the number. b.

Present the actions sequentially, using numbers at the same level. c.

Present the actions together in the same numbered instruction. d.

Reconfigure the apparatus being described so that the actions do not have to be performed simultaneously.

Correct Answer: C 13.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the conclusion of a set of instructions? a.

It should contain all visuals necessary to understand the instructions. b.

It is not necessary and should be avoided. c.

It frequently takes the form of a troubleshooting section. d.

It should contain any warnings associated with the procedure.

Correct Answer: C 14.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a fault table? a.

It is a way to present troubleshooting information. b.

It frequently occurs at the beginning of a set of instructions. c.

It should be avoided since it implies there can be trouble with a product. d.

It says that the manufacturer accepts responsibility if the customer is displeased with the product.

Correct Answer: A 15.

A fault table typically has how many columns? a. one b. two c. three d. four

Correct Answer: C 16.

Which of the following is a type of visual commonly found in instructions? a. a photograph of the manufacturer’s chief executive officer b. a line drawing c. an organization chart d. a circle chart

Correct Answer: B 17.

Which of the following is a type of visual commonly found in instructions? a. multiple bar graph 41 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

multiple line graph exploded view Gantt chart

Correct Answer: C 18.

Which of the following is recommended for a precise operation involving the manipulation of small parts? a. a conventional flowchart b. a close-up photograph or line drawing of someone’s hands performing the operation c. a cutaway diagram d. a Gantt chart

Correct Answer: B 19.

Which of the following is a trend in instructions designed to accompany products? a. visuals alone b. visuals with maximized text c. minimal text without visuals d. increasing amounts of text

Correct Answer: A 20.

Which of the following is recommended for field-testing a set of instructions you have created? a.

Have someone familiar with the procedure attempt to perform it without the instructions. b.

Remove the visuals and have someone unfamiliar with the procedure attempt to perform it using only the verbal portion of the instructions. c.

Have someone unfamiliar with the procedure attempt to perform it using both the verbal and visual portions of the instructions. d.

Provide assistance if the person doing the field-testing expresses uncertainty.

Correct Answer: C 21.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a procedure description? a.

The reader does not necessarily have to perform the procedure. b.

It is essentially persuasive in nature. c.

It typically does not include visuals. d.

Each step should begin with a verb.

Correct Answer: A 22.

Which of the following is a correct statement about parallel structure? a.

It should be avoided in both instructions and procedures. b.

Parallel structure requires active verbs. c.

Parallel structure requires passive verbs. d.

It should be used when phrasing a stage-by-stage explanation.

42 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: D 23.

Which of the following is a typical feature of a procedure description? a. use of imperative (―command‖) sentence structure b. a list of required texts c. comparisons and analogies d. troubleshooting steps

Correct Answer: C 24.

Which of the following is a correct statement about passive verbs? a.

They are appropriate when you want to emphasize the human agent performing a procedure. b.

They are appropriate when you want to emphasize the procedure itself rather than a human agent. c.

They are never appropriate for a procedure description. d.

They cannot be presented in parallel structure.

Correct Answer: B 25.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for emphasizing the human agent performing a procedure? a.

Number the steps in the procedure. b.

Use active verbs. c.

Use passive verbs. d.

Use transitions.

Correct Answer: B 26.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of transitions when describing a procedure? a.

They can reveal relationships among the stages of the procedure. b.

Their primary purpose is to express emotion. c.

They should be used only in the introductory section. d.

They are rarely necessary.

Correct Answer: A 27.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy if a serious hazard exists? a.

Use large print immediately after the danger point is reached. b.

Alert the reader before the danger point is reached. c.

Avoid boldface or underlining, since they are distracting to the reader. d.

Put the hazard in the middle of a long paragraph, to de-emphasize any danger associated with the product.

Correct Answer: B 28.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a ―Caution‖ alert? a.

It alerts the reader to the risk of equipment failure or damage.

43 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

It alerts the reader to the possibility of serious injury or death.

It alerts the reader to the probability of death.

It is the highest level of hazard alert.

Correct Answer: A 29.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a ―Danger‖ alert? a.

It alerts the reader to the risk of equipment failure or damage. b.

It alerts the reader to the possibility of equipment damage, serious injury, or death. c.

It alerts the reader to the probability of serious injury or death. d.

It alerts the reader to the possibility of psychological distress.

Correct Answer: C 30.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a ―Warning‖ alert? a.

It alerts the reader to the risk of equipment failure or damage. b.

It alerts the reader to the possibility of equipment damage, serious injury, or death. c.

It alerts the reader to the probability of serious injury or death. d.

It alerts the reader to the possibility of psychological distress.

Correct Answer: B 31.

Consider the following passage from the instructions for cleaning a jetted bathtub: ―Do not use powdered cleansers unless the cleanser is fully dissolved in water.

Solid substances could block the air jets.‖ Which type of alert does this passage illustrate? a. caution b. danger c. warning d. corrective

Correct Answer: A 32.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a hazard icon? a.

It should not be used if there is a written description of the hazard. b.

It is often displayed in red for added impact. c.

It alerts the reader about how to repair damage to equipment. d.

It contains a detailed written description of the hazard.

Correct Answer: B 33.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a hazard alert? a.

You do not have to include an alert if the hazard is obvious to you; in such cases, it should also be obvious to the reader. b.

A hazard alert may help minimize legal liability in the case of a mishap. c.

For best results, use either a written hazard alert or a hazard icon, but not both. d.

It is optional if the likely user of the product is an adult.

44 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: B 34.

Consider the following passage from the instructions for installing a sink faucet: ―Always turn water supply OFF before removing existing faucet or disassembling the valve.‖ Which type of alert does this passage illustrate? a. caution b. danger c. warning d. corrective

Correct Answer: A 35.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of product instructions with minimal or no text? a.

This trend is likely to grow as we move closer to a global economy. b.

They are designed to accommodate consumers from a single culture. c.

They should be field-tested by someone familiar with the product. d.

They are becoming less important because of the move to a global economy.

Correct Answer: A SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

36.

Visit the website of a major manufacturer of appliances or similar consumer products and locate at least two manuals for a product that requires installation.

Prepare a two- or three-page report describing and comparing the writing strategies used to present the steps in the installation process.

37.

Based on the same documents that you located for question 36, prepare a two- or three- page progress report describing the visuals used to illustrate the manuals.

Include some evaluation of the effectiveness of each visual.

38.

Based on the same documents that you located for question 36, prepare a two- or three- page progress report describing strategies used for the overall organization of information in the manuals.

39.

Based on the same documents that you located for question 36, prepare a two- or three- page progress report describing the visual and verbal strategies used to convey hazard alerts in the manuals Also explain whether the manuals distinguish among caution, warning, and danger types of alerts, or whether they seem to use some other classification system.

40.

Prepare a procedure description for a process in your academic field.

45 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 7 Job Application Process: Online Search, Cover E-mail, Résumé, Interview, and Follow-Up MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

In general, less desirable employment positions __________. a. require a cover e-mail b. require a résumé c. require the applicant to fill in a questionnaire d. are found through networking

Correct Answer: C 2.

Which of the following is one purpose of requiring a cover e-mail and résumé? a.

It allows employers to be less selective. b.

It allows employers to eliminate applicants who are unable to compose a cover email and résumé. c.

It allows applicants who are less skilled in technology to compete on equal terms with applicants who are more skilled. d.

It allows employers to bypass the interview stage.

Correct Answer: B 3.

Which of the following is a correct statement about job application correspondence? a.

Format is unimportant, since most applications are completed online. b.

Mechanical errors are unimportant, since most applications are initially screened by a software program. c.

Cover e-mails and résumés with errors or poor formatting are likely to be rejected immediately. d.

The employer is required by law to include the name and title of the contact person in a job posting.

Correct Answer: C 4.

A cover e-mail should __________. a. begin with the salutation ―Dear Sir or Madam‖ b. have a three-part organization c. omit a complimentary close d. go into detail about dates of employment

Correct Answer: B 5.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the preferred format for a cover email? a.

Use a salutation followed by a colon. b.

Use an ―all caps‖ inside address.

46 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

c. d.

Omit any complimentary close.

Provide enough detail to take up at least two screens of a standard computer monitor.

Correct Answer: A 6.

If a job posting provides the job title but not the name of the individual to whom you should respond, which strategy does the text recommend? a.

Use the job title (e.g., ―Dear Hiring Manager‖). b.

Do not use a salutation line at all. c.

Use ―To Whom It May Concern.‖ d.

Use ―Dear Sir or Madam.‖

Correct Answer: A 7.

If a job posting does not reveal the name or job title of a contact person, which strategy does the text recommend? a.

Address the letter to ―Dear Sir.‖ b.

Address the letter to ―Dear Sir or Madam.‖ c.

Address the letter to ―Dear Employer.‖ d.

Address the letter to ―To Whom It May Concern.‖

Correct Answer: C 8.

The opening paragraph of a cover e-mail should always do which of the following? a.

Request an interview. b.

Mention the specific job title in which you are interested. c.

Mention any specialized licenses that you hold. d.

Mention any foreign languages in which you are fluent.

Correct Answer: B 9.

If you learned of a job opening by word of mouth, you should __________. a. avoid mentioning this fact b. mention the name of the person who told you, if you have their permission c. send your cover e-mail directly to the person who told you about the opening, but send your résumé to the hiring manager d. wait for the person who told you about the opening to contact you further

Correct Answer: B 10.

What is the recommended length for the middle section of a cover e-mail? a. no more than one paragraph b. no more than two paragraphs c. one to three paragraphs d. two to four paragraphs

Correct Answer: C

47 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the middle section of a cover email? a.

It should include dates of employment. b.

It should include addresses for your references. c.

It should mention noteworthy attributes like foreign language skills. d.

It should request an interview.

Correct Answer: C 12.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the middle section of a cover email? a.

It should mention weaknesses, since many employers ask about these in the job interview. b.

It should be written using predominantly passive verbs. c.

It should emphasize a ―you‖ approach. d.

It should use a bullet-point format.

Correct Answer: C 13.

Which of the following should the closing paragraph of an application letter do? a. thank the employer for considering you b. ask the employer directly to hire you for the position c. mention any friends who work at the company d. restate how you learned about the job opening

Correct Answer: A 14.

Which of the following would be out of place as a category of information on a résumé? a. contact information b. professional profile c. military service d. family details such as marital status and number of children

Correct Answer: D 15.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a résumé? a.

The most important category of your qualifications should be emphasized. b.

Both work experience and education should receive equal emphasis. c.

Education should always be emphasized over work experience. d.

Work experience should always be emphasized over education.

Correct Answer: A 16.

The most traditional and easiest to prepare résumé __________. a. begins with personal information such as religion b. includes high school classes as well as college-level classes c. uses reverse chronological order in categories such as Education and Work Experience d. uses chronological order in categories such as Education and Work Experience 48 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: C 17.

Which of the following is recommended about a résumé to be posted to the Internet in a scannable format? a.

Use two spaces after periods and other end punctuation. b.

Center all text. c.

Use a conventional 12-point font throughout. d.

Omit any reference to your LinkedIn URL.

Correct Answer: C 18.

Which of the following would be out of place on a résumé? a. professional profile b. e-mail address c. phone number d.

Social Security number

Correct Answer: D 19.

Which of the following should be included on a résumé? a. birth date b. software skills c. marital status d. political affiliation

Correct Answer: B 20.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Education section of a résumé? a.

High school education is typically not included. b.

Dates of attendance should be listed in chronological order. c.

Only those degrees that you have actually received should be mentioned, not those in progress. d.

As many specific classes as possible should be listed.

Correct Answer: A 21.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Professional Profile section of a résumé? a.

Most employers prefer that you omit it. b.

It should be tailored to each specific job. c.

It is typically six to eight sentences long. d.

Students in business fields should always include it, but those in the sciences should not.

Correct Answer: B 22.

On a reverse chronological résumé, how should you list the positions you have held? a. current or most recent first, then going backward in time b. earliest first, then going forward in time 49 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

c. d.

alphabetical least to most important

Correct Answer: A 23.

The best use of the Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook is to __________. a. find generic information about a job title b. convert a paper résumé to a scannable résumé c. find the name of the contact person for a particular company d. search for specific job openings currently available in your city

Correct Answer: A 24.

When visiting an employer’s office for an interview, __________. a. leave all electronic devices at home or in your car b. bring a portfolio folder with several unfolded copies of your résumé c. place all personal items on the interviewer’s desk d. quietly chew gum, to keep your mouth moistened and your breath fresh

Correct Answer: B 25.

A keyword-loaded section is associated with __________. a. the Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook b.

Monster.com c.

LinkedIn d. a scannable résumé

Correct Answer: D 26.

During an interview by video call (e.g., via Skype), __________. a. sit with your back to a window or lamp b. look directly at the camera c. look at your own picture on the screen d. use a keyboard to type any notes you take during the interview

Correct Answer: B 27.

A creatively formatted paper résumé __________. a. may appear jumbled or illegible if submitted electronically b. will usually hold its formatting if submitted electronically c. is preferable to an online résumé for most employers d. is recommended for online applications by many career counselors

Correct Answer: A 28.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a reverse chronological résumé? a.

Details about education are presented in reverse chronological order, while details about work experience are presented in chronological order.

50 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

Details about education are presented in chronological order, while details about work experience are presented in reverse chronological order.

Details about both education and work experience are presented in reverse chronological order.

Details about both education and work experience are presented in chronological order.

Correct Answer: C 29.

Which strategy is recommended if you have held many different jobs, some for short periods? a.

List the name, address, dates, job title, and duties for all jobs, even those you have held for only a short time. b.

List the name, address, dates, job title, and duties for only the most important jobs; omit the other jobs or combine them together in a one-sentence summary. c.

List the name, address, dates, and job title for all jobs, but list the duties for only the most important jobs. d.

List the name, address, and dates for all jobs, but list the job title and duties for only the most important jobs.

Correct Answer: B 30.

Which of the following is a correct statement about résumé content? a.

Volunteer work in community organizations should be listed, since it may demonstrate your ability to work well with others. b.

Applicants should list the names and contact information for three references. c.

A Computer Skills section is not needed, since employers assume that all applicants today have computer literacy. d.

Most employers expect a résumé to be at least two pages when printed out.

Correct Answer: A 31.

Which of the following is recommended as a strategy about references? a.

Most employers require applicants to list the names of references on their résumés. b.

Avoid using teachers and former supervisors as references. c.

Ask each reference if he or she is willing to send you a copy of the recommendation that will be sent to the employer. d.

Family members are usually the best choices, since you can be assured of a favorable recommendation from them.

Correct Answer: C 32.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a scannable résumé? a.

It should always be sent as a Word document or PDF file. b.

It should include attachments such as pictures and graphics. c.

It can use the same format enhancements that a traditional paper résumé would use. d.

Most companies prefer applicants to mail in a paper copy of their résumé.

51 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: A 33.

A seemingly hostile or confrontational question from an interviewer (such as ―Why aren’t your grades higher?‖) __________. a. may be designed to judge how well you perform under pressure b. should be reported to the company’s human resources department c. is illegal d. is best countered with a joke

Correct Answer: A 34.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy when dressing for an interview? a.

Wear approximately what you would if you were reporting for work, or a step up. b.

Wear extremely ―dressed-up‖ clothing, regardless of the job you are interviewing for. c.

Wear ―business casual‖ clothing, regardless of the job you are interviewing for. d.

If you normally wear nose and eyebrow rings or tongue studs, go ahead and wear them.

Correct Answer: A 35.

A follow-up note after an interview __________. a. should be sent 10 to 14 days after the interview b. should be no more than one sentence c. can serve as a tie-breaker among comparably qualified applicants d. must be mailed as a paper copy

Correct Answer: C SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

36.

Analyze your publicly viewable social media and Internet content (Facebook, Twitter, personal website, etc.), or that of a classmate, from the perspective of a potential employer. In particular, explain whether there any photographs, comments, or other types of material that should be eliminated or revised to convey a more professional impression to potential employers.

37.

If you have selected the major in which you intend to pursue a career, interview your academic advisor about how the hiring and interview process in your field is typically conducted.

38.

If your university holds a career fair or similar event where employers visit campus, interview a more advanced student who has participated in the career fair. Report back to your classmates on the student’s experiences. Include details such as where the

52 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

meetings took place, how students were expected to be dressed, what materials they were expected to bring, and so forth.

39.

Many universities now sponsor etiquette workshops to prepare students for social events such as dinners that may occur during a formal interview. If your university sponsors such a workshop, attend it and write a report for your classmates about the major points that were covered.

40.

Write a summary of the volunteer, community, and service activities in which you have been involved during high school or college, and explain how each activity could be used to support your education and paid work experience as you prepare your application and interview materials.

53 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 8 Oral Presentations: Preparation and Delivery MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

The recommended goal for an oral presentation is to cover __________. a. one main point b. two to three main points c. three to five main points d. five to seven main points

Correct Answer: C 2.

The opening of your speech must __________. a. include a clear statement of purpose b. be read from a script c. incorporate an elaborate gesture d. cite a secondary source

Correct Answer: A 3.

Which of the following is a correct statement about note cards? a.

They should be written substantially larger than you normally would write them. b.

They are unnecessary since you should deliver your presentation from a written script. c.

They are unnecessary since you should memorize your presentation. d.

They are unnecessary since you should read your presentation from PowerPoint slides.

Correct Answer: A 4.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for preparing and delivering your speech? a.

Write the entire speech out ahead of time and deliver it by reading the written version. b.

Write the entire speech out ahead of time and deliver it from notes or note cards. c.

Write an outline ahead of time and deliver the speech from the outline. d.

Write down key words ahead of time and make up the speech as you go along.

Correct Answer: B 5.

Which of the following is a correct statement about rehearsing your presentation? a.

It is necessary only if you expect a hostile audience. b.

It is unnecessary for most speakers. c.

It is the least important part of your preparation.

54 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

d.

It is the most important part of your preparation.

Correct Answer: D 6.

Which of the following is a correct statement about rehearsal time compared to actual delivery time? a.

Speeches tend to run the same length in rehearsal and in actuality. b.

Speeches tend to run longer in actuality than in rehearsal. c.

Speeches tend to run shorter in actuality than in rehearsal. d.

There is no predictable relationship between the two.

Correct Answer: C 7.

Which of the following is recommended before you have to give a presentation? a.

Have a glass of wine or beer to help you relax. b.

Go to bed later than usual the night before. c.

Shower. d.

Avoid eating.

Correct Answer: C 8.

What is the recommended way to dress when you have to give a presentation? a.

Wear clothing appropriate for the occasion. b.

Wear brand-new clothing that is more formal than what your audience will be wearing. c.

Wear casual clothing that you are comfortable in, even if your audience will be dressed more formally. d.

Wear a baseball cap with a local sports team logo.

Correct Answer: A 9.

When listening to and evaluating a classmate’s presentation, __________. a. listeners should feel free to check or send text messages, as long as they do so unobtrusively b. the audience’s behavior may influence the speaker’s performance c. evaluators should focus exclusively on areas for improvement d. brutal honesty is the best approach

Correct Answer: B 10.

The conclusion of your presentation should __________. a. end abruptly b. repeat key points c. ask the audience a pertinent question d. be the longest section

Correct Answer: B 11.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for concluding your presentation?

55 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

a. b. c. d.

Increase the volume of your voice, to alert any audience members whose attention may have drifted.

Have an accomplice in the audience ask questions to which you have prepared the responses in advance.

Let your voice gradually fade out, as a way of signaling that the presentation is over.

Read the conclusion verbatim from your final PowerPoint slide.

Correct Answer: B 12.

Which of the following is recommended as the best speaking rate during a presentation? a.

Speak more quickly than usual. b.

Speak more slowly than usual. c.

Speak at a normal rate. d.

Speak more slowly during your introduction and more quickly during your conclusion.

Correct Answer: C 13.

Which of the following is recommended as the best speaking volume during a presentation? a.

Speak more loudly than usual. b.

Speak more softly than usual. c.

Speak at a normal volume. d.

Speak more loudly during your introduction and more softly during your conclusion.

Correct Answer: C 14.

Pay particular attention to which speech sounds when speaking into a microphone? a. ―s‖ and ―z‖ b. ―b‖ and ―p‖ c. ―r‖ and ―t‖ d. ―m‖ and ―n‖

Correct Answer: B 15.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for speaking? a.

Use a somewhat theatrical delivery. b.

Use more examples than usual. c.

Keep your tone of voice unvarying. d.

Use elaborate gestures.

Correct Answer: B 16.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for a presentation? a.

Use everyday conversational mannerisms such as ―y’know‖ and ―um.‖ b.

Use more colorful vernacular such as slang.

56 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

c. d.

Use an occasional expletive.

Use more transitional phrases than usual.

Correct Answer: D 17.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for a presentation? a.

Get rid of any chewing gum long before stepping up to the lectern. b.

Grab the lectern with both hands and lean over it. c.

Fold your arms. d.

Keep your hands in your pockets.

Correct Answer: A 18.

The expectations for how you should dress for a presentation in an academic setting __________. a. are likely to exclude baseball caps b. are more formal than those for an interview c. should be ignored if you feel they’re overly restrictive d. are irrelevant because most presentations are given in a darkened room

Correct Answer: A 19.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for a presentation? a.

Avoid eye contact. b.

As much as possible, look at your audience. c.

Read to your audience from the text of your speech. d.

Click a ballpoint pen occasionally to keep your audience’s attention.

Correct Answer: B 20.

Reading to your audience from the text of your speech __________. a. is boring b. allows you to establish rapport with your audience c. is recommended to avoid any mistakes d. is a good way to establish eye contact

Correct Answer: A 21.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for using note cards? a.

Keep the cards out of the audience’s sight. b.

Avoid note cards and read from a script instead. c.

Shuffle the cards occasionally so that the audience knows you have notes. d.

Avoid note cards and read from PowerPoint slides instead.

Correct Answer: A 22.

A chalkboard or dry-erase board __________. a. should not be used since it will distract the audience b. can help you illustrate key points c. should be faced when you are using it 57 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

d.

should be used only for drawing pictures

Correct Answer: B 23.

When giving a presentation, __________. a. stroll around the lectern approximately once every two minutes b. use a clip to keep your note cards standing straight up on top of the lectern so that you can read them c. touch your face frequently, to draw the audience’s attention to your eyes d. avoid holding the lectern

Correct Answer: D 24.

Which of the following is the recommended size of lettering if your audience is up to 10 feet away? a. ¾ inch b.

1 inch c.

1¼ inches d.

1½ inches

Correct Answer: A 25.

Which of the following is the recommended size of lettering if your audience is up to 20 feet away? a. ¼ inch b.

1 inch c.

1¼ inches d.

1½ inches

Correct Answer: B 26.

Which of the following is the recommended size of lettering if your audience is up to 40 feet away? a. ¼ inch b.

1 inch c.

1¼ inches d.

1½ inches

Correct Answer: D 27.

If you write in letters 2 inches high, you can expect your audience to be able to see them from a maximum of __________. a.

30 feet b.

40 feet c.

50 feet d.

60 feet

Correct Answer: D

58 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

28.

When using PowerPoint slides in a darkened room, __________. a. use a dark plain background with light text b. use a light background with dark text c. use a patterned background with light text d. use a dark textured background with dark text

Correct Answer: B 29.

Which of the following is recommended when evaluating a classmate’s presentation? a.

Begin by discussing weaknesses, then discuss strengths. b.

Begin by discussing strengths, then discuss weaknesses. c.

Discuss only weaknesses. d.

Discuss only strengths.

Correct Answer: B 30.

Which of the following is recommended when using a PowerPoint slide? a.

Use a small font and put as much information on each slide as possible. b.

Use phrases rather than full sentences. c.

Aim for ten main points per slide. d.

Use at least three font styles or sizes per slide.

Correct Answer: B 31.

Which of the following is recommended when using presentation software? a.

Use at least fifteen words per slide. b.

Use a patterned background behind the text. c.

Include no more than five items of information per slide. d.

Use several special effects (such as Fly In) frequently.

Correct Answer: C 32.

A speaker using PowerPoint should __________. a. use the slides as background for a more fully developed presentation b. read directly from the slides c. face the slides while delivering the presentation d. vary formatting features from one slide to the next

Correct Answer: A 33.

For a presentation in a lighted room, __________. a. use a dark plain background with light text b. use a light background with dark text c. use a patterned background with light text d. use a dark textured background with dark text

Correct Answer: A 34.

A presentation should have a maximum of __________ slides. a. ten 59 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

fifteen twenty twenty-five

Correct Answer: D 35.

Which of the following is recommended for an effective PowerPoint presentation? a.

30- to 34-point body text, 44- to 50-point text for headings b.

20- to 24-point body text, 30- to 34-point text for headings c.

40- to 44-point body text, 54- to 60-point text for headings d.

50- to 54-point body text, 60- to 64-point text for headings

Correct Answer: A SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

36.

Using the checklist on page 147 of the text, prepare a written critique of a classmate’s oral presentation. Be sure to mention both positive points and points that can be improved.

37.

Using the tips on page 146 of the text, prepare a written critique of a classmate’s slides for an oral presentation. Be sure to mention both positive points and points that can be improved.

38.

Review the backgrounds available in a copy of PowerPoint. Identify three backgrounds that would be appropriate for your presentation, and explain why you chose them.

39.

Record yourself making a 5- to 10-minute oral presentation based on one of the exercises in the text. If possible, make both a video and audio recording. Then use the evaluation checklist in the text to write a critique of your delivery, noting both positive areas and areas for improvement.

40.

View three talks from the TED conference (available on the Internet) and write a report on different strategies used by speakers to engage their audiences

60 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 9 Proposals: Objectives, Types, and Formats MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

The primary purpose of a proposal is to __________. a. inform b. describe c. persuade d. recommend

Correct Answer: C 2.

A solicited proposal is one that __________. a. will be sent to a reader internal to the writer’s organization b. will be sent to a reader external to the writer’s organization c. has been requested by the reader d. has not been requested by the reader

Correct Answer: C 3.

The two basic kinds of proposals are __________. a. solicited and unsolicited b. long and short c. internal and external d. motivated and unmotivated

Correct Answer: A 4.

RFP stands for __________. a. responding from proposal b. request for proposal c. requirements for project d. realistically formatted proposal

Correct Answer: B 5.

An unsolicited proposal __________. a. originates with the writer b. is less challenging to compose than a solicited proposal c. usually faces competition from other proposal writers d. responds to a request from a subordinate of the reader

Correct Answer: A 6.

A solicited proposal __________. a. usually responds to an RFP b. is more challenging to compose than an unsolicited proposal

61 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

c. d.

requires the proposal writer to make decisions about format, design, and content must be more strategically persuasive than an unsolicited proposal

Correct Answer: A 7.

An RFP __________. a. indicates that a business or agency needs help in identifying a problem to address b. is usually at most one to two paragraphs long c. provides explicit instructions about points that the proposal should address d. leaves it up to the writer to determine the proposal’s length and content

Correct Answer: C 8.

An RFP __________. a. may appear as a government release, in a trade publication, or on the Internet b. is usually conveyed through face-to-face networking c. is usually the means by which an in-house proposal is solicited d. indicates that the company issuing the RFP must be convinced of the importance of the situation to be addressed

Correct Answer: A 9.

Which of the following is a correct statement about an internal proposal? a.

It is usually written in response to a formal RFP. b.

It tends to be shorter than an external proposal. c.

It must be solicited. d.

It requires extensive explanation of the context by the writer.

Correct Answer: B 10.

An unsolicited external proposal __________. a. is motivated primarily by the desire to help the client’s company b. is easier to create than a solicited external proposal c. typically responds to an RFP d. can almost be considered as a form of employment application

Correct Answer: D 11.

Sending a proposal in the form of a memo might be appropriate for __________. a. a solicited external proposal b. an unsolicited external proposal c. a short in-house proposal d. a fully developed external proposal

Correct Answer: C 12.

Which of the following is an objective of a solicited proposal? a. confirm the feasibility and anticipated benefits of a project 62 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

convey a writer-centered tone convince the reader that an important unmet need exists understate the time required for a project

Correct Answer: A 13.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cost of a proposed project? a.

The budget should provide an honest, itemized estimate. b.

The budget should deliberately understate the estimated cost. c.

The budget should deliberately overstate the estimated cost. d.

The budget should not be discussed until the proposal has been accepted by the client.

Correct Answer: A 14.

A Gantt chart might appear in a proposal for which purpose? a. to present an itemized budget b. to provide a timeline for completion of the project c. to list necessary resources, equipment, or support d. to list key personnel

Correct Answer: B 15.

A proposal writer should __________. a. avoid assigning blame for existing difficulties b. identify names and job titles of personnel who have contributed to the existing problem c. keep in mind that proposal writing is fundamentally informative in nature d. convince the reader to dismiss or reassign specific personnel who have contributed to the existing problem

Correct Answer: A 16.

A proposal written at the request of your instructor, seeking approval of your topic for a long report, would be an example of a(n) __________ proposal. a. solicited external b. solicited internal c. unsolicited external d. unsolicited internal

Correct Answer: B 17.

You hold a work-study position in the English department and have an idea about a way to streamline the department’s paper filing system. By putting your idea in a proposal to the department’s office manager, you are submitting a(n) __________ proposal. a. solicited external b. solicited internal c. unsolicited external 63 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

d.

unsolicited internal

Correct Answer: D 18.

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for the language in a proposal? a.

Use primarily passive verbs. b.

Use primarily active verbs. c.

Use highly formal vocabulary. d.

Use writer-centered prose.

Correct Answer: B 19.

Which of the following is true of visuals in a proposal? a.

Most proposals do not include visuals. b.

Visuals should be included only if they are specifically requested by the reader. c.

Visuals from external sources should not be included. d.

Any type of visual that reinforces the proposal may be included.

Correct Answer: D 20.

In the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.1–9.2, which passage indicates that the proposal is a solicited proposal? a. ―My report will focus on the history of each museum, along with its holdings and special features.‖ b. ―Having personally visited each of these sites at least once during family vacations over the past several years . . .‖ c. ―Of course, I can discuss this with you after class or during your office hours in Sisson Hall.‖ d. ―We’ve been assigned to submit a short proposal identifying our choice of topic . . .‖

Correct Answer: D 21.

The memo format used in the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.1–9.2 is appropriate because the proposal is __________. a. solicited b. internal c. unsolicited d. long

Correct Answer: B 22.

The memo format used in the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.3–9.4 is appropriate because the proposal is __________. a. directed to a reader within the same company b. solicited c. unsolicited d. directed to a reader outside the writer’s company 64 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: A 23.

The letter format used in the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.5–9.7 is appropriate because the proposal is __________. a. internal b. solicited c. external d. unsolicited

Correct Answer: C 24.

The italicized material in the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.8–9.20 __________. a. substitutes for a Gantt chart b. is taken from the RFP c. makes the proposal unsolicited d. is a set of instructions to the proposal’s reader

Correct Answer: B 25.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.3–9.4? a.

In order to establish credibility, the writer details her qualifications for completing the project. b.

The writer does not establish a need for the proposed project because the reader is part of the same company. c.

Details about Valla’s Fencing are provided because that company is recommended to complete the project. d.

The fact that Valla’s Fencing will complete the project makes this an external proposal.

Correct Answer: C 26.

In the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.5–9.7, the sentence ―But we have a suggestion about how we could make your grounds even more attractive‖ indicates that the proposal is __________. a. solicited b. concise c. unsolicited d. passive

Correct Answer: C 27.

The paragraph on p. 160 beginning ―All Green Thumb Landscaping and Lawncare jobs‖ relates most closely to __________. a. budget b. timeline c. complimentary close d. qualifications

65 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Correct Answer: D 28.

In the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.8–9.20, the purpose of addressing this particular reader is to __________. a. get permission to complete part of the project b. solicit funds to complete part of the project c. get permission from the Works Project Administration d. hire the reader’s employees to complete the project

Correct Answer: B 29.

The sample proposal shown in Figures 9.8–9.20 contains which type of information? a. an itemized budget b. a highly detailed timeline c. a statement of liability d.

Gantt chart

Correct Answer: A 30.

The title page shown in Figure 9.8 is appropriate because __________. a. the proposal is internal b. the proposal is unsolicited c. the proposal is lengthy d. the writer is employed by the reader

Correct Answer: C 31.

In the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.1–9.2, the sentence ―Having personally visited each of these sites at least once during family vacations over the past several years, I’m well acquainted with the topic and can illustrate the report with photos from my own collection‖ functions as __________. a. an example of a passive verb b. support for the writer’s qualifications for the project c. a substitute for a Gantt chart d. a substitute for an itemized budget

Correct Answer: B 32.

Which of the following would be an appropriate addition to the proposal shown in Figures 9.3–9.4? a. a site plan b. a tentative budget analysis c. a discussion of personnel d. a statement of the writer’s qualifications

Correct Answer: A 33.

In the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.5–9.7, the phrase ―to help improve health following damage from site conditions, insects, and disease‖ provides __________.

66 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

a. b. c. d.

a rationale for the Soil Management phase of the project the writer’s credentials for completing the project a timeline for the project a response to a specific requirement mentioned in the reader’s RFP

Correct Answer: A 34.

A cost/benefit analysis for the sample proposal shown in Figures 9.5–9.7 might take the form of __________. a. providing detailed résumés of the individual workers who will be completing the project b. showing that it costs less to treat the existing trees than to replace them c. showing that it costs more to prevent tree disease than to replace diseased trees d. providing photographs of other similar projects completed by the writer

Correct Answer: B 35.

Compared to other sections of the proposal shown in Figures 9.8–9.20, which section would benefit from additional detail? a. the timeline b. the itemized budget b. the rationale b. the site plan

Correct Answer: A SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

36.

Visit the website for a government granting agency related to your field, such as the National Science Foundation or the National Endowment for the Humanities. Write a two- to three-page report on typical format requirements for proposals submitted to the agency.

37.

Visit the website for a government granting agency related to your field, such as the National Science Foundation or the National Endowment for the Humanities. Write a two- to three-page report on the type of information about personnel qualifications that is required for proposals submitted to the agency.

38.

Visit the website for a government granting agency related to your field, such as the National Science Foundation or the National Endowment for the Humanities. Write a two- to three-page report on the type of information about the project timetable that is required for proposals submitted to the agency.

39.

Using the checklist in your text, evaluate a proposal written by one of your classmates in response to one of the exercises in the text. Be sure to note positive points as well as areas for improvement.

67 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

40.

Interview a faculty member or a professional in your field for information about where and how RFPs for companies in your field are typically published. Write a two- to three-page report based on your interview.

68 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 10 Long Reports: Format, Collaboration, and Documentation MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A report abstract is sometimes called __________. a. a glossary b. a transmittal document c. pagination d. an executive summary

Correct Answer: D 2.

A list of illustrations for a long report __________. a. should be included in the table of contents for the text b. should appear separately from the table of contents for the text c. should appear at the end of the report d. does not need page numbers

Correct Answer: B 3.

Which of the following should be a component of a list of illustrations? a. a thumbnail image of each visual b. a letter assigned to each visual (e.g., ―Visual A‖) c. the page number on which each visual appears d. a rationale for each visual

Correct Answer: C 4.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a glossary? a.

It is required of every long report. b.

It constitutes a ―minidictionary.‖ c.

The terms in it should be arranged according to the chapter in which they appear. d.

Symbols should be listed alphabetically according to the first letter of the symbol’s name.

Correct Answer: B 5.

Which of the following items should appear on the title page for a long report? a. name(s) of all persons who will read the report b. names of the companies or organizations involved c. table of contents d. transmittal e-mail

Correct Answer: B

69 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.

Which of the following is a correct statement about a transmittal document for a long report? a.

It is not required for an in-house report. b.

It should briefly summarize the content of the report. c.

A memo format should be used if the report is being transmitted to outside readers. d.

A letter format should be used if the report is being transmitted to in-house readers.

Correct Answer: B 7.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the visuals in a long report? a.

Every visual must appear on a separate page. b.

Every visual must have a title. c.

The best strategy is to place the visuals in an appendix at the end of the report. d.

The best strategy is to place the visuals in a separate section immediately after the title page of the report.

Correct Answer: B 8.

Which of the following is a correct statement about collaboration? a.

Everyone on the team should assume exactly one role. b.

Everyone on the team should feel that the work has been fairly distributed. c.

Individual preferences should take priority over the group’s collective judgment. d.

There should be several designated team leaders.

Correct Answer: B 9.

Which of the following is a correct statement about collaboration? a.

It rarely occurs in the workplace, except at very high managerial levels. b.

A team leader should serve in a managerial capacity. c.

A group working together will take longer to produce a long report than one person working alone. d.

During a project, the team may never or rarely need to meet to assess its progress.

Correct Answer: B 10.

Which of the following is a responsibility of the team leader for a long report? a. maintaining an accurate master file copy of the evolving document b. delegating managerial authority to at least three other team members c. taking responsibility for any roles that other team members do not want to fill d. training each team member in the art of public speaking

Correct Answer: A 11.

Disagreements or conflict among team members __________. a.

should be mediated by an outside authority 70 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

are rare should be dealt with in a professional and rational manner should be met with an emotional response

Correct Answer: C 12.

Which of the following is recommended as a guideline for interacting with others? a.

Be sure to point out and correct even the smallest details of grammar. b.

If you want to do a task, say ―I’m going to . . .‖ rather than ―If you’d like, I’ll . . .‖ c.

Identify strengths in other people’s work before mentioning weaknesses. d.

Be as vague as possible about your criticisms.

Correct Answer: C 13.

Which of the following is recommended as a guideline for interacting with others? a.

Identify weaknesses in others’ work before mentioning strengths. b.

Keep any resentments to yourself rather than voicing them directly. c.

Suggest rather than command. d.

Use body language to express disagreement with a team member.

Correct Answer: C 14.

Electronic communication among team members __________. a. should replace frequent face-to-face interaction b. should consist primarily of lengthy comments c. can be facilitated by a virtual conference room or MUD d. should include lengthy, detailed written comments

Correct Answer: C 15.

FTP stands for a. fragmented team protocol b. file transfer protocol c. frequent transfer of priorities d.

Facebook task program

Correct Answer: B 16.

Which of the following is a standard size and font for report text? a.

12-point Times New Roman b.

14-point Times New Roman c.

16-point Helvetica d.

10-point Arial

Correct Answer: A 17.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the spacing of a long report? a.

Drafts are frequently double-spaced, while final versions are often singlespaced.

71 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

Both drafts and final versions are frequently double-spaced.

Both drafts and final versions are frequently single-spaced.

Drafts are frequently single-spaced, while final versions are often doublespaced.

Correct Answer: A 18.

Which of the following is a correct statement about documentation in a long report? a.

Usually either APA or MLA format is used throughout. b.

The text of the report should use MLA format, while the references should be compiled in APA format. c.

The text of the report should use APA format, while the references should be compiled in MLA format. d.

Neither APA nor MLA format should be used for a business report.

Correct Answer: A 19.

Which of the following approaches to collaboration is most common? a.

The whole team writes the report collectively, and then the editor revises the draft and submits it to the group for final approval or additional revisions. b.

One person writes the entire report, and then the group—led by the editor— revises it collectively. c.

Each team member writes one part of the report individually, and then the editor revises each part and submits the complete draft to the whole group for final approval or additional revisions. d.

Each team member writes a report, and then the team leader chooses the best one.

Correct Answer: C 20.

―Documentation‖ refers to __________. a. the formatting of a report (i.e., appearance of headings, margins, and so forth) b. the procedure whereby writers identify the sources of their information c. methods for transferring files electronically so that they can be edited by other team members from a remote location d. having each team member keep track of how much time he or she spent working on the report

Correct Answer: B 21.

Which of the following constitutes plagiarism? a. paraphrasing someone else’s wording without acknowledgment b. making a list of the sources you read in your research c. summarizing someone else’s words and citing that person as a source d. including your own opinion about an article published by someone else

Correct Answer: A 22.

When summarizing a passage from another source, __________.

72 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

a. b. c. d.

no citation is needed because you are not using the author’s exact wording a citation is needed because you are using someone else’s ideas you need to mention the author’s name, but do not need to include details about the exact work from which the passage came you need to mention the work from which the passage came, but you can omit the author’s name

Correct Answer: B 23.

Parenthetical citations __________. a. are required every time you use a particular source within the body of a report b. are required only the first time you use a particular source within the body of a report c. are handled identically by the APA and MLA styles d. should contain all of the information that the entry in the list of references contains

Correct Answer: A 24.

Which of the following is a correct statement about parenthetical citations? a.

If you mention the author’s name in your own text, both MLA and APA also require the name to appear in the parentheses. b.

If you mention the author’s name in your own text, neither MLA nor APA requires the name to appear in the parentheses. c.

If you mention the author’s name in your own text, MLA also requires the name to appear in the parentheses, but APA style does not. d.

If you mention the author’s name in your own text, APA also requires the name to appear in the parentheses, but MLA style does not.

Correct Answer: B 25.

Parenthetical citation of a direct quotation requires __________. a. a date and a page number in both APA and MLA style b. a date and a page number in APA style, but only a page number in MLA style c. a date, but not a page number, in both APA and MLA style d. a page number, but not a date, in both APA and MLA style

Correct Answer: B 26.

A paraphrase of a source should be enclosed in quotation marks in __________. a. both APA and MLA style b. neither APA nor MLA style c.

APA style, but not in MLA style d.

MLA style, but not in APA style

Correct Answer: B 27.

If you paraphrase a source, you should __________. a. not worry about listing it in the references 73 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

b. c. d.

list it in the references only if you are using APA style list it in the references only if you are using MLA style list it in the references if you are using either APA or MLA style

Correct Answer: D 28.

Which of the following suffixes in a URL indicates that a site is sponsored by a nonprofit organization? a. .com b. .npo c. .org d. .net Correct Answer: C

29.

Which of the following reflects MLA style for a book with one author? a.

Baron, Naomi S. Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It’s Heading. London: Routledge, 2000. b.

Baron, Naomi S. Alphabet to email: How written English evolved and where it’s heading. London: Routledge, 2000. c.

Baron, N. S. ―Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It’s Heading.‖ London: Routledge, 2000. d.

Baron, N. S. (2000). Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It’s Heading. London: Routledge.

Correct Answer: A 30.

Which of the following reflects MLA style for an article in a trade journal or academic journal? a.

Jacobs, Geoff. ―Laser scanner versatility factors.‖ Professional surveyor magazine, 30.1 (Jan. 2010): 32+. b.

Jacobs, G. ―Laser Scanner Versatility Factors.‖ Professional Surveyor Magazine, 30.1 (Jan. 2010): 32–33. c.

Jacobs, Geoff. ―Laser Scanner Versatility Factors.” Professional Surveyor Magazine, vol. 30, no. 1, Jan. 2010, pp. 32–33. d.

Jacobs, G. (2010). Laser scanner versatility factors. Professional Surveyor Magazine, 30 (1), Jan., 32–33.

Correct Answer: C 31.

Which of the following reflects APA style for an article in a trade journal or academic journal? a.

Jacobs, Geoff. ―Laser scanner versatility factors.‖ Professional surveyor magazine, 30.1 (2010): 32+. b.

Jacobs, G. ―Laser Scanner Versatility Factors.‖ Professional Surveyor Magazine, 30.1 (2010): 32–33. c.

Jacobs, Geoff. ―Laser Scanner Versatility Factors.‖ Professional Surveyor Magazine, 30.1 (2010): 32+.

74 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

d.

Jacobs, G. (2010). Laser scanner versatility factors. Professional Surveyor Magazine, 30(1), 32–33.

Correct Answer: D 32.

Which of the following reflects APA style for a book with one author? a.

Baron, Naomi S. Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It’s Heading. London, England: Routledge, 2000. b.

Baron, N. S. (2000). Alphabet to email: How written English evolved and where it’s heading. London, England: Routledge. c.

Baron, N. S. ―Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It’s Heading.‖ London, England: Routledge, 2000. d.

Baron, N. S. (2000). Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It’s Heading. London, England: Routledge.

Correct Answer: B 33.

Which of the following reflects MLA style for citing an interview in a bibliography (list of sources)? a.

Barnett, Jacob. Personal interview. 23 Jan. 2019. b.

Barnett, Jacob. 23 Jan. 2019. Personal interview. c.

Barnett, J. 23 Jan. 2019. Personal interview. d.

MLA style excludes all personal communication from the list of sources.

Correct Answer: A 34.

Which of the following reflects APA style for citing an interview in a bibliography (list of sources)? a.

Barnett, Jacob. Personal interview. 23 Jan. 2019. b.

Barnett, Jacob. 23 Jan. 2019. Personal interview. c.

Barnett, J. 23 Jan. 2019. Personal interview. d.

APA style excludes all personal communication from the list of sources.

Correct Answer: D 35.

Titles of books, magazines, and other periodicals are italicized in a.

APA format but not in MLA format. b.

MLA format but not in APA format. c. both APA and MLA format. d. neither APA nor MLA format.

Correct Answer: C SHORT ESSAY. Answer the questions below using what you read in the book to help you formulate your answers.

36.

Using the checklist provided on p. 206 in your text, write a critique of a classmate’s long report, focusing specifically on development and organization. Be sure to mention positive points as well as points needing improvement.

75 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

37.

Using the checklist provided on p. 206 in your text, write a critique of a classmate’s long report, focusing specifically on language and tone, visual design, and format.

38.

Rewrite the report sections ―Methods of Testing‖ and ―Characteristics of an Effective Program‖ shown in Figures 10.8–10.11 using APA style for the parenthetical references and related text.

39.

Obtain a copy of a recent annual report for a company or organization in your field.

Using the checklist provided on p. 206 in the text, identify any variations that occur in the annual report. For example, are any components mentioned in the checklist but excluded from the annual report, or vice versa? If so, explain possible reasons for such variations.

40.

Obtain a copy of your university’s policy on academic honesty. Compare your university’s definition of plagiarism with the guidelines given in the text. Identify any substantial differences between the two sets of guidelines.

76 Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.