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Topic : 1 Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Significant Figures: What is 56 +
32.00 written with the correct number of 1.2465 + 3.45
1)
significant figures? A) 63 B) 62.8123846 C) 62.8 D) 62.812 E) 62.81 2) Estimation: Estimate the number of times the earth will rotate on its axis during a
human's lifetime. A) 3 × 107
B) 3 × 108
C) 3 × 104
D) 3 × 106
2)
E) 3 × 105
3) Dimensional Analysis: The position, x, of an object is given by the equation x = A + Bt +
3)
Ct2, where t refers to time. What are the dimensions of A, B, and C? A) distance, distance/time, distance/time2 B) distance/time, distance/time2, distance/time 3 C) distance, distance, distance D) time, time, time E) distance, time, time2 4) Significant Figures: Using a digital balance the mass of a certain piece of wood is read as
4)
12.946 g. Thinking in terms of accuracy and significant figures, what value would you record on your data sheet if the balance is accurate to one-tenth of a gram? A) 12.9 g B) 13 g C) 13.0 g D) 12.95 g 5) Significant Figures: The length and width of a rectangle are 1.125 m and 0.606 m,
5)
respectively. Multiplying, your calculator gives the product as 0.68175. Rounding properly to the correct number of significant figures, the area of the rectangle should be written as A) 0.68 m2 B) 0.6818 m2 C) 0.68175 m2 D) 0.682 m2 6) Estimation: A reasonable estimate for the mass of a typical female college student is A) 200 kg.
B) 150 kg.
C) 20 kg.
7) Conversion of Units: A football field is 120 yd long and 50 yd wide. What is the area of
the football field, in square meters, given that 1.0 yd = 91.44 cm? A) 3.7 × 103 m2 B) 2.4 × 103 m2 C) 4.2 × 103 m2
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6)
D) 50 kg.
D) 5.0 × 103 m2
7)
8) Scientific Notation: Express (2.2 × 106)-1/2 in scientific notation. A) 1.5 × 103
B) 6.7 × 10-4
C) 1.5 × 10-5
8) D) 1.5 × 104
9) Estimation: Estimate the number of times an average person's heart beats in a lifetime.
9)
Assume the average heart rate is 69 beats/min and a life span of 75 years. A) 3 × 108 beats B) 3 × 109 beats C) 3 × 1010 beats D) 3 × 107 beats 10) Scientific Notation: Write out the number 8.42 × 10-5 in full with a decimal point and
correct number of zeros. A) 0.00842 B) 0.00000842
C) 0.0000842
10)
D) 0.000842
11) Metric system: How many nanoseconds does it take for a computer to perform one
11)
calculation if it performs 6.7 × 107 calculations per second? A) 67 ns
B) 11 ns
C) 65 ns
D) 15 ns
12) Significant Figures: Add 1299 g and 45.1 kg and express your answer in milligrams (mg)
to the correct number of significant figures. A) 4.64 × 106 mg C) 4.64 × 105 mg
12)
B) 4.64 × 107 mg D) 4.64 × 104 mg
13) Significant Figures: The length and width of a rectangle are 1.125 m and 0.606 m,
13)
respectively. You calculate the rectangle's perimeter by adding these numbers and multiplying by two. Your calculator's display reads 3.462. To the correct number of significant figures, the perimeter should be written as A) 3.46 m. B) 3.4620 m. C) 3.5 m. D) 3.462 m. 14) Conversion of Units: The following conversion equivalents are given:
14)
1.00 gal = 231 in3 1.0 ft = 12 in 1.0 min = 60 s If a pipe delivers water at the rate of 95 gal/min, its rate of flow in ft 3/s is closest to A) 0.17 ft3/s. B) 0.21 ft3/s. C) 0.19 ft3/s. D) 0.15 ft3/s. E) 0.14 ft3/s. 15) Density: Concrete is sold by the cubic yard. What is the mass, in kilograms, of 1.00 cubic
yard of concrete that is 5.00 times as dense as water? (1.00 m = 1.094 yd, a cubic meter of water has a mass of 1000 kg, and density is mass per unit volume.) A) 764 kg B) 6550 kg C) 3820 kg D) 8730 kg E) 2420 kg
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15)
16) Conversion of Units: The column of Trajan, erected in Rome in 106-113 A.D., is 125
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feet tall. What is its height in centimeters? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 3810 cm B) 1510 cm C) 2520 cm D) 38,100 cm E) 591 cm 17) Conversion of Units: Wall posters are usually sold curled up in cylindrical cardboard
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tubes. If the length of the tube is 0.845 m, and the inside diameter of the tube is 2.40 mm, what is the area of the poster expressed in square centimeters to the correct number of significant figures? (Assume the poster is just as long as the tube and does not overlap itself.) A) 319 cm2 B) 637 cm2 C) 637.1 cm2 D) 202.8 cm2 E) 203 cm2 18) Dimensional Analysis: When multiplying several quantities
18)
A) the quantities can have any combination of units. B) the quantities must all have exactly the same units. C) the quantities must all be dimensionless. 19) Conversion of Units: Express 50 mi/h in units of meters per second. (1 mi = 1609 m) A) 2.2 m/s
B) 49 m/s
C) 45 m/s
19)
D) 22 m/s
20) Dimensional Analysis: When adding several quantities
20)
A) the quantities can have any combination of units. B) the quantities must all have exactly the same units. C) the quantities must all be dimensionless. 21) Density: A porch roof that slopes upward at 45° measures 3.0 m × 5.0 m. It is covered
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with a slab of insulating material that is 2.0 cm thick. If the density of the insulation is 15 kg/m3, what is the weight of the insulation, in pounds, on the roof? (1.00 kg weighs 2.2 lb and density is mass per unit volume.) A) 4.5 lb B) 9.9 lb C) 990 lb D) 20 lb E) 9.0 lb 22) Significant Figures: The number of significant figures in 0.01500 is A) three.
B) two.
C) four.
22) D) five.
23) Significant Figures: The number of significant figures in 0.040 is A) four.
B) one.
C) three.
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23) D) two.
24) Conversion of Units: A person on a diet loses 1.6 kg in a week. How many micrograms
per second ( g/s) are lost? A) 44 g/s C) 6.4 × 104 g/s
B) 2.6 × 103 g/s D) 1.6 × 105 g/s
25) Scientific Notation: Which one of the following numbers is equivalent to the number
0.0001776? A) 1.776 × 10-4
B) 177.6 × 10-7
C) 17.76 × 10-3
B) 5.33 × 10-1
C) 5.328 × 10-1
B) two
C) three
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D) 7.1 × 103 m2
28) Significant Figures: How many significant figures are in the number 0.010? A) four
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D) 5.3278 × 10-1
27) Conversion of Units: A plot of land contains 5.8 acres. How many square meters does it
contain? (1.0 acre = 43,560 ft2 and 2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 7.0 × 104 m2 B) 5.0 × 104 m2 C) 2.3 × 104 m2
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D) 1776 × 10-5
26) Significant Figures: What is the quotient of 2.43 ÷ 4.561 expressed to the correct number
of significant figures? A) 5.3 × 10-1
24)
28)
D) one
29) Conversion of Units: A thick-walled metal pipe of length 0.200 m has an inside diameter
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of 20.0 mm and an outside diameter of 2.40 cm. What is the total surface area of the pipe, counting the ends, in square centimeters? A) 277 cm2 B) 279 cm2 C) 276 cm2 D) 278 cm2 30) Dimensional Analysis: When subtracting several quantities
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A) the quantities can have any combination of units. B) the quantities must all have exactly the same units. C) the quantities must all be dimensionless. 31) Conversion of Units: The following conversion equivalents are given:
31)
1.0 m = 100 cm 1.0 in = 2.54 cm 1.0 ft = 12 in If a bin has a volume of 1.5 m3, the volume of the bin, in ft3, is closest to A) 47 ft3. B) 59 ft3. C) 41 ft3. D) 53 ft3.
E) 35 ft3.
32) Estimation: A reasonable estimate for the mass of an ordinary passenger car is A) 5000 kg
B) 10,000 kg
C) 100 kg
D) 1000 kg
33) Significant Figures: In the sum A + B + C, A is accurate to 5 decimal places, B is
accurate to 2 decimal places, and C is accurate to 3 decimal places. What is the correct number of decimal places in the sum? A) 3 B) 10 C) 4 D) 5 E) 2
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32)
33)
34) Conversion of Units: Your car gets 34.7 mi/gal on a vacation trip in the U.S. If you were
34)
figuring your mileage in Europe, how many km/L did it get? (3.79 L = 1.00 gal; 1.00 mi = 1.61 km) A) 14.7 km/L B) 32.4 km/L C) 55.9 km/L D) 9.16 km/L 35) Metric System: A weight lifter can bench press 171 kg. How many milligrams is this? A) 1.71 × 106 mg
B) 1.71 × 109 mg
C) 1.71 × 107 mg
D) 1.71 × 108 mg
36) Significant Figures: To get to her physics class, Alice walks 0.25 mi to the bus stop. She
35)
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takes the bus 1.2 mi to the train station. She takes the train 13 mi and walks the remaining 0.17 mi to her class. How far is her commute expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 14.620 mi B) 14.6 mi C) 10 mi D) 14.62 mi E) 15 mi 37) Significant Figures: A traveler has about $536 in his checking account, about $2107 in
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his savings account and exactly $7.62 in his wallet. To the greatest precision warranted, how much money does this shopper have? A) $2650.6 B) $2651 C) $2650.62 D) $2650.620 E) $2650 38) Dimensional Analysis: The distance d through which a beam of length L is deflected
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when it is subjected to a fixed load may be described by the relationship d = RL2. What are the SI units of the constant R? A) m3 B) m2 C) m-1 D) R is dimensionless E) m 39) Density: The mass of Mars, 6.40 × 1023 kg, is about one-tenth that of Earth, and its
radius, 3395 km, is about half that of Earth. What is the mean density (mass divided by volume) of Mars in kilograms per cubic meter? A) 9.76 × 102 kg/m3 B) 1.95 × 103 kg/m3 C) 7.81 × 103 kg/m3 D) 3.90 × 103 kg/m3
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39)
40) Conversion of Units: A large school district has 300 school buses. If each school bus is
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used 3.0 hours each day, the average speed of the school buses is 15 mi/h, and the fuel economy of the buses is 10 mi/gal. How much does it cost to run these buses for 22 school days if gasoline costs $4.10 a gallon? A) $240,000 B) $120,000 C) $180,000 D) $60,000 41) Estimation: Estimate the thickness, in meters, of an ordinary sheet of paper. A) 10-7 m
B) 10-8 m
C) 10-5 m
D) 10-6 m
41) E) 10-4 m
42) Estimation: A marathon race is 26 mi and 385 yd long. Estimate how many strides would
42)
be required to run a marathon. Assume a reasonable value for the average number of feet/stride. A) 4.5 × 106 strides B) 4.5 × 105 strides C) 4.5 × 103 strides D) 4.5 × 104 strides 43) Significant Figures: What is the result, expressed to the proper number of significant
figures, of adding 23.4 to 91.237 and then subtracting 23.4? A) 91.3 B) 91.0 C) 91.2 D) 91
E) 91.237
44) Estimation: Estimate how many pennies would you have to stack to reach from the floor
to an average 8-ft ceiling. A) 2 × 104 B) 2 × 106
C) 2 × 102
D) 2 × 103
43)
44)
E) 2 × 105
45) Dimensional Analysis: In Einstein's famous equation E = mc2, describing the
45)
relationship between matter and energy, E stands for energy, m stands for mass, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. What are the SI units of E? A) kg/s2 B) kg/s C) kg m/s2 D) s2 / (kg m) E) kg m2 / s2 46) Significant Figures: A dog has three puppies. Spot weighs 12 ounces. Rascal weighs 9.5
46)
ounces. Socks weighs 10.2 ounces. What is the total weight of the litter expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 31.7 ounces B) 30 ounces C) 32 ounces D) 31 ounces E) 31.70 ounces 47) Significant Figures: How many significant figures are in the number 0.0037010? A) seven
B) five
C) six
D) four
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E) eight
47)
48) Significant Figures: A train travels at a constant speed of 60.4 mi/h for 101.5 min. What
48)
distance does the train cover expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 100 mi B) 102 mi C) 102.18 mi D) 102.2 mi E) 102.181 mi 49) Conversion of Units: A cylindrical drinking glass has a diameter of 2.5 in. and is 5.5 in.
49)
tall. What is the volume of the drinking glass in cubic centimeters? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 440 cubic cm B) 530 cubic cm C) 170 cubic cm D) 350 cubic cm E) 710 cubic cm 50) Metric System: The quantity 0.00325 × 10-8 cm is equivalent to
50)
A) 3.25 × 10-10 mm. B) 3.25 × 10-8 mm. C) 3.25 × 10-12 mm. D) 3.25 × 10-11 mm. E) 3.25 × 10-9 mm. 51) Conversion of Units: The peak of Mt. Everest, at 10,900 m, is the highest point above
sea level in the world. What is its elevation in miles? (1.00 m = 3.281 ft) A) 67.1 mi B) 17.6 mi C) 6.20 mi D) 0.630 mi
51)
E) 6.77 mi
52) Metric System: An area of 1.00 × 102 cm2 is how many square meters?
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A) 1.00 × 102 m2 B) 1.00 × 104 m2 C) 1.00 × 10-3 m2 D) 1.00 × 10-2 m2 E) 1.00 m2 53) Conversion of Units: Which of the following speeds is greatest? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 10 km/h
B) 10 mi/h
C) 10 m/s
D) 10 yd/s
54) Conversion of Units: At a certain time, the average size of a transistor in a
microprocessor was 250 nanometers. A human hair has a diameter of 70 microns (micrometers). How many transistors fit across a human hair? A) 2800 B) 28 C) 2.8 D) 280 E) 0.28
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53)
E) 10 ft/s 54)
55) Conversion of Units: A jogger has a mass of 50 kg. Express her mass in grams and
55)
micrograms (µg). A) 50,000 g; 50,000 µg B) 500,000 g; 5000 µg C) 50,000 g; 5 × 1010 µg D) 50,000 g; 5 × 106 µg E) 500,000 g; 500 × 106 µg 56) Conversion of Units: A typical ruby-throated hummingbird is 8 cm long. Express its
56)
length in millimeters and micrometers (µm). A) 80 mm; 800 µm B) 800 mm; 0.8 µm C) 0.8 mm; 8000 µm D) 80 mm; 80,000 µm E) 800 mm; 0.008 µm 57) Dimensional Analysis: The kinetic energy K of an object of mass m moving with speed v
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1 is given by the formula K = mv2. The SI unit of kinetic energy is the joule, J. Use this 2 formula to express the joule in terms of the fundamental SI quantities of mass, length, and time. A) J = kg m/s2 B) J = kg2 m2/s2 C) J = kg m2/s2 D) J = kg m/s 58) Conversion of Units: The following conversion equivalents are given:
1.0 kg = 1000 g 1.0 l = 1000 cm3 1.0 l = 0.0353 ft3 The density of a certain liquid is 0.83 g/cm3. The density of this liquid, expressed in kg/ft3, is closest to A) 26 kg/ft3. B) 19 kg/ft3. C) 28 kg/ft3. D) 21 kg/ft3. E) 24 kg/ft3.
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58)
59) Conversion of Units: An American football field, including end zones, is 360 feet long
59)
and 160 feet wide. If you needed to describe it for someone in Europe using the metric system, which one of the following quantities would be closest to its area in square meters? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 12,100 m2 B) 88.0 m2 C) 4920 m2 D) 13,200 m2 E) 5350 m2 60) Dimensional Analysis: When dividing several quantities
60)
A) the quantities can have any combination of units. B) the quantities must all have exactly the same units. C) the quantities must all be dimensionless. 61) Conversion of Units: The radius of the earth is 3963 mi. Which one of the following
61)
numbers is closest to the surface area of the earth? (1.0 mi = 1609 m) A) 2.6 × 1014 m2 B) 1.3 × 1014 m2 C) 5.1 × 1014 m2 D) 4.9 × 107 m2 62) Conversion of Units: A spherical fruit has a radius of 3.23 cm. What is the volume of the
fruit in cubic meters? A) 4.23 m3 C) 4.23 × 10-4 m3
62)
B) 1.41 m3 D) 1.41 × 10-4 m3
63) Metric System: The metric system is preferred over the British system in science for the
63)
following main reason. A) Metric quantities are natural whereas British quantities are invented. B) Metric quantities can be defined more accurately than the quantities in the British system. C) Conversions between metric quantities are especially easy because they are all related by factors of ten. D) The metric system is more precise than the British system. 64) Conversion of Units: A speed of 60 mi/h is closest to which of the following? (2.54 cm =
1.00 in.) A) 20 m/s
B) 120 m/s
C) 30 m/s
D) 30 km/h
E) 60 m/s
65) Estimation: A reasonable estimate for the height of an ordinary adult male is A) 50 cm.
B) 70 cm.
C) 300 cm.
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64)
D) 200 cm.
65)
66) Conversion of Units: An oak tree was planted 22 years ago. How many seconds does this
correspond to? (Do not take leap days into account.) A) 6.9 × 108 B) 2.9 × 107 C) 1.2 × 107
66)
D) 2.8 × 108
67) Conversion of Units: If you are 5'10'' tall, what is your height in meters? (2.54 cm = 1.00
67)
in.) A) 1.7 m
B) 1.6 m
C) 1.5 m
D) 1.8 m
68) Significant Figures: What is the difference between 103.5 and 102.24 expressed to the
correct number of significant figures? A) 1.2600 B) 1.3
C) 1.260
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D) 1.26
69) Metric system: The wavelength of the light from a certain laser is 0.66 microns, where 1
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micron = 1.0 × 10-6 m. What is this wavelength in nanometers? (1 nm = 10-9m) A) 6.6 × 102 nm B) 6.6 × 103 nm C) 6.6 × 104 nm D) 6.6 × 101 nm 70) Significant Figures: What is the sum of 1.53 + 2.786 + 3.3 expressed to the correct
number of significant figures? A) 7.6160 B) 7.616
C) 7.62
D) 7
70)
E) 7.6
71) Estimation: Which of the following is the most reasonable estimate of the number of
71)
characters (typed letters or numbers) in a 609-page book? Assume an average of 194 words per page and a reasonable average number of letters per word. A) 5 × 107 char B) 5 × 106 char C) 5 × 105 char D) 5 × 104 char 72) Significant Figures: The last page of a book is numbered 764. The book is 3.0 cm thick,
72)
not including its covers. What is the average thickness (in centimeters) of a page in the book, rounded to the proper number of significant figures? A) 0.072 cm B) 0.0079 cm C) 0.00785 cm D) 0.0039 cm E) 0.00393 cm 73) Scientific Notation: What is the result of the calculation (0.410 + 0.021) × (2.20 × 103)? A) 880
B) 950
C) 948
74) Significant Figures: In the difference A - B - C, A is accurate to 5 decimal places, B is
accurate to 2 decimal places, and C is accurate to 3 decimal places. What is the correct number of decimal places in the difference? A) 4 B) 2 C) 5 D) 3 E) 0
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73)
D) 946 74)
75) Dimensional Analysis: The rate R at which paint can be sprayed from a spray gun can be
75)
expressed as R = a · t. If R is measured in m3/s, and time t is measured in seconds, what are the SI units of a? A) m3/s2 B) m3/s C) m3s D) m3 E) m3s3 76) Estimation: A reasonable estimate for the mass of a typical new-born baby is A) 10 kg.
B) 1 kg.
C) 20 kg.
76)
D) 3 kg.
77) Metric System: A volume of 100 mL is equivalent to which one of the following
volumes? A) 0.01 ML
B) 0.1 L
78) Significant Figures: What is
figures? A) 0.91
C) 1 kL
D) 10-6 L
0.674 expressed to the correct number of significant 0.74
B) 0.9
C) 0.9108
B) 5.08
C) 6.45
78)
D) 0.911
79) Conversion of Units: Given that 1.00 in. = 2.54 cm, how many square centimeters are in
1.00 square inch? A) 1.59
77)
79)
D) 2.54
80) Significant Figures: In the product A B C, A has 5 significant figures, B has 2
80)
significant figures, and C has 3 significant figures. How many significant figures does the product have? A) 3 B) 2 C) 4 D) 10 E) 5 81) Conversion of Units: There are 640 acres in a square mile, and 5280 feet in 1.00 mile.
81)
What is the length in feet (to the nearest foot) of the side of a square having an area of 1.00 acre? A) 209 feet B) 412 feet C) 660 feet D) 435 feet E) 165 feet 82) Significant Figures: A rectangular garden measures 15 m long and 13.70 m wide. What
is the length of a diagonal from one corner of the garden to the other? A) 4.1 × 102 m B) 18 m C) 20 m
D) 19 m
83) Conversion of Units: The following conversion equivalents are given:
1.0 mile = 5280 ft 1.0 ft = 12 in 1 m = 39.37 in 1.0 hour = 60 min 1.0 min = 60 s If a deer runs at 4.7 mi/h, its speed, in meters per second, is closest to A) 2.3 m/s. B) 2.5 m/s. C) 1.7 m/s. D) 2.1 m/s.
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82)
83)
E) 1.9 m/s.
84) Conversion of Units: A jar of peanut butter costs $3.29. Express its price in dekadollars
84)
and decidollars. A) 0.329 dekadollars; 0.329 decidollars B) 32.9 dekadollars; 329 decidollars C) 329 dekadollars; 32.9 decidollars D) 0.329 dekadollars; 32.9 decidollars E) 32.9 dekadollars; 0.329 decidollars 85) Significant Figures: The number of significant figures in 10,001 is A) five.
B) six.
C) three.
85) D) two.
86) Significant Figures: What is the product of 12.56 and 2.12 expressed to the correct
number of significant figures? A) 26.23 B) 26.627
C) 27
86)
D) 26.6
87) Density: The average density of blood is 1.06 × 103 kg/m3. If you donate a pint of blood
87)
to the Red Cross, how many grams of blood have you donated? (2.00 pt = 1.00 qt, 1.00 L = 1000 cm3, 1.00 qt = 0.947 L, and density is mass per unit volume.) A) 5.02 g B) 5020 g C) 5.02 × 105 g D) 0.502 g E) 502 g 88) Metric System: The number 0.00325 × 10-8 cm can be expressed in millimeters as A) 3.25 × 10-11 mm. C) 3.25 × 10-12 mm.
88)
B) 3.25 × 10-10 mm. D) 3.25 × 10-9 mm.
89) Conversion of Units: The king's chamber of the great pyramid in Egypt is 10.43 m long,
5.21 m wide, and 5.82 m high. What is the volume of the chamber in cubic feet, expressed to the correct number of significant figures? (1.00 in. = 2.54 cm) A) 13,200 ft3 B) 11,200 ft3 C) 3720 ft3 D) 316 ft3 E) 6530 ft3
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89)
90) Conversion of Units: The Hope Diamond weighs 44.5 carats, and there are 200 mg per
90)
carat. What is the mass of the Hope Diamond in kilograms? A) 0.00890 kg B) 8.90 kg C) 0.0890 kg D) 0.000890 kg E) 0.890 kg 91) Conversion of Units: Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is 21 in. wide and 30.25 in. tall.
91)
What is the area of the painting in square centimeters? (1.00 m = 39.37 in.) A) 4100 cm2 B) 2400 cm2 C) 1600 cm2 D) 660 cm2 E) 3300 cm2 92) Significant Figures: If a circle has a radius of 1.109 m, what is its area expressed to the
92)
correct number of significant figures? A) 3.86 m2 B) 3.864 m2 C) 3.863 m2 D) 3.86379 m2 E) 3.8638 m2 93) Significant Figures: In the quotient
A B C
, A has 5 significant figures, B has 2 significant
93)
figures, and C has 3 significant figures. How many significant figures does the quotient have? A) 0 B) 3 C) 1 D) 4 E) 2 94) Conversion of Units: Rover eats 0.50 pound of dry dog food per day. How many 5.0-kg
94)
sacks of dog food does his owner need to buy in a year? (1.0 kg weighs 2.2 lb) A) 25 B) 52 C) 17 D) 80 E) 81 95) Scientific Notation: Which of the following numbers is the smallest? A) 0.00015 × 103
B) 0.00000015 × 106
C) 15 × 10-3
D) 0.15 × 100
95)
96) Conversion of Units: Given that 1.00 in. = 2.54 cm and 1.00 yd = 36.0 in., how many
meters are in 7.00 yd? A) 1.78 × 103 m
B) 6.40 m
C) 36.3 m
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D) 640 m
96)
97) Significant Figures: What is 0.2052/3, to the correct number of significant figures? A) 0.3477
B) 0.35
C) 0.348
97)
D) 0.3
98) Metric System: The volume of a 10-mL test tube is equivalent to which one of the
98)
following quantities? A) 0.001 ML B) 0.01 L C) 0.1 L D) 0.001 kL E) 1 × 10-6 L 99) Significant Figures: How many significant figures are in the number 120.070? A) six
B) four
C) five
99)
D) three
100) Dimensional Analysis: Newton's second law, F = ma, relates force F, mass m, and
100)
acceleration a. Use this equation to deduce the SI units of force. A) m2/s2 B) kg m/s C) kg m/s2 D) s2 / (kg m) E) m/s2 101) Conversion of Units: A light-year (ly) is the distance that light travels in one year. The
101)
speed of light is 3.00 × 108 m/s. How many miles are there in 1.00 ly? (1.00 mi = 1.609 km and one year is 365.25 days.) A) 9.46 × 1015 mi B) 2.87 × 1013 mi C) 5.88 × 1015 mi D) 5.88 × 1012 mi E) 9.46 × 1012 mi 102) Estimation: A reasonable estimate for the height of the walls in an ordinary American
home is A) 2.5 m.
B) 10 m.
C) 1.5 m.
102)
D) 8 m.
103) Metric system: A certain CD-ROM disk can store 600 megabytes of information. If an
103)
average word requires 9.0 bytes of storage, how many words can be stored on one disk? A) 2.0 × 109 words B) 6.7 × 107 words C) 5.4 × 109 words D) 2.1 × 107 words 104) Dimensional Analysis: If we find v = A , where
the SI units for A? A) kg m/s
B) m2/s
is a length and v is a speed, what are
C) m/s2 14
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D) s-1
E) s
104)
105) Metric System: Express the sum 1.00 kg + 1531 g + 2.54 × 104 mg in kilograms with the
correct number of significant figures. A) 2.56 kg B) 27.9 kg
C) 2.79 kg
D) 2.53 kg
106) Metric System: Express the number 13.5 gigameters in meters without using scientific
notation. A) 135,000,000,000 m C) 135,000,000 m
105)
106)
B) 13,500,000,000 m D) 135,000 m
107) Dimensional Analysis: Using dimensional analysis, which one of the following equations
107)
is dimensionally correct? In these equations, x has units of meters, t has units of seconds, v has units of meters per second, and a has units of meters per second2. A) t2 = x/a B) x = v/t C) x = at D) v = 2ax E) x2 = 2av 108) Estimation: A reasonable estimate for the duration of a typical physics lecture is A) 1000 s.
B) 10,000 s.
C) 600 s.
108)
D) 3500 s.
109) Conversion of Units: speed of 65 miles per hour is the same as which of the following?
(1.00 ft = 30.48 cm) A) 37 m/s B) 42 m/s
C) 29 m/s
D) 24 m/s
E) 32 m/s
110) Significant Figures: What is the sum of 2.67 + 1.976 + 2.1 expressed to the correct
number of significant figures? A) 6.746 B) 6.7460
C) 6.75
110)
D) 6.7
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
111) Significant Figures: Express the result of the following calculation, in scientific
notation, to the proper number of significant figures:
111)
395600.1 + 19. 6.72
112) Significant Figures: Add the following lengths, each obtained from a different
112)
measuring instrument, and round the answer to the proper number of significant figures: 20.02 m, 5.91 m, 0.0097 m, and 2.467 m. 113) Significant Figures: Which of the following numbers has 4 significant figures;
which has 5 significant figures? (a) 3001 (b) 0.00370 (c) 4774.00 (d) 29.290
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109)
113)
114) Conversion of Units: A 2.00-qt bottle of soda is on sale for $1.29. What should
114)
be the price of a 2.00-L bottle of the same soda to yield the same value? (1.00 qt = 0.947 L) 115) Dimensional Analysis: The gravitational force of attraction F between two tiny
masses m 1 and m 2 that are separated by a distance r is F = G
115)
m 1m 2 . In the SI r2
system, force has units of kg m/s2 . Use the given gravitational force formula to determine the SI units of G in terms of the fundamental quantities of mass, length, and time. 116) Conversion of Units: In a country where the unit of currency is the Passi,
116)
kerosene costs 130 Passi per liter, and one dollar buys 227 Passi. What is the cost of kerosene in dollars per gallon? (1.00 gal = 3.79 L) 117) Dimensional Analysis: The speed v of an object falling with a constant
117)
acceleration g can be expressed in terms of g and the distance traveled from the point of release, h, as v = agbhc, where a, b, and c, are dimensionless constants. What must be the values of b and c? 118) Dimensional Analysis: The period P of oscillation of a pendulum (the time
118)
interval needed to complete one full oscillation) can be expressed in terms of the mass m of the plumb bob, the length L of the string, and the acceleration due to gravity, g, as P =kmbLcgd, where k, b, c, and d are dimensionless constants. What must be the values of b, c, and d? 119) Significant Figures: Express the sum of 420.77, 13.821, and 2317.8 to the correct
119)
number of significant figures. 120) Significant Figures: In a parallel universe, the quantity
has the value 3.14049…
120)
. Express in that universe to (a) four significant figures (b) five significant figures. 121) Conversion of Units: The density of water is 1.00 g/cm3. What is its density in
121)
kg/m3? 122) Metric System: The prefix yotta (Y) signifies a multiple of 1024. How many
yottameters are there in a gigameter?
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122)
123) Conversion of Units: Hydraulicists often express rainfall in acre-feet. This is the
123)
amount of water required to cover an area of one acre to a depth of one foot. There are 640.0 acres in a square mile, and 5280 feet in one mile. How many cubic feet are there in one acre-foot? 124) Conversion of Units: The tank of a certain car holds 16 gallons of gasoline. (1.00
124)
gal = 3.785 L) (a) How many liters of gasoline does this tank hold? (b) How many kilometers can the car travel on one tank if it gets 25 miles per gallon? 125) Conversion of Units: There are 2.00 dry pints to 1.00 dry quart, 8.00 dry quarts to
125)
1.00 peck, 4.00 pecks to 1.00 bushel. An organic farmer wants to pick enough berries to fill 40,000 pint containers. How many bushels of berries does the farmer need? 126) Conversion of Units: There are 640 acres in a square mile, 5280 ft in one mile,
126)
and 3.28 ft in one meter. How many acres are there in a hectare, which is a square one hundred meters on each side?
4.302(15.6 - 1.2) expressed to the correct number 22.1 + 19.4
127)
128) Significant Figures: Express the result of the following calculation to the proper
128)
127) Significant Figures: What is
of significant figures?
number of significant figures: 50.19 - 7966 × 10-3.
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Answer Key Testname: TOPIC 1
1) A 2) C 3) A 4) A 5) D 6) D 7) D 8) B 9) B 10) C 11) D 12) B 13) D 14) B 15) C 16) A 17) B 18) A 19) D 20) B 21) B 22) C 23) D 24) B 25) A 26) B 27) C 28) B 29) B 30) B 31) D 32) D 33) E 34) A 35) D 36) E 37) B 38) C 39) D 40) B 41) E 42) D 43) C 44) D 45) E 46) C 47) B 48) B 49) A 50) A 18
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Answer Key Testname: TOPIC 1
51) E 52) D 53) C 54) D 55) C 56) D 57) C 58) E 59) E 60) A 61) C 62) D 63) C 64) C 65) D 66) A 67) D 68) B 69) A 70) E 71) C 72) B 73) C 74) B 75) A 76) D 77) B 78) A 79) C 80) B 81) A 82) C 83) D 84) D 85) A 86) D 87) E 88) B 89) B 90) A 91) A 92) B 93) E 94) C 95) C 96) B 97) C 98) B 99) A 100) C 19
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Answer Key Testname: TOPIC 1
101) D 102) A 103) B 104) D 105) A 106) B 107) A 108) D 109) C 110) D 111) 5.9 × 104 112) 28.41 m 113) (a) has 4 significant figures; (d) has 5 significant figures 114) $1.36 115)
m3 kg s2
116) $2.17 per gallon 117) b = 1/2, c = 1/2 118) b = 0, c = 1/2, d = -1/2 119) 2752.4 120) (a) 3.140 (b) 3.1405 121) 1.00 × 103 kg/m3 122) 10-15 ym 123) 43,560 ft3 124) (a) 61 L (b) 640 km 125) 625 bushels 126) 2.47 acres 127) 1.22 128) 42.22
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Topic 2 Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Components: If a vector A has components Ax < 0, and Ay > 0, then the angle that this
1)
vector makes with the positive x-axis must be in the range A) 0° to 90°. B) 90° to 180°. C) 180° to 270°. D) 270° to 360°. E) It cannot be determined without additional information. 2) Addition by 1. Components: The figure shows four vectors, A , B , C , and D , having
2)
magnitudes 12.0 m, 10.0 m, 8.0 m, and 4.0 m, respectively. The sum of these four vectors is
A) 16.4 m at an angle 12.3° with respect to +x-axis. B) 8.20 m at an angle 77.8° with respect to +x-axis. C) 19.5 m at an angle 77.8° with respect to +x-axis. D) 16.4 m at an angle 77.8° with respect to +x-axis. E) 19.5 m at an angle 12.3° with respect to +x-axis. 3) Graphical Addition: The magnitude of the resultant of two vectors cannot be less than
the magnitude of either of those two vectors. A) True
B) False
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3)
4) Addition by 1. Components: Vector A has a magnitude of 6.0 m and points 30° north of
4)
east. Vector B has a magnitude of 4.0 m and points 30° west of north. The resultant vector A + B is given by A) 3.3 m at an angle of 64° east of north. B) 9.8 m at an angle of 64° east of north. C) 7.2 m at an angle of 26° east of north. D) 3.3 m at an angle of 26° north of east. E) 9.8 m at an angle of 26° north of east. 5) Addition by 1. Components: An airplane undergoes the following displacements, all at
5)
the same altitude: First, it flies 59.0 km in a direction 30.0° east of north. Next, it flies 58.0 km due south. Finally, it flies 100 km 30.0° north of west. Use components to determine how far the airplane ends up from its starting point. A) 71.5 km B) 73.0 km C) 68.7 km D) 70.1 km E) 74.4 km 6) Addition by 1. Components: Four vectors, A , B , C , and D , are shown in the figure.
The sum of these four vectors is a vector having magnitude and direction
A) 4.0 cm, along -y-axis. B) 4.0 cm, along +y-axis. C) 4.0 cm, along -x-axis. D) 4.0 cm, along +x-axis. E) 4.0 cm, 45° above +x-axis.
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6)
7) Addition by Components: A car travels 20 km west and then 20 km south. Use
components to find the magnitude of its displacement vector? A) 40 km B) 0 km C) 20 km
D) 28 km
8) Components: If a vector's components are all negative, then the magnitude of the vector
is negative. A) True
7)
8)
B) False
9) Components: The components of vectors B and C are given as follows:
9)
Bx = -9.2 C x = -4.5 By = -6.1 C y = 4.3 The angle (less than 180°) between vectors B and C is closest to A) 103°. B) 10°. C) 84°. D) 170°.
E) 77°.
10) Components: The magnitude of A is 5.5 m, and this vector lies in the second quadrant
and makes an angle of 34 ° with the +y-axis. The components of A are closest to: A) Ax = 4.6 m, A y = -3.1 m. B) Ax = 3.1 m, A y = -4.6 m. C) Ax = -4.6 m, Ay = -3.1 m. D) Ax = -3.1 m, Ay = 4.6 m. E) Ax = -4.6 m, Ay = 3.1 m.
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10)
11) Addition by 1. Components: Three forces, F 1, F 2, and F 3, each of magnitude 70 N, all
11)
act on an object as shown in the figure. The magnitude of the resultant force acting on the object is
A) 210 N.
B) 70 N.
C) 0 N.
D) 35 N.
E) 140 N.
12) Components: A player throws a football 50.0 m at 61.0° north of west. What is the
westward component of the displacement of the football? A) 24.2 m B) 0.00 m C) 55.0 m D) 64.7m
12)
E) 74.0 m
13) Graphical Addition: Vectors M and N obey the equation M + N = 0. These vectors
13)
satisfy which one of the following statements? A) Vectors M and N are at right angles to each other. B) Vectors M and N have the same magnitudes. C) Vectors M and N point in the same direction. D) The magnitude of M is the negative of the magnitude of N . 14) Graphical Addition: Two vectors, of magnitudes 20 mm and 50 mm, are added together.
Which one of the following is a possible value for the magnitude of the resultant? A) 40 mm B) 10 mm C) 80 mm D) 20 mm
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14)
15) Addition by 1. Components: Vector A has a magnitude of 6.0 m and points 30° north of
15)
east. Vector B has a magnitude of 4.0 m and points 30° east of north. The resultant vector A + B is given by A) 14 m at an angle of 42° north of east. B) 1.1 m at an angle of 42° north of east. C) 2.0 m at an angle of 42° north of east. D) 9.7 m at an angle of 42° north of east. E) 0.70 m at an angle of 42° north of east. 16) Components: The magnitude of a vector an only zero if all of its components are zero. A) True
16)
B) False
17) Graphical Addition: The sum of two vectors of fixed magnitudes has the greatest
magnitude when the angle between these two vectors is A) 180°. B) 270°. C) 90°.
D) 0°.
17)
E) 60°.
18) Components: The eastward component of vector A is equal to the westward component
18)
of vector B and their northward components are equal. Which one of the following statements must be correct for these two vectors? A) The angle between vector A and vector B must be 90°. B) Vector A is antiparallel (in the opposite direction) to vector B . C) Vector A must be perpendicular to vector B . D) The magnitude of vector A must be equal to the magnitude of vector B . E) Vector A is parallel to vector B . 19) Graphical Addition: The sum of two vectors of fixed magnitudes has its minimum
magnitude when the angle between these vectors is A) 90°. B) 0°. C) 180°.
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D) 270°.
E) 360°.
19)
20) Graphical Addition: Consider two vectors A and B shown in the figure. The difference
20)
A - B is best illustrated by
A) choice (a)
B) choice (b)
C) choice (c)
D) choice (d)
21) Components: If a vector pointing upward has a positive magnitude, a vector pointing
downward has a negative magnitude. A) True
21)
B) False
22) Components: When Jeff ran up a hill at 7.0 m/s, the horizontal component of his velocity
22)
vector was 5.1 m/s. What was the vertical component of Jeff's velocity? A) 4.3 m/s B) 3.8 m/s C) 3.4 m/s D) 4.8 m/s 23) Addition by 1. Components: Vector M = 4.00 m points eastward and vector N = 3.00 m
23)
points southward. The resultant vector M + N is given by A) 5.00 m at an angle of 53.1° south of east. B) 5.00 m at an angle of 71.6° south of east. C) 5.00 m at an angle of 18.4° south of east. D) 5.00 m at an angle of 26.6° south of east. E) 5.00 m at an angle of 36.9° south of east. 24) Components: If a vector A has components Ax < 0, and Ay < 0, then the angle that this
vector makes with the positive x-axis must be in the range A) 0° to 90°. B) 90° to 180°. C) 180° to 270°. D) 270° to 360°. E) It cannot be determined without additional information.
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24)
25) Addition by Components: If vector A has components A x = -3.0 lb and A y = -4.0 lb, and
25)
vector B has components B x = 3.0 lb and B y = -8.0 lb, what is the magnitude of vector C = A - B? A) 16 lb
B) 140 lb
C) 7.2 lb
D) 13 lb
26) Components: When rolled down a mountainside at 7.0 m/s, the horizontal component of
26)
its velocity vector was 1.8 m/s. What was the angle of the mountain surface above the horizontal? A) 33° B) 57° C) 15° D) 75° 27) Addition by 1. Components: Vector A has a magnitude of 8.0 m and points east, vector
27)
B has a magnitude of 6.0 m and points north, and vector C has a magnitude of 5.0 m and points west. The resultant vector A + B + C is given by A) 2.0 m at an angle 63° north of east. B) 6.7 m at an angle 63° east of north. C) 6.7 m at an angle 63° north of east. D) 2.0 m at an angle 63° east of north. E) 3.8 m at an angle 67° north of east 28) Addition by 1. Components: The figure shows three vectors and their magnitudes and
relative directions. The magnitude of the resultant of the three vectors is closest to
A) 19.
B) 10.
C) 7.0.
D) 16.
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E) 13.
28)
29) Components: A displacement vector is 34.0 m in length and is directed 60.0° east of
29)
north. Selecting from the choices in the table below, what are the components of this vector? Northward component 29.4 m 18.2 m 22.4 m 17.0 m 25.2 m
choice 1 2 3 4 5
A) choice 1
Eastward component 17.0 m 28.1 m 11.5 m 29.4 m 18.2 m B) choice 2
C) choice 3
D) choice 4
E) choice 5
30) Graphical Addition: If A + B = C and their magnitudes are given by A + B = C, then
30)
the vectors A and B are oriented A) antiparallel to each other (in opposite directions). B) parallel to each other (in the same direction). C) perpendicular relative to one other. D) It is impossible to know from the given information. 31) Components: A boy jumps with a velocity of magnitude 20.0 m/s at an angle of 25.0°
31)
above the horizontal. What is the horizontal component of the boy's velocity? A) 9.33 m/s B) 8.45 m/s C) 18.1 m/s D) 15.6 m/s E) 12.6 m/s 32) Addition by 1. Components: Three vectors, S , T , and U , have the components shown
in the table. What angle does the resultant of these three vectors make with the +x-axis? x component y component S
-3.5 m
4.5 m
T
0.00 m
-6.5 m
U
5.5 m
-2.5 m
A) 24° above the +x-axis
B) 24° below the +x-axis
C) 66° below the +x-axis
D) 66° above the +x-axis
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32)
33) Graphical Addition: Consider two vectors A and B shown in the figure. The difference
33)
A - B is best illustrated by
A) choice (a)
B) choice (b)
C) choice (c)
D) choice (d)
34) Addition by Components: Two perpendicular vectors, A and B , are added together
34)
giving vector C . If the magnitudes of both vectors A and B are doubled without changing their directions, the magnitude of vector C will A) increase by a factor of 2. B) increase by a factor of 8. C) increase by a factor of 4. D) increase by a factor of 2 . E) not change. 35) Addition by Components: The components of vectors A and B are given as follows:
35)
Ax = 7.6 Bx = -5.1 Ay = -9.2 By = -6.8 What is the magnitude of the vector difference B - A ? A) 16 B) 170 C) 13 D) 3.5
E) 3.4
36) Graphical Addition: If three vectors add to zero, they must all have equal magnitudes. A) True
36)
B) False
37) Components: If a vector A has components Ax > 0, and Ay < 0, then the angle that this
vector makes with the positive x-axis must be in the range A) 0° to 90°. B) 90° to 180°. C) 180° to 270°. D) 270° to 360°. E) It cannot be determined without additional information.
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37)
38) Components: Vector A is along the +x-axis and vector B is along the +y-axis. Which
38)
one of the following statements is correct with respect to these vectors? A) The x component of vector A is equal to the x component of vector B . B) The x component of vector A is equal to the y component of vector B . C) The y component of vector A is equal to the x component of vector B . D) The y component of vector A is equal to the y component of vector B .
39) Components: The x component of vector A is 8.7 units, and its y component is -6.5
units. The magnitude of A is closest to A) 11 units. B) 12 units. C) 7.9 units.
D) 9.9 units.
E) 8.9 units.
40) Addition by 1. Components: Three forces, F 1, F 2, and F 3, all act on an object, as
shown in the figure. The magnitudes of the forces are: F 1 = 80.0 N, F2 = 60.0 N, and F3 = 40.0 N. The resultant force acting on the object is given by
A) 60.0 N at an angle of 90.0° with respect to +x-axis. B) 40.0 N at an angle of 60.0° with respect to +x-axis. C) 20.0 N at an angle of 34.3° with respect to +x-axis. D) 35.5 N at an angle of 34.3° with respect to +x-axis. E) 180 N at an angle of 60.0° with respect to +x-axis.
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39)
40)
41) Addition by 1. Components: Vector A has a magnitude of 6.0 m and points 30° east of
41)
south. Vector B has a magnitude of 4.0 m and points 30° west of north. The resultant vector A + B is given by A) 10.0 m at an angle of 60° east of south. B) 2.0 m at an angle of 30° east of south. C) 10.0 m at an angle of 60° north of west. D) 1.0 m at an angle of 60° north of west. E) 2.0 m at an angle of 30° north of west. 42) Addition by 1. Components: Vector A has a magnitude of 4.0 m and points 30° south of
42)
east. Vector B has a magnitude of 2.0 m and points 30° north of west. The resultant vector A + B is given by A) 2.0 m at an angle 30° south of east. B) 2.0 m at an angle 60° south of east. C) 10.0 m at an angle 60° east of south. D) 1.0 m at an angle 30° east of south. E) 10.0 m at an angle 30° south of east. 43) Addition by 1. Components: Vector A has a magnitude of 8.0 m and points 30° north of
43)
east; vector B has a magnitude of 6.0 m and points 30° west of north; and vector C has a magnitude of 5.0 m and points 30° west of south. The resultant vector A + B + C is given by A) 4.8 m at an angle 74° east of north. B) 2.1 m at an angle 66° east of north. C) 5.1 m at an angle 74° north of east. D) 2.7 m at an angle 74° north of east. E) 5.9 m at an angle 74° north of east. 44) Graphical Addition: Two displacement vectors have magnitudes of 5.0 m and 7.0 m,
44)
respectively. If these two vectors are added together, the magnitude of the sum A) could be as small as 2.0 m or as large as 12 m. B) is equal to 12 m. C) is equal to 8.6 m. D) is equal to 2.0 m. 45) Addition by Components: You walk 33 m to the north, then turn 60° to your right and
walk another 45 m. Use components to find how far you end up from your starting point. A) 39 m B) 68 m C) 75 m D) 35 m
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45)
46) Addition by 1. Components: Vector A has a magnitude of 7.0 m and points 30° east of
46)
north. Vector B has a magnitude of 5.0 m and points 30° west of south. The resultant vector A + B is given by A) 10.0 m at an angle 30° east of north. B) 1.0 m at an angle 60° east of north C) 2.0 m at an angle 60° north of east. D) 10.0 m at an angle 60° north of east. E) 2.0 m at an angle 30° north of east. 47) Components: The magnitude of a vector can never be less than the magnitude of any of
its components. A) True
47)
B) False
48) Addition by Components: You walk 53 m to the north, then you turn 60° to your right
48)
and walk another 45 m. Use components to determine the direction of your displacement vector. Express your answer as an angle relative to east. A) 57° N of E B) 50° N of E C) 69° N of E D) 63° N of E 49) Addition by 1. Components: Vector A has a magnitude of 6.0 m and points 30° south of
49)
east. Vector B has a magnitude of 4.0 m and points 30° west of south. The resultant vector A + B is given by A) 9.8 m at an angle of 64° south of east. B) 3.3 m at an angle of 26° south of east. C) 7.2 m at an angle of 64° south of east. D) 9.8 m at an angle of 26° south of east. E) 3.3 m at an angle of 64° south of east. 50) Addition by Components: Vector A has magnitude 2 units and is directed to the north.
Vector B has magnitude 5 units and is directed to the south. Calculate the magnitude and direction of A - B . A) 3 units, north B) 7 units, north
C) 7 units, south
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D) 3 units, south
50)
51) Addition by 1. Components: Vector A has a magnitude of 6.0 m and points 30° north of
51)
east. Vector B has a magnitude of 4.0 m and points 30° west of south. The resultant vector A + B is given by A) 3.2 m at an angle of 8.3° east of south. B) 2.7 m at an angle of 8.3° south of east. C) 3.2 m at an angle of 8.3° south of east. D) 2.7 m at an angle of 8.3° east of south. E) 2.3 m at an angle of 8.3° south of east. 52) Addition by 1. Components: Three vectors, S , T , and U , have the components shown
52)
in the table. What is the magnitude of the resultant of these three vectors? x component y component S
3.50 m
-4.50 m
T
2.00 m
0.00 m
U
-5.50 m
2.50 m
A) 5.50 m
B) 11.1 m
C) 2.00 m
D) 7.00 m
E) 13.0 m
53) Components: The x component of vector A is 5.3 units, and its y component is -2.3
units. The angle that vector A makes with the +x-axis is closest to A) 160°. B) 340°. C) 23°. D) 250°.
53)
E) 110°.
54) Graphical Addition: If A - B = 0, then the vectors A and B have equal magnitudes and
are directed in the same direction. A) True
B) False
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
55) Components: The x and y components of a vector in a horizontal plane are 4.00 m
55)
and 3.00 m, respectively. (a) What is the magnitude of this vector? (b) What angle does this vector make with the positive +y-axis. 56) Components: A vector in the xy-plane has an x component of -7.50 units. What
must be the y component of this vector so that its magnitude is 10.0 units. (Note: There are two possible answers.)
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56)
54)
57) Addition by Components: The figure shows two vectors B and C , along with
57)
their magnitudes and directions. The vector D is given by D = B - C .
(a) What is the magnitude of vector D ? (b) What angle does vector D make with the +x-axis? 58) Components: A vector A has components Ax = 12.0 m and Ay = 5.00 m.
58)
(a) What is the angle that vector A makes with the +x-axis? (b) What is the magnitude of vector A ? 59) Addition by 1. Components: The figure shows four vectors, A , B , C , and D .
Vectors A and B both have a magnitude of 7.0 cm, and vectors C and D both have a magnitude of 4.0 cm. Find the magnitude and direction of the sum of these four vectors.
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59)
60) Addition by Components: Three ropes are tied in a knot as shown in the figure.
60)
One student pulls on rope A with 1.0 pound of force, and another student pulls on rope B with 7.0 pounds of force. How hard and in what direction must you pull on rope C to balance the first two pulls? Give the direction by specifying the angle (clockwise or counterclockwise) of the pull with the direction of rope A.
61) Addition by 1. Components: The figure shows four vectors, A , B , C , and D .
Vectors A and B each have a magnitude of 7.0 cm, and vectors C and D each have a magnitude of 4.0 cm. Find the x and y components of the sum of these four vectors.
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61)
62) Addition by 1. Components: The figure shows three vectors, A , B , and C , along
62)
with their magnitudes. Determine the magnitude and direction of the vector given by A + B - C .
63) Graphical Addition: A student adds two displacement vectors that have the
63)
magnitudes of 12.0 m and 5.0 m. What is the range of possible answers for the magnitude of the resultant vector? 64) Addition by 1. Components: The figure shows three vectors, A , B , and C ,
having magnitudes 7.0 cm, 6.0 cm, and 4.0 cm, respectively. Find the x and y components of the resultant of these three vectors.
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64)
65) Components: A velocity vector has components 36 m/s westward and 22 m/s
65)
northward. What are the magnitude and direction of this vector? 66) Addition by 1. Components: Displacement vector A is 5.5 cm long and points
66)
along the +x-axis. Displacement vector B is 7.5 cm long and points at +30° to the -x-axis. (a) Determine the x and y components of vector A . (b) Determine the x and y components of vector B . (c) Determine the x and y components of the resultant of these two vectors. (d) Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant of these two vectors. 67) Addition by 1. Components: Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant of
67)
the three force vectors, A , B , and C , shown in the figure. These vectors have the following magnitudes: A = 5.0 lb, B = 7.9 lb, and C = 8.0 lb. Express the direction of the resultant by specifying the angle it makes with the +x-axis, with counterclockwise angles taken to be positive.
68) Addition by 1. Components: Two boys, Joe and Sam, who are searching for
buried treasure start underneath the same tree. Joe walks 12 m east and then 12 m north, while Sam walks 15 m west and then 10 m south. Both boys then stop. Find the magnitude and direction of the vector from Sam to Joe. Express the direction of this vector by specifying the angle it makes with the west-to-east direction.
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68)
69) Graphical Addition: Refer to the figure, which shows four vectors M , N , S , and
69)
T.
(a) Vector S as expressed in terms of vectors M and N is given by A) M + N . B) M - N . C) N - M . (b) Vector T as expressed in terms of vectors M and N is given by A) M + N . B) M - N . C) N - M . 70) Addition by 1. Components: The figure shows four vectors, A , B , C , and D ,
having magnitudes 10.0 m, 8.00 m, 6.00 m, and 2.00 m, respectively. Find the magnitude of the sum of these four vectors.
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70)
71) Addition by 1. Components: The figure shows three vectors, A , B , and C , along
71)
with their magnitudes. Determine the magnitude and direction of the vector given by A - B - C .
72) Addition by 1. Components: Two forces are acting on an object as shown in the
figure. Assume that all the quantities shown are accurate to three significant figures.
(a) What is the magnitude of the resultant force on the object? (b) What is the direction of the resultant force?
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72)
73) Addition by 1. Components: Displacement vector A is 75 cm long and points at
30° above the +x-axis. Displacement vector B is 25 cm long and points along the -x-axis. Displacement vector C is 40 cm long and points at 45° below the -x-axis. (a) Determine the x and y components of vector A . (b) Determine the x and y components of vector B . (c) Determine the x and y components of vector C . (d) Determine the x and y components of the resultant of these three vectors. (e) Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant of these three vectors.
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73)
Answer Key Testname: TOPIC 2
1) B 2) D 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) A 7) D 8) B 9) E 10) D 11) C 12) A 13) B 14) A 15) D 16) A 17) D 18) D 19) C 20) C 21) B 22) D 23) E 24) C 25) C 26) D 27) C 28) E 29) D 30) B 31) C 32) C 33) B 34) A 35) C 36) B 37) D 38) C 39) A 40) D 41) B 42) A 43) C 44) A 45) B 46) C 47) A 48) D 49) C 50) B 21
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Answer Key Testname: TOPIC 2
51) C 52) C 53) B 54) A 55) (a) 5.00 m (b) 53.1° 56) +6.6 units and -6.6 units 57) (a) 6.6 (b) 170° 58) (a) 22.6° (b) 13.0 m 59) 4.2 cm along the +y-axis 60) 6.6 lb at 68° clockwise from rope A 61) 0.00 cm (x component), 4.2 cm (y component) 62) 100 m at 31° above the +x-axis 63) Between 7.0 m and 17.0 m 64) -11 cm (x component), -4.5 cm (y component) 65) 42 m/s at 31° north of west 66) (a) A x = 5.5 cm, A y = 0 cm (b) B x = -6.5 cm, B y = 3.8 cm
(c) R x = -1.0 cm, Ry = 3.8 cm (d) 3.9 cm at 75° above the -x axis 67) 1.6 lb, 312° 68) 35 m at 39° north of east 69) (a) B (b) A 70) 14.4 m 71) 85 m at 5.4° above the +x-axis 72) (a) 185 N (b) 77.8° above the +x-axis 73) (a) A x = 65 cm, A y = 38 cm (b) B x = -25 cm, B y = 0 cm (c) C x = -28 cm, C y = -28 cm (d) Rx = 12 cm, Ry = 9 cm (e) 15 cm at 38° above the +x-axis
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Topic 3 Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car is traveling at 26.0 m/s when the driver 1)
suddenly applies the brakes, causing the car to slow down with constant acceleration. The car comes to a stop in a distance of 120 m. How fast was the car moving when it was 60.0 m past the point where the brakes were applied? A) 9.20 m/s B) 12.1 m/s C) 22.5 m/s D) 18.4 m/s E) 15.0 m/s 2) Proportional Reasoning: A car is able to stop in a distance d. Assuming the same braking
2)
force (and therefore the same acceleration), what distance does this car require to stop when it is traveling twice as fast? A) 4d B) 2d C) d D) 2 2d E) 2d 3) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car initially traveling at 60 km/h accelerates at a
3)
constant rate of 2.0 m/s2. How much time is required for the car to reach a speed of 90 km/h? A) 15 s B) 4.2 s C) 45 s D) 30 s 4) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: An object is moving in a straight line with constant
4)
acceleration. Initially it is traveling at 16 m/s. Three seconds later it is traveling at 10 m/s. How far does it move during this time? A) 48 m B) 30 m C) 57 m D) 39 m 5) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A baseball is hit with a bat and, as a result, its
5)
direction is completely reversed and its speed is doubled. If the actual contact with the bat lasts 0.45 s, what is the ratio of the magnitude of the average acceleration of the ball to its original speed? A) 0.15 s-1 B) 2.2 s-1 C) 6.7 s-1 D) 4.4 s-1 6) Free Fall: To determine the height of a bridge above the water, a person drops a stone
6)
and measures the time it takes for it to hit the water. If the height of the bridge is 41 m, how long will it take for the stone to hit the water? Neglect air resistance. A) 2.9 s B) 3.2 s C) 2.3 s D) 3.6 s E) 2.6 s 7) Velocity: Which of the following quantities has units of a velocity? (There could be
more than one correct choice.) A) -120 m/s B) 40 km southwest C) 9.8 m/s downward D) 9.8 m/s2 downward E) 186,000 mi 1
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7)
8) Displacement: Which of the following quantities has units of a displacement? (There
8)
could be more than one correct choice.) A) 186,000 mi B) -120 m/s C) 9.8 m/s2 D) 40 km southwest E) 32 ft/s2 vertically downward 9) Graphical Analysis: Which of the following graphs represent an object at rest? (There
could be more than one correct choice.)
A) graph a
B) graph b
C) graph c
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D) graph d
E) graph e
9)
10) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A bicyclist starts a timed race at 6.0 mi/h. In order to
10)
win, he must average 21 mi/h. Assuming constant acceleration from the start, how fast must he be traveling at the end of the race? A) 42 mi/h B) 30 mi/h C) 24 mi/h D) 36 mi/h 11) Acceleration: A car is traveling north at 17.7 m/s. After 12 s its velocity is 14.1 m/s in
11)
the same direction. Find the magnitude and direction of the car's average acceleration. A) 2.7 m/s2, north B) 0.30 m/s2, north C) 2.7 m/s2, south D) 0.30 m/s2, south 12) Free Fall: An object is thrown upwards with a speed of 13 m/s. How long does it take to
12)
reach a height of 4.0 m above the projection point while descending? Neglect air resistance. A) 0.42 s B) 2.3 s C) 1.2 s D) 4.2 s E) 3.1 s 13) Velocity: A polar bear starts at the North Pole. It travels 1.0 km south, then 1.0 km east,
13)
and then 1.0 km north to return to its starting point. This trip takes 45 min. What was the bear's average velocity? A) 4.0 km/h B) 0.00 km/h C) 0.067 km/h D) 5.3 km/h 14) Acceleration: Under what condition is average velocity equal to the average of the
14)
object's initial and final velocity? A) This can only occur if there is no acceleration. B) The acceleration must be constantly increasing. C) The acceleration is constant. D) The acceleration must be constantly decreasing. E) This can occur only when the velocity is zero. 15) Graphical Analysis: If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the
15)
object is A) at rest. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) moving with increasing speed. D) moving with zero acceleration. 16) Velocity: An airplane travels at 300 mi/h south for 2.00 h and then at 250 mi/h north for
750 miles. What is the average speed for the trip? A) 270 mi/h B) 260 mi/h C) 275 mi/h
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D) 280 mi/h
16)
17) Free Fall: A ball is projected upward at time t = 0 s, from a point on a flat roof 90 m
17)
above the ground. The ball rises and then falls with insignificant air resistance, missing the roof, and strikes the ground. The initial velocity of the ball is 80.5 m/s. Consider all quantities as positive in the upward direction. The vertical velocity of the ball when it is 89 m above the ground is closest to A) -64 m/s. B) -32 m/s. C) -97 m/s. D) -48 m/s. E) -81 m/s. 18) Acceleration: If the velocity of an object is zero, then that object cannot be accelerating. A) True
18)
B) False
19) Proportional Reasoning: Car A is traveling at twice the speed of car B. They both hit the
19)
brakes at the same time and decrease their velocities at the same rate. If car B travels a distance D before stopping, how far does car A travel before stopping? A) D/4 B) 2D C) D/2 D) 4D E) D 20) Acceleration: Suppose that a car traveling to the west begins to slow down as it
20)
approaches a traffic light. Which of the following statements about its acceleration is correct? A) Since the car is slowing down, its acceleration must be negative. B) The acceleration is toward the west. C) The acceleration is zero. D) The acceleration is toward the east. 21) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A certain test car can go from rest to 32.0 m/s in 3.88
21)
s. The same car can come to a full stop from that speed in 4.14 s. What is the ratio of the magnitude of the starting acceleration to the stopping acceleration? A) 1.14 B) 1.07 C) 0.937 D) 0.878 22) Proportional Reasoning: In the absence of air resistance, a ball is thrown vertically
22)
upward with initial speed v. An identical ball is thrown upward with initial speed 2v. If the first ball reaches a maximum height h, what maximum height will the second ball reach? A) 8h B) 2h C) 4h D) 2h E) h 23) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: An object starts from rest and undergoes uniform
acceleration. During the first second it travels 5.0 m. How far will it travel during the third second? A) 45 m B) 5.0 m C) 15 m D) 25 m
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23)
24) Acceleration: A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This
24)
track has markers spaced at equal distances along it from the start, as shown in the figure. The car reaches a speed of 140 km/h as it passes marker 2.
Where on the track was the car when it was traveling at half this speed, that is at 70 km/h? A) Before marker 1 B) Between marker 1 and marker 2 C) At marker 1 25) Free Fall: Abby throws a ball straight up and times it. She sees that the ball goes by the
25)
top of a flagpole after 0.50 s and reaches the level of the top of the pole after a total elapsed time of 4.1 s. What was the speed of the ball at launch? Neglect air resistance. A) 34 m/s B) 23 m/s C) 11 m/s D) 48 m/s E) 45 m/s 26) Velocity: A motorist makes a trip of 180 miles. For the first 90 miles she drives at a
26)
constant speed of 30 mph. At what constant speed must she drive the remaining distance if her average speed for the total trip is to be 40 mph? A) 52.5 mph B) 50 mph C) 55 mph D) 45 mph E) 60 mph 27) Acceleration: An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +2.0
27)
m/s2. This means the object A) is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second. B) is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second. C) travels 2.0 m in every second. D) is traveling at 2.0 m/s. 28) Graphical Analysis: An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x
direction. The position versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve.
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28)
29) Graphical Analysis: The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as it travels
29)
along the x-axis.
At what value of t is the speed of the particle equal to 0 m/s? A) 0 s B) 1 s C) 2 s D) 3 s
E) 4 s
30) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: Car A is traveling at 22.0 m/s and car B at 29.0 m/s.
30)
Car A is 300 m behind car B when the driver of car A accelerates his car with a uniform forward acceleration of 2.40 m/s2. How long after car A begins to accelerate does it take car A to overtake car B? A) 316 s B) 19.0 s C) 12.6 s D) 5.50 s E) Car A never overtakes car B. 31) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: An airplane needs to reach a forward velocity of
31)
203.0 km/h to take off. On a 2000-m runway, what is the minimum uniform acceleration necessary for the plane to take flight if it starts from rest? A) 0.87 m/s2 B) 0.95 m/s2 C) 1.0 m/s2 D) 0.79 m/s2 32) Free Fall: A rock is projected upward from the surface of the Moon, at time t = 0 s, with
an upward velocity of 30.0 m/s. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the Moon is 1.62 m/s2, and the Moon has no atmosphere. The height of the rock when it is descending with a speed of 20.0 m/s is closest to A) 135 m. B) 154 m. C) 145 m. D) 115 m. E) 125 m.
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32)
33) Graphical Analysis: The figure shows a graph of the position x of two cars, C and D, as a
33)
function of time t.
According to this graph, which statements about these cars must be true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) At time t = 10 s, both cars have the same velocity. B) The cars meet at time t = 10 s. C) The magnitude of the acceleration of car C is less than the magnitude of the acceleration of car D. D) The magnitude of the acceleration of car C is greater than the magnitude of the acceleration of car D. E) Both cars have the same acceleration. 34) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car is traveling with a constant speed of 30.0 m/s
34)
when the driver suddenly applies the brakes, causing the car to slow down with a constant acceleration. The car comes to a stop in a distance of 120 m. What was the acceleration of the car as it slowed down? A) 4.00 m/s2 B) 4.50 m/s2 C) 4.25 m/s2 D) 4.75 m/s2 E) 3.75 m/s2 35) Free Fall: A ball is thrown straight up, reaches a maximum height, then falls to its initial
height. Which of the following statements about the direction of the velocity and acceleration of the ball as it is going up is correct? A) Both its velocity and its acceleration point upward. B) Its velocity points upward and its acceleration points downward. C) Both its velocity and its acceleration points downward. D) Its velocity points downward and its acceleration points upward.
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35)
36) Acceleration: Suppose that an object is moving with a constant velocity. Which
36)
statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) The acceleration is a constant non-zero value. B) The acceleration is constantly increasing. C) The acceleration is constantly decreasing. D) The acceleration is equal to zero. 37) Displacement: An object moves 15.0 m north and then 11.0 m south. Find both the
37)
distance it has traveled and the magnitude of its displacement. A) 26.0 m, 4.0 m B) 26.0 m, 26.0 m C) 4.0 m, 4.0 m D) 4.0 m, 26.0 m 38) Acceleration: The velocity v(t) of a particle as a function of time is given by v(t) = (2.3
38)
m/s) + (4.1 m/s2)t - (6.2 m/s3)t2. What is the average acceleration of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 2.0 s? A) 13 m/s2 B) -13 m/s2 C) 0 m/s2 D) -15 m/s2 E) 15 m/s2 39) Proportional Reasoning: Two cars are traveling at the same speed and hit the brakes at
39)
the same time. Car A decelerates (decreases its velocity) at twice the rate of car B. If car A travels a distance D before stopping, how far does car B travel before stopping? A) D/4 B) 2D C) D D) 4D E) D/2 40) Velocity: A runner runs around a track consisting of two parallel lines 96 m long
40)
connected at the ends by two semicircles with a radius of 49 m. She completes one lap in 100 seconds. What is her average velocity? A) 5.0 m/s B) 0 m/s C) 2.5 m/s D) 1.3 m/s E) 10 m/s 41) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car is moving with a speed of 32.0 m/s. The driver
sees an accident ahead and slams on the brakes, causing the car to slow down with a uniform acceleration of magnitude 3.50 m/s2. How far does the car travel after the driver put on the brakes until it comes to a stop? A) 4.57 m B) 146 m C) 9.14 m D) 112 m E) 292 m
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41)
42) Graphical Analysis: Which of the following graphs represent an object having zero
42)
acceleration?
A) only graph a B) only graph b C) graphs a and b D) graphs b and c E) graphs c and d 43) Free Fall: A bullet shot straight up returns to its starting point in 10 s. What is the initial
speed of the bullet, assuming negligible air resistance? A) 49 m/s B) 98 m/s C) 9.8 m/s
43)
D) 25 m/s
44) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car is traveling with a constant speed when the
44)
driver suddenly applies the brakes, causing the car to slow down with a constant acceleration of magnitude 3.50 m/s2. If the car comes to a stop in a distance of 30.0 m, what was the car's original speed? A) 14.5 m/s B) 10.2 m/s C) 315 m/s D) 210 m/s E) 105 m/s 45) Free Fall: A ball is thrown upward at a velocity of 19.6 m/s. What is its velocity after 3.0
s, assuming negligible air resistance? A) 0 m/s C) 9.8 m/s upward
B) 19.6 m/s downward D) 9.8 m/s downward 9
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45)
46) Graphical Analysis: The slope of a position versus time graph gives A) acceleration.
B) the distance traveled.
C) displacement.
D) velocity.
47) Free Fall: From the edge of a roof top you toss a green ball upwards with initial speed v0
46)
47)
and a blue ball downwards with the same initial speed. Air resistance is negligible. When they reach the ground below A) the green ball will be moving faster than the blue ball. B) the two balls will have the same speed. C) the blue ball will be moving faster than the green ball. 48) Free Fall: A laser is thrown upward with a speed of 12 m/s on the surface of planet X
48)
where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.5 m/s2 and there is no atmosphere. How long does it take for the laser to reach the maximum height? A) 8.0 s B) 14 s C) 11 s D) 16 s 49) Free Fall: A ball is thrown straight upward from ground level with a speed of 18 m/s.
49)
How much time passes before the ball strikes the ground if we disregard air resistance? A) 3.7 s B) 1.8 s C) 0.6 s D) 1.1 s 50) Free Fall: A stone is thrown with an initial upward velocity of 7.0 m/s and experiences
50)
negligible air resistance. If we take upward as the positive direction, what is the velocity of the stone after 0.50 s? A) 0.00 m/s B) -4.9 m/s C) 4.9 m/s D) 2.1 m/s E) -2.1 m/s 51) Displacement: Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. Make a
51)
comparison between the magnitude of the displacement and the distance traveled by this object. A) The displacement can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled. B) The displacement is always equal to the distance traveled. C) The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled. D) The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled. 52) Velocity: You leave on a 549-mi trip in order to attend a meeting that will start 10.8 h
after you begin your trip. Along the way you plan to stop for dinner. If the fastest you can safely drive is 65 mi/h, what is the longest time you can spend over dinner and still arrive just in time for the meeting? A) 2.6 h B) 1.9 h C) 2.4 h D) You can't stop at all.
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52)
53) Graphical Analysis: An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x
53)
direction. The velocity versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. 54) Graphical Analysis: The figure shows a graph of the velocity of an object as a function of
54)
time. What is the displacement of the object from 0 s to 6.0 s?
A) 80 m
B) 40 m
C) 100 m
D) 20 m
E) 60 m
55) Velocity: A runner runs around a track consisting of two parallel lines 96 m long
55)
connected at the ends by two semicircles with a radius of 49 m. She completes one lap in 100 seconds. What is her average speed? A) 5.0 m/s B) 10 m/s C) 2.5 m/s D) 0 m/s E) 1.3 m/s 56) Free Fall: Two objects are thrown from the top of a tall building. One is thrown up, and
56)
the other is thrown down, both with the same initial speed. What are their speeds when they hit the street? Neglect air resistance. A) The one thrown up is traveling faster. B) They are traveling at the same speed. C) The one thrown down is traveling faster. D) It is impossible to tell because the height of the building is not given. 57) Graphical Analysis: The slope of a velocity versus time graph gives A) the distance traveled.
B) displacement.
C) velocity.
D) acceleration.
57)
58) Acceleration: An airplane increases its speed at the average rate of 15 m/s2. How much
time does it take to increase its speed from 100 m/s to 160 m/s? A) 4.0 s B) 0.25 s C) 0.058 s 11
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D) 17 s
58)
59) Velocity: You drive 6.0 km at 50 km/h and then another 6.0 km at 90 km/h. Your
59)
average speed over the 12 km drive will be A) equal to 70 km/h. B) exactly 38 km/h. C) less than 70 km/h. D) greater than 70 km/h. E) It cannot be determined from the information given because we must also know directions traveled. 60) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A train starts from rest and accelerates uniformly
60)
until it has traveled 5.6 km and acquired a forward velocity of 42 m/s. The train then moves at a constant velocity of 42 m/s for 420 s. The train then slows down uniformly at 0.065 m/s2, until it is brought to a halt. The acceleration during the first 5.6 km of travel is closest to which of the following? A) 0.17 m/s2 B) 0.16 m/s2 C) 0.20 m/s2 D) 0.14 m/s2 E) 0.19 m/s2 61) Free Fall: When a ball is thrown straight up with no air resistance, the acceleration at its
highest point A) reverses from downward to upward. B) is upward. C) reverses from upward to downward. D) is downward. E) is zero.
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61)
62) Graphical Analysis: The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as it travels
62)
along the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the average speed of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s?
A) 0.50 m/s
B) 0.25 m/s
C) 0.67 m/s
D) 1.3 m/s
E) 1.0 m/s
63) Velocity: You are driving home on a weekend from school at 55 mi/h for 110 miles. It
63)
then starts to snow and you slow to 35 mi/h. You arrive home after driving 4 hours and 15 minutes. How far is your hometown from school? A) 200 mi B) 180 mi C) 190 mi D) 210 mi 64) Free Fall: A 10-kg rock and 20-kg rock are dropped from the same height and experience
64)
no significant air resistance. If it takes the 20-kg rock a time T to reach the ground, what time will it take the 10-kg rock to reach the ground? A) T/4 B) 4T C) T D) T/2 E) 2T 65) Free Fall: A ball is thrown downward in the absence of air resistance. After it has been
released, which statement(s) concerning its acceleration is correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Its acceleration is zero. B) Its acceleration is constantly increasing. C) Its acceleration is constant. D) Its acceleration is greater than g. E) Its acceleration is constantly decreasing.
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65)
66) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car is moving with a constant acceleration. At time
66)
t = 5.0 s its velocity is 8.0 m/s in the forward direction, and at time t = 8.0 s its velocity is 12.0 m/s forward. What is the distance traveled in that interval of time? A) 30 m B) 40 m C) 50 m D) 20 m E) 10 m 67) Free Fall: An object is dropped from a bridge. A second object is thrown downwards 1.0
67)
s later. They both reach the water 20 m below at the same instant. What was the initial speed of the second object? Neglect air resistance. A) 15 m/s B) 21 m/s C) 20 m/s D) 4.9 m/s E) 9.9 m/s 68) Free Fall: To determine the height of a flagpole, Abby throws a ball straight up and times
68)
it. She sees that the ball goes by the top of the pole after 0.50 s and then reaches the top of the pole again after a total elapsed time of 4.1 s. How high is the pole above the point where the ball was launched? Neglect air resistance. A) 13 m B) 26 m C) 18 m D) 10 m E) 16 m 69) Graphical Analysis: If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a straight line
69)
making an angle of +30° (counter clockwise) with the time axis, the object is A) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. B) moving with increasing acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with constant non-zero speed. 70) Free Fall: A 10-kg rock and a 20-kg rock are dropped at the same time and experience no
70)
significant air resistance. If the 10-kg rock falls with acceleration a, what is the acceleration of the 20-kg rock? A) a/2 B) a C) 2a D) 4a E) a/4 71) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: Starting from rest, a dragster travels a straight 1/4 mi
71)
racetrack in 6.70 s with constant acceleration. What is its velocity when it crosses the finish line? A) 135 mi/h B) 269 mi/h C) 296 mi/h D) 188 mi/h 72) Velocity: A light-year is the distance that light travels in one year. The speed of light is
3.00 × 108 m/s. How many miles are there in one light-year? (1 mi = 1609 m, 1 y = 365 d) A) 9.46 × 1012 mi B) 9.46 × 1015 mi C) 5.88 × 1015 mi D) 5.88 × 1012 mi
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72)
73) Acceleration: Suppose that a car traveling to the west (-x direction) begins to slow down
73)
as it approaches a traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) Its acceleration is positive. B) Its acceleration is zero. C) Its acceleration is negative. D) Its acceleration is decreasing in magnitude as the car slows down. 74) Free Fall: A toy rocket is launched vertically from ground level at time t = 0.00 s. The
74)
rocket engine provides constant upward acceleration during the burn phase. At the instant of engine burnout, the rocket has risen to 81 m and acquired an upward velocity of 40 m/s. The rocket continues to rise with insignificant air resistance in unpowered flight, reaches maximum height, and falls back to the ground. The upward acceleration of the rocket during the burn phase is closest to A) 9.9 m/s2. B) 8.7 m/s2. C) 9.3 m/s2. D) 9.0 m/s2. E) 9.6 m/s2. 75) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A jet plane is launched from a catapult on an aircraft
75)
carrier. In 2.0 s it reaches a speed of 42 m/s at the end of the catapult. Assuming the acceleration is constant, how far did it travel during those 2.0 s? A) 84 m B) 24 m C) 16 m D) 42 m 76) Free Fall: A ball is projected upward at time t = 0 s, from a point on a flat roof 10 m
76)
above the ground. The ball rises and then falls with insignificant air resistance, missing the roof, and strikes the ground. The initial velocity of the ball is 58.5 m/s. Consider all quantities as positive in the upward direction. At time t = 5.97 s, the vertical velocity of the ball is closest to A) 0 m/s. B) -12 m/s. C) +12 m/s. D) -175 m/s. E) +175 m/s. 77) Free Fall: A hammer is thrown upward with a speed of 14 m/s on the surface of planet X
77)
where the acceleration due to gravity is 3.5 m/s2 and there is no atmosphere. What is the speed of the hammer after 8.0 s? A) 14 m/s B) 64 m/s C) 21 m/s D) 7.0 m/s 78) Acceleration: If the velocity of an object is zero at some point, then its acceleration must
also be zero at that point. A) True
B) False
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78)
79) Graphical Analysis: A child standing on a bridge throws a rock straight down. The rock
leaves the child's hand at time t = 0 s. If we take upward as the positive direction, which of the graphs shown below best represents the velocity of the stone as a function of time? A)
B)
C)
D)
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79)
E)
80) Acceleration: Suppose that a car traveling to the east (+x direction) begins to slow down
80)
as it approaches a traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) Its acceleration is in the -x direction. B) Its acceleration is zero. C) Its acceleration is in the +x direction. D) Its acceleration is decreasing in magnitude as the car slows down. 81) Free Fall: An object is thrown upwards with a speed of 16 m/s. How long does it take it
to reach a height of 7.0 m on the way up? Neglect air resistance. A) 0.52 s B) 1.2 s C) 2.4 s D) 4.2 s
81)
E) 3.1 s
82) Free Fall: To determine the height of a bridge above the water, a person drops a stone
82)
and measures the time it takes for it to hit the water. If the time is 2.3 s, what is the height of the bridge? Neglect air resistance. A) 14 m B) 52 m C) 32 m D) 26 m E) 10 m 83) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A cart starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at
83)
4.0 m/s2 for 5.0 s. It next maintains the velocity it has reached for 10 s. Then it slows down at a steady rate of 2.0 m/s2 for 4.0 s. What is the final speed of the car? A) 12 m/s B) 16 m/s C) 10 m/s D) 20 m/s 84) Acceleration: An auto manufacturer advertises that their car can go "from zero to sixty in
eight seconds." This is a description of what characteristic of the car's motion? A) average speed B) instantaneous speed C) instantaneous acceleration D) displacement E) average acceleration
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84)
85) Acceleration: A racquetball strikes a wall with a speed of 30 m/s and rebounds in the
85)
opposite direction with a speed of 26 m/s. The collision takes 20 ms. What is the average acceleration of the ball during the collision with the wall? A) 200 m/s2 B) 0 m/s2 C) 2800 m/s2 D) 1500 m/s2 E) 1300 m/s2 86) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car increases its forward velocity uniformly from
86)
40 m/s to 80 m/s while traveling a distance of 200 m. What is its acceleration during this time? A) 24 m/s2 B) 9.6 m/s2 C) 8.0 m/s2 D) 12 m/s2 87) Velocity: Consider a car that travels between points A and B. The car's average speed
87)
can be greater than the magnitude of its average velocity, but the magnitude of its average velocity can never be greater than its average speed. A) True B) False 88) Free Fall: An instrument is thrown upward with a speed of 15 m/s on the surface of
88)
planet X where the acceleration due to gravity is 2.5 m/s2 and there is no atmosphere. How long does it take for the instrument to return to where it was thrown? A) 6.0 s B) 12 s C) 8.0 s D) 10 s 89) Free Fall: Two objects are dropped from a bridge, an interval of 1.0 s apart. Air
89)
resistance is negligible. During the time that both objects continue to fall, their separation A) decreases. B) stays constant. C) decreases at first, but then stays constant. D) increases. E) increases at first, but then stays constant. 90) Graphical Analysis: An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x
90)
direction. The position versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. 91) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: An airplane starts from rest and accelerates at a
constant 10.8 m/s2. What is its speed at the end of a 400 m-long runway? A) 93.0 m/s B) 4320 m/s C) 37.0 m/s D) 186 m/s
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E) 65.7 m/s
91)
92) Proportional Reasoning: A car moving initially with speed v0 slows down with an
92)
acceleration of magnitude a and comes to a full stop after traveling a distance d. What was the speed of the car when it had traveled half that distance, d/2? A) v0/ 2 B) v0/8 C) v0/4 D) v0/2 93) Acceleration: If the acceleration of an object is zero, then that object cannot be moving. A) True
93)
B) False
94) Proportional Reasoning: Two athletes jump straight up. John has twice the initial speed
94)
of Harry. Compared to Harry, John stays in the air A) twice as long as Harry. B) four times as long as Harry. C) three times as long as Harry. D) 0.50 times as long as Harry. E) the same time as Harry. 95) Free Fall: A test rocket at ground level is fired straight up from rest with a net upward
95)
acceleration of 20 m/s2. After 4.0 s, the motor turns off but the rocket continues to coast upward with insignificant air resistance. What maximum elevation does the rocket reach? A) 490 m B) 330 m C) 410 m D) 320 m E) 160 m 96) Free Fall: Abby throws a ball straight up and times it. She sees that the ball goes by the
96)
top of a flagpole after 0.50 s and reaches the level of the top of the pole after a total elapsed time of 4.1 s. What was the speed of the ball at as it passed the top of the flagpole? Neglect air resistance. A) 16 m/s B) 29 m/s C) 33 m/s D) 6.4 m/s E) 18 m/s 97) Free Fall: Ball A is dropped from the top of a building. One second later, ball B is
97)
dropped from the same building. Neglect air resistance. As time progresses, the difference in their speeds A) decreases. B) remains constant. C) increases. D) cannot be determined from the information given. 98) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A train starts from rest and accelerates uniformly
until it has traveled 2.1 km and acquired a forward velocity of 24 m/s. The train then moves at a constant velocity of 24 m/s for 400 s. The train then slows down uniformly at 0.065 m/s2, until it is brought to a halt. The distance traveled by the train while slowing down is closest to A) 4.4 km. B) 3.8 km. C) 4.0 km. D) 3.6 km. E) 4.2 km.
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98)
99) Proportional Reasoning: Two identical objects A and B fall from rest from different
99)
heights to the ground. If object B takes twice as long as object A to reach the ground, what is the ratio of the heights from which A and B fell? Neglect air resistance. A) hA /hB = 1/8 B) hA /hB = 1/2 C) hA /hB = 1/4 D) hA /hB = 1/ 2 100) Velocity: If you are driving 72 km/h along a straight road and you look to the side for 4.0
s, how far do you travel during this inattentive period? A) 18 m B) 80 m C) 20 m
100)
D) 40 m
101) Graphical Analysis: An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x
101)
direction. The velocity versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. 102) Free Fall: A 10-kg rock and a 20-kg rock are thrown upward with the same initial speed
102)
v0 and experience no significant air resistance. If the 10-kg rock reaches a maximum height h, what maximum height will the 20-kg ball reach? A) h/4 B) 2h C) h/2 D) 4h E) h 103) Free Fall: A toy rocket is launched vertically from ground level at time t = 0.00 s. The
rocket engine provides constant upward acceleration during the burn phase. At the instant of engine burnout, the rocket has risen to 64 m and acquired an upward velocity of 60 m/s. The rocket continues to rise with insignificant air resistance in unpowered flight, reaches maximum height, and falls back to the ground. The time interval during which the rocket engine provided the upward acceleration, is closest to A) 1.7 s. B) 2.3 s. C) 1.5 s. D) 1.9 s. E) 2.1 s.
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103)
104) Graphical Analysis: The motion of a particle is described in the velocity vs. time graph
104)
shown in the figure.
Over the nine-second interval shown, we can say that the speed of the particle A) remains constant. B) decreases and then increases. C) only increases. D) only decreases. E) increases and then decreases. 105) Free Fall: A laser is thrown upward with a speed of 12 m/s on the surface of planet X
105)
where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.5 m/s2 and there is no atmosphere. What is the maximum height reached by the laser? A) 144 m B) 18 m C) 48 m D) 8.0 m 106) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car starting from rest accelerates at a constant 2.0
106)
m/s2 for 10 s. It then travels with constant speed it has achieved for another 10 s. Then it finally slows to a stop with constant acceleration of magnitude 2.0 m/s2. How far does it travel after starting? A) 300 m B) 500 m C) 200 m D) 400 m 107) Displacement: Consider a deer that runs from point A to point B. The distance the deer
runs can be greater than the magnitude of its displacement, but the magnitude of the displacement can never be greater than the distance it runs. A) True B) False
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107)
108) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car travels at 15 m/s for 10 s. It then speeds up
108)
with a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 for 15 s. At the end of this time, what is its velocity? A) 375 m/s B) 45 m/s C) 15 m/s D) 30 m/s 109) Graphical Analysis: The motions of a car and a truck along a straight road are
109)
represented by the velocity-time graphs in the figure. The two vehicles are initially alongside each other at time t = 0.
At time T, what is true of the distances traveled by the vehicles since time t = 0? A) The truck will not have moved. B) The car will have travelled further than the truck. C) They will have traveled the same distance. D) The truck will have travelled further than the car. 110) Velocity: A runner ran the marathon (approximately 42.0 km) in 2 hours and 57 min.
What was the average speed of the runner in m/s? A) 3.95 m/s B) 14.2 m/s C) 124 m/s
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D) 14,200 m/s
110)
111) Graphical Analysis: The figure shows a graph of the velocity of an object as a function of
111)
time. What is the displacement of the object from 0 s to 8.0 s?
A) 80 m
B) 100 m
C) 20 m
D) 40 m
E) 60 m
112) Free Fall: A toy rocket is launched vertically from ground level at time t = 0 s. The
112)
rocket engine provides constant upward acceleration during the burn phase. At the instant of engine burnout, the rocket has risen to 49.0 m and acquired an upward velocity of 60.0 m/s. The rocket continues to rise with insignificant air resistance in unpowered flight, reaches maximum height, and falls back to the ground. The maximum height reached by the rocket is closest to A) 209 m. B) 221 m. C) 244 m. D) 256 m. E) 233 m. 113) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car accelerates from 5.0 m/s to 21 m/s at a constant
113)
rate of 3.0 m/s2. How far does it travel while accelerating? A) 207 m
B) 41 m
C) 117 m
D) 69 m
114) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: Acceleration is sometimes expressed in multiples of
114)
g, where g = 9.8 m/s2 is the acceleration of an object due to the earth's gravity. In a car crash, the car's forward velocity may go from 29 m/s to 0 m/s in 0.15 s. How many g's are experienced, on average, by the driver? A) 20 g B) 26 g C) 14 g D) 24 g 115) Velocity: A polar bear starts at the North Pole. It travels 1.0 km south, then 1.0 km east,
115)
and then 1.0 km north to return to its starting point. This trip takes 45 min. What was the bear's average speed? A) 4.0 km/h B) 5.3 km/h C) 0.00 km/h D) 0.067 km/h 116) Velocity: What must be your average speed in order to travel 350 km in 5.15 h? A) 69.0 km/h
B) 68.0 km/h
C) 66.0 km/h
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D) 67.0 km/h
116)
117) Velocity: When is the average velocity of an object equal to the instantaneous velocity?
117)
A) only when the velocity is increasing at a constant rate B) when the velocity is constant C) only when the velocity is decreasing at a constant rate D) always E) never 118) Free Fall: Human reaction time is usually greater than 0.10 s. If your friend holds a ruler
118)
between your fingers and releases it without warning, how far can you expect the ruler to fall before you catch it, assuming negligible air resistance? A) At least 6.8 cm B) At least 3.0 cm C) At least 9.8 cm D) At least 4.9 cm 119) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car starts from rest and accelerates at a steady 6.00
m/s2. How far does it travel in the first 3.00 s? A) 36.0 m B) 18.0 m C) 54.0 m
D) 9.00 m
E) 27.0 m
120) Velocity: A motorist travels 160 km at 80 km/h and 160 km at 100 km/h. What is the
average speed of the motorist for this trip? A) 91 km/h B) 84 km/h
C) 89 km/h
119)
120)
D) 90 km/h
121) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: Assuming equal rates of uniform acceleration in both
121)
cases, how much further would you travel if braking from 56 mi/h to rest than from 28 mi/h? A) 4.8 times farther B) 3.2 times farther C) 4 times farther D) 5.2 times farther 122) Free Fall: Suppose a ball is thrown straight up and experiences no appreciable air
122)
resistance. What is its acceleration just before it reaches its highest point? A) slightly less than g B) exactly g C) slightly greater than g D) zero 123) Proportional Reasoning: Two cars are traveling at the same speed and hit the brakes at
123)
the same time. Car A decelerates (decreases its velocity) at twice the rate of car B. If car B takes time T to stop, how long does it take car A to stop? A) T /2 B) 4T C) 2T D) T E) T/4 124) Free Fall: An astronaut stands by the rim of a crater on the Moon, where the acceleration
of gravity is 1.62 m/s2 and there is no air. To determine the depth of the crater, she drops a rock and measures the time it takes for it to hit the bottom. If the depth of the crater is 120 m, how long does it take for the rock to fall to the bottom of the crater? A) 12.2 s B) 3.04 s C) 37.5 s D) 32.1 s E) 29.3 s
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124)
125) Acceleration: If the velocity of an object is zero at one instant, what is true about the
125)
acceleration of that object? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The acceleration could be negative. B) The acceleration could be positive. C) The acceleration could be zero. D) The acceleration must be zero. 126) Free Fall: An astronaut stands by the rim of a crater on the Moon, where the acceleration
126)
of gravity is 1.62 m/s2 and there is no air. To determine the depth of the crater, she drops a rock and measures the time it takes for it to hit the bottom. If the time is 6.3 s, what is the depth of the crater? A) 14 m B) 32 m C) 26 m D) 38 m E) 10 m 127) Graphical Analysis: The graph in the figure shows the velocity of a particle as it travels
along the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s?
A) 1.7 m/s2 B) 0.33 m/s2 C) 2.0 m/s2 D) 3.0 m/s2 E) 2.5 m/s2
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127)
128) Graphical Analysis: A child standing on a bridge throws a rock straight down. The rock
leaves the child's hand at time t = 0 s. If we take upward as the positive direction, which of the graphs shown below best represents the acceleration of the stone as a function of time?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
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E) E
128)
129) Graphical Analysis: The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as it travels
129)
along the x-axis. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s?
A) 0.67 m/s
B) 0.25 m/s
C) 1.0 m/s
D) 1.3 m/s
E) 0.50 m/s
130) Velocity: A motorist travels for 3.0 h at 80 km/h and 2.0 h at 100 km/h. What is her
average speed for the trip? A) 85 km/h B) 90 km/h
C) 88 km/h
130)
D) 92 km/h
131) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A cart with an initial velocity of 5.0 m/s to the right
131)
experiences a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 to the right. What is the cart's displacement during the first 6.0 s of this motion? A) 66 m B) 55 m C) 80 m D) 10 m 132) Acceleration: Which of the following situations is impossible? A) An object has constant non-zero velocity and changing acceleration. B) An object has zero velocity but non-zero acceleration. C) An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed west. D) An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed east. E) An object has constant non-zero acceleration and changing velocity.
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132)
133) Free Fall: Brick A is dropped from the top of a building. Brick B is thrown straight down
133)
from the same building, and neither one experiences appreciable air resistance. Which statement about their accelerations is correct? A) The acceleration of B is greater than the acceleration of A. B) The two bricks have exactly the same acceleration. C) The acceleration of A is greater than the acceleration of B. D) Neither brick has any acceleration once it is released. 134) Free Fall: A ball is thrown downward from the top of a building with an initial speed of
134)
25 m/s. It strikes the ground after 2.0 s. How high is the building, assuming negligible air resistance? A) 20 m B) 30 m C) 70 m D) 50 m 135) Free Fall: A ball is thrown straight up with a speed of 36 m/s. How long does it take to
return to its starting point, assuming negligible air resistance? A) 3.7 s B) 11 s C) 15 s
D) 7.3 s
136) Graphical Analysis: The area under a curve in a velocity versus time graph gives A) displacement.
B) acceleration.
C) velocity.
135)
136)
D) position.
137) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 3.0
137)
m/s2 toward the north. A second car starts from rest 6.0 s later at the same point and accelerates uniformly at 5.0 m/s2 toward the north. How long after the second car starts does it overtake the first car? A) 24 s B) 21 s C) 12 s D) 19 s 138) Proportional Reasoning: Assuming equal rates of acceleration in both cases, how much
138)
longer would it take a car to stop if braking from 56 mi/h than from 28 mi/h? A) 1.4 times as long B) 2 times as long C) 8 times as long D) 4 times as long E) the same in both cases 139) Graphical Analysis: If the position versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the
object is A) at rest. B) moving with constant non-zero speed. C) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. D) moving with increasing speed.
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139)
140) Free Fall: A rock from a volcanic eruption is launched straight up into the air with no
appreciable air resistance. Which one of the following statements about this rock while it is in the air is correct? A) The acceleration is downward at all points in the motion. B) On the way up, its acceleration is downward and its velocity is upward, and at the highest point both its velocity and acceleration are zero. C) The acceleration is downward at all points in the motion except that is zero at the highest point. D) On the way down, both its velocity and acceleration are downward, and at the highest point both its velocity and acceleration are zero. E) Throughout the motion, the acceleration is downward, and the velocity is always in the same direction as the acceleration. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
141) Graphical Analysis: The graph in the figure shows the position of an object as a
function of time. The letters H-L represent particular moments of time.
(a) At which moment in time is the speed of the object the greatest? (b) At which moment in time is the speed of the object equal to zero?
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141)
140)
142) Graphical Analysis: The figure shows a graph of the position of a moving object
142)
as a function of time. What is the velocity of the object at each of the following times? (a) At t = 1.0 s (b) At t = 2.5 s (c) At t = 4.0 s (d) At t = 5.5 s
143) Acceleration: The captain orders his starship to accelerate from rest at a rate of "1
143)
g" (1 g = 9.8 m/s2). How many days does it take the starship to reach 10% the speed of light? (Light travels at 3.0 × 108 m/s.) 144) Constant Acceleration Kinematics: A soccer ball is released from rest at the top
144)
of a grassy incline. After 6.4 seconds the ball has rolled 91 m with constant acceleration, and 1.0 s later it reaches the bottom of the incline. (a) What was the ball's acceleration? (b) How long was the incline? 145) Free Fall: A foul ball is hit straight up into the air with a speed of 30 m/s, and air
resistance is negligible. (a) Calculate the time required for the ball to rise to its maximum height. (b) Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball above the point where it hit the bat. (c) Determine the times at which the ball passes a point 25 m above the point where it was hit by the bat. (d) Explain why there are two answers to part (c).
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145)
146) Graphical Analysis: The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as a
146)
function of time as it travels along the x-axis. (a) What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s? (b) What is the average speed of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 4.0 s?
147) Free Fall: At the same moment, one rock is dropped and one is thrown downward
147)
with an initial velocity of 29 m/s from the top of a building that is 300 m tall. How much earlier does the thrown rock strike the ground? Neglect air resistance. 148) Free Fall: An astronaut on a strange new planet having no atmosphere finds that
148)
she can jump up to a maximum height of 27 m when her initial upward speed is 6.0 m/s. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the planet? 149) Velocity: A bat, flying toward the east at 2.0 m/s, emits a shriek that is reflected
149)
back to it from a wall that is 20.0 m in front of the bat at the instant the shriek is emitted. Sound travels at 340 m/s in the air. How many milliseconds after emitting the shriek does the bat hear the reflected echo from the wall? 150) Velocity: Arthur and Betty start walking toward each other when they are 100 m
apart. Arthur has a speed of 3.0 m/s and Betty has a speed of 2.0 m/s. How long does it take for them to meet?
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150)
151) Graphical Analysis: The graph in the figure shows the velocity of a particle as it
151)
travels along the x-axis. (a) In what direction (+x or -x) is the acceleration at t = 0.5 s? (b) In what direction (+x or -x) is the acceleration at t = 3.0 s? (c) What is the average acceleration of the particle between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s? (d) At what value of t is the instantaneous acceleration equal to 0 m/s2?
152) Graphical Analysis: The figure shows a graph of the velocity of an object as a
function of time. What is the acceleration of the object at the following times? (a) At 1.0 s (b) At 3.0 s
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152)
153) Free Fall: A rock is thrown directly upward from the edge of a flat roof of a
153)
building that is 56.3 meters tall. The rock misses the building on its way down, and is observed to strike the ground 4.00 seconds after being thrown. Take the acceleration due to gravity to have magnitude 9.80 m/s2 and neglect any effects of air resistance. With what speed was the rock thrown? 154) Displacement: If, in the figure, you start from the Bakery, travel to the Cafe, and
154)
then to the Art Gallery (a) what distance you have traveled? (b) what is your displacement?
155) Velocity: A race car circles 10 times around a circular 8.0-km track in 20 min.
155)
Using SI units (a) what is its average speed for the ten laps? (b) what is its average velocity for the ten laps? 156) Graphical Analysis: The figure shows a graph of the position of a moving object
as a function of time. (a) What is the average velocity of the object from t = 0 s to t = 4.0 s? (b) What is the average velocity of the object from t = 0 s to t = 6.0 s?
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156)
157) Graphical Analysis: The graph in the figure represents the velocity of a particle as
157)
it travels along the x-axis. What is the average acceleration of the particle between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s?
158) Graphical Analysis: The figure shows the velocity-versus-time graph for a
basketball player traveling up and down the court in a straight-line path. Find the displacement of the player (a) during the first two seconds. (b) between t = 4 s and t = 8 s.
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158)