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Full Test Bank for Managing Human Resources, 9e (Gomez-Mejia) Chapter 1 Meeting Present and Emerging Strategic Human Resource Challenges 1) As the director of HR, you are in a meeting with your corporate officers discussing the firm's deliberate use of personnel to gain a competitive edge in the marketplace. You are most likely discussing: A) human resource policies. B) corporate objectives. C) human resource strategies. D) line employees. Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 2) Tony works in the finance department as an accounting clerk. He keeps a time card and receives extra pay for any overtime he works. Tony is most likely a(n): A) exempt line employee. B) nonexempt staff employee. C) exempt staff employee. D) nonexempt line employee. Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 3) Salaried employees are also known as ________ employees. A) exempt B) senior C) staff D) line Answer: A Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

4) Which of the following is an environmental challenge faced by modern HR managers? A) Job insecurity B) Decentralization C) Globalization D) Self-managed work teams Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 5) Due to the increasing work pace and burnout in the United States, more workers are dealing with stress. According to your text, an increasing number of firms are choosing to: A) provide employees with stress-control programs. B) require employees to take longer breaks during the work day. C) encourage telecommuting, job sharing, and employment sabbaticals. D) inform potential employees of this challenge during the interviewing process. Answer: A Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 6) Which of the following is NOT true of the Internet Revolution as it relates to HRM? A) Writing skills are essential to effective e-mail communications. B) The recruiting, screening, and hiring process is streamlined. C) Online corporate training is surpassing classroom training. D) Cross-cultural understanding is less important. Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Information technology Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 7) What is the primary reason for the rising importance of HR at firms over the last four decades? A) Market globalization B) Workforce diversity C) Employment laws D) Technology Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

8) A dual-career family is one in which: A) the major bread winner works two jobs. B) the wife is a homemaker and the husband works outside of the home. C) both husband and wife work. D) both husband and wife own their own business. Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 9) Firms are increasingly introducing family-friendly programs to: A) comply with federal EEO legislation. B) hire and retain the best workers. C) provide essential training. D) gain tax benefits. Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 10) Growth in service sector employment is most likely tied to: A) advances in technology that eliminate manufacturing jobs. B) the increasing number of women entering the workforce. C) increasing efforts to match individuals to the correct jobs. D) an overabundance of highly educated job candidates. Answer: A Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 11) The need for skilled employees in the United States has: A) intensified in the service sector due to technology advancements. B) decreased because the number of jobs requiring a college education has declined. C) leveled off because government programs have improved skill levels of the workforce. D) decreased due to the rising number of highly-educated immigrants in the technology field. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

12) Companies spend around ________ billion dollars each year on employee training programs. A) 20 B) 35 C) 60 D) 70 Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 13) Which of the following would not be measured by a job simulation? A) Effective handling of irate customers B) Technical applications of project management C) Ability to work in a multi-ethnic environment D) Sound judgment when faced with ethical dilemmas Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 14) HR policies affect a firm's competitive position in all of the following ways EXCEPT by: A) improving quality. B) controlling costs. C) creating distinctive capabilities. D) developing mission statements. Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 15) Which term refers to transferring responsibility and decision-making authority from a central office to people closer to the situation that demands attention? A) Decentralization B) Restructuring C) Downsizing D) Outsourcing Answer: A Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

16) The current trend to downsize most likely results in: A) higher worker output. B) better decision making. C) lower salary expenditures. D) greater workforce diversity. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 17) Organizational restructuring over the past two decades has primarily led to firms with: A) more managers and fewer laborers as automation eliminates lower-level jobs. B) fewer people between the CEO and the lowest-ranking worker. C) fewer self-managed work teams. D) more mid-level managers. Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 18) Self-managed work teams are: A) an uncommon method of managing a small business. B) very costly to the companies that must pay benefits to team members. C) groups of peers in a company setting who take responsibility for a particular area or task. D) a positive contribution to large corporations who are worried about being too "top heavy." Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 19) According to research, the contributions that self-managed work teams offer a large firm are typically: A) minimal. B) very positive. C) apt to decline as firms become more decentralized. D) never significant enough to warrant a change in most businesses. Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

20) Organizational culture most likely refers to: A) ethical decisions in the workplace. B) an organization's mission and vision statements. C) basic beliefs shared by members of an organization. D) the non-pervasive atmosphere within which people work. Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 21) All of the following are key elements of organizational culture EXCEPT: A) working norms. B) language usage. C) dominant values. D) available technology. Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 22) A critical ethical issue for HR managers related to technology use in work environments is the: A) increase in authoritarian management. B) right to privacy. C) misuse of technology by self-managed work teams. D) overly close supervision of technology users. Answer: B Diff: 1 AACSB: Information technology Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 23) Knott's Construction builds one house every month. Mr. Knotts and Scott perform all the structural work themselves while they subcontract the plumbing and electrical work. This subcontracting is an example of: A) restructuring. B) recruiting. C) egalitarianism. D) outsourcing. Answer: D Diff: 1 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

24) What is the primary HR challenge of outsourcing? A) It raises labor costs because of overtime requirements. B) A firm is still accountable for the actions of its subcontractors, but it exercises less control over them. C) Subcontractors tend to take on less work than they can handle, which means that the firm needs to hire additional workers. D) Customers tend to be more satisfied with subcontractors than with regular employees, which creates conflict in the workplace. Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 25) When it comes to managers dealing with ethical issues, it is most safe to say that: A) what is ethical or unethical is seldom clear cut. B) issues clearly resolve themselves into right and wrong choices. C) ethical codes have significantly helped managers with ethical issues. D) employee expectations of ethical managerial behavior are rapidly declining. Answer: A Diff: 1 AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 26) Wilton Carpet and Flooring supports local children's sports teams by providing uniforms and practice gear. Which of the following terms best describes the activities of the firm? A) Outsourcing B) Egalitarianism C) Empowerment D) Social responsibility Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

27) Karl is trying to improve company productivity by focusing on employee competence. Karl is focusing on the ________ factor of productivity. A) motivation B) ethical behavior C) quality of work life D) ability Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 28) You are talking with a manager about one of his employees, Tom. The manager describes Tom as a person who has a strong desire to do the best possible job and put in the maximum effort to perform his assigned tasks. The manager is describing Tom's: A) abilities. B) capabilities. C) motivation. D) productivity level. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 29) Empowerment is best defined as: A) emphasizing the decision-making power of workers. B) requiring workers to perform tasks to avoid punishment. C) forcing workers to comply with external control mechanisms. D) losing talented workers to competitors and start-up ventures. Answer: A Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

30) One of your best MIS people quit to work for a competitor in a neighboring city. When she left, she took with her a partially completed proposal for an enhanced MIS system that would reduce costs and increase the speed of handling information. You've just experienced a: A) productivity shift. B) reverse brain drain. C) brain drain. D) glass ceiling. Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 31) Many profitable American companies eliminate jobs every year. This trend can most likely be attributed to which of the following factors? A) Decreasing benefits costs B) Decreasing retirement age C) Increasing corporate competition D) Increasing union membership Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

Additional Case 1.1 Managers at Caplin Company are having a strategic planning session with the director of HR. They are discussing the fit between the company's overall management philosophy, organizational structure, organizational culture, and the firm's current HR strategies. During the meeting, the management team asks the HR Director for a profile of the current workforce. The HR Director reports that the workforce used to be 85% white, 50% male. Now it is 50% white, 50% minority with twice as many women as men. Supervisors still tend to be white males. The management team discusses how to control costs, improve quality, and create distinctive capabilities. Several ideas are raised, discussed, and tabled; some topics are assigned to an individual for further exploration. Managers comment that some workers arrive at start time, take 30 minutes before initiating any work, and begin to pack up for the day 30 minutes before quitting time. Managers also indicate that employees do not seem concerned about working hard or about building quality products. As the meeting draws to a close, the team briefly discusses the firm's commitment to the surrounding community. As a cost-cutting measure, the firm eliminated its support of an adult literacy program last year. Company facilities were used for conducting reading classes. The management team decides that the firm should reinstate the program and appoints the HR Director to notify the local literacy council. 32) Refer to Additional Case 1.1. The change in the workforce at Caplin is an example of the environmental challenge of: A) decentralization. B) skill shortages. C) workforce diversity. D) rapid change. Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Skill: Application LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 33) Refer to Additional Case 1.1. Caplin's discussion of costs, quality, and capabilities shows that the firm is trying to address the: A) organizational challenge of competitive position. B) environmental challenge of rapid change. C) individual challenge of matching workers with jobs. D) market challenge of changing customer needs. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

34) Refer to Additional Case 1.1. Which of the following would most likely improve employee work habits at Caplin? A) Offering telecommuting opportunities to all employees B) Making adjustments to the firm's organizational culture C) Outsourcing most clerical jobs to overseas firms D) Implementing a focus strategy Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR Additional Case 1.3 Your company sells high-tech products throughout the world and is following a differentiation business strategy. The business environment for the company is volatile, rapidly changing, and highly complex. The company is highly entrepreneurial and has a strong moral commitment to quality products, employee job satisfaction, and corporate social responsibility. The management team has decided to create a common company culture among the various national and international subsidiaries. 35) Refer to Additional Case 1.3. What is the most likely benefit of creating a common culture at the firm? A) Lowering overall production costs B) Minimizing the need for additional employee training C) Enhancing international and domestic recruiting efforts D) Increasing cooperation among domestic and international employees Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 36) A human resource tactic refers to a firm's deliberate use of human resources to gain and maintain a competitive edge in the marketplace. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 37) More and more U.S. companies are forming global alliances and trying to develop worldwide cultures in order to smooth over differences among employees. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

38) The manufacturing sector is now growing more rapidly than the service sector in the U.S. economy. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 39) Training employees helps control an organization's costs and improve efficiency. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 40) TQM programs are designed to improve the quality of the processes used to produce products. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 41) Downsizing is a type of organizational restructuring. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 42) Norms, rules of the game, and organizational climate are elements of an organization's structure. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 43) A significant technology issue for HR is the proper use of the data that its information systems generate. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 AACSB: Information technology Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

44) Federal laws prevent firms from monitoring employees' use of the Internet. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 AACSB: Information technology Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 45) Groupware networks have enabled power and authority to spread more evenly among employees at firms. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 AACSB: Information technology Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 46) Research indicates that fast-growth firms benefit from having managers with marketing and sales backgrounds. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 47) Reverse brain drain refers to the trend of foreigners applying for visas to work in the United States. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 48) Firms with strong organizational cultures typically perform better than firms without such environments. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 49) People who work in an organization are called ________. Answer: human resources (HR) Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

50) A particular HR policy or program that helps to advance a firm's strategic goal is referred to as a(n) ________. Answer: human resource tactic Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 51) A(n) ________ is an employee involved directly in producing the company's good(s) or delivering the service(s). Answer: line employee Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 52) Forces external to a firm that affect the firm's performance but are beyond the control of management are called ________. Answer: environmental challenges Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 53) ________ is an organization-wide approach to improving the quality of all the processes that lead to a final product or service. Answer: TQM Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 54) ________ is the transferring of responsibility and decision-making authority from a central office to people and locations closer to the situation that demands attention. Answer: Decentralization Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 55) A reduction in a company's workforce to improve its bottom line is referred to as ________. Answer: downsizing Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

56) Beliefs that operate unconsciously and define, in a basic taken-for-granted fashion, an organization's view of itself and its environment refer to ________. Answer: organizational culture Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 57) ________ is subcontracting work to an outside company that specializes in and is more efficient at doing that kind of work. Answer: Outsourcing Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 58) A measure of how safe and satisfied employees feel with their jobs is referred to as ________. Answer: quality of work life Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 59) ________ provides workers with the skills and authority to make decisions that would traditionally be made by managers. Answer: Empowerment Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 60) How have technology advancements changed HRM? Discuss how these advancements allow HR managers to support line managers more effectively. Answer: Technology has increased the need for greater communication skills and ways to handle information overflow. The Internet has also created an open labor market. Online learning is now available, and many workers telecommute. Technology has allowed HR to focus on working with line managers to handle HR issues because details like benefits and payroll are handled more efficiently now. HR managers and line managers have more time to work together to implement programs that are designed to meet the firm's objectives. Diff: 1 AACSB: Information technology Skill: Synthesis LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR

61) What types of environmental and organizational challenges face corporations today? What HR strategies help firms handle some of these challenges to achieve and sustain competitive advantages? Answer: Environmental challenges include workforce diversity, skill shortages, globalization, and the rise of the Internet. HRM can handle workforce diversity by increasing cultural sensitivity, raising awareness of growing diversity in the workforce, implementing policies to help break the glass ceiling, and raising awareness of generation gap issues. Organizational challenges include decentralization, downsizing, and organizational restructuring. HR policies can help firms' competitive position by controlling costs, improving quality, and creating distinctive capabilities. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Synthesis LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 62) Review the major challenges at the individual level and offer ways HRM can assist organizations in meeting these challenges. Answer: Summary of suggested answer • Matching people, co-developing ethical codes, training, implementing better HRM decision processes. • Productivity - improving hiring, placing, training. • Recognizing motivational issues, developing strategies to enhance motivation. • Developing strategies to empower employees. • Identifying key employees and developing retention strategies to prevent brain drain. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Synthesis LO: 1.1: Describe the major challenges affecting HR 63) Strategic human resource planning is best defined as the process of: A) responding appropriately to HRM problems as they arise. B) winning the commitment of line management to support HRM practices. C) formulating HR strategies and establishing programs to implement them. D) training HR professionals with minimal input from line and staff management. Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies

64) Strategic human resource planning provides a number of benefits to a company, such as: A) relieving middle managers of their HRM responsibilities. B) blurring the difference between line and staff management. C) reducing costs by diversifying the company's goals and objectives. D) helping to identify the gap between a company's current situation and vision. Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 65) Molly heads a large company that has just experienced a major brain drain. She immediately increases compensation to new employees and gives each employee with over 10 years experience an extra 3 days of paid vacation per year. This is an example of: A) strategic HR planning. B) proactive HR strategy. C) reactive HR strategy. D) downsizing. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 66) Managers who rely on their personal views and experiences to solve problems are more likely to run the risk of: A) alienating employees who want to contribute to the decision-making process. B) undermining the long-term goals of the company by becoming too independent. C) taking on more responsibility than is necessary in any given business venture. D) making false assumptions about the business and threatening corporate profitability. Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 67) In order to stimulate critical thinking, the strategic HR planning process should most likely be: A) focused on day-to-day management issues. B) structured and specific. C) linked to corporate social responsibility. D) ongoing and flexible. Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

68) Which of the following is a primary challenge of strategic HR planning? A) Encouraging employees to accept empowerment strategies B) Reacting appropriately to problems in the internal and external environment C) Building HR strategies independent of the overall business strategy of the company D) Developing strategies that offer the firm a sustained competitive advantage Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 69) Kelly spends her day focusing on recruiting qualified employees for her growing company, reviewing benefit plans in order to offer competitive compensation packages, and creating online job postings. Kelly is most likely facing the strategic HR planning challenge of: A) reinforcing the overall business strategy with her HR strategies. B) concentrating too much on day-to-day problems. C) coping with the external environment. D) securing management commitment to her HR strategies. Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 70) Town House Publishing is implementing a new HR strategy, and to give it the best chance of succeeding, the HR department should most likely: A) increase diversity in the environment. B) ensure managers' commitment to the strategy. C) create a back-up strategy to implement in case the initial strategy fails. D) centralize management in order to communicate more effectively with employees. Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 71) Which of the following is a characteristic of most intended strategies? A) They mobilize responses from top management. B) They involve everyone in an organization. C) They develop gradually from experiences. D) They lack strong leadership. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

72) Emergent strategies generally: A) evolve and change as needs arise. B) involve only portions of an organization. C) encourage strong leadership within a firm. D) are less beneficial to a small company. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 73) Working on his HR strategic plan, Jose is thinking about whether to recommend specific job descriptions or broad job classes, and detailed or loose work planning. Jose is considering the HR strategic choice related to: A) performance appraisals. B) staffing. C) work flows. D) employee separations. Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 74) Which of the following is a strategic HR issue related to staffing? A) Imposing a hiring freeze to avoid laying off workers B) Developing an appraisal system for work teams C) Empowering supervisors to make hiring decisions D) Providing continuing support to terminated workers Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 75) When considering HR strategies regarding employee separations, managers must consider whether to: A) use layoffs or voluntary inducements to downsize a firm. B) encourage decentralization or centralization of the firm to better enhance employee relations. C) compensate long-term employees more than recent hires. D) create rigid job descriptions to separate the responsibilities of managers and subordinates. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 19 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

76) When developing performance appraisals, a firm needs to make strategic HR choices concerning: A) how appraisal data will be used in job descriptions. B) training programs for employees with substandard job performance. C) which kind of appraisal system (customized or standard) will work best for the organization. D) how to maintain the privacy of managers and employees while collecting data regarding their job performance. Answer: C Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 77) If an HR department is reviewing whether to use discipline as a control mechanism or as a proactive way to encourage appropriate behavior, it is considering its strategic choices within the HR function of: A) work flows. B) performance appraisals. C) employee rights. D) employee relations. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 78) Candles, Inc. is currently evaluating the ________ the firm gives its employees, including stock options, benefit packages, and raises based on performance. A) development B) compensation C) bonuses D) salary Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies

Additional Case 1.2 As the manager of HR of an old, established company, you are leading the management team in a strategic planning session. During the planning session, managers are being forced to think about the future, see the likely changes in the marketplace, and make plans to use company resources to enhance their competitive edge. The company decides that as part of its business strategy, it wants to attract and retain the best possible employees. You suggest that the company pay a hiring bonus, use a pay scale that is 10% above the industry average, and provide an extra week of vacation after only one year instead of the standard three years. 79) Refer to Additional Case 1.2. The most likely benefit of this strategic planning session is: A) communicating a specific business strategy for the firm. B) identifying the constraints and capabilities of the firm's HR. C) exploiting and expanding the firm's distinctive capabilities. D) identifying gaps between the current situation and a future vision. Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 80) Refer to Additional Case 1.2. If this firm chooses to also address its employee and labor relations, it should most likely: A) review its policy on union avoidance or support. B) develop policies to protect employee interests. C) decentralize union policy formation. D) promote exclusively from within. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 81) Refer to Additional Case 1.2. The HR strategies suggested are examples of: A) intended strategies. B) emergent strategies. C) diversification strategies. D) business unit strategies. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies

Additional Case 1.4 Crowe, Inc. has been a powerful steel producer for the last 15 years and predicts a profitable future. Crowe has a very secure position within the steel industry and does not plan to expand into different industries. Top managers exercise significant control over the firm. Crowe strives to develop new products and technologies. The company offers employees long-term career development and grooms employees for promotions through a highly structured HR system. In the past, the company's atmosphere has been very congenial and cohesive at all levels of the organization. Recently, there has been a noticeable shift in employee attitudes. Lower-level employees have expressed discontent about schedules, compensation, and training opportunities. Several employees have been fired, and many others have threatened to quit. 82) Refer to Additional Case 1.4. Which of the following questions is most relevant to the situation at Crowe? A) What tasks are outsourced by the firm? B) What is the firm's current rehiring policy? C) How frequently do managers receive performance appraisals? D) How is work flow structured and communicated by managers? Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 83) HR strategies that work for one company in an industry will work just as well for another company in the same industry, since business environments tend to be similar within industries. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 84) Emergent strategies provide organizations with a sense of purpose and a guide for allocating resources. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies

85) Work flow refers to how a specific task is organized to meet the production or service goals of a firm. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 86) The process of formulating HR strategies and establishing programs or tactics to implement them is called ________. Answer: strategic human resource planning Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 87) How do human resources influence a firm's performance? How does strategic HR planning benefit a firm? Answer: Companies compete for human resources, and those that are capable of attracting, retaining, and motivating good employees are more likely to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage. Strategic HR planning helps a company be proactive. It permits explicit communication of company goals. It stimulates critical thinking and examination of corporate assumptions. It identifies "gaps" between the current situation and the future vision of the company, and it encourages line management participation in HR functions. It enhances the identification of HR constraints and opportunities, and it helps create common bonds across the organization. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Synthesis LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies

88) What strategic choices does a company have regarding issues such as staffing and performance appraisals? How does the concept of fit relate to decisions made about such HR strategies? Answer: Summary of suggested answer • Staffing - internal vs. external recruitment, empowerment vs. centralization of decision making, informal vs. formal employee socialization. • Performance appraisal - standard or customized, development tool or control mechanism. An HR strategy's effect on firm performance is always dependent on how well it fits with other factors. This fact leads to a simple yet powerful prediction for HR strategies that has been widely supported by research. Fit leads to better performance, and lack of fit creates inconsistencies that reduce performance. Fit refers to the compatibility between HR strategies and other important aspects of the organization. Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Synthesis LO: 1.2: Outline key steps in planning and implementing strategic HR policies 89) Which term refers to the compatibility between HR strategies and other key aspects of an organization? A) Fit B) Unity C) Focus D) Centralization Answer: A Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 90) Which of the following is a true statement about the contribution of an HR strategy to an organization's performance? A) Firm performance decreases when too much overlap occurs with strategic planning. B) Firm performance decreases if HR strategy focuses too much on distinct competencies. C) Firm performance increases if department HR strategies are independent of each other. D) Firm performance increases when HR strategy matches unique organizational features. Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance

91) Which of the following is LEAST important when determining which HR strategies will positively impact a firm's performance? A) Organizational capabilities B) Organizational strategies C) Organizational characteristics D) Overall cost leadership strategy Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 92) For an HR strategic plan to fit with organizational strategies, it most likely needs to align with: A) individual employees' personal goals. B) work flows used by the organization. C) the firm's corporate and business unit strategies. D) the company's international management plans. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 93) An evolutionary firm would most likely: A) be a mixture of several different global firms. B) exhibit strong control over employees. C) be highly decentralized and flexible. D) discourage entrepreneurship. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 94) Which of the following HR strategies would most likely be appropriate for a firm implementing an overall cost leadership business strategy? A) Encourage innovation B) Recruit only from external sources C) Use performance appraisal as a control device D) Develop broad job classifications for work groups Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 25 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

95) Manvel Enterprises is implementing a differentiation strategy. Manvel will most likely: A) supervise its staff employees very closely. B) design a product for easy manufacture. C) strive for low-cost production. D) create a unique product. Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 96) An HR strategy that fits a company's differentiation strategy would most likely: A) emphasize innovation. B) pursue cost reductions. C) limit distribution costs. D) standardize appraisals. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 97) HR strategies that fit a company's focus strategy are best described as being: A) between those of a prospector and a defender strategy. B) identical to those of a company using a defender strategy. C) identical to those of a company using a low-cost strategy. D) between those of a differentiation and a low-cost strategy. Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 98) Firms that display a defender strategy will most likely: A) involve co-workers in the selection process. B) provide customized performance appraisals. C) encourage individual training. D) recruit externally. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance

99) Firms that are high on uncertainty or that operate in volatile environments would benefit most from HR strategies that involve: A) variable pay and flexibility. B) control emphasis and fixed pay. C) centralized pay decisions and explicit job descriptions. D) internal recruitment and a formal hiring process. Answer: A Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 100) Firms that are low on uncertainty and change, and that operate in stable environments would benefit most from HR strategies that involve: A) variable pay and flexibility. B) control emphasis and fixed pay. C) external recruitment and an informal hiring process. D) low dependency on superiors and tailored appraisal procedures. Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 101) A firm considering the volatility of its product market, the degree of change that its product is experiencing over the passing of time, and the number of competitors with which it is competing is probably examining its HR strategy's fit with: A) organizational characteristics. B) organizational capabilities. C) the environment. D) the customers. Answer: C Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 102) Which of the following is an aspect of an organization's "personality"? A) Empowerment strategies B) Outsourcing policies C) Litigation actions D) Market posture Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 27 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

103) Stacey notes that her firm is risk averse, operates with a flexible, delegating management style, and is outwardly focused. Stacey's observations describe which organizational characteristic of a company? A) The firm's market posture B) The firm's organizational structure C) The firm's management philosophy D) The organization's overall personality Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 104) A firm that encourages an entrepreneurial climate would most likely: A) implement a variable pay compensation system. B) display a strong top-down managerial preference. C) discourage innovation and risk taking among workers. D) rely on authoritarian employee-manager relationships. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 105) Mona is interested in buying a new computer. She has heard that Shell processors are on the low end of the cost spectrum and that the company offers an excellent warranty. Mona is focused on the firm's: A) multiple appraisal inputs. B) distinctive competencies. C) entrepreneurial climate. D) moral commitment. Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance

Additional Case 1.3 Your company sells high-tech products throughout the world and is following a differentiation business strategy. The business environment for the company is volatile, rapidly changing, and highly complex. The company is highly entrepreneurial and has a strong moral commitment to quality products, employee job satisfaction, and corporate social responsibility. The management team has decided to create a common company culture among the various national and international subsidiaries. 106) Refer to Additional Case 1.3. Which of the following HR strategies would most likely support the company's business strategy? A) Implementing highly structured procedures B) Using piece rate pay plans and bonuses C) Closely monitoring workers D) Encouraging creativity Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 107) Refer to Additional Case 1.3. The entrepreneurial climate and moral commitment are elements of this firm's: A) organizational culture. B) market posture. C) organizational structure. D) globalization strategy. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 108) Refer to Additional Case 1.3. The company's differentiation strategy is a type of: A) corporate strategy. B) defender strategy. C) emergent strategy. D) business unit strategy. Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance

Additional Case 1.4 Crowe, Inc. has been a powerful steel producer for the last 15 years and predicts a profitable future. Crowe has a very secure position within the steel industry and does not plan to expand into different industries. Top managers exercise significant control over the firm. Crowe strives to develop new products and technologies. The company offers employees long-term career development and grooms employees for promotions through a highly structured HR system. In the past, the company's atmosphere has been very congenial and cohesive at all levels of the organization. Recently, there has been a noticeable shift in employee attitudes. Lower-level employees have expressed discontent about schedules, compensation, and training opportunities. Several employees have been fired, and many others have threatened to quit. 109) Refer to Additional Case 1.4. Crowe could be best described as a: A) defender. B) prospector. C) reactive corporation. D) company with distinctive competencies. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 110) Refer to Additional Case 1.4. The corporate strategy that Crowe would most likely espouse is a(n): A) evolutionary business strategy. B) decentralizing strategy. C) cost-cutting strategy. D) steady state strategy. Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 111) The Cola Corporation controls a bottle factory, a root beer brewery, and a bottling plant. This mix of businesses on the part of Cola Corp. is referred to as the business unit strategy. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance

112) A corporation that values centralization, long-term career development, and internal grooming of employees has probably adopted a steady state strategy. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 113) Firms with evolutionary business strategies are less likely to acquire businesses in different industries. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 114) Prospector strategies are characterized by broad job classes, variable pay, and informal hiring processes. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 115) HR strategies need to fit a firm's overall management philosophy but may largely ignore the company's market posture and production processes, since those are line management responsibilities and HR has little impact on them. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 116) A firm's unique technical abilities and reputation are distinctive competencies. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 117) A(n) ________ is the formulation and implementation of strategies by a firm that is relatively autonomous, even if it is part of a larger corporation. Answer: business unit strategy Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 31 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

118) ________ are the characteristics that give a firm a competitive edge. Answer: Distinctive competencies Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 119) You are an HR manager working for a firm that is adhering to an overall cost leadership strategy. What HR strategies would fit the strategy of the firm and help the firm gain a competitive advantage? Answer: The overall cost leadership strategy is aimed at gaining a competitive advantage through lower costs. Cost leadership requires aggressive construction of efficient plant facilities (which requires sustained capital investment), intense supervision of labor, vigorous pursuit of cost reductions, and tight control of distribution costs and overhead. Low-cost firms tend to emphasize structured tasks and responsibilities, products designed for easy manufacture, and the need to predict costs with minimal margin of error. The HR strategies that fit a low-cost orientation emphasize efficient, low-cost production; reinforce adherence to rational, highly structured procedures to minimize uncertainty; and discourage creativity and innovation (which may lead to costly experimentation and mistakes). Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Synthesis LO: 1.3: Understand the various HR strategies that companies use to increase firm performance 120) Which organizational challenge has the most significant impact on a firm's competitive advantage? A) Controlling costs B) Overseeing expatriation C) Developing joint ventures D) Establishing a corporate culture Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.4: Outline HR best practices 121) Which term refers to an organization-wide approach to improving the quality of all the processes that lead to a final product or service? A) Decentralization strategy B) Total Quality Management C) Human Resource Scorecard D) Organizational restructuring Answer: B Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.4: Outline HR best practices 32 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

122) Which of the following has aided decentralization in many companies? A) Cost-cutting B) Federal support C) Internet technology D) Corporate orientation Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Information technology Skill: Concept LO: 1.4: Outline HR best practices 123) Rudy is writing a report about the challenges at the individual-level his firm is facing. Which of the following topics would be LEAST relevant to the report? A) Motivating employees B) Encouraging ethical behavior C) Outsourcing low-paying jobs D) Retaining high-performing employees Answer: C Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.4: Outline HR best practices 124) A study of fast-growth firms shows that they are more likely to employ managers who are: A) structured. B) risk-takers. C) entrepreneurs. D) technically competent. Answer: B Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.4: Outline HR best practices 125) A periodic review of the effectiveness with which a company uses its human resources is called a(n) ________. Answer: HR audit Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.4: Outline HR best practices

126) The primary role of HR is to: A) alleviate the personnel management responsibility from managers. B) develop technical expertise for effective recruiting. C) support and help managers perform their jobs. D) conduct all performance evaluations. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.5: Explain how to establish a close partnership between the HR department and managers 127) Which of the following actions would most likely foster an effective relationship between managers and HR? A) Focusing on the technical side of productivity and teaching it to HR B) Hiring outside consultants to assist HR in implementing its programs C) Requiring some management experience as part of HR professionals' training D) Mandating after-work socializing among HR professionals and line managers Answer: C Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.5: Explain how to establish a close partnership between the HR department and managers 128) Carson is gathering information for an HR audit. With which of the following areas should he be concerned? A) Work teams B) Turnover rate C) Available technology D) Employee interdependence Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 1.5: Explain how to establish a close partnership between the HR department and managers

129) The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) offers which of the following? A) Diversity training B) Benefits packages C) Professional certification D) Salary negotiations Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Concept LO: 1.5: Explain how to establish a close partnership between the HR department and managers

Managing Human Resources, 9e (Gomez-Mejia) Chapter 2 Managing Work Flows and Conducting Job Analysis 1) Formal or informal relationships between people in an organization are known by which term? A) Work flow group B) Organizational culture C) Management team D) Organizational structure Answer: D Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 2) The choice of a prospector strategy for a business would be most appropriate when a firm: A) operates in an uncertain business environment. B) functions in a relatively stable business environment. C) sells products that are in the maturity stage of the life cycle. D) prefers a top-down decision-making approach for management. Answer: A Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 3) Cheap Shoes manufactures a line of inexpensive shoes. The firm uses a defender strategy, which means the most effective structure for them involves: A) maximizing autonomy among strategic divisions. B) implementing decisions from the top down. C) utilizing self-managing work teams. D) establishing a flat structure. Answer: B 35 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 4) A company with a prospector strategy would most likely: A) have a bureaucratic organizational structure. B) give employees more responsibility. C) use a vertical information system. D) use hierarchy to resolve conflict. Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 5) Which type of organizational structure would be most appropriate for a company with a defender strategy? A) Flat B) Boundaryless C) Differentiated D) Bureaucratic Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 6) Alyssa finds a job description for an interesting retail position. The job description indicates exactly what department of the store she would be responsible for and what her duties would be. The ad describes good opportunities for advancement within the retail area, so she could become the managing retail director for her department. However, she would not be able to move into finance or production. This is an example of which organizational strategy? A) Top-down management B) Work specialization C) Prospector strategy D) Pyramid-building Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 7) Bureaucratic organizational structures are marked by: A) narrow job descriptions and sharp vertical and horizontal boundaries. B) division of labor around products, services, or customers. C) high employee involvement in decision making. D) decentralized management. 36 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective

8) Maryland Times News is a publishing company that has a functional division of labor, work specialization, and a pyramid of authority. MTN most likely uses a: A) bureaucratic organizational structure. B) flat organizational structure. C) boundaryless organizational structure. D) work flow organizational structure. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 9) One organizational structure that lends itself to the formation of joint ventures and strategic alliances is a: A) bureaucratic structure. B) flat structure. C) generic structure. D) boundaryless structure. Answer: D Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 10) Courtland Corporation recently reduced its number of management levels and decentralized its entire managerial approach. Prior to this, the corporation maintained a pyramid-shaped management structure and was based on a functional division of labor. Courtland evolved from a ________ organization to a ________ organization. A) prospector / defender B) boundaryless / bureaucratic C) bureaucratic / boundaryless D) bureaucratic / flat Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective

11) Which of the following is a characteristic of a boundaryless organization? A) Many levels of management B) Top-down management approach C) Teams whose members cross organizational boundaries D) Hierarchical career paths may exist within one function Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 12) Which of the following would be the best environment in which to implement a flat organizational structure? A) A global environment B) A service-oriented environment C) A predictable environment D) A rapidly changing environment Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 13) A company would most likely adopt a boundaryless organizational structure if management wants to: A) structure its organization around functions. B) enter foreign markets that have entry barriers. C) move into a stable and predictable global market. D) reorganize around its products, services, or customers. Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 14) Which term refers to the process of examining how work creates or adds value to the ongoing processes in a business? A) Job analysis B) Process evaluation C) Work flow analysis D) Business process reengineering Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 39 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

15) Managers most likely use work flow analysis in order to: A) recombine a specialized task into one more complex and satisfying job. B) simplify jobs by breaking them into individual component tasks. C) understand the overall environment in which a job operates. D) quantify the tasks involved in a specific position. Answer: C Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 16) A company is involved in business process reengineering when it is: A) examining how work creates or adds value to the ongoing business processes. B) rethinking and redesigning its work processes to improve quality. C) reviewing the responsibility levels of specific jobs. D) gathering and organizing information about tasks. Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 17) What is the primary reason that firms use business process reengineering? A) To increase total quality management B) To prepare for a work flow analysis C) To identify jobs that can be eliminated D) To determine changing customer needs Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective

Additional Case 2.1 Benson Manufacturing is a young, small firm that makes computer components and peripherals for assemblers like Dell and Gateway. Benson's market share is highly volatile based on the entrance and exit of competitors into the market. Benson buys raw materials from several suppliers who also supply competitors. The firm has two layers of management between the CEO and the component maker on the line. The firm's CEO read a book about innovation and organizational change and now wants to look at what HR should do about reorganizing and changing staffing practices. The CEO wants to reduce costs in order to increase profit margins because he believes that margins will continue to shrink. While productivity and quality are largely functions of the machines used in the process, the CEO still wants to focus on motivating Benson employees. He wants to motivate them by increasing wages through a bonus program, improving working conditions, and providing job security. 18) Refer to Additional Case 2.1. Based on the current market situation, what business strategy would be best for Benson? A) Prospector strategy B) Defender strategy C) Tactical strategy D) Differentiated strategy Answer: A Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 19) Refer to Additional Case 2.1. Which type of organizational structure would be most appropriate for Benson? A) Bureaucratic structure B) Boundaryless structure C) Flat organizational structure D) Pyramid organizational structure Answer: C Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective

Additional Case 2.2 You are the HR manager at Steel City, Inc., a firm that is considering going global in its product line and markets. The president realizes that this may require a reorganization. She wants to move into new international markets with minimum time and effort. She also wants to reduce management overhead and labor costs. At the same time, employees have been complaining about their work. Jobs are repetitive, and employees don't know how their work fits into the big picture. The president wants to provide employees with satisfying work, autonomy, and a performance-based pay system. She wants to give them as much control as possible and remove layers of management. 20) Refer to Additional Case 2.2. The best organizational design match for Steel City would most likely be a: A) flat organizational structure. B) generic organizational structure. C) boundaryless organizational structure. D) bureaucratic organizational structure. Answer: C Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 21) The work flow in an organization refers to the formal and informal relationships between people in the organization. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 22) Whenever management decides to change its business strategy, it must also reexamine its organizational structure. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 23) If a company is using a prospector business strategy, its market is stable, its product is mature, and it wants to increase market share by "digging" for new customers with new products. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 42 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

24) A defender strategy might lead a company to functional divisions of labor and work specialization, which are elements of a boundaryless organization. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 25) Flat organizational structures are helpful for organizations that emphasize customer satisfaction and have broadly defined jobs. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 26) Work flow analysis examines and quantifies the manufacturing process. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 27) Business process reengineering examines the fundamental way a company does business by analyzing its core processes. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 28) A pyramid-shaped organizational structure that consists of hierarchies with many levels of management is referred to as a(n) ________. Answer: bureaucratic organizational structure Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 29) A fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, service, and speed is referred to as ________. Answer: business process reengineering (BPR) Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.1: Understand how work is structured according to the organizational perspective 43 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

30) A work group differs from a team in what way? A) In a team, everyone is equal. In a work group, some members have more power than others. B) A work group depends on an outside supervisor for direction, while a team self-directs. C) A work group self-directs, while a team depends on an outside supervisor for direction. D) A team tends to have better rapport between members than a work group. Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective 31) A self-managed team: A) consists of a small group of people who come together for specific, short-term assignments. B) gathers for a few hours each week to solve problems in various work processes. C) crosses functional or organizational boundaries to examine complex issues. D) focuses on quality and productivity issues. Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective 32) Which of the following is NOT a typical responsibility for an SMT member? A) Scheduling work B) Handling performance evaluations C) Disciplining team members D) Terminating a team member's employment Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective 33) Which HR practice would most likely change after a firm implements self-managed work teams? A) Work flow analyses B) Job enrichment plans C) Organizational designs D) Performance appraisals Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective

34) What is the primary reason for training SMT members in many different technical areas? A) Simplifying schedules B) Monitoring new budgets C) Enhancing team flexibility D) Handling interpersonal conflicts Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective 35) Your organization is trying to decide if it should implement TQM. Management assembles a team from one department to study the issue. The team will disband once the study is complete. Which of the following would be most appropriate? A) Special purpose team B) Self-managed team C) Problem-solving team D) Virtual team Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective 36) The quality-of-work-life program at Ford is an example of a: A) self-managed work team. B) problem-solving team. C) quality circle. D) special-purpose team. Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective

37) What type of team would work best in a situation where you expect only a part-time commitment from each member, where each member will work in a different city or state, and where rapid communication is important? A) A virtual team B) A problem-solving team C) A special-purpose team D) A self-managing all-purpose team Answer: A Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective Additional Case 2.2 You are the HR manager at Steel City, Inc., a firm that is considering going global in its product line and markets. The president realizes that this may require a reorganization. She wants to move into new international markets with minimum time and effort. She also wants to reduce management overhead and labor costs. At the same time, employees have been complaining about their work. Jobs are repetitive, and employees don't know how their work fits into the big picture. The president wants to provide employees with satisfying work, autonomy, and a performance-based pay system. She wants to give them as much control as possible and remove layers of management. 38) Refer to Additional Case 2.2. The president is discussing the use of teams in the company. Given the company direction and the president's goals, you should recommend: A) that she implements special project teams. B) quality circles as a type of problem-solving team. C) ISO 9000-based teams. D) self-managed work teams. Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective 39) Self-managed teams are synonymous with work groups. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective

40) Special-purpose teams typically consist of managers from one department who gather to examine a complex issue. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective 41) A(n) ________ is a team consisting of volunteers from a unit or department who meet one or two hours per week to discuss quality improvement, cost reductions, or improvement in the work environment. Answer: problem-solving team Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective 42) A team or task force consisting of workers who span functional or organizational boundaries and whose purpose is to examine complex issues is called a(n) ________. Answer: special-purpose team Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.2: Understand how work is structured according to the group perspective 43) The three psychological states central to the job characteristics theory include: A) meaningfulness of the job. B) control of job outcomes. C) task significance. D) task identity. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level

44) Shamekwa believes that employees are motivated by their work, sense of achievement, responsibilities, and advancement opportunities. Shamekwa's thinking is most compatible with the: A) work adjustment theory. B) goal-setting theory. C) two-factor theory. D) job design theory. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 45) Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory was developed to explain: A) salary negotiations. B) job security concerns. C) employee motivation. D) employee-manager relationships. Answer: C Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 46) According to Herzberg's theory, the absence of which of the following would most likely lead to employee dissatisfaction? A) Achievements B) Job responsibilities C) Coworker relationships D) Advancement opportunities Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 47) In Herzberg's theory of motivation, hygiene factors are: A) critical to employee motivation. B) located in the work environment. C) necessary for employee advancement. D) indicators of job tasks and responsibilities. Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 48 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

48) Which of the following is a motivator, according to Herzberg? A) Relationships within the company B) A positive working atmosphere C) Recognition for accomplishments D) Salary and benefits Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 49) The work adjustment theory suggests that employee motivation depends on the: A) essential job characteristics. B) external and internal environments. C) relationship between the employee and the manager. D) fit between employee needs and the job characteristics. Answer: D Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 50) Which of the following is a true statement based on the work adjustment theory? A) Clear, specific, and challenging goals motivate employees to perform at high levels. B) All employees are motivated and challenged by hygiene and maintenance factors. C) Employee motivation depends on personal needs and job characteristics. D) All employees want to be involved in the decision-making process. Answer: C Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 51) Which of the following suggests that employee motivation depends on the fit between personal abilities and job requirements? A) Work adjustment theory B) Goal-setting theory C) Two-factor theory D) Job characteristics theory Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level

52) The goal-setting theory of motivation suggests that employee satisfaction and motivation are functions of: A) company policies and the relationships formed with co-workers. B) clear, direct goals over which the employee has control. C) employee abilities, goals, and job characteristics. D) the core characteristics of the job. Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 53) According to goal-setting theory, employees are most motivated when goals are: A) broad and flexible. B) relatively easy to attain. C) specific and challenging. D) closely linked to compensation. Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 54) According to job characteristics theory, jobs with certain core characteristics are more likely to: A) motivate and satisfy employees. B) encourage employee creativity. C) enhance employee job security. D) dissatisfy employees. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level

55) Which of the following is a core job characteristic that activates the three psychological states, according to job characteristics theory? A) Interdependence B) Skill variety C) Responsibility D) Task difficulty Answer: B Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level Additional Case 2.1 Benson Manufacturing is a young, small firm that makes computer components and peripherals for assemblers like Dell and Gateway. Benson's market share is highly volatile based on the entrance and exit of competitors into the market. Benson buys raw materials from several suppliers who also supply competitors. The firm has two layers of management between the CEO and the component maker on the line. The firm's CEO read a book about innovation and organizational change and now wants to look at what HR should do about reorganizing and changing staffing practices. The CEO wants to reduce costs in order to increase profit margins because he believes that margins will continue to shrink. While productivity and quality are largely functions of the machines used in the process, the CEO still wants to focus on motivating Benson employees. He wants to motivate them by increasing wages through a bonus program, improving working conditions, and providing job security. 56) Refer to Additional Case 2.1. The CEO most likely read a book that referred to the motivation theory of: A) Frederick Herzberg. B) Richard Hackman. C) Edwin Locke. D) Henry Mintzberg. Answer: A Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level

57) Refer to Additional Case 2.1. What is the flaw in the CEO's suggestions for motivating the workforce? A) He's not involving the employees in the decisions. B) An MBO-based strategy would be more effective. C) It does not take the diversity of the workforce into consideration. D) None of the things he wants to do impact motivation, only satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Answer: D Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level Additional Case 2.2 You are the HR manager at Steel City, Inc., a firm that is considering going global in its product line and markets. The president realizes that this may require a reorganization. She wants to move into new international markets with minimum time and effort. She also wants to reduce management overhead and labor costs. At the same time, employees have been complaining about their work. Jobs are repetitive, and employees don't know how their work fits into the big picture. The president wants to provide employees with satisfying work, autonomy, and a performance-based pay system. She wants to give them as much control as possible and remove layers of management. 58) Refer to Additional Case 2.2. The president's ideas regarding employee dissatisfaction suggest that her thinking would be most compatible with a ________ theory of motivation. A) two-factor B) work adjustment C) job characteristics D) goal-setting Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level

Additional Case 2.4 Dorenda owns a small business, and she has asked you for HR advice. Her company has a handful of permanent employees, but the work force consists mainly of contract workers. Dorenda typically employs various contractors for three-month projects. Permanent employees typically quit within one year of being hired. Dorenda wants to increase her permanent employees' motivation, so she has set general goals for them to meet. She also plans to hire some more permanent employees, but she first wants to determine what skills, knowledge, and abilities job candidates need to have in order to meet specific company needs. 59) Refer to Additional Case 2.4. You anticipate that Dorenda's choices regarding employee motivation will not produce the results she wants because: A) the goals lack specificity and employee input. B) there are too few hygiene factors in comparison to motivators. C) employees are more motivated in a decentralized organization. D) the goals are too challenging and frequent feedback creates employee anxiety. Answer: A Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Critical Thinking LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 60) Frederick Herzberg's two-factor motivation theory focuses on the fit between the employee's needs and abilities and the characteristics of the job and the organization. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 61) Work adjustment theory suggests that employees' motivational levels and job satisfaction depend on clearly defined objectives. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 62) According to goal-setting theory, employees are more motivated by challenging goals than simple goals. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 53 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

63) According to job characteristics theory, higher levels of autonomy and specific managerial feedback will improve employee job satisfaction and motivation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 64) ________ is that which energizes, directs, and sustains human behavior. Answer: Motivation Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level 65) What are the four perspectives on employee motivation? What are the key elements of each perspective? What are the weaknesses of each perspective? How can job design affect employee motivation? Answer: Summary of suggested answer Theories-two-factor by Herzberg, work adjustment, goal-setting by Locke, and job characteristics by Hackman and Oldham. Key Elements– • Two-factor – Motivators are internal job factors that lead to satisfaction. Hygiene or maintenance factors are external to job and only relate to dissatisfaction, and lack of these elements leads to dissatisfaction. • Work adjustment – Employee motivation depends on the fit between employee needs and abilities and characteristics of the job. • Goal-setting – Employees work to expectations, and clear challenging goals motivate performance. • Job characteristics – The presence or absence of five core characteristics and three psychological states determines the level of employee job satisfaction. All the theories of employee motivation suggest that jobs can be designed to increase motivation and performance. Job design is the process of organizing work into the tasks required to perform a specific job. Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Synthesis LO: 2.3: Understand how work is structured at the individual level

Additional Case 2.3 Resources International, Inc. (RII) is going through a major organizational change. Executives at the firm have decided to rethink the whole organization. They believe that employees will be most strongly motivated by experiencing meaningful work, taking responsibility for outcomes, and receiving regular feedback. The HR team will analyze jobs as part of the change process, and HR must choose the best technique for the situation. HR needs to know what the incumbents do in their jobs. HR also needs behavioral descriptions from which to build new performance appraisal systems and training programs. Finally, RII is looking at current staffing practices and trying to decide what type of workforce is best for the future. The business is highly technical and requires highly experienced employees, but product demand is volatile. Demand can double or be cut in half from one year to the next, depending on the economy and competitors' actions. Innovation is key in RII's product development. In order to manage all the HR information generated for and during the change, RII has initiated an HRIS system. 67) Refer to Additional Case 2.3. The best job analysis technique for RII would be a: A) critical incident technique. B) task inventory analysis. C) functional job analysis. D) methods analysis. Answer: A Diff: 3 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.4: Explain how to design jobs and conduct job analysis 68) The process by which work is organized into the separate tasks required to perform a specific job is called: A) job analysis. B) job design. C) task significance. D) task identity. Answer: B Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.4: Explain how to design jobs and conduct job analysis

69) Which of the following has the LEAST influence on job design? A) Work-flow analysis B) Employee motivation C) Organizational structure D) Business strategy Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.4: Explain how to design jobs and conduct job analysis 70) Your production lines make a standardized product. Efficiency is critical to your production costs. The majority of production line tasks are mechanical and repetitive. Which of the following would be most appropriate? A) Job enrichment B) Job rotation C) Work simplification D) Team-based job design Answer: C Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.4: Explain how to design jobs and conduct job analysis 71) Which of the following would most likely increase as a result of work simplification? A) Costs B) Turnover C) Satisfaction D) Skill variety Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.4: Explain how to design jobs and conduct job analysis

72) Which of the following is an example of job enrichment? A) Reducing specialized tasks by combining them and giving employees more narrowly defined tasks to perform B) Expanding the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the job by giving an employee responsibility for the whole production C) Dividing employees into self-managing teams that perform several different tasks and have complete responsibility for the entire production process D) Matching employees to the job by examining their needs and skills and the specific job characteristics Answer: B Diff: 3 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.4: Explain how to design jobs and conduct job analysis 73) Your relatively flat organization is moving toward a boundaryless structure. Layers of management have been reduced to a minimum. You want employees to be self-managing, to perform several different tasks, and to take complete responsibility for the entire production process. ________ would be your best choice as you implement a job redesign program. A) Work simplification B) Team-based job designs C) Flexible work designs D) Job enrichment Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Reflective thinking Skill: Application LO: 2.4: Explain how to design jobs and conduct job analysis 74) A team-based job design would work best for a business under what circumstances? A) The business has a bureaucratic organization structure. B) The business has a flat and boundaryless structure. C) The business maintains a strong defender strategy. D) The business is considering a move toward goal-setting theory. Answer: B Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical thinking Skill: Concept LO: 2.4: Explain how to design jobs and conduct job analysis