TEST BANK for Introduction to Family Processes Diverse Families, Common Ties, 6th Edition Denise Bod

Test Bank for Introduction to Family Processes Diverse Families, Common Ties, 6e Denise Bodman, Bethany Vleet, Randal Day (All Chapters, Missing Chapter 8)

Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 1 1. My mother is part of my family of a. Procreation. b. Orientation.

2. Who is likely to be part of your family of procreation? a. Your father. b. Your adopted daughter. c. Your sister. d. Your grandparent.

3. One’s family of procreation is the same as one’s family of orientation: a. except it includes grandparents b. except it excludes one’s grandparents c. focuses on one’s chosen partner and the resulting children d. focuses just on one’s children and their children 4. In Greek mythology, Proteus was a. A human who fought Poseidon and won. b. The god of thunder and conflict. c. A changeable god of the sea. d. An unchangeable god over rock and land.

5. Your friend tells you that she believes families are protean. You understand that she believes families are a. Extremely stable. b. Versatile. c. Weak. d. Dying.

6. According to chapter one in your text, which of the following best describes a family that can adapt to the changing nature of our culture: a. family of origin

b. family of procreation c. primordial family d. protean family 7. The Simpsons cartoon features Homer (the working father), Marge (the stay-at-home mother), and children Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. This family is best described as a. An extended family. b. A family of inclusion. c. An American family. d. A traditional family.

8. Your neighbors have two children. Their parents (the grandparents) live a mile away and your neighbors frequently go to the grandparents’ home to help mow the lawn and make repairs. This is an example of a. A functionally extended family. b. An extended family. c. A traditional family. d. None of the above.

9. The television program Sister Wives, features a man who has three wives. The best term for this relationship is a. Polygamy. b. Polyandry. c. Polygyny. d. Cenogamy.

10. At least 50 societies in the world have marriages of one woman to several men. This type of marriage is known as a. Polygamy. b. Polyandry. c. Polygyny. d. Cenogamy.

11. You discover that your “Aunt Cynomy” is not related to your family at all but was your mom’s best friend from college. Aunt Cynomy is an example of a. Fictive kin. b. Extended family. c. The true meaning of family. d. Parentification.

12. Which of the following could be considered part of one’s “family”? a. FiFi, the dog. b. Your BFF (best friend forever) c. Your grandmother. d. All of the above.

13. When considering the story about the blind men and the elephant and applying it to family processes, which part of the elephant is a metaphor for family processes? a. The trunk b. The large side c. The insides d. The head

14. Who is most likely to study family and marriage as one of many institutions in our society? a. Historians b. Sociologists c. Family Scientists d. Psychologists 15. On an airplane, you sit next to someone who says he studies marriage patterns across various cultural groups in South America. You say, a. “Oh! You are a psychologist!” b. “Well! You must be a sociologist!” c. “I’m so happy to be sitting next to a family scientist!” d. “I see! You are an anthropologist!”

16. Which of the following is considered a family process? a. How many children are in a family. b. A family that is childfree at the beginning of marriage. c. Economics of family life. d. How families solve problems.

17. Family scientists who study family processes are more likely to study a. Routine acts of daily living. b. How parenting affects psychological wellbeing of children. c. How families adapt to both parents working. d. Changes in fertility and number of children.

18. Family processes are ______________________ used by family members to achieve _______________. a. Not; equality b. Often; power c. Strategies; goals d. Rarely; happiness 19. Which of the following would a researcher focus on if he/she were approaching the topic of divorce from a family processes approach? a. The national divorce statistics.

b. Depression levels of women. c. Public policy about divorce laws. d. Strategies used by a couple to avoid divorce 20. The word ‘prosaic’ means: a. gaudy b. ornate c. pushy d. commonplace e. demanding

Chapter 2 Theories About Family Life Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 2 1. Theories are important. a. True b. False 2. Theories are important because a. they organize facts. b. they provide the basis for interventions. c. they both limit what researchers “see” and provide focus. d. All of the above.

3.

Theories are useful because they help guide you and see things you may not have noticed.

Theories can be problematic because they may restrict your scope. a. b. c. d.

Both of the above statements are true.

Both of the above statements are false.

Only the first statement is true.

Only the second statement is true.

4. Theories a. Influence what we see. b. Influence what we don’t see. c. Are important. d. Influence interventions we use. e. All of the above.

5. Theories were important in the past; however, today, researchers need to be more concerned with facts. a. True b. False.

6. Fact or theory? Boys tend to be more physically aggressive than girls. a. Fact. b. Theory.

7. Fact or theory? Babies prefer their mothers because their mothers do most of the nurturing. a. Fact b. Theory

8. At approximately 8 months of age, babies become wary of strangers. This is because object permanence has developed and the baby now realizes that strangers are different than parents. This is a: a. Theory. b. Fact.

9. Which of the following statements about theories is FALSE? a. Theories help us organize facts. b. Theories can limit what we see. c. Intervention strategies are usually determined by theories. d. Theories guide research. e. None of the above are false; all of the above are true statements.

10. Family theories assume a. Families are different from other social groups. b. Families require different ways of thinking. c. Both of the above. d. None of the above.

11. You watch a child playing in the park. The child seems to be imitating everything his older brother does. Thinking about the theories you learned in class, you believe the theory that best explains this behavior is a. systems theory. b. conflict theory. c. social learning theory. d. symbolic interaction theory.

12. A news program explores the causes of school shootings and focuses on the media that children are exposed to, including video games and violent movies. It appears that this program is supporting a. systems theory. b. conflict theory. c. social learning theory. d. symbolic interaction theory.

13. Concepts related to social learning theory is/are a. reinforcement. b. observational learning. c. reciprocal determinism. d. All of the above.

14. Which theorist is most associated with social learning theory? a. Bandura b. Piaget c. Freud d. Marx

15. Charlie Brown is about to kick the football Lucy is holding (and Lucy always picks it up at the last minute resulting in poor Charlie falling down). This time, Charlie Brown thinks, “I know she knows that I know she knows that I know she is going to pick up the football and not allow me to kick it! I’m way ahead of her…I won’t kick it when I run up to it!” Which theory is best reflected in Charlie Brown’s thinking? a. Social exchange b. Systems c. Symbolic interaction d. Structural functionalism 16. You are really upset with your boyfriend and want to have a frank discussion with him. You know that he is not one to easily talk to about "relationship stuff." In your mind, you go over a way to get him to agree to counseling, thinking about how he might respond to your request and how you will answer him. Symbolic interactionists refer to this as a. Constructed reality. b. Definition of the situation. c. Both of the above. d. None of the above.

17. A man is jealous of his girlfriend because he believes she is flirting with other men. She is faithful, but he thinks she isn’t. As a result, he calls her constantly, second guesses what she’s doing, and hesitates to let her go on the town with “the girls” because he “knows what’s on her mind.” A theory that would easily explain this scenario is: a. systems theory. b. exchange theory. c. conflict theory. d. symbolic interactionism.

18. According to symbolic interactionism, nothing is inherently real; something is real only because we say it is real and agree with others that it is real. a. True b. False 19. A mother tells her friend that she is so excited that her daughter is going to turn 13! The friend looks at her incredulously and says, “I don’t know why you’re so excited! The teen years are awful!” Which symbolic interactionist concept best explains these two different views? a. Roles and role taking. b. Definition of the situation. c. Reciprocal determinism. d. Epigenesis

20. Your friend, Joe, believes everything in life is about gains and losses. You tell him that his life philosophy seems to be in line with: a. systems theory b. social exchange theory c. conflict theory d. symbolic interactionism.

21. “You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours” is a saying that supports

a. b. c. d.

structural functionalism. social exchange theory. symbolic interactionism. conflict theory.

22. Social exchange theory is excellent for explaining altruistic behavior.

a. True b. False 23. Stability of relationships is associated with

a. b. c. d.

gender. who has the most power. equity. emotional investment.

24. According to social exchange theory,

a. b. c. d.

the person who is most invested in a relationship has the most power. equity (or perceived equity) is important for relationship stability.

Both of the above are true.

None of the above are true.

25. Which theory is best exemplified in the statement, “You owe me, man!”

a. b. c. d.

Conflict Systems Social Exchange Symbolic Interactionism

26. A friend asks you for some information. You can’t help him, but you say, “You know

what?! I have a buddy who owes me a favor. He’ll get you that information!” This situation is a good example of a. social exchange theory. b. systems theory. c. symbolic interactionism. d. conflict theory.

27. When partners in a relationship are more equal with regard to the resources they bring to the

relationship, it is likely that a. the relationship will be stronger. b. the relationship will be weaker. c. the goals of the relationship will be achieved. d. A and C 28. Recognizing that conflict is “normal,” family theorists have used conflict theory since the

late 1800s. a. True b. False 29. Which of the following theories grew out of conflict theory?

a. Feminist Theory b. Psychodynamic Theory c. Structural Functionalism d. Social Exchange Theory 30. According to conflict theory, all of the following statements is true, EXCEPT

a. b. c. d.

31.

Conflict is typical.

Harmony is problematic.

Conflict is inevitable.

All of the above statements are true.

In Chinese culture, a. Conflict in any relationship is considered problematic. b. Harmony is a deeply rooted value. c. Both of the above are true. d. None of the above are true.

32. Latisha is a scholar who studies families in the “launching” stage, the stage where families

help children leave home and begin independent lives; she is interested in how the child grows and changes, as well as how the family unit itself changes as the family unit enters the stage of middle age. It appears that Latisha’s theory of reference is a. Structural functionalism. b. Systems theory. c. Family development theory. d. Social exchange theory.

33. Which theorist is often associated with family development theory?

a. Evelyn Duvall b. Urie Bronfenbrenner c. Jetsy Sprey d. Christopher Broderick

34. Which of the following is considered a normative event in a family?

a. b. c. d.

Children entering puberty in their early teens.

Divorce.

Retirement at 45.

All of the above would be considered normative events.

35. Dr. Smartalik tells you that she studies the influence on children leaving the nest. She really

enjoys looking at the stages of launching and middle age. You respond, a. "You must be using structural functional theory!" b. "Yes! I see you are a supporter of symbolic interactionism!" c. "I, too, enjoy family development theory!" d. "Will this be on the test?"

36. All of the following concepts are associated with systems theory, EXCEPT

a. b. c. d.

rational choice boundaries interdependence patters of processes

37. Sam and Pat are parents. They have set rules for their children; however, they listen to their

children and occasionally change the rules based on their input. It appears that Sam and Pat a. have a weak parental subsystem. b. enjoy a closed system. c. have permeable boundaries. d. have no boundaries.

38. According to family systems theory,

a. b. c. d.

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. to understand the whole, one must closely examine each part. the parts are greater than the whole. systems provide a rigid framework for families to operate in.

39. Your friend wants to study families from a systems perspective. He tells you that he thinks

it’s important to study the father, the child, and the sibling. In the past, he was only interested in studying fathers. Based on your understanding of family systems theory, you reply, a. I’m glad you now see families as systems! b. Yes, the father, child, and sibling indeed make up a system and are worthy of study. c. Remember that the father, child, and sibling are just parts of a system; studying their relationships and interactions with each other is a true family systems perspective. d. Good luck with that! Families are best studied using other perspectives.

40. This year, for family vacation, the kids want to go on a mountain climbing adventure, but

the parents want to go to the same spot they have been going to for 10 years. Which forces appear to be at work in this family? a. Morphogenesis for the parents and morphostatis for the kids. b. Morphogenesis for the kids and morphostasis for the parents. c. Morphostasis for both kids and parents. d. Morphogenesis for both kids and parents.

41. You notice that families often use different disciplinary techniques (some use time out, others

use star charts, and still others use deprivation of privileges), yet the children in these families all appear to be well behaved and competent. This is an example of a. morphostasis. b. morphogenesis. c. equifinality. d. equipotentiality.

42. Which of the following theories is considered best when it comes to studying and

understanding families? a. Family development theory b. Family systems theory c. Social exchange theory d. All have a place in studying and understanding families

Matching (43-46): 43. conflict theory - D

a. this theory likens a family to a mobile…when one part of the mobile is touched, the other parts move.

44. symbolic interactionism - C

b. “You owe me” would support this theory.

45. systems theory - A

c. I will act the way I think that you think I should act.

46. exchange theory - B

d. Harmony is problematic.

Chapter 3 How We Study Family Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 3 1. Empiricism attempts to tell the story of family life through: a. understanding the empirical nature of governmental and familial systems b. seeking information by gathering interviews from those who have been in governmental positions of authority a. the collection and interpretation of data through systematic means while striving for objectivity b. gathering stories of families by reading diaries and letters 2. Your friend has developed a measure of family functioning; however, your friend has found that each time the same family completes the measure, the outcome is different, although family functioning should not have changed. You tell your friend that a. this measure appears to be reliable. b. this measure does not appear to be reliable. c. this measure appears to be valid. d. this measure does not appear to be valid.

3. In order to measure how parenting impacts the behavior of children, you survey the same 50 children every year for 5 years. This is an example of a: a. causational research design b. cross-sectional research design c. mixed research design d. longitudinal research design 3.

Participant observation research is rich and interesting; however, it has the following key drawbacks: a. It is difficult to complete b. It is costly c. It is very time consuming d. All of the above

4. ____ research tends to occur in natural research settings and takes into account context and an insider’s perspective and interpretation of the world around them. a. Quantitative b. Qualitative c. Valid d. Spurious 5. Experimental designs _____ assign participants to different experimental and control groups. a. thoughtfully b. intentionally c. sporadically

d. randomly 6. Saturation, in the context of research, means that a. new interviews do not reveal any new information. b. the interviewer has reached the end of their time and money. c. the interview process has become stale and inauthentic. d. families are tired of being interview.

7. A spurious relationship is one in which a. two seemingly connected factors are found to be significantly influential. b. two seemingly unconnected factors are found to be connected. c. two factors that are connected to one’s research agenda are correlated. d. two factors we thought were connected are found to be connected through a third event or factor.

8. Quantitative research focuses on a. quantifying the attitudes, ideas, knowledge, and feelings of a larger group of people. b. finding where the ‘rule of outliers’ fall within each large sample. c. discovering the themes of personal stories. d. finding out why outliers are so different from the regular population.

9. To learn about how families have changed over time, you review newspaper articles over the last 25 years. This is an example of a(n): a. unobtrusive method. b. experimental approach. c. quasi-experimental design. d. case study design.

10. Because of the strengths of experimental research, no other research methods are necessary to understand families and family systems. False 11. Ultimately, research heads toward truth and it is our responsibility to make sure that we try to achieve that goal. False 12. Spurious relationships are most exemplified by couples who think they are in love, but it is only an illusion. False 13. Agreement reality describes the ideas we get when we are immersed in a group of people we love and respect and the group coalesces around particular viewpoints. True 14. Overgeneralizing is when a researcher takes the opinions of a few people and then assumes that most people or a larger group of people think the same way. True

Chapter 4 Generations: Graphing Family Processes Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 4 1. A pedigree chart a. Is another name for genogram. b. Is usually of direct line ancestors. c. Typically goes back only 3 or 4 generations. d. All of the above.

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Genograms are based on both fact and perception. b. Genograms, once created, tend to be static. c. Pedigree charts include family processes in the chart. d. Are limited to use in therapeutic settings.

3. Genograms have been used a. By medical professionals to map family health history. b. To assist pregnant mothers in future feeding choices for their newborns. c. In assisting family businesses in decisionmaking. d. All the above.

4. Genograms have been used in training social workers to be more culturally competent. a. True b. False 5. You observe a person looking at a genogram and notice the person mark a box with an “x” on it. You say, a. I see that you have marked the index person. b. Aw, how old was he when he died? c. Aw, how old was she when she died? d. What type of disability did that person have?

6. To indicate a relationship between two people is distant on a genogram, one uses a. A jagged line. b. A single line. c. A dashed line. d. A split line with a space between the split.

7. When indicating children on a genogram, a. They are placed from oldest to youngest, left to right. b. They are placed youngest to oldest, left to right. c. They are only placed on the genogram if they are significant in the life of the index person.

d. Adoption vs. biological is not differentiated.

Use the figure below to answer the next three questions:

8. Who is the index person in the above genogram? a. Mark Jones b. Peter Jones c. Sandra Jones d. It’s not possible to tell.

9. Which child is adopted? a. Sandra Jones b. Kyle Jones c. Martin Jones d. Peter Jones 10. Martin Jones a. Had a brother who died. b. Has a living sister born in 1943. c. Has three siblings. d. Was raised by a single mother.

11. All of the following are parts of a genogram, EXCEPT: a. A family chronology. b. A chart. c. Description of family processes. d. Ex-spouses e. All of the above are parts of a genogram.

12. Compared to pedigree charts, genograms tend to be more stable. a. True b. False 13. What type of relationship is symbolized by double lines? a. Close. b. Fused c. Conflicted d. Cut off.

14. When interpreting a genogram, it is suggested that one a. Look at the negative things first. b. Ignore patterns across generations and attend to differences not similarities. c. Be tentative and hypothetical when trying to understand what it means. d. Focus on the family and not consider outside influences, such as changes in the economy.

15. Maria’s parents and grandparents were divorced and involved in domestic violence.

Unlike her siblings’ families which continued these divorce and violence patterns, Maria’s children have strong healthy marriages and no domestic violence issues. It appears that Maria a. Is a transitional character. b. Likely is more educated. c. Was distant from her parents. d. Is referred to as a “star” in the genogram.

16. Cross generational alliances a. Tend to be healthy and lead to stronger families. b. Can be problematic for all the people involved. c. Are rare in family relationships. d. Can be strengthened with family therapy.

17. Which of the following is an example of generational transmission? a. A mother and a daughter having an extremely close relationship. b. A father breaking the pattern of family desertion and maintaining a close relationship with his family. c. A person who was abused by her parents growing up and abusing her children. d. Brothers going into similar occupations.

18. Which of the following characteristics is MOST likely to pass through generational transmission? a. Political ideas b. Leisure interests c. Social class behavior d. Ways of loving

Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 5 1. Charles met his future mate while grocery shopping at their local market. This is an example of a. the effects of socioeconomic status. b. propinquity. c. the randomness of meeting our mates. d. the power of attraction.

2.

Your friend, who has had difficulty in finding a mate, tells you that he is going to start online dating. He says he believes that this will improve his chances of finding a life partner.

You reply, a. You’re absolutely correct! Online dating increases your chances of meeting people so you are more likely to find your true love. b. You’re absolutely correct! Online dating increases your chances of meeting someone who is similar to you and allows you to get to know people better, so you are more likely to find your true love. c. Don’t hold your breath. It appears that online dating will not increase your chances of romantic outcomes. d. This is unknown territory. Research is lacking, so give it a try!

3. What appears to be the universal formula for what men find attractive in women’s body type? a. Large breasts and small hips. b. Small breasts and small hips. c. Large breasts and long legs. d. A waist-hip proportion of 70% (i.e., the width of the waist is 70% the width of the hips)

4. It appears that the saying “opposites attract” is true for long term relationships. a. True b. False 5. Most college students tend to ______________ how often their peers are “hooking up.” a. overestimate b. be quite accurate in c. underestimate 6. When it comes to hooking up, research has found that a. Women are less likely to experience an orgasm than men. b. Women are more likely to suffer negative consequences than men. c. Both of the above. d. None of the above.

For items 7 – 10, match the following: a. John Lee b. Erich Fromm c. Robert Sternberg d. Helen Fisher 7. This scholar believes that love lies in the brain and is biologically based. d 8. This psychoanalyst sees love as an art and a teachable skill that begins with love of self. b 9. This sociologist used color theory as a model for his theory of love. a 10. This psychologist considered love as consisting of three components, as well as being a story that we often repeat. C

11. Cousin Ned really likes a girl he has asked out on a date. Ned seeks your advice on what would be the best date. Based on your reading (and understanding of Helen Fisher’s research), you reply, a. A great date is dinner and a movie. You can talk over dinner, enjoy a movie together, and then talk about the movie afterward! b. If you want this girl to be attracted to you, do something adventurous, like ride a roller coaster or visit a haunted house! c. What activity you do is not as important as how you conduct yourself. If you hold her hand on the first date, she is more likely to be attracted to you.

12. Your friend tells you that she has to write a paragraph defining love in a way that most people would agree. She tells you, “This should be easy!” Based on what you have read, you reply, a. I think you will find it harder than you think, so don’t put off writing it. b. Yes, love is an emotion. Enough said. c. Yes, research has found that even young children can provide similar definitions of love.

13. Burr and his colleagues identified four assumptions of family love. All of the following are necessary for healthy individual and family life, EXCEPT a. love that is other oriented. b. love that is action oriented. c. love that is enduring. d. love that one feels.

14. Compared with women, men are more likely to show which type of love? a. Ludus. c. Pragma b. Storge. d. Mania

15. Your friend tells you that she is learning about the five “love languages” because she believes that it will strengthen her relationship. Knowing you are taking this class, she asks your opinion. You tell her: a. Research has found that people who are matched in their love languages tend to be happier than those who aren’t. b. It will help you to know your partner’s love language because most people don’t know unless they have been shown these. c. Yes, learning your partner’s love language will improve your relationship. d. Well, if you find that there is a love language mismatch, research findings suggest a couple does better if the woman adapts to her partner’s needs and modifies her own behavior.

16. Sternberg’s (and others) research on “love stories” found that a. the most successful relationships are among those who see love as a garden, needing constant tending. b. the most successful relationships are among those who see love as a journey, growing together. c. the least successful relationships were horror stories. d. the most successful relationships were among people with compatible love stories.

17. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Today, cohabitation has surpassed marriage as the most common union experience for young adults. b. In the U.S., cohabitation typically does not lead to marriage. c. Generally, people who cohabit and then marry will have a more satisfactory marriage. d. Generally, outcomes for women and children in cohabiting relationships tend to be poorer.

18. Research has found that living with someone before marriage will lead to a more satisfactory marriage than not living with the person. a. True b. False 19. As discussed in class, love-based marriages are a. happier and more satisfactory than arranged marriages. b. less happy or satisfactory than arranged marriages. c. not much different in happiness or satisfaction than arranged marriages.

20. Buss, Shackelford, and Kirkpatrick (2001) looked at 18 characteristics people thought important in who they chose to marry. Which did they find was the most important characteristic? a. Chastity or limited sexual experience b. Health c. Dependable character d. Attractiveness

Instructor’s Companion to Introduction to Family Processes 6e Chapter 6 Family Ideologies and Paradigms: The Core of Family Life Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 6

1.

Family ideologies refer to a. The cognitive or intellectual aspect of family systems that is reflected in their believes, values and worldviews. b. The emotional aspect of family systems that involve connections and processes between family members that may not be aware of intellectually. c. The cognitive and emotional aspects of family systems that underlie and direct relationships. d. The sociocultural influences on the family system.

2. Which of the following is the best statement regarding family ideologies? a. Family ideologies are indistinguishable from generational processes and the emotional aspects of family interaction b. They are the intellectual aspect of family systems that are reflected in their beliefs, ideals, symbols or aspirations. c. They are all relatively concrete and specific d. Families develop them consciously 3. Which of the following is the best example of a family ideology? a. a family with two dimes b. a family goal that all the children to graduate from college c. a rule that work comes before play d. a basic belief that the social environment is friendly 4. Which of the following best defines a family ideology? a. the implicit and explicit rules the family use to regulate family interaction b. shared assumptions about life that influence how the family orders their life and how they perceive and interpret life's experiences c. the family managerial system, including their values, goals and standards d. a didactic diagnostic device for family assessment e. B & C 5. During a family crisis or period of disorganization: a. Families don't question their guiding beliefs and ways of thinking b. The longer the family is stressed, the more they evaluate established ideologies c. They immediately work to construct new ways of organizing their family ideologies d. Families muddle through since their ideologies are largely unconscious

6. How a family celebrates birthdays and what chores family members are assigned to do within the family are examples of a. The continuum of abstraction. b. First order family processes. c. Second order family processes. d. Family ideology.

7. First order family processes are always within the awareness of family members. a. True b. False 8. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. First order family processes can be both visible and invisible to family members. b. Most research on family life focuses on first order elements. c. First order family processes tend to be more complex than second order family processes. d. Second order family processes are not as specific or concrete as first order family processes.

9.

Considering paradigms, first order processes, and second order processes, a. Paradigms are governed by first order family processes. b. Paradigms are governed by second order family processes. c. Second order family processes grow out of first order family processes. d. First order family processes grow out of second order family processes.

10. David Reiss developed concepts about how a family constructs reality. With regard to family paradigms (his term for ideologies) he says: a. Multiple levels of abstraction are a means to explore how families organize their beliefs. b. A family paradigm is the meta-level interaction that allows families to think about what they are doing. c. A family paradigm is a shared, deeply felt, enduring meaning about themselves and the world that families create. d. A family paradigm is the specific and concrete behaviors that makes up the everyday interaction in the family 11. A family paradigm a. Is a deeply held family ideology. b. Shared beliefs relating to the family’s view of the world. c. Are rarely explicit or conscious in the family. d. All of the above.

12. During formative periods in a relationship couples have the task of constructing paradigms.

They do this by: a. Borrowing paradigms from their family of orientation b. Deliberately choosing paradigms that appeal to them c. Adopting paradigms from the dominant culture d. All of the above 13. Paradigms probably are most conscious for families during: a. Formative periods of time when relationships are being created b. During uncomplicated periods of stability between transitions in relationships c. During formative periods and stages d. They are never conscious for families 14. Once family paradigms become firmly established a. They are difficult to change. b. They are easy to change. c. Family members are more comfortable and spend much time talking about ideas, assimilating and accommodating as necessary. d. A change in one family member’s paradigmatic beliefs result in a change in the entire family’s paradigm.

15. Which of the following is the best metaphor for most family's awareness of their paradigms? a. A cook book b. A locked diary c. An iceberg d. A snowy field 16. Which is the best analogy for family ideologies? a. A day planner or calendar b. The North Star c. A cookie cutter d. All are appropriate analogies for family ideologies.

17. The most common type of family paradigm is the a. Open family paradigm. b. Closed family paradigm. c. Random family paradigm. d. Synchronous family paradigm.

18. You notice your neighbors are quite active with their children. They seem to be concerned about where the children are and who they spend their time with. They have dinner together every night at 6 p.m. and enjoy Sunday meals with extended family. It appears that this family has a/n a. Open family paradigm. b. Closed family paradigm. c. Random family paradigm. d. Synchronous family paradigm.

19. What is the opposite of the closed family paradigm? a. Open family paradigm. b. Adaptive family paradigm. c. Random family paradigm. d. Synchronous family paradigm.

20. The family motto “variety through innovation and individuality” reflects the a. Open family paradigm. b. Closed family paradigm. c. Random family paradigm. d. Synchronous family paradigm.

21. The Garcia family believe “Nothing is constant in life but change” and their daily household interactions bear this out. Which type of family ideology are they most likely to have? a. random b. open c. closed d. synchronous 22. The family that embraces a more democratic style of family governance likely has a/n a. Open family paradigm. b. Closed family paradigm. c. Random family paradigm. d. Synchronous family paradigm.

23. Limiting the amount and type of media exposure for children in a family would be most common is a: a. Open family b. Closed family c. Synchronous family d. Random family

24. Suppose a family with a closed family paradigm discovers that their son has an opioid addiction. According to the exaggeration principle, which of the following actions would you be most likely to see? a. The family will quickly respond by reaching out to professionals (psychologists, substance abuse counselors, religious leaders, physicians). b. The family will ignore the issue with the underlying belief that it will go away. c. The family will act in unison to correct the problem. d. The family will not “air their dirty laundry,” increase monitoring of the son’s time and friends, increase family activities, and do more “room checks” to ensure no narcotics are being hidden.

25. A random family might live by which of the following axioms? a. “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.” b. “There is nothing new under the sun.” c. “Slow and steady wins the race." d. “The more things change, the more they stay the same.”

26. The closed family would live by which of the following axioms? a. “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.” b. “There is nothing new under the sun.” c. “Slow and steady wins the race." d. “The more things change, the more they stay the same.”

27. The closed family paradigm leads them to adopt goals that emphasize: a. harmonious agreement b. stability and well-defined, clear boundaries c. dialogue, patience, and flexibility d. individuality, freedom and little restraint 28. The synchronous family paradigm leads them to adopt goals that emphasize: a. harmonious agreement b. stability and well-defined, clear boundaries c. dialogue, patience, and flexibility d. individuality, freedom and little restraint 29. The open family paradigm leads them to adopt goals that emphasize: a. harmonious agreement b. stability and well-defined, clear boundaries c. dialogue, patience, and flexibility d. individuality, freedom and little restraint

30. When families are under stress their natural ideological tendencies: a. Are exaggerated b. Remain the same c. Become increasingly uniform d. Become more understated 31. According to The Exaggeration Principle, during times of stress a family has a tendency to exaggerate its own special character. This means that a closed family would seek extremes of which traits? a. Novelty, creativity and individuality b. Continuity, stability and consistency c. Flexibility, collaborativity, and adaptability d. None of the above is correct 32. When a random family is confronted with a family crisis they are going to use strategies that focus on: a. harmonious agreement b. stability and well-defined, clear boundaries c. dialogue, patience, and flexibility d. individuality, freedom and little restraint 33. Examining ideologies as a way that family organizes their world helps us to understand: a. That there is a best type of family b. There is great flexibility in the way families can be successful c. That the closed family ideology is going to allow families to be most successful d. That most families need therapy to help them discover their ideologies 34. When families become disabled, it is usually the family paradigm that is the root of the problem. a. True b. False

Chapter 7 Family Rituals and Routines: Windows of Family Identity

Test Questions

1. Weddings and funerals are examples of _________ a. consanguineous relationships b. family rituals. c. expensive extravaganzas. d. role practice.

2. All of the following words relate to rituals, except one. Which word is not associated with rituals? a. Routine b. Symbolic c. Communicates identity d. Emotionality 3. Family rituals and routines differ in which of the following ways? They differ in the: a. Amount of emotion expended b. Amount of money spent. c. Number of people needed to perform them. d. Amount of lack morphostasis needed to sustain them.

4. Family rituals and routines have much in common. They both feature: a. More than one family member b. Equifinality c. Covert behaviors d. Symbolism 5. A kiss goodbye every morning would be: a. A tradition and a routine b. A tradition and a ritual c. A routine and a ritual d. A routine and a celebration 6. Which of the following is most likely to be a family ritual? a. The horseshoe throwing contest at the annual family reunion b. Thanksgiving day c. The daily "good morning" kiss d. A weekly family meeting

7. The best term to describe the symbolic elements of family rituals is: a. The allegory b. The metaphor c. The legend d. The myth 8. Family rituals and routines a. Are valuable resources to the family and members of the family. b. Help families cope with challenges and change. c. Provide positive memories. d. All of the above.

9. Family rituals help families deal with all of the following EXCEPT a. Membership changes in the family. b. Healing c. Meaning and purpose, including purpose of life. d. Rituals help families deal with all of the above..

10. Your cousin is about to get remarried. She knows that you study families and human development, so she asks your for your advice: "What suggestion do you have to help my kids recognize my boyfriend as part of our new family?" You reply, a. sit down together with the kids and tell them that they are going to have a new daddy. b. You should sit down with the kids and tell them that her new husband is not going to replace their daddy but will be allowed to set rules in the household. c. Find a way to include them in the ritual of marriage, d. Only time will help with this situation.

11. After Elmer died his children got together and went out on the boat. They spent some time reminiscing about their parents and then they sprinkled the ashes from Elmer and his wife, who had died about 10 years earlier, in the water. This is an example of which function of family rituals? a. Creating healthy emotional ties b. Identity definition c. Belief d. Healing 12. Before Marjorie and Dan got married her brothers took Dan duck hunting. He spent the entire day sitting in the rain in a duck blind with 3 other men and a Labrador retriever. He didn't know how to shoot a gun and he's allergic to dogs -- but they came back in the evening and they were good friends. This is an example of which function of family rituals? a. Creating healthy emotional ties b. Identity definition c. Membership changes d. Healing 13. A funeral is a useful family ritual because:

a. The family needs a rite of passage to cope with the death of a family member b. It provides an appropriate vehicle for the expression of emotion surrounding a loss c. Funerals are a vehicle to promote healing d. All of the above 14. The Goldberg family gathers every Friday for Shabbos (the Sabbath). For this meal they always use their fine china and silver. The use of the "good" dishes in this example illustrates which quality of family rituals? a. Rituals are an extraordinary way of doing things b. There is emotional content to family rituals c. Rituals have a deeper, more symbolic meaning than routines d. Preparation is an important part of the ritual 15. Almost every child in the O'Brien family has been baptized at St. Barnabas. In fact, the only ones who aren't live overseas with their parents who are in the military. That is the only way that a member of our family gets off. Everyone else comes back to the church in the old neighborhood!" The use of the same church for the baptism in this example illustrates which quality of family rituals? a. Rituals are an extraordinary way of doing things b. There is emotional content to family rituals c. Rituals have deeper, more symbolic meaning than routines d. Preparation is an important part of the ritual 16. Rituals have many functions, however they can't do everything. Which of the following family goals is not likely to be met with a family ritual? a. Creating order and predictability b. Finding meaning and purpose c. Establishing family standards d. Defining identity 17. Which statement best reflects the relationship between family rituals and routines? a. Rituals and routines are analogous b. Rituals and routines are mutually exclusive c. Rituals and routines may be difficult to distinguish from one another d. Rituals and routines are similar in some regards, different in others 18. The rituals celebrated by a given family may originate from: a. The family of origin b. Routines the family participates in c. Family traditions d. All of the above 19. The rituals celebrated by a given family may originate from: a. Cultural traditions b. Family transmission

c. Spontaneous formation d. All of the above 20. Families are most likely to adopt and acquire rituals during: a. Formation b. Maturation c. Gestation d. Gesticulation 21. Which statement best reflects the role of developmental processes in family rituals? a. Adoption of rituals is least common during formative periods b. Rituals remain static throughout the life of the family c. Rituals should respond to the changing needs of family members d. All the rituals created during formative periods stay with a family through the life course 22. Family rituals a. Can originate from cultural traditions. b. Are invented by families and may be very unique. c. Both of the above. d. None of the above.

23. Using family rituals requires judgment and discretion. Which of the following techniques will be least helpful in to facilitating the use of family rituals? a. Seeking stability b. Avoiding emotion c. Being distinctive d. Avoiding under-ritualization 24. When examining family rituals, repetition of form and content means: a. There must be action involved; mere thought isn't enough b. The need for continuity over time c. Rituals evolve over time d. Events may be repeated many times by the same member, or experienced just once by a given member, but other individuals repeat the event 25. When a young couple are beginning to establish a relationship, they tend to a. Search for ways to ritualize events in their relationship. b. Avoid ritualizing events in their relationship to ensure some distance. c. Dismiss the importance of family rituals as they develop new ways of interacting.

26. Rituals and routines change as the family goes through developmental stages and members age. (a) True; (b) False 27. Routines and rituals work best a. When they are not regularly observed and are kept “fresh”.

b. If there are not too many. c. If there are not too few. d. If there are a moderate amount.

28. When families are managing their rituals they need to remember: a. Too much is never enough - a family can benefit from lots of rituals b. Rituals are rarely a part of generational transmission c. Rituals are useful to control the behavior of other family members d. None of the above

29. Family scientists believe that ____________________ amounts of ritualization are important for healthy families. a. Zero b. A few c. Moderate d. High 30. If there are problems in a family, it helps to change some rituals and make them quite distinctive from the problems, such as removing alcohol in family rituals when there is alcoholism in the family. (a) True (b) False 31. If the problem is part of a family ritual, the problem is _____________ to be passed down than if it is separate from family ritual. a. more likely b. less likely c. equally likely 32. Your young married friend tells you that her mother is upset with your friend. Apparently, your friend’s family members have always bought everybody in the family gifts for Christmas. The family has grown large through marriage and children being born. Your friend and your friend’s spouse are barely making ends meet in today’s economy and have asked the family to start a new practice of pulling names and each family member buying only one gift limited to $20. The mother says that changing the tradition will result in the family being less close. You reply, a. “Your mother is incorrect. It’s important to adapt to changing circumstances. Insisting on keeping everything the same is more likely to create distance in the family. b. “Your mother is correct. Families maintain closeness when they follow their family rituals even through thick and thin.” c. “Your mother is correct. Keep the ritual but perhaps just give everybody really inexpensive gifts.” d. “Your mother is incorrect. Rituals, whether followed or not, have little impact on family connections.”

33. When examining family rituals, morphostasis refers to: a. There must be action involved; mere thought isn't enough b. The need for continuity over time c. Rituals evolve over time

d. Events may be repeated many times by the same member, or experienced just once by a given member, but other individuals repeat the event 34 – 43. Matching Family rituals and routines are both similar and different from one another. Please indicate if the following are most associated with: a. routines b. rituals c. both routines and rituals 34. _____[c] Involve two or more people 35. _____[a] functional communication style 36. _____[c] Morphostasis 37. _____[c] Repetition of form 38. _____[a] can change without fanfare 39. _____[c] Morphogenesis 40. _____[c] Repetition of content 41. _____[b] Emotional content 42. _____[c] Overt behaviors 43. _____[b] Level of preparation 44. _____[a] regularly engaged in 45. _____[b] Symbolism 46. _____[b] Extraordinary behaviors

47. Leila has decided to get baptized. On the day of her baptism, she reads scriptures and prays. She has invited friends, who attend a brief service. Leila dresses in special clothing and a church authority baptizes her. Afterward, her friends and family get together and have refreshments and talk. As discussed in the text, the ritual is a. the baptism itself. b. the special clothing and the baptism. c. the special clothing, the service, and the baptism. d. the preparation by reading scriptures and praying, the service, special clothing, baptism, and gathering afterward.

Instructor’s Companion to Introduction to Family Processes 6e Chapter 9 Communicating in Families Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 9 1. According to the text, communication is best described as: a. A language management procedure. b. A fundamental aspect of personality. c. The way in which we define relationships and discover one another. d. Conversation.

2. As discussed in your text, one can't not communicate. a. True b. False 3. Communication begins when: a. Two people meet and begin to establish a relationship. b. Individuals have begun to converse. c. We find information out about a person we are going to meet. d. We are in the womb.

4. Message decoding can be compromised or disrupted when a. The intended recipient doesn’t decode them as we would have hoped they would b. Neither the sender nor the receiver are able to participate effectively in the communication process c. We lack practice and skill in communicating with an individual d. All of the aforementioned will compromise message decoding in communication 5. A brother says sarcastically to his sister, “You’re not fat!” The intent element of the brother’s message is a. the sarcasm. b. the actual words. c. to make his sister angry. d. to reassure his sister.

1. The most powerful messages we send are a. overt messages. b. content messages. c. Emotional messages. d. Intent messages.

7. Messages are comprised of: a. Content and sublimity b. Covert and overt content c. Language and metaphor d. Interaction and reaction

8. Covert messages are to overt messages as: a. Peanut butter is to jelly b. Inside is to outside c. Implicit is to explicit d. Closed is to open 9. Which of the following is the best example of a covert message? a. A wink b. A nod c. A smile d. All of the aforementioned are examples of covert messages 10. The purpose of covert messages is to: a. Reveal our attitudes toward the sender, topic or situation. b. Convey information about ourselves. c. Handle ongoing interactions with other individuals. d. All of the aforementioned are purposes of covert messages.

11. Covert messages are: a. The report element of the message. b. Less important than the actual words spoken. c. More subtle and less obvious parts of the message. d. The raw data of the message transmission.

12. Overt messages are: a. Always words. b. Obvious and explicit. c. The most powerful part of the message transmission. d. All of the aforementioned characterize overt messages.

13. Decoding a message involves: a. Intent message content only b. Overt message content only c. Covert message content only d. Overt and covert message content 14. Language and communication are the same. a. True b. False 15. According to Virginia Satir, the largest single factor determining what kinds of relationships we have with others and what happens to us in the world is: a. love. b. communication. c. insight. d. empathy.

16. Which of the following is not one of the types of competitive/destructive communication styles? a. Lecturing b. Shop talk c. Interruptions d. Distancing 17. Which answer below bests describes being a martyr? It means you are giving in: a. And allowing yourself to become abused b. But it is a way to have power c. But you are allowing your spouse to dominate d. And realizing that a position of least interest means you cannot have power in the decisions 18. Research on communication in marriage has discovered that couples communicate most frequently about: a. Meta-level processes. b. Their own relationship. c. Work, home maintenance and children. d. Sex. 19. Research on communication in marriage has discovered that couples communicate least frequently about: a. Their own relationship b. Work, home maintenance and children c. Sex d. Money 20. The research on communication notes that marital satisfaction is positively related to: a. More time spent at home. b. More time talking about work, home maintenance and children. c. More time communicating about personal topics. d. A & C 21. Communication in close relationships can be organized into the following types: a. Small talk, control talk, meta-communication and straight talk b. Small talk, control talk, empathy talk and competitive talk c. Small talk, empathy talk, coercive talk and competitive talk d. Small talk, control talk, meta-communication and competitive talk

22. Small talk is characterized by: a. Topics that focus on news items, daily routine, the weather or what’s for dinner. b. Praise, direction, or suggestions to family members and others to whom we are communicating with. c. Discussion and evaluation of how we participate in certain family processes. d. Intimacy, meaning, appreciation or clarification.

23. Control/Competitive talk is characterized by: a. Topics that focus on news items, daily routine, the weather or what’s for dinner. b. Praise, direction, or suggestions to family members and others to whom we are communicating with. c. Discussion and evaluation of how we participate in certain family processes. d. Intimacy, meaning, appreciation or clarification.

24. Straight talk is characterized by: a. Topics that focus on news items, daily routine, the weather or what’s for dinner b. Praise, direction, or suggestions to family members and others to whom we are communicating with c. Discussion and evaluation of how we participate in certain family processes d. Intimacy, meaning, appreciation or clarification 25. “You always spend too much money! Do you realize what this is doing to our budget?” This sentence is an example of: a. Interrupting. b. Non sequitur. c. Martyring. d. Superlatives.

26. “Fine, I’ll just do it myself!” This sentence is an example of: a. Interrupting. b. Non sequitur. c. Martyring. d. Distancing.

27. Praise messages are to reinforcing messages as: a. Reward is to dividend b. Competition is to cooperation c. Honor is to censure d. Endorsement is to strengthen 28. The day following the storm, John said, “Wow! That was quite a storm last night! Did you get any damage?” This type of talk is referred to as a. small talk. c. metacommunication b. control talk. d. straight talk

29. Which of the following is an example of control talk? a. “You should have seen what happened at work today!” b. “Do you think we talk about our relationship enough?” c. “Did you finish your homework?” d. “You seem sad. Is it something I said?”

30. Les: I thought my car was going to break down on the freeway today.

Pat: What would you like for dessert?

Pat’s response to John is an example of a. distancing. b. metacommunication. c. a nonsequitur. d. a superlative.

31. Mom asks her son, "Did you put your homework in your backpack?" This is an example of a. Small talk. b. Control talk. c. Metacommunication. d. Cooperative talk.

32. When Chris gets home from work, Ashley says, "Guess what Elly said today!" This is an example of a. Small talk. b. Control talk. c. Metacommunication. d. Cooperative talk.

33. Alison and Mike are sitting together at Starbuck's and discussing a recent argument. Alison asks, "Why do you think we fight this way?" Mike replies, "I'm not sure. Maybe we just get too wrapped up in the argument." This type of family communication is known as a. Small talk. b. Fight talk. c. Metacommunication. d. Control talk.

34. Research indicates that a. Generally, men and women interrupt at about the same rates. b. In casual conversations between couples, men interrupt women. c. Interruptions are a sign of dominance in relationships. d. All of the above.

35. A man and a woman are talking. One person says, “I hear Top Gun: Maverick is playing at the movie theater.” According to research, the person most likely to say this is: a. The man. b. The woman. c. They are equally likely to say that.

36. In husband-wife relationships, the person most likely to send clearer messages is a. The wife. b. The husband. c. Both send equally clear messages. d. Both send equally unclear message.

37. Janina and Paul have a child. Paul doesn't know it, but the child was actually fathered by a one night stand Janina had during a "rough patch" in their marriage. This type of secret is referred to by Karpel as a. individual. c. shared. b. internal. d. private.

38. Lorenzo has started meeting with a girlfriend his parents do not like. He tells his parents that he is studying at the library or going to a friend's house when he is actually spending time with his girlfriend. This type of secret is referred to by Karpel as a. individual. c. shared. b. internal. d. private.

39. Alicia and Justo have a child. The child was actually Justo's brother's child that Justo fathered with another woman. Neither Justo nor the other woman were ready to be parents, so they gave the child to Alicia and Justo. This type of secret is referred to by Karpel as a. Individual. c. shared. b. Internal. d. private.

40. Albert was arrested for a white collar crime, convicted, and sent to the federal penitentiary for three years. The family lives in an exclusive neighborhood. No one but the family knows that Albert was arrested and sent to prison. This type of secret is referred to by Karpel as a. individual. c. shared. b. internal. d. private.

41. According to Karpel, Individual family secrets have no effect on the family, only the individual, as long as the secret is kept. (a) True (b) False

42. Your friend tells you that there is a secret in her family that most other members of the family don't know. She said that she is thinking of "spilling the beans" and telling everyone at their next annual family reunion. She said she is tired of carrying around this burden of knowing the secret when she thinks others should know it, too. She asks your opinion and you say, a. "Don't do it. The person at the center of the secret should choose when and how to tell the secret." b. "Don't do it. Probably the worst time to share a family secret is during such an event.” c. "Don't do it. Family secrets are meant to be kept hidden." d. "I think this is a wise decision. It's better for everyone to know and be able to support each other."

43. Family secrets can a. destroy relationships. b. halt developmental progress among family members. c. cause illness. d. All of the above.

44. According to the family process perspective, in a family of four, an internal family secret between spouses is between those two people alone. (a) True (b) False 45. Gottman reminds us that each encounter with a partner should begin with a. an understanding that the other might misinterpret what we say. b. a "testing of the waters" to assess mood and ability to engage in a positive conversation. c. sincere kindness, care, and loving connection. d. a touch or gesture to share communication.

46. The tone and intent of the way we begin a conversation is: a. Relatively unimportant if we are right b. A sign of relationship strength c. Not a significant part of relationship context d. A & C 47. According to Gottman, intent messages that convey scorn, disdain and censure are examples of: a. Contempt. b. Withdrawal. c. Defensiveness. d. Criticism.

48. According to Gottman, intent messages that convey disinterest, disengagement or indifference are examples of: a. Contempt. b. Withdrawal. c. Defensiveness. d. Criticism.

Instructor’s Companion to Introduction to Family Processes 6e Chapter 10 Regulating Distance Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 10 1. Who your family is - as a system or entity - is the result of: a. Crawling out from under a rock b. A simple, automatic process c. An ongoing developmental, emotional, and historical process d. Chance and circumstance 2. The task of regulating distance in families includes: a. Tolerating individuality b. Management of close relationships c. Creating a climate of dependence d. A & B The family task of regulating distance is about balancing a. Love and conflict. b. Self and other c. Intimacy and individuality d. Insiders and outsiders.

3. An important point of the chapter on distance regulation is that family strength can be better achieved by a. Building independence within each individual family member. b. Fostering closeness between all family members. c. Fostering closeness between the executive parental level. d. Discouraging both dependence and independence in the family.

5. Families who are successful at regulating distance within the system will be: a. Tolerant of individuality b. Demanding of conformity c. Over-connected to their children d. Focused on compliance 6. Which family process involves a complex interplay of connectedness and individuality? a. Communication. b. Differentiation. c. Conflict management d. Decision making.

7. Differentiation from the family ____________ system is the main process of being differentiated a. Emotional

b. Intellectual c. Feeling d. Rule 8. The task of establishing a distinct identity, separate from our family emotional climate, is: a. A primary task of childhood b. Requires separation from generational alliances c. Crucial to becoming individuated d. Separation from emotional triangles 9. Differentiation is analogous to: a. Withdrawal b. Removal c. Separation d. Release 10. Remaining connected to one's family in health promoting ways means: a. Creating one's own choices and decisions b. Expressing creativity c. Managing dependence d. Demanding conformity 11. Poorly differentiated families exhibit: a. Low tolerance for intimacy b. High need for control c. Differences in opinion d. A climate of independence 12. Poorly differentiated families are more likely to be: a. Supportive of the uniqueness of family members b. Closed, with rigid boundaries about the outside world c. Tolerant of individuality d. Validating 13. Differentiation results in teenagers with: a. Increased problems with family of origin b. Enhanced relationship skills c. Alcohol dependency d. Greater conflict

14. Talking with a group of mothers, one mother says that she wants her children to grow up to be healthy, successful adults. She believes this will happen if her children are very connected to her and feel about life as she does. You inform her that a. She is right on track! Discouraging their breaking away and becoming their own people will result in her children being successful and healthy. b. The hard part of effective parenting is learning to let go of strong emotional connections and encourage personal individuality. c. It is interesting that you say that because adolescents who do not show differentiation of self are less likely to engage in early sexuality, use drugs and alcohol, and engage in problematic behavior. d. Encouraging children to be independent thinkers tends to lead to problematic behaviors and distancing from family.

15. Children need to be both connected and independent to have healthy relationships with family members. a. True b. False 16. Fusion occurs when: a. The family is locked in a negative generational transmission b. An emotional triangle is broken c. The emotional system over-rides the intellectual system in the family d. The family is confused about rules and norms 17. Your classmate tells you that she does not understand the concept of family fusion. You explain that family fusion a. Refers to families having little tolerance for individuality and expect all members to conform and think the same way. b. Means that families are fused together and are strong in the face of adversity. c. Results in children who grow up to be trustful and confident because of the knowledge that family members “have their back”. d. Is observed in families who have little conflict 18. Fusion is an emotional process that refers to a. How people are able to connect to the family emotional climate b. How families foster the development of a primary identity of a inner strength c. The creation of an identity enmeshed with the family of origin d. Disconnection from family generational processes

19. Fusion results in: a. More difficulty in problem solving b. Trouble controlling the emotional part of family systems c. Emotions over-riding rational thought processes d. All of the above 20. When a highly fused individual is confronted with an emotionally charged situation, they are most likely to: a. Respond calmly b. Irrationally seek to place blame c. Dominate the situation d. B & C 21. According to The Fusion Principle, the greater the differentiation: a. The less the fusion b. The greater the epigenesis c. The greater the dysfunction of the family d. The greater the ability to choose the intellectual system 22. It is normative for infants and young children to be fused with their parental family and this results in: a. Higher levels of trust and security for the child b. Children gaining confidence c. Children responding positively to appreciation d. All of the above 23. It is essential for adolescents to _______________________ if they are to be healthy emotionally and intellectually. a. Fuse with parental teachings and stay close to family. b. Move from differentiated to undifferentiated c. Recognize their own uniqueness and become differentiated d. Mature cognitively 24. At a local park, you observe a mother quickly intervene in her child’s conflicts with other children or when experiencing a problem that needs to be solved. You think, a. This parent is doing a great job! Her child will grow up healthy and independent. b. This is a lawnmower parent. c. Likely the child has special needs. d. This is a helicopter parent.

25. It is probably healthy for parents to allow children to solve problems and make many of their own decisions. a. True b. False

26. Increasing the flexibility of family boundaries to include children's independence is an emotional process common in which stage of the family life cycle? a. The family with young children b. The family with adolescents c. The family as a launching center d. The family later in life 27. The most malignant combination of factors for a family is: a. A high degree of closeness coupled with high tension and animosity b. A high degree of closeness coupled with concern and positive regard c. A low degree of closeness coupled with high tension and animosity d. A low degree of closeness coupled with concern and positive regard 28. In fused families, boundaries are a. very clear. b. Very blurred. c. Non existent.

29. Family fusion is maintained by a. Tension, anxiety, and hostility. b. Discussing and strengthening boundaries in the family. c. Differentiating between family and non-family. d. Warmth and caring interactions.

30. Kerr (1981) observed people from fused families and placed in highly emotional situations.

They found that these people a. Tended to be calm in these emotionally charged situations. b. Showed significant emotional numbing in emotionally charged situations. c. Expressed self-blaming and submissiveness in these settings. d. Behaved irrationally and sought approval of others in emotionally charged situations.

31. Bowen’s concept of differentiation and its effect on healthy development has been found to be universal across culture and ethnicity. a. True b. False 32. Jodi received a letter from the state saying that her newborn had been identified as having cystic fibrosis and needed to undergo additional testing. After several days of phone calls, discussions with geneticists and pediatricians, Jodi learned that the letter was sent out in error and her newborn was healthy. Likely, Jodi and her family suffered from a. Acute anxiety. b. Chronic anxiety. c. No true anxiety. d. Triangulation.

33. Lack of differentiation in the family often leads to chronic anxiety. a. True b. False 34. Families who suffer from chronic family anxiety are usually characterized by: a. Low tolerance for individuality, low conflict b. Low tolerance for individuality, high conflict c. High tolerance for individuality, high conflict d. High tolerance for individuality, low conflict 35. When a family encounters anxiety and distress: a. Fusion facilitates resource management. b. Differentiation enhances family functioning. c. Both of the above d. None of the above 36. Chronic family anxiety can result in: a. An imbalance in family loyalties b. Fusion of family members c. Decreased differentiation d. All of the above 37. ____________________ is the building block of all relationships, according to Murray Bowen. a. Differentiation b. The dyad c. Trust d. The three person system (triangle) 38. The __________ the differentiation of self, the __________ intense the triangle. a. Lower; less b. Lower; more c. Greater; less d. Greater; more 39. Families with high levels of fusion are more likely to: a. Develop acute family anxiety. b. Be vulnerable to emotional triangles. c. Be emotionally differentiated. d. Develop chronic family anxiety.

40. Emotional triangles result when: a. Two family members focus on a third issue to gain control in a situation b. Three family members create a healthy generational alliance. c. Family members are highly differentiated. d. Family members are attempting to manage loving feelings.

41. A health promoting strategy to manage emotional triangles is: a. Emotional cut-off b. Fusion c. Differentiation d. Focus on level I behaviors 42. Emotional Cutoff refers to: a. A tendency for a person coming a highly enmeshed family to want to block off interactions from other family members b. Resistance to intrusive parents when a young adult decides to live nearby. c. A type of mind game used to decrease epigenesis. d. A tendency for a person who comes from a highly enmeshed family to cutoff his/her thinking self and surrender to the will of the family.

43. With regard to the family emotional system: a. Fusion is inversely related to the likelihood emotional triangles will occur in the family b. Differentiation is inversely related to the likelihood emotional triangles will occur in the family c. Chronic family anxiety is inversely related to fusion d. There is no relationship between fusion, differentiation and emotional triangles.

44. Tim and Carla have been married for 15 years. Tim likes to fish and spends most weekends on the boat. Carla goes out occasionally, but she is increasingly frustrated when he chooses to fish rather than spending time with the family. They have been spending lots of time fighting about fishing. This is an example of: a. Chronic family anxiety b. Emotional triangulation c. Acute family anxiety d. Generational alliances 45. Which would be an effective way to manage emotional triangles? a. Work to be fused b. Use anticipatory socialization c. Align with the other two corners d. Try to use competitive feelings in a triangle

46. To manage emotional triangles: a. Ignore triangles in the family system b. Avoid differentiation c. Avoid long-term resentment and animosity d. All of the above 47. To avoid emotional triangles, families are well-advised to a. Create family fusion. b. Avoid long term negative emotions, such as anger or fear. c. Choose partners that are emotionally similar to each other. d. Try to help family members solve problems with other family members.

48. Millie’s brother talks to her in a rather curt manner as he walks out the door. “Wow,” says her friend. “Your brother must not like you!” Millie says, “Not really. I think he’s got a lot on his mind.” It appears that Millie is demonstrating a. The Benign assumption. b. Emotional cutoffs. c. Defensiveness. d. Lack of differentiation 49. Emotional cutoffs have been found to be highly effective in dealing with family fusion and chronic family tension. a. True b. False 50. Which type of family is more likely to produce an individual in which the emotional self overrides the intellectual or thinking part: a. A highly enmeshed family b. A family with lower levels of enmeshment c. A disablement family d. An Epigenetic family 51. When we try to teach families to have more appropriate levels of connection, we would try to have them: a. Decrease differentiation and increase enmeshment in their families b. Decrease enmeshment and increase differentiation in their families c. Decrease thinking elements and increase appropriate emotions in their families d. Decrease feeling and increase euphoria in their families 52. When involved in an emotional triangle it is best to: a. Work hard to change the relationship of the other two people in the triangle. b. Ignore one of the other people in the triangle. c. Do everything you can to get the other two to like each other. d. Work to maintain strong relationships with both of the other persons

53. “When I was growing up, my mother would frequently come to me and want to talk about my father. She would really need answers from me about what to do. I felt very burdened by this. Sometimes she would ask me to try and talk with him and find out what was on his mind. When I did this, it felt like I was spying on him because my mother would always pry things out of me that my dad had said.” Which of the following is the best title for the above paragraph? a. My Attempt at Generativity in a Close Relationship b. The Principle of Triangulation in Action c. How I Overcame the Effects of Triangulation d. Coping with a Punctuating Mother 54. Two siblings fight often, and often one of them tries to bring an older brother into the fight by getting the other child to choose their side. This is an example of: a. Differentiation b. Epigensis c. Triangling d. A flexibility issue

Instructor’s Companion to Introduction to Family Processes 6e Chapter 11 Forgiveness, Kindness, Hope, and Gratitude Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 11 1. Without even being asked, 14-year-old Ty spontaneously helps his younger brother with his

homework. Ty’s interaction with his brother is an example of a. Prosocial behavior. b. Empathy. c. Intrapersonal relationships. d. Selective engagement.

2. Forgiveness a. Is the freely chosen desire to no longer seek revenge or avoid a person. b. Means forgetting the offense. c. Refers to pardoning someone of their offense. d. All of the above.

3. Forgiveness is a. a family process. b. a multidimensional construct. c. involves strategies and behaviors that help family meet their goals. d. All of the above.

4. LaShawn was wronged by his friend. After much soul searching, he came to the conclusion that he couldn’t change the past and that holding on to anger was hurting him more than his friend. This is an example of a. Interpersonal forgiveness. b. Intrapersonal forgiveness. c. Partial forgiveness. d. Direct forgiveness.

5. Elly had a big argument with her best friend, who ended up calling her names and saying unkind things. Elly was so angry, she turned around and walked out. After about a week, she saw her friend at the grocery story. Elly walked over to her and hugged her. She asked her friend if she’d like to go see the movie they had planned earlier. This is an example of a. Direct forgiveness b. Indirect forgiveness c. Intrapersonal forgiveness. d. Conditional forgiveness.

6. Glenn Kempton’s father was killed by Tom Powers; however, Glenn went to Tom in prison and said that he was sorry for the circumstances that Tom’s actions resulted in but that he forgave Tom for killing his father. This is an example of a. Direct forgiveness b. Indirect forgiveness c. Intrapersonal forgiveness. d. Conditional forgiveness.

7. You and your best friend have a “falling out” and are angry with each other. If you follow what research has found, you are most likely to express what type of forgiveness toward your friend? a. Direct forgiveness b. Indirect forgiveness c. Intrapersonal forgiveness. d. Conditional forgiveness.

8. Eliana discovered that her husband had an affair with his secretary. He apologized and told her that he wanted to stay in their marriage if she could find it in her heart to forgive him.

Eliana said, “I’ll forgive you but only if you fire your secretary!’ This is an example of a. Direct forgiveness. b. Indirect forgiveness. c. Intrapersonal forgiveness. d. Conditional forgiveness.

9. In families, forgiveness a. Is not an event but an ongoing negotiation. b. Tends to be explicit but rare. c. Rarely happens but families thrive despite this. d. Is expressed often, with “I’m sorry”but is seen more frequently with females than males.

10. Benefits of forgiveness include a. Increased self-control b. Healthier life. c. Healthier relationships. d. All of the above.

11. Research has found that those who study forgiveness, such as Everett Worthington, find forgiveness easy. a. True b. False

12. We can grow in our ability to forgive a. Only if we start early, as children at home. b. Through learning formal strategies. c. With self directed efforts. d. B & C 13. Forgiveness involves a. A change in emotion. b. Forgetting the affront. c. Both of the above. d. None of the above.

14. Mary sees her son and daughter arguing. The son calls his sister, "Stupid!" Mary steps in and tells her son to say, "I'm Sorry!" She then tells her daughter to say, "I forgive you." This is an example of forgiveness. a. True b. False 15. Research has found that people are psychologically benefitted when a. They see someone do an act of kindness toward another. b. They think kindly about others. c. They actually do an act of kindness for another. d. All of the above.

16. Rowland and Curie (2016) found that acts of kindness a. Increased happiness in the doer, if the recipient was a friend. b. Increased happiness in the doer, if the recipient was a stranger. c. Increased happiness in the doe, if the recipient was a family member. d. Increased happiness in the doer, no matter who the recipient was.

17. According to Flaskas (2007), hope and hopelessness are not polar opposites. a. True b. False 18. Positive illusions created by families a. Are powerful in fostering hope and helping families move toward their goals. b. Can have negative consequences and put families and family members at risk. c. Both of the above. d. None of the above.

19. Shen worked hard to obtain a position with a Fortune 500 company. He tried to do everything right, from creating an excellent resume to practicing interview skills, and even sending a thank you card. When the human resource representative called him about getting the position, Shen told her, “You won’t regret this! I will guarantee that I’ll work 16 hours a day and bring the company to a new level.” This is type of gratitude is a. verbal gratefulness. b. concrete gratefulness. c. connected gratitude. d. finalistic gratefulness.

20. Natalee’s friend heard that Natalee was sick. The friend brought dinner to Natalee while she was sick. After Natalee recovered, she baked her famous cookies and took them over to her friend to express her gratitude. This type of gratitude is a. Verbal gratefulness. b. Concrete gratefulness. c. Connected gratitude. d. Finalistic gratefulness.

21. George reached a low point in his life. His best friend never lost faith in George and assisted him as he went through rehab, found him a good job, and even assisted George’s mother when she became sick. George said that he will always be grateful to George and would help him without a second thought if he ever needed anything. This type of gratitude is a. Verbal gratefulness. b. Concrete gratefulness. c. Connected gratitude. d. Finalistic gratefulness.

22. Research on gender and gratitude has found that a. Men tend to feel and express gratitude more than women. b. Women tend to feel and express gratitude more than men. c. Men tend to express gratitude more with co-workers and women tend to express gratitude more with family. d. There are no differences in gender and gratitude.

23. What activity has been found to result in short- and long-term improvements in friendship and life satisfaction? a. Keeping a daily journal b. Keeping a gratitude journal that focuses on gratitude for interpersonal relationships. c. Keeping a gratitude journal that focuses on gratitude for daily things. d. All of the above have been equally effective.

24. Universally, it has been found that strong families are made by a. Commitment to the family and its members. b. Successful management of stress and crisis. c. Spiritual well being. d. All of the above have been found to make strong families.

25. In the dual model of self-forgiveness, it is necessary to a. Take responsibility for what one did b. Replace negative emotions with positive emotions. c. Both of the above. d. None of the above.

Instructor’s Companion to Introduction to Family Processes 6e Chapter 12 Families as Units of Change and Transition Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 12 Families as Units of Change and Transition

1. When study families, a. It is important to consider individuals within the system as well as the system itself. b. Studying individual family members is not as important as studying the entire family system. c. Family scientists consider the “bedrock of family” to be the family system. d. Dyads provide the most information for understanding relationships.

2. A surprising finding from the Human Genome Project was a. Humans have over 100,000 protein coding genes. b. Humans have only 19,000 – 20,000 protein coding genes. c. 98% of DNA is coding DNA and 2% is noncoding DNA. d. Non-coding DNA plays not role in the expression of DNA, despite its prevalence.

3. Epigenomics is to epigenetics as a. DNA is to genes. b. Genes are to DNA. c. Location is to genetic expression. d. Qualitative is to quantitative.

4. It is possible for trauma to trigger epigenetic changes in humans. a. True b. False 5. Trauma can a. Result in changes to genes themselves. b. Turn some genes off and other genes on. c. Both of the above. d. None of the above.

6. When it comes to gender roles, a. Parent ideology has a stronger influence on children than parent behavior. b. Parent behavior has a stronger influence on children than parent ideology. c. What parents say has a stronger influence than what they do. d. Culture plays a more important role in gender roles than parents.

7. Compared with the past, today’s men a. Do as much household work as women. b. Do more household work than women. c. Do less household work than women.

d. Do the same household work as women if married to an employed woman.

8. Bott’s hypothesis a. Tied division of household labor to family organization and social networks. b. States division of household labor has its roots in evolutionary biology resulting in stronger men (outside work) and weaker women (inside work). c. Has stronger support today than it did in the 1950s. d. Supports the flexibility of gender roles.

9. Same sex couples tend to be more equal in their household division of labor and assigned based on preference. (a) True (b) False 10. Imbalanced power relationships Strengthen relationships. a. Make achieving family goals more likely as everyone knows their roles. b. less effective in attaining desired goals. c. Tend to last long.

11. In terms of power in marriage, your text concludes that a. women now have equal power compared to men, but it is in different areas of the relationship than where men have power. b. we seem to be moving significantly toward increased power for women in relationships. c. despite the feminist movement, almost no progress has been made in terms of power for women in marriages.

12. Which of the following does NOT guide and define who you are, according to your text? a. your gender b. your biological self c. your personality d. All of the above define who you are 13. Based on what you learned in this chapter, which of the following quotes best represents family: a. “There is nothing so stable as change” b. “We are who we are. We will never change.” c. “Life is smooth sailing.” d. “A family is what you make it.”

14. A crucial difference between family developmental change and individual development is that: a. Individual development focuses on the changes in patterns of family interaction b. Individual development refers to the systematic changes that occur as the result of physical, social, and emotional maturation

c. Family developmental changes focus on the incremental changes that occur between birth and death d. Family change refers to patterned changes that occur because of maturation and learning

15. White (2005) proposed combining family life course theory with human development theory and calling it: a. Family change theory. b. Family growth theory. c. Transition theory. d. Developmental course theory 16. Family change is both predictable and unpredictable. a. True b. False 17. Family life cycle theory a. Does not reflect how most families move through life. b. Focuses primarily on children. c. Reflects the majority of families as they grow and develop. d. A & B 18. Periods of rapid change are called ________; periods of stability are called __________. a. Difficult; easy b. Conversion; balance c. Transitions; stages d. Growth; stagnation 19. Doug and Anna are expecting their first child. They have been taking Lamaze classes, practicing their breathing, and have visited the local birthing center. They are taking advantage of: a. Anticipatory socialization. b. The Family Change principle. c. Generational transmission. d. Transitions.

20. A “take away” message from the discussion of transitions and change in family is: a. We can’t be too rigid in our planning b. Families have to have a plan in order to accomplish their goals c. Life events unfold in a series of sequences, though not all events happen to all people d. We have the power to control our futures 21. Who is likely to experience role strain? a. Ming Lee who is working two jobs, volunteering at her daughter’s school, supporting her aging mother, and running for office.

b. Gregor who has decided to become a “house husband” and is unsure what this means. c. Harrison who is trying to maintain her position as “perfect mother” and “perfect employee.” d. All of the above.

22. Your friend is struggling with all the things she must do from parenting to working to engaging in the community. She knows you study family and asks if you have any suggestions to help her minimize the strain she is feeling. You advise her: a. Take a look at all you are doing and what got you in this position; perhaps you are over committed and it is time to withdraw from some of those obligations. b. Talk with those around you and get a clearer idea of expectations for yourself and others. c. Make sure you separate your roles. Don’t bring work home, for example. d. All of the above can be helpful in reducing role strain.

23. Another word for morphostasis is a. Change b. Homeostasis. c. Serendipity. d. Entropy.

24. Family scholars believe that morphogenesis and morphostasis are a. incompatible with each other. b. permanent parts of family life. c. Inherent and unavoidable in family life. d. All of the above.

25. While it is true that positive change is always possible, the earlier we make such changes in a system, the better. a. True b. False 26. A young family is about to have a baby. As someone concerned with helping families grow strong and in positive directions, you will a. Prepare this family for what to expect with a newborn before they have the baby. b. Provide newborn training classes right after the family has the baby. c. Allow the family time to get settled and then provide training, perhaps three to four weeks later. d. Tell the family they are welcome to contact you anytime they have questions.

27. Sometimes, interventions should not be timed during transitions because they will be ineffective. a. True b. False 28. Research suggests that premarital programs a. Are most effective if provided prior to the wedding.

b. Are most effective if provided prior to the wedding and 6 months later. c. Are most effective when a couple realizes they may have issues that need to be resolved. d. Have little effect; however post marital programs are effective, especially after the first year.

Instructor’s Companion to Introduction to Family Processes 6e Chapter 13 Family Stress and Resilience Test Questions – Introduction to Family Processes (6e) Chapter 13 Family Stress and Resilience 1. The theory of family stress and resilience a. Is a deficit approach to family well-being. b. Focuses on strengths and abilities of family. c. Has a similar approach as most theories in in family research. d. Might focus on how children suffer during divorce.

2. For Froma Walsh, family resilience a. Is simply negotiating stressful conditions. b. Provides groundwork for family growth and transformation. c. May be found in families with a weak resource base but strong protective mechanisms. d. May be found in families with a strong resource base despite weak protective mechanisms.

3. According to Froma Walsh, several key processes operate in family resilience including a. Communication processes. b. Organizational processes. c. Belief systems. d. All of the above.

4. An example of non-normative family stress is a. Children starting school. b. Aging parents. c. A parent dying in a car accident. d. An adolescent child needing new clothes during pubertal growth spurt.

5. When a family begins asking one another "Why aren't our old strategies working?" they are likely facing a a. Level 1 stressor. b. Level 2 stressor. c. Level 3 stressor. d. Level 4 stressor.

6. Little Sammy left the back gate open and the dog escapes into the neighborhood. The entire family goes out to find the dog. After about 20 minutes, their pet is found and returned home. This is an example of a a. Level 1 stressor. b. Level 2 stressor. c. Level 3 stressor. d. Level 4 stressor.

7. For a young family, high inflation, unexpected costs for a leaking roof, and financial difficulties are examples of a. Level 1 stressors. b. Level 2 stressors. c. Level 3 stressors. d. Level 4 stressors.

8. 50-year-old Gordon acquires COVID19 and dies within a week, leaving behind a wife and two children. This is an example of a a. Level 1 stressor. b. Level 2 stressor. c. Level 3 stressor. d. Level 4 stressor.

9. As discussed in the text, which of the following words best relates to “crisis”? a. Fear b. Emergency c. Catastrophe d. Decision 10. For the ABC-X model, the stressor is represented by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. X. 11. For the ABC-X model, family resources are represented by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. X 12. For the ABC-X model, how the family perceives and defines a situation is represented by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. X. 13. For the ABC-X model, the outcome of a difficult situation is represented by a. A b. B. c. C. d. X.

14. The Smiths have a child with Down Syndrome, necessitating special therapies, time commitments, and even changing the family’s ideas of “perfection.” Fortunately, the family has a good income, insurance that covers much of the therapy costs, supportive friends, and strong religious values. They believe that this difficulty has actually strengthened their family and made them more involved in the community at large. The family is well functioning. In the ABC-X model, the child being born with Down Syndrome could be represented by a. A b. B c. C d. X 15. The Smiths have a child with Down Syndrome, necessitating special therapies, time commitments, and even changing the family’s ideas of “perfection.” Fortunately, the family has a good income, insurance that covers much of the therapy costs, supportive friends, and strong religious values. They believe that this difficulty has actually strengthened their family and made them more involved in the community at large. The family is well functioning. In the ABC-X model, having a supportive community could be represented by a. A b. B c. C d. X 16. The Smiths have a child with Down Syndrome, necessitating special therapies, time commitments, and even changing the family’s ideas of “perfection.” Fortunately, the family has a good income, insurance that covers much of the therapy costs, supportive friends, and strong religious values. They believe that this difficulty has actually strengthened their family and made them more involved in the community at large. The family is well functioning. In the ABC-X model, seeing the child’s birth as strengthening the family is represented by a. A b. B c. C d. X 17. The Smiths have a child with Down Syndrome, necessitating special therapies, time commitments, and even changing the family’s ideas of “perfection.” Fortunately, the family has a good income, insurance that covers much of the therapy costs, supportive friends, and strong religious values. They believe that this difficulty has actually strengthened their family and made them more involved in the community at large. The family is well functioning. In the ABC-X model, the well-functioning family could be represented by a. A b. B c. C d. X

18. term stress pile-up refers to: a. The trajectory of despair in a family's life after the death of a family member b. The accumulation of several changes occurring simultaneously c. Several stressor events happening over a short duration d. B & C 19. The Mitchel's are having a difficult time getting their house repaired after the fire. First, the insurance company contested their coverage and refused to pay for the repairs. Then, they couldn't find a contractor that the insurance company would accept. When they finally did find a contractor the work took 3 months longer than bid. The last straw was when the pipes in the upstairs bath burst the week before they were to move back in and flooded out the entire home. The Michelle's may be experiencing: a. Requisite variety of stress b. Chronic family anxiety c. Stress pile-up d. Morphostasis 20. In the ABC-X model, resources would be considered all of the following EXCEPT a. Money. b. Family friends. c. Problem solving abilities. d. ALL of the above are considered resources.

21. The most important family resources for handling family stress are cohesion and a. Love. b. Community. c. Adaptability. d. Education.

22. Dorothy's daughter died at age 6 from a rare type of childhood leukemia. She says "It is the will of God." Dorothy is utilizing what type of coping strategy in dealing with her loss? a. Differentiation b. Fusion c. Defining the situation d. Defensive socialization 23. Latisha's dad died last week. It was a shock for the family because he was only 49 and had no health problems and ran a marathon last year. Right now everyone in the family is just reeling from the shock. They are: a. In the acute stage of their stress reaction b. Experiencing a normative developmental stressor c. In the middle of chronic family anxiety d. Reorganizing and creating new rules and ways of relating

24. When faced with stress, all families appear to go through a roller coaster pattern of disorganization and re-adjustment. a. True b. False 25. Which of the following statements is the best characterization of the research findings about Koo's roller-coaster pattern of family stress response: a. It is an accurate description of the experience of all families b. It is reflective of the experience of all but a few families c. It is describes one of the paths to crisis resolution for families d. It is an accurate reflection of the crisis experience of only a small group of families

26. How does coping relate to resources? a. Coping is an excellent resource. b. Resources and coping are synonymous. c. Resources is what one has and coping is what one does.

27. Jean’s elderly mother recently experienced a stroke and needs additional care. An example of a cognitive coping strategy for her family would be: a. Jean calling her aunt to set up a visitation schedule b. Jean calling a social worker to talk about her stressful feelings c. Jean telling her kids, “Gramma looked after us in the past, now it is our turn to look after her.” d. Jean waiting to see if the hospital staff will provide post-hospital treatment 28. Caroline was driving her parent's new car to school on a winter day and she hit a patch of ice.

The car spun out of control and went into the ditch. Her father arrived as the tow truck was pulling the car back onto the road. He took a long look at the crumpled bumper and door and said calmly, "Don't worry about the car. That is what insurance is for. We can replace the car but we couldn't replace you!" Her father was using: a. A cognitive coping strategy to redefine the situation b. An emotional strategy to resolve the crisis and keep from yelling at her c. Fusion to gradually cope with the accident d. Adaptability

29. A family may be able to recover more quickly from a crisis such as a stillbirth if: a. They are careful not to burden one another with their grief b. They attempt to put the death behind them and move on c. They talk about the death with each other d. They discipline themselves to grieve only in private 30. Family changes due to stressor events can create strong emotional reactions. The key to effective management of emotions for families is: a. Being aware of emotions

b. Releasing emotions in healthy ways c. Ignoring the emotions in the family d. A & B 31. Which of the following is the healthiest management strategy for a family that has lost a major wage earner? a. Do not talk about it, as that will increase tension b. Increase participation in the “informal economy” by trading skills, barter and exchanging resources within the community c. Continue current spending habits (using credit cards, if necessary) so that no family member becomes depressed d. Relieve the tension with better meals 32. According to Bronfenbrenner, high supportiveness tends to be a. Enabling at all times for families. b. Disabling for serious stressful events. c. Disabling when things are going well for family and enabling for serious stressful events. d. Enabling when things are going well for family and disabling for serious stressful events.

33. Which of the following is considered a “disabling strategy” when dealing with a stressor? a. Avoiding the stressor. b. Working on getting a positive atitutde. c. Turning toward spiritual strategies. d. NONE of the above are disabling strategies.

34. Not knowing who is inside or outside the family or what roles family members play is referred to as a. Primary stressors. b. Role dissociation. c. Boundary ambiguity. d. Progressive family dissolution.

35. Olson’s circumplex model is based on three dimensions related to family functioning. All of the following are those dimensions, EXCEPT: a. Cohesion b. Flexibility c. Communication d. Structure