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Chap 01_2ce Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Skin is considered superficial. a. True b. False a. True b. False 2. Biology is the study of the physical structures of an organism. a. True b. False a. True b. False 3. Mushrooms are a prokaryotic, unicellular organism. a. True b. False a. True b. False 4. The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into multiple quadrants. a. True b. False a. True b. False 5. Disease results when homeostasis is not maintained over time. a. True b. False a. True b. False 6. The regulation of multiple factors within the internal environment is known as homeostasis. a. True b. False a. True b. False 7. Pleural membranes are protected by the cranium. a. True b. False a. True b. False

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Chap 01_2ce 8. Positive feedback loops are common in human physiology. a. True b. False a. True b. False 9. The heart is part of an organ system made up of different types of cells. a. True b. False a. True b. False 10. Bacteria are necessary for human survival. a. True b. False a. True b. False 11. The ankle is proximal to the knee. a. True b. False a. True b. False 12. Physiology is the study of how anatomical parts function. a. True b. False a. True b. False 13. Viruses are considered living things because they are made of cells. a. True b. False a. True b. False 14. The integumentary system is made up of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue. a. True b. False a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 15. The male reproductive system does NOT include which of the following? a. bladder b. testes c. vas deferens d. prostate gland Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 01_2ce 16. Which of the following is NOT a type of receptor in the human body? a. tactile receptor b. nocturnal receptor c. baroreceptor d. photoreceptor 17. Which of the following hormones is/are produced by the ovaries? a. progesterone and testosterone b. progesterone c. estrogen d. estrogen and progesterone Sarah Sarah and Melanie were playing in a tree when Sarah fell out the tree and tried to brace her fall with her outstretched right arm. X-rays showed that Sarah had fractured her right radius bone in her forearm. 18. What is the anatomical name for the area Sarah fractured? a. brachial b. antebrachial c. antecubital d. palmar 19. What is the general term for prokaryotes? a. bacteria b. protists c. fungi d. plants 20. Which of the following is NOT an organ system of the human body? a. exocrine system b. reproductive system c. cardiovascular system d. integumentary system 21. Which of the following organ systems is responsible for the breakdown of proteins to amino acids? a. urinary system b. muscular system c. digestive system d. cardiovascular system Sarah Sarah and Melanie were playing in a tree when Sarah fell out the tree and tried to brace her fall with her outstretched right arm. X-rays showed that Sarah had fractured her right radius bone in her forearm. 22. Sarah's fracture is ______ to her shoulder. a. distal b. superficial c. proximal d. superior 23. What is the mediastinum? a. the space between the pleural membranes that surround the lungs b. the anatomical central region of the thoracic cavity c. the space between the pericardial membranes that surround the heart d. located in the hypogastric region 24. Which region is 4 pointing to? a. antebrachial region b. brachial region c. cubital region d. antecubital region

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Chap 01_2ce Luke Luke is a hockey player. During his game last night, he was checked and fell on the ice, hitting the back of his head. At the hospital he was diagnosed with a concussion. He is feeling significant pain on the posterior aspect of his head where he contacted the ice. 25. The pain that Luke is feeling from his injury is from which type of receptors? a. thermoreceptors b. osmoreceptors c. baroreceptors d. nociceptors 26. Which of the following structures is NOT found in the mediastinum? a. esophagus b. heart c. trachea d. spinal cord 27. Which of the following is an exception to the fungi kingdom because it is unicellular? a. yeast b. mushrooms c. mildew d. molds 28. In which kingdom would you find a prokaryotic organism that can live in extreme environments? a. Fungi b. Plants c. Archaebacteria d. Eubacteria 29. Which of the following refers to the process of making and using energy? a. metabolism b. growth c. reproduction d. heredity Luke Luke is a hockey player. During his game last night, he was checked and fell on the ice, hitting the back of his head. At the hospital he was diagnosed with a concussion. He is feeling significant pain on the posterior aspect of his head where he contacted the ice. 30. Luke's injury is located in which body cavity? a. thoracic b. vertebral c. abdominopelvic d. cranial 31. In a homeostatic negative feedback response, let’s suppose the stimulus is a decrease in body temperature. Which of the following would be the effector? a. blood vessels in the skin that constrict b. receptors that detect temperature change c. the hypothalamus, which determines that body temperature is too low d. sensory information that is sent to the brain

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Chap 01_2ce 32. Select the correct order of levels of organization that make up the body from the smallest/simplest to the largest/most complex level. a. molecule/chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism b. molecule/chemical, cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism c. molecule/chemical, cell, organ, tissue, organ system, organism d. cell, molecule/chemical, tissue, organ, organ system, organism 33. A transverse plane divides the body into what sections? a. left and right sections b. superior and inferior sections c. anterior and posterior sections d. angular sections 34. Ashley’s X-rays will be taken of which region of her body? a. pelvic b. thoracic c. abdominal d. cranial 35. In which kingdom would you find organisms that are photosynthetic, eukaryotic, and multicellular? a. Fungi b. Plants c. Archaebacteria d. Eubacteria 36. Which of the following describes how Archaebacteria are classified? a. eukaryotic, multicellular b. prokaryotic, unicellular c. prokaryotic, multicellular d. eukaryotic, multicellular 37. What are the four basic elements from which all living things are made? a. hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium b. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen c. oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, carbon d. carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, oxygen 38. What is the primary cause of heart disease? a. atherosclerosis b. genetics c. obesity d. angina 39. What is the major function of the integumentary system? a. to take up excess fluids from the interstitial or intercellular space b. to take up oxygen c. to protect the internal organs d. to protect from infection, physical damage and dehydration 40. Which system is the esophagus part of? a. reproductive system b. digestive system c. cardiovascular system d. respiratory system 41. How many chromosomes to humans have in the nucleus of each cell, not including sperm or eggs? a. 23 b. 26 c. 42 d. 46

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Chap 01_2ce 42. Which sustem is the pituitary gland part of? system a. respiratory system b. lymphatic system c. reproductive system d. endocrine system 43. With respect to the nervous system, which of the following are the specialized senses? a. visual, auditory, equilibrium, gustatory, olfactory b. visual, auditory, emotion, olfactory c. visual, equilibrium, olfactory, emotion, gustatory d. auditory, equilibrium, olfactory, emotion 44. Which system functions to help regulate body temperature, protect the body, and detect sensations such as touch, pressure, and pain? a. endocrine system b. integumentary system c. digestive system d. urinary system Jack Jack was competing in a track and field event on a hot summer day. Following his 1500 m run, he was very sweaty and breathing heavily. He quickly drank a bottle of water and ate a banana. 45. What type of muscle tissue did Jack use to move his body while running? a. smooth muscle b. cardiac muscle c. skeletal muscle d. glandular muscle 46. What is the organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plants? a. mitochondria b. chloroplast c. nucleus d. lysosome 47. Homeostasis relies primarily on which type of feedback system? a. integrative feedback b. negative feedback c. continual feedback d. positive feedback 48. Which of the following plays a role in Ashley’s breathing? a. hypothalamus b. pancreas c. thyroid d. medulla oblongata 49. What do osmoreceptors detect? a. pain b. concentrations of ions c. pressure d. body position 50. Which region is 11 pointing to? a. coxal region b. manual region c. pubic region d. carpal region 51. George is having an appendix attack. In which quadrant would he have the pain? a. LLQ b. RUQ c. RLQ d. LUQ Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 01_2ce 52. Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of life from the least inclusive to the most inclusive? a. molecules, chemicals, cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organism b. chemicals, molecules, tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organism c. molecules, chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism d. chemicals, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism 53. Which of the following is a secondary function of the muscular system? a. heat production b. protecting internal organs c. responding to stimuli d. maintaining posture 54. In the following diagram, which is showing a midsagittal plane?

a. 1 c. 3

b. 2 d. 4

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Chap 01_2ce 55. If you were facing a person in the correct anatomical position, which region could you observe? a. occipital region b. scapular region c. lumbar region d. palmar region 56. In which cavity are the lungs found? a. abdominal cavity b. thoracic cavity c. dorsal cavity d. cranial cavity 57. Which organ system is most likely affected? a. respiratory system b. reproductive system c. skeletal system d. nervous system Jack Jack was competing in a track and field event on a hot summer day. Following his 1500 m run, he was very sweaty and breathing heavily. He quickly drank a bottle of water and ate a banana. 58. Jack's sweating is accomplished by which organ system? a. integumentary system b. nervous system c. endocrine system d. cardiovascular system 59. Which of the following is a receptor that detects blood pressure? a. photoreceptor b. thermoreceptor c. baroreceptor d. nociceptor Jack Jack was competing in a track and field event on a hot summer day. Following his 1500 m run, he was very sweaty and breathing heavily. He quickly drank a bottle of water and ate a banana. 60. What is Jack's sweating an example of? a. an effector b. an organ system c. an integrating system d. a receptor 61. Which region is 12 pointing to? a. carpal region b. pollex region c. tarsal region d. hallux region

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Chap 01_2ce 62. Use the following diagram for the next 4 questions. Which region is 1 pointing to?

a. orbital region c. ocular region

b. nasal region d. otic region

63. Which of the following is the best description of a protist? a. single-celled, has flagella, has no membrane-bound organelles b. single-celled, eukaryotic, and some species produce spores c. multicellular, prokaryotic, has cilia and mitochondria d. multicellular, eukaryotic, has vacuoles and chloroplasts 64. Which of the following terms refers to the changes in organisms over multiple generations? a. integration b. reproduction c. homeostasis d. evolution 65. Which of the following is true regarding anatomical position? a. toes face forward b. palms face backward c. body is lying down d. arms are overhead

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Chap 01_2ce Answer Key 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. True 7. False 8. False 9. True 10. True 11. False 12. True 13. False 14. False 15. a 16. b 17. d 18. b 19. a 20. a 21. c 22. a 23. b 24. a 25. d 26. d

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Chap 01_2ce 27. a 28. c 29. a 30. d 31. a 32. a 33. b 34. b 35. b 36. b 37. b 38. a 39. d 40. b 41. d 42. d 43. a 44. b 45. c 46. b 47. b 48. d 49. b 50. b 51. c 52. d 53. a 54. d Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 01_2ce 55. d 56. b 57. a 58. a 59. c 60. a 61. c 62. b 63. b 64. d 65. a

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Chap 02_2ce Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Cellulose is a structural plant carbohydrate and is used to produce energy in the human body. a. True b. False a. True b. False 2. Triglycerides are found in adipocytes. a. True b. False a. True b. False 3. Enzymes in our body are unable to oxidize trans fatty acids. a. True b. False a. True b. False 4. DNA is a double helix where by two strands of DNA bind together by the phosphate group. a. True b. False a. True b. False 5. Eating several oranges in one day will ensure the body has enough vitamin C for several weeks. a. True b. False a. True b. False 6. Cytosine and thymine are single-ring bases called purines. a. True b. False a. True b. False 7. Eating fats speeds up the digestion process, so the body has less time to absorb the nutrients. a. True b. False a. True b. False

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Chap 02_2ce 8. Enzymes in our body are unable to oxidize trans fatty acids. a. True b. False a. True b. False 9. Adenine always binds with thymine. a. True b. False a. True b. False 10. If there are only single bonds between the carbons of the fatty acid chain, the structure of the fat molecule will be straight, making the fatty acid a solid. a. True b. False a. True b. False 11. Sucrose is formed by the dehydration synthesis reaction between two glucose molecules. a. True b. False a. True b. False 12. The process of breaking of hydrogen bonds in a protein is known as denaturation. a. True b. False a. True b. False 13. Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose. a. True b. False a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 14. What is lactose composed of? a. glucose and galactose b. glucose and glucose c. fructose and glucose d. maltose and glucose 15. What are cell membranes primarily composed of? a. essential fatty acids b. phospholipids c. polysaccharides d. nucleic acids Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 02_2ce 16. If a fat is solid at room temperature, it is most likely which of the following? a. Saturated b. Unsaturated c. polymerized d. hydrolyzed 17. Which of the following statements is true with respect to RNA and DNA? a. DNA contains the stored information for protein synthesis within the nucleotides adenine, thymine, guanine, and uracil. b. RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule transcribed from a DNA gene sequence that codes for the synthesis of a protein. c. DNA is a double helix whereby two strands of DNA bind together by the phosphate groups. d. In DNA, two hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine, and three hydrogen bonds hold guanine and uracil together. 18. What is the only way that amino acids differ? a. by their amino groups b. by their carboxyl groups c. by their functional groups d. by their bonding types 19. Which of the following is NOT a type of protein? a. antibody b. enzyme c. membrane channel d. glycogen 20. Which of the following is an example of a hydrophobic molecule? a. glucose b. salt c. hydocarbon chain of fatty acid d. amino acid 21. What is a phospholipid is composed of? a. two non-polar fatty acid chains and a polar head containing a glycerol and a phosphate group b. one non-polar fatty acid chain and three phosphate groups c. three polar fatty acid chains and a polar head containing a glycerol and a phosphate group d. one non-polar fatty acid chain and two non-polar heads 22. Which of the following lists contains the three essential fatty acids? a. linoleic acid, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid b. aspartic acid, linoleic acid, and glutamic acid c. alpha-linoleic acid, oleic acid, and glutamic acid d. alpha-linoleic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid 23. Which of the following describes the primary structure of protein? a. It is an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet. b. It is maintained by hydrogen bonds. c. It is composed of two or more polypeptide chains. d. It is the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain.

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Chap 02_2ce 24. The human body is composed of what percentage of water? a. 45–75% b. 45–95% c. 55–75% d. 70-95 25. What is this molecule?

a. monosaccharide c. ribose

b. amino acid d. cholesterol

26. What is the primary type of fat that you would find in olive oil? a. saturated fat b. unsaturated fat c. trans fat d. phospholipid

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Chap 02_2ce 27. What is this molecule?

a. cholesterol c. monounsaturated fat

b. phospholipid d. triglyceride

28. Which of the following is a monosaccharide? a. sucrose b. galactose c. maltose d. glycogen 29. A deficiency in which of the following minerals may cause muscular twitching? a. phosphorus b. calcium c. iron d. iodine 30. What is the complementary strand of DNA for CTGGATAC? a. CTGGATAC b. GACCUAUG c. CAUAGGUTC d. GACCTATG 31. What is the term for molecules that have both polar and non-polar regions? a. amphipathic b. hydrophobic c. hydrophilic d. covalent 32. Which of the following has thymine? a. DNA b. RNA c. both DNA and RNA d. neither DNA nor RNA 33. What is the name for the three-dimensional shape that constitutes the functional structure of a protein? a. primary structure b. secondary structure c. tertiary structure d. quaternary structure 34. Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of eating fibre? a. It adds bulk to large intestine. b. It acts as a prebiotic. c. It increases the risk of bowel disease. d. It helps regulate immune functions.

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Chap 02_2ce Sarah and Melanie Sarah and Melanie finish their soccer game on a hot summer day and decide to go for a snack at Dairy Queen. Sarah orders a banana split, and Melanie orders a hamburger and fries. Both girls enjoy their treats as they continue to discuss the outcome of their soccer game. After a while Sarah starts to feel bloated and experiences stomach pains. She recalls that this has been frequently occurring when she eats certain foods. 35. What has Melanie just consumed a large amount of? a. protein b. essential fatty acids c. triglycerides d. amino acids 36. Which type of bond links amino acids together? a. ionic bonds b. glycosidic bonds c. phosphodiester bonds d. peptide bonds 37. If a molecule is composed of a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen, and a functional group, what kind of molecule it? a. amino acid b. nucleotide c. fatty acid d. disaccharide 38. The storage form of carbohydrates is ____ in animals and ____ in plants. a. glycogen, cellulose b. starch, glycogen c. cellulose, glycogen d. glycogen, starch 39. Which of the following is NOT a major complex carbohydrate relevant to the human body? a. starch b. glycogen c. glucose d. cellulose 40. Which of the following is the process for forming bonds between monomers? a. polymerization b. denaturation c. dehydration d. hydrolysis 41. Which of the following is NOT a method used in refining oils? a. bleaching b. deodorizing c. toasting d. oxidizing 42. Which of the following is an example of an enzyme? a. hemoglobin b. collagen c. polymerase d. ion channels

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a. cis fatty acid c. polyunsaturated fatty acid

b. trans fatty acid d. saturated fatty acid

45. Which of the following refers to fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons? a. saturated b. unsaturated c. hydrogenated d. trans fats 46. By which process can the result of hydrolysis be reversed? a. polymerization b. dehydration synthesis c. addition of an amino group d. addition of a hydroxyl group 47. Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cells that we eat but do not digest? a. glycogen b. glucose c. starch d. cellulose 48. Which of the following is an essential amino acid? a. isoleucine b. serine c. glutamine d. histidine 49. Which of the following is NOT found in human cell membranes? a. phospholipids b. triglycerides c. ribosomes d. cholesterol 50. By what process do molecules combine to form macromolecules? a. hydrolysis b. hydrogen bonding c. dehydration synthesis d. protein synthesis Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 02_2ce 51. Which of the following is NOT important for protein function? a. The amino acid sequence. b. The secondary structure. c. The tertiary structure. d. The number of amino acids. 52. Margarine is formed by which of the following processes? a. hydrogenation b. polymerization c. hydration d. hydrolysis 53. Which of the following describes peptide bonds? a. They form between fatty acids. b. They form by a hydrolysis reaction. c. They link amino acids. d. They form between monosaccharides. 54. What bonds are broken in a denatured protein? a. peptide bonds b. hydrogen bonds c. glycosidic bonds d. phosphodiester bonds 55. Which of the following is most commonly used by our cells to make ATP? a. cellulose b. peptides c. glucose d. amino acids 56. The human body can synthesize _____ of the _____ amino acids from other molecules. a. 9, 30 b. 11, 20 c. 11, 40 d. 12, 30 57. Which of the following statements does NOT describe a role of cholesterol in human physiology? a. It is a major constituent of cell membranes. b. It is involved in the production of mood hormones. c. It is starting material for production of steroid hormones. d. It is used by the liver to make bile. 58. A mother gives birth to a baby at 38 weeks gestation. The baby is born with neural tube defects. Which of the following vitamins may the mother have been deficient in during pregnancy? a. vitamin A b. vitamin D c. folic acid d. biotin 59. Which of the following refers to hydrophilic molecules? a. They are insoluble in water. b. They are water soluble. c. They are neutral in water. d. They are highly reactive in water. 60. Which of the following is an example of a protein of the extracellular matrix? a. actin b. blood type molecules c. antibodies d. collagen 61. What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates? a. 1:1:2 b. 2:1:2 c. 1:2:2 d. 1:2:1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 02_2ce 62. If you eat French fries every day, which of the following will most likely result? a. It will decrease blood sugar levels. b. It will decrease insulin production. c. It will increase blood sugar levels. d. It will help control appetite. 63. Which of the following is an essential fatty acid? a. omega 3 b. cholesterol c. trans fats d. saturated fats 64. Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule? a. phospholipid b. RNA c. polypeptide d. fructose 65. Which of the following is the monomer for RNA? a. Amino acid b. Ribose c. Cholesterol d. Nucleotide 66. Water molecules are held together by what kind of bond? a. hydrogen bonds b. ionic bonds c. covalent bonds d. polar covalent bonds

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Chap 02_2ce Answer Key 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. False 7. False 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. False 12. True 13. True 14. a 15. b 16. a 17. b 18. c 19. d 20. c 21. a 22. d 23. d 24. a 25. a 26. b

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Chap 02_2ce 27. a 28. b 29. b 30. d 31. a 32. a 33. c 34. c 35. c 36. d 37. a 38. d 39. c 40. a 41. d 42. c 43. c 44. a 45. b 46. b 47. d 48. a 49. d 50. c 51. d 52. a 53. c 54. b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 02_2ce 55. c 56. b 57. b 58. c 59. b 60. d 61. d 62. c 63. a 64. d 65. d 66. a

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Chap 03_2ce Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Gram negative bacteria contain a nucleus. a. True b. False a. True b. False 2. Ribosomes are identical in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. a. True b. False a. True b. False 3. Cell membranes are non-permeable. a. True b. False a. True b. False 4. The inner membrane of the mitochondria is called the cristae. a. True b. False a. True b. False 5. The cell theory states that cells can only come from pre-existing cells. a. True b. False a. True b. False 6. Michael is a runner who has been training for marathons for years. A cellular analysis of Michael’s muscle tissue would show a high number of mitochondria. a. True b. False a. True b. False 7. Active transport requires energy and moves molecules against the concentration gradient. a. True b. False a. True b. False

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Chap 03_2ce 8. Animal cells rely on chloroplasts for photosynthesis. a. True b. False a. True b. False 9. The plasma membrane consists of two hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head. a. True b. False a. True b. False 10. Prokaryotic can have a cell wall and a capsule, unlike human cells. a. True b. False a. True b. False 11. Membrane proteins facilitate diffusion by acting as channels or carriers. a. True b. False a. True b. False 12. Facilitated diffusion requires ATP to produce energy. a. True b. False a. True b. False 13. Occludens are proteins that permit intracellular movement. a. True b. False a. True b. False 14. Cells can sometimes be one metre in length. a. True b. False a. True b. False

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Chap 03_2ce 15. Immune function is supported by the Golgi body. a. True b. False a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 16. Which line is pointing to the Golgi? a. B b. C c. D d. E 17. Which line is pointing to the centrioles? a. A b. B c. C d. D 18. What does this figure represent? a. site of protein synthesis b. site of energy production c. site of cellular digestion d. site of glycosylation 19. What is the function of the proton pump? a. to increase extracellular sodium concentrations b. to create a hydrogen ion gradient outside of the cell c. to allow glucose and amino acids to enter cells of the small intestine d. to facilitate the production of ATP 20. Which of the following forms microtubules during cells division that are used for separating chromosomes? a. Golgi bodies b. cytoskeleton c. collagen d. centrioles 21. Which of the following membrane proteins can become saturated? a. aquaporins b. carriers c. channels d. sodium ion channels 22. Which of the following is found in BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. endoplasmic reticulum b. nucleus c. ribosomes d. mitochondria 23. Which of the following is a type of coupled transport? a. symbiosis b. antiport c. apotosis d. chemiosmosis

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Chap 03_2ce Use the following diagram for the next 4 questions.

CELL 24. What organelle is identified by A? a. lysosome b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. nucleus d. cytoskeletal protein 25. Which of the following is responsible for the organization of spindle fibres? a. Golgi body b. nucleus c. mitochondria d. centrioles 26. What is the net movement of solute down a concentration gradient? a. active transport b. endocytosis c. osmosis d. diffusion 27. Insulin is transported from intercellular organelles to our bloodstream through which mechanism? a. phagocytosis b. endocytosis c. exocytosis d. pinocytosis 28. The movement of water within the digestive tract after eating a bag of chips occurs through which of the following processes? a. osmosis b. active transport c. diffusion d. facilitated diffusion 29. Which of the following does NOT require a membrane protein to cross the membrane? a. carbon dioxide b. glucose c. sodium ions d. amino acids

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