CHAPTER 1 1)
Historically, the most accurate study of the body began with __________. A) X-rays B) dissection C) palpation D) MRI E) a stethoscope
2)
A human body specimen used for dissection is called a __________. A) cadaver B) comparative specimen C) corpse D) dry specimen E) model
3) Feeling structures with your fingertips is called __________, whereas tapping on the body and listening for sounds of abnormalities is called __________. A) palpation; auscultation B) auscultation; percussion C) percussion; auscultation D) palpation; percussion E) percussion; palpation
4) Which of these is the best imaging technique for routinely examining the anatomical development of a fetus?
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A) Auscultation B) PET scan C) MRI D) Sonography E) Radiography
5) The fact that most of us have five lumbar vertebrae, but some people have six and some have four is an example of __________ variation among organisms. A) cellular B) holistic C) physiological D) anatomical E) reductionist
6) When examining a patient, a nurse notices that their right kidney is not in its usual location. What does this most likely mean? A) The patient definitely has a kidney disease. B) The patient may simply have an anatomical variation. C) The patient is faking an injury. D) The patient's kidney was stolen by black market organ harvesters. E) The nurse is not good at palpation.
7) Understanding the respiratory function of mice, helps us understand the respiratory function of humans. This is an example of __________.
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A) neurophysiology B) comparative physiology C) endocrinology D) physiopathology E) histology
8)
Metabolism is the sum of __________. A) inhalation and exhalation B) growth and differentiation C) anabolism and catabolism D) positive and negative feedback E) responsiveness and movement
9) The change in size of the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced) as an infant matures is an example of __________, whereas the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells is an example of __________. A) development; differentiation B) growth; development C) growth; differentiation D) differentiation; growth E) differentiation; development
10) When you exercise you generate excess heat and your body temperature rises. Blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and you lose heat. This is an example of __________.
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A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) dynamic equilibrium D) integration control E) set point adjustment
11) Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates release of the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates body cells to uptake glucose from the bloodstream. This reduces blood glucose concentration. This is an example of __________. A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) dynamic equilibrium D) integration control E) set point adjustment
12)
Negative feedback loops are __________. A) homeostatic B) not homeostatic C) associated with "vicious circles" D) self-amplifying cycles E) harmful
13)
The ability to maintain internal stability is called _________. A) homeostasis B) thermodynamics C) reproduction D) development E) evolution
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14) When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is an example of __________. A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) dynamic equilibrium D) integration control E) set point adjustment
15)
Which of the following is most likely to cause disease? A) Positive feedback B) Negative feedback C) Homeostasis D) Equilibrium E) Irritability
16) On average the resting heart rate of a healthy, normal adult human is between 70 and 80 beats per minute (bpm). A marathon runner may have a resting heart rate of 55 bpm. This is an example of __________. A) a normal anatomical variation B) an exercise-induced physiological variation C) a pathological physiological variation D) an abnormality E) a pathological anatomical variation
17)
Which of the following is least likely to result in physiological variation?
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A) Gender B) Physical activity level C) Age D) Diet E) Time of day
18)
Which of the following is considered the simplest living body structure? A) Organ system B) Organ C) Cell D) Organelle E) Molecule
19) An __________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas __________ are microscopic structures in a cell. A) organ system; organs B) organ system; organelles C) organ; organelles D) organ; molecules E) organelle; molecules
20) Which of the following lists the levels of human structure from themost complex to the simplest?
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A) Organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system B) Organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelle C) Organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organ D) Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle E) Organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelle
21) Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex? A) Mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, adipocyte (fat cell) B) Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach C) Mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, adipocyte (fat cell) D) Protein, adipocyte (fat cell), stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrion E) Protein, stomach, connective tissue, adipocyte (fat cell), mitochondrion
22) A(n) __________ is a group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function. A) macromolecule B) organ system C) organelle D) organism E) tissue
23)
Which one of the following isnot in the correct anatomical position?
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A) Arms at sides B) Standing erect C) Face and eyes facing forward D) Feet flat on the floor E) Palms facing posteriorly
24) Which plane passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions? A) Sagittal B) Frontal C) Median D) Transverse E) Oblique
25) What is the only plane that allows one to see both kidneys and the umbilicus at the same time? A) Frontal B) Midsagittal C) Transverse D) Parasagittal E) Coronal
26)
The image of a typical chest X-ray shows a __________ view of the thoracic region.
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A) sagittal B) frontal C) transverse D) oblique E) lateral
27)
The most superior segment of the upper limb is called the __________ region. A) digital B) manual C) carpal D) antebrachial E) brachial
28) The __________ region of the left lower limb is proximal to the __________ region of the same limb. A) carpal; manual B) femoral; crural C) antebrachial; brachial D) tarsal; crural E) brachial; femoral
29)
The interscapular region is __________ to the scapular region.
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A) anterior B) posterior C) medial D) lateral E) superior
30)
The stomach is located mainly in which quadrant of the abdomen? A) Right upper quadrant (RUQ) B) Right lowerquadrant (RLQ) C) Left upper quadrant(LUQ) D) Left lowerquadrant (LLQ) E) Left middlequadrant (LMQ)
31) In the appendicular region, the wrist is called the __________ region, and the ankle is called the __________ region. A) manual; pedal B) brachial; crural C) crural; antebrachial D) carpal; tarsal E) metacarpal; metatarsal
32)
The __________ cavity is inferior to the __________ cavity.
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A) cranial; thoracic B) thoracic; abdominopelvic C) pericardial; pleural D) thoracic; peritoneal E) thoracic; cranial
33)
The __________ wraps around the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. A) pleura B) pericardium C) meninges D) visceral peritoneum E) parietal peritoneum
34)
The vertebral column encloses the __________. A) thoracic cavity B) abdominal cavity C) pelvic cavity D) vertebral canal E) cranial cavity
35)
The brain and the spinal cord are protected by __________. A) a parietal layer B) a visceral layer C) mucous membranes D) serous membranes E) meninges
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36)
The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are lined by __________. A) an endothelium B) the mediastinum C) meninges D) serous membranes E) mucous membranes
37) The thoracic cavity is divided into right, left, and medial portions by a region called the __________. A) mediastinum B) diaphragm C) serous membrane D) meninges E) peritoneum
38)
The __________ cavity contains the lungs, which are enfolded in the __________. A) thoracic; pleurae B) thoracic; pericardium C) thoracic; peritoneum D) abdominopelvic; peritoneum E) abdominopelvic; pleurae
39)
The heart is in the __________ cavity and is covered by the __________.
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A) thoracic; pleura B) thoracic; pericardium C) pericardial; pleura D) pericardial; peritoneum E) cranial; meninges
40)
The abdominopelvic cavity contains a moist serous membrane called the __________. A) peritoneum B) pleura C) pericardium D) mediastinum E) meninges
41)
Which of the following is not an organ system? A) Skeletal B) Endocrine C) Epidermal D) Reproductive E) Lymphatic
42)
Which of the following is not an organ? A) Tooth B) Skin C) Nail D) Liver E) Digestive system
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43)
The __________ is an organ directly associated with both the __________ systems. A) stomach; digestive and reproductive B) pancreas; digestive and endocrine C) small intestine; digestive and integumentary D) testis; male reproductive and urinary E) ovary; female reproductive and lymphatic
44) Which system provides protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production? A) Lymphaticsystem B) Muscularsystem C) Skeletalsystem D) Integumentarysystem E) Excretorysystem
45)
Which system contains the thymus, spleen, and tonsils? A) Endocrinesystem B) Respiratorysystem C) Lymphaticsystem D) Circulatorysystem E) Muscularsystem
46)
Which two systems control and coordinate the 50 trillion cells that make up a human?
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A) Muscular andnervous systems B) Circulatory andlymphatic systems C) Endocrine andnervous systems D) Circulatory andendocrine systems E) Muscular andskeletal systems
47)
Which system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients? A) Digestive system B) Urinary system C) Reproductive system D) Circulatory system E) Lymphatic system
48) Which system regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell formation, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance? A) Urinary system B) Reproductivesystem C) Digestivesystem D) Muscularsystem E) Circulatorysystem
49) When writing his/her notes, a doctor mistakenly misspells the intended word "ileum" as "ilium", stating "examine the ilium further". What is the possible outcome of this mistake?
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A) It's just a spelling error, and it's obvious what the doctor meant. B) The next practitioner may mistakenly examine the intestines when he/she should have been examining the hip. C) The next practitioner may mistakenly examine the hip when he/she should have been examining the intestines. D) The practitioner may mistakenly examine the knee when he/she should have been examining the lungs. E) The practitioner may mistakenly examine the lungs when he/she should have been examining the knee.
50)
The prefix hypo- means __________, whereas hyper- means __________. A) front; back B) right; left C) inside; outside D) clear; dark E) below; above
51)
What does the term "hypercalcemia" mean? A) Elevated calcium levels B) Lowered calcium levels C) Elevated sodium levels D) Elevated potassium levels E) Lowered sodium levels
52) The plural of axilla (armpit) is __________ whereas the plural of appendix is __________.
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A) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) B) lead poisoning C) radiation therapy D) dehydration E) immunosuppressant drugs
35)
The overall cessation of bleeding is specifically called ___________. A) hematopoiesis B) homeostasis C) hemostasis D) platelet plug formation E) coagulation
36) Platelets release ____________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm. A) heparin B) thrombin C) thromboplastin D) prostacyclin E) serotonin
37)
Platelets donot secrete __________.
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A) clotting factors B) thrombopoietin C) growth factors D) vasoconstrictors E) a clot dissolving enzyme called plasmin
38)
When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by __________. A) prothrombin B) thromboplastin C) kallikrein D) plasmin E) platelet-derived growth factor
39)
The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by __________. A) thrombin B) plasmin C) fibrin D) fibrinogen E) albumin
40) Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the ____________ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n) ______________.
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A) thrombus; embolus B) embolism; thrombus C) plaque; thrombus D) thrombosis; plaque E) plaque; embolus
41)
What are the least abundant formed elements? A) Platelets B) Basophils C) Erythrocytes D) Neutrophils E) Eosinophils
42)
What are the most abundant agranulocytes? A) Macrophages B) Eosinophils C) Monocytes D) Lymphocytes E) Neutrophils
43)
Whole blood is more viscous than water due to plasma electrolytes. ⊚ ⊚
true false
44) The most important component of the cytoplasm of red blood cells (RBCs) is hemoglobin. Version 1
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⊚ ⊚
45)
Hemoglobin binds equal percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide. ⊚ ⊚
46)
true false
true false
Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood. ⊚ ⊚
true false
47) A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen B. ⊚ ⊚
true false
48) Incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against the RBCs' antigens. ⊚ ⊚
true false
49) Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh+ woman and an Rh– fetus can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. ⊚ ⊚
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true false
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50) Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory. ⊚ ⊚
51)
Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells. ⊚ ⊚
52)
true false
true false
Circulating white blood cells (WBCs) spend most of their lives in the bloodstream. ⊚ ⊚
true false
53) Leukocytes circulate in the blood for long periods of time, generally from months to years. ⊚ ⊚
54)
true false
Platelet production is called hemostasis. ⊚ ⊚
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true false
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55) You cut your finger with a knife while making dinner. In order to stop the bleeding, coagulation will begin with a vascular spasm and the bleeding will cease with the formation of a platelet plug. ⊚ ⊚
56)
Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia. ⊚ ⊚
57)
true false
true false
After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis. ⊚ ⊚
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true false
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