Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology 5th Edition Chiego Test Bank Chapter 01: Development and Structure of Cells and Tissues Chiego: Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology, 5th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Mitochondria produce which chemical for intracellular energy? a. ADP b. ATP c. RNA d. DNA ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback Mitochondria generate energy through ATP, not ADP, production. Correct. Mitochondria produce energy via ATP. Mitochondria generate energy through ATP, not RNA, production. Mitochondria generate energy through ATP, not DNA, production.
DIF: Recall
REF: pp. 2-3
OBJ: 1
2. Each tissue originates from mesoderm, EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. Bone b. Liver c. Blood d. Muscle ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback Bone tissue develops from mesodermal cells. Correct. Liver tissue is produced by endodermal cells. Blood develops from mesodermal cells. Muscle tissue develops from mesodermal cells.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 6
OBJ: 3
3. Which chemical is called the second messenger? a. aDNA b. mRNA c. dGMP d. cAMP ANS: D
A B C
Feedback cAMP is the second messenger; aDNA is not. cAMP is the second messenger; mRNA is not. cAMP is the second messenger; dGMP is not.
D
Correct. cAMP transmits information to the intracellular organelles when activated by surface receptors on the plasma membrane.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 3
OBJ: 3
4. Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis? a. Ribosomes b. Lysosomes c. Mitochondria d. Plasmalemma ANS: A
A B C D
Feedback Correct. Ribosomes synthesize protein. Lysosomes facilitate the breakdown of intracellular and extracellular substances. Mitochondria generate energy. The plasmalemma provides a protective barrier and regulates the transport of substances to and from the cell.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 2
OBJ: 1
5. Which organelle produces microtubules? a. Nucleus b. Centriole c. Golgi apparatus d. Endoplasmic reticulum ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback Centrioles generate microtubules; the nucleus does not. Correct. Centrioles produce microtubules. Centrioles generate microtubules; the Golgi apparatus does not. Centrioles generate microtubules; the endoplasmic reticulum does not.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 3
OBJ: 1
6. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized as the initial resting stage? a. S phase b. G1 phase c. G2 phase d. Prophase ANS: B
A B C
Feedback The S phase is characterized as the stage in which DNA synthesis is complete. Correct. The G1 phase is the initial resting stage. The G2 phase is characterized by post-DNA duplication.
D
Prophase is characterized by four specific structural changes.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 4
OBJ: 1
7. Posttranslational modifications to proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum are
accomplished by . a. mitochondria b. Golgi apparatus c. messenger RNA d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback The Golgi apparatus is responsible for posttranslational alterations; mitochondria are not. Correct. The Golgi apparatus makes alterations to proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for posttranslational alterations; mRNA is not. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for posttranslational alterations; the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 2
OBJ: 1
8. The provides an ideal environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo. a. ovary b. uterine tube c. myometrium d. endometrium ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback The ovary is the female reproductive organ, in which the ova or eggs are produced. The uterine tube conducts the egg from the ovary to the uterus. The myometrium is the smooth muscle that lines the uterus. Correct. The endometrium provides the ovum with the nourishment necessary for implantation and growth.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 6-9
9. Intercalated disks are present in which type of muscle? a. Cardiac b. Smooth c. Skeletal d. Voluntary ANS: A
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A B C D
Feedback Correct. Cardiac is the only type of muscle tissue with intercalated disks. Intercalated disks are not present in smooth muscle. Intercalated disks are not present in skeletal muscle. Intercalated disks facilitate the involuntary contractions of cardiac muscle.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 15
OBJ: 4
10. Developmental abnormalities are not associated with which number of chromosomes? a. 44 b. 45 c. 46 d. 47 ANS: C
A B C D
Feedback Developmental abnormalities are associated with less than the normal number of chromosomes (46). Developmental abnormalities are associated with less than the normal number of chromosomes (46). Correct. The normal human cell has 46 total chromosomes. Developmental abnormalities are associated with more than the normal number of chromosomes (46).
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 16
OBJ: 4
11. Which best describes diapedesis? a. Programmed cell death and fragmentation b. A protective mechanism in the immunologic defense of the body c. The development of a cartilage disk in the neck of each long bone d. The migration of leukocytes between endothelial cells to the site of infection ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback Apoptosis is cell death and fragmentation into membrane-bound particles. The lymphatic system is an immunologic defense mechanism. The epiphyseal plate is a developmental disk of cartilage. Correct. Diapedesis is a process whereby leukocytes migrate between endothelial cells to the site of infection.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 12
OBJ: 4
12. T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages are produced in the a. spleen b. cerebellum c. lymph nodes d. bone marrow
.
ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback Immune system cells (T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages) are produced in the bone marrow, not the spleen. Immune system cells (T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages) are produced in the bone marrow, not the cerebellum. Immune system cells (T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages) are produced in the bone marrow, not the lymph nodes. Correct. Bone marrow is the site of formation for T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 12
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13. Which represent the first change in shape of the embryo’s body from a flat sheet of cells? a. Formation of the embryonic disk. b. Formation of neural folds. c. Formation of cartilage. d. Migration of myoblasts from the myotome. ANS: B
A
B C D
Feedback The embryonic disk forms from a small inner cell mass within the blastocyst. This occurs prior to the formation of the three primordial layers, long before the embryo acquires a three-dimensional shape. Correct. The neural foTldEsScT anBbAeNsK eeSnEdL urLinEgRth.eCtO hiM rd prenatal week. The lateral edges of the neural plate begin to elevate as folds arise dorsally. Cartilage first appears in the fifth week. Muscle cells have begun migrating from the myotome by the 10th prenatal week.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 10-11
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14. Myotome produces which of the following types of tissue? a. Connective b. Muscle c. Nerve d. Epithelial ANS: B
A B
C
Feedback Connective tissue develops from somites as fibroblasts migrating from either side of the neural tube. Correct. Myoblasts have begun migrating from the myotome by the 10th prenatal week. They gradually differentiate into elongated, multinucleated muscle fibers. Nerve is derived from both the cranial and trunk neural crest. When the anterior neural tube closes, it shows three dilations that form the primary brain vesicles.
D
Skin has an epidermis, a surface cell layer that develops from the surface of ectodermal cells, and a dermis, which arises from the underlying mesoderm.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 15
OBJ: 3
15. Which type of bone formation occurs through a tight matrix of collagen fibers, which slowly
calcify into bone? a. Endochondral b. Intramembranous c. Epiphyseal d. Interstitial growth ANS: B
A
B
C
D
Feedback Bone replaces cartilage during endochondral bone development. A small blood vessel enters the cartilage shaft, the cartilage calcifies and disintegrates in the center, and a marrow space is formed. Correct. Intramembranous bone formation is the direct transformation of connective tissue into bone. It is much simpler for bone cells to organize in this manner and to form spicules of bone through coalescence with neighboring spicules until a bony plate is formed. The epiphyseal plate is a developing cartilage disk that remains in the neck of each long bone and bone forms on either side. It will remain as long as the bone is forming. Cartilage develops and expands by interstitial growth, which is growth within the cartilage matrix byTE eaSchTB caA rtN ilaKgSe E ceLllLeEnR la. rgC inOgMand forming matrix around each cell.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 14
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16. Blood cells arise from cells called a. neuroblasts. b. fibroblasts. c. osteoblasts. d. angioblasts. ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback Neuroblasts are primitive nerve cells that develop into adult neurons. Connective tissue develops from the somites as fibroblasts migrating from either side of the neural tube. Osteoblasts will form bone. Correct. The cardiovascular system originates from cells termed angioblasts, which arise from angiogenic clusters from the visceral mesoderm located in the walls of the yolk sac during the third week. The outer cells organize into a series of elongating tubes and the inner cells become blood cells.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 15
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17. Each of the following is a derivative of ectoderm EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. Tooth enamel b. Tooth dentin c. Epidermis d. Nervous system ANS: B
A B
C D
Feedback Tooth enamel is derived from ectoderm. Correct. Tooth dentin is derived from mesoderm. Muscle and connective tissue derivatives such as: bone, cartilage, blood, pulp, cementum, and the periodontal ligament are also derived from mesoderm. The epidermis, hair, and nails are derived from ectoderm. The nervous system, sensory epithelium of the eye, ear, and nose, and epithelium of the sinuses, oral and nasal cavities, and intraoral glands are all derived from epithelium.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 9
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18. Which hormone is produced by the placenta? a. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) b. Prolactin c. Progesterone d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ANS: C
A B C
D
Feedback Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Prolactin is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Correct. The placenta produces hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, placental growth factor, human placental lactogen, and progesterone and estrogen. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 16
OBJ: 4
TRUE/FALSE 1. The ovum contains twice as many chromosomes as its parent cell. ANS: F OBJ: 1
DIF: Comprehension
2. The cell may contain more than one nucleolus.
REF: p. 4
ANS: T
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 2
OBJ: 1
3. The information in mRNA is translated by ribosomes located on the surface of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum. ANS: T OBJ: 1
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 2
4. Spindles present during mitosis are attached to centromeres. ANS: F OBJ: 1
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 4
5. DNA replication takes place during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. ANS: F OBJ: 1
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 4
6. Fertilization takes place in the distal part of the uterine tube. ANS: T
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 7
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7. Endoderm and ectoderm are the first two germ layers to develop. ANS: T OBJ: 3
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 6 | p. 9
8. Melanocytes are responsibT leEfS orTsB kiA n NpK igS mE enLt.LER.COM ANS: T
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 10
OBJ: 1
9. The embryonic skeleton first forms as bone. ANS: F OBJ: 3
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 12
10. The umbilical system carries oxygenated blood. ANS: T OBJ: 4
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 15
11. The foramen ovale closes during the third week of prenatal life. ANS: F OBJ: 4
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 15
12. Before the development of the vascular system, the vitelline system provides nutrients to the
embryo. ANS: T OBJ: 4
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 15
13. Smooth muscle is consciously controlled. ANS: F OBJ: 4
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 15
14. The cardiovascular system originates from chondroblasts. ANS: F OBJ: 4
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 15
15. Tissues are most susceptible to teratogens during the proliferative period. ANS: F
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 17
OBJ: 4
16. The foramen ovale is an opening between the right and left atria of the heart. ANS: T OBJ: 4
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 15
Chapter 02: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs Chiego: Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology, 5th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Simple squamous epithelium functions as a lining in which location? a. Mouth b. Vagina c. Kidney d. Pharynx ANS: C
A B C D
Feedback The mouth is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. The vagina is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. Correct. The kidney is lined with simple squamous epithelium. The pharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 20
OBJ: 1
2. Which cell supports the nervous system? a. Myoblast b. Neuroglia c. Leukocyte d. Melanocyte ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback Neuroglial cells, not myoblasts, support the nervous system. Correct. Liver tissue is produced by endodermal cells. Neuroglial cells, not leukocytes, support the nervous system. Neuroglial cells, not melanocytes, support the nervous system.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 19
OBJ: 1
3. Connective tissue proper is classified as a. dense, striated, or smooth b. simple, stratified, or squamous c. dense, loose, or loose with special properties d. dense, elastic, or elastic with special properties
.
ANS: C
A B C
Feedback Connective tissue is classified as dense, loose, or loose with special properties. Connective tissue is classified as dense, loose, or loose with special properties. Correct. Connective tissue is loose, dense, or loose with special properties.
D
Connective tissue is classified as dense, loose, or loose with special properties.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 20
OBJ: 1
4. What are the three types of muscle tissue? a. Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth b. Striated, voluntary, and smooth c. Cardiac, skeletal, and voluntary d. Voluntary, involuntary, and striated ANS: A
A B C D
Feedback Correct. There are three types of muscle tissue—cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Muscle tissue is classified as cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Muscle tissue is classified as cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Muscle tissue is classified as cardiac, skeletal, and smooth.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 21
OBJ: 1
5. How does epithelial tissue renew itself? a. Mitosis of the basal cells b. Mitosis of the granular layer of cells c. By shedding or sloughing the surface cells d. Through nourishment of nearby blood vessels ANS: A
A B C D
Feedback Correct. Epithelium regenerates through mitosis of the basal cells. Epithelial cells regenerate through basal cell mitosis. Epithelial cells regenerate through basal cell mitosis. Epithelial cells regenerate through basal cell mitosis.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 18
6. Buccal mucosa renews itself in a. 1 to 2 b. 3 to 4 c. 5 to 9 d. 10 to 14
OBJ: 1
days.
ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days, as opposed to 1 to 2 days. Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days, as opposed to 3 to 4 days. Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days, as opposed to 5 to 9 days. Correct. Buccal mucosa is replenished every 10 to 14 days.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 18
OBJ: 1
7. The junctional epithelium of gingiva is replenished every a. 1 to 3 b. 4 to 6 c. 7 to 9 d. 10 to 13
_ days.
ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback Junctional epithelium renews every 4 to 6 days, rather than 1 to 3 days. Correct. The junctional epithelium of the gingiva is renewed every 4 to 6 days. Junctional epithelium renews every 4 to 6 days, rather than 7 to 9 days. Junctional epithelium renews every 4 to 6 days, rather than 10 to 13 days.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 18
OBJ: 1
8. Which term represents a single layer of cells? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Cuboidal d. Columnar ANS: A
A B C D
Feedback Correct. The term simTpE leSdT esBcrAibNeK sS aE siL ngLleElR ay.eC rO ofMcells. The term stratified describes several layers of cells. The term cuboidal describes a cube-shaped cell. The term columnar describes a column-shaped cell.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 18
OBJ: 2
9. Which epithelium consists of several layers, with only the basal cell layer in contact with the
basal lamina? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Pseudostratified ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback Simple epithelium has only one layer of cells. Correct. Stratified epithelium consists of several layers, but only the basal cell layer is in contact with the basal lamina. Squamous epithelial cells are characterized as flat, scale-shaped cells. Pseudostratified epithelial cells contact the basal lamina, but not the surface.
TESTBANKSELLER.COM DIF: Recall
REF: pp. 18-19
OBJ: 1
10. All body sensations are relayed to the a. brain; spinal cord b. afferent; efferent systems c. voluntary; involuntary muscles d. sympathetic; parasympathetic divisions
and the
.
ANS: A
A B C D
Feedback Correct. Sensations received anywhere in the body are relayed to the brain and the spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord relay all sensations transmitted within the body. The brain and spinal cord relay all sensations transmitted within the body. The brain and spinal cord relay all sensations transmitted within the body.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 29
OBJ: 2
11. Impulses conducted from the periphery of the body (e.g., muscles, glands) to the central
nervous system (CNS) are conducted through which system? a. Motor b. Somatic c. Afferent d. Autonomic ANS: C
A B C D
Feedback Nerve impulses conducted from the periphery to the CNS travel via afferent, not motor, neurons. Nerve impulses conducted from the periphery to the CNS travel via afferent, not somatic, pathways. Correct. The afferent (or sensory) system conducts neural impulses from the periphery to the CNS. Nerve impulses conducted from the periphery to the CNS travels through afferent, not autonomic, pathways.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 29
OBJ: 2
12. Impulses pass from the CNS to involuntary muscles via the a. sensory b. afferent c. somatic d. autonomic
system.
ANS: D A
Feedback Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to
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B C D
the CNS. Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. Somatic pathways relay neural impulses to voluntary muscles. Correct. Autonomic pathways relay neural impulses to involuntary muscles.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 29
OBJ: 3
13. Which body system relies on neural stimuli to function? a. Vascular b. Digestive c. Endocrine d. Respiratory ANS: C
A B C D
Feedback The endocrine, not vascular, system depends on neural stimuli to function. The endocrine, not digestive, system depends on neural stimuli to function. Correct. The endocrine system depends heavily on neural stimuli to function. The endocrine, not respiratory, system depends on neural stimuli to function.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 29
OBJ: 2
14. The absorption of nutrients occurs in which location? a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine, not the mouth. Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine, not the stomach. Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine, not the small intestine. Correct. Nutrient absorption takes place in the large intestine.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 29
OBJ: 2
15. Internal organs (viscera) receive most of their neural impulses from which nervous system? a. Somatic b. Sensory c. Afferent d. Autonomic ANS: D
A
Feedback Somatic pathways relay neural impulses to voluntary muscles.
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Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. Afferent (sensory) nerve processes carry impulses from the peripheral muscles to the CNS. Correct. Internal organs receive most of their neural impulses from the autonomic nervous system.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 28
OBJ: 3
16. Each is part of a neuron EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. Axon b. Plasma c. Dendrite d. Perikaryon ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback The axon conducts the nerve impulse away from the perikaryon. Correct. Plasma, the fluid part of blood, is not a component of the neuron. The dendrite receives nerve impulses. The perikaryon is the cell body of the neuron.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 20-22
OBJ: 2
17. Which of the following insulates axons located outside the CNS? a. Bone b. Endomysium c. Myelin sheath d. Connective tissue ANS: C
A B C D
Feedback A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS; bone does not. A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS; endomysium does not. Correct. A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS. A myelin sheath protects and insulates axons located outside the CNS; connective tissue does not.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 19
18. Neuroglia cells are a. slightly less b. slightly more c. significantly less d. significantly more
OBJ: 2
numerous than neurons.
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A B C D
Feedback Neuroglia cells are significantly more, not slightly less, numerous than neurons. Neuroglia cells are significantly, not slightly, more numerous than neurons. Neuroglia cells are significantly more, not less, numerous than neurons. Correct. Neuroglia cells are 5- to 50-fold more numerous than neurons.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 19
OBJ: 2
19. The spinal cord consists of how many segments? a. 21 b. 22 c. 30 d. 31 ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback The spinal cord consists of 31, not 21, segments. The spinal cord consists of 31, not 22, segments. The spinal cord consists of 31, not 30, segments. Correct. The spinal cord consists of 31 segments.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 19
OBJ: 3
20. Ligaments and tendons areTcE om ST poBsA edNoKfSwEhL icL hE tisRs. ueC?OM a. Neural b. Muscle c. Epithelial d. Connective ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective, not neural, tissue. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective, not muscle, tissue. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective, not epithelial, tissue. Correct. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense connective tissue.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 20
21. Which of the following is not a type of cartilage? a. Dense b. Elastic c. Fibrous d. Hyaline ANS: A
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A B C D
Feedback Correct. There are three types of cartilage—hyaline, elastic, and fibrous. Elastic cartilage can be found in the epiglottis. Fibrous cartilage can be found in the vertebral disks. Hyaline cartilage can be found in the nose.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 20
OBJ: 2
22. Which organ is part of the lymphatic system? a. Thyroid b. Thymus c. Pancreas d. Parathyroid ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback The thyroid is part of the endocrine, not lymphatic, system. Correct. The lymphoid organs include the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. The pancreas is part of the endocrine, not lymphatic, system. The parathyroid is part of the endocrine, not lymphatic, system.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 31
OBJ: 2
23. Which of the following is not a major function of the urinary system? a. Controls blood volume b. Controls blood pressurT e ESTBANKSELLER.COM c. Controls testosterone levels d. Controls urine composition ANS: C
A B C D
Feedback Blood volume control is a major function of the urinary system. Blood pressure control is a major function of the urinary system. Correct. Testosterone levels are controlled by the reproductive system, not the urinary system. Urine composition is a major function of the urinary system.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 33
OBJ: 3
24. Which function is associated with the skin? a. Excretes waste products b. Absorbs nutrients from ingested food c. Supplies a framework for muscle and ligament attachments d. Relays information from the glands to the central nervous system ANS: A
Feedback
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Correct. A major function of the skin is excretion of waste products (e.g., carbon dioxide, water, salts, urea). Absorption of nutrients is a function of the digestive system. The skeletal system supplies the framework for muscle and ligament attachments. The nervous system relays information from the glands to the central nervous system.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 28
OBJ: 3
25. Which organ system is the largest? a. Digestive b. Endocrine c. Respiratory d. Integumentary ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback The integumentary (skin) system is larger than the digestive system. The integumentary (skin) system is larger than the endocrine system. The integumentary (skin) system is larger than the respiratory system. Correct. The integumentary (skin) system is the largest organ system in the human body.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 28
OBJ: 3
26. Each of the following is a function of the large intestine EXCEPT one. Which is the
EXCEPTION? a. Absorption of nutrition b. Dehydration of food c. Reduce food to liquid chyme d. Compress food into solid waste ANS: C
A B C D
Feedback The large intestine functions in the absorption of nutrition. Dehydration of food occurs in the large intestine. Correct. Food is reduced to liquid chyme in the stomach. Food is compressed into solid waste in the large intestine.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 29
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27. Which type of tissue lines the respiratory tract to move foreign particles out of the respiratory
system? a. Dendrites b. Neuroglia c. Cilia d. Sebaceous glands
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ANS: C
A B C D
Feedback Dendrites are a component of the neuron that receive impulses and conduct these impulses toward the cell body. Neuroglial cells protect and support nerve cells. Correct. Cilia move particulate substances to the pharynx and out of the respiratory system. Sebaceous glands are located in skin.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 29
OBJ: 2
28. Blood returns to the heart through a. capillaries. b. veins. c. large elastic arteries. d. smaller muscular arteries. ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback Capillaries are thin tubes formed by a single layer of highly permeable endothelial cells. They are exchange vessels for oxygen and carbon dioxide. Correct. Veins carry blood from the capillaries back to the heart. The pressure of the venous system is low and the walls of veins are thin. Large elastic arteries T caErrS yTbB loA odNfKroSm thL eE heRa. rtCuO ndMer high pressure. The EL elasticity is to even out the pressure of the blood being pumped by heart. Smaller muscular arteries carry blood from the heart.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 29-30
OBJ: 2
29. Blood is an example of which of the following four primary types of tissue? a. Neural b. Epithelial c. Connective d. Muscle ANS: C
A
B
C
Feedback Neural tissue consists of central nervous system, which comprises brain and spinal cord, and the nerves and their ganglia, which comprises peripheral nervous system. Simple squamous epithelium lines the blood vascular and respiratory systems, kidney, most glands, and intestine. Stratified squamous epithelium covers the body and is the lining of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, vagina, anus, and part of the urinary bladder. Correct. Blood and lymph are types of connective tissue that function to carry oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and to carry carbon dioxide to the lungs,
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D
where it is eliminated. The three types of muscle—striated, smooth, and cardiac—are differentiated according to the shape of the cells, matrix, and their functions in the body.
DIF: Comprehension 30.
REF: p. 18
OBJ: 1
Which is true regarding the central nervous system (CNS)? a. The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. b. The CNS is composed of the brain, but not the spinal cord. c. The efferent system carries information from the peripheral nervous system to the CNS. d. The somatic nervous system carries impulse from the CNS to involuntary muscles. ANS: A
A
B C D
Feedback Correct. The CNS is the control center of the nervous system and comprises brain and spinal cord. The brain is located in the cranium and is connected to the peripheral tissues by cranial nerves and to the spinal cord by spinal nerves. The CNS is composed of the brain AND the spinal cord. The afferent system carries information from the peripheral nervous system to the CNS. The efferent autonomic nervous system carries impulses from the CNS to involuntary muscles.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: pp. 27-28
OBJ: 2
31. Which layer of epithelium is the deepest, germinating layer? a. Spinous layer b. Basal layer c. Granular layer d. Clear layer ANS: B
A B C D
Feedback The spinous layer is called stratum spinosum. It is seen as the basal cells dry out and migrates peripherally. Correct. The basal layer is the deepest, germinating layer. The granular layer contains cells with keratohyalin granules. The clear layer is called stratum lucidum.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 26
OBJ: 2
32. Which organ system secretes and regulates hormones in the blood? a. Exocrine b. Endocrine c. Lymphatic system d. Neural system
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A B
C
D
Feedback The exocrine system consists of sweat glands. Correct. A basic function of endocrine glands is to secrete hormones into the vascular circulation. Hormones help regulate metabolism energy balance and aid in regulation of involuntary smooth and cardiac muscle fibers. The lymphoid organs are part of the immune system. A characteristic of the immune system is the ability to recognize and react specifically to macromolecules that are foreign to the body. The neural system transmits nerve impulses throughout the body.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 31
OBJ: 3
REF: p. 20
OBJ: 2
REF: p. 20
OBJ: 2
TRUE/FALSE 1. Blood provides protection from bacteria. ANS: T
DIF: Recall
2. Bone is calcified connective tissue. ANS: T
DIF: Recall
3. Osteoporosis affects men at an earlier age than women. ANS: F OBJ: 2
DIF:
TCEom SpTrB ehA enNsK ioS n ELLER.COM
REF: p. 24
4. Equilibrium is controlled by tiny organs, which are located in the middle ear. ANS: F OBJ: 3
DIF: Comprehension
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REF: p. 34
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Chapter 03: Development of the Oral Facial Region Chiego: Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology, 5th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which defines the term synchondrosis? a. The rod-shaped cartilage of the hyoid arch. b. The center of all growth and function in the mandible. c. A band of connective tissue containing osteogenic cells. d. A union of two bones that have been separated by cartilage. ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback Reichert’s cartilage is the rod-shaped cartilage of the hyoid or second arch. The body of the mandible is the mandibular center for growth and function. Syndesmosis is a band of connective tissue containing osteogenic cells. Correct. Synchondrosis is an articulation in which new cartilage is formed in the center of the suture, whereas peripheral cartilage is transformed into bone.
DIF: Comprehension
REF: p. 45
OBJ: 2
2. Which type of bone protects the brain? a. Short b. Dermal c. Sesamoid d. Membrane ANS: D
A B C D
Feedback Membrane (or flat) bones form a protective covering for the brain; short bones do not. Membrane (or flat) bones form a protective covering for the brain; dermal bones do not. Membrane (or flat) bones form a protective covering for the brain; sesamoid bones do not. Correct. Membrane (or flat) bones form a protective covering for the brain.
DIF: Recall
REF: p. 42
OBJ: 2
3. In the first 20 weeks, the prenatal mandible articulates with which bone(s)? a. Incus b. Malleus c. Stapes d. Both A and B ANS: D
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