Exam Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Is the following variable at the interval or the ratio level of measurement?
The price of a loaf of bread A) Interval
1)
B) Ratio
2) In an experiment, subjects are put into two categories according to sex, and then each
2)
subject is randomly assigned a treatment . This is an example of... A) observational studies B) gender bias C) confounding D) randomized blocking 3) Determine which of the following describes qualitative data.
i). the volume of a shipping container, in gallons ii). the name of the material from which the container is made iii). the shape of the container A) i, ii, and iii B) i and iii only C) ii and iii only
3)
D) i and ii only
4) A college basketball team held a promotion at one of its games in which every twentieth
4)
person who entered the arena won a free basketball. What kind of sample do the winners represent? A) Systematic B) Voluntary response C) Stratified 5) Which one of the following data are discrete?
5)
A) the average preseason ranking of the University of Connecticut's women's
basketball team over the past 10 years B) the height of the tallest player on Duke University's men's basketball team C) the pre-season ranking of Duke University's men's basketball team D) the average height of players on the University of Connecticut's women's basketball team 6) In a ________ experiment, subjects do not decide for themselves which treatment they
will get. A) double-blind
B) observational
C) randomized
D) prospective
7) You ask your friends who they plan to vote for in the next congressional election. Based
on their responses, you conclude that the candidate you favor cannot lose! This is most likely an example of ... A) voluntary response bias C) sampling bias
B) self-interest bias D) randomized sampling
1
6)
7)
8) A study in which the assignment to treatment groups is not made by the investigator is
called ________. A) double-blind
B) prospective
C) randomized
8)
D) observational
9) Determine which of the following describes qualitative data.
9)
i). the make of the car with license plate number VNS-862 ii). the license plate number VNS-862 iii). the number of vehicles whose license plate number begins with "VNS" A) i and ii only B) iii only C) neither i, nor ii, nor iii D) i only 10) Which one of the following data are discrete?
10)
A) the number of crew members on the boat B) the latitude and longitude of a boat at sea C) the speed of the boat's propeller, in revolutions per minute D) the latitude and longitude of the boat's port of departure 11) Determine which of the following describes ordinal data.
11)
i. In the horse race, Betty's Girl won, Mr. Ed placed, and Wabash showed. ii. In the horse race, I bet on Betty's Girl to win, Mr. Ed to place, and Wabash to show. A) ii only B) neither i nor ii C) both i and ii D) i only 12) Determine which of the following describes quantitative data.
i). the name of a chemical sample ii). the mass of a chemical sample iii). the color of a chemical sample A) i and ii only B) i, ii, and iii
C) i only
12)
D) ii only
13) A medical researcher wants to determine whether exercising can lower blood pressure.
13)
At a health fair, he measures the blood pressure of 100 individuals and interviews them about their exercise habits. He divides the individuals into two categories: those whose typical level of exercise is low, and those whose level of exercise is high. Is this a randomized experiment or an observational study? A) Randomized experiment B) Observational study 14) Is the following variable at the interval or the ratio level of measurement?
The weight in pounds of a sack of potatoes A) Interval
14)
B) Ratio
15) Is the following variable at the interval or the ratio level of measurement?
The year of your birth A) Interval
B) Ratio
2
15)
16) A middle school student passes out leaflets to the adults at a school function. The leaflets
16)
ask the recipient to indicate whether they believe in anthropogenic global warming. The bottom of the leaflet indicates that the completed leaflet should be returned to the student. Identify the kind of sample that is being used. A) stratified sample B) sample of convenience C) systematic sample D) cluster sample 17) Determine which of the following describes ordinal data.
i. My best friends are Georgia, Amithaba, and Raphael. ii. My favorite numbers are 2, 7 and 13. A) neither i nor ii B) ii only C) both i and ii
17)
D) i only
18) Determine which of the following describes nominal data.
18)
i. Michaelangelo's sells small, medium, large, and jumbo pizzas. ii. Michaelangelo's most-requested toppings are pepperoni, black olives, and mushrooms. A) both i and ii B) i only C) ii only D) neither i nor ii 19) People are reluctant to admit to behavior that may reflect negatively on them. This can
lead to ... A) social acceptability bias C) sampling bias
19)
B) hurt feelings D) voluntary response bias
20) A pollster randomly samples 145 Democrats, 154 Republicans and 19 Independents (all
20)
registered voters) in Metro City and asks each poll participant which mayoral candidate he or she prefers. Identify the kind of sample that the pollster is using. A) sample of convenience B) voluntary response sample C) stratified sample D) cluster sample 21) A public health researcher is designing a study of the effect of diet on heart disease. The
21)
researcher knows that the diets of men and women tend to differ and that men are more susceptible to heart disease. To be sure that both men and women are well represented, the study comprises a simple random sample of 100 men and another simple random sample of 100 women. What kind of sample do these 200 people represent? A) Stratified B) Voluntary response C) Cluster D) Systematic 22) Choose the answer below that best completes the following statement.
A _____________ is a number that describes a sample. A) population B) statistic C) measurement
3
22)
D) parameter
23) Determine which of the following describes quantitative data.
i). the length of an object in feet ii). the speed of an object in meters per second iii). the number of objects that are blue A) i only B) iii only C) i and ii only
23)
D) i, ii, and iii
24) A radio talk show host invites listeners to send an email to express their opinions on an
24)
upcoming election. More than 10,000 emails are received. What kind of sample is this? A) Stratified B) Voluntary response C) Systematic D) Cluster 25) Which of the following is the best description of a double-blind experiment?
25)
A) an experiment in which neither the investigators nor the subjects know how the
treatments have been assigned B) an experiment in which both the investigators and the subjects are hidden from the others' views C) an experiment in which the subjects are blindfolded so they cannot see which treatment is applied to them D) an experiment in which neither the investigators nor the subjects know the others' names 26) A pollster asks a group of six voters about their political affiliation (Republican,
26)
Democrat, or Independent), their age, and whether they voted in the last election. The results are shown in the following table.
Voter 1 2 3 4 5 6
Political Affilation Republican Democrat Democrat Independent Republican Independent
Voted in Last Election? Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
Age 34 56 21 28 61 46
What are the data for individual #3? A) Political affiliation, age, voted in last election B) Democrat, 21 C) Political affiliation D) Democrat, 21, no 27) When rolling two six-sided dice, your total roll ranges from 2 (double ones) to 12
(double sixes).Characterize the nature of the roll total. A) qualitative and discrete B) qualitative and continuous C) quantitative and continuous D) quantitative and discrete 4
27)
28) To study the effect of air pollution on respiratory health, a group of people in a city with
28)
high levels of air pollution and another group in a rural area with low levels of pollution are examined to determine their lung capacity. Is this a randomized experiment or an observational study? A) randomized experiment B) observational study 29) An electronics manufacturer test every 50th cell phone to verify that it is functioning
29)
properly. Identify the kind of sample that is being used. A) cluster sample B) stratified sample C) systematic sample D) simple random sample 30) Is the following variable at the interval or the ratio level of measurement?
The year you started school A) Interval
30)
B) Ratio
31) In a randomized experiment, if there are large differences in outcomes among the
31)
treatment groups, we can conclude that the differences are due to _____________________. A) the treatments B) random luck C) deliberate data manipulation D) experimental error 32) A medical researcher wants to determine whether exercising can lower blood pressure.
32)
She recruits 100 people with high blood pressure to participate in the study. She assigns a random sample of 50 of them to pursue an exercise program that includes daily swimming and jogging. She assigns the other 50 to refrain from vigorous activity. She measures the blood pressure of each of the 100 individuals both before and after the study. Is this a randomized experiment or an observational study? A) Randomized experiment B) Observational study 33) In a study conducted at the University of Colorado, J. Ruttenber and colleagues studied
33)
people who had worked at the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons production facility near Denver, Colorado. They studied a group of workers who had contracted lung cancer and another group who had not contracted lung cancer. They looked back at plant records to determine the amount of radiation exposure for each worker. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the people with lung cancer had been exposed to higher levels of radiation than those who had not gotten lung cancer. Was this a cohort study or a case-control study? A) Cohort study B) Case-control study 34) Is the following variable at the interval or the ratio level of measurement?
Your age in years A) Interval
B) Ratio
5
34)
35) A ________ is a variable related to both the treatment and the outcome. A) dependent
B) perplexer
C) cohort
35) D) confounder
36) Which one of the following data are continuous?
36)
A) all of these represent continuous data B) the number of musicians performing in the MP3 file C) the number of times the file has been downloaded D) the time remaining for an MP3 music download 37) In a recent study, Z. Zhao and colleagues measured the levels of formaldehyde in the air
37)
in 34 classrooms in the schools in the city of Taiyuan, China. On the same day, they gave questionnaires to 1993 students aged 11–15 in those schools, asking them whether they had experienced respiratory problems (such as asthma attacks, wheezing, or shortness of breath). They found that the students in the classrooms with higher levels of formaldehyde reported more respiratory problems. Was the study prospective, cross-sectional, or retrospective? A) Cross-sectional B) Prospective C) Retrospective 38) Which one of the following data are continuous?
38)
A) the number of representatives of each species in the park B) the rankings of the trees, from most numerous to least numerous C) the average height of a sample of trees D) the number of species of trees in a park 39) Which of the following is the best description of a randomized experiment?
39)
A) an experiment in which the investigators are chosen at random B) an experiment in which the outcomes are random C) an experiment in which the treatments are assigned randomly to experimental units D) an experiment in which the experimental units are selected at random 40) In a study conducted at the University of Colorado, J. Ruttenber and colleagues studied
people who had worked at the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons production facility near Denver, Colorado. They studied a group of workers who had contracted lung cancer and another group who had not contracted lung cancer. They looked back at plant records to determine the amount of radiation exposure for each worker. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the people with lung cancer had been exposed to higher levels of radiation than those who had not gotten lung cancer. Was the study prospective, cross-sectional, or retrospective? A) Retrospective B) Prospective C) Cross-sectional
6
40)
41) Every 10 years, the U.S. Census Bureau attempts to count every person living in the
41)
United States. To check the accuracy of their count in a certain city, they draw a sample of census districts (roughly equivalent to a city block) and recount everyone in the sampled districts. What kind of sample is formed by the people who are recounted? A) Voluntary response B) Stratified C) Systematic D) Cluster 42) A recent study compared the heart rates of 19 infants born to nonsmoking mothers with
42)
those of 17 infants born to mothers who smoked an average of 15 cigarettes a day while pregnant and after giving birth. The heart rates of the infants at one year of age were 20% slower on the average for the smoking mothers. Was this a cohort study or a case-control study? A) Cohort study B) Case-control study 43) A pollster asks a group of six voters about their political affiliation (Republican,
43)
Democrat, or Independent), their age, and whether they voted in the last election. The results are shown in the following table.
Voter 1 2 3 4 5 6
Political Affilation Republican Democrat Democrat Independent Republican Independent
Voted in Last Election? Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
Age 34 56 21 28 61 46
Identify the variables. A) voted in last election B) Political affiliation C) Political affiliation, age, voted in last election D) age 44) A pollster wants to estimate the proportion of voters in a certain town who are
44)
Democrats. He goes to a large shopping mall and approaches people to ask whether they are Democrats. Is this a simple random sample? A) yes B) no 45) Is the following variable at the interval or the ratio level of measurement?
The sales price of a car A) Interval
B) Ratio
7
45)
46) In a study conducted at the University of Southern California, J. Peters and colleagues
46)
studied elementary school students in 12 California communities. Each year for 10 years, they measured the respiratory function of the children and the levels of air pollution in the communities. Was this a cohort study or a case-control study? A) Cohort study B) Case-control study 47) By visiting homes door-to-door, a municipality surveys all the households in 149
47)
randomly-selected neighborhoods to see how residents feel about a proposed property tax increase. Identify the type of sample that is being used. A) systematic sample B) cluster sample C) voluntary response sample D) stratified sample 48) Choose the answer below that best completes the following statement.
A ________ is a number that describes a population. A) summary B) statistic C) parameter
48)
D) sample
49) Determine which of the following describes nominal data.
49)
i. My favorite days of the week are Friday, Saturday, and Tuesday. ii. My favorite day of the week is Friday, my second-favorite is Saturday, and third-favorite is Tuesday. A) both i and ii B) neither i nor ii C) ii only D) i only 50) A recent study compared the heart rates of 19 infants born to nonsmoking mothers with
50)
those of 17 infants born to mothers who smoked an average of 15 cigarettes a day while pregnant and after giving birth. The heart rates of the infants at one year of age were 20% slower on the average for the smoking mothers. Was the study prospective, cross-sectional, or retrospective? A) Retrospective B) Cross-sectional C) Prospective 51) In a study conducted at the University of Southern California, J. Peters and colleagues
51)
studied elementary school students in 12 California communities. Each year for 10 years, they measured the respiratory function of the children and the levels of air pollution in the communities. Was the study prospective, cross-sectional, or retrospective? A) Retrospective B) Cross-sectional C) Prospective 52) A television newscaster invites viewers to tweet their opinions on a proposed bill on
immigration policy. More than 50,000 people express their opinions in this way. A) Systematic B) Voluntary response C) Stratified D) Cluster
8
52)
53) A telephone company wants to estimate the proportion of customers who are satisfied
53)
with their service. They use a computer to generate a list of random phone numbers and call those people to ask them whether they are satisfied. Is this a simple random sample? A) yes B) no 54) Is the following variable at the interval or the ratio level of measurement?
The time that your first class starts A) Interval
54)
B) Ratio
55) The names of all 126 students in a professor's class are written on identical slips of
55)
paper, and the slips are placed into a large glass jar. Then, the professor selects 14 random slips from the jar. Identify the kind of sample that is being used. A) simple random sample B) sample of convenience C) cluster sample D) systematic sample 56) Is the following variable at the interval or the ratio level of measurement?
56)
The score on an SAT exam (range is 200 to 800 points) A) Interval B) Ratio 57) In a recent study, Z. Zhao and colleagues measured the levels of formaldehyde in the air
57)
in 34 classrooms in the schools in the city of Taiyuan, China. On the same day, they gave questionnaires to 1993 students aged 11–15 in those schools, asking them whether they had experienced respiratory problems (such as asthma attacks, wheezing, or shortness of breath). They found that the students in the classrooms with higher levels of formaldehyde reported more respiratory problems. Was this a cohort study or a case-control study? A) Cohort study B) Case-control study 58) The question...
58)
"Do you favor a higher standard of living, even though it produces unclean air and water?" ... is an example of ... A) framing B) leading question bias C) sampling bias D) random sampling 59) Which of the following sample types should you always regard as unreliable? A) voluntary response samples
B) stratified samples
C) cluster samples
D) simple random samples
60) An app produces a message requesting customers to click on a link to rate the app. A) Voluntary response
B) Cluster
C) Systematic
9
59)
60)
61) In a small town, 84% of the residents, aged 16 or more years old, own a car. Is this an
example of statistic or a parameter? A) Statistic
61)
B) Parameter
62) A radio talk show invites people to call in and state whether or not they think that sexual
62)
harassment in the work place is a common problem. A) Voluntary response B) Self-interest C) Sampling D) Social acceptability 63) In a recent poll, 64% of the respondents supported stricter gun laws. Is this an example
of statistic or a parameter? A) Statistic
B) Parameter
64) When experimental units are people, they are sometimes called ________________. A) personnel
63)
B) human units
C) subjects
64)
D) topics
65) A small brew pub sent out questionnaires to a simple random sample of 250 customers
65)
asking whether they would like the brewery to include an imperial stout in their regular offerings. Of the 250 questionnaires, 12 were returned and 10 of those were in favor of including the stout. Specify the type of bias involved. A) Sampling B) Nonresponse C) Voluntary response D) Self-interest 66) A(n) _______________ makes it difficult to determine whether an experimental
outcome is due to the applied treatment. A) confounder C) uncooperative subject
B) perplexer D) error
67) Of the televisions offered at an electronics store, 42% cost less than $500.00. Is this an
example of statistic or a parameter? A) Statistic
67)
B) Parameter
68) The characteristics of individuals about which we collect information are called
________. A) clusters
66)
B) variables
C) samples
69) A ________ is a type of sample that is analogous to a lottery. A) sample of convenience
B) population
C) simple random sample
D) cluster
10
68)
D) data 69)
70) A pollster asks a group of six voters about their political affiliation (Republican,
70)
Democrat, or Independent), their age, and whether they voted in the last election. The results are shown in the following table.
Voter 1 2 3 4 5 6
Political Affilation Republican Democrat Democrat Independent Republican Independent
Age 34 56 21 28 61 46
Voted in Last Election? Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
How many individuals are there? A) 74 B) 6
C) 21
D) 246
71) In a survey of 1000 teenagers, 23% of them said they use tobacco products. Is this an
example of statistic or a parameter? A) Statistic
B) Parameter
72) The values of variables are called ________. A) data
71)
72)
B) variables
C) clusters
D) samples
73) An experiment that tends to overestimate or underestimate the true value is said to be
______________. A) biased C) un-randomized
73)
B) randomized D) flagrant
74) A sign in a grocery store claims that 92% of their customers believe them to have the
74)
freshest produce in the city. Specify the type of bias involved. A) Voluntary response B) Social acceptability C) Self-interest D) Leading question 75) In an experiment, the ______________ is what is measured on each experimental unit. A) subject
B) treatment
C) outcome
75)
D) category
76) A ________ is a subset of a population.
76)
A) sample
B) sample of convenience
C) cluster
D) simple random sample
77) The entire collection of individuals about which information is sought is called a
________. A) population C) cluster
B) simple random sample D) sample 11
77)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 78) Determine whether the statement is true or false.
78)
In a cross-sectional study, measurements are made at only one point in time. 79) Determine whether the statement is true or false.
79)
A sample of convenience is never acceptable. 80) Determine whether the statement is true or false.
80)
In a case-control study, the outcome has occurred before the subjects are sampled. 81) Determine whether the statement is true or false.
Observational studies are generally more reliable than randomized experiments.
12
81)
Answer Key Testname: C1
1) B 2) D 3) C 4) A 5) C 6) C 7) C 8) D 9) A 10) A 11) C 12) D 13) B 14) B 15) A 16) B 17) A 18) C 19) A 20) C 21) A 22) B 23) D 24) B 25) A 26) D 27) D 28) B 29) C 30) A 31) A 32) A 33) B 34) B 35) D 36) D 37) A 38) C 39) C 40) A 41) D 42) A 43) C 44) B 45) B 46) A 47) B 48) C 49) D 50) C 13
Answer Key Testname: C1
51) A 52) B 53) A 54) A 55) A 56) A 57) A 58) B 59) A 60) A 61) B 62) A 63) A 64) C 65) B 66) A 67) B 68) B 69) C 70) B 71) A 72) A 73) A 74) C 75) C 76) A 77) A 78) TRUE 79) FALSE 80) TRUE 81) FALSE
14
Exam Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Classify the following histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right,
1)
apporximately bell-shaped, or approximately uniformly distributed.
A) Skewed left
B) Approximately uniform
C) Bell-shaped
D) Skewed right
2) The following time-series plot presents the percentage of high school seniors who
smoked cigarettes every two years form 1994 through 2018.
In what year was the percentage the lowest? A) 2018 B) 2006
C) 2010
1
D) 1994
2)
3) The Nielsen Company estimated the numbers of people in various gender and age
3)
categories who used a video game console. The results are presented in the following frequency distribution. Frequency (in millions) 13.0 10.1 9.6 6.2 16.1 11.6 10.4 9.3 3.5 3.9
Gender and Age Group Males 2-11 Females 2-11 Males 12-17 Females 12-17 Males 18-34 Females 18-34 Males 35-49 Females 35-49 Males 50+ Females 50+
i. More than half of video gamer are male. ii. More than 40% of video gamers are female. iii. The proportion of video games that are 35 and over is 0.289. Which statement(s) are true? A) i C) ii
B) ii and iii D) All statements are true.
4) A sample of 200 high school students were asked how many hours per week they spend
watching television. The following frequency distribution presents the results.
Construct a relative frequency polygon for the frequency distribution.
2
4)
A)
B)
C)
D)
3
5) Classify the following histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right,
5)
apporximately bell-shaped, or approximately uniformly distributed.
A) Skewed left
B) Approximately uniform
C) Skewed right
D) Bell-shaped
6) The following time-series plot and bar graph both present the sales of digital music for
the years 2013-2018. Which of the graphs presents the more accurate picture?
A) bar graph
B) time-series plot
4
6)
7) Classify the following histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right,
7)
apporximately bell-shaped, or approximately uniformly distributed.
A) Bell-shaped
B) Skewed right
C) Skewed left
D) Approximately uniform
8) The following pie chart presents the percentages of fish caught in each of four ratings
categories. Match this pie chart with its corresponding bar graph.
A)
5
8)
B)
C)
D)
6
9) The following time-series plot presents the percentage of high school seniors who
9)
smoked cigarettes every two years form 1994 through 2018.
During what period of time was the percentage increasing? A) 1994-1998 B) 1994-2004 C) 2006-2012
D) 2002-2006
10) Classify the histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, bell-shaped, or
approximately uniform.
A) Bell-shaped
B) Approximately uniform
C) Skewed left
D) Skewed right
7
10)
11) The gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States is the total value of all goods and
11)
services produced in the country. In 2000, the GDP was $10.0 trillion. In 2019, the GDP was $21.0 trillion, slightly more than twice as much. Which of the following graphs compares these totals more accurately? (Source: St. Louis Federal Reserve) A)
B)
12) Classify the following histogram as unimodal or bimodal.
A) Unimodal
B) Bimodal
8
12)
13) List the data in the following stem-and-leaf plot. The leaf represents the tenths digit.
13)
14 4 6 8 9 15 1 2 2 4 5 7 7 8 16 0 1 1 1 2 3 7 7 9 17 18 2 3 8 A) 14.4, 14.6, 14.8, 14.9, 15.1, 15.2, 15.4, 15.5, 15.7, 15.8, 16.0, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.7, 16.9, 18.2, 18.3, 18.8 B) 144, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 167, 169, 182, 183, 188 C) 144, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 152, 154, 155, 157, 157, 158, 160, 161, 161, 161, 162, 163, 167, 167, 169, 182, 183, 188 D) 14.4, 14.6, 14.8, 14.9, 15.1, 15.2, 15.2, 15.4, 15.5, 15.7, 15.7, 15.8, 16.0, 16.1, 16.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.7, 16.7, 16.9, 18.2, 18.3, 18.8 14) A sample of 200 high school students were asked how many hours per week they spend
watching television. The following frequency distribution presents the results.
Construct a relative frequency ogive for the frequency distribution. A)
9
14)
B)
C)
D)
10
15) The following time-series plot presents the average price of houses sold in the United
15)
States during the first quarter of each of the years 2004-2019.
Estimate the average house price in 2005. A) $320,000 B) $270,000
C) $310,000
D) $300,000
16) A sample of 200 high school students were asked how many hours per week they spend
watching television. The following frequency distribution presents the results.
Construct a frequency ogive for the frequency distribution. A)
11
16)
B)
C)
D)
12
17) The number of cable television subscribers has been declining in recent years. Following
are two bar graphs that illustrate the decline. (Source: Business Insider)
Choose one of the following options, and explain shy it is correct: (i) Graph A presents and accurate picture, and graph B exaggerates the decline. (ii) Graph B presents an accurate picture, and graph A understates the decline. A) (ii) B) (i)
13
17)
18) The following time-series plot presents the percentage of high school seniors who
18)
smoked cigarettes every two years form 1994 through 2018.
What was the first year that the percentage was below 15%? A) 2018 B) 2008 C) 2006
D) 2010
19) The following pie chart presents the percentages of fish caught in each of four ratings
categories. Match this pie chart with its corresponding Pareto chart.
A)
14
19)
B)
C)
D)
15
20) The following bar graph presents the average amount a U.S. family spent, in dollars, on
20)
various food categories in a recent year.
On which food category was the most money spent? A) Fruit and vegetables B) Cereals and bakery products C) Dairy products D) Meat, poultry, fish, and eggs 21) Classify the histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, bell-shaped, or
approximately uniform.
A) Bell-shaped
B) Approximately uniform
C) Skewed left
D) Skewed right
16
21)
22) Classify the histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, bell-shaped, or
approximately uniform.
A) Bell-shaped
B) Skewed left
C) Approximately uniform
D) Skewed right
17
22)
23) The Dow Jones Industrial Average reached its lowest point in recent history on October
9, 2008, when it closed at $8,579. Ten years later, on October 9, 2018, the average had risen to $26,486.78. Which of the following graphs accurately represents the magnitude of the increase? A)
B)
18
23)
24) The following time-series plot presents the average price of houses sold in the United
24)
States during the first quarter of each of the years 2004-2019.
Was the average price in 2006 greater than, less than, or about the same as the average price in 2013? A) Less than B) Greater than C) About the same 25) Classify the following histogram as unimodal or bimodal.
A) Bimodal
B) Unimodal
19
25)
26) Following is a frequency distribution that presents the number of live births to women
26)
aged 15-44 in the state of Wyoming in a recent year. Distribution of Births by Age of Mother Age Frequency 15-19 795 20-24 2410 25-29 2190 30-34 1208 35-39 499 40-44 109 What is the class width? A) 4 B) 25
C) 5
D) 24
27) Following is a frequency distribution that presents the number of live births to women
aged 15-44 in the state of Wyoming in a recent year. Distribution of Births by Age of Mother Age Frequency 15-19 795 20-24 2410 25-29 2190 30-34 1208 35-39 499 40-44 109 List the lower class limits. A) 20, 25, 30, 26, 40, 45 C) 19, 24, 29, 34, 39, 44
B) 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41 D) 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40
20
27)
28) Classify the histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, bell-shaped, or
28)
approximately uniform.
A) Skewed right
B) Approximately uniform
C) Skewed left
D) Bell-shaped
29) In a stem-and-leaf plot, the rightmost digit of each data value is the A) plot
B) leaf
C) stem
.
29)
D) count
30) Classify the following histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right,
30)
apporximately bell-shaped, or approximately uniformly distributed.
A) Skewed left
B) Bell-shaped
C) Skewed right
D) Approximately uniform
31) In a back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot, each of the two data sets plotted must have the
same A) stems
. B) leaves
C) median
21
D) data values
31)
32) Following is a pie chart that presents the percentages of video games sold in each of four
32)
rating categories.
In which rating category are the most games sold? A) Everyone 10+ B) Everyone C) Teen
D) Mature
33) The following time-series plot presents the percentage of high school seniors who
smoked cigarettes every two years form 1994 through 2018.
During what period of time was the percentage decreasing? A) 1998-2006 B) 2006-2018 C) 1998-2018
22
D) 1994-2002
33)
34) The following time-series plot presents the average price of houses sold in the United
34)
States during the first quarter of each of the years 2004-2019.
In 2008, an economic downturn known as the Great Recession occurred. What was the effect on the average house price? A) It stayed the same. B) It decreased. C) It increased. 35) Of the 100 members of the United States Senate recently, 75 were men and 25 were
women. The following three-dimensional bar graph attempts to present this information.
Is this graph misleading or not misleading? A) not misleading
B) misleading
23
35)
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 36) Chocolate or vanilla: The following bar graph shows the number of chocolate
36)
and vanilla ice cream cones sold during the annual county fair for the years 2013 - 2017. Does the graph present an accurate picture of the difference between chocolate and vanilla cones sold? Or is it misleading? Explain.
37) Toy sales: The following graph presents the percent market share for the US Toy
37)
Retail Sales between brick and mortar toy sales and online sales for the years 2011-2015. Does the graph present an accurate picture of the differences in revenue from these two sources? Or is it misleading? Explain.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 38) Thirty households were surveyed for the number of televisions in each home. Following
are the results.
Construct a relative frequency histogram.
24
38)
A)
B)
C)
D)
25
39) Construct a dotplot for the following data.
39)
A)
B)
C)
D)
40) The following frequency distribution presents the frequency of passenger vehicles that
pass through a certain intersection from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM on a particular day. Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Frequency 10 73 84 32
Construct a relative frequency distribution for the data.
26
40)
A)
Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Relative Frequency 0.1 0.73 0.84 0.32
Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Relative Frequency 0.05% 0.367% 0.422% 0.161%
Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Relative Frequency 0.119 0.869 1 0.381
Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Relative Frequency 0.05 0.367 0.422 0.161
B)
C)
D)
41) The following table presents the purchase totals (in dollars) of a random sample of
gasoline purchases at a convenience store. Construct a relative frequency distribution using a class width of 10, and using 0 as the lower class limit for the first class.
27
41)
A)
B)
C)
28
D)
42) A sample of 200 high school students were asked how many hours per week they spend
watching television. The following frequency distribution presents the results.
Construct a frequency polygon for the frequency distribution. A)
29
42)
B)
C)
D)
30
43) Following is a pie chart that presents the percentages spent by a certain household on its
43)
five largest annual expenditures. What percentage of the money spent was spent on food, housing, and utilities?
A) 47%
B) 52.5%
C) 65.4%
44) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot for the following data.
A)
B)
C)
D)
31
D) 60.4% 44)
45) The following time-series plot presents the population growth (in percent) of a suburb of
Atlanta, Georgia for each of the years 1990 through 2009. Estimate the rate of growth in 2001.
A) 5.9%
B) 5.6%
C) 3.8%
32
D) 4.8%
45)
46) The following frequency distribution presents the frequency of passenger vehicles that
46)
pass through a certain intersection from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM on a particular day. Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Frequency 12 59 38 64
Construct a pie chart for the data. A)
B)
C)
D)
47) The following frequency distribution presents the frequency of passenger vehicles that
pass through a certain intersection from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM on a particular day. Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Frequency 5 56 54 62
Construct a relative frequency bar graph for the data.
33
47)
A)
B)
C)
D)
34
48) One hundred students are shown an eight-digit number on a piece of cardboard for three
48)
seconds and are asked to then recite the number from memory. The process is repeated until the student accurately recites the entire number from memory. The following histogram presents the number of trials it took each student to memorize the number.
How many students memorized the number in three trials or less? A) 16 B) 86 C) 14
D) 4
49) The following table presents the purchase totals (in dollars) of a random sample of
gasoline purchases at a convenience store. Construct a frequency histogram using a class width of 10, and using 0 as the lower class limit for the first class.
A)
35
49)
B)
C)
D)
50) The following frequency distribution presents the frequency of passenger vehicles that
pass through a certain intersection from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM on a particular day. Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Frequency 10 80 75 40
Construct a frequency bar graph for the data. 36
50)
A)
B)
C)
D)
37
51) The following frequency distribution presents the weights in pounds (lb) of a sample of
visitors to a health clinic.
Construct a relative frequency histogram. A)
B)
38
51)
C)
D)
52) Helium prices: The cost of grade A Helium gas in 2003 was around $60/Mcf. Five years
52)
later it reached around $115/Mcf. Which of the following graphs accurately represents the magnitude of the increase? A)
B)
2003 53) Construct a dotplot for the following data.
2008 53)
39
A)
B)
C)
D)
40
54) The following bar graph presents the average amount a certain family spent, in dollars,
54)
on various food categories in a recent year. On which food category was the most money spent?
A) Meat poultry, fish, eggs
B) Cereals and baked goods
C) Fruits and vegetables
D) Dairy products
55) The following table presents the rate of population growth of a suburb of Atlanta,
Georgia for each of the years 1990 through 2009. Construct a time-series plot of the growth rate.
A)
41
55)
B)
C)
D)
42
56) The following frequency distribution presents the weights in pounds (lb) of a sample of
56)
visitors to a health clinic. Weight (lb) 100-103 104-107 108-111 112-115 116-119 120-123 124-127 128-131
Frequency 2 5 4 3 6 5 3 2
What is the class width? A) 5 B) 3
C) 4
D) 32
57) The following frequency distribution presents the frequency of passenger vehicles that
57)
pass through a certain intersection from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM on a particular day. Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Frequency 12 86 66 30
What is the relative frequency of the Truck category? A) 0.155 B) 30% C) 30
D) 0.349
58) The following table presents the purchase totals (in dollars) of a random sample of
gasoline purchases at a convenience store. Construct a relative frequency histogram using a class width of 10, and using 0 as the lower class limit for the first class.
43
58)
A)
B)
C)
D)
44
59) The following time-series plot presents the population growth (in percent) of a suburb of
59)
Atlanta, Georgia for each of the years 1990 through 2009. Estimate the amount by which the rate of growth changed from 2007 to 2009.
A) about -2.7 percentage points
B) about -1.9 percentage points
C) about -2.2 percentage points
D) about -2.6 percentage points
60) The following frequency distribution presents the frequency of passenger vehicles that
pass through a certain intersection from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM on a particular day. Vehicle Type Motorcycle Sedan SUV Truck
Frequency 6 44 25 75
Construct a relative frequency Pareto chart for the data. A)
45
60)
B)
C)
D)
61) Following are the numbers of Dean's List students in a random sample of 20 university
courses. Construct a dotplot for these data.
A)
46
61)
B)
C)
D)
62) The following frequency distribution presents the weights in pounds (lb) of a sample of
visitors to a health clinic.
Construct a frequency histogram.
47
62)
A)
B)
C)
D)
48
63) Classify the histogram as unimodal or bimodal.
A) bimodal
63)
B) unimodal
64) Thirty households were surveyed for the number of televisions in each home. Following
are the results.
Construct a frequency histogram. A)
B)
49
64)
C)
D)
50
65) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot for the following data, in which the leaf represents the
65)
tenths place.
A)
B)
C)
D)
66) Classify the histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, or approximately
symmetric.
A) skewed to the right B) approximately symmetric C) skewed to the left
51
66)
67) Gravity on Mars: The gravity on Earth is around
2 's stronger than the gravity on Mars. 3
67)
Which of the following graphics compare the gravity differences more accurately, and why? A)
B)
68) The following table presents the purchase totals (in dollars) of a random sample of
gasoline purchases at a convenience store. Construct a frequency distribution using a class width of 10, and using 0 as the lower class limit for the first class.
A)
B)
52
68)
C)
D)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 69) Stem-and-leaf plots and dotplots provide a simple way to display data for small data sets.
69)
70) The following frequency distribution presents the number of copies sold at retail in the
70)
United States in 2018 for each of the ten best-selling video games.
Game Spider-Man (PS4) God of War (PS4) FIFA 19 (PS4) Monster Hunter: World (PS4) Far Cry 5 (PS4) Mario Kart 8 Deluxe (Switch) Super Mario Odyssey (Switch) Call of Duty: Black Ops III (PS4) Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (Switch) Splatoon
Sales (millions) 52 50 49 47 36 33 26 25 22 21
True or false: More than 10% of the games sold were Spider-Man 71) In a dotplot, the number of dots in a vertical column represents the number of times a
certain value appears in a data set.
53
71)
72) The following frequency distribution presents the number of phones (in millions)
72)
shipped in each quarter of each year from 2015 through 2018.
Quarter Jan.–Mar. 2015 Apr.–Jun. 2015 Jul.–Sep. 2015 Oct.–Dec. 2015 Jan.–Mar. 2016 Apr.–Jun. 2016 Jul.–Sep. 2016 Oct.–Dec. 2016 Jan.–Mar. 2017 Apr.–Jun. 2017 Jul.–Sep. 2017 Oct.–Dec. 2017 Jan.–Mar. 2018 Apr.–Jun. 2018 Jul.–Sep. 2018 Oct.–Dec. 2018
Number Sold (in millions) 354.0 334.5 359.3 387.0 369.2 365.8 356.6 432.8 380.2 379.8 380.7 444.0 375.4 435.6 429.2 458.2
True or false: In each year, the quarter with the largest sales was October to December 73) The following bar graph presents the average amount a U.S. family spent, in dollars, on
various food categories in a recent year.
True or false: Families spent more on animal products (meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products) than on plant products (cereals, bakery products, fruits, and vegetables). 54
73)
74) Following is a pie chart that presents the percentages of video games sold in each of four
74)
rating categories.
True or false: More than twice as many T-rated games are sold as M-rated games. 75) The population of country A is twice as large as the population of country B. True or
75)
false: If images are used to represent the populations, both the height and width of the image for country A should be twice as large as the height and width of the image for country B. 76) The following time-series plot presents the percentage of high school seniors who
smoked cigarettes every two years form 1994 through 2018.
True or false: Since 1994, the percentage has never been lower than 5%.
55
76)
77) In a stem-and-leaf plot, each stem must be a single digit.
77)
78) The following frequency distribution presents the number of phones (in millions)
78)
shipped in each quarter of each year from 2015 through 2018.
Quarter Jan.–Mar. 2015 Apr.–Jun. 2015 Jul.–Sep. 2015 Oct.–Dec. 2015 Jan.–Mar. 2016 Apr.–Jun. 2016 Jul.–Sep. 2016 Oct.–Dec. 2016 Jan.–Mar. 2017 Apr.–Jun. 2017 Jul.–Sep. 2017 Oct.–Dec. 2017 Jan.–Mar. 2018 Apr.–Jun. 2018 Jul.–Sep. 2018 Oct.–Dec. 2018
Number Sold (in millions) 337.9 346.9 341.2 384.6 362.1 377.9 356.9 419.9 341.5 340.8 353.3 443.4 428.8 439.6 397.9 448.2
True or false: Phone shipments increased each year from 2015 through 2018.
56
79) Following is a pie chart that presents the percentages of video games sold in each of four
79)
rating categories.
True or false: Fewer than one in five games sold is an M-rated game. 80) The following time-series plot presents the average price of houses sold in the United
States during the first quarter of each of the years 2004-2019.
True or false: The average price in 2019 exceeded the average price in 2004 by more than $100,000.
57
80)
81) The following bar graph presents the average amount a U.S. family spent, in dollars, on
various food categories in a recent year.
True or false: On the average, families spent more on cereals and bakery products than on fruits and vegetables.
58
81)
Answer Key Testname: C2
1) B 2) A 3) D 4) B 5) A 6) A 7) B 8) A 9) A 10) D 11) A 12) B 13) D 14) A 15) D 16) B 17) B 18) C 19) B 20) D 21) C 22) C 23) A 24) C 25) B 26) C 27) D 28) D 29) B 30) B 31) A 32) B 33) C 34) B 35) B 36) Misleading 37) Accurate 38) C 39) A 40) D 41) B 42) A 43) C 44) B 45) D 46) B 47) B 48) C 49) D 59
Answer Key Testname: C2
50) D 51) C 52) A 53) C 54) A 55) A 56) C 57) A 58) B 59) C 60) D 61) B 62) D 63) A 64) D 65) D 66) A 67) A 68) C 69) TRUE 70) TRUE 71) TRUE 72) TRUE 73) TRUE 74) FALSE 75) FALSE 76) FALSE 77) FALSE 78) FALSE 79) TRUE 80) TRUE 81) FALSE
60
Exam Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Rachel worked at three part-time jobs last week. At one job, she worked 20 hours at a
1)
salary of $14 per hour, at another she worked 9 hours at $13 per hour, and at the third she worked 13 hours at $10 per hour. What was her mean hourly wage? A) $12.94 B) $13.50 C) $12.55 D) $13.33 2) In a recent year, the 65th percentile of daily mean temperatures in the city of Macon,
2)
Georgia was 75 degrees. For approximately what percentage of days that year was the mean temperature greater than 75 degrees? A) 35% B) 65% C) 34% D) 64% 3) Following are final exam scores, arranged in increasing order, for 28 students in an
3)
introductory statistics course. 58 76
59 77
62 78
64 78
67 78
68 82
69 82
71 84
73 86
74 87
74 87
75 88
Fred got a score of 75 on the exam. On what percentile is his score? A) 41st B) 45th C) 36th
76 91
76 97
D) 38th
4) Use the given frequency distribution to approximate the mean.
Class 0-49 50-99 100-149 150-199 200-249 250-299 A) 145.3
4)
Frequency 16 25 15 36 26 7 B) 145.8
C) 20.8
1
D) 97.0
5) The following frequency distribution presents the number of U.S. adults (in thousands)
5)
ages 25–74 who have earned a Bachelor’s degree in a recent year. Class 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
Frequency 5493 4640 4314 4554 4472 4264 3866 3264 2195 1330
Approximate the mean age. A) 50.0 B) 45.5
C) 48.0
D) 46.0
6) In a sample of adult women participating in the National Health and Nutrition survey,
6)
74% of them were taller than 64.5 inches. On approximately what percentile is a woman who is 64.5 inches tall? A) 75th B) 27th C) 26th D) 74th 7) In Jacob’s statistics class, the final grade is a weighted mean of a homework grade, three
7)
midterm exam grades, and a final exam grade. The homework counts for 10% of the final grade, each midterm counts for 20%, and the final exam counts for 30%. Jacob got a score of 70 on the homework, 59, 71, and 83 on the three midterms, and 78 on the final. What is Jacob’s final grade? A) 73 B) 70 C) 74 D) 72 8) A data set has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Which of the following
8)
might possibly be true? A) No less than 30% of the data values are less than 30 or greater than 70. B) More than 90% of the data values are between 20 and 80. C) At least 15% of the data values are less than 20 or greater than 80. D) No more than 50% of the data values are between 30 and 70. 9) A population has standard deviation 8. What is the population variance? A) 0.13
B) 16
C) 2.83
2
D) 64
9)
10) The following TI-84 Plus display presents the five-number summary for a data set. Are
10)
there any outliers in this data set?
A) Yes
B) No
11) Use the given frequency distribution to approximate the mean.
Class 0-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99 100-199 A) 46.8
11)
Frequency 16 13 4 5 9 5 B) 47.3
C) 8.7
D) 35.8
12) The ages of residents of a certain city are given in the following frequency distribution.
Class 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
Frequency 282 200 214 250 175 87 19 23 10 3
Approximate the mean age. A) 50 B) 12.6
C) 20.3
3
D) 27.9
12)
13) A National Center for Health Statistics study states that the mean height for adult men in
13)
the United States is 69.3 inches with a standard deviation of 3.4 inches, and the mean weight is 196.3 pounds with a standard deviation of 68.1 pounds. i. Compute the coefficient of variation for height. ii. Compute the coefficient of variation for weight. iii. Which has greater spread relative to its mean, height or weight? A) i. 20.382 B) i. 0.049 C) i. 20.382 D) i. 0.049 ii. 2.883 ii. 0.347 ii. 2.883 ii. 0.347 iii. Height iii. Height iii. Weight iii. Weight 14) Following are wind speeds (in mph) for 29 randomly selected days in San Francisco.
27.3 37.9 26.7 40.9
22.8 44.5 13.2 29.6
33.5 27.8 30.2 46.7
13.9 38.5 36.2 21.0
40.6 26.5 31.7 25.2
30.5 32.3 18.1
i. Are there any outliers? If so, list them. ii. Construct a boxplot for these data. iii. Describe the shape of this distribution. A) i. 13.2 ii.
iii. Skewed to the left B) i. No outliers ii.
iii. Skewed to the right
4
40.4 35.9 24.5
23.4 34.6 40.1
14)