Test Bank for American Government Roots and Reform
Karen O’CONNOR Larry J. SABATO Alixandra B. YANUS
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Test Bank for
American Government Roots and Reform
Table of Contents How to Use This Test Bank viii Chapter 1
American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture ........................ 1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1 True-False Questions 10 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 12 Short Answer Questions 14 Essay Questions 16
Chapter 2
The Constitution ................................................................................ 19 Multiple-Choice Questions 19 True-False Questions 35 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 39 Short Answer Questions 43 Essay Questions 46
Chapter 3
The Federal System ........................................................................... 49 Multiple-Choice Questions 49 True-False Questions 66 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 70 Short Answer Questions 73 Essay Questions 77
Chapter 4
Civil Liberties .................................................................................... 80 Multiple-Choice Questions 80 True-False Questions 99 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 104 Short Answer Questions 107 Essay Questions 112
Chapter 5
Civil Rights....................................................................................... 115 Multiple-Choice Questions 115 True-False Questions 137
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 141 Short Answer Questions 143 Essay Questions 150
Chapter 6
Congress ............................................................................................ 156 Multiple-Choice Questions 156 True-False Questions 173 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 178 Short Answer Questions 180 Essay Questions 185
Chapter 7
The Presidency .................................................................................. 188 Multiple-Choice Questions 188 True-False Questions 204 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 208 Short Answer Questions 211 Essay Questions 216
Chapter 8
The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy ....................... 220 Multiple-Choice Questions 220 True-False Questions 237 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 240 Short Answer Questions 243 Essay Questions 249
Chapter 9
The Judiciary .................................................................................................... 252 Multiple-Choice Questions 252 True-False Questions 268 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 272 Short Answer Questions 275 Essay Questions 280
Chapter 10
Public Opinion and Political Socialization ....................................... 282 Multiple-Choice Questions 282 True-False Questions 299
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Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 304 Short Answer Questions 306 Essay Questions 311
Chapter 11
Political Parties ................................................................................ 314 Multiple-Choice Questions 314 True-False Questions 328 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 333 Short Answer Questions 337 Essay Questions 340
Chapter 12
Elections and Voting ........................................................................ 344 Multiple-Choice Questions 344 True-False Questions 363 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 367 Short Answer Questions 370 Essay Questions 376
Chapter 13
The Campaign Process .................................................................... 380 Multiple-Choice Questions 380 True-False Questions 396 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 401 Short Answer Questions 403 Essay Questions 409
Chapter 14
The News Media............................................................................... 412 Multiple-Choice Questions 412 True-False Questions 427 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 434 Short Answer Questions 436 Essay Questions 440
Chapter 15
Interest Groups ................................................................................ 444 Multiple-Choice Questions 444
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True-False Questions 461 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 465 Short Answer Questions 468 Essay Questions 472
Chapter 16
Domestic Policy ................................................................................. 476 Multiple-Choice Questions 476 True-False Questions 491 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 495 Short Answer Questions 497 Essay Questions 501
Chapter 17
Economic Policy ................................................................................ 505 Multiple-Choice Questions 505 True-False Questions 523 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 527 Short Answer Questions 531 Essay Questions 536
Chapter 18
Foreign and Defense Policy .............................................................. 540 Multiple-Choice Questions 540 True-False Questions 558 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 562 Short Answer Questions 566 Essay Question 572
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How to Use This Test Bank Overview This test bank for American Government will help you assess a wxide range of skill levels. It also measures this book’s learning objectives using multiple-choice, true/false, fill-in-the-blank, short answer, and essay questions. Finally, this test bank is available in multiple formats to facilitate deployment in a variety of instructional contexts.
Skill Levels This test bank utilizes four skill levels based on Blooms’ taxonomy. Instructors can choose questions based on skill level if they wish to assess a variety of critical thinking skills. The four skill levels and their differences are reflected in the table below. Skill Level
Explanation
Remember the Facts
This level is focused on the most basic understanding of the content. These questions are aimed at helping students to learn and remember the basic facts of American Government. These questions encourage students to define, duplicate, list, memorize, recall, repeat, reproduce, and state.
Understand the Concepts
This level emphasizes more than basic factual recall, and focuses on getting students to understand the concepts, as well as connections between concepts, policies, and current events. These questions encourage students to classify, identify, locate, recognize, report, select, translate, and paraphrase.
Apply What You Know
This level will focus on covering major applications in the textbook, but also to introduce new applications of the core concepts. These questions encourage students to choose, demonstrate, employ, illustrate, interpret, schedule, solve, and use.
Analyze It
This level will test student ability to analyze by deconstructing concepts and recognizing differences, similarities, and patterns. These questions encourage students to appraise, compare, contrast, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, and question.
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Question Types Multiple-Choice Questions: Each chapter comes with multiple-choice questions testing every material from every A-head. Questions cover all skill levels. True/False Questions: Every chapter comes with true-false questions that cover Remember the Facts, Understand the Concepts, and Apply What You Know skill levels. Fill-in-the-Blank Questions: Each chapter comes with fill-in-the-blank questions that cover Remember the Facts, Understand the Concepts, and Apply What You Know skill levels. Short Answer Questions: Each chapter comes with short answer questions which cover the Understand the Concepts, Apply What You Know, and Analyze It skill levels. Each question comes with an ideal answer to help you with grading. Essay Questions: Every chapter comes with essay questions which cover the Understand the Concepts, Apply What You Know, and Analyze It skill levels. Each question comes with an ideal answer to help you with grading.
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1 American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
How does the Preamble to the Constitution begin? a. “We the People…” b. “We hold these truths to be self-evident…” c. “When in the Course of human events…” d. “In Order to form a more perfect Union…” Answer: a Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.1.1 Topic: Roots of American Government: We the People Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Trace the origins of American government. Page Reference: 4 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
2.
What was the most common initial reason for settlement in North America by the first colonists? a. family reunification b. religious freedom c. flight from diseases rampaging through Europe d. commerce Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.1.2 Topic: Roots of American Government: We the People Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Trace the origins of American government. Page Reference: 5 1
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 3.
In a direct democracy, decisions are made collectively by citizens using
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a. indirect democracy b. majority rule c. enlightened representatives d. trustee representatives Answer: b Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.2.3 Topic: Types of Government Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Evaluate the different types of governments countries may employ. Page Reference: 7 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 4.
The ancient Greeks considered representative government to be
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a. nearly perfect b. a natural right c. aristocratic d. undemocratic Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.2.4 Topic: Types of Government Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Evaluate the different types of governments countries may employ. Page Reference: 8 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 5.
Indirect democracy uses which of the following? a. plebiscites b. unanimity c. representation d. “mob rule” Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.2.5 Topic: Types of Government Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Evaluate the different types of governments countries may employ. 2 .
Page Reference: 8 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 6.
What are republics? a. representative democracies b. direct democracies c. a hallmark of direct democracy d. forms of government frequently found in totalitarian regimes Answer: a Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.2.6 Topic: Types of Government Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Evaluate the different types of governments countries may employ. Page Reference: 8 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
7.
In an oligarchy, rule is by which of the following? a. the many in their self-interest b. a few people in their self-interest c. one person in the best interest of society d. the many in the best interest of society Answer: b Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.2.7 Topic: Types of Government Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Evaluate the different types of governments countries may employ. Page Reference: 7 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
8.
Which function of government stated in the Preamble is consistent with the notion of having government-provided police protection? a. establishing justice b. securing the blessings of liberty c. promoting the general welfare d. ensuring domestic tranquility Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.3.8 Topic: Functions of American Government Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Explain the functions of American government. 3 .
Page Reference: 8 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate Which of the following expanded Americans’ conceptions of personal liberty?
9.
a. indirect democracy b. the Fourteenth Amendment c. the American Dream d. political ideology Answer: b Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.4.9 Topic: American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy Learning Objective: LO 1.4: Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy. Page Reference: 9 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 10.
The idea that governments draw legitimacy and power from the governed is referred to as which of the following? a. majority rule b. direct democracy c. capitalism d. popular consent Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.4.10 Topic: American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy Learning Objective: LO 1.4: Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy. Page Reference: 10 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
11.
Which of the following is the doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and can be understood by reason? a. ethical law b. contract law c. natural law d. Newton’s law Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.4.11 Topic: American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy 4 .
Learning Objective: LO 1.4: Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy. Page Reference: 10 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 12.
The Framers agreed that the new nation had to be founded on notions of which of the following? a. economic equality b. aristocracy c. racial equality d. religious freedom Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.4.12 Topic: American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy Learning Objective: LO 1.4: Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy. Page Reference: 10 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
13.
How many citizens did the Constitution initially mandate that each member of the House of Representatives should represent? a. 30,000 b. 60,000 c. 100,000 d. 130,000 Answer: a Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.13 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 11 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
14.
In general, which of the following is true about the U.S. population? a. It is mostly under the age of thirty. b. It is getting older. c. It is becoming more homogeneous. d. It is becoming more Christian. Answer: b 5 .
Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.14 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 12, 14 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 15.
What percentage of Americans are immigrants? a. 0.7 percent b. 3 percent c. 9 percent d. 15 percent Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.15 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 12 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
16.
Which accurately compares Southerners to Northerners? a. Northerners are more religious. b. Northerners are more likely to favor states’ rights. c. Southerners are more in favor of civil rights. d. Southerners are more likely to favor downsizing the federal government. Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.16 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 14 Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult
17.
Approximately what percentage of children live in a household with both parents? a. 40 percent b. 50 percent c. 60 percent d. 70 percent Answer: d
Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.17 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 15 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 18.
Based on the average age of the state’s population, which issue would you expect to be least important to voters in Florida, which has the oldest state population in the U.S.? a. Social Security b. Medicare c. public education d. prescription drug costs Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.18 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 14 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate
19.
Which of the following public policies would social conservatives be most likely to support? a. decreasing defense spending b. prohibiting any references to God or religion on money or government buildings c. restricting abortions d. regulating the banking and financial sectors Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.19 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 17 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult
20.
Members of which of the following groups are most likely to be social conservatives? a. evangelical Protestants b. African Americans c. the elderly 7 .
d. single mothers Answer: a Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.20 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 17 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate 21.
Which of the following is a true statement about liberals? a. They believe individuals should look to churches and other social service organizations for assistance. b. They are more likely to vote Republican than Democratic. c. They generally favor government intervention to promote equality. d. They seek to end costly welfare programs. Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.21 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 17 Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult
22.
Which of the following is a true statement about moderates? a. They created the Tea Party movement. b. They comprise over half of the U.S. population. c. They largely support an overhaul of the welfare system. d. They believe that a centrist approach to politics is best. Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.22 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 19 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
23.
Over time, Americans’ expectations of government have generally a. increased b. decreased 8 .
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c. been related to national defense d. been related to foreign policy Answer: a Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.7.23 Topic: Toward Reform: People and Politics Learning Objective: LO 1.7: Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government. Page Reference: 19 – 20 Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Moderate 24.
Americans’ confidence in government institutions in the United States has . a. remained stagnant over time b. generally increased c. generally decreased d. fluctuated considerably depending on who is in office Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.7.24 Topic: Toward Reform: People and Politics Learning Objective: LO 1.7: Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government. Page Reference: 20 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
25.
Americans generally have the lowest levels of confidence in which of the following institutions? a. the press b. business and industry c. the executive branch d. Congress Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.7.25 Topic: Toward Reform: People and Politics Learning Objective: LO 1.7: Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government. Page Reference: 20 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
26.
Which of the following was expected of the federal government 200 years ago? 9 .
a. regulating business b. providing national defense c. providing poverty relief d. inspecting food Answer: b Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.7.26 Topic: Toward Reform: People and Politics Learning Objective: LO 1.7: Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government. Page Reference: 19 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
True-False Questions 27.
Indigenous peoples had been living in North America for more than 30,000 years before the arrival of the first European colonists. Answer: TRUE Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.1.27 Topic: Roots of American Government: We the People Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Trace the origins of American government. Page Reference: 4 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
28.
Monarchy is a type of government that Aristotle considered rule by “tyranny.” Answer: FALSE Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.2.28 Topic: Types of Government Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Evaluate the different types of governments countries may employ. Page Reference: 6 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
29.
Many colonists were uncomfortable with the term democracy because it conjured up fears of the people and mob rule. Answer: TRUE Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.2.29 Topic: Types of Government 10 .
Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Evaluate the different types of governments countries may employ. Page Reference: 8 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 30.
Conservatives tend to want the government to respond quickly to societal changes. Answer: FALSE Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.30 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 17 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Difficult
31.
Over the years, our attitudes about personal liberty have remained unchanged. Answer: FALSE Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.4.31 Topic: American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy Learning Objective: LO 1.4: Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy. Page Reference: 9 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
32.
The elderly often vote against programs favored by younger voters; younger voters often vote against programs favored by the elderly. Answer: TRUE Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.32 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 14 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
33.
Large numbers of nonvoters can threaten democratic legitimacy. Answer: TRUE Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.4.33 Topic: American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy Learning Objective: LO 1.4: Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy. Page Reference: 10 11 .
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 34.
Fewer Americans consider themselves to be liberal than to be conservative. Answer: TRUE Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.34 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 17 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
35.
The Framers did not envision that the U.S. government would do as much to “promote the general welfare” as it has been doing in recent years. Answer: TRUE Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.3.35 Topic: Functions of American Government Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Explain the functions of American government. Page Reference: 9 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 36.
Although many people still view the United States as a nation, a great number of religious groups—including Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, and Muslims—have established roots in the United States. Answer: Christian Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.36 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 14 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
37.
The United States has undergone a tremendous change in the number of states allowing for marriage. Answer: same-sex Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.37 12 .
Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 15 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 38.
is the coherent set of values and beliefs people hold about the purpose and scope of government. Answer: Political ideology Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.38 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 16 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
39.
believe that moral decay must be stemmed and that government should support and further traditional moral teachings. Answer: Social conservatives Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.39 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 17 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
40.
believe in extensive government control of personal and economic liberties. Answer: Statists Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.40 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 19 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
41.
Americans tend to share the common goal of achieving the , which generally includes a happy and successful life, wealth, a house, and a better life for one’s children. Answer: American dream 13 .
Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.7.41 Topic: Toward Reform: People and Politics Learning Objective: LO 1.7: Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government. Page Reference: 19 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
Short Answer Questions 42.
What was the primary reason that colonists settled in America? Discuss the establishment of at least two specific colonies. Answer: An ideal response will: 1. Explain how wealthy people in England and other European nations wanted to increase their wealth. They brought laborers with them. Thus, commerce was the primary reason for many people to settle in America. 2. Discuss the establishment of at least two colonies. For example, there were English commercial settlements in Virginia. Puritans left Europe in 1620, landing in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Settlers from Finland, Germany, and Sweden colonized New Amsterdam, which was later named New York. Ultimately settlements were established in many areas of Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York. Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.1.42 Topic: Roots of American Government: We the People Learning Objective: LO 1.1: Trace the origins of American government. Page Reference: 5 – 6 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
43.
What is the main difference between direct democracy and indirect democracy? Assess which plays a more prominent role in government of the United States. Answer: An ideal response will: 1. Define direct democracy as a system of government in which the people meet to discuss issues and make political decisions by majority rule. 2. Define indirect democracy as a system in which the people vote for representatives who make decisions based on the people’s behalf. The term republic is often used to describe indirect, representative democracies. 3. Explain that in the United States, the voters elect lawmakers to represent them. This is a form of indirect democracy. Elements of direct democracy are much less prominent in the United States. Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.2.43 14 .
Topic: Types of Government Learning Objective: LO 1.2: Evaluate the different types of governments countries may employ. Page Reference: 7 – 8 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 44.
How is the large number of immigrants to the United States likely to affect public policy? Answer: An ideal response will: 1. Note that 15 percent of the population is an immigrant, and that many of them are Hispanic. 2. Discuss how this may affect politics in a number of ways. For example, policies will likely reflect the needs and concerns of this growing minority. In some cases, governments have to decide whether to conduct business solely in English or in Spanish as well. 3. Discuss other policies that are important to immigrants more broadly, such as immigration policy. Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.44 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 11 – 12 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Moderate
45.
Evaluate same-sex marriage from a conservative perspective and from a liberal perspective. Would conservative and social conservative viewpoints be the same? Why or why not? Answer: An ideal response will: 1. Note that, generally speaking, conservatives favor the status quo and making change only slowly, whereas liberals are more in favor of rapid change to promote equality. 2. Discuss why this means that liberals would more likely favor same-sex marriage than conservatives. 3. Indicate that there might be some differences between conservatives and social conservatives. While both conservatives and social conservatives would likely oppose same-sex marriage, they would do so on different grounds. Social conservatives tend to believe that same-sex marriage is inconsistent with the traditional moral teachings that government should promote. Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.45 Topic: Political Ideology 15 .
Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 15 – 17 Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 46.
How have Americans’ expectations of their government changed over time? Answer: An ideal response will: 1. Review that in the first 150 years of our nation’s history the federal government had fewer functions, which were limited to national defense, printing money, and collecting taxes and tariffs. 2. Note that as the country expanded economically and in size, greater demands were placed on the government. The government began to play a role in things like regulating business activity, assisting the poor, and inspecting food. 3. Discuss how Americans are suspicious of government and also frustrated with it. Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.7.46 Topic: Toward Reform: People and Politics Learning Objective: LO 1.7: Characterize changes in Americans’ attitudes toward and expectations of government. Page Reference: 19 – 21 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
Essay Questions 47.
Explain what the Framers meant by “securing the blessings of liberty,” and discuss how far a government should go to ensure citizens’ liberty. Answer: An ideal response will: 1. Explain that the Framers used the term “securing the blessings of liberty” to refer to the freedom to criticize the government or petition it when they disagreed with its policies. 2. Discuss that American political culture and the basic tenets of American democracy suggest that government should go a long way in “securing the blessings of liberty.” The Framers were very concerned with personal liberty and political equality. They were also concerned with popular consent, majority rule, popular sovereignty, notions of individualism, and religious freedom. Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.3.47 16 .
Topic: Functions of American Government; American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy Learning Objective: LO 1.3: Explain the functions of American government; LO 1.4: Describe American political culture, and identify the basic tenets of American democracy. Page Reference: 8 – 9 Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult 48.
Why are there regional and sectional differences within the United States? Explain how these differences arose. Answer: An ideal response will: 1. Discuss regional and sectional differences in the United States. Regional sectionalism can be explained based on where people settled and where they came from. For example, people who settled in Virginia and southward were largely concerned with commerce; those who settled in the Northeast were seeking religious freedom. 2. Provide examples such as Scandinavians settling in Minnesota or the Irish, Italians, and Jews settling in the Northeast. These groups brought with them views on the appropriate role of government. 3. Identify the different views across different regions of the country. Northerners were more supportive of civil rights than Southerners. Westerners were concerned with issues like free land. Some Westerners have been concerned with water rights. 4. Analyze urban and rural differences in the United States. Urban areas tend to be much more liberal than rural areas, which are more conservative. Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.5.48 Topic: The Changing American People Learning Objective: LO 1.5: Analyze the changing characteristics of the American public. Page Reference: 11 – 15 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult
49.
Political scientists note that ideologies perform four key functions. After discussing each function, decide and explain which most affects your own ideology. Answer: An ideal response will: 1. Identify and discuss the four functions political scientists attribute to ideologies: (1) Explanation—ideologies help explain why political and social conditions are a certain way. (2) Evaluation—ideologies provide a means for evaluating events, political institutions, and social conditions. (3) Orientation—ideologies help locate issues and positions relative to some benchmark. (4) Political Program—ideologies help make political decisions and guide political action. 2. Make a case for which of these functions most affects your ideology. 17 .
Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.49 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 16 Skill Level: Apply What You Know Difficulty Level: Difficult 50.
Why might the labels of “conservative” and “liberal” be misleading? Answer: An ideal response will: 1. Indicate that studies have found that people may label themselves ideologically one way but may indicate the opposite ideological position on some issues. People may have conservative views on some issues, such as economics, and liberal views on others, such as civil rights. 2. Discuss how the simple left-right continuum may be inadequate for creating an accurate ideological picture for many people. Alternatively, in addition to the left-right scale, it would be useful to consider a position ranging from statist positions to libertarian ones. Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q1.6.50 Topic: Political Ideology Learning Objective: LO 1.6: Assess the role of political ideology in shaping American politics. Page Reference: 17 – 19 Skill Level: Analyze It Difficulty Level: Difficult
18 .
2 The Constitution Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
At the Constitutional Convention, the delegates agreed that slaves would be counted as of a person for determining population for representation in the House of Representatives. a. one-third b. three-fifths c. two-thirds d. four-fifths Answer: b Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q2.3.1 Topic: The Miracle at Philadelphia: Writing the U.S. Constitution Learning Objective: LO 2.3: Outline the issues and compromises that were central to the writing of the U.S. Constitution. Page Reference: 38 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy is an economic theory designed to increase a nation’s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.
2.
a. Nationalism b. Socialism c. Mercantilism d. Commercialism Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q2.1.2 Topic: Roots of the U.S. Constitution Learning Objective: LO 2.1: Trace the historical developments that led to the colonists’ break with Great Britain and the emergence of the new American nation. 19 .
16 Domestic Policy Multiple-Choice Questions 1.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act primarily aims to
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a. establish a government-run health insurance program to cover everyone who lacks health insurance b. reduce the number of uninsured individuals c. increase the number of doctors who specialize rather than enter general practice d. protect patients from Medicare fraud Answer: b Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.1.1 Topic: Roots of Domestic Policy in the United States Learning Objective: LO 16.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. Page Reference: 451 – 452 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 2.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act included provisions to a. eliminate jobs in the financial sector b. close underperforming schools c. provide additional education funding to the states d. refinance the national debt by cutting the salaries and benefits of federal workers Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.3.2 Topic: Education Policy Today Learning Objective: LO 16.3: Outline education policy in the United States. Page Reference: 471 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 476 .
.
3.
Who was John Dewey? a. a reformer who advocated for energy policy and pushed the White House to reduce its carbon footprint b. a reformer who advocated for lower taxes and higher spending to stimulate the economy c. a philanthropist who established a system for cataloging insects d. an education reformer who advocated for experiential education Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.1.3 Topic: Roots of Domestic Policy in the United States Learning Objective: LO 16.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. Page Reference: 452 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
4.
Medicare is aimed at what group of people? a. children and college students b. business owners and their employees c. seniors and the disabled d. the poor and the infirm Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.2.4 Topic: Health Policy Today Learning Objective: LO 16.2: Describe health policy in the United States. Page Reference: 462 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate What decade marked a clear change in the federal government’s role in domestic policy making with the creation of the modern welfare state and the first entitlement program?
5.
a. the 1910s b. the 1930s c. the 1950s d. the 1970s Answer: b Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.1.5 Topic: Roots of Domestic Policy in the United States Learning Objective: LO 16.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. 477 .
Page Reference: 451 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 6.
Which stage in the policy-making process is government recognition that a problem is worthy of consideration for governmental action? a. agenda setting b. agenda adoption c. policy formation d. policy implementation Answer: a Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.1.6 Topic: Roots of Domestic Policy in the United States Learning Objective: LO 16.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. Page Reference: 456 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
7.
Approximately what percentage of Americans believes that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will make things better for people who do not already have health insurance? a. 5 percent b. 10 percent c. 30 percent d. 60 percent Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.2.7 Topic: Health Policy Today Learning Objective: LO 16.2: Describe health policy in the United States. Page Reference: 466 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
8.
In which of the following areas is health care spending in the United States greatest? a. hospital care b. physician and clinical services c. prescription drugs d. nursing home care Answer: a Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.2.8 478 .
Topic: Health Policy Today Learning Objective: LO 16.2: Describe health policy in the United States. Page Reference: 464 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 9.
The Framers of the Constitution created a decentralized policy-making process with powers shared by Congress, the president, the courts, and the . a. political parties b. interest groups c. states d. business interests Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.1.9 Topic: Roots of Domestic Policy in the United States Learning Objective: LO 16.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. Page Reference: 450 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
10.
Which president helped to create the modern welfare state in the United States? a. Dwight Eisenhower b. Franklin Roosevelt c. Jimmy Carter d. Ronald Reagan Answer: b Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.1.10 Topic: Roots of Domestic Policy in the United States Learning Objective: LO 16.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. Page Reference: 451 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
11.
Which of the following policies was recently enacted in order to help ensure that students are not saddled with too much student loan debt? a. mandatory tuition waivers for all students maintaining a 3.8 GPA or better b. requirements that all colleges and universities that accept federal funds must create programs that allow undergraduate students to complete their degree in three years c. guaranteed employment for the first three years after graduation d. a cap on repayments at 10 percent of income with the entire balance forgiven after 20 years 479 .
Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.3.11 Topic: Education Policy Today Learning Objective: LO 16.3: Outline education policy in the United States. Page Reference: 472 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate 12.
Which of the following pieces of legislation is designed to ensure that most people have health insurance? a. the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act b. the Social Security Act c. the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act d. the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Answer: a Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.2.12 Topic: Health Policy Today Learning Objective: LO 16.2: Describe health policy in the United States. Page Reference: 462 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
13.
Which of the following categories has the lowest level of health care expenditures? a. hospital care b. physician/clinical services c. home health care d. prescription drugs Answer: c Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.2.13 Topic: Health Policy Today Learning Objective: LO 16.2: Describe health policy in the United States. Page Reference: 464 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
14.
Which decade is referred to as the “environmental decade”? a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s 480 .
Answer: b Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.1.14 Topic: Roots of Domestic Policy in the United States Learning Objective: LO 16.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. Page Reference: 454 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy 15.
In 2002, which U.S. state was the first to pass legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? a. Alabama b. South Dakota c. New Mexico d. California Answer: d Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.4.15 Topic: Energy and Environmental Policy Today Learning Objective: LO 16.4: Explain energy and environmental policy in the United States. Page Reference: 476 Skill Level: Remember the Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
16.
Which of these was a consequence of the Race to the Top initiative? a. States have begun to adopt performance-based teacher evaluations. b. The unemployment rate has steadily declined. c. The federal government has left the financial markets to regulate themselves. d. Several new banks have emerged. Answer: a Test Bank Item Title: TB_Q16.3.16 Topic: Education Policy Today Learning Objective: LO 16.3: Outline education policy in the United States. Page Reference: 471 Skill Level: Understand the Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate
17.
The Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ruled that separate educational facilities for black and white students were . a. inherently unequal b. acceptable if funding was equitable 481 .