TEST BANK for AM GOV 2015-2016, 4e John Losco Ralph Baker
TEST BANK for AM GOV 2015-2016, 4e John Losco Ralph Baker
Chapter 01 Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 1) In which of the following presidential elections was turnout by young voters the largest? A. 1980 B. 1988 C. 1992 D. 2000 E. 2008
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2. (p. 2) Compared to the 2008 presidential election, voter participation among 18-29-year-olds in the 2012 presidential election was A. fell about 19 percent. B. fell about 6 percent. C. was about the same. D. rose about 4 percent. E. rose about 8 percent.
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3. (p. 2) Millennials who are attending or about to attend college are A. less ethnically and racially diverse than previous generations attending college. B. less cynical than their immediate predecessors in Generation X. C. less civic-minded than their immediate predecessors in Generation X. D. less politically engaged than their immediate predecessors in Generation X. E. None of these answers is correct.
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
4. (p. 3) Which of the following is true of citizenship for much of the past half century in the United States? A. Citizenship overall has come to be in a precarious state. B. Citizens' involvement in the life of their communities has dwindled. C. Voter turnout is well below that of other advanced democracies. D. The level of trust between citizens and elected national leaders has decreased. E. All of these answers are correct.
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5. (p. 3) The bonds of trust and reciprocity between citizens that form the glue holding modern societies together is referred to as A. social capital. B. sense of community. C. political culture. D. belief systems. E. None of these answers is correct.
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6. (p. 3) The vast number of voluntary associations that consist of citizens working together on issues of common concern is called A. government. B. social capital. C. direct democracy. D. civil society. E. liberal democracy.
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
7. (p. 4) Democracy as practiced in the United States and most other Western nations is best described as A. oligarchic. B. absolutist. C. direct. D. representative. E. restricted.
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8. (p. 4) Political decision-making by the entire citizenry is called A. direct democracy. B. representative democracy. C. majority rule. D. minority rights. E. authoritarianism.
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9. (p. 4) ________ is a system in which citizens hold public officials accountable through periodic elections and the rule of law. A. Direct democracy B. Representative democracy C. Majority rule D. Minority rights E. Authoritarianism
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
10. (p. 4) America's democracy is characterized by A. majority rule and protections for minority rights. B. greater than 90 percent participation by the citizenry in elections. C. absolute power being exercised by a single person. D. absolute equality amongst all citizens. E. None of these answers is correct.
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11. (p. 4) Which of the following institutions BEST exemplifies direct democracy? A. a New England town meeting in which all members of the community are allowed to introduce legislation and then vote for passage or rejection of legislation B. a national government in which all of the people have the right to express their opinion and cast their vote for the person whom they wish to elect to the presidency C. a presidential administration in which the ethnic make-up of the president's cabinet roughly coincides with the ethnic make-up of the country as a whole D. a bicameral national government in which seats in one house are divided equally among all the states, and seats in another house are divided among the states in proportion to their population E. a local government in which all political positions including judgeships are elective, and none are appointive
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12. (p. 4) Which of the following statements about democracy as currently practiced in the United States is MOST accurate? A. The United States is one of the few countries that practices direct democracy. B. In the United States, the rule of the majority is absolute. C. In the United States, the majority in government cannot pass laws without the active support of the minority. D. In the United States, the minority has veto power over the electoral and legislative choices of the majority. E. In the United States, public policy is determined by the people's representatives, not by the people themselves.
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
13. (p. 4) The information released by Edward Snowden highlighted the tensions between A. majority rule and minority rights. B. representative democracy and political power. C. national security and personal freedom. D. freedom of religion and freedom of the press. E. government authority and the right to a fair trial.
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14. (p. 4) Which of the following statements about ruling-elite theory is LEAST accurate? A. It argues that members of the elite wield political power disproportionate to their numerical size. B. It argues that members of the elite are often able to influence public policy to their own advantage. C. Empirical findings have demonstrated that members of the elite are more likely to trample over civil liberties than Americans with less wealth or education. D. It argues that members of the elite tend to be better informed about political affairs than other Americans. E. It argues that members of the elite generally have greater access to political officials and political offices than other Americans.
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15. (p. 5) The defining characteristic of pluralism is the belief that A. various groups and coalitions constantly vie for government favor and the ability to exercise political power, but none enjoys long-term dominance. B. when too many interests exist within a single polity, the government cannot function effectively. C. the commitment to majority rule inevitably results in the oppression of minorities. D. an undue commitment to minority rights places undue restraints on majority rule. E. despite its democratic rhetoric, the United States is effectively governed by a small elite whose membership rarely changes.
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
16. (p. 5) An instance in which one segment of society manages to push through a law in one legislative session, only to have another segment build enough support to overthrow the law in the next session, would best be defined as an example of A. direct democracy. B. pluralism. C. a ruling elite. D. aristocracy. E. minority rights.
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17. (p. 5) The 2011 referendum in Ohio that overturned legislative action opposing collective bargaining for public employees seems to demonstrate which of the following? A. direct democracy B. ruling elite theory C. pluralism D. protection of minority rights E. protection of civil liberties
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18. (p. 6) According to the theory of biased pluralism, which group has disproportionate influence in the formation of public policy? A. Citizen movements B. Labor unions C. The wealthy D. The middle class E. The poor
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
19. (p. 6) The authors of the textbook are MOST interested in promoting _____________ in America. A. direct democracy B. majority rule C. class consciousness D. pluralism E. elitism
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20. (p. 6) Aristotle, Thomas Jefferson, and John Stuart Mill all agreed that A. women were equal to men. B. the citizenry must remain politically active. C. complacent citizens were a sign of a healthy government. D. a government, once established, could not be overturned. E. the people should be excluded from politics as completely as possible.
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21. (p. 6) Which of the following men called for periodic citizen uprisings to reinvigorate the spirit of democracy? A. Aristotle B. John Locke C. John Stuart Mill D. Thomas Jefferson E. Robert Putnam
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
22. (p. 6) A device permitted in 24 states that allows citizens to approve or repeal measures already acted upon by legislative bodies is called a(n) A. initiative. B. popular referendum. C. legislative referendum. D. recall. E. None of these answers is correct.
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23. (p. 6) What is the term for an electorate's right to draft legislation? A. direct initiative B. popular referendum C. legislative referendum D. recall E. people's legislation
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24. (p. 6) What is the term for an electorate's right to vote directly for or against legislative measures? A. initiative B. popular referendum C. legislative referendum D. recall E. social capital
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
25. (p. 6) What is the term for the requirement that certain types of measures, such as constitutional amendments, must be approved by the electorate? A. initiative B. popular referendum C. legislative referendum D. recall E. social capital
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26. (p. 6) How many of the 50 states grant their citizens the powers of initiative and popular referendum? A. 6 B. 18 C. 24 D. 37 E. 50
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27. (p. 6) How many of the 50 states grant their citizens the power of legislative referendum? A. 6 B. 18 C. 24 D. 37 E. 50
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
28. (p. 6) How many of the 50 states grant their citizens the power of recall? A. 6 B. 18 C. 24 D. 37 E. 50
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29. (p. 6) What is the term for an electorate's right to force unpopular elected officials out of office before the expiration of their term? A. initiative B. popular referendum C. legislative referendum D. recall E. social capital
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30. (p. 7) AmeriCorps is an example of which of the following? A. a nonprofit organization dedicated to improving voting participation B. a national volunteering effort not affiliated with the federal government C. indirect government support of volunteering efforts D. direct government support of volunteering efforts E. a manifestation of the ruling elite theory of government
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
31. (p. 7) According to the study discussed in the text, in which of the following countries do college-educated adults aged 25-64 have the highest level of trust in government? A. United States B. Italy C. China D. France E. Germany
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32. (p. 8) According to theorist John Locke, how do governments hold our allegiance? A. by enforcing pluralism and suppressing elite dominance B. by preserving the state of nature in the face of human threats C. by enabling majority rule and protecting minority rights D. by holding a monopoly on the use of force within a government's borders E. by protecting our life, liberty, and property better than we could on our own
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33. (p. 8) According to John Locke, if a government oppresses its citizens, those citizens A. must do their best to accommodate themselves to the oppression. B. should not rebel because the government is caring out God's will. C. have the right to rebel and overthrow the government. D. are no longer entitled to their natural rights. E. should move to the wilderness and live in the state of nature.
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
34. (p. 8) Which of the following statements about John Locke's political philosophy is LEAST accurate? A. Locke believed that the primary role of government was to ensure an equal distribution of property. B. Locke's beliefs had a profound effect on the founders of the American republic. C. Locke argued that people willingly submitted to the authority of government in return for its protection. D. Locke argued that citizens could overthrow a government that failed to protect, or actively threatened, their rights. E. Locke argued that human beings were born free, not bound to the will of another person or institution.
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35. (p. 8) Approximately how large was the white population of the United States when the Constitution was ratified? A. 4,000,000 B. 1,500,000 C. 950,000 D. 630,000 E. 234,000
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36. (p. 9) Which of the following is MOST likely to characterize current American suburbs? A. residential segregation and diversity B. integration and diversity C. residential segregation and homogeneity D. a population comprised mostly of blue-collar workers E. multiple-family homes that lack diversity
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
37. (p. 9) Approximately how large is the American population today? A. 1,200,000,000 B. 840,000,000 C. 320,000,000 D. 125,000,000 E. 62,000,000
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38. (p. 9) Approximately what percentage of the American public currently lives in suburbs? A. 85 percent B. 75 percent C. 55 percent D. 35 percent E. 20 percent
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39. (p. 9) Which of the following statements about American demographics is MOST accurate? A. A majority of states have legalized same-sex marriage. B. Thanks largely to the civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s, most Americans now live in ethnically diverse neighborhoods. C. Since the 1950s, the percentage of Americans who live in the suburbs has dramatically declined. D. Hispanics today make up the largest ethnic minority in the United States, narrowly edging out African Americans. E. While it was once known for its homogeneity, America's suburban population today is almost as ethnically and religiously diverse as its urban population.
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
40. (p. 9) Which minority group in the United States is growing the fastest? A. Asians B. Hispanics C. African Americans D. Middle Easterners/Arabs E. Native Americans
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41. (p. 10) The graying of the American population is likely to create tensions because A. fewer workers will have to support more retirees. B. older Americans are generally more tolerant of gender differences than are younger Americans. C. older Americans are generally more tolerant of racial differences than are younger Americans. D. older Americans tend to be less politically active than younger Americans. E. older Americans are generally more tolerant of ethnic differences than are younger Americans.
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42. (p. 10) By 2050, what percentage of the American population will be over the age of 65? A. 80 percent B. 20 percent C. 10 percent D. 35 percent E. 25 percent
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
43. (p. 10) When the U.S. Constitution was written, social class divisions among Americans were A. less visible than they are today but every bit as real. B. defined primarily by wealth and community but were not present in terms of political power. C. much less visible than they are today. D. less defined by markers such as wealth and dress. E. much more visible than they are today.
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44. (p. 10) What have recent studies shown about social mobility in the United States? A. Those of the middle-income class have seen the greatest rise in social mobility in the last 40 years. B. Those employed in manufacturing-sector jobs have seen the greatest rise in social mobility. C. Social mobility has increased for the poorest fifth of Americans, but not for middle-income Americans. D. A person born into the poorest fifth of Americans has a better chance now of ending up in the highest fifth than forty years ago. E. Social mobility has stagnated over the last 40 or so years.
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45. (p. 11) According to Bureau of Labor statistics presented in the text, projected growth in employment is highest for people with this level of education: A. less than high school B. high school C. associate's degree D. bachelor's degree E. master's degree
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
46. (p. 12) Which of the following skills is likely to be the LEAST profitable for a job seeker or job performer in the future American workplace? A. industrial manufacturing skills B. well-honed creativity C. analytical skills learned in college D. financial acumen E. technological proficiency
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47. (p. 12) What is the MOST commonly cited reason that citizens between the ages of 18 and 24 fail to vote? A. lack of interest B. registration problems C. inconvenient voting locations D. too busy; conflicting schedule E. disapproved of all the candidates
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48. (p. 13) What technique did both major political parties employ with great success in recent elections to encourage voting participation? A. Voting by mail was made available to all voters. B. Transportation to voting booths was made available to most voters. C. Online voting was made available to voters. D. Voters are invited by people in their communities to participate. E. Cash donations were made to local civic organizations.
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
49. (p. 13) The response of the American citizenry to Hurricane Sandy in 2012 provides evidence of which of the following? A. the lack of civic engagement among the youngest generations B. the pluralistic nature of the U.S. legislative process C. the inability of the U.S. government to encourage civic engagement among private citizens D. the decline of civic engagement in the United States E. the positive impact of technology on civic engagement
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50. (p. 13) Which of the following activities best exemplifies civic engagement, as opposed to an individual activity? A. helping a sibling with his homework B. toting used cans and newspapers to a recycling center C. staying late to help a coworker meet a deadline D. visiting one's grandfather at his nursing home E. doing extra research on a class assignment to get a better grade
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51. (p. 13) Which of the following measures would probably be LEAST conducive to increased political participation? A. allowing citizens to vote by mail B. allowing citizens to vote online C. requiring all voters to present a photo ID D. making Election Day a federal holiday E. having citizens invited by members of their communities to vote
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
52. (p. 13) Which of the following activities would be considered a form of civic engagement, though not a political activity? A. placing a vote in a city council election B. negotiating a higher salary from a potential employer C. wearing a pin endorsing a candidate for office D. joining a protest in front of City Hall E. organizing a food drive at a local church
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Essay Questions 53. The Internet has already made a mark on the American political process, and its impact may well continue to grow. Discuss the changes the Internet and other new communication technologies have already wrought. Have these changes been substantial or superficial? Are they for the better or for the worse? How have these technologies affected your own political engagement? Answers will vary.
54. Discuss the differences between civic life and private life. What qualities make an action or an issue civic instead of private? Is it possible to divorce private and civic life, or is the personal always political, and vice versa? Answers will vary.
55. Describe the various ways the demographic composition of the American public is changing. Be sure to address race, ethnicity, age, class, and sexual preference. How are these changes altering the face of the American public? Which of these changes will present the most challenges in the near or distant future? Answers will vary.
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
56. Explain the role that majorities, minorities, elites, and interest groups play in the American political system. Does the American political system adequately balance the rights of minorities with the rule of the majority? Does it afford the people sufficient voice in the government, or does it place too much power in the hands of the elite? Answers will vary.
57. Define liberal democracy. How did this ideology develop? What are its most important tenets? How well does the American political system of today match the ideal of a liberal democracy? Answers will vary.
58. Citizens in many states have expanded measures for participation in the law-making process. Define and distinguish between the direct initiative, indirect initiative, the popular referendum, the legislative referendum, and the recall. How do these advance democracy? In what ways could they potentially be abused? Answers will vary.
59. Describe and analyze elite theory and pluralism. In what ways do both help explain the nature and outcome of politics in the United States? Answers will vary.
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Chapter 01 - Citizenship in Our Changing Democracy
60. What were the key ideas about government put forth in John Locke's Second Treatise on Government? How do they apply in today's America? Answers will vary.
61. What are the main arguments of the Occupy Wall Street movement? To what extent are they supported by facts? How do Americans view the gap between the rich and the poor and what maintains it? Answers will vary.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
Chapter 02 The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 15) Over the last 20 or so years, constitutions around the world have A. been modeled primarily on the United States Constitution. B. provided more explicit protection of rights than does the United States Constitution. C. mostly stopped mentioning explicit guarantees of citizens. D. taken away any power of the judiciary to interpret the meaning of constitutions. E. contained provisions that make them very difficult to amend.
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2. (p. 15) The Bill of Rights contains explicit expression of the right to A. education. B. form unions. C. move freely. D. work. E. express one's beliefs.
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3. (p. 17) The American nation's experience with representative government dates back to the founding of the House of Burgesses in ________. A. 1619 B. 1651 C. 1689 D. 1763 E. 1775
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
4. (p. 17) The American nation's first representative government, the House of Burgesses, was established in A. Maryland. B. Massachusetts. C. Pennsylvania. D. Virginia. E. New York.
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5. (p. 18) The colony of Massachusetts was founded to A. give English Catholics a place to worship freely. B. provide a haven for religious freedom for all dissenting sects. C. create a society based on Puritan ideals, where competing religious ideals would not be tolerated. D. create a society that decisively separated church from state. E. create a society where Protestants of any sect could worship freely, though Catholicism would not be tolerated.
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6. (p. 18) Which of the following statements about the American colonial economy is LEAST accurate? A. The colonies could legally only receive manufactured goods that originated in or passed through England. B. The Crown viewed the colonies chiefly as suppliers of raw materials. C. Smuggling foreign goods into the colonies was common practice, tacitly accepted by many colonial governors. D. Throughout colonial history, the colonists funded their own defense and could not count on British forces for protection. E. The colonial legislatures' power of the purse gave them significant leverage over colonial governors.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
7. (p. 18-19) Which of the following statements about the early stages of the American Revolution is LEAST accurate? A. Tensions between the colonists and Parliament resulted largely from British attempts to have colonists help pay the expenses of the Seven Years' War. B. Colonists objected to Parliament's efforts to impose taxes on them. C. One of the forms that colonial resistance took during the Revolution was a boycott on British goods. D. When the First Continental Congress met in 1774, every state was represented by a delegation. E. Military conflict had already broken out over a year before the colonies declared their independence.
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8. (p. 19) In which colony did the Tea Party and the battles of Lexington and Concord occur? A. Massachusetts B. Virginia C. North Carolina D. Pennsylvania E. Georgia
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9. (p. 19) Which of the following statements about the colonies' decision to declare their independence is LEAST accurate? A. The final draft of the Declaration of Independence excised earlier comments that condemned the institution of slavery. B. The philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence relied heavily on ideas formulated by John Locke. C. The men who drafted and voted for the Declaration of Independence generally believed that the phrase "all men are created equal" applied only to men, and not to women. D. Thomas Paine's Common Sense, which was published the same year as the Declaration of Independence, played an important role in inspiring popular support for independence. E. During the American Revolution, the majority of American people expressed their clear and active backing of independence.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
10. (p. 19) The Declaration of Independence A. was written by the same man who wrote Common Sense. B. provided equal rights to both men and women. C. explicitly supported the institution of slavery. D. provides an extensive list of grievances against the English king. E. helped give courage to the Minutemen who fought at Lexington.
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11. (p. 20) Which of the following factors did NOT play a significant role in building support for replacing the Articles of Confederation with a different instrument of government? A. internal rebellion B. an oppressive national government C. unpaid debt D. economic turmoil E. the fears of influential state leaders
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12. (p. 20) The core problem with the Articles of Confederation is that this system of government A. levied onerous taxes on the American people. B. consolidated too much power in the hands of the national government. C. was based on the idea that each state was a sovereign entity. D. allowed a simple majority of states to impose its will on all others. E. created a chief executive who was not accountable to either the American people or their representatives.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
13. (p. 20) Under the Articles of Confederation A. the national government had no difficulty collecting taxes. B. each state was able to tax the goods of other states. C. interest rates were overall quite low. D. it was easy for businesses to get loans. E. intercolonial trade flourished.
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14. (p. 21) The 1787 constitutional convention in Philadelphia was originally convened for the express purpose of A. revising the Articles of Confederation. B. writing a new constitution. C. preventing insurrections such as Shays' Rebellion. D. negotiating comprehensive treaties with Native Americans. E. creating a lasting peace settlement with Britain.
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15. (p. 21) The Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the Constitution, included delegates from every state EXCEPT A. Rhode Island. B. New Jersey. C. Virginia. D. Connecticut. E. New Hampshire.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
16. (p. 21) Which of the following statements about the Constitutional Convention is MOST accurate? A. Working-class Americans and debtors were well represented at the Convention. B. Although most of the members of the Convention were white men, there was a small contingent of African Americans, as well as two women. C. Most of the delegates subscribed to a republican ethos that shunned deferential displays to the rich and powerful. D. The delegates worked in strict secrecy, deliberating—literally and figuratively—behind closed doors. E. In terms of political views and interests, the delegates were a homogeneous group who agreed on most particulars.
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17. (p. 21) The majority of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were A. farmers. B. craftsmen. C. bankers. D. merchantmen. E. lawyers.
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18. (p. 22) The Framers of the Constitution overcame internal squabbling by agreeing to the Great Compromise, which created a A. bicameral legislature in which seats in both houses would be proportionate to population. B. bicameral legislature in which the members of the lower house would be elected by the people and the members of the upper house would be chosen by the members of the lower house. C. bicameral legislature in which the right to originate money bills was reserved for the upper house. D. bicameral legislature, based on proportionate representation in one house and state-by-state voting in the other. E. unicameral legislature with equal representation among the states.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
19. (p. 22) Which of the following statements about regional tensions during the drafting of the Constitution is LEAST accurate? A. The delegates eventually agreed to count three-fifths of the enslaved population for purposes of representation and taxation. B. Although the South had by far the largest number of slaves, slavery was legal in every state at the time that the Constitution was written. C. In order to appease the Lower South, the Constitution prevented the government from banning the international slave trade for at least twenty years. D. Southern agriculturists managed to win a concession that the new government would have no power to tax exports. E. Northern interests wanted to ensure that the new government would have adequate power to regulate international commerce.
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20. (p. 23) Which of the following statements MOST accurately reflects the Constitution's explicit provision about voting rights at the time that it was drafted? A. Only white men with a certain amount of property could vote. B. All white men were allowed to vote. C. Men of any race who owned a certain amount of property could vote. D. Any citizen who owned a certain amount of property, regardless of race or color, could vote. E. State governments could establish their own requirements for voting.
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21. (p. 23) In order to be ratified, the Constitution would need the approval of A. at least five states. B. at least seven states. C. at least nine states. D. at least eleven states. E. all thirteen states.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
22. (p. 23) Which of the following is NOT one of the founding principles enshrined in the Constitution as it was originally written? A. federalism B. checks and balances C. human equality D. separation of powers E. liberal democracy
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23. (p. 24) The principle of separation of powers, particularly with regard to an independent judiciary, is primarily associated with the writings of which political philosopher? A. Voltaire B. Rousseau C. Thomas Hobbes D. Montesquieu E. John Stuart Mill
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24. (p. 24) As an example of its powers under checks and balances, the Supreme Court can A. declare laws unconstitutional. B. override a congressional declaration of war. C. appoint judges to lower federal courts. D. select the president when no candidate has a majority in the Electoral College. E. ratify proposed constitutional amendments.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
25. (p. 24) Congress has all of the following powers under the Constitution, EXCEPT this one: A. appoint federal judges. B. impeach the president. C. override presidential vetoes. D. declare war. E. propose constitutional amendments.
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26. (p. 24) Which of the following is NOT a power of the president? A. Call special sessions of Congress B. Grant pardons C. Veto bills D. Appoint federal judges E. Formally propose constitutional amendments
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27. (p. 24-25) This system is intended to prevent the arbitrary use of power and to give leaders sufficient time to forge consensus on divisive issues. A. separation of powers system B. checks and balances system C. spoils system D. civil service system E. None of these answers is correct.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
28. (p. 25) What is the fundamental concept behind federalism? A. Some powers belong to state governments; others belong to the national government. B. States retain their sovereignty and use the national government only as an arbiter. C. The federal government is sovereign and the states have no power except what the federal government grants them. D. There is one single system of national law, drafted by the federal government and administered by the states. E. Although the national government may make law, the state governments decide whether or not to follow it.
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29. (p. 25) When a state law and a federal law conflict, A. the Supreme Court must decide which is paramount. B. the federal law is paramount. C. the state law is paramount. D. the laws must be reconciled to a compromise law. E. both laws are null and void.
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30. (p. 25-26) Which of the following topics is NOT covered by Article I of the Constitution? A. the impeachment process B. congressional electoral procedures and qualifications C. powers that are denied to the states D. the role of political parties in the legislative process E. the origin of revenue bills
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
31. (p. 26) Which of the following is NOT covered by Article II of the Constitution? A. presidential qualifications B. circumstances under which the president can send troops abroad C. electoral methods for choosing the president D. the president's ability to negotiate treaties E. the succession of the vice president
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32. (p. 26) Which clause of the Constitution affirms that the federal government, in exercising any of the powers enumerated in the Constitution, must prevail over any conflicting or inconsistent state exercise of power? A. full faith and credit clause B. implied powers clause C. necessary and proper clause D. supremacy clause E. None of these answers is correct.
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33. (p. 26) Which article of the Constitution defines the amendment process? A. Article I B. Article IV C. Article V D. Article VI E. Article VII
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
34. (p. 26) Which article of the Constitution includes the supremacy clause? A. Article I B. Article IV C. Article V D. Article VI E. Article VII
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35. (p. 26) Which of the following issues is NOT covered in Article IV? A. the federal government's authority to protect citizens' civil liberties from actions of their state governments B. the responsibility of states to recognize each other's laws C. the responsibility of states to grant equal protection to citizens from other states D. the responsibility of states to extradite escaped criminals and slaves to the states from which they fled E. the guarantee that all states will have a republican form of government
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36. (p. 26-27) Which of the following was NOT among the concerns raised by Antifederalists about the new Constitution? A. the lack of a Bill of Rights B. the long Senate terms C. the weakness of the national government D. the creation of a national currency E. the presumption of the Framers, who had been tasked solely with amending the Articles of Confederation
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
37. (p. 27) Which of the following was NOT among the loci of early support for the ratification of the Constitution? A. commercial centers B. western territories C. land speculators D. plantation owners E. the larger states
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38. (p. 27) The Federalist was written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and A. James Madison. B. John Hancock. C. Patrick Henry. D. George Clinton. E. Thomas Jefferson.
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39. (p. 27) Despite its long-lasting national influence, The Federalist was originally written with the limited purpose of garnering support for the Constitution in A. Virginia. B. Pennsylvania. C. Massachusetts. D. New York. E. Rhode Island.
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Chapter 02 - The Constitution: The Foundation of Citizens' Rights
40. (p. 27-28) In order to get the Constitution ratified, the Federalists employed all of the following means EXCEPT for A. publishing a series of persuasive articles in the press. B. hinting to a prominent opponent that there would be a position for him in the new government. C. forcibly escorting Antifederalist delegates to a convention in order to obtain the necessary quorum. D. threatening the secession of New York City. E. sending mercenaries to besiege state ratifying conventions and ensure that the delegates voted for the Constitution.
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41. (p. 28) Which was the first state to ratify the Constitution? A. Rhode Island B. Delaware C. Virginia D. New York E. Massachusetts
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42. (p. 28) Which state did not ratify the Constitution until 1790, after the new government had already taken effect? A. Rhode Island B. Delaware C. Virginia D. New York E. Massachusetts
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
Chapter 06 Public Opinion
Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 121) In the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, a bill in the Senate to require background checks before purchasing guns at gun shows or over the Internet A. did not have the support of the majority of the American people. B. was strongly opposed by the National Rifle Association. C. passed in the Senate, but was defeated in the House. D. was opposed by all Republican senators. E. was opposed by President Obama because it did not also ban assault weapons.
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2. (p. 122) In the year after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, A. over 100 gun laws were passed around the country, most of which loosened restrictions. B. over 100 gun laws were passed around the country, most of which tightened restrictions. C. over 100 gun laws were passed around the country, about half of which loosened restrictions, while the other half tightened restrictions. D. support for gun control was much stronger in the House than it was in the Senate. E. Congress passed a law banning assault weapons and imposing universal background checks.
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
3. (p. 123) Which of the following statements BEST captures the Framers' attitude towards public opinion? A. Public opinion was the best guide to government policy. B. Public opinion was potentially dangerous, but must not be ignored. C. Government functioned best when its officials remained indifferent to public opinion. D. Government functioned best when common people had a variety of means to express their political opinions directly and frequently. E. Government functioned best when the common people combined in "factions" (or political parties) to lobby to put their public opinions into effect.
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4. (p. 124) Straw polls drew their information primarily from A. lists of experts, journalists, or subscribers to particular newspapers or consumer services. B. politicians working at the local level in city precincts or districts. C. individuals that considered themselves to be without strong political affiliation. D. voters that had just left the ballot box. E. members of specific racial or age groups.
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5. (p. 124) The key polling innovation introduced by George Gallup beginning in the 1930s and that was absent from the straw polls conducted by the Literary Digest in the 1920s was A. marketing research techniques. B. wide sampling. C. non-sampling census surveys. D. geographical breadth. E. asking questions of leading citizens.
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
6. (p. 124) Over the course of the history of the American republic, political polling has grown more A. informal. B. partisan. C. scientific. D. infrequent. E. imprecise.
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7. (p. 124-125) Which of the following cases BEST exemplifies the political concept of a life cycle effect? A. a generation that lived through a crippling depression exhibiting greater support for government intervention in the economy than their children, who lived in prosperous times B. a married couple that, after purchasing a house and giving birth to a child, begins to develop a more economically conservative viewpoint from what it had previously espoused C. an individual raised in a liberal household whose identification as a liberal increases steadily over time regardless of changes in personal circumstance D. recent college graduates whose political views are nearly identical to those of their parents E. a citizen raised as conservative whose political ideology is altered by a life-changing epiphany
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8. (p. 125) Which of the following examples BEST illustrates the political concept of a "cohort"? A. small children mimicking the political beliefs of their parents B. voters supporting particular candidates on the basis of shared race or ethnicity C. the tendency of men, taken as a group, to hold different views from women on key issues D. young adults whose political beliefs have more in common with those of other people their own age than with those of their parents E. citizens who combine their efforts in order to pressure lawmakers into pursuing particular policies
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
9. (p. 125) Among the various agents of political socialization, which one usually has the MOST significant and lasting impact on individual citizens? A. churches B. families C. peer groups D. the media E. schools
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10. (p. 125) When they become adults, children who were raised in politically active households A. tend to be indifferent to politics. B. demonstrate roughly the same level of political activity as people in their age group who were raised in non-political households. C. are usually more skeptical toward the claims of government officials than are other citizens. D. are more likely to volunteer their time for political causes than are most other citizens. E. are more apt to express disillusionment in the political process than are voters who have little exposure to political issues until young adulthood.
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11. (p. 125-126) Which of the following statements about the impact of education on American political beliefs is MOST accurate? A. Although black high school dropouts tend to be highly skeptical of the government, black college graduates are more likely than their white counterparts to hold a positive view of politics. B. By middle school, students in the United States tend to have been indoctrinated by their teachers with critical attitudes towards government and politics. C. In general, the less formal education young Americans receive, the more likely they are to trust political leaders. D. Race is less important than education in determining whether an individual's view of politics is positive or negative. E. Generally speaking, the American education system is designed with the hope of enacting the nation's ideals of egalitarianism.
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
12. (p. 126) Members of which of the following religious groups are MOST likely to vote for Republican candidates? A. Jews B. Catholics C. Episcopalians D. Presbyterians E. Pentecostals
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13. (p. 126) Which of the following statements about religion and American politics is LEAST accurate? A. Members of evangelical churches tend to vote for the Republican Party. B. Persons who do not affiliate themselves with any church are more likely to identify themselves as Democrats than as Republicans. C. With regard to race, churches are among the most highly integrated institutions in the country. D. Compared to most of the rest of the Western world, the American people exhibit a strong degree of religious faith. E. Jews and Latino Catholics generally throw their support behind the Democratic Party.
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14. (p. 126) Which of the following is LEAST likely to vote Democrat? A. a Jew B. a black Protestant C. a mainline Protestant D. a Mormon E. an agnostic
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
15. (p. 126) Which of the following religious groups is MOST likely to vote for the Democratic Party? A. Jews B. Episcopalians C. Presbyterians D. Seventh-Day Adventists E. Pentecostals
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16. (p. 127) Which of the following agents of political socialization generally have the least, or the least clear, influence on developing citizens' political views? A. religious institutions and the media B. the media and voluntary organizations C. religious institutions and schools D. voluntary organizations and families E. the media and schools
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17. (p. 127) Which of the following statements about the relationship between media and political beliefs is MOST accurate? A. The proliferation of media outlets on cable and the Internet has made voters less likely to rely primarily on news sources that reinforce their existing political beliefs. B. Television entertainment and television news both tend to portray government and political officials in a negative light. C. Research has shown that voters who get their news primarily from television are generally as well informed as those who regularly read newspapers. D. Most political scientists agree that media coverage plays a decisive role in shaping and reshaping voters' political views. E. There is little evidence to suggest that media portrayals of complicated issues such as politics and race have any impact on citizens' attitudes.
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
18. (p. 128) The average African American voter would be LEAST likely to support which of the following measures? A. lower taxes for wealthy people B. a national health care system C. government intervention to protect civil rights D. government aid to the poor E. race-based hiring quotas
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19. (p. 128) The "gender gap" in American politics was first noticed in A. the 1960 presidential election between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon. B. the 1968 presidential election between Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey. C. the 1980 presidential election between Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter. D. the 1992 presidential election between Bill Clinton and George H. W. Bush. E. the 2008 presidential election between Barack Obama and John McCain.
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20. (p. 129) On average, women are more likely to favor _________ than men are. A. building more nuclear power plants B. the death penalty C. offshore drilling for oil D. more government spending on health care E. more permissive gun laws
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
21. (p. 129) Generally speaking, female citizens A. have, since they were first guaranteed suffrage, shown markedly different voting patterns from their male counterparts. B. participate more actively in political causes than men do. C. are more likely to support the death penalty and other potential deterrents of crime. D. back government-based social welfare programs more strongly than male citizens do. E. tend to be most active in politics in states where there are few women in high government offices to protect their interests.
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22. (p. 129) Men are more likely than women to A. favor the death penalty for murderers. B. support stricter gun control laws. C. believe that the government should provide health care for the sick. D. think the government should provide more services for citizens. E. think the government spends too much money on the military.
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23. (p. 129) Women exhibit less interest in and engagement with politics than their male counterparts; the exception to this pattern occurs A. during elections that involve a war or foreign military engagement issue. B. in states having a female U.S. senator or a female governor. C. during elections that involve abortion. D. in states of the northeast part of the country. E. during presidential elections.
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
24. (p. 129) Given the general trends of political views and geography, you would expect to find the highest percentage of conservative Republicans in which of the following states? A. Colorado B. Oregon C. Pennsylvania D. Mississippi E. New York
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25. (p. 129) The citizens of which of the following states would be MOST likely to express strong admiration for American military leaders? A. California B. Vermont C. Connecticut D. Michigan E. Georgia
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26. (p. 131) In studying the dimensions of public opinion, what does the term "direction" refer to? A. the evolution of an individual's ideology over time B. the majority's change in ideological leaning over time C. an individual's preference with respect to a particular issue D. the degree to which a candidate's message can change an individual's issue opinion E. the degree to which an individual is willing to learn and accept new information on an issue about which the individual already has a strong opinion
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
27. (p. 131) In the field of political polling, the relative importance that an individual ascribes to a particular issue is known as A. direction. B. salience. C. intensity. D. stability. E. informational support.
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28. (p. 131) One would expect to find the lowest degree of stability in citizens' political views regarding which of the following issues? A. the death penalty B. the role of religion in schools C. race-based quota systems D. foreign policy E. taxation
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29. (p. 131) At the onset of an electoral contest, a campaign usually checks the public's knowledge of its candidate by means of A. an exit poll. B. a benchmark survey. C. a trial heat survey. D. a tracking poll. E. a push poll.
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
30. (p. 131) The most current information about candidates in an election is obtained from a(n) A. push poll. B. sampling poll. C. tracking poll. D. benchmark survey. E. trial heat survey.
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31. (p. 131) Which of the following tools is less a means of gauging public opinion than a negative campaigning technique? A. deliberative polls B. straw polls C. trial heat surveys D. exit polls E. push polls
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32. (p. 131) Which of the following questions would be MOST indicative of a push poll? A. "Do you agree with Candidate X's stance on abortion?" B. "Are you familiar with Candidate X's voting record on support for Israel?" C. "Do you plan to vote for Candidate X in the upcoming election?" D. "What do you consider to be Candidate X's most attractive qualities?" E. "Would you vote for Candidate X after learning that he'd engaged in an extramarital affair?"
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
33. (p. 132) In a national presidential preference poll, the sample is likely to include how many respondents? A. between 1,000 and 1,200 B. between 10,000 and 12,000 C. up to 1,000 D. around 20,000 E. the average number of respondents will depend on the nature and intensity of the presidential contest
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34. (p. 132) Systematic sampling differs from simple random sampling in that it A. excludes the element of randomness from the polling process. B. gives each American an equally likely chance of being interviewed. C. combines random selections with predetermined sequencing. D. interviews tens of thousands of respondents to eliminate bias. E. incorporates probability sampling into its procedure.
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35. (p. 134) A growing number of people—especially young people—no longer have A. PDAs. B. computers. C. landline phones. D. cell phones. E. MP3 players.
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
36. (p. 135) Which of the following attributes correlates MOST strongly with political knowledge? A. education B. age C. ethnicity D. wealth E. profession
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37. (p. 135) Which of the following statements about Americans' political knowledge is LEAST accurate? A. Americans are best informed about issues in which they feel they have a high personal stake. B. Older Americans tend to be more knowledgeable about politics than younger ones. C. Most Americans have only limited knowledge about world affairs that do not affect their country directly. D. Americans are more likely to be familiar with the functions of political offices than the names of the persons currently occupying those offices. E. Over the past twenty years, Americans' political knowledge has evidenced a steep and troubling decline.
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38. (p. 136-137) Which of the following statements about trust and confidence among Americans is MOST accurate? A. Young Americans show a stronger degree of trust in their fellow countrymen than any generation since the 1950s. B. The current level of political cynicism in the United States is unique among industrialized nations. C. In the 1980s and 1990s, American trust in government returned to its pre-1960s levels. D. Declines in trust and confidence in government seem to have contributed to a decline in volunteerism. E. While Americans have lost confidence in the Supreme Court and the presidency, their confidence in Congress has remained strong.
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Chapter 06 - Public Opinion
39. (p. 136-137) Which of the following is true of the American decline in trust in government or trust in general? A. The period following the 9/11 attacks brought about the greatest decline in trust in government in the past 50 years. B. Trust in government rose slightly during the first decade of the twenty-first century, but rose sharply during the early years of the 2010s. C. Declining trust in government cuts across all demographic groups and ages. D. Declining trust in government is more pronounced in the younger generations than in older generations. E. Younger generations are growing more trustful of other individuals in general.
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40. (p. 137) Overall, Americans A. have less confidence in Congress than they do in the presidency. B. have less confidence in the Supreme Court than they do in Congress. C. have more confidence in Congress than they do in the Supreme Court. D. have about the same degree of confidence in all three branches of government. E. None of these answers is correct.
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41. (p. 138-139) One would expect support for anti-pornography statutes to be strongest among A. conservatives and libertarians. B. conservatives and populists. C. conservatives and liberals. D. liberals and libertarians. E. libertarians and populists.
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