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Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood 6th Edition, A Cultural Approach by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett; Jeffrey Jensen Arnett

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Introduction CHAPTER 2: Biological Foundations CHAPTER 3: Cognitive Foundations CHAPTER 4: Cultural Beliefs CHAPTER 5: Gender CHAPTER 6: The Self CHAPTER 7: Family Relationships CHAPTER 8: Friends and Peers CHAPTER 9: Love and Sexuality CHAPTER 10: School CHAPTER 11: Work CHAPTER 12: Media CHAPTER 13: Problems and Resilience

TOTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDE

Chapter 1 Introduction

Topic

Remember the Facts 3, 10-11, 1314 79-84

Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History From Adolescence t Emerging Adulthood

Multiple Choice

The Transition to Adulthood

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

37, 39, 41 85-87

Multiple Choice

54, 58-59, 6163

The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Methods and Designs in Research

Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Other Themes of the Text

True/False Short Essay Multiple Choice

19, 22, 25-26

Understand the Concepts 2, 5, 8-9 93 15, 18, 20, 24, 29, 32-35

Apply What You Know +++++

Analyze It 4, 6

16-17, 21, 23, 27-28, 30-31

True/False Short Essay

42-44, 46-47

40 88 94 45

36, 38 48

True/False Short Essay

53, 56

51, 57, 60, 64

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

67-68 89-91

65-66

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

69-71, 78 92

73, 75-77

72, 74 97

49-50, 52, 55

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank TB_01_01_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Apply_1.1 Suppose you are a 9-year-old boy under Plato's tutelage. What would you most likely be studying? a. b. c. d.

philosophy and Greek art sports and music geography and history math and science

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 3 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe how views of adolescence changed in the West from ancient Greece through medieval times. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. sports and music TB_01_02_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Understand_1.1 Plato, Aristotle, and Saint Augustine all described adolescence as a period that focuses on the struggle between a. b. c. d.

reason and passion. math and science. storm and stress. individualism and globalization.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 4 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe how views of adolescence changed in the West from ancient Greece through medieval times. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. reason and passion. TB_01_03_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Remember_1.1 The Children’s Crusade in the Middle Ages was composed mostly of a. b. c. d.

children younger than 10 but older than 7. mothers and infants who had been abandoned by their husbands/fathers. young people in their teens, including university students. emerging adults and young adults who had already learned a career skill. 2

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 4 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe how views of adolescence changed in the West from ancient Greece through medieval times. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. young people in their teens, including university students. TB_01_04_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Analyze_1.2 Life-cycle service in the U.S. faded during the 18th and 19th centuries because a. b. c. d.

collectivism was on the rise and individualism was faltering. the plague killed most eligible workers. people were having fewer children in both major cities and rural areas. the economy became more industrialized and less based in farming.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 5 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain what life-cycle service involves and specify when it was most common. Skill: Analyze It Answer: d. the economy became more industrialized and less based in farming. TB_01_05_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Understand_1.2 Social control institutions such as the YMCA developed in the 1800s as a response to a. b. c. d.

increased rates of social problems among young people. the beginning of the child study movement. increased individualism among youths. growing urbanization.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 5 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain what life-cycle service involves and specify when it was most common. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. increased rates of social problems among young people.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank TB_01_06_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Analyze_1.2 In the 1800s, an increase in social problems among young people may have been due in part to a. b. c. d.

reduced family ties among people living in cities. the advent of social agencies such as the YWCA. a decrease in school attendance. an increase in agricultural industry.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 5 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain what life-cycle service involves and specify when it was most common. Skill: Analyze It Answer: a. reduced family ties among people living in cities. TB_01_07_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Apply_1.3 Imagine you are a 13-year-old boy living in the United States in 1902. You most likely would be a. b. c. d.

going to secondary school. attending college. working in a coal mine, factory, or other industrial work. raising a family.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 7 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: c. working in a coal mine, factory, or other industrial work. TB_01_08_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Understand_1.3 One of the important changes in Western countries, which began to define the "Age of Adolescence," was a. the implementation of child labor laws. b. the advent of social control agencies. c. the teachings of Plato and Aristotle. 4

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. increasing industrialization. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 7 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. the implementation of child labor laws. TB_01_09_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Understand_1.3 New requirements for children to attend secondary school were crucial in establishing the characteristics of a. b. c. d.

child labor laws. life-cycle service. modern adolescence. emerging adulthood.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 5 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. modern adolescence. TB_01_10_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Remember_1.3 Every day in the media we see, read, and hear about countries becoming more industrialized. We refer to these countries as a. b. c. d.

developing. the West. individualized. majority cultures.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 6 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Remember the Facts 5 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Answer: a. developing. TB_01_11_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Remember_1.3 The term "socioeconomic status" is often used to refer to a person's a. b. c. d.

social class. geographical area. economies of scale. majority culture.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 6 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. social class. TB_01_12_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Apply_1.3 Leanne's father is a criminal lawyer and her mother is a surgeon. They live in an urban neighborhood with a diversity of cultures. The family has extensive financial resources and enjoys many luxuries that others cannot afford. Leanne would be considered a. b. c. d.

high SES. middle class. low SES. spoiled.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 6 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. high SES. TB_01_13_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Remember_1.3 G. Stanley Hall is credited as the initiator of the a. inventionist movement. 6

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank b. child labor laws. c. social control agencies. d. study of adolescence as a distinct field. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 7 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. study of adolescence as a distinct field. TB_01_14_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Remember_1.3 Margaret Mead's ethnographic research challenged Hall's claim that adolescent "storm and stress" has a universal biological basis. Mead's finding is based upon which of the following? a. Many youth in non-Western cultures that she studied had neither a stormy nor a stressful adolescence. b. Many American youth she studied went through adolescence with a minimum of turmoil. c. Few of the American youth she studied experienced transitional turmoil and stress. d. Many youth in non-Western cultures that she studied experienced transitional turmoil and stress. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 8, 23 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. Many youth in non-Western cultures that she studied had neither a stormy nor a stressful adolescence. TB_01_15_ Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Understand_1.3 With regard to the notion of "storm and stress" first coined by G. Stanley Hall, a modern psychologist is most likely to believe a. completely in Hall's definition of storm and stress. b. that storm and stress is derived entirely from peer pressure. c. a "modified" version of storm and stress. 7 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. that storm and stress is purely biological. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 9 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. a "modified" version of storm and stress. TB_01_16_Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Apply_1.3 Jason is a well-adjusted, happy adolescent. According to Anna Freud, Jason has a. b. c. d.

become a productive member of society. built up excessive defenses against his own drives and desires. accumulated past experiences and uses them to calm himself. overcome the stereotype of storm and stress in his life.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 9 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. built up excessive defenses against his own drives and desires. TB_01_17_Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Apply_1.3 A teacher who believes that adolescents experience ongoing turmoil and mood swings has beliefs similar to those of a. b. c. d.

M. Mead. B. Whiting. D. Davis. A. Freud.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

TB_01_18_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Understand_1.4 Adolescence is generally viewed as beginning with the a. b. c. d.

first signs of pubertal changes. transition from elementary to high school. thirteenth birthday. attainment of an integrated identity.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 11 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. first signs of pubertal changes. TB_01_19_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.4 Which of the following studies on adolescents and emerging adults is a large-scale survey with a focus on drug use, as well as on peer relations and educational goals? a. b. c. d.

Monitoring the Future Harvard Adolescence Project Davis Adolescent Survey Youth Ethnography Initiative

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 10 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. Monitoring the Future TB_01_20_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Understand_1.4 When conducting survey research, why would one need to make sure the sample is "stratified"? a. because a random sampling is problematic in this case b. to correspond properly to ethnographic research c. as a symbol of quantitative investigations 9 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. to represent categories of people in proportion to their presence in the population Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 10 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. to represent categories of people in proportion to their presence in the population TB_01_21_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Apply_1.4 Phoenix, a research assistant, is going to "draw names out of a hat" to select research participants for his study. Phoenix would be a. b. c. d.

choosing a random sample. circumventing the proper protocol. stratifying the sample. doing a qualitative research study.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 10 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. choosing a random sample. TB_01_22_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.4 When G. Stanley Hall defined adolescence, he felt it applied to young people aged a. b. c. d.

5 through 15. 10 through 18. 13 to 15 through 24. 16 through 30

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 11 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. 10

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. 13 to 15 through 24. TB_01_23_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Apply_1.4 Helen is 10 years old. According to the modern conception of adolescence, Helen would be considered a. b. c. d.

a child. an early adolescent. a young person. an emerging adult.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 11 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. an early adolescent. TB_01_24_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Understand_1.5 Which statement best characterizes the main difference between adolescence and emerging adulthood? a. b. c. d.

Adolescents are more independent of their families. Emerging adults are prone to flights of fancy. Adolescents are more likely to be in long-term relationships. Emerging adults are more independent of their parents.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 11 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. Emerging adults are more independent of their parents. TB_01_25_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.5 According to the text, there are five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods. Which characteristic does NOT describe emerging adulthood? 11 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank a. b. c. d.

engaging in identity exploration an increased sense of stability being self-focused having many possibilities and a sense of optimism

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 11 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. an increased sense of stability TB_01_26_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.5 Emerging adulthood is a phenomenon that exists mainly in ________ countries. a. b. c. d.

third world industrialized socialist global

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 11 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. industrialized TB_01_27_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Apply_1.5 Cory is a 20-year-old woman who is not sure about leaving home, about going to college, or about dating Mike. Cory would be considered in a stage of a. b. c. d.

storm and stress. exploration. individualism. adolescence.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 11-12 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. exploration. 12

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

TB_01_28_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Apply_1.5 For emerging adults, the age of identity explorations is best described by what following scenario? a. b. c. d.

do.

Celeste still feels like a kid but wants her parents to treat her like a grown-up. Tony is exploring love and work choices as he decides what he wants to do. Brian has always known he wants to be a small business owner. Peggy moved to eight different apartments with different roommates in two years.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 12 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. Tony is exploring love and work choices as he decides what he wants to

TB_01_29_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Understand_1.5 The goal of being self-focused in emerging adulthood is to a. b. c. d.

create a permanent state as individuals enter adulthood. learn to stand alone as a self-sufficient person in adulthood. continue feeling in-between adolescence and adulthood. allow adolescents an opportunity to experience adult life in brief episodes.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 12 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. learn to stand alone as a self-sufficient person in adulthood. TB_01_30_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Apply_1.5 Which scenario best summarizes the ambiguity felt by emerging adults? a. Tim feels like he never wants to grow up. b. Kari doesn't know what to wear to school today. c. Mallory feels in-between—not quite an adolescent, but not quite an adult. 13 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. Logan wants to know what life was like for his parents. Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 12 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: c. Mallory feels in-between—not quite an adolescent, but not quite an adult. TB_01_31_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Apply_1.5 When asked about his hopes and expectations for the future, Steve, a 22-year-old American man, would MOST likely agree with the statement a. "I am confident that eventually I will get what I want out of life." b. "My education will directly impact whether I will work in a dreary, dead-end job." c. "Knowing 50% of marriages end in divorce, I'm not sure I will have a happy marriage." d. "I am sure that I will be married by the time I'm 28 years old." Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 13 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. "I am confident that eventually I will get what I want out of life." TB_01_32_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Understand_1.5 According to the text, which statement best characterizes emerging adulthood as the age of possibilities? a. This timeframe is viewed as beginning with the first noticeable changes of puberty. b. One feature of this age is emerging adults' reliance on parents' decisions. c. Typically, emerging adults have left their families of origin but not yet committed to new relationships. d. Most emerging adults face dreary, dead-end jobs, bitter divorces, and disappointment. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 13 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood 14

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. Typically, emerging adults have left their families of origin but not yet committed to new relationships. TB_01_33_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Understand_1.5 Emerging adulthood only exists in cultures where young people are allowed to a. b. c. d.

postpone entering adult roles. date beginning in early adolescence. drink alcohol. attend college for free.

reverting to childlike behaviors. finding careers early in life. never getting married or having children. entering the emerging adulthood period.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 13 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. entering the emerging adulthood period. TB_01_35_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Understand_1.5 Which statement concerning the developmental period known as emerging adulthood is most accurate? a. Most adolescents do not move through the emerging adulthood period. 15 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank b. It is a period of possibilities marked by exploration. c. Emerging adulthood is a period reserved for children with high SES. d. It is best described in terms of Hall's theory of storm and stress. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 13 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. It is a period of possibilities marked by exploration. TB_01_36_The Transition to Adulthood_Apply_1.6 Nineteen-year-old William believes that he "became an adult" when he got a job, moved out of his parents' house, and became responsible for "paying his way" and making his own life decisions. William's definition of adulthood best reflects the a. b. c. d.

inexperience of youth. legacy of the industrial revolution. interdependent values of Western society. values of individualism.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 15 Topic: The Transition to Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.6 Identify the three markers of adulthood that are the most common across cultures. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: d. values of individualism. TB_01_37_The Transition to Adulthood_Remember_1.6 Learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person without relying on anyone else is considered a. b. c. d.

collectivism. individualism. interdependence. correlation.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 15 Topic: The Transition to Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.6 Identify the three markers of adulthood that are the most 16

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank common across cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. individualism. TB_01_38_The Transition to Adulthood_Apply_1.7 How would Eva (a young emerging adult from Argentina) differ in her criteria for adulthood from either Adrian (a young American), Mara (an Israeli girl), or Twan (a young South Korean boy)? Unlike the others, Eva knows a. b. c. d.

accepting responsibility is a key criterion of adulthood. that being able to support a family financially is important. completing military service is an important sign of adulthood. when she becomes an adult she will support her parents financially.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 15 Topic: The Transition to Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across cultures. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. that being able to support a family financially is important. TB_01_39_The Transition to Adulthood_Remember_1.7 According to anthropological research, in most traditional, non-Western cultures, a person attains adult status with a. b. c. d.

employment. the completion of post-secondary education. marriage. the completion of military service.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 16 Topic: The Transition to Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. marriage. TB_01_40_The Transition to Adulthood_Understand_1.7 17 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank The view that marriage is the key transition to adulthood is characteristic of a. b. c. d.

cultures that value interdependence more than independence. people raised in large families. cultures that face economic hardship. individuals who engaged in early dating behavior as adolescents.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 16 Topic: The Transition to Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across cultures. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. cultures that value interdependence more than independence. TB_01_41_The Transition to Adulthood_Remember_1.7 Which statement best reflects conclusions about traditional cultures based on anthropologists' observations? A person is considered an adult a. b. c. d.

when old enough to vote. after marriage. with the development of self-control. after finishing college.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 16 Topic: The Transition to Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. after marriage. TB_01_42_The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.8 In the scientific method, the sample is meant to represent the a. b. c. d.

population. hypothesis. method. researcher.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 19 18

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. population. TB_01_43_The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.8 When scholars who study adolescents and emerging adults select a sample of the population to study, the most important consideration is that the sample a. b. c. d.

is representative of the population they are interested in. is small enough to study in a reasonable time frame. also contains people they are not interested in studying. be selected using a computer-generated random number table.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 19 Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. is representative of the population they are interested in. TB_01_44_The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.8 The procedure of a research study refers to the a. b. c. d.

legal obligations that must be followed. selection of a representative sample. way the study is conducted and the data are collected. choice of quantitative or qualitative techniques.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 19 Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. way the study is conducted and the data are collected. TB_01_45_The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood_Understand_1.8 Which statement most accurately represents the relationship between theory and research? 19 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank a. Theory exclusively drives research; all research is based on established theory. b. Research never initiates theory; sound theory arises from new discoveries. c. A theory generates hypotheses that can be tested in research, which modifies theory, which leads to further research. d. Theory and research arise separately; scholars of theory rarely enter the realm of research. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 20 Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. A theory generates hypotheses that can be tested in research, which modifies theory, which leads to further research. TB_01_46_The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.9 Consent forms typically do NOT include a. b. c. d.

information on the purpose of the study. a statement that participation is voluntary. information on potential risks and benefits. the results of previous studies on similar topics.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 21 Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the process that requires that research on adolescents must be done within ethical guidelines. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. the results of previous studies on similar topics. TB_01_47_The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.9 In a research study, appropriate procedure usually requires the consent of a parent or guardian a. b. c. d.

for adolescents 12 and under. for emerging adults who still live with their parents. for adolescents under age 18. only if the study is conducted in a public school.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 21 20

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the process that requires that research on adolescents must be done within ethical guidelines. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. for adolescents under age 18. TB_01_48_The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood_Apply_1.9 Seema is conducting a study of how adolescents spend their time and wants to collect unbiased data. Which of the following should she NOT do? a. b. c. d.

Phrase questions in a way that leads to a desired answer. Ensure that participants' responses are confidential. Present participants with a consent form before they participate. Allow participants to withdraw from the study if they want to.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 20-21 Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the process that requires that research on adolescents must be done within ethical guidelines. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. Phrase questions in a way that leads to a desired answer. TB_01_49_Methods and Designs in Research_Analyze_1.10 An advantage of questionnaires with a closed question format is that they a. b. c. d.

are easier for the participants to understand. facilitate data collection and analysis with large samples. are found to have a high degree of validity. allow for participants' unique responses.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 21 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Analyze It Answer: b. facilitate data collection and analysis with large samples. TB_01_50_Methods and Designs in Research_Analyze_1.10 21 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank One limitation of research questionnaires is that a. b. c. d.

these measures may not capture the complexity of the issues being investigated. such measures cannot be analyzed efficiently. paper and pencil measures are expensive to administer. these measures cannot be used in a controlled setting.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 22 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Analyze It Answer: a. these measures may not capture the complexity of the issues being investigated. TB_01_51_Methods and Designs in Research_Apply_1.10 Beryl, a researcher studying adolescents' friendships, wants to understand her research participants' unique lives in-depth and from their own perspectives. The best choice of method would be a. b. c. d.

experience sampling method. interviews. questionnaires. observations.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 22 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. interviews. TB_01_52_Methods and Designs in Research_Analyze_1.10 One of the reasons that more research studies are conducted using questionnaires than using interviews is that a. b. c. d.

questionnaires are more valid than interviews. interviews are not as reliable as questionnaires. coding interview data takes considerable time, effort, and money. questionnaire data is the most likely to be generalizable. 22

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 22 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Analyze It Answer: c. coding interview data takes considerable time, effort, and money. TB_01_53_Methods and Designs in Research_Understand_1.10 Living among and observing the people being studied is most closely associated with which of the following research methods? a. b. c. d.

biological measurement ethnographic research interview method experience sampling

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 22 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. ethnographic research TB_01_54_Methods and Designs in Research_Remember_1.10 The first ethnography on adolescence was written by a. b. c. d.

G. Stanley Hall. J. M. Tanner. Margaret Mead. Erik Erikson.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 23 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. Margaret Mead. 23 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

TB_01_55_Methods and Designs in Research_Analyze_1.10 The main disadvantage of the case study method of research is that it is a. b. c. d.

not very rich in details. tough to use in mental health settings. difficult to generalize the results. limited to one person per study.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 23 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Analyze It Answer: c. it is difficult to generalize the results. TB_01_56_Methods and Designs in Research_Understand_1.10 What is the simplest form of experimental research? a. b. c. d.

a double blind study focusing on a placebo interviewing three people to develop case study data having young people keep daily records at random times during the day collecting data from two groups—control and experimental

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 24 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. collecting data from two groups—control and experimental. TB_01_57_Methods and Designs in Research_Apply_1.10 According to the text, another area of adolescent research for which the experimental research method is commonly used is interventions. Which scenario best describes an intervention? a. people spending a considerable amount of time among the people they wish to study b. designing a program to promote critical thinking to help teens stop smoking 24

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank c. measuring biological changes like timing and pacing of different aspects of physical development during puberty d. having young people wear watches with beepers to help them record a variety of a. experiences at random times during the day Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 24 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. designing a program to promote critical thinking to help teens stop smoking. TB_01_58_Methods and Designs in Research_Remember_1.10 Twin studies are a kind of a a. b. c. d.

peer-review. microsystem. causation. natural experiment.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 24 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. natural experiment. TB_01_59_Methods and Designs in Research_Remember_1.11 The truthfulness of a measure best defines which of the following concepts? a. b. c. d.

validity reliability generalizability recapitulation

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 25 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.11 Define reliability and validity, and indicate which is easier 25 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank to establish and why. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. validity TB_01_60_Methods and Designs in Research_Apply_1.11 Mark has constructed a test to measure adolescents' creativity. After administering the test many times with different groups of adolescents, Mark found that the test consistently measured adolescents' ability to solve math problems. This test is a. b. c. d.

valid, but not reliable. neither valid nor reliable. neither generalizable nor valid. reliable, but not valid.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 25 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.11 Define reliability and validity, and indicate which is easier to establish and why. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: d. reliable, but not valid. TB_01_61_Methods and Designs in Research_Remember_1.12 Which type of research involves collecting data from a sample of people on a single occasion, with the goal of examining those data for relationships between variables in the data, based on the hypotheses of the study? a. b. c. d.

longitudinal protocols cross-sectional designs. correlational studies case studies

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 26 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.12 Explain the difference between a cross-sectional and a longitudinal research design. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. cross-sectional designs. TB_01_62_Methods and Designs in Research_Remember_1.12 26

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

A statistical relationship between two variables that cannot be used to determine causeand-effect relationships is called a(n) a. b. c. d.

sample. theory. hypothesis. correlation.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 26 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.12 Explain the difference between a cross-sectional and a longitudinal research design. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. correlation TB_01_63_Methods and Designs in Research_Remember_1.12 Most longitudinal research studies take place for about a. b. c. d.

a year or less. one to two years. two to four years. five or more years.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 26 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.12 Explain the difference between a cross-sectional and a longitudinal research design. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. a year or less TB_01_64_Methods and Designs in Research_Apply_1.12 Dr. Goldsmith is conducting a study where the same participants will be assessed repeatedly, every 12 months, over a 10-year period. This is an example of ________ research. a. b. c. d.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 26 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.12 Explain the difference between a cross-sectional and a longitudinal research design. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: d. longitudinal TB_01_65_Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview_Understand_1.13 In order to gain a complete understanding of adolescent development, it is vital that researchers be aware of different lives, customs and ideas across cultures. This idea reflects the a. b. c. d.

individual approach. Western approach. cultural approach. ethnocentric approach.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 27 Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Learning Objective: 1.13 (Introduction) Name the main challenges facing African adolescents in the 21st century, and identify positive cultural traditions and recent trends. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. cultural approach. TB_01_66_Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview_Understand_1.13 African cultures have strengths in their tradition of a. b. c. d.

independence. small families. familial conflict. large families.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 28 Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Learning Objective: 1.13 Name the main challenges facing African adolescents in the 21st century, and identify positive cultural traditions and recent trends. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. large families. 28

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

TB_01_67_Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview_Remember_1.14 Discussion of family rules in Muslim families is a. b. c. d.

encouraged. decreasing. overlooked. uncommon.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 28 Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Learning Objective: 1.14 Explain how Islam structures development for adolescents in North Africa and the Middle East. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. uncommon. TB_01_68_Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview_Remember_1.16 A distinctive feature of Indian culture is a. b. c. d.

Confucianism. filial piety. the high literacy rates. the caste system.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 29 Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Learning Objective: 1.16 Identify the main challenges for Indian adolescents in the 21st century. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. the caste system. TB_01_69_Other Themes of the Text_Remember_1.19 According to your text, most scholars who study adolescence today work in the discipline of a. medicine. b. sociology. c. education. 29 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. psychology. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 31 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.19 Describe the disciplines that contribute to a complete understanding of adolescence and emerging adulthood. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. psychology. TB_01_70_Other Themes of the Text_Remember_1.19 The view that the boundaries between academic fields of study are essentially artificial reflects an ________ approach. a. b. c. d.

individualistic interdisciplinary emergent interdependent

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 31 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.19 Describe the disciplines that contribute to a complete understanding of adolescence and emerging adulthood. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. interdisciplinary TB_01_71_Other Themes of the Text_Remember_1.20 According to research, differences in cultural expectations related to gender generally become more pronounced a. b. c. d.

with immigration. at about six years of age. with marriage. at puberty.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 32 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.20 Explain why gender issues are especially prominent in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and summarize the range of gender 30

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank expectations for adolescents in different cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. at puberty. TB_01_72_Other Themes of the Text_Apply_1.20 Corbin is a front desk receptionist at a law firm. His career choice best reflects a. b. c. d.

a departure from the gender-specific expectations of the West. the availability of vocational training. a decision to follow cultural norms. an inability to "fit in."

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 32 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.20 Explain why gender issues are especially prominent in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and summarize the range of gender expectations for adolescents in different cultures. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. a departure from the gender-specific expectations of the West. TB_01_73_Other Themes of the Text_Understand_1.20 Which statement most accurately represents expectations for males and females across cultures? a. Cultural differences in gender expectations are minimal; most differences center on socioeconomic status. b. All cultures have traditional male and female roles; gender expectations do not change over time. c. In some cultures role expectations for males and females are the same; males and females share equal opportunities. d. All cultures have different expectations for males and females, but the degree of the differences varies greatly across cultures. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 32 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.20 Explain why gender issues are especially prominent in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and summarize the range of gender expectations for adolescents in different cultures. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. All cultures have different expectations for males and females, but the 31 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank degree of the differences varies greatly across cultures. TB_01_74_Other Themes of the Text_Apply_1.20 In the majority of Western cultures today, many men and women make the same career choices and wear similar fashions. This is evidence that a. b. c. d.

differences in gender expectations for males and females are deeply entrenched. differences in gender expectations for males and females are somewhat blurred. family values are disintegrating. globalization is introducing non-Western ideas into Western culture.

Cultural beliefs are becoming more distinct. The world is becoming smaller and more diverse. The world is becoming smaller and people more similar. Economic disparity is becoming less pronounced.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 32 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain why it is important to account for globalization in understanding adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. The world is becoming smaller and people more similar. TB_01_76_Other Themes of the Text_Understand_1.21 The idea that young people around the world are increasingly experiencing similar environments is most closely associated with which of the following concepts? 32

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

a. b. c. d.

individualism recapitulation globalization contextualization

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 32 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain why it is important to account for globalization in understanding adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. globalization. TB_01_77_Other Themes of the Text_Understand_1.21 "Kids on the streets of Tokyo have more in common with kids on the streets of London than they do with their parents." This statement best reflects the belief that a. b. c. d.

runaway youths face distinct geographical challenges. watching television adversely affects adolescents regardless of where they live. the lives of adolescents are being affected by globalization. adolescents have not changed throughout history.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 32 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain why it is important to account for globalization in understanding adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. the lives of adolescents are being affected by globalization. TB_01_78_Other Themes of the Text_Remember_1.21 Which of the following terms do scholars use to refer to the environmental settings in which development takes place? a. b. c. d.

Life space Milieu Habitat Context

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain why it is important to account for globalization in understanding adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. Context True/False TB_01_79_Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Remember_1.3 The term traditional culture refers to a culture that has maintained a way of life based on stable traditions passed from one generation to the next. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 6 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_01_80_Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Remember_1.3 G. Stanley Hall's theory of recapitulation held that the development of individuals reenacts the development of the human species. a. True b. False Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 7 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_01_81_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.4 In Western society, adolescence is generally viewed as beginning with puberty and ending when an individual reaches the end of secondary school education. 34

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

a. True b. False Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 11 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_01_82_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.5 According to the text, emerging adulthood is characterized as an age of identity exploration. a. True b. False Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 11 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_01_83_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.5 Erik Erikson felt that emerging adulthood is characterized by the age of identity explorations. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 12 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. False TB_01_84_From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood_Remember_1.5 35 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

The developmental period termed emerging adulthood exists in all cultures. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 13 Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. False TB_01_85_The Transition to Adulthood_Remember_1.7 Davis and Davis (1989, 2012) found that Moroccan youth most commonly defined the transition to adulthood by both physical development and development of character qualities. a. True b. False Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 16 Topic: The Transition to Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_01_86_ The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood_1.8 If a research sample is representative of a particular population, the findings will most likely be generalizable. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 19 Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True 36

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

TB_01_87_Methods and Designs in Research_Remember_1.10 Quantitative research data most commonly come from interviews, while questionnaires are the usual source of qualitative data. a. True b. False Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 22 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. False TB_01_88_Methods and Designs in Research_Understand_1.10 Correlation does NOT imply causation. a. True b. False Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 26 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. True TB_01_89_Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview_Remember_1.13 African cultures have strengths in their tradition of large families and strong, supportive family relationships. a. True b. False Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 28 Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview 37 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Learning Objective: 1.13 Name the main challenges facing African adolescents in the 21st century, and identify positive cultural traditions and recent trends. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_01_90_Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview_Remember_1.15 Filial piety is one of the tenets of Confucianism. a. True b. False Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 29 Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Learning Objective: 1.15 Describe the distinctive features of the cultural context for Asian adolescents. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_01_91_Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview_Remember_1.16 Education is NOT compulsory for all children in India. a. True b. False Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 29 Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Learning Objective: 1.16 Identify the main challenges for Indian adolescents in the 21st century. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_01_92_Other Themes of the Text_Remember_1.20 Gender is NOT a key issue in life-span development in most cultures. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 38

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Page Reference: 32 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.20 Explain why gender issues are especially prominent in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and summarize the range of gender expectations for adolescents in different cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. False Essay TB_01_93_Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History_Understand_1.3 List and briefly describe the three major contributions which made 1890-1920 the "Age of Adolescence." Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 5-6 Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: Key changes during these years included the enactment of laws restricting child labor, new requirements for children to attend secondary school, and the development of the field of adolescence as an area of scholarly study. • Child labor laws: In the view of urban reformers, children were being exploited and harmed, both physically and morally. These activists successfully fought for legislation that prohibited companies from hiring preteen children and limited the number of hours young people could work. • School attendance laws: Laws requiring longer periods of schooling and mandatory attendance in both elementary and secondary schools. The proportion of adolescents attending school rose dramatically from 5% of young people age 14 to 17in 1890 to 30% in 1920. • Study of adolescence: The work of G. Stanley Hall began the study of adolescence as a distinct field of scholarship. He wrote the first textbook on adolescence, published in 1904. It covered a wide range of topics, such as physical health and development, adolescence cross-culturally and historically, and adolescent love. A surprising number of Hall’s observations have been verified by recent research, He advocated research in order to improve the conditions for adolescents in family, school, and workplace. TB_01_94_The Transition to Adulthood_Understand_1.6, 1.7 Describe how varying values of individualism and interdependence impact how different cultures define the transition to adulthood. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 15-16 39 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Topic: The Transition to Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.6 Identify the three markers of adulthood that are the most common across cultures; 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across cultures. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: • In the past two decades, many studies have examined what young people view as the key markers of the transition to adulthood. In these studies, young people from their early teens to their late 20s agreed that the most important markers of the transition from adolescence to adulthood are: 1) accepting responsibility for oneself, 2) making independent decisions, and 3) becoming financially independent, in that order. These three criteria rank highest not just across cultures and nations but across ethnic groups and social classes. All three are characterized by individualism; that is, all three emphasize the importance of learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person without relying on anyone else. The criteria for adulthood favored by emerging adults in developed countries reflect the individualistic values of those societies. • Traditional, non-Western cultures view marriage as the transition to adulthood. Only after marriage is a person considered to have attained adult status and is given adult privileges and responsibilities. Traditional cultures view marriage as the key transition to adulthood because they see the collectivistic value of interdependence as more important than the individualistic value of independence. Marriage signifies a person is taking on new interdependent relationships outside the family of origin. TB_01_95_The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood_Understand_1.8 Describe in detail the five steps of applying Scientific Method. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 18-20 Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: • Step 1: Identify a Research Question. The question may be generated by a theory or previous research, or it may be a new question based on the researchers own observation or experience. • Step 2: Form a Hypothesis. The hypothesis is the researcher’s idea about a possible answer to the question of interest. • Step 3: Choose a Research Method and a Research Design. The research method is the approach to investigating the hypothesis (interview, questionnaire, etc.). The research design is the plan for when and how to collect data for the study. • Step 4: Collect Data to Test the Hypothesis. This includes selecting a sample that is representative of the population. • Step 5: Draw Conclusions and Form New Questions and Hypotheses. Once the data for a study have been collected, statistical analyses are usually conducted to examine relationships between different parts of the data. Then the analysis must be interpreted and discussed. This discussion is typically in the form of a research article in a professional journal.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank TB_01_96_Methods and Designs in Research_Understand_1.10 Outline the advantages and limitations of both interview and questionnaire methods of studying adolescence. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 21-22 Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: • Questionnaires: Advantages: facilitate large-scale data collection and analysis in a relatively short time. Limitations: range of responses is limited by closedended question format, so it does not capture the full depth and complexity of the experience. • Interviews: Advantages: able to capture complexities and richness of experience to provide individuality of responses not possible with questionnaires; interviews allow adolescents’ unique “voices” and perspectives to emerge, so the researcher can understand the “whole person” and interconnectedness of life issues. Limitations: must be coded into categories in order to analyze; interviewing and coding are costly, time-consuming, and require considerable effort and skill. TB_01_97_Other Themes of the Text_Apply_1.21 Define globalization. What impact might globalization have on the lives of adolescents and emerging adults? Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 32-33 Topic: Other Themes of the Text Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain why it is important to account for globalization in understanding adolescents and emerging adults. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: Globalization means that the world is becoming “smaller,” more homogeneous, due to increased connections in trade, travel, technology, and leisure. As a consequence of the globalization of adolescence and emerging adulthood, young people around the world experience increasingly similar environments. It appeals to adolescents and emerging adults who are more capable of exploring beyond family boundaries and less committed to established roles. • Common experience across cultural boundaries (e.g., clothing, soft drinks, music, television, etc.).

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC_Q1.1 During Ancient Greece, the philosophers Plato and Aristotle identified adolescence as the third distinct phase of life when which of the following developed? a. b. c. d.

The capacity for reason Vocational skills Sexual maturity Conflict with parents

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe how views of adolescence changed in the West from ancient Greece through medieval times. Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q1.2 Imagine that Joseph is an 18-year-old adolescent who lives in Europe during the 1500s. Joseph recently moved out of his family’s home and into that of an expert carpenter to undergo a 7-year apprenticeship. Joseph is experiencing what historians would call __________________. a. b. c. d.

life-cycle service storm and stress the Children’s Crusade the capacity for reason

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain what life-cycle service involves and specify when it was most common. Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q1.3 Which of the following was one of the three key changes from 1890 to 1920 that was crucial to defining these years as the “Age of Adolescence”? a. Development of laws requiring a longer period of schooling b. Development of life-cycle service c. Development of youth service programs, such as YMCAs 42

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. Development of an industrialized economy versus farming economy Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Topic: The Age of Adolescence, 1890–1920 Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q1.4 Which of the following is one of the explanations for why emerging adulthood is a recent historical phenomenon? a. Increases in the median age of marriage to the later 20s b. Declines in the typical age for the initiation of puberty c. Increases in high school attendance to a normative experience for youth in Western countries d. Higher rates of residential changes among youth ages 18 to 29 than at any other period of life Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q1.5 Which scenario best describes emerging adulthood as a time of identity explorations? a. Travis is taking a variety of courses from different college majors to explore what type of career best fits him. b. Cynthia wants her parents to treat her like an adult but feels like she still relies on them for support. c. Stephanie feels confident that one day she will obtain her dream job. d. Will moved back into his parents’ home after college graduation and then into an apartment of his own 6 months later. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Topic: From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 2

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank EOC_Q1.6 Across many developed cultures, emerging adults consistently report three main criteria that mark the transition to adulthood. These criteria are characterized by __________, which is the importance of learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person without relying on anyone else. a. b. c. d.

individualism collectivism globalization interdependence

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6 Identify the three markers of adulthood that are the most common across cultures. Topic: The Transition to Adulthood Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q1.7 Zhang Li is a 23-year-old emerging adult who lives in China. When asked what she considers to be the most important markers for adulthood, which of the following is most likely to be one of the markers she lists? a. b. c. d.

Being able to support her parents financially Finishing her college education Settling into a long-term career Moving out of her parent’s home

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across countries. Topic: The Transition to Adulthood: Cultural Variations Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q1.8 Hypothesis formation is one of the most important steps of the scientific method because it influences the ____________ of the study, which is the plan for when and how to collect the data for the study. a. research design b. reliability c. validity 44

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. theory Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q1.9 A researcher is conducting a study to assess how student–teacher relationship quality is related to academic performance among middle school students. The teachers want to know how their students are rating their relationship quality. If the researcher provides this information, which ethical research requirement would be violated? a. b. c. d.

Confidentiality Informed consent prior to participation in the research study Protection from physical and psychological harm Debriefing following participation in a study that involves deception

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the process that requires that research on adolescents must be done within ethical guidelines. Topic: Ethics in Human Development Research Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q1.10 Will is surveying college student-athletes to investigate how their parents’ involvement is linked to their athletic and academic performance. To increase the depth of the survey answers provided by the student-athletes, which research method should Will include in his study? a. b. c. d.

Interviews Biological measurements Experiments Observations

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Topic: Research Methods Difficulty: 3

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank EOC_Q1.11 Ryan is developing a questionnaire to assess the frequency of adolescents’ healthy dietary behaviors on a scale that ranges from 1 (Never) to 5 (Almost Always). Which of the following items should Ryan include on his questionnaire to increase its validity? a. b. c. d.

I drink water instead of soda. I feel fat. I am happy with the way I look. I do not like the way my clothes fit my body.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.11 Define reliability and validity, and indicate which is easier to establish and why. Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q1.12 Katie is designing a study that will include four time points to assess how students’ depressive symptoms change across the first year in college. What are two major limitations associated with this longitudinal research design? a. b. c. d.

Time, Attrition Time, No Depth Attrition, No Depth No Depth, Preset Responses

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.12 Explain the difference between a cross-sectional and a longitudinal research design. Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q1.13 Although African adolescents in the 21st century face many challenges, notably extremely poor living standards, what is a positive African cultural tradition that serves to protect adolescents from these challenges? a. b. c. d.

Strong family relationships More democratic governments Upward economic growth Less civil wars 46

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Unquestioning acceptance of family rules Discussion of Usman’s curfew Discussion of family rules Promotion of equal rules for Usman and his sister, Aisha

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.14 Explain how Islam structures development for adolescents in North Africa and the Middle East. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q1.15 Although there are many different Asian countries, they share common characteristics that are rooted in Confucianism traditions and thus influence the cultural context of Asian adolescents. Which characteristic reflects the Confucian culture for Asian adolescents? a. b. c. d.

Filial piety Independence Individualism Self-focus

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.15 Describe the distinctive features of the cultural context for Asian adolescents. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q1.16

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Deeya is an adolescent girl growing up in the rural state of Bihar, India. Deeya has different experiences compared to girls growing up in urban states of India. Which of the following is Deeya most likely to experience? a. b. c. d.

Illiteracy resulting from a lack of access to compulsory education Spending more leisure time with family versus friends Arranged marriage within her caste status Warm and strong family relations

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.16 Identify the main challenges for Indian adolescents in the 21st century. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q1.17 Although many of the countries of Latin America have established democracies and have experienced economic growth, youth in Latin America still face high unemployment rates that often exceed _________ percent. a. b. c. d.

25 30 35 45

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.17 Describe the common features of Latin American countries and the two key issues for today’s adolescents there. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q1.18 Joan and Sheila are adolescent girls growing up in the United States and Australia, respectively. Although Joan and Sheila live in different countries, which of the following leisure time experiences are they likely to have in common? a. b. c. d.

Spending leisure time text-messaging with friends Spending leisure time primarily working Spending leisure time primarily with their families Spending leisure time primarily studying for school exams

Answer: a 48

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Learning Objective: 1.18 List the common features experienced by adolescents in the countries that make up “the West,” and indicate what is distinctive to minority adolescents. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q1.19 A team of researchers is developing a study to assess how the transition to middle school influences mental and physical health outcomes among adolescents. The researchers are especially interested in assessing links between the school transition and adolescents’ reports of depressive symptoms and manifestation of stress hormones. Which of the following research teams would be best suited to carry out this study? a. b. c. d.

Psychologists and physicians Psychologists and historians Psychologists and anthropologists Psychologists and sociologists

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.19 Describe the disciplines that contribute to a complete understanding of adolescence and emerging adulthood. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q1.20 Although children are typically aware of their own gender when they are 2 years old, the process of _____________ deepens cultural expectations related to gender roles during adolescence because it heightens awareness of differences between girls and boys. a. b. c. d.

puberty brain development identity development formal education

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.20 Explain why gender issues are especially prominent in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and summarize the range of gender expectations for adolescents in different cultures. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 1

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank EOC_Q1.21 Because of increased access to information technology and international trade, adolescents around the world are growing up experiencing relatively similar environments. Which of the following is an example of this globalization? a. b. c. d.

Youth in Siberia getting a Happy Meal from McDonald’s Youth in America getting a Happy Meal from McDonald’s Youth in Europe attending a World Cup Soccer game Youth in China attending the Chinese New Year celebrations

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain why it is important to account for globalization in understanding adolescents and emerging adults. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.1.1 During medieval times, youth ages 13 to 15 undertook the “Children’s Crusade.” These young crusaders traveled across the Mediterranean coast to the Holy Land in hopes of peacefully appealing to the Muslims to allow Christians to visit holy sites. Which of the following summarizes what happened to the crusaders and how the outcome depicted views of adolescents during medieval times? a. The crusaders were robbed, kidnapped, or sold into slavery, indicating adolescents were viewed as innocent and lacking experience during medieval times. b. The crusaders were granted their request to visit holy sites by the Muslims, indicating adolescents were viewed as mature and knowledgeable during medieval times. c. The crusaders were protected by local military forces at each town on their journey, indicating adolescents were viewed as influential and important members of society during medieval times. d. The crusaders never made it to the Holy Land because their parents prevented them from going, indicating adolescents were viewed as incapable of being independent during medieval times. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe how views of adolescence changed in the West from ancient Greece through medieval times. Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Difficulty: 2

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank EOM_Q1.1.2 Although life-cycle service occurred in both Europe and the United States, this experience occurred during different historical time periods. Which of the following reflects the historical time period in which life-cycle service was most common in the United States? a. b. c. d.

Colonial period Renaissance period Medieval period Industrial period

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.2 Explain what life-cycle service involves and specify when it was most common. Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.1.3 Between 1890 and 1920, states began passing laws requiring attendance in both primary and secondary school, which influenced a change in the proportion of adolescents in formal schooling. Which of the following reflects this change? a. b. c. d.

School attendance at ages 14 to 17 increased from 5% in 1890 to 30% in 1920. School attendance at ages 14 to 17 increased from 15% in 1890 to 45% in 1920. School attendance at ages 14 to 17 declined from 10% in 1890 to 5% in 1920. School attendance at ages 14 to 17 declined from 30% in 1890 to 5% in 1920.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.1.4 Imagine that Ryan is a 10-year-old boy living in the United States during the Industrial Revolution. Which of the following scenarios best reflects how Ryan’s life might have been during that time? a. b. c. d.

Ryan was working 12-hour days in a coal mine for 35¢ a day. Ryan was engaging in life-cycle service to learn how to be a blacksmith. Ryan was working on a farm to learn how to raise crops and cattle. Ryan was attending formal school every day learning how to read and write. 51 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.1.5 Which of the following scholars was responsible for initiating the scholarly study of adolescence as a distinct field? a. b. c. d.

G. Stanley Hall St. Augustine Aristotle J. Jensen Arnett

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.3 Identify the three features that made the years 1890–1920 the Age of Adolescence. Topic: Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.2.1 In the early 20th century, G. Stanley Hall defined the age range of adolescence as beginning at 14 and ending at 24. Today’s scholars generally consider adolescence to begin at about age ____ and end by about age ____. a. b. c. d.

10; 18 13; 18 10; 25 15; 25

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. Topic: Adolescence Arrives Earlier Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.2.2

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank A decline in the typical age of the initiation of puberty across the 20th century is a biological change that explains the earlier beginning of adolescence. Which of the following reflects a societal change that occurred across the same time period that explains the earlier end of adolescence? a. Increases in the proportion of youth attending secondary school, thus normalizing the high school experience for youth. b. Increases in the proportion of youth pursuing college education, thus normalizing the college experience for youth. c. Increases in the proportion of youth making frequent residential changes, thus normalizing a focus on life explorations for youth. d. Increases in the proportion of youth getting married at older ages, thus normalizing a focus on self-development for youth. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.4 Summarize the influences that have led to an earlier beginning and end to adolescence. Topic: Adolescence Arrives Earlier Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.2.3 Mandie is a 21-year-old emerging adult living in the United States. When asked if she feels she has reached adulthood, she says she feels she has in some ways but not in others. Which of the following features of emerging adulthood is Mandie experiencing? a. b. c. d.

Feeling in-between Identity explorations Instability Self-focus

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Topic: Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.2.4 Phillip is a 22-year-old emerging adult who just graduated from college. Phillip is completing a graduation survey, and one question asks him to rate his agreement with the statement “I am very sure that someday I will get to where I want to be in life.” Which of the following agreement ratings is Phillip most likely to select? a. Strongly Agree 53 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank b. Somewhat Agree c. Somewhat Disagree d. Strongly Disagree Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Topic: Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.2.5 Across his entire college experience, Wesley moved many times, which included moving into and out of a dorm, into and out of an apartment with friends, and into and out of his parents’ home one summer. Which of the following features of emerging adulthood did Wesley experience? a. b. c. d.

Instability Possibilities Feeling in-between Self-focus

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.5 Summarize the five features of emerging adulthood. Topic: Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.3.1 Emerging adults in developed countries consistently report which of the following to be a main criterion that marks the transition to adulthood? a. b. c. d.

Accepting responsibility for oneself Finishing a college education Having a child Purchasing a house

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Sarah has been accepted into two graduate school programs for engineering, and she must choose which one to attend. Rather than immediately calling her parents to help her choose, she is making pro and con lists to inform her choice of engineering program. Which of the following markers of adulthood is Sarah best demonstrating? a. b. c. d.

Making independent decisions Accepting responsibility for oneself Becoming financially independent Feeling in-between

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.6 Identify the three markers of adulthood that are the most common across cultures. Topic: The Transition to Adulthood: Cross-Cultural Themes Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.3.3 Research by anthropologists has found that in virtually all traditional, non-Western cultures, the transition to adulthood is explicitly marked by ___________. a. b. c. d.

marriage growing facial hair military service reaching age 21

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across cultures. Topic: The Transition to Adulthood: Cultural Variations Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.3.4 Sanda is a Burmese emerging adult who recently got married and is now considered an adult in her culture. Why does marriage constitute the attainment of adulthood in Sanda’s culture? a. Sanda’s culture is collectivistic and as such values the interdependence that marriage entails. b. Sanda’s culture is individualistic and as such values the independence that marriage entails. 55 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank c. Sanda’s culture is individualistic and as such values the interdependence that marriage entails. d. Sanda’s culture is collectivistic and as such values the independence that marriage entails. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across cultures. Topic: The Transition to Adulthood: Cultural Variations Difficulty: 3 EOM_Q1.3.5 Elizabeth and Achu are best friends who are both 21 years old, but Elizabeth lives in the United States and Achu lives in India. Although both girls are the same age and are emerging adults, when asked what they think is the most important criterion for adulthood, they provide different answers. Which of the following represents Elizabeth’s and Achu’s criterion, respectively? a. Accepting responsibility for oneself; Being able to financially support one’s parents b. Accepting responsibility for oneself; Making independent decisions c. Being able to financially support one’s parents; Accepting responsibility for oneself d. Being able to financially support one’s parents; Being capable of running a household Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.7 Give examples of how criteria for adulthood vary across cultures. Topic: The Transition to Adulthood: Cultural Variations Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.4.1 A researcher has formed the following research question: Why do adolescents engage in higher levels of risky behavior than children? What is the NEXT step this researcher should take according to the scientific method? a. b. c. d.

Propose a hypothesis Choose a research design Collect data Draw conclusions 56

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.4.2 A researcher is conducting a study to assess emerging adults’ attitudes toward bingedrinking and has formed a hypothesis that emerging adults who are involved in Greek life at college will have more favorable attitudes toward binge drinking than those who are not. The researcher has also determined how she will collect the data. What should the NEXT step in the researcher’s process be? a. b. c. d.

Collect data Choose a research design Draw conclusions Identify a research question

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.4.3 Obtaining a representative sample for a study is an important part of collecting data because if the sample is representative of the population of interest, then the findings from the study will be ______________ to that population. a. b. c. d.

generalizable unrelated ethical biased

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.8 Describe the five steps of the scientific method. Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.4.4 The most important ethical consideration in research on human participants is which of the following? 57 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

a. b. c. d.

Protecting participants from physical and psychological harm Maintaining participants’ confidentially Obtaining participants’ informed consent Debriefing participants about deception involved in a study

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the process that requires that research on adolescents must be done within ethical guidelines. Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.4.5 A researcher is conducting a study to assess links between bullying and depressive symptoms among middle school students. Which of the following persons listed is required to provide informed consent? a. b. c. d.

Parents of the middle school students Middle school students Friends of the middle school students Teachers of the middle school students

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.9 Explain the process that requires that research on adolescents must be done within ethical guidelines. Topic: The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.5.1 Research studies comparing the similarity of characteristics between monozygotic and dizygotic twins are classified as a type of _____________. a. b. c. d.

natural experiment ethnography interview experiment

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Difficulty: 1 58

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

EOM_Q1.5.2 An advantage of ____________ is that they provide rich, detailed results, but a disadvantage is that their results are difficult to generalize. a. b. c. d.

case studies questionnaires experiments biological measurements

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.10 Describe the research methods used in research on adolescents and emerging adults. Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.5.3 Laura and Maria are researchers working on a study that conducts observations of parents and children on playgrounds to assess parental responsiveness in recreational contexts. Laura and Maria are trained to use a parental responsiveness scale when conducting observations, and on their most recent playground observation they achieved 20% agreement on responsiveness ratings. Which of the following statements best summarizes the problem Laura and Maria are experiencing with their research method? a. b. c. d.

Laura and Maria’s ratings are not reliable. Laura and Maria’s ratings are reliable. Laura and Maria’s ratings are not valid. Laura and Maria’s ratings are valid.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.11 Define reliability and validity, and indicate which is easier to establish and why. Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.5.4 Aryn is conducting a study to assess how minority youths’ experiences of discrimination at school are related to their academic achievement. Aryn’s research procedure consisted of collecting survey data from all minority youth at a middle school during their free class 59 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank period on one occasion. What type of research design is Aryn’s study, and what is the key limitation of this design? a. b. c. d.

Cross-sectional; correlational results are difficult to interpret Cross-sectional; preset responses Longitudinal; attrition Longitudinal; expensive

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.12 Explain the difference between a cross-sectional and a longitudinal research design. Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.5.5 Richard conducted a longitudinal study to assess how religious beliefs changed across high school. He collected survey data from adolescents once a year for 4 years. Richard’s Time 1 sample consisted of 800 freshmen, his Time 2 sample consisted of 740 sophomores, his Time 3 sample consisted of 600 juniors, and his Time 4 sample consisted of 545 seniors. Richard’s study suffered from which of the following limitations associated with longitudinal designs? a. b. c. d.

Attrition Expense Time Preset responses

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.12 Explain the difference between a cross-sectional and a longitudinal research design. Topic: Methods and Designs in Research Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.6.1 Lesedi is a 13-year-old girl growing up in Ethiopia, Africa. Which of the following challenges is she most likely to experience? a. Threats to her physical survival, such as access to clean water b. Working long hours in unsafe and unhealthy jobs, such as cigarette manufacturing c. Restrictive rules regarding her appearance d. Limited access to education 60

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.13 Name the main challenges facing African adolescents in the 21st century, and identify positive cultural traditions and recent trends. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.6.2 In North Africa and the Middle East, the Islamic tradition of patriarchal authority means that youth do not question family rules. This tradition also has differential implications for the development of adolescent girls and boys. Which of the following best summarizes this difference? a. Males have dominance over women, and adolescent girls are very restricted regarding their appearance and behavior. b. Males have dominance over women, and both adolescent girls and boys are very restricted regarding their appearance and behavior. c. Males have dominance over women, and adolescent boys achieve higher levels of education. d. Males have dominance over women, and both adolescent girls and boys achieve high levels of education. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.14 Explain how Islam structures development for adolescents in North Africa and the Middle East. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.6.3 Min-jun is an adolescent living in South Korea who is the oldest son of his family. Considering he was raised within the tradition of filial piety, which of the following responsibilities is he expected to undertake when he is an adult? a. b. c. d.

Caring for his parents when they become elderly Obtaining a high level of education Obtaining a stable job Providing for his children

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.6.4 A distinctive feature of Indian culture is the caste system, in which people are believed to be born into a particular caste based on their moral and spiritual conduct in their previous life. Which statement best reflects how the caste system influences development for Indian adolescents? a. Adolescents from lower castes are less likely to attend school, which restricts the jobs available to them as adults. b. Adolescents from lower castes are more likely to attend school, which increases the jobs available to them as adults. c. Adolescents from low and high castes are equally likely to attend school. d. Adolescents from low and high castes are allowed to date and marry each other. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.16 Identify the main challenges for Indian adolescents in the 21st century. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.6.5 Jayla and Karen are adolescent girls who are graduating from high school in Atlanta, Georgia. Jayla is African American and Karen is Caucasian. Which of the following is Karen most likely to experience during emerging adulthood compared to Jayla? a. b. c. d.

Obtaining a graduate degree Unemployment Discrimination Spending leisure time with friends

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.18 List the common features experienced by adolescents in the countries that make up “the West,” and indicate what is distinctive to minority adolescents. Topic: Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.7.1

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank _______________ is the main field in which research on adolescence and emerging adulthood occurs. a. b. c. d.

Psychology Anthropology Sociology Historiography

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.19 Describe the disciplines that contribute to a complete understanding of adolescence and emerging adulthood. Topic: Other Themes of the Text Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.7.2 Which statement best describes the current status of gender-specific expectations for adolescents in Western cultures? a. Gender-specific expectations for adolescents in Western cultures have decreased, but subtle gender role differences between males and females still exist. b. Gender-specific expectations for adolescents in Western cultures are the same in the 21st century as they were in the 20th century. c. Gender-specific expectations for adolescents in Western cultures have increased, and there are now more distinct gender role differences between males and females. d. Gender-specific expectations for adolescents in Western cultures have decreased so much that there are now no gender role differences between males and females. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.20 Explain why gender issues are especially prominent in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and summarize the range of gender expectations for adolescents in different cultures. Topic: Other Themes of the Text Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q1.7.3 Adolescence and emerging adulthood are developmental periods that focus on preparation for adult roles in family and work. How might preparation for adult roles influence gender issues during these developmental periods? 63 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank a. Because adult roles in family and work have distinct gender expectations, male and female youth will be expected to demonstrate different gender role behaviors. b. Biological differences between males and females influence the automatic, hardwired development of different adult roles in family and work. c. Because adult roles in family and work are becoming increasingly similar for men and women, gender issues are no longer a prominent issue in adolescence and emerging adulthood. d. Gender issues during adolescence and emerging adulthood are only relevant for non-Western, traditional cultures that formally prepare their youth for adult roles. Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.20 Explain why gender issues are especially prominent in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and summarize the range of gender expectations for adolescents in different cultures. Topic: Other Themes of the Text Difficulty: 3 EOM_Q1.7.4 Amy lives in the United States and Seda lives in Turkey. Amy and Seda are adolescent girls who love the same fashion brands and listen to the same music. Despite living in two different countries, Amy and Seda are experiencing relatively similar environments. This experience is called _________________. a. b. c. d.

globalization gender role development individualism storm and stress

Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain why it is important to account for globalization in understanding adolescents and emerging adults. Topic: Other Themes of the Text Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q1.7.5 A consequence of globalization is that adolescents and emerging adults across the world are becoming increasingly _____________ in their identities, with one identity participating in their own culture and one identity participating in the global culture. a. bicultural 64

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank b. bilingual c. Western d. individualistic Answer: a Learning Objective: 1.21 Explain why it is important to account for globalization in understanding adolescents and emerging adults. Topic: Other Themes of the Text Difficulty: 1

TOTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDE

Chapter 2 Biological Foundations

Topic The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Cultural Responses to Puberty Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype  Environment Effects

Remember the Facts 1-4, 11-14, 75-76

Understand the Concepts 7-9

Apply What You Know 5, 10, 15

17-19, 22, 24-26, 30 77-78

16, 21, 29, 32

20, 23, 27-28, 31, 33

Multiple Choice

36-40, 44

34-35, 41, 43, 45

True/False Short Essay

79-881

Multiple Choice

46, 56-57, 61 82—85 94 69, 73 88-90

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

True/False Short Essay Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

Analyze It

91 49, 54, 58-60, 62, 64-65 86 93 68, 70-71, 74 87

47-48, 50-53, 55, 63, 66-67 92 72 95

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank TB_02_01_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.1 The physical and biological changes of puberty result from changes that occur in the a. b. c. d.

endocrine system. lymphatic system. nervous system. thyroid gland.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 38 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. endocrine system. TB_02_02_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.1 The text likens the physical changes the body goes through at puberty to a a. b. c. d.

biological revolution. hormonal storm. sociology course. psychological revolution.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 38 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. biological revolution. TB_02_03_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.1 In which of the following parts of the anatomy is puberty initiated? a. b. c. d.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 39 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. hypothalamus TB_02_04_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.1 What causes the hypothalamus to increase GnRH production? a. b. c. d.

development of gametes reaching a threshold level of body fat increasing testosterone or estrogen releasing luteinizing hormones

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 39 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. reaching a threshold level of body fat TB_02_05_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Apply_2.1 According to the text, there are many factors which may affect the onset of pubertal changes. Which scenario would most likely lead to delayed onset? a. Lee is a wrestler who constantly diets and over exercises to maintain a lower weight class. b. Jared rides his bike over rough terrain and comes home with scrapes and bruises. c. Greg plays video games after school, particularly golf, and doesn't go outside to play. d. Dianna overeats and doesn't exercise but loves to walk her dog after school. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 39 3 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. Lee is a wrestler who constantly diets and over exercises to maintain a lower weight class. TB_02_06_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.1 The two classes of sex hormones are a. b. c. d.

estrogens and estradiols. androgens and testosterones. gonadotropins and androgens. estrogens and androgens.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 40 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. estrogens and androgens. TB_02_07_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Understand_2.1 Female is to estradiol as male is to a. b. c. d.

testosterone. androgen. estrogen. glycoprotein.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 40 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. testosterone. 4 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

TB_02_08_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Understand_2.1 Which statement most accurately represents the feedback loop in the endocrine system? a. A "communication system" between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads, and adrenal glands that monitors and adjusts the levels of sex hormones. b. An anomaly in some adolescents that causes pubertal development to be prolonged, and fertility to be decreased. c. A "communication system" between androgens and estrogens that determines the gender of an individual. d. A structure within the endocrine system that controls the order of hormonal and pubertal events. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 41 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. A "communication system" between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads, and adrenal glands that monitors and adjusts the levels of sex hormones. TB_02_09_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Understand_2.1 Which term is commonly used to represent the feedback loop in the endocrine system? a. b. c. d.

answering machine burglar alarm thermostat fridge light

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 41 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. thermostat TB_02_10_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical 5 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Growth_Apply_2.1 At puberty, the set point for androgens rose higher than the set point for estrogens in Cory's hypothalamus. Which of the following is the most likely description of Cory's sex? a. b. c. d.

Cory is male. Cory is female. Cory will likely be transgender during adolescence. Cory may have androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 41 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. Cory is male. TB_02_11_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.2 The adolescent growth spurt is best demonstrated by the rapid increase in a. b. c. d.

height at the beginning of adolescence. hormone production before puberty begins. height in boys and weight in girls at puberty. size of reproductive organs at puberty.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 41 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.2 Explain how the growth spurt differs for girls and boys, and identify the order in which body parts experience rapid growth. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. height at the beginning of adolescence. TB_02_12_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.2 The adolescent growth spurt occurs approximately a. the same time for boys and girls. b. two years earlier for boys than for girls. c. two years earlier for boys and girls in developing but not industrialized countries. 6 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. two years earlier for girls than for boys. Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 42 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.2 Explain how the growth spurt differs for girls and boys, and identify the order in which body parts experience rapid growth. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. two years earlier for girls than for boys. TB_02_13_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.2 Which of the following best represents the occurrence of the adolescent growth spurt? The growth spurt begins a. about three years earlier for girls than for boys. b. about the same time for girls and boys. c. at about age 11 for girls and 13 for boys. d. at about age 11 for boys and 13 for girls. 3 for boys. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 43 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.2 Explain how the growth spurt differs for girls and boys, and identify the order in which body parts experience rapid growth. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. at about age 11 for girls and 13 for boys. TB_02_14_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.2 Which of the following best defines the concept of asynchronicity? a. b. c. d.

Girls experience the growth spurt earlier than boys. Boys' body parts grow in a different order than those of girls. Some body parts grow faster than others during puberty. The extremities are the last body parts to grow.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Growth Learning Objective: 2.2 Explain how the growth spurt differs for girls and boys, and identify the order in which body parts experience rapid growth. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. Some body parts grow faster than others during puberty. TB_02_15_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Apply_2.2 Sven, your adolescent nephew, tells you he is worried that he is not normal because his feet and hands seem to be too big for his body. Which of the following is the best advice for Sven? a. "Eat more calcium-rich foods so that your growth gets back on the right track." b. "Everybody has different sized feet and hands – yours are just big." c. "There is reason to worry. Each person has a unique growth pattern, but your case sounds unusual." d. "Don't worry. Hands and feet hit the growth spurt before the rest of your body." Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 43 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.2 Explain how the growth spurt differs for girls and boys, and identify the order in which body parts experience rapid growth. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: d. "Don't worry. Hands and feet hit the growth spurt before the rest of your body." TB_02_16_ The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth _Understand_2.2 Boys experience greater muscle growth than girls during puberty because they a. b. c. d.

tend to get more physical exercise. enter the growth spurt earlier. maintain hormone levels for longer periods of time. experience greater increases in testosterone.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 43 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.2 Explain how the growth spurt differs for girls and boys, and identify the order in which body parts experience rapid growth. Skill: Understand the Concepts 8 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Answer: d. experience greater increases in testosterone. TB_02_17_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.3 Which of the following is NOT associated with primary sex characteristics? Development of the a. b. c. d.

breasts. penis. eggs and sperm. ovaries.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 44 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. breasts. TB_02_18_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.3 The first production of sperm in boys is called a. b. c. d.

spermarche. semenarche. menarche. premature ejaculation.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 44 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. spermarche. TB_02_19_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.3 Menarche refers to 9 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

a. b. c. d.

a female's first menstrual period. a female's first ovulation. reproductive maturity in males and females. a male's fertility.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 44 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. a female's first menstrual period. TB_02_20_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Apply_2.3 Miranda is in ninth grade. She wrote the following statements in an essay on reproduction for her health class. Which of the following of Miranda's statements is NOT true? a. b. c. d.

"Girls cannot get pregnant until their periods are regular." "Females are born with about 400,000 immature eggs in each ovary." "Males do not produce sperm until they reach puberty." "The average male produces millions of sperm every day."

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 44 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. "Girls cannot get pregnant until their periods are regular." TB_02_21_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Understand_2.3 Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding female reproductive development? a. b. c. d.

The first ovulation always occurs with the first menstruation. Fertility may be inconsistent during the first four years after menarche. The adolescent female is infertile during the first two years after menarche. Secondary sex characteristics only appear after reproductive maturity is reached. 10 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 45 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. Fertility may be inconsistent during the first four years after menarche. TB_02_22_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.4 Which of the following does NOT belong to the category of secondary sex characteristics? a. b. c. d.

growth of pubic hair growth of facial hair hardening of the bones sperm and egg production

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 45 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.4 Provide the typical order of development of secondary sex characteristics in boys and girls. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. sperm and egg production TB_02_23_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Apply_2.4 Matthew is about midway through puberty. In tears, he tells his camp counselor that he won't go swimming without his shirt because his breasts are enlarged. Which of the following is the best advice for Matthew? a. "All boys experience enlargement of the breasts during puberty." b. "One out of four boys experiences breast enlargement, which goes away in about a year." c. "About half of all boys experience breast enlargement, which goes away in about a year." d. "One out of a hundred boys experience breast enlargement, which goes away during adulthood." Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 45 11 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.4 Provide the typical order of development of secondary sex characteristics in boys and girls. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. "One out of four boys experiences breast enlargement, which goes away in about a year." TB_02_24_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.4 Which of the following physical changes typically occurs for males only? a. b. c. d.

growth of shoulder and back hair increased sweat gland production deepening voice growth of facial hair

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 45 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.4 Provide the typical order of development of secondary sex characteristics in boys and girls. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. growth of shoulder and back hair TB_02_25_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.4 Which of the following physical changes occur for males and females alike during puberty? a. b. c. d.

Skin becomes more oily and prone to acne. The proportion of muscle to fat increases. The shoulders and chest become wider. The hips widen and abdominal fat levels increase.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 45 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.4 Provide the typical order of development of secondary sex characteristics in boys and girls. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. Skin becomes more oily and prone to acne. 12 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

TB_02_26_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.5 It is possible that individuals in developed countries may experience their first pubertal events as early as age a. b. c. d.

8 for boys and 10-11 for girls. 7 for girls and 9-10 for boys. 5 for girls and 8-10 for boys. 6 for girls and as late as 13 for boys.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 47 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.5 Chart the typical order of pubertal events, and explain the basis for variations in their order, timing, and total duration. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. 7 for girls and 9-10 for boys. TB_02_27_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Apply_2.5 Olga is almost 10 years old. Over the past months, she has noticed the appearance of downy pubic hair, followed by the appearance of breast buds, and recently she has begun to grow taller and heavier. This order of pubertal events is found to a. b. c. d.

occur only in industrialized countries. signal the onset of her age of identity negotiation. be typical for an adolescent female. be highly unlikely to occur in the typical adolescent female.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 47 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.5 Chart the typical order of pubertal events, and explain the basis for variations in their order, timing, and total duration. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: c. be typical for an adolescent female. TB_02_28_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Apply_2.5 Which of the following is in the best order regarding the age of first appearance of pubertal 13 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank events for a typical boy? a. b. c. d.

growth of testes, spermarche, initiation of growth spurt initiation of growth spurt, growth of testes, spermarche growth of testes, initiation of growth spurt, spermarche growth of penis, growth of testes, spermarche

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 47 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.5 Chart the typical order of pubertal events, and explain the basis for variations in their order, timing, and total duration. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: c. growth of testes, initiation of growth spurt, spermarche TB_02_29_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Understand_2.5 One of the problems associated with the body of research on puberty today is that a. b. c. d.

food additives have drastically changed the rate of development in recent years. it is mainly focused on White adolescents in Western countries. it has not been verified by research studies in North America. it is too detailed to understand in a general way.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 47 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.5 Chart the typical order of pubertal events, and explain the basis for variations in their order, timing, and total duration. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. it is mainly focused on White adolescents in Western countries. TB_02_30_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.5 Much of our information about pubertal development comes from J. M. Tanner's research. Which of the following most accurately represents this research? The research was conducted a. b. c. d.

at the turn of the century on middle-class American adolescents. in the 1980s on a cross-section of North American youth. during World War II on British adolescents in boarding schools. 40 to 50 years ago on British adolescents in foster homes. 14 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 47 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.5 Chart the typical order of pubertal events, and explain the basis for variations in their order, timing, and total duration. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. 40 to 50 years ago on British adolescents in foster homes. TB_02_31_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Apply_2.6 Ty is a researcher who wants to determine the typical amount of time it takes for Peruvian adolescents to develop from the onset of puberty to full maturation. Among the following choices, which type of study should Ty conduct? a. b. c. d.

cross-sectional study ethnographic study secular study longitudinal study

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 49 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe how physical functioning changes during puberty, and contrast physical functioning in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: d. longitudinal study TB_02_32_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Understand_2.6 Which of the following best represents the health status of emerging adults? Emerging adulthood is the period when a person is a. b. c. d.

the least susceptible to health problems resulting from risk behaviors. the most susceptible to physical illnesses. at peak form in terms of strength and health. done with positive growth and at the start of a long period of physical decline.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Functioning Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe how physical functioning changes during puberty, and contrast physical functioning in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. at peak form in terms of strength and health. TB_02_33_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Apply_2.6 You are a secondary school teacher developing a health promotion program. According to information you gathered from reading this text, your program should a. b. c. d.

emphasize prevention by promoting strategies for reducing risk behaviors. focus primarily on strategies for dealing with health problems as they arise. be cancelled and offered only to adult students. focus only on boys because they have greater risks during adolescence.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 52 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe how physical functioning changes during puberty, and contrast physical functioning in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. emphasize prevention by promoting strategies for reducing risk behaviors. TB_02_34_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.7 Which of the following statements most accurately represents the relationship between pubertal timing and a group’s technologies? In general, puberty begins a. later in countries where medical care is more widely available. b. earlier in countries where better nutrition and medical care are more widely available. c. earlier in countries where health promotion education is more widely available. d. earlier in countries where there are fewer female doctors. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 52 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. earlier in countries where better nutrition and medical care are more widely available. 16 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

TB_02_35_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.7 Evidence for the influence of technologies on pubertal development is based on data gathered regarding the age when what event occurs? a. b. c. d.

spermarche menarche breast development hair growth

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 52 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. Menarche. TB_02_36_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.7 Which of the following is associated with historical evidence that technologies influence pubertal timing? a. b. c. d.

reaction range secular trend distancing hypothesis feedback loop

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 52 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. secular trend TB_02_37_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.7 According to research, the average age of menarche for girls in the United States is ________ years. a. b. c. d.

10.5 11.5 12.5 years 13.0

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Page Reference: 53 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. 12.5 years TB_02_38_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.7 Eveleth and Tanner (1990) recently researched pubertal development in other countries. An important finding was that the timing and rate of pubertal development a. b. c. d.

vary with levels of nutrition and medical care. are different when studied using longitudinal versus cross-sectional studies. are not impacted by environmental factors. are influenced by being part of a research study.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 53 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. vary with levels of nutrition and medical care. TB_02_39_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.7 Which of the following best defines reaction range? a. b. c. d.

genetically determined range of potential that is affected by the environment environmentally determined range of potential difference between nature and nurture variation in the rate of pubertal development

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 53 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. genetically determined range of potential that is affected by the environment TB_02_40_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.8 According to cross-cultural research, puberty rituals are more common for a. males. b. females. 18 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank c. adolescents in Western cultures. d. families with high socioeconomic status. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 54 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. females. TB_02_41_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.8 The cultural rituals of the Asante culture marking menarche and menstruation reflect a. b. c. d.

annoyance with menstruation. the joy associated with menstruation. a fear of menstruation. ambivalence toward menstruation.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 54 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. ambivalence toward menstruation. TB_02_42_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.8 According to your text, traditional male puberty rituals, such as scarring and bloodletting, operate as a metaphor for a. b. c. d.

demonstrating one's readiness for the challenges of adult life. the pain of childbirth experienced by the boy's mother. athletic competitions. childhood play.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 55 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. demonstrating one's readiness for the challenges of adult life. 19 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

TB_02_43_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.8 The decline in frequency of puberty rituals in traditional cultures is most likely associated with a. b. c. d.

globalization. poverty. rising age of menarche. racism.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 55 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. globalization. TB_02_44_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.8 In Samoa, the traditional rite of passage into adolescence involves a. b. c. d.

tattooing of both males and females. tattooing of males only. tattooing of females and branding of males. an elaborate process of body piercing.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 56 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. tattooing of both males and females. TB_02_45_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.8 Traditional puberty rituals, such as tattooing, are undergoing a revival in some cultures. This best reflects an a. b. c. d.

example of ethnographers' influence on the cultures they study. example of Western youth copying traditional culture. attempt to assimilate into the global culture. attempt to keep traditional cultures from disappearing due to globalization. 20 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 56 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. attempt to keep traditional cultures from disappearing due to globalization. TB_02_46_ Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.9 Which of the following characterizes parent-adolescent relationships in nearly all cultures that have been studied? a. b. c. d.

Adolescents of both sexes tend to be closer to their mothers than to their fathers. Communication styles shift toward consoling through touch. Adolescent females tend to be closer to their fathers. Adolescents of both sexes tend to pull away from both parents.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 57 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.9 Compare and contrast cultures in how puberty influences family relations. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. Adolescents of both sexes tend to be closer to their mothers than to their fathers. TB_02_47_ Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.9 Abelard is thirteen years old. He spends more time during the day with his mother than with his father. His relationship with his mother is stronger and he feels closer to her than his father. According to research, Abelard is a. b. c. d.

unusual – most adolescents are closer to their fathers than mothers. typical – most adolescents are closer to their mothers than fathers. a difficult child – he is most likely afraid of his father. unusual – most adolescents are closer to their parent of the same gender.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Answer: b. typical – most adolescents are closer to their mothers than fathers. TB_02_48_ Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.9 Gina is eighteen years old and feels that she is no longer as close to her parents as she was when she was a child. In fact, she has moved away from the religious commune where she was raised and is engaged to the boyfriend she met at college. This scenario is consistent with which of the following concepts? a. b. c. d.

distancing reaction range active genotype-environment interaction nature-nurture debate

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 57 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.9 Compare and contrast cultures in how puberty influences family relations. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. distancing TB_02_49_ Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.9 Which of the following is a valid criticism of the notion of distancing during adolescence? a. b. c. d.

Distancing may have an evolutionary basis. Parent-adolescent conflict increases in adolescence. Distancing does not occur equally in all cultures. Some adolescents really love their parents.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 57 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.9 Compare and contrast cultures in how puberty influences family relations. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. Distancing does not occur equally in all cultures. TB_02_50_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.9 Meena's father died when she was a baby, and there is a lot of ongoing conflict in the household between her mother and stepfather. According to research discussed in the text, Meena may be more likely to a. reach puberty earlier. 22 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank b. reach puberty later. c. experience storm and stress. d. experience an atypical order of pubertal events. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 58 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.9 Compare and contrast cultures in how puberty influences family relations. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. reach puberty earlier. TB_02_51_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.9 Recent research has shown that some girls tend to go through puberty earlier than others. What scenario most likely creates early onset of puberty? a. Damini, whose mother was only 17 years old when she had Damini b. Brandi, who lives with only her father and shares a room with her younger sister c. Elizabeth, who lives with her mom and her stepfather but doesn't see her dad at all d. Beverly, who has an eating disorder and has been severely underweight for three years. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 58 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.9 Compare and contrast cultures in how puberty influences family relations. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: c. Elizabeth, who lives with her mom and her stepfather but doesn't see her dad at all TB_02_52_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.10 Liza is an early-maturing girl who just reached menarche. She is very upset and is having a difficult time adjusting. Which of the following is the most likely reason for Liza's feelings? a. b. c. d.

Liza was unprepared for menarche; her mother hadn't even told her about it yet. All of Liza's friends had already reached menarche and she felt left out. Liza was well prepared for menarche and had learned a lot from her peers. All of Liza's siblings are boys and she feels uncomfortable.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. Liza was unprepared for menarche; her mother hadn't even told her about it yet. TB_02_53_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.10 Justine's older sister has told her that "getting her period will be a real drag – painful and annoying." According to research, how is Justine likely to report her menarche? a. b. c. d.

as a discomfort associated with severe depression positive and elated mostly ambivalent

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 58 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. as a discomfort TB_02_54_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.10 Which statement best represents how culture influences girls' responses to menarche? a. b. c. d.

Premenstrual syndrome is a socially constructed phenomenon. Socioeconomic status is a major factor impacting girls' experiences of menarche. Geographical region and climate impact girls' experiences of menarche. Knowledge and expectations impact girls' experiences of menarche.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 59 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. Knowledge and expectations impact girls' experiences of menarche. TB_02_55_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.10 Boris, who has just experienced semenarche, feels embarrassed and has vowed he would not tell anyone about it. Boris's attitude best reflects 24 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

a. b. c. d.

a distant relationship with his parents. Western attitudes toward this topic. his positive feelings toward becoming a man. his awareness of his own bodily functions.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 59 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. Western attitudes toward this topic. TB_02_56_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.10 The history of American beliefs about menstruation is described in a book by a. b. c. d.

J. M. Tanner. Joan Jacobs Brumberg. Nora Ephron. Judy Blume.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 60 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. Joan Jacobs Brumberg. TB_02_57_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.10 A survey conducted in 1895 found that ______ percent of Boston high school girls had no knowledge of menarche before it occurred. a. b. c. d.

10 25 60 75

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 60 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche 25 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: c. 60 TB_02_58_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.10 Which of the following contributed most to the secrecy surrounding menstruation in 19th century middle class America? a. Girls reached menarche at a later age than today. b. There were no feminine hygiene products. c. Girls reached menarche at an earlier age than today and could not fully understand it. d. People associated menstruation with sexuality and tried to preserve girls' virginity. Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 60 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. People associated menstruation with sexuality and tried to preserve girls' virginity. TB_02_59_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.10 Which of the following illustrate the changing Western attitudes toward menstruation in the early part of the twentieth century? Menstruation became a. b. c. d.

less associated with adolescent storm and stress. more associated with health and hygiene than with sexuality. a focus for national debate. a topic that was more and more taboo to discuss.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 60 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2. 10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. more associated with health and hygiene than with sexuality. TB_02_60_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.11 Age-grading in schools contributes to 26 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

a. b. c. d.

advance pubertal development. delays in pubertal development. the need for puberty rituals. social comparison of physical maturity.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 61 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. social comparison of physical maturity. TB_02_61_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.11 According to recent research, which of the following best represents the effects of early maturation for girls in Western societies? Early maturing girls are a. b. c. d.

more likely to hold positive body images than late maturers. at risk for higher incidence of depressed mood. no different than normal maturing or late maturing girls. less likely to have eating disorders or substance abuse.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 62 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. at risk for higher incidence of depressed mood. TB_02_62_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.11 According to the text, why is early maturation such a problem for girls in the West? a. b. c. d.

Because Western cultures value thinness in females' appearances. Delayed physical development draws attention from younger boys. They have more favorable body images and lower levels of estrogen. Pubertal changes affect muscle development and growth spurts.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 62 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls 27 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. Because Western cultures value thinness in females' appearances. TB_02_63_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.11 Shelly is a young adult who suffers from anxiety, drinks alcohol, and is sexually active. Which of the following is most likely to describe Shelly in terms of her pubertal timing? a. b. c. d.

early maturing on time late maturing non maturing

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 62 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. early maturing TB_02_64_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.11 Early-maturing girls and late-maturing boys may be at greater risk for adjustment problems than other groups because they a. b. c. d.

experience more parental pressure because of their physical attributes. are more likely to have skin problems like acne. are more likely to compare themselves to peers who develop at "regular" ages. tend to spend more time with their friends.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 61 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. are more likely to compare themselves to peers who develop at "regular" ages. TB_02_65_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.11 The emergence of dieting behavior at the time of puberty, particularly among girls who begin developing earlier, is likely to stem from 28 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank a. b. c. d.

boyfriend/girlfriend pressures. the storm and stress of adolescence. loss of appetite due to hormonal changes. a pervasive cultural ideal of thinness.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 62 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: d. a pervasive cultural ideal of thinness. TB_02_66_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.11 Jamie became physically mature at a younger age than most peers. In high school, Jamie was popular and had a positive self-image, yet experienced more temper outbursts than peers. At the age of 37, Jamie is a very sociable person. Most likely, what is Jamie's sex? a. b. c. d.

It is impossible to tell based on research presented. Female. Male. Either male or female.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 62 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: c. Male. TB_02_67_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.11 Jamie discovered sex at an early age and smoked pot by 13 years old. Jamie likes going to parties and having sex most weekends and finds it hard to concentrate on homework. According to research, Jamie most closely fits the profile of a(n) a. b. c. d.

on-time male. early-maturing male. late-maturing female. late-maturing male.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. early-maturing male. TB_02_68_Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects_Understand_2.12 Nature is to nurture as biological is to a. b. c. d.

sexual. environmental. educational. creationist.

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 63 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype  environment effects. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. environmental. TB_02_69_Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects_Remember_2.12 The view that both biology and environment play an important role in human development is consistent with the theory of a. b. c. d.

genotype  environment effects. the distancing hypothesis. health promotion. the secular trend.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank TB_02_70_Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects_Understand_2.12 According to genotype  environment effects., we create our own environments based on our a. b. c. d.

parents' skills. family type. genetic makeup. social context.

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 63 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype  environment effects. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: c. genetic makeup. TB_02_71_Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects_Understand_2.12 According to the text, why should you be skeptical when you read studies about parents and adolescents in biological families where the behavior of parents is claimed to be the cause of the characteristics of adolescents? a. Behavior may be caused by biology and not environment. b. Behavior may be caused by environment and not biology. c. Because the divorce rate is so high in the U.S., no conclusive findings could be drawn. d. There are few studies which investigate the differential treatment of mothers and fathers. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 63 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype  environment effects. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. Behavior may be caused by biology and not environment. TB_02_72_Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects_Apply_2.12 31 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Matt is a six-year-old who constantly draws and spontaneously makes up original cartoon characters. His mother, proud of Matt's evident talent, has bought him computer graphics software and has arranged for art lessons. This situation best illustrates _______ genotypeenvironment effects. a. b. c. d.

retentive evocative passive active

Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 64 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype  environment effects. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: b. evocative TB_02_73_Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects_Remember_2.13 Which genotypeenvironment effect is MOST pronounced during childhood? a. b. c. d.

active passive evocative stable

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 64 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects Learning Objective: 2.13 Explain why genotype  environment effects change over time. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. passive TB_02_74_Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects_Understand_2.13 During adolescence and emerging adulthood, autonomy increases along with _____________ genotypeenvironment effects. a. active b. passive 32 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank c. evocative d. stable Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 64 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype Environment Effects Learning Objective: 2.13 Explain why genotype  environment effects change over time. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. active True/False TB_02_75_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.1 The word puberty is derived from the Latin word meaning "to grow larger." a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 38 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. False TB_02_76_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth_Remember_2.1 Lower levels of body fat signal the hypothalamus to increase GnRH production. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 39 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts 33 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Answer: b. False TB_02_77_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.3 Menarche is the first menstruation and the first ovulation. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 44 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. False TB_02_78_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.5 According to the text, Kikuyu boys show the first physical changes of puberty before their female peers, which is the opposite of typical Western patterns. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 47 Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Learning Objective: 2.5 Chart the typical order of pubertal events, and explain the basis for variations in their order, timing, and total duration. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_02_79_The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning_Remember_2.7 In general, puberty begins earlier in cultures where good nutrition and medical care are widely available. a. True b. False 34 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 52 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_02_80_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.8 There are some cultures that do not mark puberty with rituals. a. True b. False Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 54 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_02_81_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.8 The Asante, a culture in the African Nation of Ghana, celebrate a girl's first menstruation (menarche) with an elaborate ritual celebration, but at other times this pubertal event is viewed with dread and fear. a. True b. False Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 54-55 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_02_82_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.10 In the 1940s, Walt Disney produced an educational cartoon titled "The Story of Menstruation." a. True 35 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 60 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_02_83_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.11 You are a middle school teacher. It is possible to have students in your class who have finished pubertal development, and others who have not yet started. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 61 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_02_84_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.11 Within cultures, the timing of puberty appears to be based mainly on social factors. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 61 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. False TB_02_85_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.11 For the most part, early maturation tends to be more positive for girls than for boys. a. True 36 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 62 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. False TB_02_86_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.11 Early maturation is a problem for girls in the West because of cultural values about physical appearance. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 62 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. True TB_02_87_ Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of GenotypeEnvironment Effects _Understand_2.12 In recent years, most scholars agree that both biology and environment influence human development. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 63 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of GenotypeEnvironment Effects Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype  environment effects. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: a. True

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank TB_02_88_ Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of GenotypeEnvironment Effects _Remember_2.12 Active genotypeenvironment effects occur in biological families because parents provide both genes and environment for their children. a. True b. False Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 63 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of GenotypeEnvironment Effects Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype  environment effects. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: b. False TB_02_89_ Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of GenotypeEnvironment Effects _Remember_2.12 Evocative genotype-environment interactions remain stable over time. a. True b. False Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 64 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of GenotypeEnvironment Effects Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype  environment effects. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: a. True TB_02_90_Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of GenotypeEnvironment Effects_Remember_2.13 The theory of genotype  environment effects has garnered universal acceptance by scholars on human development. a. True b. False Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 64 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype 38 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Environment Effects Learning Objective: 2.13 Explain why genotype  environment effects change over time. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: b. False Essay TB_02_91_Cultural Responses to Puberty_Apply_2.7 Define and explain the secular trend in terms of the influence of culture on the timing and initiation of puberty. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 52 Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: Secular trend: Historical records show a steady decrease in the age of menarche in Western countries over the past 150 years. Puberty begins earlier in cultures with wider availability of health care and nutrition. TB_02_92_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Analyze_2.9 Describe the changes in parent-adolescent relationships at puberty. Provide a possible explanation for this change. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 57 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.9 Compare and contrast cultures in how puberty influences family relations. Skill: Analyze It Answer: At puberty: Relationships characterized by becoming somewhat cooler. Parent-child communication shifts from touching to talking. Conflict increases, especially for early maturing adolescents. Feel less close to mothers, and less accepted by fathers. Distancing hypothesis: Theorizes evolutionary basis for the increasing distance between parents and adolescents. That is, it is adaptive in terms of mating and reproduction for adolescents to move away from closeness with parents to find mates in a larger social circle. TB_02_93_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Understand_2.9 Describe the concept of the incest taboo. Using examples, illustrate the cultural differences that have been researched. Difficulty: 3 39 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Page Reference: 57 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.9 Compare and contrast cultures in how puberty influences family relations. Skill: Understand the Concepts Answer: Studies have shown that conflict with parents tends to be especially high for adolescents who mature early. Various explanations have been proposed, centering mostly on how the biologically based incest taboo between parents and children becomes activated once children reach sexual maturity, resulting in more distancing relations. Studies have found that this takes place mainly in two-parent White American families and one study of African American families. Distancing is not common in Latino families or in divorced mother-headed families. TB_02_94_Social and Personal Responses to Puberty_Remember_2.10 Summarize the history of American attitudes toward menarche and menstruation from the 19th Century to the present. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 60 Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: In the 19th century, menarche and menstruation were "taboo" topics in middle class America. Menstruation was associated with sexuality and thus took on the status of a "secret" topic in order to protect the "innocence" of girls. Menarche occurred later (secular trend) and most girls experienced menarche with little or no information. In the 20th century, menarche became more openly discussed and associated with health and hygiene. Information about menstruation was communicated via media and corporations. Today it is rare for girls to reach menarche without some awareness of the process. TB_02_95_Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of GenotypeEnvironment Effects_Apply_2.12 List and provide an example for the three categories of genotype-environment interaction. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 63-64 Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of GenotypeEnvironment Effects Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype  environment effects. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: Passive genotypeenvironment effects. Example: Hank's mom and dad 40 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank both have inherited artistic talent. They spend a lot of time drawing, painting, and visiting galleries. The parents include Hank in their activities and encourage his participation. Evocative genotypeenvironment effects. Example: Bernice is an agreeable, content, and calm child. Her mother responds to her with lots of smiles, cuddles, and shared activities. Active genotypeenvironment effects. Example: Like her father, Bette has inherited a real knack for biology. Therefore, she decides to join the naturalist club at her local community center.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS EOC_Q2.1 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are the two gonadotropins released by the pituitary gland that are responsible for: a. b. c. d.

stimulating the development of the gametes. most of the observable bodily changes of puberty. myelination of brain neurons and axons. synaptic pruning of the brain’s grey matter.

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q2.2 An adequate level of the protein ___________ is required to signal the ___________ to increase its production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and initiate the process of puberty. a. b. c. d.

leptin; hypothalamus estradiol; pituitary gland testosterone; hypothalamus leptin; pituitary gland

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.1 Describe the functions of the hormones in the feedback loop of the endocrine system and how they initiate puberty. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q2.3 Which of the following best illustrates the concept of asynchronicity? a. Some body parts grow faster than others during the growth spurt. b. Girls experience the growth spurt earlier than boys. c. Boys’ body parts grow in a different order than those of girls during the growth spurt. 42 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. The extremities are the last body parts to grow during the growth spurt. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Explain how the growth spurt differs for girls and boys, and identify the order in which body parts experience rapid growth. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q2.4 Which of the following best represents the occurrence of the adolescent growth spurt? a. b. c. d.

The growth spurt begins about age 11 for girls and age 13 for boys. The growth spurt begins about age 11 for boys and age 13 for girls. The growth spurt begins about the same time for boys and girls. The growth spurt begins about 3 years earlier for girls than boys.

Development of the primary sex characteristics, specifically spermarche Development of the secondary sex characteristics, specifically spermarche Development of the primary sex characteristics, specifically pubic hair Development of the secondary sex characteristics, specifically pubic hair

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Difficulty: 2

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank EOC_Q2.6 Both girls and boys tend to follow the same order of the development of secondary sex characteristics. Which of the following reflects the typical first secondary sex characteristic to develop? a. b. c. d.

Appearance of pubic hair Growth of underarm/facial hair Growth spurt Secretion of increased skin oil and sweat

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Provide the typical order of development of secondary sex characteristics in boys and girls. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q2.7 Debbie is growing pubic hair and breast buds. Which of the following is Debbie likely to experience next regarding her pubertal development? a. b. c. d.

The growth spurt Menarche Growth of underarm hair Secretion of increased skin oil and sweat

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Chart the typical order of pubertal events, and explain the basis for variations in their order, timing, and total duration. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q2.8 Jack is a 15-year-old boy in middle school in the United States. Jack recently visited his doctor, and his BMI indicated he is obese. According to researchers, which of the following is the most likely explanation for Jack’s obesity? a. Soft drinks and junk food are available in Jack’s school. b. Jack spends time playing video games. c. Jack’s parents are obese. 44 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. Jack spends time watching TV. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe how physical functioning changes during puberty, and contrast physical functioning in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q2.9 Alisha is an African American girl growing up in the United States, and Jamila is an African girl growing up in Kenya, Africa. Alisha experienced menarche at 12 years old, and Jamila experienced menarche at 16 years old. Which of the following is the best explanation for the difference in the age at which they experienced menarche? a. Accessibility to high-quality nutrition and medical care in the United States b. Heredity, such that the girls were more likely to experience menarche at the same ages that their mothers did c. Participation in sport activities that pressure girls to maintain low body weight in the United States d. Increased stress levels resulting from exposure to civil war in Africa Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q2.10 Although research by Schlegel and Barry in 1991 found that about _______% of the traditional cultures they assessed had pubertal rituals, since this time globalization has _______ the prevalence of these pubertal rituals. a. b. c. d.

75; decreased 25; increased 25; decreased 75; increased

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q2.11 Valerie is a 13-year-old White adolescent girl growing up in the United States who recently experienced menarche and is also showing visible secondary sex characteristics such as breast development. Which of the following best reflects Valerie’s family relationships now that she has reached puberty? a. Valerie and her parents now have a distant relationship, in which she feels less close to her parents. b. Valerie and her parents now have a closer relationship, in which she feels a stronger bond especially with her mother. c. Valerie’s relationship quality with her parents is the same as it was prior to puberty. d. Valerie and her parents now have a closer relationship, in which she feels a stronger bond especially with her father. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.9 Compare and contrast cultures in how puberty influences family relations. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 2 EOC_Q2.12 Imagine that Adeline is a 13-year-old girl growing up in America in the 1890s. What is Adeline’s most likely response to her experience of menarche, and why? a. Adeline is likely to be shocked and scared about menarche because the culture of her time did not advocate educating young women about menarche. b. Adeline is likely to be happy about menarche because it reflects her transition to becoming a sexually mature woman. c. Adeline is likely to be happy about menarche because it will make her feel more a part of the culture of her peers who have already begun menstruating. d. Adeline is likely to be annoyed about menarche because of having to cope with the biologically based discomfort associated with menstruation known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 2 46 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

EOC_Q2.13 Girls who mature later compared to their peers are likely to experience which of the following? a. b. c. d.

teasing substance use delinquency eating disorders

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q2.14 Which of the following best summarizes the theory of genotype → environment effects? a. Both genetics and environmental factors make contributions to human development, in which genes influence the kind of environment experienced. b. Human behavior can best be explained by genetic factors alone. c. Human behavior can best be explained by environmental factors alone. d. Both genetics and environmental factors make equal contributions to human development. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype → environment effects. Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype → Environment Effects Difficulty: 1 EOC_Q2.15 According to the theory of genotype → environment effects, __________ genotype → environment effects become _________ salient during adolescence because parental control tends to diminish and youth spend more time away from the family of origin. a. passive; less 47 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank b. passive; more c. evocative; less d. evocative; more Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.13 Explain why genotype → environment effects change over time. Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype → Environment Effects Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.1.1 The ___________ begins to increase its production of ___________ to initiate puberty, which actually occurs in middle childhood at least a year or two before even the earliest bodily changes of puberty. a. b. c. d.

hypothalamus; gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) hypothalamus; luteinizing hormone (LH) pituitary gland; follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) pituitary gland; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). estradiol and testosterone. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol. luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.1.3 Kevin and Katie are both 13-year-old adolescents who have just begun to show the observable changes of puberty. Increases in the sex hormones have influenced these observable changes, with Kevin producing more _________ than Katie and Katie producing more _________ than Kevin. a. b. c. d.

testosterone; estradiol sperm; egg cells follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone (LH) estradiol; testosterone

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Explain how the growth spurt differs for girls and boys, and identify the order in which body parts experience rapid growth. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.1.4 Emmy and Matthew are 18-year-old adolescents and as such have undergone puberty. Which of the following best illustrates how Emmy and Matthew are different in terms of their physical growth by the end of puberty? a. As a result of a higher level of testosterone production during puberty, Matthew has a higher muscle-to-fat ratio than Emmy at the end of puberty. b. As a result of increases in testosterone production during puberty, Matthew and Emmy have less fat at the end of puberty. c. As a result of increases in testosterone production during puberty, Matthew and Emmy have equal muscle-to-fat ratios at the end of puberty. d. As a result of a higher level of testosterone production during puberty, Matthew has a lower muscle-to-fat ratio than Emmy at the end of puberty. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.2 Explain how the growth spurt differs for girls and boys, and identify the order in which body parts experience rapid growth. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth Difficulty: 2

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

EOM_Q2.1.5 _____________ is when the adolescent growth spurt is at its maximum and adolescents grow an average of about 4 inches per year. a. b. c. d.

Peak height velocity Asynchronicity Hormone production Set point

primary sex characteristics secondary sex characteristics puberty characteristics reproductive characteristics

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.2.2 Which of the following exemplifies the development of secondary sex characteristics? a. Leslie is 14 years old and has noticed her skin is oilier and more prone to acne. b. Sadie is 14 years old and has been experiencing monthly menstrual cycles for 1 year. c. Brad is 13 years old and just experienced semenarche, or his first ejaculation. 50 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. Greg is 14 years old and has noticed that his penis has grown in length and diameter. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.4 Provide the typical order of development of secondary sex characteristics in boys and girls. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.2.3 David has begun to shave because of the growth of his facial hair over the past few months. Which of the following has David already experienced regarding his pubertal development? a. b. c. d.

Spermarche Menarche Peak VO2 max Maximum physical height

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.5 Chart the typical order of pubertal events, and explain the basis for variations in their order, timing, and total duration. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.2.4 During puberty, adolescents’ hearts and lungs experience considerable growth. This growth has implications for changes in physical functioning such that adolescents’ heart rate _____________ and vital capacity _____________. a. b. c. d.

decreases; increases increases; decreases stabilizes; increases increases; stabilizes

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe how physical functioning changes during puberty, and contrast physical functioning in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning 51 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.2.5 Which of the following statements best describes physical functioning in emerging adulthood compared to adolescence? a. The opportunity for peak physical functioning is highest during emerging adulthood; however, as a result of lifestyle behaviors, emerging adulthood is also a time in which there is a high incidence of disease, injury, and death. b. Physical functioning, such as VO2 max, cardiac output, and reaction time, is similar during adolescence and emerging adulthood. c. Peak physical functioning, including VO2 max and cardiac output, are achieved during adolescence and then decline into emerging adulthood. d. Susceptibility to physical illness is lowest during adolescence, whereas physical functioning is highest during emerging adulthood. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe how physical functioning changes during puberty, and contrast physical functioning in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Topic: The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.3.1 Access to a culture’s technologies that include adequate ________ and _________ can influence the timing of puberty because puberty takes place earlier when health conditions are favorable. a. b. c. d.

nutrition; medical care nutrition; education medical care; education energy sources; nutrition

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.3.2

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank Which of the following statements best summarizes what scholars believe explains the secular trend in the age of puberty? a. As medical advances have reduced illnesses and advances in food production have enhanced nutrition over the past 150 years, puberty has come sooner. b. An increase in the obesity rate among adolescents over the past 50 years has influenced puberty to come sooner. c. Steep declines in physical activity from middle childhood to adolescence have influenced puberty to come sooner. d. As playing computer games and watching television have become the most popular leisure activities among adolescents over the past 50 years, this sedentary lifestyle has influenced puberty to come sooner. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.7 Explain how culture influences the timing of puberty. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.3.3 Historically, traditional cultures have puberty rituals to mark the departure from childhood and the entrance into adolescence. Which pubertal event is most commonly marked by a ritual for adolescent girls? a. b. c. d.

Menarche Breast development Pubic hair growth Growth spurt

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.3.4 In traditional cultures, puberty rituals for male adolescents typically involve activities that require boys to display which of the following characteristics? a. Strength and courage b. Patience and kindness c. Humor and wit 53 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank d. Strength and humor Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.3.5 Which of the following traditional cultures engages in mikveh, which is a ritual bath taken a week after an adolescent girl’s first period as a way of cleansing themselves of the impurity believed to be associated with menstruation? a. b. c. d.

Orthodox Jews Asante of Ghana Sambia of New Guinea Samoans

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.8 Identify the rates of prevalence of puberty rituals across cultures, and explain the function of these rituals. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.4.1 __________ cultures tend to experience __________ distancing in parent–child relationships during puberty because youth typically spend a large portion of their day in shared labor with their parents. a. b. c. d.

Traditional; less Traditional; more Western; less Western; more

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.9 Compare and contrast cultures in how puberty influences family relations. Topic: Cultural Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.4.2 54 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Sharon has not experienced her first menstruation. Which of the following would increase the likelihood of Sharon having a positive experience with her first period? a. Conversations with her mom about what menstruation is and how to prepare for it b. Conversations with her mom about how menstruation is always painful c. Conversations with her friends about how menstruation is always painful d. Conversations with her mom about how menstruation can influence one’s good luck Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.4.3 In America, boys are ________ to tell their friends about their first ejaculation, and most boys report feeling ________ as part of their experience of semenarche. a. b. c. d.

unlikely; guilt unlikely; proud likely; guilt likely; proud

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe personal responses to menarche and semenarche among adolescents and how these responses are shaped by cultures. Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.4.4 14-year-old Trey is taller, more muscular, and has some facial hair compared to the rest of his friends. Which of the following is Trey likely to experience? a. Compared to his friends, Trey is more likely to be popular. b. Compared to his friends, Trey is more likely to have good relationships with his parents. c. Compared to his friends, Trey is more likely to engage in volunteer activities. d. Compared to his friends, Trey is more likely to have a poor body image. 55 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.4.5 Compared to early maturing boys, early maturing girls are _______ likely to have a negative body image and _______ likely to become involved in delinquent behaviors. a. b. c. d.

more; equally more; less less; more equally; more

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.11 Summarize the gender differences in how boys and girls respond to reaching puberty relatively early or late. Topic: Social and Personal Responses to Puberty Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.5.1 _________ studies help disentangle the correlational limitation of interpreting passive genotype → environment effects. a. b. c. d.

Adoption Longitudinal Cross-sectional Ethnographic

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype → environment effects. Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype → Environment Effects Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.5.2 Which of the following best reflects an example of active genotype → environment effects? 56 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

a. An adolescent boy chooses to volunteer in the local animal shelter because of his longstanding interest in becoming a veterinarian. b. An adolescent boy’s parents enroll him in piano lessons because they think he should develop musical skills. c. An adolescent girl’s English teacher asks her to join the debate club because she is excelling in her writing coursework. d. An adolescent girl’s parents send her to boarding school because she has consistently been expelled from school for misbehavior. Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype → environment effects. Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype → Environment Effects Difficulty: 2 EOM_Q2.5.3 ________ genotype → environment effects occur when a person’s inherited characteristics stimulate responses from others in their environment. a. b. c. d.

Evocative Active Passive Effective

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.12 Compare and contrast passive, evocative, and active genotype → environment effects. Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype → Environment Effects Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.5.4 According to the theory of genotype → environment effects, __________ genotype → environment effects are stable from childhood through emerging adulthood. a. b. c. d.

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank

Answer: a Learning Objective: 2.13 Explain why genotype → environment effects change over time. Topic: Biological Development and the Environment: The Theory of Genotype → Environment Effects Difficulty: 1 EOM_Q2.5.5 An increase in _________ during adolescence is hypothesized to be the main factor explaining increases in active genotype → environment effects. a. b. c. d.

autonomy parental control cognitive ability peer relationships

TOTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDE

Topic Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Cognitive Development in Emerging Adulthood: Postformal Thinking The InformationProcessing Approach Practical Cognition: Critical Thinking and Decision Making Social Cognition

The Psychometric Approach: Intelligence Testing Brain Development in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

Chapter 3 Cognitive Foundations

Remember the Facts 2, 5, 10, 22

Understand the Concepts 3-4, 8, 12

Apply What You Know 1, 6-7, 9, 11, 13-16, 18-20

23, 26

24, 28

Analyze It 17, 21

77-78 95 25, 27, 29

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

33, 36-37, 40-41, 47, 49 80, 82

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

59, 64

Multiple Choice True/False Short Essay

74-75

30, 42

31, 34-35, 38, 32, 39, 45 43-44, 46, 48

81 52-54

50, 55

60, 63

56-58, 61-62

65-66, 70

83-84

85-86 67-69, 72-73 87-90 76

91 94

92, 93 51

Arnett Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 6e Test Bank TB_03_01_Introduction_Apply_3.1 Ed is a 14-year-old boy living in Seattle. Where is Ed likely to face most of his intellectual challenges? a. b. c. d.

completing his daily school activities working in his chosen career providing for his family testing his bravery

Difficulty: 1 Page Reference: 68-69 Topic: Introduction Learning Objective: (Introduction) 3.1 Explain the principles of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, including mental structures, maturation, schemes, assimilation, and accommodation. Skill: Apply What You Know Answer: a. completing his daily school activities TB_03_02_Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development_Remember_3.1 When Piaget shifted his interest from studying mollusks to studying human development, he was interested in a. b. c. d.

seeing how evolution influenced development. children's interactions with animals. tracing the impact of genetics. wrong answers children gave on intelligence tests.

Difficulty: 2 Page Reference: 69 Topic: Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Learning Objective: 3.1 Explain the principles of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, including mental structures, maturation, schemes, assimilation, and accommodation. Skill: Remember the Facts Answer: d. wrong answers children gave on intelligence tests. TB_03_03_Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development_Understand_3.1 In terms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what statement does NOT belong? a. distinct stages b. formal operations 2 Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.