TEST BANK for Abnormal Child Psychology 7th Edition Mash by welldoneassistant

Abnormal Child Psychology 7th Edition Mash Test Bank 1. A child typically enters the mental health system a. by asking for a referral from a pediatrician b. through the criminal justice system c. by the actions, positive or negative, of peers d. through teachers, counselors, or parents ANSWER: POINTS:

d 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Introduction QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 2. Many child and adolescent problems can be best described as the a. failure to demonstrate expected developmental progress b. absence of the key survival skills needed to thrive c. result of excessive expectations by parents d. stresses associated with educational demands ANSWER: POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

a 1 Moderate Introduction

QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

3. Patterns of behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical symptoms shown by an individual are defined as a. psychological disorders b. defiance of norms c. disobedience d. distress ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 4. Interventions for children and adolescents are often intended to a. restore previous levels of functioning b. serve as a warning for negative behavior c. reform behavior to conform to norms d. eliminate distress and promote further development ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Introduction QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

5. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, children’s mental health problems were attributed to a. possession by the devil or other evil forces b. poor parenting practices c. chemical imbalances d. low self-esteem ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 6. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, acts of child maltreatment were a. illegal and punishable by severe fines b. very uncommon but largely overlooked c. practiced primarily among lower socioeconomic classes d. considered to be a parent’s right for educating or disciplining a child ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

7. John Locke (1632–1704) advanced the belief that children were a. possessed by the devil

b. uncivilized c. emotionally sensitive beings d. young adults ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 8. The work of Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard (1775–1838) is notable in that . a. his orientation toward children was one of care and helping, in contrast to the times b. he was the first documented individual to use behavioral techniques with children c. he was a strong advocate for sending disturbed children to asylums d. he initiated the Massachusetts’ Stubborn Child Act ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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9. How did Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard believe he could tame the “wild boy of Aveyron”? a. Exorcism b. Environmental stimulation c. Allow him to behave as he did in the wild d. Peer modeling ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 10. Which method did Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard use to tame the “wild boy of Aveyron”? a. Cold showers b. Tranquilizers c. Timeouts d. Massages ANSWER:

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11. At the end of the nineteenth century, children with intellectual disabilities were regarded as a. suffering from “moral insanity”

b. imbeciles c. lunatics d. possessed by the devil ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 12. At the end of the nineteenth century, children with normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behavior were thought to be . a. suffering from “moral insanity” b. imbeciles c. diseased d. possessed by the devil ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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13. The first disorder unique to children and adolescents was a. masturbatory insanity

b. schizoid disorder c. moral insanity d. manic depression ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 14. During the early part of the twentieth century, the biological disease model of mental problems led to a. the belief that mental illness had no physical basis b. improved treatments c. more controlled research methods d. eugenics and segregation ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Analyze DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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15. Freud was the first to link mental disorders to a. neurotransmitter imbalances

b. early childhood experiences c. possession by evil spirits d. classical conditioning ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 16. Freud’s theory focused on . a. single causes of behavior b. multiple causes of behavior c. diseases of the mind d. neurological causes of behavior ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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17. Efforts to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive categories are called a. etiologies b. differentials c. nosologies d. prescriptives ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: EASY REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 18. Who is referred to as the “Father of Behaviorism”? a. Freud b. Albert c. Watson d. Rayner ANSWER:

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19. The development of a. psychodynamic

treatment can be traced back to the rise of behaviorism in the early 1900s.

b. evidence-based c. group-based d. humanist ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 20. In the first half of the twentieth century, most children with mental disorders were a. institutionalized b. treated with behavior therapy c. treated with psychoanalysis d. overlooked ANSWER:

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21. The work of Rene Spitz . a. led to the development of an organic model of mental illness b. is the first documented attempt to help a special needs child c. led to some of the first empirically supported behavioral techniques for eliminating children’s fears d. raised serious questions about the harmful impact of institutionalization on children’s development ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 22. During the 1950s and 1960s, a. psychoanalysis b. family therapy c. behavior therapy d. institutionalization ANSWER:

emerged as a systematic approach to the treatment of childhood disorders.

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23. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; Public Law 104-446) mandates a. segregated education for children with special needs b. the use of IQ tests for assessing children c. standardized programs for children identified as special needs d. education in the least restrictive environment possible ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 24. What is the purpose of an Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)? a. To test the child using standardized tests b. To accurately diagnose each child’s illness against a model c. To tailor the child’s school program to his or her needs d. To understand the role of family history in mental health ANSWER:

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25. The 2007 United Nations Treaty adopted a new convention to . a. provide free and appropriate education to children with special needs b. improve disability rights and abolish discrimination c. provide psychotherapy services to children with special needs d. improve test measures to diagnose children with special needs ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 26. Psychological disorders are defined as patterns of behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical symptoms that are associated with . a. deviance b. defiance of norms c. disobedience d. distress ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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27. In contrast to adults, abnormality in children is often defined in terms of a. stage of development

b. everyday stress c. disability d. addiction ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 28. Which description of a child would be considered labeling a child rather than describing her behavior? a. Ashley is a child with mental retardation. b. Karlee is an anxious child. c. Amber is a child with autism. d. Robyn is a child who is small. ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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29. Boundaries between abnormal versus normal functioning are a. scientifically defined

b. relatively arbitrary c. well-established d. determined by each family ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 30. What concept states that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings such as child maltreatment? a. Trifinality b. Ethnic finality c. Equifinality d. Multifinality ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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31. Successful adaptation to the environment varies across a. psychological theories

b. developmental stages c. region of the country d. culture and ethnicity ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 32. The ability to successfully adapt in the environment is referred to as a. intelligence b. adjustment c. resilience d. coping ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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33. To determine a child’s competencies, it is useful to have some knowledge of a. institutional norms b. animal behavior c. adult dysfunctions d. developmental tasks ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 34. Which of the following is not a developmental task of middle childhood? a. Academic achievement b. Getting along with peers c. Differentiating self from environment d. Rule-governed conduct ANSWER:

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35. Which of the following is not a developmental task of adolescence? a. Academic achievement b. Self-control and compliance c. Forming a cohesive sense of self-identity d. Involvement in extracurricular activities ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 36. Which of the following is not a developmental task of infancy? a. Attachment to caregiver b. Language c. Differentiation of self from environment d. Forming close friendships within and across gender ANSWER:

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37. Which of the following is not an affect that occurs because of stigma? a. Fear b. Rejection c. Avoidance d. Motivation ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 38. Multifinality refers to the observation that . a. different disorders may stem from similar causes b. various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings c. the same disorder may have different causes d. developmental pathways may converge at the end ANSWER:

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39. Conduct disorder may arise from different developmental pathways, a concept known as a. equifinality b. multifinality c. developmental diversity d. disordered beginnings ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 40. Which is an example of resiliency? a. Submissiveness b. Coping skills c. Networking skills d. Physical aptitude ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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41. A risk factor is a variable that a. follows a negative outcome

b. increases the likelihood that a negative outcome will occur c. indicates positive outcomes d. decreases the likelihood that negative outcome will occur ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 42. Which of the following is true with respect to resilience? a. Resilience is relevant to a few, traumatic life events. b. Resilience cannot be learned or taught. c. Resilience remains consistent over time. d. Resilience may vary over time and across situations. ANSWER:

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43. By the year 2020, global child and adolescent mental health issues, in terms of disability, will a. decrease by 50% b. remain the same as the present day c. slightly increase d. surpass physical health issues ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Significance of Mental Health Problems among Children and Youths QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 44. Which risk factor is most likely to increase a child’s vulnerability to psychopathology? a. Chronic poverty b. Impulsivity c. Two-career families d. Lack of siblings ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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45. “Forming a cohesive sense of self-identity” is a task done by children in which age group? a. Infancy to preschool b. Middle childhood c. Adolescence d. None of these are correct ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 46. Girls have higher rates of a. illiteracy b. autism c. depression d. ADHD ANSWER:

than boys.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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47. Childhood poverty is a daily reality for about one in a. four

children in the United States.

b. five c. seven d. eight ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 48. Which statement about children’s mental health is false? a. About 1 in 15 children has a mental health problem that impairs their functioning. b. Approximately 75% of children with mental health problems receive proper services. c. Race plays more of a role than socioeconomic status (SES) in disorder rates among children. d. About 1 in 10 children meets the criteria for a specific psychological disorder. ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Significance of Mental Health Problems among Children and Youths QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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49. A significant number of children today . a. will have the same development trajectory to adulthood b. do not grow out of their childhood difficulties by adulthood c. face greater stressors at earlier ages than children of the past d. have the same types of problems as children of the past ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 50. Which children are disproportionately afflicted with mental health problems? a. Those who are recent immigrants b. Those who are only children c. Those with more than two siblings d. Those born to parents with mental health issues ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: The Significance of Mental Health Problems among Children and Youths QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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51. The significant difficulties that children in chronic poverty experience may be due to a. damage to the cerebellum

b. an underactive amygdala c. certain genetic markers d. impaired prefrontal cortex development ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 52. Which statement is true regarding LGBT youth? a. They are more likely to seek help from adults. b. They often experience verbal and physical abuse. c. They have fewer academic problems. d. They are more likely to be bullies. ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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53. Which statement reflects the differences in mental health problems between boys and girls? a. Anxiety disorders are more common in boys than girls. b. Sex differences in problem behaviors exhibit by early infancy. c. Boys demonstrate more difficulties than girls starting in early adolescence. d. Boys’ externalizing problems are more prevalent than girls’ in the preschool years. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 54. Which statement is true about children with mental health problems from ethnic and racial minority groups? a. Minority children in the United States are overrepresented in rates of some disorders. b. No differences emerge in relation to race and mental health even when controlling for other factors. c. Minority children and youth do not face any more disadvantages in life than other children. d. Ethnic representation in research studies has received a great deal of attention in studies of child psychopathology. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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55. Each year nearly a. 100,000 b. 200,000

verified reports of child abuse and neglect are reported in the United States.

c. 500,000 d. 1,000,000 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 56. U.S. phone surveys suggest that about a. one-tenth

of 10- to 16-year-olds experience physical and/or sexual abuse.

b. one-fourth c. one-third d. one-half ANSWER:

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57. Phone surveys suggest that about of 12- to 17-year-olds met criteria for either post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, or substance abuse/dependence. a. 1% to 5% b. 5% to 9% c. 16% to 19% d. 20% to 35% ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 58. Which of the following issues make adolescence a particularly vulnerable period? a. Risky sexual behavior b. Sporting teams c. Chores at home d. Technology use ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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59. Children with the most chronic and serious disorders . a. are more likely to receive help, and therefore, to succeed in school b. face sizable difficulties throughout their lives c. are less likely to have social problems in online venues d. do not tend to carry a psychiatric disorder into adulthood ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 60. What might be one consequence associated with child psychopathology? a. Increased demands on community resources, such as health systems b. Less funding for educational institutions c. Less interest in interventions d. Increased funding for criminal justice systems ANSWER:

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61. The most dangerous place for a child to try to grow up in America is at the intersection of a. race and poverty

b. race and ethnicity c. child maltreatment and nonaccidental trauma d. poverty and ethnicity ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 62. Which of the following disadvantages can impair a child’s developmental progress significantly? a. Less education b. Limited resources c. Greater exposure to violence d. All of these are correct ANSWER:

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63.

% of homeless families in the United States are headed by women. a. 100 b. 40 c. 88 d. 90 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

64. Until the mid-twentieth century, which mental condition was believed to be caused by inadequate, uncaring parents? a. Bipolar disorder b. Autism c. Depression d. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Significance of Mental Health Problems among Children and Youths QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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65. According to surveys conducted in North America, one in eight children has a mental health problem that . a. impairs functioning b. results in poor development c. results in malnutrition d. All of these are correct ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Significance of Mental Health Problems among Children and Youths QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 66. Mental health and substance abuse social workers are projected to have the largest shortage of more than counselors nationwide in 2025. a. 50,000 b. 2,000 c. 30,000 d. 10,000 ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Significance of Mental Health Problems among Children and Youths QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 12:22 PM

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67. How has the societal view of children changed throughout history and who were some of the major historical figures responsible for these changes?

ANSWER:

Early writings suggest that children were considered servants of the state in the city-states of early Greece. Ancient Greek and Roman societies believed that any person—young or old— with a physical or mental handicap, disability, or deformity was an economic burden and a social embarrassment, and thus was to be scorned, abandoned, or put to death. Today we recognize children as valuable, independent of any other purpose, to help them develop normal lives and competencies. Some of the major influences were Freud, Watson, and Locke.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 68. Compare and contrast various childhood risk factors that increase a child’s vulnerability for developing a psychological disorder.

ANSWER:

Children who face many known risk factors, such as community violence and parental divorce, are vulnerable to abnormal development. Acute, stressful situations as well as chronic adversity put children’s successful development at risk. Chronic poverty, serious care-giving deficits, parental mental illness, divorce, homelessness, and racial prejudice are known risk factors that increase children’s vulnerability to psychopathology—especially in the absence of compensatory strengths and resources.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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69. In regard to legislation pertaining to children with special needs and education, what is IDEA and what does it mandate?

ANSWER:

In the United States, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; Public Law 104446) mandates free and appropriate public education for any child with special needs in the least restrictive environment for that child; each child with special needs, regardless of age, must be assessed with culturally appropriate tests; each of these children must have an individualized education program (IEP) tailored to his or her needs, and must be reassessed.

POINTS:

DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 70. What is an IEP and what is its purpose? ANSWER:

An IEP is an individualized education program tailored to his or her needs and must be reassessed.

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Easy

REFERENCES:

Historical Views and Breakthroughs

QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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71. What is the goal of the Treaty that the United Nations General Assembly adopted in 2007 regarding persons with disabilities?

ANSWER:

In 2007, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a new convention to protect the rights of persons with disabilities around the world. This convention represents an important shift from addressing the “special needs” of children to realizing their rights and removing the physical, linguistic, social, and cultural barriers that remain. Countries that ratify the convention agree to enact laws and other measures to improve disability rights, and also to abolish legislation, customs, and practices that discriminate against persons with disabilities.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Historical Views and Breakthroughs QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 72. What should be considered when diagnosing most child and adolescent psychological disorders? ANSWER:

To judge what is abnormal, we need to be sensitive to each child’s stage of development and consider each child’s unique methods of coping and way of compensating for difficulties.

POINTS: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES:

1 Easy What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents?

QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 73. In what ways can low income and/or poverty affect children’s development? ANSWER:

Poverty has a significant, yet indirect, effect on children’s adjustment, most likely because of its association with negative influences—particularly harsh, inconsistent parenting and elevated exposure to acute and chronic stressors—that define the day-to-day experiences of children in poverty.

74. Define the concept of competence. How may competence be assessed? ANSWER:

Definitions of abnormal child behavior must consider the child’s competence—that is, the ability to successfully adapt in the environment. Developmental tasks, which include broad domains of competence such as conduct and academic achievement, tell how children typically progress within each domain as they grow. Knowledge of the developmental tasks provides an important backdrop for considering a child or adolescent’s developmental progress and impairments.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 75. Distinguish between the concepts of multifinality and equifinality. Provide an example of each concept. ANSWER:

Multifinality is a concept that proposes that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings (in this case, child maltreatment). Equifinality is a concept that proposes that similar outcomes stem from different early experiences and developmental pathways.

POINTS: DIFFICULTY:

1 Easy

REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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76. Distinguish between risk and resilience. ANSWER:

A risk factor is a variable that precedes a negative outcome of interest and increases the chances that the outcome will occur. Children who survive risky environments by using their strong self-confidence, coping skills, and abilities to avoid risk situations may be considered resilient—they seem able to fight off or recover from their misfortune.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: Risk and Resilience QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 77. What are some of the key factors affecting rates and expression of mental disorders? ANSWER:

New pressures and social changes may place children at increasing risk for the development of disorders at younger ages (Obradovic et al., 2010). Many stressors today are quite different from those faced by our parents and grandparents. Some have been around for generations: chronic poverty, inequality, family breakup, single parenting, and so on. Others are more recent or are now more visible: homelessness, adjustment problems of children in immigrant families, inadequate child care available to working parents, and conditions associated with the impact of prematurity, parental HIV, and cocaine or alcohol abuse on children’s growth and development.

POINTS:

DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM

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78. What are some of the findings regarding sex differences in children’s mental health problems? ANSWER:

Hyperactivity, autism, childhood disruptive behavior disorders, and learning and communication disorders are more common in boys than in girls; the opposite is true for most anxiety disorders, adolescent depression, and eating disorders.

Resilience in boys is associated with households in which there is a male role model (such as a father, grandfather, or older brother); structure; rules; and some encouragement of emotional expressiveness. In contrast, girls who display resilience come from households that combine risk taking and independence with support from a female caregiver.

Children from certain ethnic and racial groups in the United States are overrepresented in rates of some disorders, such as substance abuse, delinquency, and teen suicide (Nguyen et al., 2007). However, once the effects of socioeconomic status (SES), sex, age, and referral status are controlled for (i.e., the unique contributions of these factors are removed or accounted for), few differences in the rate of children’s psychological disorders emerge in relation to race or ethnicity.

81. Discuss the difficulties sexual minority youth experience in society and which mental health disorders they are most at risk for developing.

ANSWER:

According to several large surveys of LGBT youths in middle and high schools, they are more likely to be victimized by their peers as well as by family members, and they report more bullying, teasing, harassment, and physical assault than other students. Given the stigma and prejudice that exist in many parts of society, it is not surprising that young people who are LGBT have higher rates of mental health problems, including depression and suicidal behavior, substance abuse, and risky sexual behavior, as compared with their heterosexual counterparts.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: What Affects Rates and Expression of Mental Disorders? A Look at Some Key Factors QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 82. Compare and contrast the factors that are most associated with the standard of “normal” behavior between adults and children. How are the standards of “normal” differently assessed for children as compared to adults and what are some potential problems with a system that involves an arbitrary standard for determining who is normal versus abnormal?

ANSWER:

The current system involves an arbitrary line that determines normal versus abnormal behavior that can lead to problems with labels, stigma, incorrect diagnosis, and ineffective treatments. Adult patterns of abnormal behavior include personal distress, impairment of daily function, and increased risk of harm to self or others. Childhood abnormal behavior is assessed in terms of developmental pathways, which include reviewing various domains of competency, resiliency, and risk factors that may increase vulnerability. The process for both children and adults involves agreement about particular patterns of behavior, emotional and physical symptoms show by the individual.

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83. Do the majority of children with psychological disorders have access to appropriate mental health services? Support your answer with evidence and discuss the long-term implications for this current mental health system.

ANSWER:

No, fewer than 10% of children with mental health problems receive appropriate services at the appropriate time. Limited access to appropriate services increases long-term vulnerability and dysfunction.

POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: What Is Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents? QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Think Critically DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:03 AM 84. Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic perspective with behaviorism. Discuss the key figures associated with each area of psychology and major theories. Identify the perspective that has contributed the most to current treatments for childhood psychological disorders.

ANSWER:

Freud is most associated with psychoanalytic theory, which asserted that behaviors are the result of unresolved, unconscious conflicts. Freud is the first to associate childhood experiences with mental disorders. Behaviorism includes theories that highlight the influence of the environment on behavior and include classical conditioning. Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner are most associated with this perspective. The development of evidence-based treatments are most associated with behaviorism.

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1. Children’s problems must be considered in the context of their a. individual nature

b. family dynamics c. community/culture d. all of these ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Introduction QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: An Integrative Approach KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 2. Victor is fearful of approaching new situations and often appears inhibited. Victor’s mother reports that she struggles with similar difficulties and he may have inherited it from her. This is an example of . a. emotional influences b. biological influences c. cognitive influences d. behavioral influences ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: What Is Causing Jorge’s Problems? QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Jorge’s Problems KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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3. Etiology refers to the a. possible root causes

of childhood disorders.

b. possible treatments c. various correlations d. various preventions ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Theoretical Foundation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Theoretical Foundations KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 4. What is an underlying assumption with regard to abnormal child behavior? a. Abnormal development is solely determined by the child’s genetic makeup. b. Abnormal development is solely determined by the child’s environment. c. Abnormal development involves continuities and discontinuities. d. Abnormal development focuses on extreme or bizarre behavior. ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Theoretical Foundation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Abnormal Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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5. Isabella is 3 years old, and frequently demands attention, overreacts, and refuses to go to bed. These behaviors are considered . a. typical because of her age b. diagnosable as a clinical disorder c. signs of an overly sensitive child d. early warning signs of future difficulties ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Theoretical Foundation QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Developmental Overview KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 6. Brett is an aggressive preschooler, who often bites other children and throws toys at his teacher. When Brett finished 3rd grade, he was asked to find another school to attend since he had repeatedly hit his classmates and kicked the principal. Brett’s behavioral patterns are an example of a. abnormal behavior that follows a discontinuities pattern. b. abnormal behavior that follows a continuity pattern. c. normal age appropriate development. d. sociopathic behavior that is rare in young children. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Theoretical Foundations QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Abnormal Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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7. When developmental psychopathologists view adaptive and maladaptive behaviors as the result of previous interactions and experiences spread over several years, they refer to the process as a. typical development. b. environmental determinants. c. developmental cascades. d. developmental theoretics. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Theoretical Foundations QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Developmental Psychopathology Perspective KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 8. An integrative approach to the psychopathology of a child means that a. maladaptive behaviors are acceptable. b. all development takes place on a continuum. c. more than one therapist has to see the child. d. many theories and concepts can be used to explain behavior. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Theoretical Foundations QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Integrative Approach KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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9. Most often, adaptational failure is due to a(n) a. single, definable cause

b. longstanding biological maladaptation c. ongoing interaction between the individual and environment d. sudden onset of an environmental challenge ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Developmental Considerations QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Abnormal Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 10. A toddler learning to make sounds such as “mememe” and “bagabaga” before learning how to use intelligible language indicates a structure and process to development, otherwise known as the a. organization of development. b. hierarchy of development. c. biological perspective. d. integrative perspective. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Developmental Considerations QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Organization of Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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11. The windows of time during which environmental influences on development are enhanced are called a. sensitive periods

b. critical periods c. crucial periods d. necessary periods ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Developmental Considerations QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Organization of Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 12.

, The brain develops and grows over a lifetime, but from birth to 11 years, the most dramatic changes occur. Problems or disruptions that occur when a child is young can lead to a. disorganized development. b. organic disorders. c. hierarchical development. d. broken synapses. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Developmental Considerations QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Biological Perspective KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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13. Children’s development occurs in a(n) a. mostly random

manner.

b. strictly organized c. strictly hierarchical d. organized and hierarchical ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Developmental consideration QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Organization of Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 14. The developmental psychopathology approach to studying childhood disorders emphasizes the importance of developmental . a. disruptions b. processes and tasks c. regressions d. obstacles ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Theoretical Foundations QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Abnormal Developmental KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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15. The two terms that are used to explain how a child’s interaction with his/her environment can lead to the development of maladaptive behaviors are a. organized and interactive b. interactive and proactive c. transaction and interdependent d. transaction and transition ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Theoretical Foundations QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Abnormal Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 16. The role that a child’s primary caretaker has in terms of that child’s brain development is crucial, since those early experiences form the part of the brain that is responsible for their . a. planning and complex processes b. Problem-solving skills c. emotion, personality, and behavior d. Fine and gross motor skills ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Organization of Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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17. Brain maturity occurs in a(n) a. mostly random

fashion.

b. strictly organized c. strictly hierarchical d. organized and hierarchical ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Organization of Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 18. Which statement about neural development is false? a. Most developing axons reach their destination even before a baby is born. b. Synapses both proliferate and disappear in early childhood. c. Brain connections are relatively predetermined and cannot be changed by the environment. d. Primitive areas of the brain develop first. ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Neurobiological Contribution KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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19. Which statement about neural development is true? a. Major restructuring of the brain in relation to puberty occurs between 6 and 9 years of age. b. The brain stops developing after 3 years of age. c. Primitive areas of the brain mature last. d. The prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum are not wired until a person is 5 to 7 years old. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Organization of Development KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 20. Which statement about our genetic makeup is false? a. Genes determine behavior. b. Genes are composed of DNA. c. Genes produce proteins. d. The expression of genes is influenced by the environment. ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspective QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Genetic Contributions KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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21. The problem with family aggregation studies is that they a. are difficult to carry out

b. do not control for environmental variables c. only tell us about the influence of the environment d. only tell us about chromosomal abnormalities ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Genetic Contributions KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 22. Molecular geneticists focus on finding a specific gene for childhood disorder, while behavioral geneticists a. study the possible connection between genetic predisposition and behavior b. study the possible connection between genes and education c. focus on brain development between 3 and 5 years d. focus on neural synapsis developing until age 11 ANSWER:

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23. Which part of the brain is most responsible for regulating our emotional experiences, expressions, and impulses? a. Hypothalamus b. Hindbrain c. Basal ganglia d. Limbic system ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Brain Structure and Function KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 24. Epinephrine is also known as a. dopamine b. serotonin c. cortisol d. adrenaline ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Neurotransmitters KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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25. Which part of the brain is implicated in disorders affecting motor behavior? a. Hypothalamus b. Hindbrain c. Basal ganglia d. Limbic system ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 26. The gives us the distinct qualities that make us human and allows us to think about the future, to be playful, and to be creative. a. cerebral cortex b. limbic system c. brainstem d. hippocampus ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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27. The a. temporal

lobes contain the functions underlying much of our thinking and reasoning abilities.

b. frontal c. parietal d. occipital ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Brain Structure and Function KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 28. The gland produces epinephrine in response to stress. a. hypothalamus b. thyroid c. adrenal d. pituitary ANSWER:

POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Brain Structure and Function KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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29. Mike is having a very difficult time in school. Which gland would produce epinephrine in response to the stress he is experiencing? a. Hypothalamus b. Cortisol c. Adrenal d. Tegmentum ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Brain Structure and Function KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 30. Cindy has recently been diagnosed with anorexia. From a biological perspective, which neurotransmitter plays a role in eating disorders? a. GABA b. Serotonin c. Dopamine d. Pituitary ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Neurotransmitters KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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31. The gland oversees the body’s regulatory functions by producing several hormones, including estrogen and testosterone. a. pineal b. pituitary c. thyroid d. adrenal ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Brain Structure and Function KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 32.

has been implicated in several psychological disorders, especially those connected to a person’s response to stress and ability to regulate emotions. a. The HPA axis b. BZ-GABA c. Norepinephrine d. Dopamine ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: TOPICS: KEYWORDS: DATE CREATED:

False Brain Structure and Function Bloom’s: Understand 10/24/2017 7:15 AM

DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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33. What is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces overall arousal and levels of anger, hostility, and aggression? a. Serotonin b. Benzodiazepine-GABA c. Norepinephrine d. Dopamine ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Biological Perspectives QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM 34.

acts like a “switch” in the brain, turning on various circuits associated with certain types of behavior. a. Serotonin b. Benzodiazepine-GABA c. Norepinephrine d. Dopamine ANSWER: POINTS: REFERENCES:

d 1 Biological Perspectives

QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice HAS VARIABLES: False TOPICS: Neurotransmitters KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand DATE CREATED: 10/24/2017 7:15 AM DATE MODIFIED: 10/24/2017 7:29 AM

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