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CHAPTER 1 Automotive Background and Overview REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. In 1900, by what was the most produced vehicle powered? (Text page 1) The most produced vehicle was powered by steam. 2. What parts are included in the vehicle chassis? (Text page 2) A vehicle chassis includes the frame (or body), axles, wheels, tires, suspension, and brakes. 3. Why were early engines called flat heads? (Text page 4) Early engines were called flat heads because the valves were located in the block next to the cylinders instead of being placed in the cylinder head. As a result, the cylinder heads were flat. 4. What is the difference between a unit-body and body-on-frame vehicle? (Text page 3) The difference between a unit-body and a body-on-frame construction is that in a unit body, the body itself is strong enough to support the suspension and drive train. In a body-on-frame vehicle, the frame supports the suspension and drive train. As a result, the body itself can be made lighter. 5. The powertrain consists of what components? (Text pages 5-6) The powertrain components consists of the engine, transmission/transaxle, final drive unit, and drive axles.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. The first self-propelled vehicle that used an OTTO cycle four-stroke gasoline engine was produced in _______. (Text page 1) a. 1885 X b. 1900 c. 1902 d. 1908 2. Early vehicles were constructed mostly of what material? (Text page 2) a. Steel b. Cast iron c. Wood X d. Tin 3. Which component is not part of the chassis system? (Text page 2) a. Frame b. Electrical system X c. Suspension d. Brakes

4. Early engines were called flat head design because they ______________________. (Text page 4) a. were only inline engines b. did not include valves c. used valves beside the cylinder X d. used spark plugs at the top of the cylinders 5. A V-type engine could have how many cylinders? (Text page 4) a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. Any of the above X 6. What component regulates the temperature of the coolant in an engine? (Text page 5) a. Cooling (water) jackets b. Thermostat X c. Cooling fan(s) d. Radiator 7. A malfunction indicator light (MIL) on the dash may be labeled _________________. (Text page 5) a. check engine X b. service vehicle soon c. MIL d. MAL 8. To retrieve stored diagnostic trouble codes, a service technician needs a _____________. (Text page 5) a. paper clip b. desktop computer c. wireless connection to an electronic tester d. scan tool X 9. A four-wheel-drive vehicle often uses a _______ to transmit engine torque to all four wheels. (Text page 6) a. drive shaft b. U-joint c. transaxle d. transfer case X 10. Automotive service systems are generally separated into how many content areas? (Text page 7) a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 X d. 10

CHAPTER 2 Careers in the Automotive Industry REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What should be included on a work order? (Text page 12) The work order lists customer and vehicle information, including the VIN and a listing of services requested by the owner. 2. What are some examples of mass merchandiser facilities? (Text page 10) Some examples of these chains include Sears, Goodyear, Firestone, and NAPA. 3. What tasks are usually performed by a general service technician? (Text page 12) A general service technician performs duties such as: a. Uses diagnostic equipment and test drives vehicles, plus uses service information b. Disassembles, replaces or repairs, and reassembles components c. Performs scheduled service maintenance d. Informs customers about the work performed by completing the work order 4. What duties are performed by the shop foreman and service manager? (Text page 13) The shop foreman runs the shop and directs and helps the service technician. The service manager is responsible for all aspects of the service department, including customer service. 5. What duties are performed by a parts counter person? (Text page 14) The parts counter person greets customers and helps find the correct parts needed. A parts counter person also handles the purchase orders and money, if a cash sale is made.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. A vehicle needs a repair while still under warranty. Who is most likely to perform the repair? (Text page 9) a. Any technician at the vehicle dealership b. A trained technician at any repair shop c. Any ASE certified technician d. A certified technician at the vehicle dealership X 2. A service advisor is called a ___________________. (Text page 13) a. shop foreman b. service Manager c. service writer X d. technician 3. All of the following are usual duties of a lube technician except ___________________. (Text page 11) a. oil change 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

b. air filter replacement c. water pump replacement X d. accessory drive belt inspection 4. New vehicle preparation is usually an entry-level vehicle service position and usually involves what duties? (Text page 11) a. Installing dealer-installed options b. Correcting tire pressures c. Removal of all protective coverings and plastic d. Any of the above X 5. What is not a duty of a general service technician? (Text page 12) a. Have the customer sign the work order X b. Order the parts needed c. Diagnose the customer’s concern d. Perform vehicle repair procedures 6. Two technicians are discussing the duties of a shop foreman and a service manager. Technician A says that a shop foreman diagnoses vehicle problems. Technician B says that the service manager usually repairs vehicle problems. Which technician is correct? (Text page 13) a. Technician A only X b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B 7. Who greets the service customer and completes the work order? (Text page 13) a. Service manager b. Service advisor c. Service writer d. Either b or c X 8. Which job would be concerned with the maintenance of the shop equipment? (Text page 13) a. Service manager b. Shop foreman c. Shop owner d. Any of the above X 9. Which job would be concerned with assigning working hours and pay? (Text page 13) a. Service manager X b. Shop foreman c. Service advisor d. Service technician 10. Who is responsible for finding the correct part needed by the service technician? (Text page 14) a. Counter person X b. Service technician c. Shop foreman d. Service advisor 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

CHAPTER 3 Starting a Career in the Automotive Industry REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What facts should be included on the resume? (Text pages 19-20) The facts included on a resume are all personal information, such as address and contact information, but no information that would indicate the age or race of the person. 2. What are five interviewing tips? (Text page 21) The five interviewing tips include: a. Wear shoes that are not sneakers b. Wear slacks, not jeans c. Wear a shirt with a collar d. Be clean shaven or have mustache or beard neatly trimmed e. Have clean hair 3. What is the difference between gross pay and net pay? (Text page 22) Gross pay is the amount of money earned before deductions. Net pay is the amount of money left after deductions have been removed from the gross amount. 4. What taxes are usually withheld from a paycheck? (Text page 22) Taxes that are usually taken out of the gross amount include federal income tax, FCIA (Social Security), state and local taxes (if applicable). 5. What are five duties of a shop owner? (Text page 24) The five duties of a shop owner include: a. Handling customers and employees b. Ordering and paying for supplies and shop equipment c. Bookkeeping, including payroll d. Paying rent and utilities for the shop e. Creating and paying for advertising

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. A resume should be how many pages long? (Text page 19) a. 1 X b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 or more 2. What personal information should not be included on the resume? (Text page 19) a. Address b. Cell or telephone number 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

c. Age X d. Work experience Why is having a good driving record good for the shop? (Text page 20) a. Allows the use of a company vehicle b. Lowers insurance costs X c. Allows you to drive customers’ vehicles d. Permits you to use your vehicle to get parts Which is not recommended during an interview? (Text page 21) a. Wear shoes that are not sneakers b. Wear a shirt with a collar c. Have clean hair d. Wear jeans X During an interview, try to ________________________. (Text page 21) a. show enthusiasm b. explain your work experience c. state your willingness to work d. all of the above X Flat rate time is expressed in tenths of an hour. Each tenth of an hour is ________ minutes. (Text page 22) a. 60 b. 16 c. 30 d. 6 X One of the deductions from a pay check is for Social Security. This item is usually shown on the pay stub as ____________. (Text page 22) a. Social Security b. SSA c. FICA X d. U.S. government deduction Technician A says that the net pay amount is usually higher than the gross pay amount. Technician B says that the gross pay amount is usually higher than the net pay. Which technician is correct? (Text page 22) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only X c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B A beginning service technician earns $400 per week. How much should the technician spend on a vehicle payment? (Text page 23) a. $400 per month X b. $500 per month c. $800 per month d. $1000 per month

10. Which activity does not allow a person to perform any work while at the shop? (Text pages 17-18) a. Cooperative education program b. Apprenticeship program c. Job shadowing X d. Part-time employment

CHAPTER 4 Working as a Professional Service Technician REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What factors are a part of being a professional service technician? (Text page 24) The factors that are associated with being a profession service technician include: a. Being consistent in action and attitude b. Being honest and keeping your word c. Continuously trying to improve technician expectations d. Work successfully with others e. Apologize, if wrong 2. What is a mentor? (Text pages 30 + 31) A mentor is a highly qualified technician who is assigned to a beginning service technician to help them learn all aspects of the trade. 3. A formal evaluation could include what items? (Text page 33) A typical formal evaluation includes an analysis of attitude toward work and others, quality and quantity of work, punctuality, and professionalism. 4. What are the three C’s? (Text page 27) The three C’s are customer complaint (concern), cause, and correction. 5. What should be included on the work order after the repair has been completed? (Text page 27) The technician should list the three C’s on the work order after the repair has been completed. Listing the consumer complaint, the cause, and the final correction will give the vehicle owner a detailed account of the process that was followed to correct the concern.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Professionalism includes which factor? (Text page 25) a. Keeping your word b. Becoming a teammate with your co-workers c. Apologizing if you are wrong d. All of the above X 2. Type of communications include ___________________. (Text pages 25-26) a. verbal b. written c. nonverbal d. all of the above X 3. The three Cs include ___________________, ________________, and _______________. (Text page 28) a. correction, correct torque, and customer name b. concern, cause, and correction X 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

c. cause, cost, and caller name d. captured data, cause, and cost (of the repair) 4. When documenting the work order, what things should be listed? (Text page 28) a. The test equipment used in the diagnosis b. The test procedure that was followed c. The parts that were replaced d. All of the above X 5. Technician A says that customer-pay rate is sometimes higher than the factory flat-rate. Technician B says that the factory flat-rate times are usually longer (given more time) compared to aftermarket flat-rate time guides. Which technician is correct? (Text page 29) a. Technician A only X b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B 6. Housekeeping duties of a technician can include ____________? (Text pages 32-33) a. cleaning the floor b. keeping the work area clean and organized c. keeping items off the floor whenever possible d. all of the above X 7. A repair shop pays $22.50 for an aftermarket water pump. With a shop margin of 35%, how much will the customer be charged for the water pump? (Text page 31) a. $22.50 b. $22.50 plus 10% c. $34.62 X d. $38.50 8. Which of the following is a characteristic of good business meetings? (Text page 32) a. The meetings should start on time and can be easily extended beyond the decided end time. b. The meetings should not include anyone outside the company or shop. c. The meetings should follow “Robert’s Rules of Order.” X d. The agenda of the meeting should be displayed at the end. 9. A mentor performs all of the following except ________________. (Text page 31) a. helps guide diagnosis of a problem b. signs paychecks X c. offers advice on how to do a job d. advises on professional behavior 10. Which of the following characteristics is evaluated under “maturity’ on a technician evaluation form? (Text page 34) a. Completely dependable b. Has difficulty working with others c. Very slow to learn d. Seldom assertive X

CHAPTER 5 Technician Certification REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What are the eight ASE test areas? (Text page 36) The eight ASE test areas include: A1 Engine Repair A2 Automatic Transmission/Transaxles A3 Manual Drive Train and Axles A4 Suspension and Steering A5 Brakes A6 Electrical/Electronic Systems A7 Heating and Air Conditioning A8 Engine Performance 2. When are the written ASE tests given? (Text page 39) The ASE tests are given at selected sites electronically throughout the year at testing centers. 3. What types of questions are asked on the ASE certification tests? (Text pages 37-38) The types of questions asked on the ASE certification tests are mostly experienced-based, instead of knowledge-based questions. While a technician’s knowledge is needed to pass the tests, the questions mostly deal with understanding of test results and what action would be needed. 4. What can a technician do to help prepare to take the certification tests? (Text page 39) A technician should take practice questions and attend a test preparation course, if possible. 5. Why do vehicle manufacturers require that the technicians be certified at new vehicle dealerships? (Text page 41) All vehicle manufacturers require that the technician performing warranty repair be certified in the area that is being repaired.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Which ASE certification test would cover experience in reading an electrical schematic? (Text pages 40-41) a. A6 b. A7 c. A8 d. All of the above are possible X 2. How many ASE tests must be passed to become a master automotive technician? (Text page 36) a. 8 X b. 6 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

c. 4 d. 2 How many years of experience are required to achieve ASE certification? (Text page 37) a. 8 b. 6 c. 4 d. 2 X Credit for how many years of work experience can be substituted by attending automotive service training? (Text page 37) a. None – no substitution for work experience is permitted b. 1 year X c. 2 years d. 3 years What type of certification is required in Canada? (Text page 41) a. Canadian National Certificate b. Inter-Provincial Certificate X c. Canadian Automotive Institute Certificate d. National Institute for Canadian Automotive Service Excellence Certificate What may be required in order for a technician to perform warranty repair on a vehicle? (Text page 41) a. ASE certification b. Inter-Provincial certification c. Certification in the specific area to be repaired d. Both A and C X Which type of question is the same as two true-and-false-type questions? (Text page 37)) a. All except type b. Technician A and Technician B X c. Least likely type d. Most likely type Technician A says that you should guess if you do not know the correct answer. Technician B says that ASE will send you the correct answers to the questions you missed with your test results. Which technician is correct? (Text page 38) a. Technician A only X b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B A technician should do all of the following to prepare to take the ASE certification test except ______________. (Text page 38) a. get a good night’s sleep the night before the test b. try to keep work schedule light the day of the test c. eat a big meal X d. have photo ID and entry ticket

10. Which of the following is true of re-certification of ASE certifications? (Text page 41) a. ASE certifications are mandatory all over Canada. b. ASE certifications expire after five years. X c. ASE recertification requires five years of experience. d. ASE certification test results are not available right after the test.

CHAPTER 6 Shop Safety REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. List four items that are personal protective equipment (PPE)? (Text pages 43-44) Four items of personal protective equipment include: a. Safety glasses b. Gloves c. Steel-toed shoes d. Bump cap 2. What are the types of fire extinguishers and their usage? (Text page 46) The types of fire extinguishers and their usage include: Type A – wood and paper fire Type B – flammable liquids fire Type C – electrical fire Type D – combustible metal fire 3. What items are included in a typical first-aid box? (Text page 47) Items that should be included in a first-aid box include bandages, gauge pads, antibiotic cream, burn gel packets, eye wash solution, scissors, tweezers, gloves, and a first-aid guide. 4. What infection control precautions should be followed in the shop? (Text page 48) Report to your supervisor any injury that involves blood and take the necessary precautions to avoid coming into contact with blood from another person. 5. What safety precautions should be taken when working on a hybrid electric vehicle? (Text page 48) To safely work around a hybrid electric vehicle, the high-voltage (HV) battery and circuits should be shut off.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What do you call the service technician’s protective head cover? (Text page 44) a. Cap b. Hat c. Bump cap X d. Helmet 2. All safety glasses should meet the standards set by ___________. (Text page 43) a. ANSI X b. SAE c. ASE d. DOT 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. When washing hands, the water should be at what temperature? (Text page 44) a. 98°F (37°C) b. 110°F (43°C) X c. 125°F (52°C) d. 135°F (57°C) 4. Hearing protection should be worn anytime the noise level exceeds _________. (Text page 44) a. 60 dB b. 70 dB c. 80 dB d. 90 dB X 5. What color of high-voltage cables are used on a hybrid electric or electric vehicles? (Text page 49) a. Blue b. Yellow c. Orange X d. Red 6. Exhaust hoses should be used because one of the exhaust gases is deadly in high concentration. This gas is _________. (Text page 45) a. carbon monoxide (CO) X b. carbon dioxide (CO2) c. hydrocarbons (HC) d. oxides of nitrogen (NOX) 7. The process of combustion occurring without an open flame is called _____________. (Text page 45) a. direct ignition b. non-open flame combustion c. spontaneous combustion X d. cold fusion 8. When using a fire extinguisher, what word can be used to remember what to do? (Text page 46) a. PASS X b. FIRE c. RED d. LEVER 9. Batteries should not be tipped to more than a ______________ angle. (Text page 46) a. 45 degree X b. 60 degree c. 5 degree d. none of the above 10. Which item is usually not included in a first-aid kit? (Text page 47) a. Eye wash solution b. Antibiotic cream c. Fire blanket X d. Bandages 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

CHAPTER 7 Environmental and Hazardous Materials REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. List five common automotive chemicals or products that may be considered hazardous materials. (Text page 50) Five common automotive chemicals or products include asbestos, used oil, used brake fluid, used coolant, and batteries. 2. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) controls what types of automotive waste? (Text page 51) Hazardous waste disposal laws include the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). This law states that hazardous material users are responsible for hazardous materials from the time they become a waste until the proper waste disposal is completed. 3. What methods need to be used when handling products that may contain asbestos? (Text page 52) Tests have determined that asbestos levels can easily be kept below the recommended levels by using a liquid, like water, or a special vacuum. 4. How should used engine oil be disposed? (Text page 53) After collecting used oil in an appropriate container, such as a 55-gallon steel drum, the material must be disposed of in one of two ways.  Shipped offsite for recycling  Burned in an onsite or offsite EPA-approved heater for energy recovery 5. What precautions are needed to be taken when handling an airbag? (Text page 58) Airbag safety should include the following precautions: 1. Disarm the airbag(s) if you will be working in the area where a discharged bag could make contact with any part of your body. Consult service information for the exact procedure to follow for the vehicle being serviced. 2. If disposing of an airbag, the usual procedure is to deploy the airbag using a 12-volt power supply, such as a jump-start box, using long wires to connect to the module to ensure a safe deployment. 3. Do not expose an airbag to extreme heat or fire. 4. Always carry an airbag pointing away from your body. 5. Place an airbag module facing upward. 6. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommended procedure for airbag disposal or recycling, including the proper packaging to use during shipment. 7. Wear protective gloves when handling a deployed airbag. 8. Always wash your hands or body well if exposed to a deployed airbag. The chemicals involved can cause skin irritation and possible rash development.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Hazardous materials include all of the following except ________. (Text page 50) a. engine oil b. asbestos c. water X d. brake cleaner 2. To determine if a product or substance being used is hazardous, consult ________. (Text page 51) a. a dictionary b. SDS X c. SAE standards d. EPA guidelines 3. Exposure to asbestos dust can cause what condition? (Text page 51) a. Asbestosis b. Mesothelioma c. Lung cancer d. All of the above are possible X 4. Wetted asbestos dust is considered to be ______________. (Text page 52) a. solid waste X b. hazardous waste c. toxic d. poisonous 5. An oil filter should be hot drained for how long before disposing of the filter? (Text page 53) a. 30 to 60 minutes b. 4 hours c. 8 hours d. 12 hours X 6. Used engine oil should be disposed of by all except the following methods. (Text page 53) a. Disposed of in regular trash X b. Shipped off-site for recycling c. Burned on-site in a waste oil-approved heater d. Burned off-site in a waste oil-approved heater 7. All of the following are the proper way to dispose of a drained oil filter except ______. (Text page 53) a. sent for recycling b. picked up by a service contract company c. disposed of in regular trash d. considered to be hazardous waste and disposed of accordingly X 8. Which act or organization regulates air-conditioning refrigerant? (Text page 51) a. Clean Air Act (CAA) X b. SDS c. WHMIS d. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. Gasoline should be stored in approved containers that include what color(s)? (Text page 58) a. A red container with yellow lettering b. A red container X c. A yellow container d. A yellow container with red lettering 10. Which of these methods is the proper way to dispose of used brake fluid? (Text page 52) a. Collect the fluid in a clearly marked container. b. Disposed by an authorized waste receiver c. Mix the fluid with used engine oil d. Both a and b X

CHAPTER 8 Fasteners and Thread Repair REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is the difference between a bolt and a stud? (Text page 58) A stud has threads on both ends whereas a bolt has a head at one end used by a wrench or socket to rotate it and threads on the other end. 2. How is the size of a metric bolt expressed? (Text page 58) The size of a metric bolt is expressed with the letter M followed by the diameter in millimeters (mm). For example, a bolt that is 8 mm in diameter is labeled M8. 3. What is meant by the grade of a threaded fastener? (Text page 58) The grade of a threaded fastener is a measure of the tensile strength. The higher the grade is, the greater the tensile strength. 4. How do prevailing torque nuts work? (Text page 60) A prevailing torque nut works by deforming the threads or having a plastic insert, which helps the nut retain its position so that the clamping force of the fastener is not lost due to vibration. 5. How are threaded inserts installed? (Text page 65) Threaded inserts are installed by first drilling out the old threads and then threading the new hole, allowing the insert to be installed. The insert threads are the same size as the original.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. The thread pitch of a bolt is measured in what units? (Text page 60) a. Millimeters b. Threads per inch c. Fractions of an inch d. Both a and b can be correct X 2. Technician A says that the diameter of a bolt is the same as the wrench size used to remove or install the fastener. Technician B says that the length is measured from the top of the head of the bolt to the end of the bolt. Which technician is correct? (Text page 60) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B X 3. The grade of a fastener, such as a bolt, is a measure of its ___________. (Text page 61) a. tensile strength X b. hardness c. finish d. color 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. Which of the following is a metric bolt? (Text page 61) a. 5/16 – 18 b. ½ - 20 c. M12 X 1.5 X d. 8 mm 5. The marks (lines) on the heads of bolts indicate _____________. (Text page 61) a. size b. grade c. tensile strength d. both b and c X 6. A screw that can make its own threads when installed is called a ______________ screw. (Text page 64) a. sheet metal b. tapered c. self-tapping X d. both a and c 7. Which of the following statements is true of threaded inserts? (Text page 68) a. They look like small, stainless-steel springs. b. They are threaded inside and outside. X c. They screw on top of a nut and prevent nut loosening. d. They are used to hold together shafts and linkages. 8. All of the following are types of clips except ______________. (Text page 65) a. E-clip b. cotter X c. C-clip d. internal 9. What type of fastener is commonly used to retain interior door panels? (Text page 65) a. Christmas tree clips X b. E-clips c. External clips d. Internal clips 10. To avoid over-tightening or breaking a bolt, ________ should always be used when tightening fasteners. (Text page 67) a. a torque wrench X b. a box end wrench c. penetrating oil d. a pitch gauge

CHAPTER 9 Hand Tools REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Why are wrenches offset 15 degrees? (Text page 71) Wrenches are offset 15 degrees to allow for clearance for the wrench when it is being rotated near other fasteners. The 15 degrees offset at the open end allows the wrench to be repositioned and the fastener rotated while in close areas. 2. What are the other names for a line wrench? (Text page 72) A line wrench may also be called a flare-nut wrench, a fitting wrench, or a tube-nut wrench. 3. What are the standard automotive drive sizes for sockets? (Text page 72) The standard automotive drive size for sockets include ¼ in., 3/8 in., and ½ in. 4. Which type of screwdriver requires the use of a hammer or mallet? (Text page 75) An impact-type screwdriver is designed to be used with a hammer or mallet to loosen screws. 5. What is inside a dead-blow hammer? (Text page 76) Small lead balls (shot) are inside a metal housing that is encased with plastic in a dead-blow hammer.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. When working with hand tools, always ________. (Text page 72) a. push the wrench – don’t pull toward you b. pull a wrench – don’t push a wrench X c. use an one-ended wrench to loosen fasteners. d. use an adjustable wrench to tighten or loosen any bolt or nut. 2. To grip large objects, the ________ plier is a commonly used tool. (Text page 76) a. diagonal b. multi-groove X c. linesman's d. slip-joint 3. What tool should be used to loosen or tighten brake or fuel lines? (Text page 72) a. Locking pliers b. Multi-groove adjustable pliers c. Line wrench X d. Torque wrench

4. Two technicians are discussing torque wrenches. Technician A says that a torque wrench is capable of tightening a fastener with more torque than a conventional breaker bar or ratchet. Technician B says that a torque wrench is used to apply a known amount of force to the fastener. Which technician is correct? (Text page 73) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only X c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B 5. What type of hammer is plastic coated, has a metal casing inside, and is filled with small lead balls? (Text page 76) a. Dead-blow hammer X b. Soft-blow hammer c. Sledge hammer d. Plastic hammer 6. What type of pliers is capable of fitting over a large object? (Text page 76) a. Slip-joint pliers b. Linesman’s pliers c. Locking pliers d. Multi-groove adjustable pliers X 7. Which tool has a replaceable cutting edge? (Text page 78) a. Side-cut pliers b. Tin snips c. Utility knife X d. Aviation snips d. The part that connects to the handle 8. Which of the following basic hand tools should every technician possess? (Text page 81) a. Combination wrenches b. 3/8 inch drive socket set c. Adjustable wrenches d. A and B only X 9. Which of these would not be useful to a technician performing electrical repairs? (Text page 83) a. Soldering gun b. Test light c. Gasket scraper X d. DMM 10. When loosening a bolt, a(n) ________ is the recommended tool. (Text page 73) a. pipe extension b. six-point socket X c. open-end wrench d. cheater bar

CHAPTER 10 Power Tools and Shop Equipment REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. List the tools used by service technicians that use compressed air? (Text pages 87-88) Some of the tools that use compressed air include an air impact wrench, die grinder, air ratchet, and air drill. 2. Which trouble light design(s) is (are) the recommended type for maximum safety? (Text page 88) For maximum safety either a fluorescent or an LED trouble light should be used. 3. What safety precautions should be adhered to when working with a vise? (Text page 89) A vise can damage the surface of a part or a component unless protective jaws are used or other materials, such as a shop cloth, is used between the jaws and the component.Use caution not to over tighten an object. 4. When using a blow gun, what precautions need to be taken? (Text page 88) When using a blow gun, be sure that the air pressure is 30 psi or less at the gun and that only an OSHA approved air gun is used. 5. How is the size of a vise determined? (Text page 89) The size of a vise is determined by the width of the jaws. Two common sizes of vises are 4 inch and 6 inch models.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. When using compressed air and a blow gun, what is the maximum allowable air pressure? (Text page 86) a. 10 psi b. 20 psi c. 30 psi X d. 40 psi 2. Which air impact drive size is most commonly used? (Text page 87) a. ¼-inch b. 3/8-inch c. ½-inch X d. ¾-inch 3. What type of socket should be used with an air impact wrench? (Text page 87) a. Black X b. Chrome c. 12 point d. Either a or b

4. What can be used to cover the jaws of a vise to help protect the object being held? (Text page 89) a. Aluminum b. Wood c. Plastic d. All of the above X 5. Technician A says that impact sockets have thicker walls than conventional sockets. Technician B says that impact sockets have a black oxide finish. Which technician is correct? (Text page 87) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B X d. Neither Technician A nor B 6. Two technicians are discussing the use of a typical bench/pedestal-mounted grinder. Technician A says that a wire brush wheel can be used to clean threads. Technician B says that the grinding stone can be used to clean threads. Which technician is correct? (Text page 89) a. Technician A only X b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B 7. An hydraulic press is used with a ________ to remove a bearing from a shaft. (Text page 90) a. hammer b. torch c. bearing splitter X d. bearing driver 8. Which type of trouble light is recommended for use in the shop? (Text page 88) a. Incandescent b. Fluorescent c. LED d. Either b or c X 9. When mounting an engine to an engine stand, what grade of bolt should be used? (Text page 91) a. 5 or 8 X b. 4 or 7 c. 3 or 5 d. 1 or 4 10. Proper care of shop equipment includes _________________________. (Text page 91) a. tuning up every 6 months b. keeping equipment clean c. keeping equipment lubricated d. both b and c X

CHAPTER 11 Vehicle Lifting and Hoisting REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Why must safety stands be used after lifting a vehicle with a floor jack? (Text page 97) Safety stands must always be used to hold up a vehicle after a floor jack has been used to lift the vehicle. Safety stands are rigid and designed to hold the weight of a vehicle, whereas a hydraulic jack may leak internally, causing the vehicle to lower. 2. What precautions should be adhered to when storing a creeper? (Text page 97) A creeper should always be stored vertically and never on its wheels. This helps prevent a technician from accidentally stepping on it, losing balance, and falling. 3. What precautions should be adhered to when hoisting a vehicle? (Text pages 98-100) When hoisting a vehicle, the technician should first be certain that the pads are correctly set. The vehicle should be raised about one foot, and then checked for stability before raising it further. Use care while lowering the vehicle and always follow the hoist manufacturer’s instructions. 4. How is a floor jack operated? (Text page 97) A floor jack is a hand-operated hydraulic device that is used to lift vehicles or components, such as engines, transmissions, and rear axle assemblies. The typical floor jack is operated by rotating the handle to close the release valve, and then moving the handle up and down to raise the saddle of the jack. 5. Where should the hoist pads be located under the vehicle? (Text page 98) All automobile and light-truck service manuals include recommended locations to be used when hoisting (lifting) a vehicle. Some vehicles have a decal on the driver’s door indicating the recommended lift points.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. A safety stand is also called a _________________. (Text page 97) a. jack b. jack stand X c. bottle jack d. safety stool 2. A creeper should be stored ______________. (Text page 97) a. vertically X b. under a vehicle c. flat on the floor d. upside down on the floor 3. The SAE standard for hoist location is _____________. (Text page 98) a. J-1980 b. SAE – 2009 24 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

c. JRP – 2184 X d. J – 14302 4. Tall safety stands would be used to ______________. (Text page 98) a. support an engine while the vehicle is hoisted X b. lift a vehicle c. lift a component, such as an engine, high off the ground d. both b and c 5. Commonly damaged areas of a vehicle during hoisting include _________________. (Text page 99) a. rocker panels b. exhaust systems c. tires or body panels d. All of the above X 6. Pad extensions may be needed when hoisting what type of vehicle? (Text page 99) a. Small cars b. Pickup trucks c. Vans d. Either b or c X 7. Technician A says that a hoist can be stopped at any level as long as the safety latch engages. Technician B says that the vehicle should be hoisted to the top of the hoist travel for safety. Which technician is correct? (Text page 100) a. Technician A only X b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B 8. Before lowering the vehicle, what should the technician do? (Text page 100) a. Be sure nothing is underneath the vehicle b. Raise the vehicle enough to release the safety latch c. Be sure no one will be walking under or near the vehicle d. All of the above X 9. A hoist with asymmetrical arms means it ______________. (Text page 98) a. has just two lifting arms b. uses different length lift arms X c. uses the same length lift arms d. has just one lifting arm 10. When checking for proper pad placement, how high should the vehicle be raised? (Text page 99) a. About 2 inches (5 cm) b. About 6 inches (15 cm) c. About 1 foot (30 cm) X d. About 3 feet (91 cm)

CHAPTER 12 Measuring Systems and Tools REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Explain how a micrometer is read. (Text page 106) A micrometer uses a screw thread that has 40 threads per inch. Every rotation of the thimble moves the spindle 0.025 in. The spindle is then divided into 25 parts so each line on the spindle represents 0.001 in. 2. Describe how to check a crankshaft journal for out-of-round and taper. (Text pages 105-106) To check a crankshaft journal for out-of round, a micrometer should be used to check the diameter in three positions, each 120 degrees apart. To check for taper, measure the journal diameter at two locations. The difference in the two readings is the taper. 3. List engine components that can be measured with the help of a telescopic gauge. (Text page 108) The engine components that can be measured with the help of a telescopic gauge include cylinder bore, camshaft bearing diameter, main bearing bore diameter, and connecting rod bore diameter. 4. List the gaps or clearances that can be measured using a feeler (thickness) gauge. (Text page 110) The gaps or clearances that can be measured using a feeler gauge include piston ring gap, piston ring side clearance, and connecting rod side clearance. 5. Explain why a dial bore gauge has to be set to a dimension before using. (Text pages 110 -111) A dial bore gauge does not measure a hole, but instead shows how much the bore being measured varies from the preset dimension.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. The threaded movable part that rotates on a micrometer is called the _________. (Text page 105) a. barrel b. thimble X c. spindle d. anvil 2. To check a crankshaft journal for taper, the journal should be measured in at least how many locations? (Text page 106) a. One b. Three X c. Four d. Six

3. To check a crankshaft journal for out-of-round, the journal should be measured in at least how many locations? (Text page 105) a. Two X b. Four c. Six d. Eight 4. A telescopic gauge can be used to measure a cylinder bore if what other measuring device is used to measure the telescopic gauge? (Text page 108) a. Micrometer X b. Feeler gauge c. Straightedge d. Dial indicator 5. To directly measure the diameter of a valve guide in a cylinder head, use a micrometer and a _______________. (Text page 108) a. telescopic gauge b. feeler gauge c. small-hole gauge X d. dial indicator 6. Which of the following cannot be measured using a feeler gauge? (Text page 110) a. Valve guide clearance X b. Piston ring gap c. Piston ring side clearance d. Connecting rod side clearance 7. Which of the following cannot be measured using a straightedge and a feeler gauge? (Text page 110) a. Cylinder head flatness b. Block deck flatness c. Straightness of the main bearing bores d. Straightness of the cylinder bore X 8. Which measuring gauge needs to be set up (adjusted) to a fixed dimension before use? (Text page 110) a. Dial indicator b. Dial bore gauge X c. Vernier dial gauge d. Micrometer 9. The freezing point of water is _______________. (Text page 104) a. 0°C b. 32°F c. 0°F d. Both a and b X 10. Which metric unit of measure is used for volume measurement? (Text page 104) a. Meter b. cc X c. Centimeter d. Millimeter 27 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

CHAPTER 13 Scientific Principles and Materials REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is kinetic energy? (Text page 113) Kinetic energy is the energy that is in a moving object. 2. How is mechanical advantage used in the braking system? (Text page 117) Mechanical advantage is used in the braking system at the brake pedal to increase the force of the driver. 3. What is the difference between torque and power? (Text pages 113-114) Torque is a twisting force, which may or may not result in motion. Power is the rate of doing work. 4. How can a burn test help identify the type of plastic? (Text page 119) The color of the flame helps identify the type of plastic used so that the proper paint and painting process can be performed. 5. What is the pH of acids and bases? (Text page 118) The pH scale of acids and bases places the number 7 as neutral, like water, acids have numbers lower than 7, and bases have numbers higher than 7. The stronger the acid or the base, the further the number is from 7.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What term describes the ability to do work? (Text page 113) a. Energy X b. Force c. Potential d. Thermodynamics 2. Technician A says that work is being performed if a force is being applied, yet the object does not move. Technician B says that torque is a twisting force that may or may not result in motion. Which technician is correct? (Text page 113) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only X c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B 3. Two technicians are discussing engine horsepower and torque figures. Technician A says that torque is measured on a dynamometer. Technician B says that horsepower is derived from the torque readings as measured on a dynamometer. Which technician is correct? (Text pages 114-115) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B X d. Neither Technician A nor B 28 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. An example of a lever and mechanical advantage used on a vehicle is the ______________. (Text page 117) a. radio volume control b. brake pedal X c. fuel tank d. battery 5. Two technicians are discussing temperature and heat. Technician A says that temperature is the intensity of the heat source. Technician B says that heat is the quantity of heat. Which technician is correct? (Text page 117) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B X d. Neither Technician A nor B 6. Heat can move or travel by ______________. (Text page 117) a. conduction b. convection c. radiation d. all of the above X 7. Technician A says that zero degrees Celsius is the freezing temperature of water. Technician B says that 100 degrees Celsius is the boiling temperature of water. Which technician is correct? (Text page 118) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B X d. Neither Technician A nor B 8. Technician A says that pure (distilled) water has a pH of 7. Technician B says that the pH of acids is less than 7. Which technician is correct? (Text page 118) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B X d. Neither Technician A nor B 9. Technician A says that the kinetic energy of a vehicle is proportional to its weight. Technician B says that the kinetic energy of a moving vehicle is directly proportional to its speed. Which technician is correct? (Text page 115) a. Technician A only X b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B 10. The type of plastic can be determined by using a ______________test. (Text page 119) a. burn X b. weight c. color d. depression

CHAPTER 14 Math, Charts, and Calculations REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is the formula for determining fuel economy? (Text page 124) Divide the miles traveled by the number of gallons used to get miles per gallon. 2. Why are the torque and horsepower of an engine equal at 5252 RPM? (Text page 125) Torque and horsepower are the same at 5,252 RPM because the formula for the relationship between the two has the number 5,252 as a constant. Horsepower is torque multiplied by engine speed (RPM) divided by 5,252. 3. What service operation may require the technician to add and subtract? (Text page 123) A typical service operation that requires the technician to add or subtract is when determining the correct shim to use adjusting valves. 4. What service operation may require the technician to multiply or divide? (Text page 123) A technician may use multiplication and division to verify fuel economy, calculate pay, or determine current flow in a circuit if an accessory is added. 5. What math function is needed to calculate the overall gear ratio if the transmission and differential ratios are both known? (Text page 123) The math function needed to calculate overall gear ratio is multiplication.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Ten of 30 vehicles checked during a safety inspection had at least one tire that was under inflated. This represents what percentage of the vehicles? (Text page 122) a. 25% b. 33% X c. 43% d. 67% 2. Which of the following shows the relationship of parts? (Text page 126) a. Chart b. Graph c. Diagram X d. Schematic 3. Add 0.102 inch and 0.080 inch. The answer is __________. (Text page 123) a. 0.182 inch X b. 0.1082 inch c. 0.0082 inch d. 0.8200 inch 4. What is 26 out of 87 in percentage? (Text page 122) a. 33.5% b. 11.3% 30 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

c. 29.89% X d. 61.0% 5. What number is being represented by the scientific notation 6.28 × 103? (Text page 122) a. 6.28 b. 628 c. 6,280 X d. 62,800 6. 3/16 is what number in decimal form? (Text page 123) a. 0.1875 X b. 1.875 c. 0.5333 d. 5.333 7. How is 0.183 pronounced? (Text page 122) a. One hundred eighty-three thousandth X b. One thousand eighty-three c. Zero dot one hundred and eighty-three hundredths d. One tenth and 83 hundredths 8. A vehicle traveled 280 miles and used 12.6 gallons of fuel. What is the calculated miles per gallon? (Text page 124) a. 18 MPG b. 22.2 MPG X c. 28 MPG d. 42 MPG 9. Which number is the smallest? (Text page 123) a. 1/16 X b. .25 c. 3/8 d. .33 10. Gear ratio is expressed as the number of rotations the ______________ must make in order to rotate the ______________ one revolution. (Text page 124) a. drive gear/driven gear X b. driven gear/drive gear c. input gear/output gear d. output gear/input gear

CHAPTER 15 Service Information and Repair Orders REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is included in the vehicle owner’s manual that could be helpful for a service technician? (Text page 127) The owner’s manual includes many items of information that a technician needs to know, including capacity of the engine oil, transmission and differential, type of fluids and viscosity, recommended service intervals, as well as bulb trade numbers and how to operate all of the accessories. 2. Why is factory service information the most detailed of all service information? (Text page 128) The most comprehensive and accurate service information is the service information from the vehicle manufacturer. This information is available for most, if not all, vehicles and can be purchased from their website. 3. What customer information needs to be included on a repair order (RO)? (Text page 131) Name and address of the owner with contact information, such as the cell phone number and email address. 4. What should the service technician include on the work order? (Text page 131) The technician should document the work order by stating not only what was done, but what service tools were used. 5. Describe how hotline services and Internet sites assist service technicians. (Text page 132) Hotline service, such as www.identifix.com, offer the technician real-time help from an experienced technician who is very knowledgeable about the particular vehicle being serviced. This, plus www.iatn.net, which has available history of successful repairs, helps reduce the time spent on diagnosis in most cases, thereby saving the technician and the shop a lot of time.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What type of information is commonly included in the owner’s manual that would be a benefit to service technicians? (Text page 127) a. Maintenance reminder light reset procedures b. Tire pressure monitoring system reset procedures c. Maintenance items specifications d. All of the above X 2. Two technicians are discussing the need for the history of the vehicle. Technician A says that an accident could cause faults to occur after the repair due to hidden damage. Technician B says that some faults could be related to a previous repair. Which technician is correct? (Text page 132) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only 32 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

c. Both Technicians A and B X d. Neither Technician A nor B 3. A campaign (recall) is mailed to the owner of a vehicle from the ______________. (Text page 130) a. vehicle manufacturer X b. local dealer c. federal government d. state or local government 4. Technical service bulletins (TSBs) are issued by the______________. (Text page 130) a. vehicle manufacturer X b. local dealer c. federal government d. state or local government 5. Four tenths of an hour is how many minutes? (Text page 131) a. 14 b. 24 X c. 34 d. 44 6. What should the service technician document on the work order? (Text pages 130-131) a. The results of any inspections and tests b. What was replaced or serviced c. The dimensions of the related component and comparison to factory specifications d. All of the above X 7. The labor rate for each operation is included on the work order and is added by the ______________. (Text page 131) a. service technician b. service advisor c. shop owner or designated warranty person X d. any of the above 8. Which of the following are performed at no cost to the vehicle owner? (Text page 130) a. TSBs b. Campaigns (recalls) X c. Either a or b d. Neither a nor b 9. A Julian date of 186 is about when? (Text page 128) a. February 5 b. April 5 c. July 5 X d. October 5 10. Hotline services are ______________. (Text page 132) a. free b. available for a service fee X c. available on CD or DVD format d. accessed by the internet 33 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

CHAPTER 16 Vehicle Identification and Emission Ratings REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. From what position are the terms left and right determined? (Text page 135) The terms left and right are all based as if the person is sitting behind the steering wheel. 2. What are the major pieces of information that are included in the vehicle identification number (VIN)? (Text page 136) The VIN indicates a lot of information, including country of manufacturer, model and make, model year, as well as type of safety equipment and the serial number. 3. What information is included on the VECI label under the hood? (Text page 137) The Vehicle Emission Control Information (VECI) sticker includes spark plug type and gap, vacuum hose routing, and other emission-related information and standards that the vehicle meets. 4. What does Tier 2 Bin 5 mean? (Text page 138) The term Tier 2 is a U.S. federal emission standard that replaced the less stringent Tier 1 rating in 2001. Bin 5 indicates the level achieved where the lower the bin number is, the clearer the exhaust emission. 5. What emission rating is required to allow the use of the High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes on highways in that state? (Text page 137) Tier 2 variations are appended with “II,” such as LEV II or SULEV II. Other categories have also been created. This designation is often used by some states to allow vehicles to use the High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes on highways in that state.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. The passenger side is called the ___________________. (Text page 135) a. right side X b. left side c. either right or left side, depending on how the vehicle is viewed d. both a and b 2. A vehicle with the engine in the front can be __________________. (Text page 135) a. front-wheel drive b. rear-wheel drive c. four-wheel drive d. any of the above X 3. The vehicle identification number (VIN) is how many characters long? (Text page 136) a. 10 b. 12 c. 17 X d. 21 34 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. The tenth character represents the year of the vehicle. If the tenth character is a “Y,” what year is the vehicle? (Text page 136) a. 1998 b. 2000 X c. 2002 d. 2004 5. The first character of the vehicle identification number is the country of origin. Where was the vehicle built that has a “5” as the first character? (Text page 136) a. United States X b. Canada c. Mexico d. Japan 6. The VECI label includes all except _________________. (Text page 137) a. engine identification b. horsepower and torque rating of the engine X c. spark plug type and gap d. valve lash 7. The vehicle safety certification label includes all except __________________. (Text page 136) a. VIN b. GVWR c. tire pressure recommendation X d. GAWR 8. What are the characters that are embedded in most engine blocks and are used for identification? (Text page 138) a. VIN b. Calibration codes c. Bin number d. Casting number X 9. If the first number of the VIN is an “S,” where was the vehicle made? (Text page 136) a. United States b. Mexico c. Canada d. England X 10. Technician A says that the lower the Bin number is, the cleaner. Technician B says that SULEV has cleaner standards than ULEV. Which technician is correct? (Text pages 137-138) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B X d. Neither Technician A nor B

CHAPTER 17 Preventive Maintenance and Service Procedures REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Why should brake fluid not be filled above the full or MAX level as indicated on the master cylinder reservoir? (Text page 143) Brake fluid must not be filled above the “MAX” level indicated on the master cylinder reservoir because brake fluid expands when heated. During braking, the brake fluid gets hotter and expands. There needs to be room in the master cylinder reservoir for the fluid to expand. 2. Why should brake fluid be kept in an airtight container? (Text page 143) Brake fluid must be kept in an airtight container because most brake fluid absorbs moisture from the surrounding air, which lowers its boiling point. 3. How do you check differential fluid? (Text page 154) The differential fluid level is checked by hoisting the vehicle and removing the fill plug from the side of the differential housing. The correct level should be even with the bottom of the plug hole. 4. What are four lubricants that a manual transmission/transaxle may require, depending on exact year, make, and model of vehicle? (Text page 154) A manual transmission/transaxle could use any one of the following lubricants, depending on the year, make, and model of vehicle. Engine oil (usually SAE 5W-30) Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) SAE 80W-90 gear lube Special manual transmission fluid 5. How often does diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) need to be refilled? (Text page 155) Most diesel vehicles are equipped with a DEF reservoir large enough to last until the next scheduled oil change.

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Preventative maintenance includes all of these except ______________. (Text page 140) a. tire balancing X b. oil and filter change c. check tire pressure d. air filter replacement 2. When should the engine oil be replaced? (Text page 145) a. According to the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended interval based on time and mileage, whichever occurs first X b. Every 3 months regardless of miles 36 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

c. Every 3,000 miles regardless of time d. All of the above Which of these should be used when preparing a vehicle for service? (Text page 140) a. A windshield cover b. A steering wheel cover X c. Eye protection d. Elbow protection pads Routine service includes______ (Text pages 141-142) a. checking all safety related items b. replacing wiper blades as needed c. replacing cabin and air filters as needed d. all of the above X Which of these conditions must be met before checking the fluid level in an automatic transmission? (Text page 148) a. The vehicle should be on parked on an inclined surface. b. The transmission should be in the highest gear. c. The vehicle should be driven several miles before the level is checked. X d. The transmission fluid should have cooled after being used. Coolant can be checked using _______________. (Text page 146) a. boiling/freezing points using a refractometer and hydrometer b. visual inspection c. test strips d. all of the above X Accessory drive belt tension is determined by ____________? (Text pages 149-150) a. marks on the tensioner b. torque required to rotate the tensioner using a beam-type torque wrench c. belt tension using a belt tension gauge d. any of the above, depending on the specified procedure as found in service information X What inflation pressure specifications should be used when checking or correcting tire pressure? (Text page 151) a. The MAX pressure as imprinted on the tire sidewall b. The driver's door placard pressure X c. 32 PSI in most tires d. 35 PSI in all tires The use of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) in a vehicle equipped with a diesel engine is used to reduce______ emissions. (Text page 155) a. NOx X b. HC c. CO d. All of the above

10. A service technician removed the inspection/fill plug from the differential of a rear-wheel- drive vehicle and gear lube started to flow out. Technician A says to quickly replace the plug to prevent any more loss of gear lube. Technician B says to catch the fluid and allow the fluid to continue to drain. Which technician is correct? (Text page 154) a. Technician A only b. Technician B only X c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B

CHAPTER 18 Gasoline Engine Operation, Parts, and Specifications REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. How is the angle between power strokes determined? (Text page 161) To find the angle between power strokes of an engine, divide 720 by the number of cylinders. 2. What brands of vehicles use horizontally opposed 4- and 6-cylinder engines? (Text page 161) This style of engine is used in Porsche and Subaru engines, and is often called the boxer or pancake engine design. 3. What are the strokes of a four-stroke cycle? (Text page 161) The four strokes of a four-stroke engine include intake, compression, power, and exhaust. 4. If an engine at sea level produces 100 horsepower, how many horsepower would it develop at 6,000 feet of altitude? (Text page 167) An engine loses 3% of its power for each 1,000 feet above sea level. Therefore, at 6,000 feet, an engine would lose 18% (3 × 6 = 18) or 18 hp. Therefore, if an engine develops 100 hp at sea level, that same engine will produce 82 hp when operating at 6,000 feet altitude. 5. What is the definition of horsepower? (Text page 168) One horsepower was determined to be the power required to move 550 pounds one foot in one second or 33,000 pounds one foot in one minute (550 × 60 seconds = 33,000 pounds per minute).

CHAPTER QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called _______________. (Text page 157) a. combustion X b. consumption c. power d. torque 2. An SOHC V-8 engine has how many camshafts? (Text page 162) a. One b. Two X c. Three d. Four 3. The coolant flow through the radiator is controlled by the _______________. (Text page 158) a. Size of the passages in the block b. Thermostat X 39 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.

c. Cooling fan(s) d. Water pump 4. Torque is expressed in units of ________. (Text page 168) a. pound-feet X b. foot-pounds c. foot-pounds per minute d. pound-feet per second 5. Horsepower is expressed in units of ________. (Text page 168) a. pound-feet b. foot-pounds c. foot-pounds per minute X d. pound-feet per second 6. A normally aspirated automobile engine loses about _______ power per 1,000 feet of altitude. (Text page 168) a. 1% b. 3% X c. 5% d. 6% 7. One cylinder of an automotive four-stroke cycle engine completes a cycle every ________. (Text page 161) a. 90 b. 180 c. 360 d. 720 X 8. How many rotations of the crankshaft are required to complete each stroke of a four-stroke cycle engine? (Text page 161) a. One-fourth b. One-half X c. One d. Two 9. A rotating force is called ________. (Text page 168) a. horsepower b. torque X c. combustion pressure d. eccentric movement 10. Technician A says that a crankshaft determines the stroke of an engine. Technician B says that the length of the connecting rod determines the stroke of an engine. Which technician is correct? (Text page 163) a. Technician A only X b. Technician B only c. Both Technicians A and B d. Neither Technician A nor B