Solutions Manual for Advanced Visual Basic 2010, 5th Edition By Kip Irvine, Tony Gaddis (All Chapter

Solu�ons Manual for Advanced Visual Basic th 2010, 5 Edi�on By Kip Irvine, Tony Gaddis (All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Visual Basic Program Files Download Link at The End of This File.

Answers to Review Questions Advanced Visual Basic 2010, 5th Edition, by Kip Irvine and Tony Gaddis Copyright © 2012, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. If you have questions or corrections relating to this document, please send them to: irvinek@cs.fiu.edu.

Last update: March 4, 2011

Chapter 1: Classes True or False

1.

False

2.

True

3.

False

4.

False

5.

False

6.

True

7.

False

8.

False

9.

True

10.

True

11.

False

Short Answer

1.

No, you can write: If isFullTime Then . . .

2.

Presentation tier

3.

As class methods

4.

Middle (business logic) tier

5.

At runtime, when multiple instances of the class exist, no more than a single copy of a shared variable exists. In contrast, each instance of the class will contain its own copy of a non-shared variable.

6.

Shared property: class Window Public Shared Property Color as String

7.

Declaring the MyMethod method: Sub MyMethod(ByRef str As String)

8.

Information hiding (encapsulation)

9.

Create public properties that get and set the variable's value.

Page 1

10.

Constructor with optional parameters: Class Hero Public Sub New(Optional ByVal pStrength As Integer = 0, Optional ByVal pIntelligence As Integer = 0) Strength = pStrength Intelligence = pIntelligence End Sub

11.

The Set section is omitted.

12.

The Clone method.

13.

Right-click the project name in the Solution Explorer window, select Add, and select Class.

14.

Variable declaration: Private Shared smDefaultColor As String

15.

Parameterized constructor

16.

Opening a text file for input: Dim reader As StreamReader = OpenText("myfile.dat")

17.

Read from StreamReader Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine()

18.

EndOfStream property

What Do You Think?

1.

You must use a subscript when inserting the items in the target array. But you can use a For Each loop to access the source array: Dim index As Integer = 0 Dim target(Names.Length-1) As String For Each nam As String in Source target(j) = nam j += 1 Next

2.

Because the Clone method returns an array of type Object, which cannot be directly assigned to a specific array type.

3.

When the different instances of the class need to access a shared value. The default background color for windows is a good example.

4.

Because the middle tier might be accessed by Web applications, Windows forms applications, or other specialized application types.

5.

Because the parameter names hide the class-level variables, a technique called masking.

6.

Because it might not be appropriate to create an instance of the class without assigning it custom values (such as ID number).

7.

It stores a message string in the LastError property and returns a value of False. It might be better to throw an exception, which forces the calling method to acknowledge the error.

Algorithm Workbench

1.

Property

Page 2

Public Property BirthDate() As DateTime Get return mBirthDate End Get Set(value As DataType) If value >= #1/1/1900# AndAlso value < Today Then mBirthDate = value End If End Set End Property

2.

Investment class constructor Public Sub New(ByVal IdP as String, Optional ByVal amountP As Double = 0.0, Optional ByVal tickerP As String = "") Id = Idp Amount = amountP Ticker = tickerP End Sub Enum WindowColor red blue green yellow lightblue End Enum

3.

A method with no return value works best for this: Public Sub SetColor( ByVal input WindowColor ) lblWindowColor.ForeColor = input End Function

4.

Splitting a string: scores = inputLine.Split("\"c);

Chapter 2: Classes True or False

1.

True

2.

True

3.

False

4.

True

5.

False

6.

True

7.

True

8.

False

Page 3

9.

False

10.

True

11.

False

12.

False

13.

False

14.

True

15.

False

16.

True

17.

False (see Question 3)

18.

True

19.

True

20.

True

Short Answer

1.

Unhandled, or uncaught exception

2.

ApplicationException

3.

FormatException

4.

StackTrace

5.

TabControl

6.

SetError

7.

IsLetter

8.

ToUpper

9.

TextChanged

10.

KeyPress

11.

StatusStrip

12.

ErrorProvider

13.

ArgumentOutOfRangeException

14.

CheckedIndices

15.

SelectionMode

16.

ToString

17.

DateTimePicker control

18.

AddDays

19.

ToolStripButton, ToolStripSplitButton, and ToolStripDropDownButton.

20.

DisplayStyle

21.

SplitContainer control

22.

Navigate

Page 4

What Do You Think?

1.

They may wish to enter the field values in a non-sequential order. Having the fields validated one at a time would prevent them from leaving some fields blank with the intention of filling them in later (before saving the form).

2.

I prefer applications that prevent me from making mistakes. Telling users about their errors makes them feel incompetent.

3.

It can be caught, to permit the user to be notified in a friendly and informative way. This is not always possible, because the underlying runtime system may be corrupted.

4.

It can hold a statement that closes the file.

5.

Quote from the chapter summary: A software wizard is an application that leads the user through a series of predescribed steps. In each step, the user may be given choices that influence subsequent steps.

Algorithm Workbench

1.

Sprinkler wizard At what time should the watering begin?

Duration of watering period?

Which zones are affected by this timer?

Repeat this timer daily (y/n)?

Create additional timers (y/n)?

2.

Checking the txtZip TextBox: e.Cancel = False If txtZip.Text.Length = 5 Then For ch As Char in txtZip.Text.ToCharArray If Not Char.IsDigit(ch) e.Cancel = True End If Next Else e.Cancel = True End If

3.

Passing an error message: If Not txtName.Contains(" ") Then errProvider.SetError(txtName, "txtName must contain two words") End If

4.

TimeSpan object -- hours, minutes, seconds: Dim ts As New Timespan(3,10,0)

5.

DateTime example: Dim dt As DateTime = Now dt = dt.Add(New Timespan(3,10,0))

Page 5

Chapter 3: Collections True or False

1.

False

2.

True

3.

False

4.

True

5.

True

6.

True

7.

False

8.

True

9.

False

10.

False

11.

True

12.

True

13.

True

14.

False

15.

False

16.

False

17.

True

18.

True (although this is not obvious from the reading)

19.

False

20.

True

21.

True

22.

False – it is Path.GetFileName

23.

False

24.

True

Short Answer

1.

The ArrayList class has an Insert method that lets you specify the position for the insertion.

An array does not have this.

2.

The IComparable interface.

3.

The Equals method

4.

The Item method and the RemoveAt method.

5.

Use a For Each loop.

6.

The list will contain multiple references to the same object.

7.

Result will equal 1

Page 6

8.

A exception will be thrown

9.

Dictionary

10.

Dim stuList As New List(Of Student)

11.

KeyValuePair

12.

stuList.ToArray()

13.

A comparator method

14.

Dim myAccounts As New Dictionary(Of String, Account)

15.

myAccounts.Add("12345", New Account("12345"))

16.

Key and Value

17.

Code that splits a string into an array of strings: words = myLine.Split(","c)

18.

ContainsKey

Algorithm Workbench

1.

LINQ query to list and sort items in a list of accounts: Dim query = From item in accountList Select item Order By item.Id

2.

LINQ query to list accounts created before a given date: Dim query = From item in accountList Where item.CreationDate < #1/1/2005# Select item

3.

LINQ query to list the names and balances of accounts: Dim query = From item in accountList Select item.Name, item.Balance

4.

LINQ query to build a list containing the balance history of a specific account: Dim query = From item in accountList Where Id = "10021" Select item Dim balanceList As List(Of Double) balanceList = query.ElementAt(0).BalanceHistory

Chapter 4: Using SQL Server Databases True or False

1.

True

2.

False

3.

False

4.

True Page 7

5.

False

6.

True

7.

False

8.

True

9.

True

10.

True (since the Fill method belongs to the DataSet class)

11.

True

12.

False

13.

True

14.

False

15.

False

Short Answer

1.

ValueMember

2.

One to many relationship

3.

No

4.

Connection string

5.

A DataGridView control is created and initialized with the names of the table columns.

6.

Code to exit a method if no selection is made in a combo box: If cboSample.SelectedIndex = -1 Then Return End If

7.

RowHeadersVisible (set it to True)

8.

The QueryBuilder does this, although you can also create database diagrams in the Server Explorer window.

9.

DateTimePicker (which was introduced in Chapter 2)

10.

A record

Algorithm Workbench

1.

SQL query that creates an alias from city and state: SELECT City + ' ' + State As CityState FROM Address

2.

Code that displays a modal dialog window: Dim frm As New AllMembersForm frm.ShowDialog()

3.

SQL query that displays a sorted list of music albums: SELECT ID, Title, Artist, Price FROM Albums ORDER BY Artist

Page 8

4.

SQL query that displays a single row from the Albums table: SELECT ID, Title, Artist, Price FROM Albums WHERE ID = @ID

5.

SQL query that obtains the value selected by the user in a combo box: Dim selMember As String selMember = cboMembers.SelectedValue.ToString

6.

Code that fills the Members table from a TableAdapter query: MembersTableAdapter.Fill(MembersDataSet.Members)

7.

SQL query that lists Karate members who joined after a specific date: SELECT ID, Last_Name, First_Name FROM Members WHERE Date_Joined >= @Join_Date

Chapter 5: Database Applications True or False

1.

False (it causes a TableAdapter to be created)

2.

True

3.

True

4.

False

5.

True

6.

False

7.

True

8.

True

9.

False

10.

True

11.

False

12.

True

13.

False (This answer is a little hard to fine. See Tutorial 5-13, Step 3)

14.

True

Short Answer

1.

In the default data directory for SQL Server (usually below the C:\Program Files folder).

2.

Open the Server Explorer window, right-click on Data Connections, and select Create New SQL Server Database.

3.

One to many, where Customers is the parent table.

4.

The Data Sources window lists all of the DataSet classes, whereas the Server Explorer

Page 9

window lists database connections.

5.

Database Diagrams, Tables, Views, Stored Procedures, [Functions, Synonyms, Assemblies]

6.

CustId column

7.

TypeId column

8.

One to many relationship

9.

The child table contains a foreign key

10.

A many to many relationship

11.

Column check constraint, referential integrity constraint, and primary key constraint

12.

Tables, views, and relationships

13.

RepairServicesDataSetTableAdapters.CustomersTableAdapter

14.

Appointments, Customers, and RepairTypes

15.

Runtime data binding is to bind a control to a data source at runtime, using code statements.

16.

DataSource, DisplayMember, and ValueMember

17.

SelectedIndexChanged

18.

FindByID

Chapter 6: Advanced Classes True or False

1.

True

2.

False

3.

True

4.

True

5.

True

6.

True

7.

False

8.

False

9.

True

10.

True

11.

False

12.

True

13.

True

14.

True

15.

True

16.

False

17.

True Page 10

Get complete Order files download link below htps://www.mediafire.com/file/rcq44vvq65t110n/SM +Advanced+Visual+Basic+2010,+5e+Kip++Irvine+Tony+ Gaddis.zip/file

If this link does not work with a click, then copy the complete Download link and paste link in internet explorer/firefox/google chrome and get all files download successfully.

18.

True

19.

False

20.

False

21.

False

22.

False

23.

False

24.

False

25.

False

Short Answer

1.

A structure variable contains its own data. A class variable is a reference to an object stored elsewhere in memory.

2.

When you pass parameters to the structure's constructor.

3.

A component is a collection of related classes that is compiled into a single assembly (compilation unit).

4.

The primary advantage to using a component is that it makes it easier for you to reuse existing code.

5.

Class Library

6.

In the Solution explorer window of the current application, right click the project name and select Add Reference from the popup menu. (See Step 6 in Tutorial 6-1).

7.

Stress, caused by inadvertently creating new bugs while writing code that fixes existing bugs.

8.

Testing that takes place through out a project's development cycle.

9.

Testing all existing code (whenever a significant modification is made to the application).

10.

A unit test is a method that executes and tests a single unit of code (such as a method) in an existing application.

11.

The test engine runs one or more unit tests within the solution container.

12.

Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting

13.

The TestClass attribute

14.

AreNotEqual, AreSame, AreNotSame, Fail, IsFalse, IsTrue, IsNull, IsNotNull (see Table 62).

15.

An object raises an event when it wants to send a signal that something has happened. An event is a notification sent to other objects that may be listening for the event.

16.

A delegate is a template that describes the return type and parameter list for a related group of event handler methods.

17.

The WithEvents qualifier

18.

Inheritance refers to a parent-child relationship between two classes. It enables classes to build on properties, methods, and events in existing classes.

19.

The Protected modifier allows access to a class member by instances of derived classes that inherit from the class.

Page 11

20.

A downward cast would assign a Person object to a variable of type Student. For example: Dim P As New Person Dim S As New Student S = P ' does not compiler when Option Strict is On

21.

Overloading a method is done by declaring multiple methods within the same class that have the same name (but different parameter lists).

Algorithm Workbench

1.

Declaring a structure array: Dim array() As Point = {New Point(4,5), New Point(10,20)}

2.

Creating the File and Document classes, using inheritance and constructors: Public Class File Property ID As String Property Location As String Property CreationDate As DateTime Public Sub New(ByVal IdP As String, ByVal LocationP As String, ByVal CreationDateP As String) ID = IdP Location = LocationP CreationDate = CreationDateP End Sub End Class Class Document Inherits File Property Owner As String Public Sub New(ByVal IdP As String, ByVal LocationP As String, ByVal CreationDateP As String, ByVal OwnerP As String) MyBase.New(IdP, LocationP, CreationDateP) Owner = OwnerP End Sub End Class

3.

General format for a test method, which tests a method named MethodToTest in a class named ClassToTest: <TestMethod()> _ Public Sub TestMethodName() Dim target As New ClassToTest Dim expected As ReturnType Dim actual As ReturnType = target.MethodToTest Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual) End Sub

Page 12

Chapter 7: LINQ to SQL True or False

1.

False

2.

True

3.

True

4.

False (should be the System.Data.Linq.Mapping namespace)

5.

True

6.

True

7.

False

8.

False

9.

True

10.

True

11.

False

12.

True

13.

False (however, the formatting must be done at runtime)

14.

True

15.

False

16.

False

Short Answer

1.

Table

2.

Column

3.

Relationship (between tables)

4.

KarateDataContext

5.

Object Relational Designer tool, in Visual Studio

6.

Associations make it possible to use property names to access data in related tables.

7.

A BindingSource makes it possible to format the columns in Design mode.

8.

To create an alias, follow the alias name with =, followed by the object and property name.

Here is an example (Date is the alias name): Select Date = aPayment.Payment_Date

Algorithm Workbench

1.

LINQ query: Dim query = From aPerson in db.Members Where aPerson.Phone.Substring(0,1) = "3" Select aPerson

2.

LINQ query: Dim query = From aPerson in db.Members

Page 13

Where aPerson.Last_Name.IndexOf("ha") <> -1

3.

LINQ query: Dim query = From sched In db.Schedules Group sched By sched.Instructor.Last_Name Into InstructorGroup = Group

4.

LINQ query: Dim query = From sched In db.Schedules Group sched By sched.Day_Id Into DayGroup = Group For Each grp In query lstBox.Items.Add("Day = " & grp.Day_Id) ' optional For Each aClass In grp.DayGroup lstBox.Items.Add(vbTab & aClass.Day.Name _ & ", " & aClass.Time.TimeOfDay.ToString) Next Next

5.

LINQ query to group payments by Member ID: Dim query = From payment In db.Payments Group payment By payment.Member_Id Into paymentGroup = Group

Optionally, you can use this code to display the member name and amount for each payment: For Each grp In query lstBox.Items.Add("Member ID = " & grp.Member_Id) For Each payment In grp.paymentGroup lstBox.Items.Add(vbTab & payment.Member.Last_Name _ & ", " & payment.Amount.ToString("c")) Next Next

Chapter 8: Creating Web Applications True or False

1.

False

2.

False

3.

False

4.

False

5.

True

6.

False

7.

True

8.

True

9.

True

Page 14

10.

True

11.

True

12.

False

13.

True

14.

True

15.

False

16.

False

17.

False

18.

True

Short Answer

1.

Content, program logic, and configuration information.

2.

It returns a null value (known as Nothing in Visual Basic).

3.

ASP.NET controls execute code on the Web server, and they remember their state when a page is posted back to the server.

4.

Remote Web servers require a username/password login.

5.

Design view, Source view, and Split view.

6.

Select "Browse with" when right-clicking the page in the Solution Explorer window.

7.

From the File menu, select Open Web site.

8.

A dialog window will appear, asking you if you wish to enable debugging in the Web.config file.

9.

A DropDownList does not let the user type a string value directly into the control.

10.

The HyperLink does not generate a click event, whereas the LinkButton does.

11.

The ID property.

12.

Page_Load executes first.

13.

AutoPostBack property

14.

The Calendar's SelectedDate property (unfortunately, the chapter does not show an example)

15.

You can set the IsSelectable property to False.

16.

Set the VisibleDate property to a date that includes the month.

17.

If they select a week, you can iterate over the SelectedDates property (a collection). If they select only one day, its value will be stored in the SelectedDate property.

18.

The CheckBoxList control.

19.

The HyperLink control.

20.

ImageUrl property.

21.

BorderStyle property.

22.

TextMode property.

Page 15

Algorithm Workbench

1.

Retrieve a list of strings from ViewState: Dim myList As List(Of String) myList = Ctype(ViewState("list"), List(Of String))

2.

Checks if the first button in radButtons has been selected: If radButtons.SelectedIndex = 0 Then . . .

3.

Remove all items from a ListBox: lstSummary.Items.Clear()

4.

Select all check boxes in a CheckBoxList control named chkOptions: For Each item As ListItem In chkOptions.Items item.Selected = True Next

5.

Make Feb 10, 2011 visible in a Calendar named myCal: myCal.VisibleDate = #2/10/2011#

Chapter 9: Programming Web Forms True or False

1.

True

2.

False

3.

True

Short Answer

1.

It identifies the document type to the browser, along with the XHTML standard it follows.

2.

<title>, <link href>

3.

<ListItem>Brussels</ListItem>

4.

All ASP.NET controls

5.

letter-spacing (see the bottom of page 437)

6.

CssClass property

7.

class property

8.

It was the .menuItem a:hover style.

9.

HyperLink

10.

The ValidationSummary uses the contents of the RequiredFieldValidator's ErrorMessage property.

11.

ControlToValidate

12.

The Text property appears just to the right of the control being validated; the ErrorMessage property appears in the validation summary.

13.

RegularExpressionValidator

14.

CompareValidator

Page 16

15.

Create an Attachment object from the filename, and then using the MailMessage object, call its Attachments.Add method.

16.

Add a separate MailAddress object for each recipient.

17.

CSS Style definition: .MyStyle { font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: bold; }

18.

<link> tag, found in the <head> section of the page.

19.

The <customErrors mode> tag and property.

20.

The ContentType property.

What Do You Think?

1.

Because HTML tags can contain malicious code, written in JavaScript, for example.

2.

It returns the original file path of the uploaded file on the user's computer.

3.

Yes, because it fires a SelectionChanged event. (This question relates to Chapter 8.)

Algorithm Workbench

1.

HTML table definition: <table> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>B</td> <td>C</td> </tr> </table>

2.

HTML table cell that spans 2 columns: <td colspan="2"></td>

3.

CSS class: .BigHead { font-size:2em; font-family:Tahoma; color:Red; font-weight:bold; line-height:2.3em; }

4.

CSS class: .SubHead { font-family:Arial; font-size:1.2em; border-bottom:solid .1em black; }

Page 17

5.

Web.config statement: <customErrors mode="On"> <error statusCode="403" redirect="error403.htm" /> </customErrors>

6.

Saving an uploaded file: uplFile.PostedFile.SaveAs("c:\temp\x.doc")

7.

Sending an email message: Dim message As New MailMessage("me@fiu.edu", "you@fiu.edu", "Grades", "Your grades are ready for viewing")

8.

Add a file attachment to a MailMessage object: myMsg.Attachments.Add(New Attachment("c:\classes\grades.htm"))

9.

Server.Transfer("PageTwo.aspx")

Chapter 10: Web Applications with Databases True or False

1.

False

2.

True

3.

False

4.

True

5.

True

6.

True

7.

False

8.

False

9.

True

10.

True

11.

False

12.

False

13.

True

14.

True

15.

True

16.

False

17.

False

18.

False

19.

True

20.

True

21.

True

22.

False Page 18

23.

True

24.

False

Short Answer

1.

They have no way of knowing that a master page was used.

2.

Select the Add Content Page command from the Website menu.

3.

In the Page directive of a content page's XHTML.

4.

Insert a statement such as the following in web.config: <pages masterPageFile="~/MasterPage.master" />

5.

To reference a Button control on the currently displayed content page, write code in the master page that calls the ContentPlaceHolder’s FindControl method.

6.

First, get a reference to the master page, using the Me.Master property. Then, call the FindControl method to locate a specific control. For example: Dim tmaster As MyMasterPage Dim ctrl As Label tmaster = CType(Me.Master, MyMasterPage) ctrl = CType(tmaster.FindControl("lblStatus"), Label)

7.

Master page

8.

DataSource (or DataSourceID), DataTextField, and DataValueField (optional).

9.

Loop through the SelectedIndices collection (this was not covered in Chapter 10).

10.

The default value is 0.

11.

DataKeyNames (this question was changed in the book's first reprint)

12.

Use the SelectedRow.Cells(0).Value property

13.

SelectedIndex

14.

SelectedIndexChanged event

15.

SqlDataSource (or ObjectDataSource) control

16.

LinkButton control (introduced in Chapter 8, and used in Chapter 10).

17.

SelectedValue, SelectedItem, and SelectedIndex

18.

DataFormatString property (see Step 3 in Tutorial 10-3).

19.

Get the Text property of a button: form1.btnOk.value

20.

RegisterClientScriptBlock

21.

Ask the user a yes or no question in JavaScript: confirm('Save this file?')

22.

Ask the user for a filename in JavaScript: name = window.prompt('Enter a filename','');

23.

Define a JavaScript function named calculate: Page 19

function calculate( v1, v2 ) return v1 / (v2 * .5); }

24.

{

JavaScript statement: window.open('Schedule.aspx')

25.

FindControl

Chapter 11: Web Services and Windows Presentation Foundation True or False

1.

False

2.

True

3.

False (should be OperationContract)

4.

False

5.

False – it runs with the current user's privileges

6.

True

7.

True

8.

True

9.

False

10.

False

11.

True

12.

False

13.

True

Short Answer

1.

Extended Markup Language

2.

When a Web reference is added to a project, Visual Studio imports the WSDL (Web Services Description Language) file, which defines the service contract.

3.

SOAP, as it is known, is a standard protocol for encapsulating Web service messages.

4.

WSDL

5.

UDDI

6.

Windows Communication Foundation

7.

ServiceContractAttribute

8.

DataContractAttribute

9.

OperationContractAttribute

10.

It contains the ServiceHost directive, which identifies the language, debugging options, the name of the service, and the name of the codebehind file.

Page 20

11.

The service contract file defines an interface that is passed to all client programs, so they can make calls to service methods.

12.

The service implementation file contains VB (or C#) code that implements the methods defined by the WCF service operations.

13.

The serviceModel tag is located in the Web configuration file.

14.

Windows Presentation Foundation

15.

Microsoft Expression Blend

16.

eXtensible Application Markup Language

17.

DockPanel

18.

ClickOnce

19.

Application manifest

20.

Deployment manifest

21.

Publish Wizard

Chapter 12: Reports, MDI, Interfaces, and Polymorphism True or False

1.

False

2.

True

3.

False

4.

True

5.

False

6.

True (Look for the ReportDataSource inside the definition of a ReportViewer, on page 609.)

7.

False

8.

True

9.

False

10.

False

11.

True

12.

False

13.

True

14.

False

15.

True

16.

False

17.

False

18.

False

19.

True

(look for ActiveControl)

Page 21

20.

False (unless you explicitly cast the base type object into the derived type)

Short Answer

1.

Click the gray square in the upper left corner of the report definition.

2.

ScriptManager and ObjectDataSource.

3.

Product and SalesOrderDetail.

4.

DataSet

5.

Right-click, select TextBox Properties from the popup menu, and select Alignment.

6.

The implemented the GrossPay method differently, since Employee objects have a yearly salary, and Consultant objects have an hourly pay rate.

7.

It gives you the flexibility of adding more classes that implement the same interface, without having to modify existing classes. Interfaces make it easier to reduce the amount of duplicate code in an application.

8.

You could create a comparator method that implements the IComparer interface. This new method could compare the Balance property, or some other property in two BankAccount objects.

9.

When the parent window is closed, all child windows close automatically. Or, if the main window should stay open, it can use code to iterate through the windows in the MdiChildren collection and close each one.

10.

MustInherit

11.

MustOverride

12.

Overridable

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