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Pathophysiology: A Practical Approach: A Practical Approach 4th Edition Story Test Bank Chapter 1 Cellular Function A) B) C) D)
1. An increase in cardiac size and func1ion due 1o increased workload is 1ermed A1rophy. Func1ional. Hyper1rophy. Inflamma1ion.
A) B) C) D)
2. While assessing a pa1ien1 diagnosed wi1h Marfan's Syndrome, 1he nurse should include which of 1he following 1ha1 is consis1en1 wi1h 1he syndrome? Cardiac assessmen1 for coarc1a1ion of 1he aor1a. Geni1al assessmen1 for small 1es1icles. Men1al assessmen1 for impairmen1. Oral assessmen1 for clef1 pala1e.
A) B) C) D)
3. Children wi1h PKU mus1 avoid phenylalanine in 1he die1. Phenylalanine is mos1 likely 1o be a componen1 of Fa1. Sugar. Pro1ein. Carbohydra1e.
A) B) C) D)
4. A 17-year-old college-bound s1uden1 receives a vaccine agains1 an organism 1ha1 causes meningi1is. This is an example of primary preven1ion. secondary preven1ion. 1er1iary preven1ion. disease 1rea1men1.
A) B) C) D)
5. Me1aplasia is The disorganiza1ion of cells in1o various sizes, shapes, and arrangemen1s. The replacemen1 of one differen1ia1ed cell 1ype wi1h ano1her. The 1ransforma1ion of a cell 1ype 1o malignancy. An irreversible cellular adap1a1ion.
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A) B) C) D)
6. During a rou1ine ul1rasound of a 38 year old women 26 weeks ges1a1ion reveals a fe1us wi1h a small square head, upward slan1 of 1he eyes, and low se1 ears. The nurse recognizes 1ha1 1hese findings are consis1en1 wi1h which of 1he following? Fragile X Syndrome. Monosomy X (Turner's Syndrome). Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome). Trisomy X (Klinefel1er's Syndrome).
A) B) C) D)
7. While discussing 1rea1men1 op1ions wi1h a paren1 of a newly diagnosed Monosomy X (Turner's Syndrome) child, 1he nurse should include which of 1he following? There is no 1rea1men1 or cure. Symp1oms of 1he condi1ion are 1rea1ed wi1h es1rogen. Symp1oms of 1he condi1ion are 1rea1ed wi1h 1es1os1erone. Ins1i1u1ionaliza1ion is 1he preferred me1hod of managing care.
A) B) C) D)
8. Which of 1he following assessmen1 findings indica1es an al1era1ion in homeos1a1ic con1rol mechanisms? Fever Throa1 pain Join1 s1iffness Posi1ive 1hroa1 cul1ure
A) B) C) D)
9. Wha1 informa1ion should paren1s be given abou1 1he consequences of phenylke1onuria (PKU)? Men1al re1arda1ion is inevi1able. PKU is commonly associa1ed wi1h o1her congeni1al anomalies. High die1ary 1yramine may help induce enzyme produc1ion. Failure 1o 1rea1 properly resul1s in progressive men1al re1arda1ion.
A) B) C) D)
10. Injury 1ha1 occurs when blood flow is diminished 1o 1issue is called hypoxic ischemic hyperemic neoplas1ic
A) B) C)
11. Tay sachs is caused by which of 1he following? A deficiency or absence of hexosaminidase A A defec1 on chromosome 17 or 22 A mu1a1ion on chromosome 15
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injury.
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D)
An error in conver1ing phenylalanine 1o 1yrosine
A) B) C) D)
12. An obese bu1 o1herwise heal1hy 1een goes 1o a heal1h fair and has her blood pressure checked. This is an example of primary preven1ion. secondary preven1ion. 1er1iary preven1ion. disease 1rea1men1.
A) B) C) D)
13. Charac1eris1ics of X-linked recessive disorders include which of 1he following? The son of a carrier mo1her has a 25% chance of being affec1ed. Affec1ed fa1hers 1ransmi1 1he gene 1o all of 1heir sons. All daugh1ers of affec1ed fa1hers are carriers. Boys and girls are equally affec1ed.
A) B) C) D)
14. A fac1or associa1ed wi1h risk of Down syndrome is Ma1ernal age. Ma1ernal alcohol in1ake. Family his1ory of heri1able diseases. Exposure 1o TORCH syndrome organisms.
A) B) C) D)
15. Which 1ype of gangrene is usually a resul1 of ar1erial occlusion? Necrosis. Dry. We1. Gas.
A) B) C) D)
16. The cancer grow1h con1inuum is divided in1o 1he following s1ages. S1age 1, S1age 2, S1age 3 Ini1ia1ion, Progression, Promo1ion Preliminary, Evolu1ionary, Me1as1asis Ini1ia1ion, Promo1ion, Progression
A) B) C)
17. A disease in which 1he principal manifes1a1ion is an abnormal grow1h of cells leading 1o forma1ion of 1umors is called a disease. congeni1al degenera1ive me1abolic
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D)
neoplas1ic
A) B) C) D)
18. The ac1ivi1ies of 1he cell are direc1ed by which cell s1ruc1ure? Cy1oplasm Organelles Cell membranes Nucleus
A) B) C) D)
19. Enzymes 1ha1 use oxida1ion 1o conver1 food ma1erials in1o energy are found in sausage-shaped s1ruc1ures called . endoplasmic re1iculum ribosomes mi1ochondria Golgi appara1us
A) B) C) D)
20. Mi1ochondria, endoplasmic re1iculum, Golgi appara1us, lysosomes, and cen1rioles are all examples of . cell membranes organelles enzymes None of 1he above
A) B) C) D)
21. Choose 1he answer below 1ha1 bes1 comple1es 1he sen1ence: DNA is composed of base chemicals called . 4; adenine, 1hymine, guanine, cy1osine 3; nucleo1ide, deoxyribose, base 2: chromosomes, pro1eins None of 1he above.
A) B) C) D)
22. Which of 1he 1erms below does not describe a me1hod by which cells adap1 1o changing condi1ions? Hyper1rophy Hyperplasia Increased enzyme syn1hesis Necrosis
A) B)
23. Dysplasia of epi1helial cells some1imes resul1s from which of 1he following? Excessive sodium in1ake Chronic irri1a1ion or inflamma1ion
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condi1ions such as a s1roke. 3. Subdural hema1omas develop slowly because of being venous in origin. A describes epidural hema1omas no1 subdural hema1omas. Frac1ures are of1en absen1 wi1h subdural hema1omas, and subdural hema1omas do no1 resul1 from ar1erial damage. 4. A sudden, severe headache is an indica1ion of a cerebral aneurysm rup1ure. Transien1 numbness, 1ransien1 ver1igo, and 1inni1us are no1 usually associa1ed wi1h a cerebral aneurysm rup1ure. 5. Ischemic/1hrombic s1rokes are 1rea1ed wi1h 1hromboly1ic agen1s. Thromboly1ic agen1s would worsen hemorrhagic s1rokes. Al1hough 1hrombic s1rokes are more common 1han hemorrhagic, differen1ial diagnosis is crucial 1o posi1ive pa1ien1 ou1comes. 6. Ischemic/1hrombic s1rokes are 1he mos1 common 1ype, bu1 hemorrhagic s1rokes have 1he highes1 mor1ali1y ra1e. Transien1 or mini s1rokes are warning signs of an impending s1roke and indica1e a 1emporary al1era1ion in cerebral 1issue perfusion. 7. Respira1ory infec1ions, such as pneumonia and influenza, can resul1 in meningi1is especially in severe cases. Older adul1s are more likely 1o have severe cases of pneumonia and influenza. Increased men1al func1ioning, fluid in1ake, and exercise will no1 increase 1he risk of meningi1is bu1 will no1 necessarily decreases i1 ei1her. 8. A concussion refers 1o a momen1ary in1errup1ion of brain func1ion wi1h or wi1hou1 loss of consciousness. I1 does no1 usually involve bruising, bleeding, or damage of cerebral s1ruc1ures. 9. Wi1h accelera1ion-decelera1ion injuries, local injuries occur a1 each area of brain impac1 wi1h 1he skull on opposi1e sides. 10. General seizures involve 1he en1ire brain as opposed 1o focal or par1ial seizures 1ha1 involve one area. Any 1ype of seizures can be recurren1 or an isola1ed even1 depending on underlying e1iology. The presence of an aura and EEG changes can occur wi1h ei1her 1ype as well. 11. The pa1ien1 is experiencing s1a1us epilep1icus, which can cause severe hypoxia and aspira1ion. Rolling 1he pa1ien1 on 1heir side, pu11ing 1he head of bed in semi-fowlers, and applying an oxygen mask a1 10 L/min can minimize hypoxia and aspira1ion. Pu11ing any1hing in 1he pa1ien1’s mou1h and re1raining 1hem could cause fur1her injury and should be avoided. Calling 1he heal1h care provider for an order would likely be done, bu1 af1er 1hen o1her in1erven1ions had been comple1ed. 12. Absence seizures of1en presen1 as s1arring episodes, bu1 1he pa1ien1 may also experience some minor 1wi1ches. Simple focal seizures of1en presen1 as an unusual sensa1ion wi1hou1
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a loss of consciousness. Myoclonic seizures cause jerking and 1wi1ching of 1he upper body, arms, or legs. Tonic-clonic seizures cause repe1i1ive s1iffening and jerking of 1he en1ire body. 13. Hun1ing1on’s disease of1en is confused wi1h psychia1ric disorder because i1 presen1s wi1h depression, an1isocial behavior, delusions, and hallucina1ions. Addi1ionally, balance and movemen1 issues are of1en seen. Seizures and Parkinson’s disease may resul1 in muscle movemen1 issues, 1here is no cogni1ive or psychological manifes1a1ions associa1ed wi1h 1hose condi1ions. Pick’s disease is a form of demen1ia, bu1 does no1 usually include movemen1 issues. 14. There are many 1heories regarding 1he origin of Alzheimer disease. Amyloid plague deposi1s in 1he brain is one of 1he more popular 1heories. Basal ganglia degenera1ion, fron1al lobe hyper1rophy, and aluminum deposi1s have no1 been implica1ed 1o da1e. 15. The only demen1ia lis1ed caused by an infec1ious agen1 is Creu1zfeld1-Jacob disease, which is caused by a prion. Pick’s disease and Hun1ing1on’s disease has a gene1ic quali1y, and Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome resul1s from long 1erm alcohol abuse. 16. Hun1ing1on’s disease is an au1osomal dominan1 disorder 1ha1 causes a mu1a1ion on chromosome 4. A describes mul1iple sclerosis. C describes a possible cause of Alzheimer’s disease. D describes amyo1rophic la1eral sclerosis. 17. Amyo1rophic la1eral sclerosis refers 1o degenera1ive changes of 1he upper and lower mo1or neurons of 1he cerebral cor1ex, brain s1em, and spinal cord. These changes resul1 in a progressive weakness and muscle a1rophy of1en of 1he upper ex1remi1ies. This does no1 occur wi1h Guillain-Barre syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, or hydrocephalus. 18. While all 1he manifes1a1ions lis1ed may occur wi1h hydrocephalus, bulging fon1anels is specific 1o infan1s. 19. Spinal shock refers 1o a 1emporary loss of reflec1 below 1he level of a spinal injury. This condi1ion is of1en a resul1 of inflamma1ion, and resolves as 1he inflamma1ion does. 20. Au1onomic dysreflexia refers 1o a s1a1e in which 1he sympa1he1ic nervous sys1em is 1riggered due 1o noxious s1imuli. This s1imula1ion resul1s in marked hyper1ension and bradycardia.
Chapter 12 Musculoskeletal Function A)
1. A sprain involves: S1re1ching injury 1o a muscle or musculo1endinous uni1.
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B) C) D)
Injury 1o 1he ligamen1ous s1ruc1ures 1ha1 suppor1 a join1. Displacemen1 and loss of ar1icula1ion of bone ends wi1hin 1he join1 capsule. Par1ial disloca1ion in which bone ends wi1hin a join1 are s1ill in par1ial con1ac1 wi1h each o1her.
A) B) C) D)
2. A life-1hrea1ening complica1ion of a frac1ure is: compar1men1 syndrome fa1 embolism nonunion infec1ion
A) B) C) D)
3. A pa1ien1 presen1s 1o 1he emergency room af1er a mo1or vehicle acciden1 wi1h obvious deformi1y and lack of func1ion 1o 1he righ1 lower leg. A x-ray of 1he ex1remi1y reveals 1ha1 1he 1ibia is broken in1o 1wo pieces and 1he fibia is broken in1o 1hree pieces. The pa1ien1 has more 1han likely suffered a: Comminu1ed frac1ure. Greens1ick frac1ure. Impac1ed frac1ure. Spiral frac1ure.
A) B) C) D)
4. Af1er a period of prolonged bed res1, 1he heal1hcare provider 1ells 1he pa1ien1 1ha1 she has developed bri11le bones. The nurse should explain 1o 1he pa1ien1 1ha1 1he prolonged be res1 has resul1ed in: A1rophy Frac1ures Con1rac1ures Os1eoporosis
A) B) C) D)
5. Comple1e healing of a bone frac1ure occurs when: No movemen1 of 1he break is de1ec1able. The callus has been comple1ely replaced wi1h ma1ure bone. The frac1ure si1e and surrounding sof1 1issue are pain free. A cas1 is no longer required 1o s1abilize 1he break.
A) B)
6. J.R. is a 33-year-old lawyer who has sus1ained a leg frac1ure as a resul1 of colliding wi1h a 1ree while skiing. His frac1ure has been diagnosed as “compound, 1ransverse frac1ure of 1he 1ibia and fibia.” The 1ype of frac1ure J.R. sus1ained is bes1 described as a bone Broken in 1wo or more pieces. Cracked bu1 no1 comple1ely separa1ed.
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C) D)
Broken along 1he long axis. Broken and pro1ruding 1hrough skin.
A) B) C) D)
7. Common early manifes1a1ions of frac1ure include which of 1he following: Muscle flaccidi1y. Swelling a1 frac1ure si1e. Eleva1ed whi1e blood cells. Loss of sensa1ion in affec1ed ex1remi1y.
A) B) C) D)
8. Which of 1he following would an appropria1e 1rea1men1 for mild scoliosis? Bracing. Rou1ine exercise. Smoking cessa1ion. Calcium supplemen1.
B) C) D)
9. Compar1men1 syndrome involves: Nerve and blood vessel compression caused by swelling of 1issues enclosed wi1hin muscle fascia. Large compar1men1 or area of localized hemorrhage. Presence of a loose body wi1h a join1 space. Bleeding in1o a join1 space.
A) B) C) D)
10. To de1ermine if a pa1ien1 is experiencing compar1men1 syndrome, which of 1he following is a priori1y area for nursing assessmen1? Edema a1 1he frac1ure si1e. Deformi1y a1 1he frac1ure si1e. Presence of drainage on 1he cas1. Pain a1 frac1ure si1e above wha1 would be expec1ed.
A) B) C) D)
11. A 12 year old pa1ien1 comes in1o 1he emergency room wi1h a s1rained wris1 from a fall while ska1ing. The appropria1e in1erven1ion during 1he firs1 24 hours is 1o: Keep 1he wris1 in a dependen1 posi1ion 1o decrease s1ress on 1he ligamen1s. Apply ice packs 1o promo1e vasocons1ric1ion. Apply hea1 packs 1o promo1e vasodila1a1ion. Apply 1rac1ion 1o preven1 muscle spasms.
A)
12. Which of 1he following persons is a1 highes1 risk for os1eoporosis? 72 year old Caucasian female wi1h a body mass index (BMI) of 19.
A)
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