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Chap 01_ORGB3 Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. The study of individual differences is the main focus of anthropology. a. True b. False 2. A change initiative often results in failure. a. True b. False 3. It is often how we behave in the midst of change that determines whether change will fail or result in success. a. True b. False 4. Management involves the coordination of activities and human resources for the accomplishment of organization goals. a. True b. False 5. Skill development is facilitated by structured practice and feedback. a. True b. False 6. A business firm’s interaction with the environment is a characteristic of an open system. a. True b. False 7. Total quality management is a total dedication to continuous improvement. a. True b. False 8. A complete understanding of organizational behaviour requires only an understanding of the organizational context within which human behaviour is acted out. a. True b. False 9. Global competition is a leading force driving change at work. a. True b. False 10. The study and management of organizational behaviour is primarily an art rather than a science. a. True b. False

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Chap 01_ORGB3 11. Early research with individuals, groups, and organizations in the midst of environmental change found that change is often experienced as a threat, which leads to a reliance on well-learned and dominant forms of behaviour. a. True b. False 12. A manager who applies the design thinking approach will be relying on past successes. a. True b. False 13. In the midst of change, people often become rigid and reactive rather than open and responsive. a. True b. False 14. Organizational behaviour is considered a blended discipline. a. True b. False 15. The informal organization is the unofficial part of the system. a. True b. False 16. A questioning and probing attitude is at the core of critical thinking. a. True b. False 17. Role set, norms, and intragroup and intergroup behavioural dynamics are key aspects in the field of psychology. a. True b. False 18. Total quality management is an employee-oriented philosophy of management. a. True b. False 19. The hierarchy of authority or chain of command is an important feature of the informal organization. a. True b. False 20. The Six Sigma approach is characterized by self-directed work teams and an orientation on quality. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 21. Which is an example of the snake pit metaphor or the “dark side”? a. a rational, logical approach to work b. working in teams c. workplace violence d. human behaviour in times of change

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Chap 01_ORGB3 22. What represents the core technology of a postsecondary educational institution? a. library, laboratories, classrooms, and computer equipment b. registration and billing systems c. athletic programs d. student brain power 23. What distinguishes medicine from psychology? a. the study of the individual b. the study of society c. health and wellness programs d. the study of design 24. The Human Resource Manager of the organization considers certain skills necessary to be successful. Which skills is she/he looking for in new employees? a. resource management, oral communication, computer use, and numeracy b. resource management, thinking skills, computer skills, and oral communication c. thinking skills, computer and document use, and oral communication d. resource management, reading mathematics, communication, and critical thinking 25. How does the discipline of organizational behaviour distinguish itself from other disciplines? a. by emphasizing absolutes b. by emphasizing the situation c. by emphasizing the organization d. by emphasizing the organizational system 26. What is best reflected by the unofficial and less visible part of the system? a. social surface b. informal organization c. overt organization d. formal organization 27. Why was the open system view of an organization established? a. to better understand an organization’s function b. to better understand the individual c. to better understand individual behaviour and group processes d. to better understand the structural dimensions of organizations 28. Which discipline emphasizes the design, implementation, and coordination of administrative and organizational systems? a. psychology b. management c. anthropology d. sociology 29. What is represented by the hiring of new staff and the purchase of material? a. outputs b. throughputs c. inputs d. transformations 30. When contrasting Six Sigma to TQM, executive ownership in Six Sigma can be compared to TQM’s selfdirected work teams. What element of TQM can be compared to Six Sigma’s business results-oriented philosophy? a. cross-functional b. quality oriented c. self-directed d. quality initiated Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 01_ORGB3 31. How is objective knowledge developed in any field of study? a. through basic and applied research b. through past practices and training c. through experience d. through a review of the relevant literature 32. Alex told his supervisor about the inconsistencies between the new product and the old. What is he demonstrating? a. critical thinking b. job performance c. subjective knowledge d. organizational reality 33. Managing organizational behaviour in a turbulent environment is challenging. Globalization, workforce diversity, and technological innovation are three factors that contribute to this challenge. What is the fourth factor? a. job analysis b. employee compensation c. customer satisfaction d. moral and ethical behaviour 34. Within what context does organizational behaviour occur? a. the group context b. the organizational context c. the external environment context d. the individual context 35. Which statement best applies to total quality management (TQM)? a. Quality is machine driven with quality improvements resulting from use of robotic equipment. b. Quality is an employee-oriented philosophy required by quality engineers. c. Quality is the responsibility of specialists who randomly perform quality checks on items as they leave the assembly line. d. Quality is a customer-oriented philosophy with important implications for virtually all aspects of organizational behaviour. 36. Starbucks Canada is the main competitor to Tim Hortons. What part of an organization does this represent? a. labour market b. transformation technology c. external task environment d. formal structure 37. Dorian has started a cultural shift at his organization in quality processes. Which type of reaction will he most likely face in the early stages? a. rigid and reactive b. open and responsive c. angry and defiant d. emotional and reactive 38. Which independent discipline evolved from the disciplines of psychology, sociology, engineering, anthropology, management, and medicine? a. organizational understanding b. organizational perspective c. organizational behaviour d. organizational research 39. A manager states that Cheryl is an outstanding employee because she has a high need for achievement. What perspective is the manager using to explain Cheryl’s behaviour? a. cultural b. internal c. interactive d. external

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Chap 01_ORGB3 40. What is the term for an organization’s suppliers, customers, and regulatory agencies? a. market b. general environment c. external task environment d. political economy 41. Which discipline includes studying human behaviour? a. engineering b. psychology c. anthropology d. sociology 42. Which organization recently went on record to the public stating that it lost focus and stopped listening to its customers? a. General Motors b. Enron c. Fannie Mae d. Toyota 43. Which discipline is especially important to our understanding of organizational culture? a. psychology b. medicine c. anthropology d. sociology 44. What does organizational behaviour study? a. psychosocial actions, individual behaviour, and organizational structure b. psychosocial actions, interpersonal behaviour, and group processes c. interpersonal behaviour, group dynamics in organizations, and work design d. individual behaviour, the structure of the organization, and group processes 45. Which discipline includes culture and the study of learned behaviour? a. psychology b. management c. anthropology d. sociology 46. Which discipline focuses on human productivity and efficiency in the workplace? a. anthropology b. engineering c. sociology d. psychology 47. What did the Hawthorne Studies uncover? a. viewing an organization as clockworks b. the importance of the informal organization and its impact on productivity c. delegating authority downward and throughout the organization d. the workflow and scheduling of work for production efficiency 48. The internal perspective of human behaviour has resulted in a range of motivational theories. What does this perspective imply? a. similarity among individuals b. conflict among individuals c. individuals are best understood by external forces d. individuals are best understood from inside

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Chap 01_ORGB3 49. What are the “clockworks” and “snake pit” metaphors illustrating about organizations? a. the orderly idealized view of organizational behaviour b. the view of the organization versus the view of the individual c. the conflicts, stress, and struggles in organizations d. the confusion of the work in organizations 50. Psychology is the study of the science of human behaviour. What discipline is sociology the science of? a. social circumstances b. individuals c. society d. environmental forces 51. Having a positive attitude, asking questions, listening to the answers, and being committed to success is behaviour that will help an individual adapt to which of the following? a. change b. denial c. organizational differences d. contingency 52. What is the relationship between abductive reasoning and design thinking? a. passively accepting the direction of others with more knowledge b. designing a new solution without relying on the past c. designing a solution that uses critical thinking and a process orientation d. not experimenting with new ideas and information 53. What are the four challenges related to change for managers in contemporary organizations? a. globalization, technology, religiosity, and ethics b. globalization, workforce diversity, ethics and character, and technology c. globalization, demography, diversity, and ethics d. globalization, technology, diversity, and employee attitudes 54. What is an important advantage of the application of knowledge and skills for understanding organizational behaviour? a. experiential learning b. rote memorization c. imitating others d. reading 55. What is a significant aspect of total quality management (TQM)? a. the use of computers b. employee-driven suggestion systems c. continuous improvement and attention to customer needs d. the suboptimization of resource allocation 56. During a learning activity, mastery of basic objective knowledge takes place. What will happen next? a. development of specific skills and abilities b. application of knowledge and skills c. Bloom’s Remembering of basic objective knowledge d. memorization

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Chap 01_ORGB3 57. What are the four phases that Six Sigma uses to tackle problems? a. evaluate, analyze, improve, change b. measure, analyze, change, control c. measure, analyze, improve, control d. define, analyze, improve, change 58. Company XYZ uses quantitative data to predict cost savings. Which approach to quality management is company XYZ using? a. the Shanin system b. Six Sigma c. TQM d. Taguchi’s method 59. Which of the following applies to the Six Sigma philosophy for companywide quality improvement? a. improving quality within the outsourcing process b. decision making based on qualitative data c. customer-driven approach d. decreased inputs 60. What converts inputs to outputs in an open system? a. task structure b. robots c. technology d. borrowed financial resources 61. What change-related challenges are critical for the study and management of organizational behaviour? a. workforce demographic change and diversity b. workforce motivation c. rivalry between other countries d. economic competition 62. What is the term for using a wide range of tools, knowledge, and/or techniques to transform inputs into outputs? a. task environment b. structure c. technology d. mission 63. What must organizations respond to for success in global competition? a. changes in information technology b. changes in wage structure c. changes in demography d. ethnic, religious, and gender diversity 64. Where is an organization’s task reflected? a. in its input materials b. in its structure c. in its human resources d. in its mission or purpose 65. Martha uses her knowledge of organizational behaviour principles at work. What is she demonstrating? a. learning b. skill development c. subjective knowledge d. essential skills 66. What makes developing skills different from acquiring objective knowledge? a. structured practice and feedback b. deduction c. empirical testing d. induction

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Chap 01_ORGB3 67. What is the foundation of the Canadian economy? a. goods sector b. manufacturing sector c. foreign trade d. domestic trade 68. Which science studies individual behaviour and group dynamics in organizational settings? a. organizational development b. organization theory c. organizational behaviour d. organization design Match the following: a. Economic activity outside the firm b. An organization’s primary concern, goal, and/or reason for existence c. Tools, equipment, and procedures for transforming inputs into outputs d. An organization that receives inputs from the environment and releases outputs to the environment e. The result of an organization’s conversion process, i.e., products, services f. The specific setting within which organizational behaviour is enacted 69. Technology 70. Open System 71. Environment 72. Task 73. Output 74. Organizational Context Match the following: a. Dedication to continuous improvement and meeting customer demands b. Research results or scientific information c. Learning and mastery of physical and social abilities d. The primary concern for managers in the 21st century e. Knowledge of results 75. Skill Development 76. Objective Knowledge 77. Total Quality 78. Feedback 79. Change

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Chap 01_ORGB3 Match the following: a. The applied science of energy and matter b. The science of human behaviour c. The science of human-learned behaviour and study of organizational culture d. A discipline concerned with the study of administrative and organizational systems e. The science of society and study of groups 80. Psychology 81. Anthropology 82. Management 83. Engineering 84. Sociology 85. Identify the major reasons why managing organizational behaviour will be challenging during changing times.

86. continuing technological innovation PTS: 1 REF: Change Creates Opportunities OBJ: LO 6 4. What is the difference between objective knowledge and skill development?

87. working with others 7) continuous learning 8) thinking skills 9) computer use While the skills are used in different degrees and at different levels of complexity in different types of work, they are all needed. All these skills are used in the study of organizational behaviour. PTS: 1 REF: Learning about Organizational Behaviour OBJ: LO 7 6. Briefly identify the major drivers of change in the current work environment.

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Chap 01_ORGB3 88. Briefly identify the four phases Six Sigma uses to tackle problems.

89. In addition to basic enabling skills, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada identified nine essential skills necessary to be successful for work, learning, and life. Briefly identify four of these skills.

90. Provide an example of a business firm as an open system.

91. Explain why it is important to study organizational behaviour.

92. Distinguish between informal and formal organizations. Are they complementary or contradictory?

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Chap 01_ORGB3 Answer Key 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. False 9. True 10. False 11. True 12. False 13. True 14. True 15. True 16. True 17. False 18. False 19. False 20. False 21. c 22. a 23. c 24. c 25. b 26. b

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Chap 01_ORGB3 27. a 28. b 29. c 30. b 31. a 32. a 33. d 34. b 35. d 36. c 37. a 38. c 39. b 40. c 41. b 42. d 43. c 44. d 45. c 46. b 47. b 48. d 49. b 50. c 51. a 52. b 53. b 54. a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 01_ORGB3 55. c 56. a 57. c 58. b 59. c 60. c 61. a 62. c 63. d 64. d 65. b 66. a 67. c 68. c 69. c 70. d 71. a 72. b 73. e 74. f 75. c 76. b 77. a 78. e 79. d 80. b 81. c 82. d Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 01_ORGB3 83. a 84. e 85. Reasons include: 1) the increasing globalization of organizations’ operating territory 2) the increasing diversity of organizational workforces 3) the continuing demand for higher levels of moral and ethical behaviour at work 86. Objective knowledge is the information gained from research and scholarly activity. Answers to scientific questions resulting from research studies form the knowledge base for effectively managing organizations. Skill development refers to the practice and feedback associated with mastering behavioural abilities necessary for successful management. 87. Change is driven by: 1) the increasing globalization of organizations’ operating territory 2) the increasing diversity of organizational workforces 3) the continuing demand for higher levels of moral and ethical behaviour at work 4) continuing technological innovation 88. (1) measure, (2) analyze, (3) improve, and (4) control 89. The nine were identified through research and are needed to be successful in most types of work and life. The nine are: 1) reading text 2) document use 3) numeracy 4) writing 5) oral communication 90. An open system gathers or receives inputs from its environment, transforms these inputs through application of technology, and provides a finished product to the environment or marketplace. A Heinz food processing plant purchases raw tomatoes, onions, and other vegetables from the environment. It then mixes and cooks these ingredients and converts them into ketchup. The ketchup is bottled, packaged, and shipped to the marketplace. 91. Of the four principal ingredients (task, technology, structure, and people) of an organization, employees are the most difficult to manage and change. Individuals display numerous differences, group norms can influence productivity, and leaders can fail. Motivation, leadership, and group dynamics are very difficult to understand. Greater understanding of these behavioural phenomena can enhance one’s managerial effectiveness. 92. The formal organization consists of positions, departments, organization levels, and the authority and lines of communication that link organization parts and people together. The personal relationships and friendships between two or more organizational members constitute an informal organization. The formal and informal can coexist, be mutually reinforcing, or be in conflict. The task of the manager is to be aware of the informal and try to manage the situation so that the informal supports and furthers the goals of the formal organization.

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Chap 0_ORGB3 Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Individuals with ability diversity are entering the workforce in increasing numbers and are productive members of the organization. a. True b. False 2. Rule-based theories of ethics emphasize the outcome of the act in arriving at universal moral rights and wrongs. a. True b. False 3. The Internet and electronic innovation have made surveillance of employees more widespread. a. True b. False 4. The glass ceiling is a phenomenon unique to Canada and the United States. a. True b. False 5. High uncertainty avoidance is associated with high risk taking. a. True b. False 6. A Japanese manager employed at the Toyota plant in Cambridge, Ontario is an expatriate. a. True b. False 7. A diverse workforce can improve a company’s marketing plans. a. True b. False 8. Whistle blowers can be perceived as either heroes or vile wretches. a. True b. False 9. Hofstede’s research on culture showed that national culture explains more differences in work-related attitudes than in age. a. True b. False 10. Consequential theories of ethics emphasize the consequences or results of behaviour. a. True b. False

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Chap 0_ORGB3 11. Globalization implies that the world is free from national boundaries and that it is really a borderless world. a. True b. False 12. A cultural orientation where people belong to a loose social framework and their primary concern is for themselves and their families is based on power distance. a. True b. False 13. A collectivistic culture displays an orientation in which relationships and group decision making are valued. a. True b. False 14. Distributive justice is the fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated in an organization. a. True b. False 15. North Americans are more suspicious of labour-saving robots than are the Japanese because employers often use them to cut jobs. a. True b. False 16. Gender harassment involves implicit or explicit demands for sexual favours. a. True b. False 17. Working from home is called working from a satellite office. a. True b. False 18. Employees are more likely to support technology changes that increase the skill requirements of their job. a. True b. False 19. A transnational business firm operates only in the European Union. a. True b. False 20. While women’s participation in the workforce is increasing, their share of the rewards of participation is not increasing commensurately. a. True b. False

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Chap 0_ORGB3 Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 21. According to Hofstede, who most likely exhibits low power distance, short-term orientation, and individualism? a. South American employees b. Japanese employers c. North American managers d. managers in the European Union 22. What theory suggests that right and wrong are determined by the consequence of the action and we should maximize the most good for the greatest number of people? a. utilitarianism b. cultural relativism c. rule-based ethics d. universal moralism 23. Why do managers believe that dealing with diversity is important? a. to manage and motivate diverse work groups b. an increase in foreign-born employees across Canada c. changing demographics d. multiple cultural differences 24. What is the key finding of Hofstede’s research? a. Age explains the majority of differences in generational attitudes. b. Gender explains the majority of differences in work-related attitudes between countries. c. National culture explains the majority of differences in work-related attitudes between countries. d. The selected profession explains the majority of differences in work-related attitudes between countries. 25. Sahil informed the board of directors that the company was falsifying financial reports What has occurred? a. Sahil believes that there is a lack of procedural justice. b. Sahil believes the accounting department is acting ethically. c. Sahil is concerned about his corporate and social responsibility. d. Sahil has engaged in whistle-blowing. 26. Your goal as manager is to increase employees’ sensitivity to cultural differences among people within your organization. Which of the following would help you achieve your goal? a. requiring a time orientation with high uncertainty avoidance b. encouraging employees to work as individuals c. forming teams based on cultural similarities d. cross-cultural task forces or teams 27. Which of the following best describes a transnational organization? a. the global and national interests are linked in an overriding perspective b. a prevalent ethnic viewpoint begins to be held strongly in the consciousness of managers c. the organization’s nationality is held strongly in the consciousness of managers even though the organization competes on a global scale d. the global viewpoint supersedes national issues

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Chap 0_ORGB3 28. A computer system is used in decision making to ensure compliance with accessibility standards. What type of system is being used? a. expert system b. MIS system c. CAD system d. technology system 29. Zack believes in promoting the best individuals, and gives monthly awards to those employees who have achieved the most for the company. What is Zack promoting? a. high uncertainty avoidance b. consensus decision making c. individualism d. low risk taking 30. Tina always uses her boss’s title when introducing him, and behaves in a formal manner. What does she exhibit? a. gender diversity b. collectivism c. power distance d. socialism 31. Which of the following is considered a risk in the globalization of business? a. diversity must be a key strategy b. families will not be left intact c. values will begin to erode d. prejudices may prevent managers and employees from having cooperative interactions 32. A manufacturer of products for outdoor enthusiasts offers flextime and the opportunity to take up to four months in unpaid leaves of absence. What generation would find this type of organization most appealing? a. millennials b. baby busters c. baby boomers d. baby boomlets 33. What would be the most effective way to launch a KFC franchise in China? a. develop an alliance with another Asian KFC franchise, such as in Japan or Taiwan, and share the risk in China b. develop a consortium of Western and Asian entrepreneurs to begin the KFC franchise in China c. develop a joint venture with government bodies in China d. develop a relationship with a broker in Singapore to identify sources for Asian venture capital 34. Kaitlyn wonders if she would make the same decision as her employee if she had been in the same situation. Which theory is this an example of? a. cultural based b. motive based c. consequence based d. rule based 35. Which circumstance best describes the act of negotiating with a Mexican organization? a. Women on your negotiation team must wear long pants. b. You must make an appointment before the meeting. c. Business cards should be exchanged at the onset of the meeting. d. Members of the Mexican organization will favour saying “maybe” when meaning “no”.

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Chap 0_ORGB3 36. What is a common outcome when younger workers and older workers complete projects together? a. a reduction in the younger workers’ negative beliefs about older workers b. an increase in the younger workers’ resentment towards older workers c. younger workers need greater motivation d. an increase in conflict 37. What generation of workers strives for moral rights and takes a more activist position on employee rights? a. baby boomers b. silent generation c. generation X d. generation Y 38. Why is there a job shortage among middle-aged workers? a. increased workforce b. decreased workforce c. organizations are growing globally d. companies are getting flatter organizations 39. Which theory do organizations most commonly subscribe to? a. consequential ethics b. cultural relativism c. rule-based ethics d. universal moralism 40. Which of the following includes honesty, loyalty, sincerity, courage, reliability, trustworthiness, benevolence, sensitivity, and cooperativeness? a. virtues b. humanity c. ethics d. values 41. What type of sexual harassment involves implicit or explicit demands for sexual favours by threatening negative job-related consequences or promising job-related rewards? a. biased sexual force b. sexual coercion c. gender harassment d. sexual exploitation 42. According to the textbook’s Business Guide to Cultural Differences, which characteristic is similar for Japan and Mexico? a. appointments b. dress c. gifts d. negotiations 43. What part of an organization is most significantly affected by the globalization of business? a. human resource management b. marketing c. management information systems d. operations 44. What is an expatriate manager? a. one who has left a transnational organization to work for a competitor b. one who works in a foreign-owned company within his or her own country c. one who has given his or her allegiance to a transnational organization over a more national/domestic perspective d. one who works in a country other than his or her home country Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 0_ORGB3 45. Zainab is impatient, wants short-term gratification, and puts family before work. What generation of workers does she most likely represent? a. silent generation b. baby busters c. baby boomers d. millennials 46. Women occupy less than 10 percent of executive-level jobs in Canada. What is the term for this phenomenon? a. work obstacles b. glass ceiling c. glass cliff d. boardroom exclusion 47. According to Hofstede’s cross-cultural research, what quality is most valued by Japanese managers? a. individualism b. a short time perspective c. group loyalty and unity d. high risk taking 48. According to the textbook’s Business Guide to Cultural Differences, in which culture is a small gift generally appreciated as a gesture of goodwill? a. Mexico b. Canada c. Saudi Arabia d. Japan 49. Where is sexual harassment in the workplace more likely to occur? a. where there is minimal publicity b. in a company where there are an equal number of males and females c. in a male-dominated environment d. Where the company has an ability to settle complaints with minimal disruption 50. What is necessary in order to manage diversity? a. complying with the Canadian Employment Equity Act b. assimilating women and minorities into a dominant male culture c. examining hidden assumptions held by employees d. being a good corporate citizen 51. What concept suggests that work occurs where people are? a. the digital age b. the wireless office c. the real-time office d. the virtual office 52. A male employee is issued a written reprimand when returning late from lunch. A female employee in the same department returns late and is not disciplined. What is this issue a question of? a. uniform standards b. sexual harassment c. distributive justice d. procedural justice 53. What term describes individuals born between 1965 and 1976? a. baby boomers b. Generation Y c. swing generation d. Generation X

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Chap 0_ORGB3 54. A CEO takes a reduction in salary and bonus as the company struggles with downsizing, layoffs, and staying profitable. What type of justice does this portray? a. compensative b. distributive c. procedural d. ethical 55. Spiro’s new job has flexibility, in that he can work from home, which allows him to save commuting time a few days each week, and allows him to get his kids to school these mornings. What is Spiro engaging in? a. e-mailing b. using an intranet c. using the Internet d. telecommuting 56. What is the purpose of McJOBS? a. to increase the number of workers in Canadian organizations b. to recruit, train, and retain individuals with disabilities at McDonalds c. to recruit, train, and retain all individuals who work at McDonalds d. to recruit the best and brightest for positions at McDonalds 57. Cultures that value leisure time, freedom and personal control exhibit which of Hofstede’s values? a. power distance b. short-term orientation c. indulgence d. uncertainty avoidance 58. What is essential according to Japanese business culture? a. punctuality b. directness c. shaking hands d. making an appointment 59. What is a benefit of workplace diversity? a. critical thinking increases as employees must take more time to try to understand what the others are saying b. the time increases for making decisions due to cultural variations c. the best people can be hired for the organization d. diversity can lead to reduced communication 60. How are social responsibility and code of ethics similar to each other? a. Both involve an individual who believes there has been a moral wrong. b. Both believe there is an ethical imperative. c. Both subscribe to the character theory of ethics. d. Both require either the individual or the organization to behave ethically. 61. Larger office facilities are sometimes broken into a network of smaller workplaces that are located close to employees’ homes. What is the term for this type of work arrangement? a. reservations b. cellular offices c. hoteling d. satellite offices 62. What was the original term used to describe transnational organizations? a. transglobal b. international c. multinational d. globalized Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 0_ORGB3 63. What is the major difference between prejudice and discrimination? a. Discrimination has more of an impact on productivity than prejudice. b. Prejudice refers to an attitude and discrimination refers to behaviour. c. Prejudice has more of an impact on productivity than discrimination. d. Prejudice refers to behaviour and discrimination refers to an attitude. 64. Xuang Lee uses personal connections to help his son obtain a job. What practice is he engaging in? a. favouritism b. NAFTA c. perestroika d. guanxi 65. You are the manager of a department with a diverse work group, where white males comprise the largest subgroup. Many of the white males resent having to work alongside female and minority employees who have less seniority and work experience but are paid the same. Several conflicts between the white males and other employees have disrupted the workplace. What approach would be most appropriate and effective in dealing with this situation? a. indicate that inappropriate behaviour is not tolerated, and encourage open and frank discussions in a series of meetings b. fire the white male perpetrators c. extend preferential treatment to female and minority employees d. urge female and minority employees to take legal action against those who have caused problems 66. What has been the result of the ever-increasing use of the Internet and electronic innovation in the workplace? a. a greater level of respect for the employee b. surveillance of employees is more widespread c. limitation of economic growth in North America d. the ability to appropriate value 67. Which statement best summarizes age diversity in Canada? a. Middle-aged adults are increasing in number while seniors are decreasing. b. Seniors are increasing in number while children and youth are decreasing. c. Youth are increasing in number. d. Children and youth are increasing in number while seniors are decreasing. 68. When Dieter travels from his home in Europe to visit his daughter in Canada, he does not recognize the symbols on the road signs. What is Dieter experiencing? a. language differences b. microcultural differences c. language interpretation d. educational differences 69. Which of the following countries is associated with lower labour costs for organizations? a. Canada b. United States c. Mexico d. Italy

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Chap 0_ORGB3 70. There have been significant demographic changes in the Canadian workplace. What has this resulted in? a. increasing diversity b. decreasing diversity c. increased legislation d. the opportunity for use of lower-cost labour in other countries 71. Sharon modified the technology to adapt it to her team’s needs. What has Sharon done? a. invented the technology b. collaborated with her team c. innovated the technology d. reinvented the technology Match the following: a. An organizational informant or someone who reports corporate wrongdoing b. Fairness of the process and/or criteria used to allocate outcomes c. A credo or recorded set of accepted and ethical behaviour d. A public statement in which one agrees to follow a set of ethical standards 72. Code of Ethics 73. Procedural Justice 74. Whistle-blower 75. Professional Oath Match the following: a. Rules, procedures, tools, and equipment used to transform inputs to organizational outputs b. Working from home c. Informing the authorities of wrongdoings within their company d. Electro-mechanical devices designed and operated to perform manufacturing tasks e. Representation of human knowledge as a computer program f. Creative application of new technology 76. Expert System 77. Technology 78. Reinvention 79. Telecommuting 80. Robots 81. Whistle-blowing

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Chap 0_ORGB3 Match the following: a. McJOBS b. Individual attitudes present in the workforce c. Individual differences present in the workforce d. Individuals born between 1946 and 1964 e. An artificial barrier that prevents women from advancing above a certain organizational level f. Individuals born between 1965 and 1976 82. Diversity 83. Glass Ceiling 84. Prejudice 85. Ability Diversity 86. Baby Busters 87. Baby Boomers Match the following: a. Match the following: b. An ethical perspective that focuses on results of behaviour c. The collective ethical conduct of an organization d. Fairness of outcomes received by organizational members e. Suggests that right and wrong is determined by the consequences of the action 88. Utilitarianism 89. Distributive Justice 90. Social Responsibility 91. Consequential Theory Match the following: a. A cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks b. The concept of borderless marketplace c. The locus and distribution of power within the organization d. A business firm that operates in numerous countries and employs a multicultural workforce e. A Canadian business official who works for a Canadian subsidiary in Spain 92. Collectivism 93. Power Distance 94. Globalization 95. Expatriate Manager 96. Transnational

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Chap 0_ORGB3 97. What technological changes have been taking place in virtually all work environments and what impact will they have on workers?

98. Describe North American business culture using Hofstede’s dimensions of cultural differences.

99. Are legal requirements and ethical standards synonymous?

100. What are some of the significant workforce composition changes that have been taking place since World War II? (Mention three.)

101. Imagine that you are working for an organization that produces a highly controlled and experimental drug that is targeted for the treatment of a rare virus. Unfortunately, someone close to you has contracted the disease, and it appears that the only hope this person has is to obtain the experimental drug. At this time, however, there is absolutely no way you could obtain the drug under legal means. Using each of the three classifications of ethical theories (consequential, rule-based, and cultural), briefly describe what you would do.

102. Briefly discuss the issues an organization would want to consider or understand if it were interested in a business venture within China.

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Chap 0_ORGB3 Answer Key 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. False 13. True 14. False 15. True 16. False 17. False 18. True 19. False 20. True 21. c 22. a 23. a 24. c 25. d 26. d

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Chap 0_ORGB3 27. d 28. a 29. c 30. c 31. d 32. b 33. c 34. d 35. d 36. a 37. a 38. d 39. a 40. a 41. b 42. b 43. a 44. d 45. b 46. b 47. c 48. a 49. c 50. c 51. d 52. c 53. d 54. b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 0_ORGB3 55. d 56. b 57. c 58. a 59. c 60. d 61. d 62. c 63. b 64. d 65. a 66. b 67. b 68. b 69. c 70. a 71. d 72. c 73. b 74. a 75. d 76. a 77. a 78. a 79. a 80. a 81. a 82. c Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 0_ORGB3 83. e 84. b 85. a 86. f 87. d 88. e 89. d 90. c 91. b 92. a 93. c 94. b 95. e 96. d 97. The major changes include telecommuting, use of expert systems, robotics, use of the Internet, digital telecommunications, desktop computing capability (measured in terabytes), networking, improvements in traditional materials which will mean declines in jobs that produce raw materials, advances in biotechnology (i.e., ability to manipulate life forms at the cellular and subcellular levels), and superconductivity. Implications for managers and employees include the use of computers for monitoring employees (double-edged sword), emphasis on managers’ technical skills as well as human and conceptual skills, use of participative management styles, open communication, and the need to help workers manage the stress of their work. Workers must constantly learn and adapt to changing technology so that organizations can remain competitive. Managers must grapple with the challenge of helping workers adapt and make effective use of new technologies. 98. The business and economic culture emphasizes individualism, low to moderate power distance, low to moderate uncertainty avoidance (or moderate risk taking), masculinity, and short-term time orientation. 99. They are close but not the same. Staying just within the law could also border on being unethical. In other words, a person could be found to have met legal technical requirements but his or her _ehavior might be considered unacceptable from an ethical viewpoint.

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Chap 0_ORGB3 100. ∙ More women in the workforce—up to 61.5 percent in 2017. ∙ Increase in Aboriginal population. ∙ The number of female political leaders has grown dramatically worldwide in recent decades. In the 1970s there were only five such leaders. In the 1990s, 21 female leaders came into power, and women around the world are leading major global companies. ∙ Proportion of seniors within the population has been steadily growing since 1960. Seniors are expected to comprise around 25 percent of the population by 2036. ∙ Increase in foreign-born population. ∙ More individuals with disabilities in the workforce. M

101. Consequential: Under this perspective you could argue that the greatest good will be served (saving your friend), and you may rationalize stealing the drug to save the life. Here, good consequences do not always follow from right actions. Rule-based theory: Under this perspective the character of the act would not allow you to steal the drug. The character of the act, not the effect, is the driving force. Under Kant’s categorical imperative it simply is wrong to steal, a necessary universal standard. The self-interest of human beings is God’s providence, or there are rule-based guides to moral behaviour. Cultural relativism: Here, you would do what is right given the context. If a more consequential base were the norm, then you would likely take the drug. 102. Chinese managers’ business practices have been shaped by the Communist party, socialism, feudalistic values, and guanxi (the practice of building networks for social exchange). In China, the family is regarded as being responsible for a worker’s productivity, and in turn the company is responsible for the worker’s family. Chinese managers have very little experience with rewards and punishments, and are reluctant to use them in the workplace. Americans would need to build their own networks, understand the Chinese chain of command, and negotiate slow, general agreements in order to interact effectively.

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Chap 03_ORGB3 Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to make attributions to external causes when focusing on someone else’s behaviour. a. True b. False 2. An example of a first-impression error would be where speakers with higher vocal pitch are believed to be more competent than those with lower voices. a. True b. False 3. The affectivity of individuals can impact group affect either positively or negatively. a. True b. False 4. Personality is defined as a relatively stable set of characteristics that influence an individual’s behaviour. a. True b. False 5. Impression management is the process by which individuals try to control the impressions others have of them. a. True b. False 6. In self-serving bias, when we succeed we take credit for it; when we fail, we blame the situation. a. True b. False 7. High self-monitors can adjust their behaviour to fit the situation. a. True b. False 8. The tactical persona reflects the way people actually see themselves. a. True b. False 9. The way individuals interpret the events around them has a strong influence on their behaviour. a. True b. False 10. High achievers are more likely to attribute their success to others and good luck. a. True b. False

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Chap 03_ORGB3 11. Self-serving bias is also known as the Pygmalion effect. a. True b. False 12. Introverts are less likely to be depressed, and therefore are happier and more satisfied with romantic relationships. a. True b. False 13. Heredity has been found to not be a determinant of personality. a. True b. False 14. Individuals laughing off an offensive comment as a joke could be aligning actions as a form of impression management. a. True b. False 15. The most common method of assessing personality is through projective testing. a. True b. False 16. Sue is attractive so we assume that she is also successful, warm, and kind. This is the horn effect. a. True b. False 17. People with high self-esteem and internal locus of control tend to be higher performers and are more satisfied with their jobs. a. True b. False 18. Past experiences have no bearing on one’s perception of a target. a. True b. False 19. A person who dresses outlandishly is more likely to be perceived. a. True b. False 20. There are no differences in interview performance between candidates who engage in impression management techniques and those who do not. a. True b. False

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Chap 03_ORGB3 Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 21. In a conversation with a friend you attribute your performance in this class to the type of exams and their relative difficulty. What type of attribution are you making? a. ability b. external c. luck d. internal 22. A manager attributes an employee’s poor performance to a lack of effort or ability. What error is the manager probably making? a. self-serving bias b. fundamental attribution c. discounting attribution d. consistency attribution 23. In which organizational situation does impression management come into play? a. a potential employee is interviewed b. a retiring employee is given an exit interview c. members of the top management team meet d. a current employee is disciplined 24. Bob believes in doing what is necessary to achieve his goals and maintains emotional distance in most situations. What personality trait is he displaying? a. Machiavellianism b. narcissism c. self-monitoring d. neuroticism 25. What does general mental ability have a strong correlation with? a. emotional stability b. extraversion c. work performance d. work commitment 26. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of sixth sense? a. sensing b. thinking c. intuition d. perceiving 27. Which of the following also means primacy effect? a. selective perception b. first-impression error c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. a stereotype 28. Tora organizes her thinking and the way in which she assembles and interprets information about her colleague Kyle. What characteristic is she demonstrating? a. situational cues b. cognitive structure c. attitude structuring d. self-concept 29. What is a difference between internal and external locus of control a. internal is self and external is situation or others b. internal is situation and external is self action c. internal is beliefs and external is control d. internal is self and external is overall view Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 03_ORGB3 30. Which of the following types would you consider an employee to be if he pays attention to information gathering? a. intuition b. sensing c. judging d. perceiving 31. What do attribution biases imply about managers? a. Managers must be very wary of the cognitive process in decision-making. b. Managers must always be correct in their perceptions. c. Managers must take into account the fundamental tendency for people to make external attributions for their behaviour. d. Managers must know as much as possible about individual differences and determine the cause of behaviour and perceived source of responsibility. 32. What is the term for the relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual’s behaviour? a. integrative approach b. perceptual process c. personality d. predispositions 33. What are self-disclosure, ingratiation, aligning actions, and altercasting methods of? a. impression management b. self-disclosure c. perception management d. attribution theory 34. What is one of the most important determinants of high self-efficacy? a. an internal locus of control b. previous success c. the tendency to be a low self-monitor d. high self-esteem 35. Dorian is having trouble with her team. Her boss suggests using MBTI. Why would her boss suggest this? a. to understand individual differences b. to identify what motivates employees c. to understand why people do what they do d. to identify how to motivate employees 36. What approach for understanding individual differences in a scientific and consistent way explains that behaviour is a function of the person and the environment? a. abnormal psychology b. interactional psychology c. study of individual differences d. learning styles and abilities 37. Which three traits make up the dark triad? a. narcissism, psychopathy, self-monitoring b. psychopathy, core self-evaluation, Machiavellianism c. Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism d. Machiavellianism, neuroticism, selflessness 38. What includes both social context and discounting principle as characteristics? a. perceiver b. interaction c. target d. situation

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