Focused Review Guide for Exam 2
Things to Focus on from Module 3- Elimination: Terms to Know:
Acute Renal Failure: Sudden loss of kidney function caused by failure of renal circulation
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or damage to the tubules or glomeruli. Usually reversible with spontaneous recovery in days to weeks Ischemia is primary cause, produces irreversible damage to tubules
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Anuria Absence of urine, associated with kidney failure or congested heart failure This term is used when urine output is less than 100ml in 24 hours
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Dysuria Painful urination Happens in lower UTI, intestinal cystitis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis
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End-stage Renal Disease Chronic renal failure, DM and HTN are the 2 most common causes of CRF in U.S Progressive/ irreversible decline in renal function to ESRD requiring renal replacement therapy like hemodialysis or transplant
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Enuresis Bed wetting, unintentional passage of the urine Nursing intervention: bladder training, toilet schedule, Kegel exercises, monitor I&O
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Frequency Rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time
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Hematuria Blood in the urine
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Nephrotoxic Damaging or destructive to the kidneys
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Nocturia urination at night, after waking from sleep
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Nocturnal Enuresis Involuntary urination that happens when sleeping
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Micturition Voiding of urine
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Pessary A therapeutic pessary is a medical device similar to the outer ring of a diaphragm. Therapeutic pessaries are used to support the uterus, vagina, bladder, or rectum. Pessaries are a treatment option for pelvic organ prolapse. A pessary is most commonly used to treat prolapse of the uterus.
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Polyuria Production of abnormally large volume of dilute urine
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Proteinuria Protein in the urine It is a symptom of nephrotic syndrome and glomerulonephritis Pyuria PIE=PUS
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Presence of pus in the urine discharge in urine- how to document puss in urine, purgulent in urine
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Urgency Immediate strong desire to urinate Involuntary loss of urine
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Oliguria Abnormal small amount of urine Less than 500ml in 24 hour
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Nephropathy Kidney damage or disease
How does the developmental stage impact bowel and bladder elimination in infancy, children, adults, elderly, and pregnant women?
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Infants – Meconium green/black tarry, sticky, and odorless (the only time tarry stools are normal)
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Children – can control around ages 2-3
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Adults – bowel pattern remains about the same from childhood to adults
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As people age – loss of peristalsis, intestinal smooth muscle tone, perineal muscle tone and sphincter control make control of bowels more difficult