CHAPTER 1 TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) The ability to use qualitative reasoning with quantitative tools allows management to make decisions to improve business performance. ⊚ true ⊚ false
2) The use of historical information to predict what could happen in the future describes prescriptive analytics. ⊚ true ⊚ false
3) Data are the compilation of facts, figures, or other contents, both numerical and nonnumerical. ⊚ true ⊚ false
4) Generally speaking, it is not feasible to obtain complete population data due to expense and near impossibility to examine every member of the population. ⊚ true ⊚ false
5) Collecting height data annually on the sample set of participants is an example of time series data. ⊚ true ⊚ false
6)
Structured and unstructured data are only machine generated. ⊚ true ⊚ false
7)
Numerical variables are either discrete or continuous.
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⊚ ⊚
true false
8) When each piece of data in a file is separated by a comma, it is called delimiter and the file is called a comma-spliced file. ⊚ true ⊚ false
9)
When coding in HTML, <table> is a tag used to provide structure for textual data. ⊚ true ⊚ false
10) In XML, tags are not case-sensitive and are interchangeable. For example, <City>and <city>represent the same pieces of information. ⊚ true ⊚ false
11) Sally created a table that summarizes the dollar amount of last year’s sales for each store. This is an example of descriptive analytics. ⊚ true ⊚ false
12) data.
Social media data, such as Twitter, Facebook, and TicTok are examples of structured ⊚ ⊚
13)
true false
The characteristics marital status and income are examples of observations. ⊚ true ⊚ false
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MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 14) Which of the following broad categories is not a type of analytic technique? A) manipulative analytics B) descriptive analytics C) predictive analytics D) prescriptive analytics
15) The people of Appleton, WI represent the __________blank, whereas we analyze the education level of a subset or __________blank to make inferences about the population. A) information; cross-section B) population; information C) items; sample D) population; sample
16) A massive volume of both structured and unstructured data that is extremely difficult to manage, process, and analyze is known by which catch phrase? A) wrangling B) big data C) data mining D) general data
17) The 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup contained 52 matches in total with 24 teams competing. The use of __________blank data will display team standings during and at the end of the tournament. A) split-section B) organized C) cross-sectional D) numerical
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18) According to a report in US Today, 26% of young people between the ages of 19–28 have at least two tattoos. What does the 26% represent? A) categorical data B) random data C) population D) sample set
19) According to a report in US Today, 38% of young people between the ages of 18–29 have at least one tattoo. What does the 38% represent? A) categorical data B) random data C) population D) sample set
20) According to a report in US Today, 38% of young people between the ages of 19–31 have at least one tattoo. What do the overall observations in the study represent? A) categorical data B) random data C) population D) sample set
21) According to a report in US Today, 38% of young people between the ages of 18–29 have at least one tattoo. What do the overall observations in the study represent? A) categorical data B) random data C) population D) sample set
22) Mary asks her friends on Facebook for recommendations for the best restaurants in Chicago. The results are then placed in a table for review. What does the data represent? Version 1
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A) time-series data B) cross-sectional data C) numerical data D) quantitative data
23)
In big data, the most important aspect of any analytic initiative is __________blank. A) volume B) veracity C) values D) variety
24)
What term refers to the credibility and quality of data? A) volume B) veracity C) values D) variety
25) When compiling data, it is important to know data comes in all types, forms, and granularity. This is known as A) volume. B) veracity. C) values. D) variety.
26) A New York Times article notes that there are an increasing number of people calling for tech companies to ease their grip on the personal data of consumers. The concern is that a handful of companies holds most of the data. The immense amount of data is also called
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A) volume. B) veracity. C) values. D) variety.
27)
Unstructured data is best defined as A) not conforming to a predefined, row-column format. B) not conforming to a way to analyze data. C) conforming to a predefined, row-column format. D) conforming to a managing velocity.
28) Tobias Smith is working with his company’s data to examine inventory information. His intent is to use the variables to express ratios on inventory turnover. Based on this description, what is the strongest level of measurement being used? A) continuous variable B) interval scale C) categorical D) ratio scale
29)
The time in minutes to travel from city A to city B is what type of variable? A) distraction B) discrete numerical C) categorical D) continuous numerical
30)
The time in hours spent sleeping per day is what kind of variable?
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A) distraction B) discrete numerical C) categorical D) continuous numerical
31) Molly Nelson has been collecting temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit, daily over the past five spring seasons, to determine the optimal point to plant her heirloom tomatoes. Because the difference between each degree is the same, irrelevant of the temperature, this is what type of measurement scale? A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval
32) Cassidy is researching the impacts of eating breakfast on college students who have classes prior to 9 am. To do this, she issued a Likert scale questionnaire to the students, with a scale of 1 through 10 to answer a series of 20 questions. What is the type of measurement scale? A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval
33) A large retailer is asking each customer at checkout for their zip code. If the zip code is the only recorded variable, what would the summarized results field headers be in tabular format? A) zip code B) customer number, zip code, count C) zip code, count D) count
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34) A large retailer is asking each customer at checkout for their zip code. If the zip code is the only recorded variable, what is the type of measurement scale? A) ratio B) nominal C) ordinal D) interval
35)
Which one is a drawback of interval-scaled data? A) The zero point is arbitrarily chosen. B) The degree of measurement is not a whole number. C) The scale is categorized and qualitative. D) The scale in nominal and zero point is meaningful.
36)
Of the following numerical variables, which is continuous? A) number of newborn babies B) number of goals scored C) cars sold by a car dealer D) height
37)
Of the following numerical variables, which is continuous? A) number of goals scored B) number of stocks C) number of children D) weight
38)
Which one of the following variables is numerical?
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A) city B) height C) hair color D) religion
39)
Which one of the following variables is numerical? A) city B) population C) state D) color
40) An instructor hands out course evaluations where students have a rank of 0 to 5. What is the best way for the data to be measured? A) filtered B) ordinal C) nominal D) numerical
41) During the winter, the ice festival committee measures the depth of the ice during the month of February. What is the type of measurement scale? A) ratio B) interval C) nominal D) numerical
42) At the local animal shelter, each animal is marked if they are a boy or a girl. What is this type of measurement scale?
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A) filtered B) ordinal C) nominal D) numerical
43)
The following table is an example of what type of format? Inv_Nbr 12232 13425 19932
Inv_Name Filter, Air Gasket Battery
Inv_Cost $9.65 $4.32 $32.00
A) hypertext B) extensible C) delimited D) fixed-width
44) What is the following file format called? Inv_Nbr, Inv_Name, Inv_Cost 876521,battery,45.00 A) delimited format B) extensible markup C) fixed-width format D) hypertext format
45) What type of markup language is this? <Data> <Inventory> Inv_Nbr>102304</Inv_Nbr> Inv_Name>Filter</Inv_Name> </Inventory> </Data>
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A) HTML B) XML C) DFF D) JSON
46) The following is an example of which markup language? { “Inventory”: [ { “Inv_nbr”: “0199284”, “Inv_Name”: “Filter” } ] } A) HTML B) XML C) DFF D) JSON
47) The following is an example of which markup language? <table> <tr> <th> Inventory_Nbr </th> <th> Inventory Description </th> </tr> </table> A) HTML B) XML C) DFF D) JSON
48)
Which is not a viable markup language?
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A) HTML B) XML C) DFF D) JSON
49)
Which of the following is not related to data privacy? A) Data collection B) Data ethics C) Data usage D) Data transmission
50) __________blank is a set of data that are organized and processed in a meaningful and purposeful way. A) Data B) Knowledge C) Statistics D) Information
51)
Which of the following is an example of a fixed-width format?
A) Cust_Nbr 1232 1325 1972
Cust_Name Mike Barnes Lakshmi Singh Seo-Jun Hak
Cust_Bal $1,059.65 $2,914.32 $932.00
B)Cust_Nbr,Cust_Name,Cust_Bal 1232,Mike Barnes,$1,059.65 1325,Lakshmi Singh,$2914.32 1972,Seo-Jun Hak,$932.00
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C)<table> <tr> <th> Cust_Nbr </th> <th> Cust_Name</th> <th> Cust_Bal</th> </tr> </table> D){ “Customer”: [ { “Cust_nbr”: “1325”, “Cust_Name”: “Lakshmi Singh” } ] } 52)
Which of the following is an example of a JSON markup language?
A) Cust_Nbr 1232 1325 1972
Cust_Name Mike Barnes Lakshmi Singh Seo-Jun Hak
Cust_Bal $1,059.65 $2,914.32 $932.00
B)Cust_Nbr,Cust_Name,Cust_Bal 1232,Mike Barnes,$1,059.65 1325,Lakshmi Singh,$2914.32 1972,Seo-Jun Hak,$932.00 C)<table> <tr> <th> Cust_Nbr </th> <th> Cust_Name</th> <th> Cust_Bal</th> </tr> </table>
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D){ “Customer”: [ { “Cust_Nbr”: “1325”, “Cust_Name”: “Lakshmi Singh”, “Cust_Bal”: “$2,914.32” } ] }
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Answer Key Test name: Chap 01_2e_Jaggia 1) TRUE Business analytics allows for the combination of qualitative reasoning with quantitative tools to identify key business problems and translate them into improved business processes. 2) FALSE What could happen in the future describes predictive analytics, whereas “what should we do” describes prescriptive analytics. 3) TRUE The term data is defined as a compilation of facts, figures, or other contents, both numerical and non-numerical. 4) TRUE Obtaining population data is expensive and it is generally impossible to examine every member of the population. 5) TRUE Time series data are collected over several time periods on a certain group of people. 6) FALSE Structured and unstructured data can be both human-generated and machine-generated. 7) TRUE Numerical variables assume meaningful numerical values and can be categorized as either discrete or continuous, whereas categorical variables assume names or labels. 8) FALSE The file is called a comma-separated value (CSV) file or commadelimited file. Version 1
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9) TRUE Tags are an effective and efficient way of providing structure to code identifying the beginning and completion of items such as tables and paragraphs. 10) FALSE XML is case-sensitive and would view a deviation as two separate data points. 11) TRUE Descriptive analytics refers to gathering, organizing, tabulating, and visualizing data that summarizes “what has happened?” This includes summarizing financial statistics such as the total amount of last year’s sales at each store. 12) FALSE Structured data have a pre-defined, row-column format. Social media data, while it has some defined structure, does not have the pre-defined, row-column format and therefore are considered examples of unstructured data. 13) FALSE The characteristics marital status and income are examples of variables because a person’s marital status and income vary from person to person. Observations (records) are data we collect about variables. 14) A Descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive are the three broad categories of analytic technique. 15) D -Population is the observation or interest group and the sample is what we use to make inferences about the population. 16) B Big data is a catch phrase used for both data types that are difficult to manage, process, and analyze. Version 1
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17) C Cross-sectional data is the best at displaying team standings containing many subjects at the same point in time. 18) D 26% represents the sample set, whereas the total of 19–28 year-olds represents the population. 19) D 38% represents the sample set, whereas the total of 18–29 year-olds represents the population. 20) C 38% represents the sample set, whereas the total of 19–31 year-olds represents the overall observations for the study known as the population. 21) C 38% represents the sample set, whereas the total of 18–29 year-olds represents the overall observations for the study known as the population. 22) B Cross-sectional represents the data collected by recording the characteristics, in this case restaurants, in a city location. 23) C Values derived from big data are the most important aspects of any analytic initiative. 24) B Veracity is the credibility and quality of data. 25) D Variety is knowing the data comes in various formats, types, and forms. 26) A Volume reflects the immense amount of data from a single (or multiple) source(s). Version 1
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27) A Unstructured does not conform to a predefined, row-column format. 28) D The ratio scale is the strongest level of measurement used to determine ratios in a live changing company environment. 29) D There are only 2 types of numerical variables, discrete or continuous. Continuous numerical represents the uncountable variables between intervals, and is the best case for this example. 30) D There are only 2 types of numerical variables, discrete or continuous. Continuous numerical represents the uncountable variables between intervals, and is the best case for this example. 31) D When the increments are of the same spacing and have no true zero point, then it is an interval measure. 32) C Ordinal scales are the ranked order of the answers on the scale, thus a Likert scale is a form of ordinal measurement. 33) C You would have the zip code variable and a count to capture the number of records in each zip code. 34) B You are grouping the zip code data and counting, thus, this is nominal in measurement. Zip codes are values that differ by name or label and allow us to categorize or group the data. 35) A The interval-scaled data drawback is that the zero point is arbitrarily chosen and does not reflect a complete absence of what is being measured. Version 1
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36) D Continuous variables are characterized by uncountable values within an interval. Thus, height offers the possibility of half and partial numbers between whole numbers. 37) D Continuous variables are characterized by uncountable values within an interval. Thus, weight offers the possibility of half and partial numbers between whole numbers. 38) B Numerical variables are numbers. The other variable options are all categorical in nature. 39) B Numerical variables are numbers. The other variable options are all categorical in nature. 40) B Ordinal scales allow for a stronger type of measurement where items can be both categorized and ranked. 41) A Ratio scales are a way to categorize and rank data and find meaningful differences in observations. However, ratio scales have a true zero point, whereas zero in interval scales is arbitrarily chosen. For example, an ice depth of zero feet or zero inches implies the absence of ice. 42) C Nominal scales are a way to sort or group categories. 43) D All columns are aligned and have fixed widths: 5, 10, 5. 44) A Delimited format, also called comma-delimited file format, is where data is partitioned by commas. 45) B Version 1
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The format of XML is that each line in the file contains a pair of userdefined markup tags of the file, in this case Inventory. 46) D JavaScript Notation (JSON) format contains a clear path of identifying attributes in the file, is faster to code, supports a wide range of data types, and is common for open source programming. 47) A HTML can be quickly distinguished by the tags used in the code, which conform to standards created by organizations such as World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). 48) C DFF or Data File Format is a format, not a markup language. 49) B Data privacy also referred to as information privacy, is a branch of data security related to the proper collection, usage, and transmission of data. Data ethics is a branch of ethics that studies and evaluates moral problems related to data such as whether data are being used to do the right thing for people and society. 50) D Information is a set of data that are organized and processed in a meaningful and purposeful way, whereas data are compilations of facts and figures; and knowledge is a combination of data, information, experience, and intuition. 51) A Data files in fixed-width format (or fixed-length format) have columns that start and end at the same place in every row. 52) D JSON is a markup language that is commonly used due to its less wordy and smaller file size and supports a wide range of data types.
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CHAPTER 2 TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) The process of retrieving, cleaning, integrating, transforming, and enriching data to support analysis is called data wrangling. ⊚ true ⊚ false
2)
A foreign key (FK) is the only unique identifier in a table structure. ⊚ true ⊚ false
3) In R, the following represents how to receive results from column 3, row 2 > myData[3,2]. ⊚ true ⊚ false
4)
In R, to sort data in descending order, we use a negative parameter in the order function. ⊚ true ⊚ false
5) Simple mean imputation is the best route for replacing large quantities of missing variables within a data set without distorting the relationship among variables. ⊚ true ⊚ false
6)
To view only a portion of the data that is of interest, subsetting is used. ⊚ true ⊚ false
7)
Converting data from one structure to another is called data transformation. ⊚ true ⊚ false
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8)
Subsetting is a technique used to convert numerical values into categorical variables. ⊚ true ⊚ false
9)
A dummy variable takes on a value of 1 or 0 to describe two categories of a variable. ⊚ true ⊚ false
10) Megan took a phone survey where each question posed had an answer range of unsatisfied to completely satisfied describing her purchase experience. Because the categories are in equal increments, the category can be recoded into a number transforming the category into what is called a category score. ⊚ true ⊚ false
11)
The strategy of removing observations with missing data is called omission. ⊚ true ⊚ false
12) Changing an individual’s date of birth to age, combining height and weight to create body mass index, calculating percentages, or converting values to natural logarithms are examples of transforming categorical data. ⊚ true ⊚ false
MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 13) Which of the following is NOT a process of the data management system?
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A) Ingrid B) Mark C) Mary D) Uday
24) A department chair at Sassafrass University has four remaining classes to staff (intro accounting, advanced accounting, finance, and data analytics) and three instructors available to teach those classes. The department chair would like to assign each of the three classes to an instructor with an overall goal of maximizing overall instructor ratings. The accompanying table shows the instructors’ average course ratings for each course. Define the objective function assuming that each instructor is only available to teach one class. Using Solver, what will be the total and average evaluation scores? Instructors Ingrid Mark Mary Uday
Intro Accounting 4.65 4.05 3.89 4.62
Advanced Accounting 4.05 3.91 4.24 4.77
Finance 4.65 4.67 4.73 4.50
Data Analytics 4.63 4.85 4.06 4.25
A) 16.66; 4.17 B) 17.33; 4.33 C) 18.25; 4.64 D) 19; 4.75
25) The owners of CaroKat Café need to create a new schedule for its staff. The café is open from 6 am to 10 pm seven days a week. All of the café’s employees are full time and work a schedule of five 8-hour days followed by two days off. Recently the owners have been busier on Fridays and Saturdays due to music acts. Caro and Kat like that all of their employees work full time, what is the objective function? Days Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
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Workers Needed 6 6 5 8 10
8
Saturday Sunday
10 5
A) Maximize: Total number of employees B) Maximize: Total number of employees C) Minimize: Total number of employees D) Minimize: Total number of employees
26) The owners of CaroKat Café need to create a new schedule for its staff. The café is open from 6 am to 10 pm seven days a week. All of the café’s employees are full time and work a schedule of five 8-hour days followed by two days off. Recently the owners have been busier on Fridays and Saturdays due to music acts. Caro and Kat like that all of their employees work full time, what is the constraint for Wednesday if Monday = x1? Days Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Workers Needed 6 6 5 8 10 10 5
A) x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 ≥ 5 B) x1 + x2 + x3 + x6 + x7 ≥ 5 C) x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7 ≥ 5 D) x1 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7 ≥ 5
27) The owners of CaroKat Café need to create a new schedule for its staff. The café is open from 6 am to 10 pm seven days a week. All of the café’s employees are full time and work a schedule of five 8-hour days followed by two days off. Recently the owners have been busier on Fridays and Saturdays due to music acts. Caro and Kat like that all of their employees work full time, what is the minimum number of employees needed to be able to fully staff the café? Days Monday
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9
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
6 5 8 10 10 5
A) 8 B) 9 C) 10 D) 11
28) Martin is evaluating 4 projects for potential capital funding. However, he only has $60,000 for Year one, and $45,000 for the remaining years to invest. Unfortunately, he cannot receive any additional funds unspent from year to year. Based on the following data, what is the constraint for the Year 1 integer programming formulation? Cash Investment Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Expected Return
Project 1 50 10 10 0 350,000
Project 2 45 10 10 10 400,000
Project 3 30 10 10 0 385,000
Project 4 40 10 10 10 450,000
A) = ∑i=14 cixi B) = ∑i=1 4ai1xi ≤ 60,000 C) = ∑i=14 aixi ≤ 45,000 D) = ∑i=14 ai1xi ≤ 165,000
29) Martin is evaluating 4 projects for potential capital funding. However, he only has $90,000 for Year one, and $50,000 for the remaining years to invest. Unfortunately, he cannot receive any additional funds unspent from year to year. Based on the following data, what is the constraint for the Year 1 integer programming formulation? Cash Investment Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
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Project 1 50 10 10 0
Project 2 45 10 10 10
Project 3 30 10 10 0
Project 4 40 10 10 10
10
Expected Return
350,000
400,000
385,000
450,000
30) Martin is evaluating 4 projects for potential capital funding. However, he only has $130,000 for Year one, and $50,000 for the remaining three years to invest. Each of the four projects is projected to generate an expected return of $350,000, $400,000, $385,000, and $450,000, respectively. Based on the summary information provided, what is the Expected Return objective function? A) Expected Return = ∑i=1 4cixi B) Expected Return = 130x1 + 50x2 C) Expected Return = ∑i=x14cixi D) Expected Return = ∑i=1 ai1xi6i
31) Martin is evaluating 4 projects for potential capital funding. However, he only has $90,000 for Year one, and $50,000 for the remaining three years to invest. Each of the four projects is projected to generate an expected return of $350,000, $400,000, $385,000, and $450,000, respectively. Based on the summary information provided, what is the Expected Return objective function? 32) The following Excel Solver Results show capital projects selected for investment. When constructing the Solver parameters, the “subject to the constraints” need to be set. What two constraints are required?
A) $G$8 AND B10:E10 = binary B) B8:E8 = binary AND F2:F5 <= G2:G5 C) B10:E10 = binary AND F2:F5 => G2:G5 D) B10:E10 = binary AND F2:F5 <= G2:G5
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33) In Excel, the worksheet needs to be prepared prior to running the Solver. As such, the total (total return), cell G8, shows the total of the expected return for approved projects. What is the formula that must be set in G8 to capture the results accurately?
A) =SUM(B8:E8 * B10:E10) B) =SUMPRODUCT(B8:E8, B10:E10) C) =SUMPRODUCT(B8:E8 * B10:E10) D) =SUMPRODUCT(B8:E8, G2:G5)
34) Be it a capital project selection or a transportation, a manager’s goals are what drives the projects. In integer programming the manager’s goal translates to the __________blank function in programming. A) objective B) fractional C) matrix D) transport
35) Watkins Trucking has two warehouses that service four retail locations for Harmons Hardware. The first warehouse supplies up to 180 pallets a week and the second warehouse supplies 300 pallets a week. The orders received weekly from Harmons are 75 pallets for the 1st location and 50 pallets for locations 2, 3, & 4. Formulate the objective function for the total shipping costs. Watkins 1
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Harmons 1
Harmons 2
Harmons 3
Harmons 4
2.85
3.32
4.85
6.25
12
Watkins 2
3.10
2.90
3.48
4.90
A) <p>Minimize: Total Shipping Cost = B) <p>Minimize: Total Shipping Cost = C) <p>Maximize: Total Shipping Cost = D) <p>Maximize: Total Shipping Cost =
36)
When using R, how do you store shipping costs? Watkins 1 Watkins 2
Harmons 1
Harmons 2
2.93 3.60
3.26 3.00
A) >unit.costs <- matrix(2.93, 3.26, 3.60, 3.00) B) >unit.costs <- unit.costs(2.93, 3.26, 3.60, 3.00) C) >unit.costs <- matrix(c(2.93, 3.26, 3.60, 3.00), nrow=2, byrow=TRUE) D) >unit.costs <- unit.costs(2.93, 3.26, 3.60, 3.00), nrow=2, byrow=TRUE)
37)
When using R, how do you store shipping costs? Watkins 1 Watkins 2
Harmons 1
Harmons 2
2.85 3.10
3.32 2.90
A) >unit.costs <- matrix(2.85, 3.32, 3.10, 2.90) B) >unit.costs <- unit.costs(2.85, 3.32, 3.10, 2.90) C) >unit.costs <- matrix(c(2.85, 3.32, 3.10, 2.90), nrow=2, byrow=TRUE) D) >unit.costs <- unit.costs(2.85, 3.32, 3.10, 2.90), nrow=2, byrow=TRUE)
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