TEST BANK for An Introduction to Policing 9th Edition by John S. Dempsey, Linda S. Forst and Steven

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Chap 01_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Early American police were responsible for cleaning streets, inspecting boilers, caring for the poor and homeless, operating emergency ambulances, and performing other social services, in addition to their law enforcement duties. a. True b. False 2. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) held that Dred Scott could sue in court for his freedom because he was a citizen and not a piece of property. a. True b. False 3. By the seventeenth century, the northern colonies started to institute a civil law enforcement system that closely replicated the Greek model. a. True b. False 4. The concept of the sheriff can be traced back to the Praetorian Guard. a. True b. False 5. Early in the first decade of the 2000s, police nationwide adopted technology and data-mining, which resulted in crime reductions nationwide. a. True b. False 6. The Bow Street Runners were founded by Sir Robert Peel. a. True b. False 7. John Edgar Hoover is known as the father of American policing. a. True b. False 8. The man who is credited with establishing London’s first large-scale, civil police department in 1829 is Sir Robert Peel. a. True b. False 9. The word police is derived from the Latin word politia, which means “civil administration.” a. True b. False

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Chap 01_9e 10. London’s first large-scale, civil police department consisted of more than 4,000 men. a. True b. False 11. The U.S. Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), which desegregated schools all over the nation, created equal treatment of the races virtually overnight. a. True b. False 12. Escobedo v. Illinois was the U.S. Supreme Court case that applied the exclusionary rule to all states in the United States. a. True b. False 13. During ninth-century England, the system of mutual pledge was employed as a strategy for maintaining stability and providing a method for people living in villages to protect one another. a. True b. False 14. The first state police agency was the Texas Rangers. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

15. The duties of the ________ included lighting street lamps, clearing garbage from the streets, and putting out

fires. a. thief-takers b. watchmen c. shire-reeve d. magistrates 16. Within the King Alfred-established a system of society, citizens were expected to assist other citizens who

were yelling for help. This was known as ___________. a. hue and cry b. watch and ward c. mutual pledge d. thief-take

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Chap 01_9e 17. Historians and scholars indicate that __________ in the American South were the precursor to modern

highway patrols. a. Praetorian Guard b. Vigiles c. thief-takers d. slave patrols 18. Where did modern style police departments first begin to appear in the fourteenth century? a. England b. Greece c. Italy d. France 19. In the latter part of the ninth century, England’s King Alfred the Great established a form of community self-

protection known as ___________. a. Vigiles b. hue and cry c. shire-reeve d. mutual pledge 20. What law established National Prohibition in 1920? a. Olmstead Act b. Homestead Act c. Volstead Act d. Federal Judiciary Act 21. Which one of the following figures created practices that started to professionalize the U.S. police, including

incorporating university education as a part of police training? a. August Vollmer b. O. W. Wilson c. Raymond Blaine Fosdick d. J. Edgar Hoover 22. What U.S. Supreme Court decision held that a black slave could not sue in court for his freedom because he

was a piece of property, not a citizen? a. Dred Scott v. Sandford b. Mapp v. Ohio c. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka d. Mabury v. Madison

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Chap 01_9e 23. What New York City police officer shared his tales of corruption with the New York Times, which resulted in

the Knapp Commission? a. David Owens b. Whitman Knapp c. Frank Serpico d. Julius LaRosa 24. What piece of legislation made it a crime NOT to assist the night watch? a. Posse Comitatus Act of 1879 b. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 c. Statute of Winchester d. Volstead Act 25. He was the director of the FBI from 1924 until his death in 1972. a. Tom Ridge b. J. Edgar Hoover c. Robert Gray d. O. W. Wilson 26. In 1857, which Republican-controlled state police force took over the existing Democrat-controlled police

force in New York City? a. The Municipal Police b. The Metropolitan Police c. Federal Marshals d. State Troopers 27. In 1929, President Herbert Hoover created the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement.

This commission was known as the ___________. a. Wickersham Commission b. Kefauver Commission c. Crime Commission d. Kerner Commission 28. With regard to early policing in England, what is Patrick Colquhoun known for? a. Founding the Bow Street Runners b. Creating the Metropolitan Police c. Establishing the Marine Police d. Establishing the first sheriffs

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Chap 01_9e 29. Which of the following people is considered to be the father of modern American policing? a. August Vollmer b. Robert Peel c. O.W. Wilson d. John S. Dempsey 30. What modern era tool did William J. Bratton use to completely reengineer the New York City Police

Department to make reducing crime its primary objective? a. SWAT b. use of helicopters c. CompStat d. community policing 31. The Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 created the ___________. a. bobbies b. office of the U.S. marshal c. FBI d. New York City Police Department 32. The Latin term posse comitatus, a law which sheriffs and marshals called upon in the late 1700s, means

___________. a. “civil administration” b. “the power of the county” c. “one man rule” d. “justice at all costs” 33. In 1285, the Statute of Winchester established which of the following rudimentary aspects of a criminal justice

system? a. The watch and ward b. The parish constable c. The requirement that all males keep weapons in their homes for use in maintaining the public peace d. All of the above 34. O. W. Wilson is noted historically for what contribution to modern policing? a. Creating an internal police corruption task force b. Creating the first professional police society, the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) c. Developing modern management and administrative techniques d. Conducting the first national study of the U.S. criminal justice system

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Chap 01_9e 35. What criminal justice scholar published the 1920 book, American Police Systems, which studied the police

of 72 American cities? a. Bruce Smith b. O. W. Wilson c. Raymond Blaine Fosdick d. Estes Kefauver 36. In seventeenth-century England, ___________ were assistants to the constables and walked the streets

removing vagrants. a. beadles b. deputies c. marshals d. roamers 37. Which U.S. Supreme Court case defined the constitutional right to counsel at police interrogation? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Miranda v. Arizona c. Escobedo v. Illinois d. Brown v. Mississippi 38. Today, persons who are in police custody and set to be interrogated must be advised of their constitutional

rights. What U.S. Supreme Court case set this precedent? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Brown v. Mississippi c. Escobedo v. Illinois d. Miranda v. Arizona 39. According to historians, what two southern U.S. states were the first to create slaves codes and, thus, an early

form of patrolling? a. North Carolina and Georgia b. Mississippi and Alabama c. South Carolina and Tennessee d. Maryland and Virginia 40. What private policing agency thwarted the alleged “Baltimore Plot” to assassinate president-elect Abraham

Lincoln shortly before the Civil War? a. The Pinkerton Agency. b. The Rocky Mountain Detective Association c. Wells Fargo and Company. d. The Texas Rangers Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 01_9e 41. The Metropolitan Police was organized around the _____________, in which officers were assigned to

relatively small permanent posts and were expected to become familiar with the area and the people residing there— making the officer a part of neighborhood life. a. Watch and ward b. Neighborhood c. Beat system d. Judicial system 42. Which then-Massachusetts governor fired all of the striking police officers during a Boston police strike and

later became president of the United States? a. Calvin Coolidge b. Woodrow Wilson c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Ronald Reagan 43. Who formed the Bow Street Runners? a. Henry Fielding b. Sir Robert Peel c. Patrick Colquhoun d. Colonel Charles Rowan 44. On what societal issue did the U.S. Supreme Court focus during the 1960s? a. expanding governmental authority b. police rights c. individual rights d. corporate rights 45. The first state police agency was the ___________. a. Arizona Rangers b. Massachusetts Staties c. Texas Rangers d. Nevada Posse 46. In what northern city was the first organized American police force established during the 1800s? a. Boston b. New York City c. Philadelphia d. Chicago

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Chap 01_9e 47. In 1991, what Los Angeles incident inflamed police-community relations? a. Charles Manson’s arrest b. The L.A. shootout c. The reinstatement of the death penalty d. The Rodney King beating 48. The police represent the __________ power of government.. a. civil b. administrative c. political d. military 49. What piece of legislation gives law enforcement the ability to search, seize, detain, or eavesdrop in their pursuit

of possible terrorists? a. Posse Comitatus Act b. USA Patriot Act c. Statute of Winchester d. Volstead Act Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

50. O. W. Wilson is the author of the classic text on policing entitled ________.

51. The first specialized investigative unit in Rome was called __________, which means “trackers of murder.”

52. A rudimentary form of metropolitan policing called the __________ required all men in a given town to serve on the night watch. They were expected to patrol the streets and perform duties such as light street lamps, clear garbage, put out fires, and, of course, enforce criminal law.

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Chap 01_9e 53. __________ is the computer-based management program that many say was responsible for New York City’s drop in crime in the mid- to late-1990s.

54. According to researcher Sally E. Hadden, the state of _______ developed specific rules, guidelines, and duties for the slave patrols, which were in effect until the Civil War.

55. The landmark Supreme Court case of _____________________desegregated schools all over the nation and ended the legal segregation of races in the United States.

56. During England’s era of King Alfred the Great, a ________ consisted of 10 families grouped together to protect one another and assume responsibility for the acts of the group’s members.

57. Roman Emperor Augustus appointed the ________ to protect the palace and the emperor.

58. The _____________ was precipitated when a white, off-duty, New York City police lieutenant shot an AfricanAmerican youth who was threatening a building superintendent with a knife.

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Chap 01_9e 59. __________ established the first large-scale, uniformed, paid, civil police force in London.

60. __________ was a form of societal control where citizens grouped together to protect each other.

61. __________ was the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from its inception in 1924 until his death in 1972.

62. Reflect on the development of the Black Lives Matter movement and its affect on policing.

63. Discuss how the English police experience influenced American policing and the criminal justice system during the colonial period and the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries . Provide specific examples.

64. Compare and contrast the colonial northern watch with the southern slave patrols.

65. Explain how the evolution of the slave patrols in the 1700s marked the first advances in American policing.

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Chap 01_9e 66. How did technological advances change the police officer’s role in the nineteenth century?

67. Describe the social climate of the United States in the1960s, the public perception of police at the time, and the effects of key Supreme Court decisions at that time on American policing.

68. Explain the significance of the creation of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration and its impact on policing in the United States.

69. Compare and contrast policing before the creation of the London Metropolitan Police and policing today.

70. Explain why the Wickersham Commission was created and summarize its recommendations for policing.

71. What is the CompStat process and how did it affect policing?

72. Are Peel’s Nine Principles relevant to policing today? Why or why not?

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Chap 01_9e 73. Summarize the changes that occurred in law enforcement following the terrorist attacks on 9/11.

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Chap 01_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True 6. False 7. False 8. True 9. True 10. False 11. False 12. False 13. True 14. True 15. b 16. a 17. d 18. d 19. d 20. c 21. a 22. a 23. c 24. c 25. b 26. b

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Chap 01_9e 27. a 28. c 29. a 30. c 31. b 32. b 33. d 34. c 35. b 36. a 37. c 38. d 39. d 40. a 41. c 42. a 43. a 44. c 45. c 46. a 47. d 48. a 49. b 50. Police Administration 51. questors 52. watch and ward 53. CompStat 54. South Carolina Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 01_9e 55. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) 56. tithing 57. Praetorian Guard 58. 1964 Harlem riot 59. Sir Robert Peel 60. Mutual pledge 61. J. Edgar Hoover 62. Student responses will vary.

63. Student responses will vary.

64. Student responses will vary.

65. Student responses will vary.

66. Student responses will vary.

67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

70. Student responses will vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 02_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. In the United States, most local police departments are small, with about 53 percent employing fewer than 10 sworn officers. a. True b. False 2. Hawaii is the only state in the United States without a primary state police agency. a. True b. False 3. After the recession of 2008, volunteers became an important part of most local U.S. police departments. a. True b. False 4. The Phoenix Police Department bars its officers from stopping people for the sole purpose of determining immigration status. a. True b. False 5. The Alaskan Village Public Safety Officer (VPSO) program provides all Alaskan villages with a fully armed police presence. a. True b. False 6. Only 12 percent of local police departments in the United States use bicycle patrols. a. True b. False 7. In the United States, law enforcement has developed over the years based on a philosophy of local control. a. True b. False 8. The largest local police department is the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), with over 36,000 sworn officers. a. True b. False 9. Law enforcement in the United States has developed over the years based on a philosophy of uniform national control. a. True b. False

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Chap 02_9e 10. Most academic and professional studies of policing have focused on municipal departments because this is where the “action” is in the world of law enforcement. a. True b. False 11. In the United States, the creation of laws and the power to enforce them have traditionally been matters for the federal government, not the states. a. True b. False 12. The exclusive governmental power to make or enforce laws in American Indian country is completely in the hands of tribal governments; federal and state governments have no power in Indian country. a. True b. False 13. The FBI is the national police force of the United States. a. True b. False 14. When last reported, women accounted for 34 percent of federal law enforcement employees. a. True b. False 15. Interpol, the International Criminal Police Organization, is the worldwide investigative and enforcement agency. a. True b. False 16. With the creation of the Department of Homeland Security after 9/11, the U.S.A. Patriot Act authorized the combining of many federal agencies as one department to combat terrorist threats. a. True b. False 17. The NCIS is the investigative arm of the U.S. Army. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

18. Which of the following was the first state to combat illegal immigration by creating a law that demanded

immigrants carry identity documents legitimizing their presence within U.S. borders? a. New Mexico b. Texas c. California d. Arizona

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Chap 02_9e 19. What law conferred criminal jurisdiction in Indian country to six state governments as well as the federal

government? a. Senate Bill 2845 b. House Bill 2845 c. Tribal Law 121-440 d. Public Law 83-280 20. Racial and ethnic minorities constitute approximately ________percent of full-time sworn personnel in local

police departments. a. 10 b. 27 c. 36 d. 48 21. Most college and university campus law enforcement agencies have working relationships with __________. a. federal law enforcement b. state law enforcement c. local law enforcement d. international law enforcement 22. The FBI falls under the purview of which federal institution? a. Department of Defense b. Department of Justice c. Internal Revenue Service d. Department of the Army 23. The FBI consists of approximately how many special agents nationally? a. 1,100 b. 6,000 c. 12,500 d. 34,000 24. Many metropolitan police departments are supplemented by special jurisdiction police agencies. The largest

special jurisdiction agency in the United States is the ________. a. Dallas Area Rapid Transit b. Philadelphia Public School Police c. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey d. California Parks and Wildlife

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Chap 02_9e 25. The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is operated by what federal agency? a. Federal Bureau of Investigation b. Treasury Department c. Central Intelligence Agency d. Department of Homeland Security 26. What institution is responsible for the investigation of counterfeit U.S. currency? a. FBI b. Secret Service c. Internal Revenue Service d. Organized Crime and Racketeering Unit 27. In the United States, ________ percent of local police departments have 25 or fewer officers. a. 23 b. 37 c. 53 d. 87 28. Which piece of legislation expanded federal criminal jurisdiction in Indian country in such areas as guns, violent

juveniles, drugs, and domestic violence? a. 1994 Crime Act b. Public Law 83-280 c. Hate Crime Statistics Act d. Controlled Substances Act 29. The National Center for Rural Law Enforcement (NCRLE) is a part of what university? a. University of Arizona b. University of Wyoming c. University of Arkansas d. University of Nebraska 30. As of 2012, which of the following tribe and state pairings included the largest Indian law enforcement agency,

with 393 full-time officers? a. Seminole tribe, Florida b. Cherokee tribe, Oklahoma c. Navajo tribe, Arizona d. Stillaguamish tribe, Washington

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Chap 02_9e 31. Which of the following institutions is responsible for the transporting of federal prisoners and the security of

federal courthouses? a. Federal Protection Bureau b. U.S. Marshals Service c. Federal Bureau of Investigation d. Federal Protective Service 32. Which of the following institutions is part of the Department of Justice? a. Secret Service b. U.S. Postal Service c. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives d. National Park Service 33. In 2010, the U.S. Department of Justice ordered prosecutors in 33 states to intensify efforts to combat

____________on Indian reservations, particularly offenses on women and children. a. alcoholism and drug addiction b. divorce c. theft d. violent crime 34. The FBI was created when President __________ directed his attorney general to develop an investigative

unit within the Justice Department. a. Woodrow Wilson b. Herbert Hoover c. Franklin D. Roosevelt d. Theodore Roosevelt 35. Which of the following is NOT a common duty of a state police officer? a. highway patrol b. traffic enforcement c. patrol of small towns d. serve civil process 36. The U.S. Department of Justice is under control of the ________. a. Secretary of State b. Secretary of Homeland Security c. FBI director d. U.S. Attorney General

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Chap 02_9e 37. The largest county police department—not a sheriff’s office—in the United States is the Miami–Dade County

(Florida) department. It has approximately how many sworn officers? a. 1,500 b. 2,500 c. 2,000 d. 3,000 38. According to the text, _______ percent of local police departments assign officers to a multiagency drug task

force. a. 22 b. 35 c. 48 d. 51 39. Which of the following federal agencies is the oldest? a. U.S. Postal Service b. Federal Bureau of Investigation c. Central Intelligence Agency d. U.S. Marshals Service 40. With over 36,000 sworn employees, this city has the largest local police department in the United States. a. Los Angeles b. New York City c. Houston d. Chicago 41. Which organization maintains the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) as a national

clearinghouse of criminal justice information? a. Treasury Department b. Census Bureau c. National Institute of Justice d. IRS 42. In what year was Interpol founded? a. 1923 b. 1938 c. 1941 d. 1945

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Chap 02_9e 43. With over 7,000 sworn officers, which of the following is the largest state law enforcement agency? a. New York State Police b. Texas Department of Public Safety c. California Highway Patrol d. Pennsylvania State Police 44. Which of the following states does NOT have a state law enforcement agency? a. Hawaii b. Alaska c. Montana d. Arizona 45. The majority of law enforcement agencies in America are ___________. a. local b. federal c. state d. private 46. The federal Witness Security Program, popularly known as witness protection, is administered by the

________. a. U.S. Marshals Service b. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives c. Immigration and Naturalization Service d. Customs Service 47. Which of the following is a state law enforcement system that combines the duties of major criminal

investigations with the patrol of state highways and small towns into one agency? a. decentralized model b. combined model c. centralized model d. total model 48. The program that provides an annual compilation of all crimes reported to local police is called the ________. a. National Crime Registry b. Annual Crime Digest c. Uniform Crime Reports d. FBI Crime Clock

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Chap 02_9e 49. Which department acts as the U.S. representative to Interpol? a. U.S. Treasury Department b. Department of Homeland Security c. Department of Defense d. Department of Justice 50. According to the latest statistics, what percentage of public and private four-year colleges and universities use

an emergency email mass alert system on campus? a. 15 percent b. 55 percent c. 80 percent d. 100 percent 51. What is the primary mission of the U.S. Secret Service? a. traffic enforcement b. protect the president c. respond to terrorism d. infrastructure protection 52. What federal department operates the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) as its research arm? a. Department of Defense b. Treasury Department c. Department of Justice d. Department of Homeland Security 53. Which of the following is considered a special jurisdiction agency? a. Transit police b. College and university police c. Parks and wildlife police d. All of the above 54. What is the primary legal and prosecutorial arm of the U.S. government? a. Federal Bureau of Investigation b. National Institute of Justice c. Department of Homeland Security d. Department of Justice

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Chap 02_9e 55. Which national database contains information on outstanding warrants and criminal histories? a. National Crime Information Center b. Uniform Crime Reports c. Interpol d. Library of Congress 56. The International Criminal Police Organization, Interpol, is headquartered in which country? a. England b. Switzerland c. The United States d. France 57. Among local departments, women account for approximately __________ percent of sworn personnel. a. 12 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40 Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

58. __________ is the worldwide organization established for the development of cooperation among nations regarding common police problems.

59. After warning in 2004 that a key federal agency lacked the resources to protect our national parks and monuments, the Fraternal Order of Police argued for management changes and a bigger budget for the _______________.

60. The four major U.S. cabinet departments that administer most federal law enforcement agencies and personnel are__________, __________, __________, and __________.

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Chap 02_9e 61. Rural and small-town law enforcement agencies engage in __________ programs with neighboring agencies, coming to one another’s aid when necessary.

62. The Department of the Treasury has administrative control over the section of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that investigates crime. The investigative arm of the IRS is called the __________.

63. The __________ offers consultative services on cold-case serial homicides, as well as several other types of cases.

64. Historically, __________ police departments were developed to deal with the growing crime in nonurban areas of the state.

65. The U. S. __________ is in charge of the enforcement of the laws regarding counterfeiting of U.S. currency.

66. Every few years, the Bureau of Justice Statistics attempts to create a clear picture of the U.S. law enforcement industry as part of its _________________ program.

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Chap 02_9e 67. ____________ has the most full-time state and local law enforcement employees in the United States, with over 126,000 officers.

68. Since the 2008 recession in the United States, law enforcement has seen a trend toward ____________ of police services as a cost-saving measure.

69. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) falls under the control of __________________.

70. In response to law enforcement’s need for more flexible, in-depth data, the Unified Crime Reports (UCR) formulated the __________, which presents comprehensive, detailed information about crime incidents to law enforcement, researchers, governmental planners, students of criminal justice, and the general public.

71. Compare and contrast the duties of metropolitan and county law enforcement.

72. Would you approve a strategic operation like Operation Fast and Furious to potentially eliminate a criminal organization? Why or why not?

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Chap 02_9e 73. Identify some strategies police departments have used to continue providing services when budgets are reduced.

74. Explain the differences between the centralized and decentralized models of state law enforcement.

75. Explain the jurisdictional confusion in policing Indian country.

76. What are special jurisdictional police departments, and what exactly do they do?

77. A controversial issue in current law enforcement is the cooperation and escalating involvement of local police with federal immigration officials in enforcing immigration laws. Should local officers assist immigration authorities? Why, or why not?

78. Explain why small-town and rural police officers may find it more difficult to decompress than their counterparts in larger metropolitan areas.

79. Identify reasons for the emergence of gangs in small towns and strategies that can be used to combat them.

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Chap 02_9e 80. Explain the role of Interpol in policing and its relationship to U.S. police departments.

81. Summarize the reasons for the reorganization of the Federal Bureau of Investigation after 9/11 and the organizational changes that were made.

82. Discuss how joint federal and local task forces operate and give some examples of their use.

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Chap 02_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. False 6. False 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. True 11. False 12. False 13. False 14. False 15. False 16. True 17. False 18. d 19. d 20. b 21. c 22. b 23. c 24. c 25. a 26. b

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Chap 02_9e 27. d 28. a 29. c 30. c 31. b 32. c 33. d 34. d 35. d 36. d 37. d 38. b 39. a 40. b 41. c 42. c 43. c 44. a 45. a 46. a 47. c 48. c 49. a 50. d 51. b 52. c 53. d 54. d Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 02_9e 55. a 56. d 57. a 58. Interpol 59. U.S. Park Police 60. Department of Justice, Department of the Treasury, Department of Homeland Security, Department of the Interior (in any order) 61. mutual assistance 62. Criminal Investigation Division (CID)

CID (Criminal Investigation Division) Criminal Investigation Division CID 63. FBI’s National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC)

NCAVC (FBI’s National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime) FBI’s National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime NCAVC 64. state 65. Secret Service 66. Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics

LEMAS Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) 67. California 68. civilianization 69. The U.S. Department of Justice.

70. National Incident-Based Reporting System

NIBRS National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) 71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

74. Student responses will vary.

75. Student responses will vary.

76. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 02_9e 77. Student responses will vary.

78. Student responses will vary.

79. Student responses will vary.

80. Student responses will vary.

81. Student responses will vary.

82. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 03_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. The 4-10 schedule (four 10-hour days on, four 10-hour days off) makes it easier for department managers to schedule employees. a. True b. False 2. Shared leadership became popular in police organizations in the 1980s and 1990s after witnessing the success Japanese industry had with similar empowerment strategies. a. True b. False 3. Most modern police organizations can be considered bureaucracies. a. True b. False 4. A reserve officer in a local police department is not considered to be a sworn personnel. a. True b. False 5. A failed example of shared leadership in a police department was that of the Broken Arrow, Oklahoma Police Department in 2006. a. True b. False 6. Most government employees at the federal, state, and local levels are managed by a civil service system. a. True b. False 7. Police unions are predominantly local organizations that bargain and communicate with the local police department and the mayor or chief’s office. a. True b. False 8. Reserve officers are not always paid employees; it varies from one department to the next. a. True b. False 9. Police departments in the United States are quasi-military organizations. a. True b. False 10. Ethical leaders are often the ones who create envy and separation from other members of the organization. a. True b. False

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Chap 03_9e 11. Marine Corps general Smedley Butler organized a "bandit squad" to aggressively raid prostitution houses and suspected crime dens in Philadelphia. a. True b. False 12. When an officer transfers from one department to another, he or she can lose some or all of their investment in their pension plans. a. True b. False 13. In a normal situation, officers are looking for leadership characteristics in their managers that will positively influence them in their police career. a. True b. False 14. Regardless of the size of the department, the chain of command always starts with the Governor of the state in which the department is established. a. True b. False 15. In most police departments, patrol functions, detective functions, and internal investigative functions are all kept together in the same unit. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

16. Which of the following did the Pendleton Act establish after the 1881 assassination of President James

Garfield? a. The Secret Service b. The civil service system c. The system of civilianization d. Police unions 17. Which of the following is an independent body with authority to make binding decisions on a wide range of

policy issues, working conditions, and departmental strategies? a. Civilian personnel b. Nonsworn officers c. The Leadership Team d. Community Service Officers (CSOs)

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Chap 03_9e 18. ____________________ is defined as an organizational model marked by hierarchy and promotion based on

professional merit and skill. a. Keynesian paradigm b. Bureaucracy c. Privatization d. Monetarism 19. Using a traditional three-tour system (one officer per beat per shift), about how many officers actually must be

available to cover each beat? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 20. The number of officers or subordinates a supervisor can supervise effectively is called __________. a. chain of command b. organizational index c. span of control d. effective level of supervision 21. The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice recommended which of the

following actions? a. Hiring lateral police officers b. Developing a national police retirement system c. Hiring more women d. Forming permanent police reserve units 22. Shared leadership attained renewed interest in the 1980s and 1990s in response to __________. a. the court case of Tennessee v. Garner b. New York City’s successful implementation c. the riots in Los Angeles d. Japanese industry’s success 23. What is the management concept that says each individual in an organization is supervised by one immediate

supervisor or boss who in turn reports to a higher supervisor? a. Ladder of command b. Effective level of supervision c. Span of control d. Chain of command

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Chap 03_9e 24. Which of the following service units includes records, property, laboratory, detention, identification, and

alcohol testing, among others? a. Personnel processes b. Operational procedures c. Auxiliary services d. Resource functions 25. What is considered the primary fault of a 12-hour tour system? a. Less cost-effective b. Officer fatigue c. Fewer total hours d. Decrease in officer morale 26. Tradition and civil service rules have established the police officer’s most common working day as ________

hours. a. 6 b. 8 c. 10 d. 12 27. In a large urban department, what area often serves as the centerpiece of the precinct, station, or district? a. The desk b. The police blotter c. The holding cell d. The command center 28. The police strike of 1919 occurred in which U.S. city? a. New York b. Pittsburgh c. Chicago d. Boston 29. When is the only time a detective may assume a supervisory role over any officer? a. When a sergeant is absent b. During an officer’s first year c. At a crime scene d. During an arrest

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Chap 03_9e 30. What is an example of an administrative unit within a police department? a. Records b. Holding cell c. Personnel d. Community relations 31. Who is generally in charge of a squad? a. Master patrol officer b. Corporal c. Lieutenant d. Sergeant 32. An example of an auxiliary unit in a police department would be _________. a. criminal investigations b. communications c. community relations d. training 33. Which of the following represents the standard order of civil service ranks within a police department, from

lowest rank to highest? a. Officer, sergeant, lieutenant, captain, chief b. Officer, sergeant, corporal, lieutenant, captain, chief c. Captain, officer, sergeant, corporal, lieutenant, chief d. Corporal, officer, sergeant, lieutenant, captain, chief 34. A ________ is the smallest geographic area that a patrol unit can patrol effectively. a. district b. beat c. neighborhood d. precinct 35. To avoid the penalties involved in a formal police strike, officers may contract with which of following in order

to protest working conditions or other grievances? a. Blue flu b. Sit-out c. Blackout d. Blue-out

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Chap 03_9e 36. Unless an emergency exists or speed is necessary, a patrol officer should always report to his or her

___________. a. department b. sergeant c. platoon d. precinct 37. The power of police is limited by state laws and the ________. a. Pendleton Act b. district attorney c. Bill of Rights d. state governors 38. A __________ system is one in which personal ability is stressed above all other considerations. a. nepotism b. favoritism c. reward d. merit 39. The concepts of total quality management, quality circles, job involvement, participative management, and

employee empowerment are all forms of ________. a. bottom-up leadership b. top-down leadership c. shared leadership d. theory X leadership 40. Which group is considered the backbone of police services? a. Detectives b. Patrol officers c. Training officers d. Community service officers 41. The process of removing sworn officers from nonenforcement jobs and replacing them by nonsworn personnel

is called ________. a. rationalization b. lateral transfer c. upgrading d. civilianization

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Chap 03_9e 42. A majority of female officers prefer a leader who is considered both “transformational” and what else? a. Autocratic b. Situational c. Democratic d. Laissez faire 43. What is considered a major problem for officers making a lateral transfer to another department? a. Pensions may not be transferrable b. Differences in philosophies between departments c. Differences in policing technology d. All of the above.

44. The police structure in the United States is considered to be ________. a. military b. civilian c. quasi-military d. hemi-military 45. By which method are officers most typically promoted to detective? a. Civil service exam b. By appointment from leadership c. By specialized degree d. Nepotism 46. Who is the first supervisor in the police chain of command? a. Detective b. Captain c. Lieutenant d. Sergeant 47. A ________ is the collection of all officers working a particular shift. a. cohort b. precinct c. platoon d. staff

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Chap 03_9e 48. Why are police chiefs considered the key figures in the police organization? a. They get paid the most. b. They appear before local government agencies. c. They set the vision and tone for the department. d. They work shifts when officers are sick.

49. Which of the following are police activities performed in direct assistance to the public? a. Administration b. Operations c. Auxiliary services d. Fraternal procedures 50. Which of the following is a record, in chronological order, of all police activities occurring in a precinct each

day? a. Desk b. Post c. Police blotter d. Central booking Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

51. Chain of command may be disregarded in two situations. They are __________ and __________.

52. A _______________ tour schedule is known to raise officer morale, but can be a scheduling difficulty for department managers.

53. No matter the size of the agency, the chain of command starts with the __________.

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Chap 03_9e 54. The process of removing sworn officers from noncritical or nonenforcement tasks and replacing them with civilians or nonsworn employees is called __________.

55. The concept of dividing the tasks of an organization according to personnel, area, time, and function or process is called __________.

56. A __________ is generally the entire collection of beats in a given geographic area.

57. The ability and opportunity to transfer from one police department to another is called __________.

58. The number of officers or subordinates that a supervisor can supervise effectively is called the __________.

59. __________ is the process of running an organization so that the organization can accomplish goals.

60. The unit that examines and classifies seized evidence, including drugs, weapons, and fibers, is called the _____________.

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Chap 03_9e 61. Another name for chain of command is __________.

62. How does the presence or absence of ethical leadership impact the officers in a police department?

63. Create an organizational chart that shows the ranks in the police hierarchy and explain the responsibilities of each rank.

64. What are the advantages and disadvantages of organizing a police department by function or purpose?

65. Discuss the basic paradox of police discretion and control-oriented management.

66. Describe the differences in police powers given to sworn and nonsworn members of a police department.

67. Compare and contrast the terms manager and leader. Can the roles be combined? Why or why not?

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Chap 03_9e 68. Explain the concept of shared leadership and how it has been applied in police departments.

69. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of hiring a lateral transfer into an agency. If you were the Chief/Sheriff of your agency, would you want to hire lateral transfers and why or why not?

70. Discuss how belonging to a union benefits police officers.

71. Do the strengths of the civil service system outweigh its weaknesses? Why or why not?

72. What are the pros and cons of organizing a police department by 8-hour, 10-hour, and 12-hour tours?

73. Discuss the factors that led police departments to adopt Taylor's Four Scientific Management Principles and whether these principles are still valid today.

74. Describe the benefits of civilianization in police departments.

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Chap 03_9e 75. What are the advantages and disadvantages of organizing a police department by area?

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Chap 03_9e Answer Key 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. False 11. True 12. True 13. True 14. False 15. False 16. b 17. c 18. b 19. d 20. c 21. b 22. d 23. d 24. c 25. b 26. b

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Chap 03_9e 27. a 28. d 29. c 30. c 31. d 32. b 33. a 34. b 35. a 36. b 37. c 38. d 39. c 40. b 41. d 42. c 43. d 44. c 45. b 46. d 47. c 48. c 49. b 50. c 51. emergency, speed

speed, emergency 52. 4-10

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Chap 03_9e 53. chief of police

police commissioner 54. civilianization 55. division of labor 56. precinct

district station 57. lateral transfer (lateral movement)

lateral movement (lateral transfer) lateral transfer lateral movement 58. span of control 59. Management 60. laboratory

lab 61. hierarchy of authority 62. Student responses will vary.

63. Student responses will vary.

64. Student responses will vary.

65. Student responses will vary.

66. Student responses will vary.

67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

70. Student responses will vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student response will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

74. Student responses will vary.

75. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 04_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Police officer candidates are administered polygraph examinations in the vast majority of police departments a. True b. False 2. Use of the Internet and social media has not yet been an effective method for police employers to get their message out about job openings. a. True b. False 3. Police departments are required to have the same hiring standards across an entire state or region. a. True b. False 4. At one time, the main requirement for becoming a police officer was the applicant’s physical size, strength, and level of courage. a. True b. False 5. Many police departments view their current officers as effective recruiters for careers in policing. a. True b. False 6. Police applicants today must be at least 5 feet 8 inches tall to be selected for employment. a. True b. False 7. One of the concerns with the requirement of higher education for police officers is the fear of minority discrimination. a. True b. False 8. Courts have typically supported minimum height and weight requirement for applicants to police forces. a. True b. False 9. The police selection process is relatively simple. A candidate can become hired as a police officer within several months after taking the entrance examination. a. True b. False 10. According to a 2013 report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, only 1 percent of local police departments required a four-year college degree. a. True b. False Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 04_9e 11. Courts have traditionally upheld the no-smoking policies in police departments. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

12. Adverse impact or different rate of selection occurs when the selection rate for any gender, race, or ethnic

group is less than __________ percent of that for the group with the highest selection rate. a. 50 b. 60 c. 80 d. 90 13. Due to recent changes in legislation and general attitudes, the prior use of which drug has become more flexible

in regard to recruiting new police officers? a. Marijuana b. Alcohol c. Opiates d. Cocaine 14. Researcher Hrand Saxenian says ________ is the single most important criterion in the police selection. a. Courage b. Age c. Attitude d. Maturity 15. Physical agility testing during the application process has been criticized for discriminating against _________. a. Hispanics b. African Americans c. women d. people with disabilities 16. What is the term for the ability to interpret, understand, and manage one’s own and others’ emotions, which

encompasses many competencies that are valued in law enforcement such as self-awareness, self-control, conflict management, and leadership? a. Emotional intelligence b. KSAs c. Common sense d. Exhibited intelligence

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Chap 04_9e 17. Which of the following is NOT a typical review item during a police candidate’s background investigation. a. Credit check b. Phone records c. Employment history d. Driving record 18. Approximately how many police academies exist in the United States? a. 260 b. 350 c. 650 d. 1,000 19. What police department has served as the model for field training programs across the country since the

1970s? a. San Jose, California b. Reno, Nevada c. Dallas, Texas d. Chicago, Illinois 20. Nationwide, the education requirement for the majority of police departments is ___________. a. a four-year college degree b. a two-year college degree c. some college d. no college, but at least a high school degree or its equivalent 21. By 2006, what was the national average for hours new police officers spent in academy training? a. 407 b. 532 c. 661 d. 761 22. Police agencies generally require the vision of an applicant to be correctable to _______. a. 20/20 b. 20/30 c. 20/40 d. 20/50

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Chap 04_9e 23. The requirement to regularly update the skills and knowledge base of veteran officers is known as

__________. a. in-service training b. field training c. the written examination d. recruit training 24. Previous height and weight requirements were believed to discriminate against ____________. a. people with disabilities b. African-American and Hispanic candidates c. younger candidates d. women and minority candidates 25. Which of the following is NOT something that is taken into consideration during a candidate’s oral interview? a. Poise b. Presence c. Speaking accent d. Communication skills 26. The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice recommended that police

departments provide an absolute minimum of ___________ hours of classroom work. a. 800 b. 500 c. 400 d. 600 27. During the police screening process, most departments reject applicants with what type of arrest on record? a. An adult or juvenile felony conviction b. An adult or juvenile misdemeanor conviction c. Adult felony arrests d. Juvenile felony arrests 28. The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that by 2050, minority populations will be _________ percent of the

population. a. 25 b. 33 c. 54 d. 64

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Chap 04_9e 29. Most federal law enforcement agencies require what amount of education? a. High school diploma b. 400 academy hours c. Associate’s degree d. Bachelor’s degree 30. What stage of the police selection process is most subject to litigation? a. Background examination b. Written entrance exam c. Physical agility test d. Medical exam 31. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, what percentage of local police departments offer their officers

some type of education achievement pay, including tuition reimbursement? a. 1 b. 16 c. 31 d. 64 32. What landmark court decision allowed for police departments to create a job analysis to identify the important

tasks that must be performed by a police officer? a. Guardians Association of New York City Police Department v. Civil Service Commission of New York b. Dothard v. Rawlinson c. Dred Scott v. Sandford d. Escobedo v. Illinois 33. If a competent job analysis is performed, the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for performance in that

department are considered to be ___________. a. occupationally related b. department related c. discriminatory d. job related 34. A BJS report found that 5 percent of municipal police agencies use this type of screening procedure. a. Polygraph exam b. Written aptitude test c. Voice stress analyzer d. Psychological evaluation

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Chap 04_9e 35. Rather than lose an otherwise quality candidate, departments often provide training or guidance before which

phase of the application process? a. Background investigation b. Psychological examination c. Physical agility test d. Written entrance exam 36. What percentage of U.S. police departments conduct criminal background checks for all applicants, according

to a Justice Department survey? a. 45 percent b. 75 percent c. 90 percent d. 100 percent 37. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, ____________ percent of local police departments provide

college tuition reimbursement to their officers. a. 6 b. 37 c. 76 d. 87 38. Which of the following is NOT considered by departments when selecting police applicants? a. Education b. Physical abilities c. Vision d. Criminal history of parents 39. The majority of today’s police departments __________. a. maintain a height requirement b. have eliminated the height requirement c. have maintained the height requirement, but allow officers to be measured while wearing boots d. have lowered the height requirement to 5 feet 2 inches 40. Today, the typical police officer is ____________ educated than previous generations of police officers. a. better b. less c. similarly d. None of these choices (not possible to know).

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Chap 04_9e 41. What organization got together with the Bureau of Justice Assistance to create the Discoverpolicing.org job

board and informational website? a. Police Benevolent Association b. Law Enforcement Education Program (LEEP) c. International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) d. President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice 42. In a 2010 report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics found that about ________ percent of police departments

required applicants to take a polygraph. a. 15 b. 26 c. 50 d. 80 43. What selection process can be used to examine a candidate’s poise, presence, and communication skills? a. One-on-one interview b. Oral interview in front of a panel c. Polygraph d. Psychological evaluation 44. The U.S. Supreme Court case of Dothard v. Rawlinson (1977) revolved around what police candidate

issue? a. Height and weight requirements for necessary job performance b. Age limits for prospective police candidates c. Minimum educational requirements d. The admissibility of a polygraph in the selection process 45. What is the abbreviated name of the federal government program that gave grants for police officers to attend

college? a. GRAD b. LEEP c. DIPLOMA d. GAIN 46. What is considered a “learning position” for potential police candidates while they are pursuing their

education? a. Police dispatcher b. Police cadet c. Public service attendant d. Community service attendant Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 04_9e Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

47. As an alternative or in addition to the FTO program, a field training program designed to produce graduates capable of providing customer-centered, responsible, community-focused police services is called the __________ model.

48. The __________ in Quantico, Virginia, is one of the most well-known law enforcement leadership and administrative officers courses in the United States.

49. __________ is the name of the “shoot/don’t shoot” training course that forces officers to make split-second decisions with fire arms.

50. The period of time that a department has to evaluate a new officer’s ability to perform his or her job effectively is called the _________ _period.

51. During the field training phase, a recruit is assigned to three different __________ , who provide daily and weekly evaluations on the recruit’s performance.

52. An officer with a high level of_________ _ is ideal because it encompasses many competencies that are valued in law enforcement such as self-awareness, self-control, conflict management, and leadership.

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Chap 04_9e 53. If a competent job analysis is performed, the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for performance in that department are judged to be __________.

54. The initial training a police officer receives is called __________.

55. Recently graduated recruits from the police academy receive a type of on-the-job training called __________.

56. Per the Bureau of Justice Statistics, as of 2013 ________ percent of law enforcement agencies required a high school diploma as a minimum requirement for hiring as a police officer.

57. A __________ identifies the important tasks that must be performed by police officers, and then identifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to perform those tasks.

58. Considering the findings of the Hiring in the Spirit of Service project, do you think the community should be included in police recruitment and hiring? Why or why not?

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Chap 04_9e 59. Discuss the challenges that police departments face when considering candidates who have a history of drug use and the policy changes departments have made as a result of societal changes.

60. Explain the debate over whether or not a college education should be required for police officers.

61. Why are field training programs and probationary periods vital phases in the police hiring process?

62. Discuss the pros and cons of online training programs for police officers.

63. Explain what a job analysis is and its importance in the police hiring process.

64. Identify the sources you can use to find information about law enforcement jobs.

65. Define emotional intelligence and explain why it is important in policing.

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Chap 04_9e 66. If a college degree is required for employment as a police officer, should tuition reimbursement be offered? Why or why not?

67. Discuss the pros and cons of police officers paying for their physical and classroom training at private academies before being hired by a police department.

68. Describe some initiatives for recruiting young people to law enforcement careers and explain why they are important.

69. Explain why changes have been made in the physical requirements to become a police officer and give some examples of those changes.

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Chap 04_9e Answer Key 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. False 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. True 11. True 12. c 13. a 14. d 15. c 16. a 17. b 18. b 19. a 20. d 21. d 22. a 23. a 24. d 25. c 26. c

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Chap 04_9e 27. a 28. c 29. d 30. b 31. c 32. a 33. d 34. c 35. c 36. d 37. b 38. d 39. b 40. a 41. c 42. b 43. b 44. a 45. b 46. b 47. Reno

Police Training Officer (PTO) Police Training Officer PTO 48. FBI Academy 49. Hogan’s Alley 50. probationary 51. Field Training Officers

FTOs Field Training Officers (FTOs) Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 04_9e 52. emotional intelligence 53. job related 54. recruit training 55. field training 56. 84 57. job analysis 58. Student responses will vary.

59. Student responses will vary.

60. Student responses will vary.

61. Student responses will vary.

62. Student responses will vary.

63. Student responses will vary.

64. Student responses will vary.

65. Student responses will vary.

66. Student answers will vary.

67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 05_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. The police themselves emphasize their role as crime fighters and play down their job as peacekeepers and social service providers. a. True b. False 2. In most cases where stops were made, the behavior of the suspect was what concerned the officer. a. True b. False 3. The primary goal or objective of the police should be to arrest all offenders. a. True b. False 4. Officers have broad discretion on whether to arrest or not to arrest in domestic violence cases. a. True b. False 5. The entire criminal justice system is based on the concept of discretion. a. True b. False 6. The "broken windows" theory suggests it is appropriate to allow a neighborhood to deteriorate if the neighborhood will not participate in its upkeep. a. True b. False 7. Police generally have much less discretion than other officials in the criminal justice system. a. True b. False 8. The “defense of life” standard allowed police officers to use deadly force against people who were using deadly force against an officer or another person. a. True b. False 9. Minority groups allege they are the victims of race-based policing due the NYPD stop-and-frisk policies. a. True b. False 10. The growing popularity of less-than-lethal weapons (LTLW) by police officers in the United States virtually ensures their increased use in the law enforcement community. a. True b. False

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Chap 05_9e 11. Two studies indicate that people who engage in violent crime or who engage the police in violent confrontations are much more likely to be the victims of police shootings. a. True b. False 12. The police officer is generally the first decision maker in the U.S. criminal justice system and is often the most important. a. True b. False 13. Movies and television shows about the police emphasize the police crime-fighting role. a. True b. False 14. Police are free or have the ability to ignore crimes or to exercise discretion regarding them, even when the crime is serious. a. True b. False 15. The police role is extremely well defined and contains little ambiguity. a. True b. False 16. Elaine Cumming and her colleagues reported that the ordinary work routines of police officers include mostly law enforcement activities and very few other activities. a. True b. False 17. An officer’s discretion varies depending on the type of situation he or she encounters. a. True b. False 18. Most of what happens in the U.S. criminal justice system happens without the use of discretion by the police. a. True b. False 19. Gender does not play an important role in the use of force incidents by police officers. a. True b. False

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Chap 05_9e Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

20. The police make approximately ____________________ million arrests a year for all criminal infractions,

excluding traffic violations. a. 3.3 b. 10.16 c. 12.4 d. 13.12 21. The Magic City Police Department maintains order through informal police intervention, including persuasion

and threats, or hassling or roughing up disruptive people instead of formal arrests. According to James Q. Wilson, it would be considered to be a ____________________ department. a. watchman b. legalistic c. moralistic d. service 22. Which of the following is not one of Broderick’s police operational styles? a. Enforcers b. Dreamers c. Realists d. Optimists 23. Most police contacts involve ___________. a. motor vehicle or traffic-related issues b. family violence c. arrests of offenders d. testifying in court 24. Police officers have ____________________ discretion. a. little b. tremendous c. limited d. no

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Chap 05_9e 25. Officer Brown believes his role is keeping the peace and preserving the social order, yet he is very careful not

to violate the constitutional rights of individuals. According to Broderick, he would be considered a(n) ____________. a. realist b. optimist c. enforcer d. idealist 26. Most police patrol time is spent ___________. a. as uncommitted time b. as committed time c. responding to calls for service d. responding to dispatch 27. Officer White concentrates her efforts on helping people in trouble, rather than on keeping society safe.

According to Broderick, she would be considered a(n) _____________. a. realist b. optimist c. enforcer d. idealist 28. The first decision maker in the criminal justice system and often the most important is the _________. a. judge b. defense attorney c. police officer d. prosecutor 29. Officer Green believes that it is impossible to achieve the goals and objectives of the police department and

concentrates his efforts on the concept of police loyalty and the mutual support of his fellow officers.

According to Broderick, he would be considered a(n) _________. a. realist b. optimist c. enforcer d. idealist

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Chap 05_9e 30. The Smalltown Police Department uses social service agencies to provide counseling for minor offenders.

According to James Q. Wilson, it would be considered to be a ____________________ department. a. watchman b. legalistic c. moralistic d. service 31. In the 1970s, the American Law Institute proposed a(n) ____________________, which included new

policies on the use of deadly force. a. administrative rule b. National Bill of Police Rights c. legislative bill d. Model Penal Code 32. The ____________________ standard allows police officers to use deadly force against people who are

using deadly force against an officer or another person, as well as in certain violent felony situations. a. castle exception b. defense of property c. defense of life d. defense of community 33. In 1985, the fleeing felon rule was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in the landmark case

of ___________. a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Lawrence v. Texas c. Tennessee v. Garner d. Terry v. Ohio 34. According to the text, the legality and morality of the “fleeing felon” rule have been challenged because of the

U.S. legal concept of ____________. a. presumption of innocence b. fundamental fairness c. cruel and unusual punishment d. application of equality 35. Egon Bittner has stated that police work has, from its earliest origins, been a _______. a. religious vocation b. respected profession c. feared occupation d. tainted occupation Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 05_9e 36. Officer Smith believes her role is to maintain order on her beat by arresting criminals. According to Broderick,

she would be considered a(n) ____________. a. realist b. optimist c. enforcer d. idealist 37. Which of the following is part of the federal government’s imminent danger standard for use of deadly force? a. Firing warning shots b. Shooting at moving vehicles c. Prisoner attempting escape who was being held in a high-security prison d. Nonfatally shooting a suspect in the leg 38. Which of the following is not one of the reasons police exercise discretion? a. If the police enforced all the laws, all the time, they would be in the station house or court much of their

time. b. Complete enforcement would alienate the public from the police. c. Most violations of law are minor and do not require full enforcement. d. The police want to show they have a caring attitude toward the community.

39. In the landmark case Tennessee v. Garner, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the ____________________

rule unconstitutional. a. fleeing felon b. consent search c. detention d. stop and frisk 40. Which of the following is not one of James Q. Wilson’s operating styles? a. Watchman b. Legalistic c. Service d. Aggressive 41. The Humortown Police Department issues many summonses and makes many misdemeanor arrests.

According to James Q. Wilson, it would be considered to be a ____________________ department. a. watchman b. legalistic c. moralistic d. service

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Chap 05_9e 42. Of the following, the police make more arrests for ____________________ crimes than for the other types. a. violent b. property c. financial d. quality-of-life 43. Which of the following is not one of the factors that may influence police discretion as indicated by research

findings? a. Time of day b. The offense c. Subject’s attitude d. Subject’s race 44. The police role is ____________. a. very ambiguous b. very clearly defined c. mainly related to violent crime d. mainly related to arresting offenders 45. Choke holds, carotid holds, and neck restraints became a source of controversy after _____. a. several lawsuits b. some deaths c. further study d. changes in law enforcement policies 46. Studies of police discretion have shown that the most significant factor in the decision to arrest is the

___________. a. location of the offense b. officer–offender relationship c. seriousness of the offense committed d. offender’s past criminal history 47. Statistics clearly indicate that police officers ___________. a. overuse force b. do not overuse force c. overuse threats d. display their weapons too often

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Chap 05_9e 48. Which of the following is incorrect? a. The police make more arrests for minor violations than serious crime. b. The police make more arrests for drug offenses than they do for driving while intoxicated (DWI/DUI) c. The police make more arrests for aggravated or felony assault than they do for misdemeanor assault. d. Violations of liquor laws, drunkenness, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, and loitering are responsible for

approximately 1.72 million arrests a year.

49. Which of the following is not one of the major factors Herbert Jacob says causes the police to exercise

discretion? a. Department policies b. Characteristics of the crime c. Relationship between alleged criminal and victim or between police and criminal or victim d. Geographic area of the crime 50. Based on 2015 statistics, approximately ____________________ people were killed justifiably by police in a

four-year period. a. 290 b. 439 c. 1,322 d. 8,227 51. According to the text, the police attempt to prevent crime by trying to create a sense of ____________. a. safety and security b. community involvement c. omniscience d. omnipresence 52. According to the text, one way of controlling discretion, particularly improper application of discretion, is the

establishment of _____________. a. strong policies b. employee early warning systems c. citizen review boards d. active reporting systems 53. Robert Lilly’s research concluded that the majority of police calls are in reference to __________. a. burglaries b. thefts c. information d. social services

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Chap 05_9e 54. Sheehan and Cordner state that the two primary goals and objectives of police departments are

____________. a. maintaining order and protecting life and property b. preventing crime and arresting offenders c. preventing crime and maintaining order d. protecting life and property and preventing crime Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

55. Ninety-six percent of local police departments have turned to the use of __________ in an attempt to reduce the use of deadly force.

56. The federal government has redefined its deadly force policy used by federal agents and has adopted the __________ standard.

57. Carl B. Klockars, in Idea of Police, broadly defines the basic function of the police as dealing with all those problems that may require the use of __________.

58. The police try to create a sense that they are always there. This is called __________.

59. The U.S. system of criminal justice is interested in the __________, in addition to the letter of the law.

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Chap 05_9e 60. In 1985, the U.S. Supreme Court dealt with police use of deadly force, declaring the __________unconstitutional.

61. Most police departments now train their officers in the use of force using the __________.

62. The availability of a choice of options or actions one can take in a situation is called __________.

63. During the 1970s, many police departments developed an alternative to the fleeing felon doctrine; it was called the __________.

64. After making a traffic stop, the most influential characteristics leading to a suspect’s arrest were whether the suspect was_____________________.

65. Arresting offenders and assisting prosecutors in bringing charges against defendants is one of the primary methods used by police to maintain order and protect __________and __________.

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Chap 05_9e 66. Wilson and Kelling's ___________________ theory suggests if an area of the community is allowed to deteriorate without some remedy, crime will increase.

67. Explain how the terrorist attacks on 9/11 affected the role of the police.

68. Is racial discrimination a factor in the police use of deadly force? Use study results to support your answer.

69. Compare and contrast each of James Q. Wilson’s police department operational styles. Which operational style should the police emphasize and why?

70. Should police officers be required to wear body cameras? Why or why not?

71. Explain why the CALEA standards are important and how they relate to the concept of noble cause corruption.

72. Discuss the impact of Tennessee v. Garner on law enforcement. How would you have decided this case and why?

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Chap 05_9e 73. Explain how the Ferguson shooting and the Black Lives Matter movement have affected police behavior.

74. Explain why the U.S. criminal justice system involves a tremendous amount of discretion and give examples of how that discretion is exercised throughout the system.

75. What is police discretion? Discuss and give examples of some of the ways police exercise discretion.

76. Discuss the major police roles, including how the public views the police role and how studies show police spend their time.

77. List the primary and secondary goals of policing and give an example of how the police work toward each goal.

78. Wilson and Weiss recommended approaches to workforce levels for small police departments. Would their recommendations work for larger departments as well? Why or why not?

79. List and explain each of Broderick’s styles, including how these styles relate to main police objectives of crime fighting and order maintenance.

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Chap 05_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True 6. False 7. False 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. True 13. True 14. False 15. False 16. False 17. True 18. False 19. False 20. c 21. a 22. b 23. a 24. b 25. d 26. a

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Chap 05_9e 27. b 28. c 29. a 30. d 31. d 32. c 33. c 34. a 35. d 36. c 37. c 38. d 39. a 40. d 41. b 42. b 43. a 44. a 45. b 46. c 47. b 48. c 49. d 50. b 51. d 52. b 53. c 54. a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 05_9e 55. chemical sprays/less-than-lethal weapons 56. imminent danger 57. coercive force 58. omnipresence 59. spirit of the law 60. fleeing felon rule 61. use-of-force continuum 62. discretion 63. defense of life standard 64. under the influence of alcohol or drugs 65. life, property

property, life 66. broken windows 67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

70. Student responses will vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

74. Student responses will vary.

75. Student responses will vary.

76. Student responses will vary.

77. Student responses will vary.

78. Student responses will vary.

79. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 06_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. The strong bonding that occurs among police officers places the highest value on the obligation to back up and support a fellow officer. a. True b. False 2. In a suicide by cop situation, the only victim is the suspect that has been shot by the officer. a. True b. False 3. Most police departments have management programs to deal with the stress problems of police officers. a. True b. False 4. Studies have indicated that police officers face serious marital problems, health problems, and problems with alcohol and drugs. a. True b. False 5. Suicide is a serious problem in policing. a. True b. False 6. The concept of the blue curtain was developed by Jerome Skolnick. a. True b. False 7. The American Institute of Stress ranked police work as the top stress-producing job in the United States. a. True b. False 8. The majority of studies have determined that the police personality derives from the socialization process in the police academy, field training, and patrol experience, instead of being inherent in the personality of those who enter into the police profession. a. True b. False 9. A recent study by John Violanti reveals that police commit suicide at a rate up to 53 percent higher than other city workers. a. True b. False 10. The police have a subculture that is not substantially different from that found in other occupations in society. a. True b. False Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 06_9e 11. Police officers and their families tend to avoid socializing with other police officers and their families, choosing to socialize instead with people in other lines of work. a. True b. False 12. The police subculture is characterized by clannishness, secrecy, and isolation from those not in the group. a. True b. False 13. Heart attacks, ulcers, weight gain, and other health problems are not signs of stress in police officers. a. True b. False 14. One factor that identifies a police shooting as “suicide by cop” is that the suicidal subject must confront law enforcement to the degree that the officer or officers are compelled to react with deadly force to defend themselves or others from serious bodily injury or death. a. True b. False 15. The rate of police suicides has dropped in recent decades. a. True b. False 16. The idea of danger permeates the police subculture. a. True b. False 17. Officers who express a loss/increase in appetite usually have an eating disorder? a. True b. False 18. The stress affecting police officers rarely affects their families. a. True b. False 19. The longer officers are in their profession, the more hostile they become. a. True b. False

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Chap 06_9e Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

20. One of the best-known study of the police personality, Behind the Shield, was written by __________. a. Richard Harris b. Howard Abadinsky c. Larry Siegel d. Arthur Niederhoffer 21. Some studies have indicated that police officers are ____________________ percent more likely to suffer

from alcoholism than the average citizen. a. 25 b. 55 c. 75 d. 300 22. In 1996, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the NYPD Patrolman’s Benevolent Association

(PBA), responding to the fact that 26 NYPD officers had committed suicide in the previous two years, created the ____________________ to address the problems of police stress and suicide. a. Law Enforcement Rehabilitation Center b. Law Enforcement Counseling program c. Police Organization Providing Peer Assistance (POPPA) program d. NYPD Cops for Cops program 23. Dorothy Bracey found that due to a poor diet and lack of exercise, a significant sample of American police

possessed a body composition, blood chemistry, and general level of physical fitness greatly inferior to that of a similarly sized sample of _____________. a. college students b. prison convicts c. military personnel d. high school seniors 24. The term that describes human body’s reaction to highly stressful situations is known as the __________. a. flight-or-fight response b. stressed-out syndrome c. adrenaline response d. fight-or-freeze syndrome

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Chap 06_9e 25. Who coined the term the “working personality” of the police? a. Jerome Skolnick b. James Fyfe c. James Q. Wilson d. Egon Bittner 26. According to research, which is the leading problem among police officers? a. Marital problems b. Problems with children c. Drug problems d. Financial problems 27. A study on police depression revealed that ____________________ officers had higher levels of depression. a. female b. white c. Asian d. male 28. According to a study of 437 deputy-involved shootings that occurred in the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s

Department, suicide by cop incidents accounted for ____________________ percent of deputy-involved police shootings. a. less than 1 b. 11 c. 39 d. 59 29. Which of the following is not one of the three important features of an officer’s environment that can account

for an officer’s working personality, according to researchers Burbeck and Furnham? a. Rotating shifts of duty b. Danger c. Authority d. Isolation from the public 30. Which researcher conducted the classic study of the police subculture in Gary, Indiana? a. Jerome Skolnick b. Anthony Bouza c. William Westley d. James Q. Wilson

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Chap 06_9e 31. Which is not a trait of the police personality? a. Authoritarianism b. Suspicion c. Cynicism d. Liberalism 32. Which is not indicative of the police personality? a. Hostility b. Insecurity c. Cynicism d. Idealism 33. The stress produced by the daily need to confront the tragedies of urban life, such as the need to deal with

derelicts, criminals, and the mentally disturbed, and the need to engage in dangerous activity to protect a public that appears to be unappreciative of the police is classified as ____________. a. external stress b. organizational stress c. personal stress d. operational stress 34. Researchers say that the pressure of being on duty 24 hours a day leads to stress and that the police learn to

cope with that stress by _____________. a. brutalizing and denigrating citizens b. shirking their responsibilities c. becoming emotionally detached from their work and the people they are paid to serve d. engaging in illegal conduct 35. The stress produced by elements inherent in the quasi-military character of the police service, such as adjusting

to changing tours of duty, odd working hours, and working holidays, is classified as __________. a. external stress b. organizational stress c. personal stress d. operational stress 36. The Dirty Harry problem refers to ____________. a. the corruption problem in law enforcement b. the brutality problem in law enforcement c. the moral dilemma officers face when they can use evil means to achieve good ends d. the stress problem in policing

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Chap 06_9e 37. In a seminal 2004 article, Cross and Ashley assert that the police culture often makes

__________________appear as an accepted practice to promote camaraderie and interaction among officers, but it can evolve into a coping mechanism to camouflage daily stress and trauma. : a. drug use b. excessive exercise c. alcohol consumption d. bullying 38. The majority of recent studies have found that the law enforcement “working personality” stems from the

officer’s ___________. a. teenage years b. socialization process in the police academy, field training, and patrol experience c. early socialization experiences as a child d. inherent personality from birth 39. Which of the following does John Violanti offer as a factor that might explain the high rates of suicide among

police officers as a result of stress? a. Access to firearms b. Constantly being exposed to human misery c. Shift work, social strain, and marital difficulties d. All of the above.

40. Researchers estimate that ____________________ percent of all police officers have alcohol problems. a. less than 5 b. 10 to 15 c. 20 to 30 d. over 50 41. Which of the following is not one of the factors leading to stress in police work? a. Poor training b. Role conflict c. Exposure to brutality d. Early retirement 42. Stress produced by real threats and dangers, such as responding to gun runs and other dangerous assignments,

is classified as __________. a. external stress b. organizational stress c. personal stress d. operational stress Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 06_9e 43. A recent longitudinal study that showed officers becoming more cynical, paranoid, depressed, and angrier the

longer they were exposed to police work. Which of the following personality tests was used in that study?: a. PRCI b. Niederhoffer’s Personality Scale c. BPI d. MMPI 44. According to research, which subgroup was more likely to use constructive coping relating to stress? a. African-American males and African-American females b. White females and African-American females c. White males and African-American males d. White males and white females 45. The stress produced by the relational characteristics of belonging to the police organization, such as difficulties

in getting along with other officers, is classified as __________. a. external stress b. organizational stress c. personal stress d. operational stress 46. Which is not indicative of the police culture? a. Openness b. Clannishness c. Honor d. Individuality 47. Which of the following is not a job-related issue that contributes to family dysfunction in police families,

according to Ellen Scrivner? a. Family disruption due to rotating shifts b. Unpredictable work environment c. The constant exposure of police officers to members of the opposite gender d. Community expectations and demands 48. All of the following are examples of traits of the Police Personality except ___________. a. authoritarianism b. suspicion c. compassion d. cynicism

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Chap 06_9e 49. The attitude that there is no hope for the world and a view of humanity at its worst called __________. a. police social control b. police prejudice c. police attitude d. police cynicism 50. The refusal of some police officers to report fellow officers’ misconduct is called __________. a. the uniform code of silence b. the blue wall of silence c. the police omerta d. blue loyalty 51. According to research, compared to other professions, the police exhibit higher rates of _____. a. divorce b. suicide c. stress d. All of the above.

52. Dr. Neal Trautman proposes a solution to the problem of the Code of Silence with his ___________. a. Additional Training Regimen b. Basic Misconduct Survey Study c. Code of Silence Argument d. Code of Silence Antidote 53. A 1981 report by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights emphasized the need to provide

____________________ programs and services for police. a. physical fitness b. medical c. stress management d. in-service training 54. According to an FBI training needs survey of almost 2,500 police departments, which of the following ranked

highest in programs most requested by police officers? a. More firearms training b. Programs to handle personal stress and physical fitness programs c. Physical fitness programs and more firearms training d. Programs on how to deal in a less stressful manner with supervisors

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Chap 06_9e 55. A situation in which police officers only trust other police officers and do not aid in the investigation of

wrongdoing by other officers is called the ___________. a. red curtain b. blue curtain c. blue shield d. red shield Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

56. According to Jerome Skolnick, the police officer’s role contains two principal variables: danger and __________.

57. William Westley defined the situation in which police officers only trust other police officers and do not aid in the investigation of wrongdoing by other officers as the __________.

58. __________ is the body’s reaction to internal or external stimuli that upset the body’s normal state.

59. A study of the psychological effects of _________________ on involved officers revealed that the short-term effects of these incidents seem to entail the same psychological impacts experienced by officers involved in most critical incidents.

60. The solution to the code of silence as proposed by Dr. Neal Trautman is __________.

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Chap 06_9e 61. The body’s reaction to highly stressful situations is known as the __________ response.

62. The ethical problem in which police are confronted with situations in which they feel forced to take certain illegal actions to achieve a greater good is known as the __________ problem.

63. The phenomenon in which a person wishing to die deliberately places an officer in a life-threatening situation, causing the officer to use deadly force against that person, is known as __________.

64. The__________ is the protective barrier established by the police by which they protect one another from outsiders, often even refusing to aid police superiors or other law enforcement officials in investigating wrongdoing of other officers.

65. Michael K. Brown says that the police subculture is based on three major principles: honor, loyalty, and __________.

66. A group of people with distinct sets of values, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that differentiate them from the larger culture of which they are a part is called a(n) __________.

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Chap 06_9e 67. Why are police officers involved in a suicide by cop considered victims?

68. Discuss why police officers commit suicide at very high rates. Explain what can be done to lower this suicide rate.

69. Describe some methods police departments use to deal with stress.

70. Describe the police personality. Does police work attract people who already have this personality or do people develop these traits after becoming an officer?

71. What is the blue wall of silence? Do you believe this "wall" still exists? What can be done to break down the wall of silence?

72. What prevents personnel who observe warning signs of suicide in fellow officers from reporting their observations to a supervisor? What can police departments do to overcome these obstacles?

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Chap 06_9e 73. Discuss the killings of police officers. Why do you believe that officer killings occur? What can officers do to help prevent officer killings?

74. Describe the precautionary measures police officers should take during searches and other contacts with possible carriers of infectious diseases, and at crime scenes where blood and other body fluids may be present.

75. How does the danger inherent in police work influence the police subculture?

76. What is the Dirty Harry problem? Could you ever justify an officer acting the way Dirty Harry Callahan did?

Why or why not?

77. Discuss the signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and what departments can do to help address this problem.

78. Describe the four categories of stress that police officers face, including what causes each type of stress.

79. What job-related issues cause stress in police families, and what can police officers do to manage those issues?

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Chap 06_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. False 7. False 8. True 9. True 10. False 11. False 12. True 13. False 14. True 15. False 16. True 17. False 18. False 19. True 20. d 21. d 22. c 23. b 24. a 25. a 26. a

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Chap 06_9e 27. a 28. b 29. a 30. c 31. d 32. d 33. d 34. c 35. b 36. c 37. c 38. b 39. d 40. c 41. d 42. a 43. d 44. a 45. c 46. a 47. c 48. c 49. d 50. b 51. d 52. d 53. c 54. b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 06_9e 55. b 56. authority 57. blue curtain 58. Stress 59. suicide by cop 60. Code of Silence Antidote (COSA)

COSA (Code of Silence Antidote) Code of Silence Antidote COSA 61. flight-or-fight 62. Dirty Harry 63. suicide by cop 64. blue wall of silence (blue curtain)

blue curtain (blue wall of silence) blue wall of silence blue curtain 65. individuality 66. subculture 67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

70. Student responses will vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

74. Student responses will vary.

75. Student responses will vary.

76. Student responses will vary.

77. Student responses will vary.

78. Student responses will vary.

79. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 07_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Reverse discrimination is a label used to describe the preferential treatment minority groups and women receive under affirmative action. a. True b. False 2. Critics of affirmative action argue that selecting police officers based on their race and gender violates the 1964 Civil Rights Act. a. True b. False 3. In recent years, most states have adopted special job protections for gay workers. a. True b. False 4. The IACP believes the recruitment of women is an important issue for law enforcement today. a. True b. False 5. Academic research has shown that female officers are well received by the public. a. True b. False 6. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 covered hiring, promotion, compensation, dismissal, and all other terms or conditions of employment. a. True b. False 7. Police departments do not address workplace dating because of privacy concerns. a. True b. False 8. The Supreme Court decision in Ricci v. DeStefano (2009) held that invalidating the results of test because no members of a protected minority scored high enough to be considered for promotion violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. a. True b. False 9. In a 1995 case, a state police agency agreed to provide back pay to white male troopers who claimed they were unfairly passed over for promotions in favor of minority troopers. a. True b. False

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Chap 07_9e 10. The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration was created to provide legal counsel to minority officers regarding job discrimination. a. True b. False 11. Prior to the 1960s, African American police officers employed by the NYPD were assigned only to African American neighborhoods and were not assigned to specialized, high-profile units. a. True b. False 12. The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals issued standards to reduce job discrimination based on race, gender, and ethnicity. a. True b. False 13. The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders stated that discriminatory police employment practices did not contribute to the riots of the middle and late 1960s. a. True b. False 14. The first policewomen were working-class immigrants. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

15. The book Black in Blue found that black police officers suffered from a. double marginality. b. double taxability. c. singular marginality. d. all of these choices.

16. Which of the following was not one of the duties relegated to early female police officers? a. Issuing parking tickets b. Guarding female prisoners c. Performing routine clerical tasks d. Patrolling

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Chap 07_9e 17. Which of the following is not a reason for the recent disappearance of institutional discrimination against

African Americans in police departments, according to Stephen Leinen? a. Legal events of the civil rights era b. The urban riots of the 1960s c. Efforts of black police officer organizations d. Social and political events of the civil rights era 18. ____________________ agencies tend to lead the way with the employment of Asian Americans in law

enforcement. a. Texas b. California c. New York d. Arizona 19. The concept that employers must take active steps to ensure equal employment opportunity and to redress

past discrimination is called a. reverse discrimination. b. adverse impact. c. affirmative action. d. de facto opportunity.

20. Until the 1970s, it was presumed that women were not as capable of performing the same type of patrol duty

as men because a. of their gender and size. b. they could not testify in court. c. they were not good drivers. d. they would side with women in domestic disputes.

21. The 1971 Supreme Court case that established the concept that hiring requirements must be job related was a. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. b. Brown v. Mississippi. c. Griggs v. Duke Power Company. d. United States v. Paradise.

22. Some people believe that consent decrees are no longer necessary to increase the numbers of women in law

enforcement because a. the numbers of female police officers continue to increase. b. consent decrees don’t work. c. the percentage of women in law enforcement is a result of self-selection. d. the percentage of women in law enforcement equals the percentage of women in society.

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Chap 07_9e 23. Which of the following is not consistent with the findings of Professor Sean Grennan in his study of patrol

teams in New York City? a. There were no basic differences between the way males and females working as a patrol team reacted to violent confrontations. b. Female police officers, in most cases, were far more emotionally stable than their male counterparts. c. Female officers were more likely to calm a potentially violent situation. d. Female officers were more likely to suffer on-the-job injuries.

24. Kristen Leger found that there has been a growing acceptance by the public for ____________________ in

the law enforcement role. a. women b. Hispanics c. African Americans d. gay people 25. The Indianapolis Police Department assigned ____________________ and ____________________ to

patrol in 1968. They were the first females to be armed, wear a uniform, and drive a marked car on an equal basis with men. a. Lari Rollings; Jenny White b. Melissa Idol; Cynthia Lockhart c. Susan Smith; Jamie Wilson d. Betty Blankenship; Elizabeth Coffal 26. In 1910, which of the following cities appointed the first “officially designated” policewoman? a. Los Angeles b. Seattle c. New York d. Cleveland 27. Before the 1940s, no black police officers worked in the Deep South; they were eliminated from the hiring

process because they a. posed a threat to white supremacy. b. did not have a high school diploma. c. were involved in too many use-of-force issues. d. refused to work under white commanders.

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Chap 07_9e 28. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to prohibit job discrimination based on all but which of

the following? a. Race and color b. Sexual orientation c. National origin d. Gender 29. Strategies employed by successful female police officers to address workplace discrimination and harassment

include avoiding negativity, defining themselves according to their own views, and ____________________. a. blending in b. ignoring discriminating behavior c. taking formal action d. being task oriented 30. _______________ discrimination is the indirect result of policies or practices that are not intended to

discriminate but do, in fact, discriminate. a. De facto b. By-product c. Reverse d. Circumlocutory 31. The Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA) of 1972 a. expanded the jurisdiction and strengthened the powers of the Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission (EEOC). b. allowed employees of state and local governments to file employment discrimination suits with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). c. made the provisions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, including Title VII, applicable to state and local governments. d. all of these choices.

32. Which of the following terms refers to the simultaneous expectation by white officers that African American

officers will give members of their own race better treatment and hostility from members of the African American community who consider black officers to be traitors to their race? a. Double marginality b. De facto discrimination c. Adverse impact d. Reverse discrimination

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Chap 07_9e 33. A substantially different rate of selection resulting from hiring, promotion, and other employment decisions that

work to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, gender, or ethnic group is called a. reverse discrimination. b. reverse impact. c. cultural discrimination. d. adverse impact.

34. The academic studies of women on patrol indicate that women a. can perform patrol duties as well as men can. b. perform in a less satisfactory manner than men on patrol. c. perform as well as men on patrol but only when teamed with a male partner. d. usually do not want to work patrol.

35. According to a BJS report, in 2013, ____________________ percent of full-time local law enforcement

officers were African Americans. a. 27 b. 22.7 c. 12.2 d. l.8 36. The most prevalent form of discrimination has been a. separate job titles. b. disparate recruiting. c. de facto discrimination. d. standard discrimination.

37. One of the most controversial methods of ending job discrimination is a. reverse employment. b. affirmative action. c. de facto hiring. d. equal employment opportunity.

38. An agreement between parties in a court action before, and instead of, a decision by a judge is called a a. consent agreement. b. consent decree. c. lawsuit. d. modus operandi.

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Chap 07_9e 39. In the early 1900s, policewomen were often called ____________________ and were employed to bring

order and assistance to the lives of women and children. a. city mothers b. mother McCredies c. matrons d. mother superiors 40. The Supreme Court case that eliminated participation in criminal activity as a reason not to hire gays or to

discriminate against them was a. Bowers v. Hardwick. b. Lawrence v. Texas. c. Vanguard Justice Society v. Hughes. d. Mieth v. Dothard.

41. A study conducted by James David in Texas and Oklahoma revealed that arrest rates for men and women

police officers are a. almost identical. b. slightly higher for men. c. significantly higher for women. d. slightly higher for women.

42. Which of the following cities has actively recruited openly gay police officers and has a large number of openly

gay officers relative to the city’s population? a. San Francisco b. Milwaukee c. San Diego d. Key West 43. Which of the following is not one of the possible causes for the acceptance of women in police departments in

the late 1960s and early 1970s? a. The women’s rights movement b. Efforts by female officers to gain the right to perform patrol duty to achieve equality with male officers c. Pressure applied on behalf of women by the International Association of Chiefs of Police d. 1964 Civil Rights Act

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Chap 07_9e 44. According to the text, which of the following is not an example of discrimination against African American

police officers in the early 1900s? a. Only assigned to patrol black neighborhoods b. Were not allowed to arrest whites c. Establishment of job-related standards d. Chances of promotion to higher ranks were limited 45. Title ____________________ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to prohibit all job discrimination

based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. a. I b. III c. IV d. VII 46. What was the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Ricci v. DeStefano? a. The city’s decision to invalidate the promotion test violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. b. The city did not violate any constitutional protections. c. The city approved an invalid test due to disparate impact, so the court reversed the decision of the

district court. d. The city was in violation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 for discriminating against African American employees who took the promotion exam.

47. The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders stated that police departments a. examine the effects of reverse discrimination. b. examine their promotional policies. c. increase the visibility of women in their departments. d. set quotas for hiring minorities.

48. Which Constitutional Amendment is the primary instrument governing employment equality, as well as all

equality, in U.S. society? a. First Amendment b. Second Amendment c. Fourteenth Amendment d. Twenty-First Amendment 49. The first African American police officers were appointed in which of the following cities? a. Chicago b. New York c. New Orleans d. Miami Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 07_9e 50. Which act was established with the goal of assisting local governments in reducing the incidence of crime by

increasing the effectiveness, fairness, and coordination of law enforcement and the criminal justice system? a. Civil Rights Act of 1964 b. Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 c. Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 d. Civil Rights Act of 1991 Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

51. _____ is the unequal treatment of persons in personnel decisions (hiring, promotion, and firing) on the basis of their race, religion, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation.

52. If the majority of females fail a test while the vast majority of males pass it, that exam can be said to have a(n) __________ on females.

53. The job analysis must include the __________, __________, and abilities needed to perform the tasks of the job for which they are being tested.

54. The first important job discrimination case was __________.

55. Previous forms of physical ability testing for police jobs generally have been replaced by __________ tests.

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Chap 07_9e 56. __________________ is the simultaneous expectation by white officers that African American officers will give members of their own race better treatment and hostility that African American officers receive from the African American community because they are perceived as traitors to their race.

57. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited all job discrimination based on __________, __________, __________, __________, or __________

58. In __________, the court ruled that the Baltimore Police Department’s height requirement of 5 feet 7 inches was a prima facie case of sex discrimination.

59. The __________ was enacted with the goal of assisting local governments in reducing the incidence of crime by increasing the effectiveness, fairness, and coordination of law enforcement and the criminal justice system.

60. The __________ extended the 1964 Civil Rights Act and made its provisions applicable to state and local governments.

61. In the early days of female policing, women were normally used in only three actual police-related jobs. They were __________, __________, and __________.

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Chap 07_9e 62. The _______________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution governs employment equality in U.S. society.

63. Female police officers tend to use their brains and _____________ to deescalate potentially violent situations.

64. __________ is the indirect result of policies or practices that are not intended to discriminate but do, in fact, discriminate.

65. __________ means that employers must take active steps to ensure equal employment opportunity and to redress past discrimination.

66. A majority of ________ officers feel immigration issues should be handled by federal authorities.

67. One of the most disturbing concepts behind the affirmative action movement, and possibly the most disturbing concept to many, is the establishment of __________.

68. Discuss the concept of double marginality and how it affects Hispanic police officers.

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Chap 07_9e 69. Discuss differences and similarities in how male and female officers respond to domestic violence calls.

70. How have reverse discrimination court cases influenced affirmative action programs?

71. What challenges do police departments face in recruiting women and minorities, and what they are doing to address those challenges?

72. Describe the role the federal government played in removing equal employment opportunity barriers to women and minorities in policing.

73. How effective are women as patrol officers as compared to their male counterparts?

74. Detail the case of Griggs v. Duke Power Company and explain the impact that this case has had on police hiring.

75. Explain the importance of women and other minorities being promoted to high-ranking positions in U.S. police departments and the impact they can have in those positions.

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Chap 07_9e 76. Is the response of police departments to claims of discrimination by Muslim police officers appropriate? Why or why not?

77. How have affirmative action policies affected white males in hiring and promotional policies?

78. Describe how the role of female police officers has evolved from 1910 to the present.

79. Discuss the similarities and differences between how female and male police officers react to violent confrontations.

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Chap 07_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. True 7. False 8. True 9. True 10. False 11. True 12. True 13. False 14. False 15. a 16. d 17. b 18. b 19. c 20. a 21. c 22. c 23. d 24. a 25. d 26. a

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Chap 07_9e 27. a 28. b 29. c 30. a 31. d 32. a 33. d 34. a 35. c 36. c 37. b 38. b 39. a 40. b 41. a 42. d 43. c 44. c 45. d 46. a 47. b 48. c 49. c 50. b 51. Discrimination (Job discrimination)

Job discrimination (Discrimination) Discrimination Job discrimination 52. adverse impact Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 07_9e 53. knowledge; skills 54. Griggs v. Duke Power Company 55. physical agility 56. Double marginality 57. race, color, religion, sex, national origin (in any order) 58. Vanguard Justice Society v. Hughes 59. Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 60. Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 61. vice, juvenile work, guarding female prisoners 62. Fourteenth 63. communication skills 64. De facto discrimination 65. Affirmative action 66. Hispanic 67. quotas 68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

70. Answers vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

74. Student responses will vary.

75. Student responses will vary.

76. Student responses will vary.

77. Student responses will vary.

78. Student responses will vary.

79. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 08_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Officers known as "meat-eaters" take small bribes or relatively minor services offered by citizens seeking to avoid arrest or to get special police services. a. True b. False 2. Federal law enforcement agents rarely succumb to the temptation of corruption or misconduct. a. True b. False 3. Herman Goldstein has defined police corruption as “acts involving the misuse of authority by a police officer in a manner designed to produce personal gain for himself or others.” a. True b. False 4. Police officers who are assigned to internal affairs divisions are highly respected by other police officers in a department. a. True b. False 5. Police officers are allowed to use the level of force necessary to counter a suspect’s resistance and get the suspect to comply with a lawful order. a. True b. False 6. Police administrators will tell you that honesty is the most crucial trait in a police applicant and police officer. a. True b. False 7. The Knapp Commission’s investigation failed to recognize police corruption in New York City. a. True b. False 8. Polls asking respondents to rate the honesty and ethical standards of various occupations usually show that police receive a very negative rating. a. True b. False 9. Federal suits against police officers are known as 1983 suits, because they are based on Section 1983 of Title 42 of the U.S. Code (Civil Action for Deprivation of Civil Rights). a. True b. False

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Chap 08_9e 10. Police civil liability means that a police officer may be sued under civil law concepts such as negligence and torts. a. True b. False 11. Excessive force is a common reason for suing police officers. a. True b. False 12. The Lautenberg Act prohibits anyone convicted of a misdemeanor domestic violence offense from owning or using a firearm. a. True b. False 13. The number of Department of Justice investigations into civil rights issues in police and sheriffs' departments has dramatically declined in recent years. a. True b. False 14. The police subculture often works against the ethical precepts of police departments. a. True b. False 15. Today, most major cities have some type of citizen oversight to assist in the investigation of alleged police misconduct. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

16. ? Which is not a cause of police resistance to the use of civilian review boards? a. The police do not have the final say in what discipline, policies, and training the department will

implement. b. Citizen review boards allow people who know nothing about police work to make decisions for the department. c. Police realize the value of the citizen review process’s effect on public perception of the department. d. The board can duplicate the work of internal affairs and cause unnecessary expense and time to the community.

17. The 193l National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement was more popularly known as the

___________. a. Kerner Commission b. Volmer Commission c. Wickersham Commission d. Kefauver Commission Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 08_9e 18. Any police-initiated activity that relies on a person’s race or ethnic background as a basis for suspicion in

involvement in criminal activity is called ___________. a. noble cause policing b. situational stereotype policing c. biased-based policing d. dispositional policing 19. What is the first step in testing a rookie officer’s loyalty to the group that models the academy’s psychological

preparation and early socialization with fellow officers?? a. Free meals b. Loyalty backup c. Flaking drugs t d. Miami test 20. Many departments today rely on units described as “professional standards” units, “compliance” units, or

“integrity” units as a major resource to combat corruption. These are other names for _________. a. programs created to increase the number of superior officers in departments b. civilian complaint review boards c. internal affairs divisions d. units created to provide greater liaison with district attorney offices 21. The first national commission to discuss police brutality was the ___________. a. Knapp Commission b. Wickersham Commission c. Presidential Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice d. National Commission on Causes and Prevention of Police Brutality 22. The New York City plainclothes officer whose revelations about police corruption led to the legendary Knapp

Commission was ___________. a. Philip Mass b. Patrick V. Murphy c. Ernest Verdeschi d. Frank Serpico

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Chap 08_9e 23. Which of the following is an example of the ethical standards established to determine how police officers

should act? a. Organizational value systems or codes of ethics designed to educate and guide the behavior of those who work in the organization b. The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics c. An oath of office d. All of the above.

24. Noble cause corruption is also known as ____________. a. Dirty Harry syndrome b. blue line crossing c. blue corruption d. meat-eating 25. Early warning systems typically use ____________________ to flag officers who may be prone to problems

when interacting with the public. a. first-line superiors b. field training sergeants c. computer programs d. citizen review boards 26. Which of the following is an example of police corruption? a. A police officer receives $15 from a driver for not giving him or her a summons for speeding. b. A police officer receives sexual favors from a driver for not giving him or her a summons for speeding. c. An off-duty police officer escorts a drug dealer as he or she delivers illegal drugs to customers and

receives $100 per delivery. d. All of the above.

27. Officers may be subject to federal liability under the following ___________. a. U.S. Code Title 42 Section 1199 b. U.S. Code Title 42 Section 1983 c. U.S. Code Title 42 Section 2315 d. U.S. Code Title 42 Section 1700 28. Which of the following is an example of the standards governing police ethics? a. U.S. Constitution b. Bill of Rights c. Case law as determined by appellate courts and the U.S. Supreme Court d. All of the above.

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Chap 08_9e 29. What is the most prevalent type of corruption in law enforcement today? a. “Rotten apples” b. Biased-based policing c. Police deception d. Noble cause corruption 30. Jerome Skolnick wrote that police deception usually occurs at three stages of the police detection process.

Which of the following is not one of those stages? a. Investigation b. Arrest c. Interrogation d. Testimony in court 31. In a 2016 Gallup poll, when asked to rate the standards of various occupations, ____________________

percent of respondents rated the police either very high or high in honesty and ethical standards. a. 12 b. 42 c. 58 d. 91 32. In the case of ____________________, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that to be liable, police departments

must be deliberately indifferent to the needs of the people with whom police come in contact. a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Terry v. Ohio c. Lawrence v. Texas d. Canton v. Harris 33. The Greek philosopher who wrote the classic Nicomachean Ethics was ___________. a. Aristotle b. Plato c. Socrates d. Onassis 34. What was the end result of the arrest of Henry Louis Gates, Jr. (a Harvard University scholar) by a

Cambridge, Massachusetts, police sergeant? a. The police sergeant was convicted of a civil rights violation. b. Gates was convicted of burglary. c. Both Gates and the police sergeant were convicted of state crimes. d. The charges were dropped against Gates and a meeting took place between the sergeant, the president of the United States, and Gates.

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Chap 08_9e 35. Police officers who participate in more passive types of police corruption are referred to as _________. a. meat-eaters b. grass-eaters c. dirt-eaters d. bug-eaters 36. Section 1983 of Title 42 of the U.S. Code was originally enacted by Congress as a means of enforcing the

____________________ Amendment guarantee of rights to the newly freed slaves. a. Fourth b. Fifth c. Tenth d. Fourteenth 37. The Knapp Commission was a(n) ____________________ commission. a. international b. federal c. state d. local 38. The most dangerous aspect of the “rotten apple” theory of police corruption is that police commanders

______. a. think that only one or a few officers are corrupt b. don’t take strong proactive measures to eradicate corruption throughout the department or precinct c. consider small discounts or freebies to officers from local businesses is acceptable d. only arrest one or a few corrupt officers as an example to the other officers 39. : Which of the following is an example of biased-based policing? a. The term “driving while black” b. Using ethnicity or race as the determining factor for stopping and searching individuals c. Racial profiling d. All of the above.

40. The police code of silence is often referred to as the blue curtain or __________. a. red curtain b. blue shop c. blue wall d. blue sky

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Chap 08_9e 41. Police testimony that narcotics found on the ground were dropped by persons they arrested has been called

______. a. dropsy testimony b. fallen testimony c. on-the-ground testimony d. All of the above.

42. Officers who participate in more aggressive types of corruption by seeking out and taking advantage of

opportunities for corruption are called ___________. a. meat-eaters b. grass-eaters c. dirt-eaters d. tree-eaters 43. Which of the following is not an argument in favor of citizen review? a. It improves public trust and confidence in law enforcement. b. A citizen review board can monitor and review departmental policies that lead to citizen complaints. c. It will make police officers more aggressive in enforcing the law. d. A citizen review board can provide an independent evaluation of citizen complaints.

44. When excessive force is used with the public and there is a significant disparity between the level of

compliance by the person and the level of force used by the officer, the use of force is considered to be ______. a. police misconduct b. police malfeasance c. police mistreatment d. police brutality 45. According to Rolando v. del Carmen a major source of police legal liability is all of the following except

__________. a. moral liabilities b. civil liabilities c. criminal liabilities d. administrative liabilities 46. Today, ____________________ of the major U.S. cities have some form of citizen oversight in place. a. a few b. about half c. none d. most Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 08_9e 47. Which of the following has been proposed as a solution to police brutality? a. Improved training b. Better screening of applicants c. Citizen review d. All of the above.

48. ____________________ is an administrative action coordinated through the state police standards

organization that will determine if cause exists to strip an officer of his or her state certification to be a police officer. a. Certification suspension b. Interstate certification c. Background certification d. Decertification 49. What commission was formed to investigate New York City police corruption in the 1990s? a. Knapp Commission b. Mollen Commission c. Wickersham Commission d. Watson Commission 50. What stems from ends-oriented policing and involves police officers bending the rules to achieve the “right”

goal of putting a criminal in jail? a. “Rotten apple” corruption b. Biased-based policing c. Police deception d. Noble cause corruption 51. Police officers who violate a person’s civil rights by unlawfully searching or detaining them can be sued under

what law? a. Title 42 U.S.C. Section 1983 b. Federal Interstate Compact c. Civil Rights Act of 1965 d. Civil Rights Act of 1991 52. A tort is a ___________. a. felony case b. misdemeanor case c. criminal wrong d. private wrong

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Chap 08_9e 53. The Knapp Commission was created __________. a. because an incident in which police used excessive force was caught on tape b. in response to a series of articles in the New York Times detailing widespread corruption c. after a city councilperson’s son was illegally detained and searched d. due to a political mandate by a newly elected governor Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

54. __________ is concerned with the study of what constitutes right and wrong behavior in certain situations.

55. The most notable commission established to investigate allegations of police corruption was the __________ Commission in New York City in 1970.

56. The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders is commonly referred to as the __________Commission.

57. __________ is defined as the study of what constitutes good or bad conduct.

58. __________ is the process by which the actions of the police in such areas as arrests, search and seizure, and custodial interrogation are reviewed by the court system to ensure their constitutionality.

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Chap 08_9e 59. In the 1990s, the __________investigated and uncovered some serious corruption among officers serving in New York City.

60. The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement is more popularly known as the __________ Commission.

61. The U.S. Supreme Court decision in __________requires prosecutors to notify defense attorneys whenever an officer involved in their case has a record of knowingly lying in an official capacity.

62. Units within police departments that “police the police” are called __________.

63. __________ are the rather broad moral principles that govern all conduct.

64. Investigations in which investigators provide opportunities for officers to commit illegal acts are called __________ or __________.

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Chap 08_9e 65. A 1996 federal law (18 U.S.C. 925), widely referred to as the __________Act, prohibits anyone convicted of a misdemeanor domestic violence offense from owning or using a firearm.

66. Discuss the pros and cons of civilian review boards.

67. Does the constant review of the police by the judicial system, media, and public have the desired effect of preventing corruption? Why or why not?

68. Explain how training is being used to prevent police corruption.

69. Discuss the problem of police deception and give some reasons why police officers may be tempted to engage in deception.

70. Explain why police officers and administrators view settling lawsuits as an ethical issue.

71. What is implicit bias and how does it factor into police brutality?

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Chap 08_9e 72. Explain how the blue wall of silence contributes to police corruption.

73. Do you support the use of body cameras by police officers? Why or why not?

74. Why is there no such thing as minor unethical behavior?

75. Explain why it is important for police officers to study ethics.

76. Explain how the perception of bias-based policing can affect police–community relations.

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Chap 08_9e Answer Key 1. False 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. True 7. False 8. False 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. True 13. False 14. True 15. True 16. c 17. c 18. c 19. a 20. c 21. b 22. d 23. d 24. a 25. c 26. d

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Chap 08_9e 27. b 28. d 29. d 30. b 31. c 32. d 33. a 34. d 35. b 36. d 37. d 38. b 39. d 40. c 41. a 42. a 43. c 44. d 45. a 46. d 47. d 48. d 49. b 50. d 51. a 52. d 53. b 54. Applied ethics Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 08_9e 55. Knapp 56. Kerner 57. Ethics 58. Judicial review 59. Mollen Commission 60. Wickersham 61. Brady v. Maryland 62. internal affairs divisions 63. Basic ethics 64. proactive investigations; integrity tests

integrity tests; proactive investigations 65. Lautenberg 66. Student responses will vary.

67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

70. Student responses will vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

74. Student responses will vary.

75. Student responses will vary.

76. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 09_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. The Kansas City study indicated that our traditional three cornerstones of policing might not be the most effective way to do police work. a. True b. False 2. The Kansas City study demonstrated that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made no difference within the community. a. True b. False 3. Police officers are never allowed to use potentially deadly force (e.g., ramming a vehicle) to end a high-speed chase of a suspect, even if the suspect’s actions risk the safety of other drivers and pedestrians. a. True b. False 4. A specific type of saturation patrol is a crackdown, which generally targets a specific violation of the law, such as a traffic violation. a. True b. False 5. According to research, red light cameras that target traffic violators seem to reduce the occurrence of traffic violations at that location. a. True b. False 6. The premise of smart policing is that agencies themselves are in the best position to know their specific crime problems. a. True b. False 7. Police departments are restricting the use of pursuits and using alternative methods to catch the individuals who attempt to elude police officers. a. True b. False 8. The Newark foot patrol study concluded that foot patrols do not make citizens feel safer. a. True b. False 9. Decoy operations involve using occupied vehicles in strategic locations to give the perception of omnipresence. a. True b. False

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Chap 09_9e 10. Data on what occurs when an officer encounters a citizen—when the officer is either on an assignment from the dispatcher or on self-initiated activities—can best be retrieved from researcher observations. a. True b. False 11. One of the newest forms of aggressive driving known to post a public safety threat is motorcycle swarms. a. True b. False 12. Research during the past 20 years has pointed out that we can depend on television portrayals for realistic examples of police work. a. True b. False 13. Typically, the larger urban departments such as New York, Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles have deployed two-officer cars, and most suburban and rural departments prefer one-officer cars. a. True b. False 14. Distracted drivers are able to multi-task effectively while driving. a. True b. False 15. Predictive policing involves linking data and clues to potential suspects or victims by identify at-risk groups, individuals, and locations. a. True b. False 16. According to Jonathan Adkins, the next big issue in highway safety is speed enforcement. a. True b. False 17. At the conclusion of the Kansas City study, everyone in the community knew that an experiment regarding policing had been conducted in his or her community. a. True b. False 18. It is impossible to conduct a controlled experiment to study the effectiveness of certain types of police patrol. a. True b. False 19. Rapid response to 911 calls works better in discovery crimes than in involvement crimes. a. True b. False

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Chap 09_9e Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

20. Academic studies regarding response time indicate that ____________. a. citizens generally cannot or do not report crimes immediately b. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within two minutes of the call c. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within five minutes of the call d. rapid response is most important in discovery crimes 21. During what decade did the foot patrol return to policing? a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s 22. Random patrol is commonly believed by police administration to create a sense of ________. a. semipresence b. omnipresence c. nonpresence d. None of the above.

23. In 2003, nearly all police departments had pursuit policies, and ____________________ percent of local

police agencies had restrictive pursuit policies. a. 12 b. 16 c. 37 d. 61 24. The most important and visible part of police work to the public is/are ____________________. a. detective operations b. public appearances by the police chief c. patrol d. crime prevention 25. A successful example of a directed patrol program that achieved positive results was the

____________________ gun experiment. a. Kansas City, Missouri b. Los Angeles, California c. Houston, Texas d. Detroit, Michigan

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Chap 09_9e 26. In the proactive group in the Kansas City study, the police presence was __________. a. doubled or tripled b. eliminated c. reduced d. increased 10 times 27. A thorough study conducted in Newark regarding foot patrols concluded that adding foot patrol _____. a. increased crime b. decreased crime c. had no effect on crime d. decreased crime when foot patrol was added only in the business district 28. In effect, the Kansas City study failed to demonstrate that adding or taking away police patrols from an area

made any difference within the ___________. a. community b. control group c. police department d. experimental group 29. The calls radioed to patrol officers, or assignments given to police patrol units by 911 dispatchers, reveal the

types of problems for which people call the police and the types of problems ___________. a. the police feel deserve a response by patrol units b. that are important to administration c. encountered by citizens daily d. that the local government wants handled 30. During what decade was the efficiency of foot patrols challenged? a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s 31. The aggressive saturation patrol operation in Washington, D.C., run by Chief Cathy Lanier is called _____. a. Operation ICE b. Operation Delta c. Operation Alpha d. All Hands on Deck

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Chap 09_9e 32. One of the authors of the classic text Police Administration was _________. a. George Herman Ruth b. Patrick V. Murphy c. O. W. Wilson d. James Q. Wilson 33. Which of the following is not one of the goals of patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack? a. Increased traffic citations b. Providing sense of community security c. Crime prevention and deterrence d. Recovery of stolen property 34. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s distracted driving educational slogan is _______. a. “Text Today—Jail Tomorrow” b. “TWD = Ticket” c. “One text or call could wreck it all.” d. “Drive—Pull over—Text” 35. Which of the following was not one of the beats established in the Kansas City study? a. Reactive b. Proactive c. Control group d. Variable testing group 36. A ____________________ system allows nonemergency calls to be redirected or referred to other agencies. a. 311 b. 411 c. 511 d. 611 37. Which of the following are the two major methods of patrol deployment? a. Motorized patrol and foot patrol b. Crime patrol and bicycle patrol c. Bicycle patrol and motorized patrol d. Bicycle patrol and foot patrol

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Chap 09_9e 38. In differential response to calls for service, responses to citizens’ calls to 911 are matched to the type and

____________________ of the calls. a. severity b. location c. numerical order d. time of day 39. Which of the following does not describe the typical police pursuit, as studied by the California Highway

Patrol? a. It occurs during the day. b. It starts as a traffic violation. c. It ends without an accident 70 percent of the time. d. It covers only a mile or so.

40. Most departments utilize __________. a. a take-home car program b. person-owned vehicles (POVs) c. fleet vehicles d. preowned vehicles 41. Departments that ____________________ may benefit most from differential response. a. suffer from financial difficulties that make it hard to hire more officers b. have more than 100 officers c. have fewer than 50 officers d. are located in rural areas with few officers to cover a large amount of territory 42. According to the California Highway Patrol study, the most prevalent reason drivers fail to stop during a high-

speed pursuit is ___________. a. the driver is in a stolen vehicle b. the driver wants to avoid a DWI or drug arrest c. the driver wants to avoid a traffic ticket d. the driver is afraid of or dislikes the police or enjoys the excitement of a chase 43. What agency is usually held up as a model for dealing with the mentally ill, due to its combined CIT and co-

responder program? a. Seattle Police Department b. San Francisco Police Department c. Houston Police Department d. Charleston Police Department

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Chap 09_9e 44. Who coined the term omnipresence? a. James J. Fyfe b. O. W. Wilson c. Patrick V. Murphy d. James Q. Murphy 45. When researchers examined the reinstitution of foot patrol in Newark and Flint, they arrived at the conclusion

that when foot patrol is added in neighborhoods _____. a. levels of fear decrease significantly b. levels of fear increase significantly c. levels of fear remain the same d. the police who patrol on foot have less job satisfaction, more fear, and lower morale than do officers who patrol in automobiles 46. Officers who patrol specific locations at specific times to address a specific crime problem are called

____________________ patrol. a. split-force b. task force c. routine d. directed 47. The Kansas City study occurred in the ________. a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1950s 48. The police department’s generalist is the _________. a. detective b. patrol officer c. sergeant d. chief 49. ____________________ patrol is a solution to the problem of directed patrol units often getting interrupted

by calls for service, which can affect the performance of their assignments. a. Routine b. Task force c. Split-force d. Foot

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Chap 09_9e 50. ____________________ is/are the most expensive part of a police department’s budget. a. Fuel costs b. Equipment c. Personnel d. Liability insurance 51. Which of the following is not one of the basic components of response time? a. Time between the crime and the call to the police b. Time required for the police to process the call c. Travel time from receipt of the call to arrival at the scene d. Time it takes for the perpetrator to flee the scene 52. Which of the following is a functional category of routine patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack? a. Calls for service b. Preventative patrol c. Administrative tasks d. All of the above 53. Agencies that cover a large geographical area, such as sheriff’s departments and state patrols, utilize _______. a. a take-home car program b. person-owned vehicles (POVs) c. fleet vehicles d. preowned vehicles 54. Who is the author of the classic Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in

Eight Communities? a. James Q. Wilson b. June Nelson c. Anthony Bouza d. Ernest Verdeschi 55. Which of the following is not one of the three traditional ways police work is done in the United States? a. Retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives b. Random routine patrol c. Proactive investigations d. Rapid response to calls by citizens to 911

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Chap 09_9e Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

56. The impression of always being there is called __________.

57. Police special weapons and tactical teams are popularly known as __________.

58. Prior to the 1970s, much of what we knew about police patrol was written by __________.

59. __________ is a method of deploying police officers that gives them responsibility for all policing activity by requiring them to walk around a defined geographic area.

60. __________ is the backbone of policing.

61. The two basic kinds of tactical operations are __________ patrol tactics and __________ patrol.

62. We will always need some type of rapid police response to citizens’ calls to 911, even though we have to realize that a __________ response is highly unrealistic.

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Chap 09_9e 63. A method in which the patrol force is split and half respond to calls for service and the other half performs directed patrol activities is called __________ patrol.

64. Smart911 allows individuals to voluntarily _____________ their phone numbers and enter associated personal, medical, and disability information into a secure website.

65. The__________ telephone system allows police departments to call citizens in the entire jurisdiction or in a particular neighborhood to disseminate emergency information to residents.

66. Using available scientific research to implement crime-fighting strategies and department policies is called __________ policing.

67. The classic study of random routine patrol was the __________ study.

68. _______________ is a new and dangerous prank that has become more prevalent in recent years.

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Chap 09_9e 69. Did the advantages of motor patrols versus foot patrols outweigh the disadvantages? Why or why not?

70. What have studies shown about the variables affecting rapid response time and the value of rapid police response to citizens’ calls to 911?

71. Discuss the pros and cons of predictive policing, including its potential biases.

72. Discuss the pros and cons of police departments using fleet vehicles for patrol versus issuing each officer a personal vehicle.

73. Explain the concept of differential response to calls for service and how it can benefit police departments.

74. Should police officers patrol by themselves or in pairs? Why?

75. Discuss the challenges researchers face in designing experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of police work and their potential impact on the communities being studied.

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Chap 09_9e 76. Describe strategies police departments are using to more effectively respond to calls involving the mentally ill.

77. Explain what swatting is and how it affects police officers and the public.

78. How did the Kansas City study affect the prevailing views of random routine patrol?

79. What are the main goals of patrol and how do they relate to the concept of omnipresence?

80. Describe the three cornerstones of traditional police work and how they influence the daily activities of the average U.S. police officer.

81. Explain why the increasing legalization of marijuana across the country is the next big issue in highway safety.

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Chap 09_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. True 11. True 12. False 13. True 14. False 15. True 16. False 17. False 18. False 19. False 20. a 21. c 22. b 23. d 24. c 25. a 26. a

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Chap 09_9e 27. c 28. a 29. a 30. a 31. d 32. c 33. a 34. c 35. d 36. a 37. a 38. a 39. a 40. c 41. a 42. d 43. c 44. b 45. a 46. d 47. b 48. b 49. c 50. c 51. d 52. d 53. a 54. a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 09_9e 55. c 56. omnipresence 57. SWAT 58. O. W. Wilson 59. Foot patrol 60. Patrol 61. aggressive; saturation 62. one- to two-minute 63. split-force 64. register 65. reverse 911 66. evidence-based 67. Kansas City 68. Swatting 69. Student responses will vary.

70. Student responses will vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

74. Student responses will vary.

75. Student responses will vary.

76. Student responses will vary.

77. Student responses will vary.

78. Student responses will vary.

79. Student responses will vary.

80. Student responses will vary.

81. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 10_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Sting operations targeting lewd behavior have often been used around the country, particularly in parks and areas frequented by children. a. True b. False 2. Cybercrime trends change regularly and quickly, which can make them difficult for law enforcement to keep up with. a. True b. False 3. One of the ways detectives use to solve cold cases is DNA analysis. a. True b. False 4. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the use of multiagency investigative task forces. a. True b. False 5. The single most important determinant of whether or not a crime is solved is the quality of work performed by the detectives. a. True b. False 6. Repeat offender programs (ROPs) are based on the fact that only a few criminals are responsible for most of the predatory street crime in the United States. a. True b. False 7. In smaller departments, detectives tend to be generalists. a. True b. False 8. Undercover investigations are rarely used by federal law enforcement agencies. a. True b. False 9. The WashACT serves as a model nationwide in conducting training in the area of human trafficking. a. True b. False 10. Crime analysis goes hand-in-hand with community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing. a. True b. False

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Chap 10_9e 11. Jacobson v. United States is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case related to entrapment. a. True b. False 12. In a Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) program, patrol officers play very limited roles in the investigation of past crimes. a. True b. False 13. Decoy operations are most effective for combating the crimes of robbery, purse snatching, and other larcenies from the person; burglaries; and thefts of and from automobiles. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

14. The Rand study was called ____________________. a. The Criminal Investigation Process b. Today’s Criminal Investigators c. Patrolling the Streets d. Crime in America 15. The MCI program is designed to put most of an investigator’s time and effort into __________. a. all misdemeanors that have a chance to be solved b. only very important cases and cases that actually can be solved c. only cases in which the complainant agrees to cooperate d. None of these choices.

16. Entrapment is a(n) ____________________ defense. a. perfect b. good faith c. equitable d. affirmative 17. Nationally, police are only able to clear ____________________ percent of all property crimes reported to

them. a. 19 b. 46 c. 65 d. 87

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Chap 10_9e 18. An investigative unit that reexamines old cases that have remained unsolved is called a _____________. a. special acquired-technique squad (SATS) b. hot-case squad c. cold-case squad d. geriatric unit 19. The use of analytical methods to obtain pertinent information on crime patterns and trends that can then be

disseminated to officers on the street is called ____________________. a. criminal profiling b. CompStat c. crime mapping d. crime analysis 20. Marvin Wolfgang discovered that most predatory street crime in the United States is committed by

__________. a. only a few criminals b. convicted felons c. sex offenders d. individuals under the influence of drugs 21. The single most important determinant of whether or not a case will be solved is the information the victim

supplies to the ____________________. a. detective b. immediately responding patrol officer c. dispatcher d. supervisor 22. When Mark Willman and John Snortum duplicated the Rand and PERF findings in a study of detective work

in 1984, they found that in cases reported to a suburban police department, most cases that were solved when ______. a. the victim identified the perpetrator in a photo line-up b. the perpetrator was identified as a “person of interest” c. the perpetrator confessed d. the perpetrator was identified at the scene of the crime 23. The case of Carlie Brucia was solved in part due to ___________. a. testimonial evidence of her sister b. the use of surveillance cameras c. the use of DNA analysis d. the implementation of a GPS tracking system Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 10_9e 24. Programs concentrating investigative resources on career criminals are called ____________. a. targeting programs b. proactive programs c. repeat offender programs d. anti–career criminal programs 25. Nationally, police are able to clear only____________________ percent of all violent crimes reported to

them. a. 16.5 b. 46.0 c. 65.8 d. 87.1 26. Which of the following state is considered the "epicenter" of the prescription fraud drug trade? a. Florida b. Colorado c. California d. New York 27. Which of the following is a solvability factor in the MCI program? a. Is there a witness? b. Is a suspect named or known? c. Will the complainant cooperate? d. All of these choices.

28. During the 1990s, the crime rates across the country __________. a. went up in aggregate b. went down at an unprecedented rate c. remained constant d. went up for some crimes and down for others 29. A study by Florida State University released in 2006 found that offenders tracked by GPS were

____________________ percent less likely to abscond or reoffend than those not monitored. a. 26 b. 49 c. 70 d. 90

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Chap 10_9e 30. ____________________ are effective in cases in which the police receive a tip that a crime is going to occur

in a commercial establishment or in which the police discover or come upon a pattern. a. Stings b. Stakeouts c. Decoys d. Inventories 31. The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that detectives

should be assigned only to preliminary investigations of ____________. a. misdemeanors b. crimes of violence c. very serious or complex preliminary investigations d. All of these choices.

32. What system has greatly improved the surveillance of sex offenders? a. Johansen system b. Adult monitoring system (AMS) c. Probation positioning enhancement system (PPES) d. Global positioning system (GPS) 33. One of the primary purposes of police patrol is to prevent crime by creating a sense of ___________. a. security b. omniscience c. omnipresence d. community awareness 34. The idea that detective work is glamorous, exciting, and dangerous, as it is depicted in the movies and on

television, is called the ___________. a. detective mystique b. detective role c. detective model d. detective initiative 35. Dressing as and playing the role of a potential crime victim is known as ________. a. a decoy operation b. an envoy operation c. a convoy operation d. targeting

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Chap 10_9e 36. Prior to the Rand study, it was common for police departments to have policies and procedures in place that

emphasized __________. a. proactive investigations by detectives of future crime b. follow-up investigations by patrol officers of past crimes c. retroactive investigations by detectives of past crimes d. cold-case investigations 37. Plainclothes officers’ efforts to blend into an area and attempt to catch a criminal are called ______. a. coercing b. blending c. shadowing d. marking 38. The Rand report said that half of all detectives could be replaced without negatively influencing

____________. a. recidivism reduction b. crime clearance rates c. offender rehabilitation d. undercover programs 39. Detectives in a decentralized squad are considered ____________________. a. specialists b. generalists c. in field training d. felony-only detectives 40. In a case enhancement program, detectives ___________. a. debrief suspects to obtain further information b. assist arresting officers in preparing a case for court c. engage in liaison with the district attorney d. All of these choices.

41. Decoy operations are most effective in detecting and arresting all of the following except ____________. a. robbers b. purse snatchers c. persons committing larcenies from autos d. murderers

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Chap 10_9e 42. The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that

____________________ should be directed to conduct thorough preliminary investigations. a. detectives b. supervisors c. nonsworn personnel d. patrol officers 43. The MCI program involves all of the following except ______________. a. case screening b. solvability factors c. case enhancement d. enhanced patrol techniques 44. The investigative process begins with ___________. a. a call to 911 b. assignment by the sergeant c. a citizen complaint d. the patrol officer 45. A legal defense that holds that police originated the criminal idea or initiated the criminal action is called

___________. a. civil code b. entrapment c. police solicitation d. entanglement 46. The vast majority of all arrests are made _________. a. at the scene of the crime b. within 48 hours c. within 2 weeks d. within 1 month 47. Detectives in a centralized squad are considered ____________________. a. specialists b. generalists c. in field training d. felony-only detectives

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Chap 10_9e Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

48. __________ operations are undercover police operations in which police officers pose as criminals to arrest law violators; for example, sting operations might be used to apprehend thieves and recover stolen property.

49. A(n) __________ is the hidden surveillance of a location or person; for example, a group of heavily armed officers might hide in an area of a store or building to wait for an impending holdup.

50. In __________ operations, officers dressed in civilian clothes try to intermingle into an area and patrol it on foot or in unmarked police cars in an attempt to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime.

51. Police and business owners are now posting videos on the __________ website to allow the public to see suspected criminals.

52. Inducing an individual to commit a crime he or she did not contemplate for the sole purpose of instituting an arrest and criminal prosecution against the offender is called __________.

53. __________ are responsible for the vast majority of all arrests.

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Chap 10_9e 54. ROPs concentrate on __________

55. A covert investigation in which an investigator assumes a different identity to obtain information or achieve another investigatory purpose is called a(n) ____________________ investigation.

56. The advances of __________technology have led to the increase in the use of cold-case squads to solve crimes.

57. In __________ operations, officers dress as, and play the role of, potential victims—drunks, nurses, business people, tourists, prostitutes, blind people, isolated subway riders, and the like.

58. The Rand study of the investigative process resulted in a proposal regarding a more effective way to investigate past crimes. The program outlined in this proposal is called __________.

59. Law enforcement is posting surveillance video on ___________ to assist their investigations in identifying suspects.

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Chap 10_9e 60. The two basic types of decoy operations are __________ and __________.

61. The __________is an operation in which an undercover police officer purchases drugs from a subject, and then leaves the scene and contacts the backup team, which responds and arrests the seller.

62. Detail the pros and cons of sting operations.

63. Why are mentoring programs important to police departments?

64. What are solvability factors and how has using them changed investigations?

65. Discuss the Rand and PERF studies and what they found about the effectiveness of detectives in solving crimes.

66. What criteria do investigators use to identify high-rate dangerous offenders?

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Chap 10_9e 67. Explain the differences and similarities between the detective’s role in decentralized and centralized departments.

68. Discuss the tasks to be completed in a preliminary investigation, including who is responsible for those tasks.

69. Describe the three general methods used to conduct drug undercover investigations.

70. Discuss the concept of modus operandi and how the process of identifying it has evolved.

71. What is entrapment and how does it affect undercover operations?

72. Discuss how the increased use of smartphones and social media has changed police investigations.

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Chap 10_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. False 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. False 13. True 14. a 15. b 16. d 17. a 18. c 19. d 20. a 21. b 22. d 23. b 24. c 25. b 26. a

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Chap 10_9e 27. d 28. b 29. d 30. b 31. c 32. d 33. c 34. a 35. a 36. c 37. b 38. b 39. b 40. d 41. d 42. d 43. d 44. d 45. b 46. a 47. a 48. Sting 49. stakeout 50. blending 51. YouTube 52. entrapment 53. Patrol officers 54. repeat offenders (career criminals) Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 10_9e 55. undercover 56. DNA 57. decoy 58. Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) 59. YouTube 60. blending, decoy (in any order) 61. buy-bust 62. Student responses will vary.

63. Student responses will vary.

64. Student responses will vary.

65. Student responses will vary.

66. Student responses will vary.

67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

70. Student responses will vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 11_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Given the difficult job the police have, it is easier for them to perform their duties if they have the support of the public. a. True b. False 2. Police chaplain volunteers serve as liaisons with various religious institutions in the community. a. True b. False 3. Studies involving DARE programs have established that they are totally effective in preventing young people from experimenting with drugs and alcohol. a. True b. False 4. None of the cities in the United States have made any special efforts to recruit members of the gay community for police jobs. a. True b. False 5. Men are the most common victims of domestic violence. a. True b. False 6. The DARE program has received mixed reviews, and some departments have cut their programs, especially in these tight budget years. a. True b. False 7. Triad programs are focused on senior citizens. a. True b. False 8. Federal law requires police officers to investigate the immigration status of suspects on all calls and to report persons who are in this country illegally. a. True b. False 9. According to the author, the police–community relations (PCR) movement had a tremendous effect on the philosophy and culture of most police departments. a. True b. False

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Chap 11_9e 10. Social media played a significant part in the Boston Marathon bombings investigation. a. True b. False 11. Public opinion polls have revealed that most citizens have a very poor image of the police. a. True b. False 12. The terms racial profiling and driving while black have become commonplace. a. True b. False 13. The Police Explorer program is aimed at senior citizens. a. True b. False 14. Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT) help police act in the event of an emergency or disaster. a. True b. False 15. One of the most significant problems facing the police over the past three decades has been the tension, and often outright hostility, between the police and minority group citizens. a. True b. False 16. One of the community crime prevention programs includes Crime Stoppers. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

17. Recently, social media has played a valuable role in the crime fight as well as _____ between the police

departments and their clients. a. catching criminals b. crime suppression programs c. government intrusion d. building relationships 18. The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice reported in 1967 that police

relations with minority groups had __________. a. sunk to explosively low levels b. improved somewhat over the years c. improved significantly over the years d. remained the same Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 11_9e 19. A well-rounded chaplain program will attempt to have representatives from _____ religious groups. a. all local b. Christian c. two main d. nondenominational 20. Non-police who volunteer to walk the streets or drive around in cars to alert police to possible crimes or area

criminals are participating in ______.? a. Operation Identification b. citizen patrols c. Neighborhood Night Out d. Volunteers in Police Service (VIPS) 21. In a 2016 nationwide poll asking people how much respect they have in the police, 76 percent answered

___________. a. a great deal b. some c. very little d. none 22. The program in which the police engrave identifying numbers onto property such as bicycles, televisions, and

stereos is called ________. a. Operation Engravement b. Operation Home Security c. Operation Crime Stop d. Operation Identification 23. DARE is a program aimed at _____________. a. senior citizens b. children c. Americans with physical disabilities d. all Americans 24. Another name for Neighborhood Watch programs is __________. a. Crime Watch b. Block Watch c. Community Alert d. All of these choices.

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Chap 11_9e 25. Today, police departments have created numerous special programs to assist with the challenges faced by the

aging population. One such program is ____________. a. AARP b. Explorers c. DARE d. Triad 26. An annual event in which citizens are encouraged to turn on outside lighting and step outside their homes for an

hour in the evening to get to know their neighbors is called-: a. Neighborhood Watch b. Block Watch c. National Night Out d. Good Samaritans 27. Crime Stoppers is a program in which police typically _____________. a. operate decoy programs where they dress like possible crime victims b. open up storefronts and pose as criminals who buy stolen property c. ask television and radio stations to publicize a “crime of the week” so citizens can call tips into a special

police phone number d. All of these choices.

28. As many as _____ million people are victims of violent or property crime in the United States annually. a. 16 b. 31 c. 42 d. 20 29. Based on recent national polls, all of the following gave police high ratings except _________________. a. middle-age citizens b. older citizens. c. non-whites. d. young people.

30. The Police Explorer program is aimed at youths interested in __________. a. camping and sleeping out of doors b. police work c. traveling to foreign cities d. None of the above

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Chap 11_9e 31. Typically, Police Explorers are required to work approximately _____ hours a month to maintain their

eligibility, but they may work more hours if they wish. a. 8 b. 12 c. 20 d. 40 32. The police–community relations movement (PCR) developed out of the __________. a. efforts at team policing in the 1970s b. efforts of police reform after the Wickersham Report c. riots and civil disorders of the 1960s d. the Rodney King incident of 199l 33. James Q. Wilson said that the police “probably exaggerate the extent of citizen hostility” when acknowledging

the fact that police feel that the public does not like or support them, even when the 2016 Gallup polls indicated that the attitudes of both white and non-white citizens toward the police were: a. apathetic b. negative c. positive d. ambivalent 34. What landmark 1954 Supreme Court case ended legal segregation of the races? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Brown v. Mississippi c. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka d. Board of Education v. Eisenhower 35. McGruff, the crime dog, and the “Take a Bite Out of Crime” program is an example of

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_______. a. a police ride-along program b. a police mass media campaign c. a police storefront or mini-station program d. a citizen volunteer program 36. What is the largest minority group in the United States? a. Native Americans b. German Americans c. African Americans d. Hispanics

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Chap 11_9e 37. Which of the following describe Reserve Police Officers? a. They are volunteers. b. They are also called part-time, auxiliary, or special police. c. Many receive the same training as police officers. d. All of these choices.

38. The human relations training program that is designed to provide participants an opportunity to learn more

about themselves and their impact on others is called __________. a. objectivity training b. sensitivity training c. behavior enlightenment d. participation training 39. Most of the tension between police officers and members of minority groups has focused on police

relationships with ___________. a. Hispanics b. Asians c. African Americans d. women 40. Crime Stoppers originated in ____________. a. Albuquerque, New Mexico b. Boise, Idaho c. Miami, Florida d. Seattle, Washington 41. In jurisdictions with populations greater than 100,000, approximately 7 percent of police contacts involve

________________________, which can be some of the most dangerous calls that officers face. a. the elderly b. juveniles c. the mentally ill d. drug addicts 42. Triad is a joint partnership between the police and ____________. a. senior citizens b. gays c. Asian Americans d. African Americans

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Chap 11_9e 43. According to the author, one of the best ways to improve relationships between the police and minority groups

is to _____________. a. enforce the law differentially against minority group members b. appoint a minority member as police chief c. ensure that minority groups are adequately represented in a jurisdiction’s police department d. hold minority group members to a less strict standard of legal behavior 44. Which of the following people who live on the public streets can be described as street people? a. The homeless b. Alcoholics c. The mentally ill d. All of these choices.

45. According to the author, the police should be seen by the community as ____________. a. an army of occupation b. mercenaries c. part of the community d. impartial enforcers of the law 46. Everything done with each other as human beings in all kinds of relationships is the definition of ___________. a. community relations b. public relations c. human relations d. incarceration 47. The Police Explorer program is part of the _____ organization. a. Camp Fire b. Boy Scouts of America c. Police Athletic League d. YMCA 48. National Night Out is in effect ____________. a. once a month b. twice a year c. once a year d. one week a year

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Chap 11_9e Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

49. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, _______percent of the total U.S. population is foreign born.

50. Twenty-six percent of teens in romantic relationships report being intimidated and controlled with the assistance of ______________ and ____________________ sites.

51. __________ programs are produced by radio and television stations that publicize an unsolved crime of the week; cash rewards are given for information that results in the conviction of the offender.

52. __________ are small police facilities in neighborhoods in which officers are stationed to engage in crime prevention programs with members of the community.

53. __________ programs involve engraving identifying numbers onto property such as bicycles, televisions, and other personal electronic items with the goal of returning the property to owners if and when it is stolen and then recovered by the police.

54. __________ is a name for crime prevention programs (also known as Crime Watch, Block Watch, or Community Alert programs) in which neighbors are supposed to watch over their blocks and alert the police to any suspicious or disorderly behavior.

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Chap 11_9e 55. Racial profiling or __________ is a form of discrimination that singles out people of racial or ethnic groups due to the belief that these groups are more likely than others to commit certain types of crimes.

56. The relationships involved in both human relations and public relations between the police and the community are called __________.

57. Everything done with each other as human beings in all kinds of relationships is called __________.

58. An experiment, which began to change the police response in domestic violence cases, was conducted in __________ to determine the deterrent effect of various methods of handling domestic violence, including mandatory arrest.

59. Activities performed by police agencies designed to create a favorable image of themselves are called police __________.

60. __________ is a program given by police officers in which the officers go into schools to teach students in their classrooms about the dangers of drug abuse.

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Chap 11_9e 61. When budgets are tight, how can a police department justify the costs associated with implementing and running citizen volunteer programs?

62. Discuss the role of individual police officers as ambassadors for their departments and explain why that role is particularly important now.

63. What is National Night Out, and what are the program’s objectives?

64. Discuss why calls involving people with mental illness are dangerous for police officers and what police departments are doing to minimize tragic outcomes.

65. Are the terms human relations, police public relations, and police–community relations interchangeable?

Why or why not?

66. Explain why the relationship between a police department and businesses might be considered a slippery slope and what can be done to avoid ethical concerns.

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Chap 11_9e 67. Discuss the relationship between citizens’ concerns for the environment and their perception of the police, and give examples of efforts police departments can make to create a favorable perception.

68. Discuss some of the challenges people face as they age and how the Triad program is helping police departments and senior citizens address problems seniors encounter with safety and quality-of-life issues.

69. Explain the role that social media is playing in crime investigations.

70. What are the key elements of the SPD SAFE PLACE program that have made it a success? How could this program be replicated to improve police relations with other minority communities?

71. Explain why it is important for police departments to have a good working relationship with the press and media.

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Chap 11_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. True 11. False 12. True 13. False 14. True 15. True 16. True 17. d 18. a 19. a 20. b 21. a 22. d 23. b 24. d 25. d 26. c

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Chap 11_9e 27. c 28. b 29. d 30. b 31. c 32. c 33. c 34. c 35. b 36. d 37. a 38. b 39. c 40. a 41. c 42. a 43. c 44. d 45. c 46. c 47. b 48. c 49. 12.5 50. smartphone, social media 51. Crime Stoppers 52. Police storefront stations (mini-stations) Mini stations (police storefront stations) Police storefront stations Mini stations Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 11_9e 53. Operation Identification 54. Neighborhood Watch 55. biased-based policing 56. community relations 57. human relations 58. Minneapolis 59. public relations 60. Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)

DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) Drug Abuse Resistance Education DARE 61. Student responses will vary.

62. Student responses will vary.

63. Student responses will vary.

64. Student responses will vary.

65. Student responses will vary.

66. Student responses will vary.

67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

70. Student responses will vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 12_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. The authors of the seminal article “‘Broken Windows’: Police and Neighborhood Safety” were O. W. Wilson and Wesley K. Skogan. a. True b. False 2. The FBI’s success in the fight against terrorism is directly related to the strength of their relationship with state and local partners. a. True b. False 3. The four elements of the problem-solving strategy are scanning, analysis, planning, and response. a. True b. False 4. Many states and larger cities have created state and local fusion centers to share information and intelligence within their jurisdictions as well as with the federal government. a. True b. False 5. Researchers who traveled to St. Petersburg, Florida, to observe changes occurring in police roles and police– community relations after the implementation of community policing found that the citizens seemed satisfied with community policing. a. True b. False 6. The 41st Precinct in the Bronx earned the nickname “The Alamo.” a. True b. False 7. In a resident officer program, a police officer works in the same neighborhood he or she lives in. a. True b. False 8. Surveys indicate that the public does not support community policing and those strategies that are indicative of community policing. a. True b. False 9. The 1994 Crime Bill provided that all new police officers hired in the United States would be paid entirely by federal funding. a. True b. False

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Chap 12_9e 10. Three corporate strategies for policing discussed at Harvard’s Executive Sessions on Policing were strategic policing, community policing, and problem-solving policing. a. True b. False 11. The concept of problem-oriented policing can be attributed to Herman Goldstein. a. True b. False 12. In 2004, researchers Zhao and Thurman reported that COPS hiring and innovative grant programs were related to significant reductions in local crime rates for both violent and nonviolent offenses in cities with populations greater than 10,000. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

13. Texas State University–San Marcos worked with the San Marcos, Texas, Police Department to develop the

____________________ campaign. a. Achieving Community Together (ACT) b. Increasing Arrest Rates (IAR) c. Community Crime Control (CCR) d. Keeping Campuses Safe (KCF) 14. Problem-oriented policing involves officers dealing with the ___________. a. underlying causes of incidents b. things as they are before them c. community pressures d. management priorities 15. Which of the following is not one of the human behaviors found by Wesley Skogan to be extremely disruptive

to the community? a. Public drinking b. Youths firing gunshots into the air c. Commercial sex d. Street harassment 16. What involves a continued reliance on traditional policing operations? a. Strategic policing b. Community policing c. Citizen-based policing d. Political-based policing Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 12_9e 17. Which of the following is not one of the most important benefits of community policing, according to the

scholar Herman Goldstein? a. A more realistic acknowledgment of police functions b. A recognition of the interrelationships among police functions c. An acknowledgment of the limited capacity of the police to accomplish their jobs on their own and of the importance of an alliance between the police and the public d. Community control of the police 18. Which of the following is not part of a community policing operation? a. Kiosks b. Mini-stations c. Storefront substations d. Motorcycle traffic control 19. When officers reach the assessment process in the SARA model of problem-solving, officers ___________. a. plan further strategic movements b. evaluate community policing c. evaluate the effectiveness of the response d. evaluate incident-driven policing 20. The Regional Community Policing Institutes (RCPIs) are part of the _____ program. a. TOPS b. COPS c. TASP d. COGS 21. A very early attempt at community policing involving the development of decentralized neighborhood-based

precincts that served as “storefront” police stations was tried in what city? a. Detroit b. Tampa c. Miami d. Hattiesburg 22. Community-oriented policing is an approach toward crime that addresses the underlying causes of crime and

endeavors to apply ____________________ problem solving to the issue through improved police– community relationships. a. rule-of-law b. long-term c. zero-tolerance d. short-term Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 12_9e 23. David L. Carter of Michigan State University explains that community policing ___________. a. suddenly materialized as a new idea b. evolved over time from research conducted by a wide range of scholars c. is not widely accepted d. is only the responsibility of police chiefs 24. In the 1960s, changes in police management led to the abandonment of ____________. a. bicycle patrol b. two-man patrol units c. foot patrol d. equestrian patrol 25. More than ____________________ RCPIs provide regional community policing training and technical

assistance to law enforcement around the country. a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 30 26. What was the role of the New York City Police Department’s Community Patrol Officer Program? a. To serve high-risk warrants b. To provide community surveillance c. To rid the neighborhoods of street gangs d. To identify neighborhood problems and develop short- and long-term strategies for solving them 27. With incident-driven policing, officers tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location _________. a. once b. as tactical response units c. with problem-solving tactics d. numerous times 28. In what decade did increases in crime, technological advances, and changes in police management thinking

lead to the reduction of police foot patrols and their resultant ties to the community? a. 1920s b. 1940s c. 1960s d. 1990s

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Chap 12_9e 29. According to Herman Goldstein, traditional policing is ___________. a. incident driven b. community driven c. patrol driven d. service driven 30. The problem-oriented policing process necessitates improving various skill sets. One of those skill sets is

_________. a. scanning b. analysis c. response d. communication 31. Many believe that modern community policing began with James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling’s article

“‘____________________’: The Police and Neighborhood Safety.” a. Littered Streets b. Disordered Communities c. Broken Windows d. Dangerous Streets 32. Who founded the National Center for Community Policing in East Lansing, Michigan? a. Robert C. Trojanowicz b. Logan Stout c. Richard Hill d. Rick D. Patterson 33. Analyzing crime issues to determine the underlying problems and addressing those underlying problems is

referred to as ___________. a. zero-tolerance policing b. problem-solving policing c. political-based policing d. targeted policing 34. Many large cities, faced with rising crime problems, are eager to hire administrators who are familiar with

CompStat and “broken windows” policing, and who served under this successful police chief __________. a. Jimmy Johnson b. Daryl Gates c. William Bratton d. Rick Patterson

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Chap 12_9e 35. The concept of problem-solving policing can be attributed to __________. a. James Q. Wilson b. Lee P. Brown c. George Kelling d. Herman Goldstein 36. Which of the following was not one of the corporate strategies of policing described by the Executive Sessions

on Policing? a. Team policing b. Strategic policing c. Community policing d. Problem-solving policing 37. Community-oriented policing strategies have proven successful in ___________. a. only cities with a population over 50,000 b. only cities with a population over 100,000 c. only cities with a population over 500,000 d. cities of all sizes 38. Officers practicing incident-driven policing __________. a. seek to determine the underlying causes of incidents b. act proactively by contacting merchants prior to an incident c. tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location numerous times d. generally walk a business beat and are not tied to a patrol car 39. What is the philosophy of empowering citizens and developing a partnership between the police and the

community to work together to solve problems? a. Community policing b. Zero-tolerance policing c. Political-based policing d. Neighborhood policing 40. The biggest recent threat to community policing and, consequently, the biggest criticism of community policing

initiatives is ____________. a. the initial startup costs b. the inability to keep police departments fully staffed and to keep money flowing to these initiatives c. convincing local governmental leaders to participate in the programs d. the capital investment for vehicles

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Chap 12_9e 41. The Executive Sessions on Policing focused and debated on the use and price of ____________. a. rolling traffic enforcement b. adaptable computer databases c. intelligence-led policing d. community policing 42. The Office of Community Policing Services (COPS) is part of the ____________________. a. NIJ b. FBI c. president’s cabinet d. Chicago Police Department 43. The real responsibility for proper police–community relations rests with ____________________. a. the police chief b. the city manager c. every police officer d. the community relations officer 44. In “Broken Windows” and Police Discretion, George L. Kelling notes that the community policing model

____________________ the use of police discretion among officers at all levels of the organization. a. reduces and limits b. contracts and discourages c. expands and encourages d. Both a and b.

Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

45. The seminal article in the Atlantic Monthly that many believe was responsible for the modern stage of community policing was written by __________ and __________.

46. __________ involves a continued reliance on traditional policing operations.

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Chap 12_9e 47. __________ was established to administer the grant money provided by the 1994 Crime Bill and to promote community policing.

48. Community policing is more easily facilitated with the __________ available today, which helps police maximize their outreach to the community.

49. The plan initiated in 1997 allowing police officers to receive 50 percent discounts and low-cost loans to purchase homes in “distressed” areas nationwide was called the __________ program.

50. Programs through which officers live in particular communities to strengthen relations between the police and the community are called __________.

51. A __________ is an organization composed of individuals from various federal, state, county, and municipal law enforcement agencies in an area through which these individuals facilitate the gathering and sharing of intelligence information and the evaluation of this information.

52. __________ involves officers thinking, not just responding to yet another call for duty.

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Chap 12_9e 53. The argument that community preservation, public safety, and order maintenance, not crime fighting, should become the primary focus of police patrol has come to be known as the __________ model approach to policing.

54. An untapped resource that can greatly contribute to the mission of keeping the homeland safe and that could prove to be an extremely valuable partner to law enforcement is the __________industry.

55. The idea of problem-solving policing can be attributed to __________.

56. Many believe that the modern state of community policing began with a seminal 1982 article entitled __________.

57. Discuss the similarities and differences among the corporate strategies for policing—strategic policing, community policing, and problem-solving policing.

58. Discuss the programs police departments in New Rochelle, New York; Northampton, Massachusetts; and other locations implemented to address specific community problems. Do their accomplishments support community policing? Why or why not?

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Chap 12_9e 59. How was the police–community relations (PCR) movement different from modern community policing? Why did the PCR movement fail?

60. Discuss how problem-solving policing is more closely related to the historic beat policing than incident-driven policing.

61. Discuss the contributions that James Q. Wilson, George L. Kelling, and Wesley G. Skogan made to the concept of community policing.

62. Consider the examples of successful community-oriented policing described in the text. What factors made them successful? Are there similarities that could be used successfully in other communities?

63. Explain how the community-policing concept has changed the role of police officers.

64. Explain why a police department website is considered a community policing strategy. Support your response with examples from the Aurora, Colorado website.

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Chap 12_9e 65. Are community-policing strategies an effective way to combat terrorism? Why or why not?

66. Explain why some experts are not enthusiastic about community policing.

67. Discuss how the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) has influenced and supported community policing.

68. Explain the SARA process and how police officers implement it.

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Chap 12_9e Answer Key 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. False 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. True 11. True 12. True 13. a 14. a 15. b 16. a 17. d 18. d 19. c 20. b 21. a 22. b 23. b 24. c 25. d 26. d

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Chap 12_9e 27. d 28. c 29. a 30. d 31. c 32. a 33. b 34. c 35. d 36. a 37. d 38. c 39. a 40. b 41. d 42. a 43. c 44. c 45. James Q. Wilson, George L. Kelling

George L. Kelling, James Q. Wilson 46. Strategic policing 47. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)

COPS (Office of Community Oriented Policing Services) Office of Community Oriented Policing Services COPS 48. technology 49. Officer Next Door (OND)

OND (Officer Next Door) Officer Next Door OND 50. resident officer programs Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 12_9e 51. fusion center 52. Problem-solving policing

Problem-oriented policing 53. community policing 54. private security 55. Herman Goldstein 56. “‘Broken Windows’: The Police and Neighborhood Safety” 57. Student responses will vary.

58. Student responses will vary.

59. Student responses will vary.

60. Student responses will vary.

61. Student responses will vary.

62. Student responses will vary.

63. Student responses will vary.

64. Student responses will vary.

65. Student responses will vary.

66. Student responses will vary.

67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 13_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Search and seizure is governed by the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. a. True b. False 2. Although not a U.S. Supreme Court decision, Seremeth v. Frederick County et al. (2012) dealt with the Americans with Disability Act and police interrogations. a. True b. False 3. A passenger in a vehicle has the same right as a driver to challenge the constitutionality of a traffic stop. a. True b. False 4. Forced extraction of blood by a doctor from a man who is arrested for driving while intoxicated is not a violation of that man’s constitutional rights. a. True b. False 5. Probable cause is the standard of proof a police officer needs to conduct a stop and frisk. a. True b. False 6. In Missouri v. Seibert, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the approach used by the investigators encouraged a violation of Miranda. a. True b. False 7. An equivocal or ambiguous request for counsel in a custodial interrogation case is not sufficient to force police to stop questioning a suspect and provide an attorney. a. True b. False 8. Reasonable suspicion is the standard of proof a police officer needs to make an arrest. a. True b. False 9. Search warrants are necessary for all searches by police officers. a. True b. False 10. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that suspicionless searches of parolees by law enforcement officers are unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment. a. True b. False Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 13_9e 11. An attorney is required at every lineup. a. True b. False 12. A police officer’s attempt to terminate a dangerous, high-speed car chase that threatens the lives of innocent bystanders does not violate the Fourth Amendment, even when it places the fleeing motorist at risk of serious injury or death. a. True b. False 13. A police officer can search without a warrant if consent is given by a person having authority to give such consent. a. True b. False 14. Berghuis v. Thompkins determined that defendants must make an affirmative statement or action to expressly waive their right to remain silent or to have a lawyer present during questioning. a. True b. False 15. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel applies to a suspect no matter what case is involved. a. True b. False 16. In 1995, in Arizona v. Evans, the Supreme Court extended the “good faith” exception to the Fourth Amendment by creating a “computer errors” exception. a. True b. False 17. The U.S Supreme Court, in Kyllo v. United States, ruled that the use of a thermal imager is not considered a search under the Fourth Amendment. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

18. The U.S. Supreme Court has made a significant impact on the way police do their job through its policy of

________. a. judicial review b. probable cause c. third-degree tactics d. silver platter doctrine

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Chap 13_9e 19. Which of the following is not an exception to the search warrant requirement? a. A crime scene b. A border search c. Exigent circumstances d. Plain view 20. This national survey is based on a random survey of American homes. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey 21. “Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain

person committed it” is the definition of ________. a. beyond a reasonable doubt b. reasonable suspicion c. probable cause d. likely evidence 22. This national survey lists the number of all law enforcement employees for each reporting town, city, and

county in America. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey 23. This case applied the exclusionary rule to all state courts. a. Weeks v. United States b. Wolf v. Colorado c. Rochin v. California d. Mapp v. Ohio 24. Which constitutional amendment states that “no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by

oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized”? a. First b. Fourth c. Fifth d. Sixth

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Chap 13_9e 25. This national survey is based on reports made to the police from crime victims. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey 26. This national survey lists all arrests made in the United States. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey 27. The “third degree” ended as a result of what U.S. Supreme Court decision? a. Terry v. Ohio b. Brown v. Mississippi c. Carroll v. United States d. Miranda v. Arizona 28. This case ruled that a person in police custody must be advised of his or her constitutional rights prior to

interrogation or the information obtained can be excluded. a. Brown v. Mississippi b. McNabb v. United States c. Escobedo v. United States d. Miranda v. Arizona 29. Which type of tactics constituted the brutal and violent methods police historically practiced to obtain

confessions? a. Hammering b. First degree c. Third degree d. Drop down 30. In 2015, police in the United States made about _______million arrests for all criminal infractions except

traffic violations. a. 31.6 b. 19.6 c. 10.8 d. 7.9.

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Chap 13_9e 31. This case allowed certain searches incident to arrest. a. Chimel v. California b. Terry v. Ohio c. United States v. Matlock d. Abel v. United States 32. Which of the following is a violation of the Miranda ruling? a. Tape-recording unknowing suspects who were placed alone in a patrol car under arrest b. Using a jail informant to report what a suspect tells him or her c. Placing a tape recorder in an interrogation room while leaving the suspect alone d. Directly questioning the suspect about the crime while in a patrol car and en route to the jail 33. This U.S. Supreme Court decision in 2013 upheld canine sniffs during a vehicle stop. a. Florida v. Harris b. Scott v. Harris c. Whren v. United States d. Maryland v. Wilson 34. Which of the following is not considered an actual search by the U.S. Supreme Court? a. Stop and frisk b. Border check c. Trained drug-dog sniff d. Search after a hot pursuit 35. A border search can be made without _______. a. probable cause b. a warrant c. any articulable suspicion d. All of these choices.

36. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures? a. First b. Fourth c. Fifth d. Sixth

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Chap 13_9e 37. The police identification process that involves bringing a suspect back to the scene of the crime or another

place (for example, a hospital where an injured victim is) where the suspect can be seen and possibly identified by a victim or witness of a crime is called a _______. a. showup b. showdown c. line array d. lineup 38. Which of the following has the Supreme Court not recognized as an exigent circumstance? a. Preventing an escape b. Rendering immediate aid to a person in need of assistance c. Checking an identity d. Preventing destruction of evidence 39. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that a warrantless search of a vehicle is valid if the police have probable

cause to believe that the car contains evidence that they are seeking. This decision is known as the ______. a. Stout doctrine b. Carroll doctrine c. exclusionary rule d. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine 40. This 2014 U.S. Supreme Court decision brought clarity to Georgia v. Randolph and consent searches. a. Colorado v. Bertine b. Arizona v. Evans c. Fernandez v. California d. California v. Carney 41. The purpose of a police inventory search of a vehicle is to _________. a. recover weapons b. recover any evidence c. account for all the contents of the vehicle d. look for elements of a crime 42. When conducting a stop and frisk, officers may search ________. a. the outer clothing of the individual b. the outer and inner clothing of the individual c. inside the individual’s shoes d. only inside the individual’s pockets

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Chap 13_9e 43. Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs least each year is _______. a. murder b. rape c. robbery d. felonious assault 44. This national survey is prepared by the National Institute of Justice. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey 45. Due to the mobility of an automobile, this case allowed police to search automobiles upon probable cause but

without a search warrant. a. Florida v. Bostick b. California v. Greenwood c. Hester v. United States d. Carroll v. United States 46. This U.S. Supreme Court decision stated, "a compelled physical intrusion beneath (the) skin and into (the)

veins to obtain a sample of … blood for use as evidence in a criminal investigation" was "an invasion of bodily integrity." a. Winston v. Lee b. Missouri v. McNeely c. Stoval v. Denno d. United States v. Ash 47. The Supreme Court ruled in Burdeau v. McDowell that _____________ apply/applies only to the actions of

government agents and not to those of private citizens or private security employees. a. county ordinances b. local ordinances c. state statutes d. the Bill of Rights 48. The Miranda ruling set out certain guidelines that the police must follow during interrogation; however, an

exception to the Miranda warning allows questions to be asked ______. a. to ensure the immediate safety of the public b. regarding citizenship c. about discarded narcotics d. of a person under the age of 21 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 13_9e 49. This case established the exclusionary rule in federal courts. a. Weeks v. United States b. Wolf v. Colorado c. Rochin v. California d. Mapp v. Ohio 50. This national survey is prepared by the FBI. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey 51. This case allowed searches, also known as “pat-downs,” during field interrogations. a. Chimel v. California b. Terry v. Ohio c. United States v. Matlock d. Abel v. United States 52. The right to counsel contained within the Miranda ruling applies only when the subject of an interrogation

_________. a. is in custody b. is accused of a felony crime c. has been deemed indigent d. has made an admission of guilt 53. Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs most each year is _______. a. theft/larceny b. motor vehicle theft c. burglary d. felonious assault Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

54. The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are also known as the ________.

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Chap 13_9e 55. The amount of force an officer can use when making an arrest is called ___________.

56. In _______, the Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule to state courts.

57. The Crime Index Offenses Cleared section of the UCR lists the ________. for Index crimes.

58. When a persons’ home is his or her castle, this concept is referred to as the _________.

59. Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it is known as ___________.

60. The pattern of brutality and violence historically used by the police to obtain confessions by suspects is known as the_____________.

61. Arrests can be made with or without a __________.

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Chap 13_9e 62. In _______, the U.S. Supreme Court provided guidance to law enforcement officers in assessing how much time they are required to wait prior to making a forcible entry after knocking and announcing their presence and demanding entry in a warrant case.

63. A _________ is the detaining of a person by a law enforcement officer for the purpose of investigation, accompanied by a superficial examination of the person’s body surface or clothing to discover weapons, contraband, or other objects relating to criminal activity.

64. The _____________ is an interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment by the U.S. Supreme Court that holds that evidence seized in violation of the U.S. Constitution cannot be used in court against a defendant.

65. If evidence is found to be in violation of the exclusionary rule, it must be ____________.

66. The standard of proof that is necessary for police officers to conduct stops and frisks is known as _________.

67. In the case of Scott v. Harris, the U.S. Supreme Court used the _______ test to determine the reasonableness of the seizure in question.

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Chap 13_9e 68. The two official measures of crime in the United States are the ________ and the ________.

69. The questioning of a person in police custody regarding his or her participation in a crime is called _____.

70. A Terry stop is also known as ______________________.

71. Explain the significance of the Los Angeles v. Mendez decision.

72. Discuss the castle doctrine and cite specific decisions to show how the Supreme Court has ruled on cases involving it.

73. Explain the significance of New York v. Quarles as it concerns interrogations.

74. Explain what a Terry stop is and discuss the Supreme Court decisions related to it.

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Chap 13_9e 75. Identify and cite three cases involving the police and canine sniffs. Describe how these cases led to the current canine sniff rules in the United States.

76. What is the exclusionary rule and how has it evolved through landmark Supreme Court decisions?

77. Why do Dickerson v. United States and cases following this decision constitute important case law?

78. Discuss the Bill of Rights and the role of the U.S. Supreme Court in regulating the police.

79. Explain the relationship of probable cause and reasonable suspicion to arrests.

80. Why do you think the Supreme Court considered forcing Rochin (Rochin v. California) to have his stomach pumped to retrieve evidence to be shocking, but the Court did not consider forced extraction of blood by a doctor for a man who was arrested for driving while intoxicated (Schmerber v. California) to be a violation of that man’s constitutional rights? What was the difference? Do you think the cases should have been treated the same? Defend your position.

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Chap 13_9e 81. Identify and describe the Supreme Court decisions related to the automobile exception and discuss how the Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. Gant affected it.

82. Explain why scholars became skeptical of the data in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and why the National Crime Victimization Survey was started. Support your answers with examples of the data collected for each report.

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Chap 13_9e Answer Key 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. False 11. False 12. True 13. True 14. True 15. False 16. True 17. False 18. a 19. a 20. b 21. c 22. a 23. d 24. b 25. a 26. a

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Chap 13_9e 27. b 28. d 29. c 30. c 31. a 32. d 33. a 34. c 35. d 36. b 37. a 38. c 39. b 40. c 41. c 42. a 43. a 44. b 45. d 46. b 47. d 48. a 49. a 50. a 51. b 52. a 53. a 54. Bill of Rights Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 13_9e 55. reasonable force 56. Mapp v. Ohio 57. clearance rates, rates of crimes solved by arrest 58. castle doctrine 59. probable cause 60. third degree 61. warrant 62. United States v. Banks 63. stop and frisk 64. exclusionary rule 65. suppressed 66. reasonable suspicion 67. balancing-of-interest 68. Uniform Crime Reports (UCR); National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) UCR (Uniform Crime Reports), NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey Uniform Crime Reports, National Crime Victimization Survey UCR, NCVS 69. custodial interrogation 70. stop-and-frisk 71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

74. Student responses will vary.

75. Student responses will vary.

76. Student responses will vary.

77. Student responses will vary.

78. Student responses will vary.

79. Student responses will vary.

80. Student responses will vary.

81. Student responses will vary.

82. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 14_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Police officers with in-car data access technology make more than eight times as many inquiries on driving records, vehicle registrations, and wanted persons or property per 8-hour shift than do officers without in-car computers. a. True b. False 2. Lasers can be used to lift fingerprints from surfaces that often defy traditional powder or chemical techniques, including glass, paper, cardboard, rubber, wood, plastic, leather, and even human skin. a. True b. False 3. Less-than-lethal technology is the perfect weapon available that will immediately stop unlawful resistance and will cause absolutely no harm to the receiver. a. True b. False 4. The domestic use of drones, and even their consideration of use, has become the subject of national debate, including filibuster in the U.S. Senate. a. True b. False 5. It is impossible to change one’s fingerprints. a. True b. False 6. There are six classifications of fingerprints. a. True b. False 7. PCR-STR procedures for the analysis of DNA evidence allow samples that have degraded or broken down to be analyzed. a. True b. False 8. Because computer-aided investigation systems have not proven to be very effective in the criminal investigation process, they are being abandoned by many police departments in the United States. a. True b. False 9. ViCAP contains information on unsolved burglaries. a. True b. False

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Chap 14_9e 10. Composite sketches of suspects can be prepared by computers without the assistance of a police artist. a. True b. False 11. The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) is maintained by DHS. a. True b. False 12. Computers have not yet been used for patrol allocation operations. a. True b. False 13. The BlackBerry can be loaded with specialized law enforcement programs allowing the user to query the NCIC database as well as other state and motor vehicle department databases. a. True b. False 14. Automated fingerprint identification systems began to be developed in the 1980s. a. True b. False 15. The latest in night vision technology includes infrared (IR) technology and thermal imaging (TI). This technology requires no light at all to see objects in total darkness. a. True b. False 16. Age-progression photographs are prepared by forensic artists rather than computers. a. True b. False 17. Mitochondrial DNA is more useful for identification than nuclear DNA. a. True b. False 18. DNA collection needs to improve because crime labs are ill-equipped to deal with the influx of DNA samples. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

19. The NCIC is operated by the _________. a. Secret Service b. U.S. Marshals Service c. Federal Bureau of Investigation d. National Criminal Justice Reference Service

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Chap 14_9e 20. Which of the following systems have not increased the ability of departments to control and monitor their

patrol functions through the CAD and MDT? a. GPS b. GIS c. AVL d. ADP 21. For law enforcement purposes, the acronym CAD means _______. a. computer-assisted department b. computer-aided dispatch c. computer-automatic dispatch d. centralized audio dispatch 22. What is used in the examination of blood, semen, and other body fluids? a. Ballistics b. Serology c. Criminalistics d. Chemistry 23. Thermal imaging detectors are used _________. a. to measure skid marks at crash scenes b. for perimeter surveillance c. to locate fugitives and for search and rescue d. All of these choices.

24. The examination of dead bodies is called forensic ______. a. toxicology b. pathology c. physical anthropology d. odontology 25. The computer database used by Washington State investigators to analyze characteristics of murders and

sexual offenses is called _________. a. CATCH b. HITS/SMART c. HOLMES d. SHERLOCK

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Chap 14_9e 26. Deoxyribonucleic acid is otherwise known as __________. a. DMA. b. DEA. c. DYA. d. DNA. 27. Today, computerization is suitable for ____________. a. only police departments serving cities with a population of one million citizens or more b. only police departments serving cities with a population of 100,000 or more c. any police department, regardless of size d. organizations such as businesses, not police departments 28. The analysis of poisons and other toxic substances in a person’s body is called forensic ___________. a. toxicology b. pathology c. physical anthropology d. odontology 29. Thermal imaging is a form of ___________. a. radio communication b. oleoresin capsicum c. infrared technology d. computer database programming 30. Those systems that provide information needed for supervisory, allocation, strategic, tactical, policy, and

administrative decisions are ___________. a. administrative information systems b. integrative information systems c. automated administrative systems d. management information systems 31. The computerized mug shot database created by the New York City Police Department and used to

investigate robberies is called __________. a. CATCH b. HITS/SMART c. HOLMES d. SHERLOCK

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Chap 14_9e 32. Which of the following is not a benefit provided by either enhanced 911 or enhanced CAD systems that utilize

mobile digital terminals (MDTs)? a. Direct interface between the patrol unit and local, county, state, and federal criminal justice information system computers b. Dramatic increase in response time c. Elimination of responses to non–life-threatening emergency calls d. Better coordination of all emergency agencies, since their movements can be monitored visually by both officers at the scene and dispatchers 33. The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) database contains information on ______. a. persons arrested for violent crime b. persons wanted for violent crime c. victims of violent crime d. unsolved homicides 34. The first police department with a computer system (in 1964) was _________. a. New York City b. San Francisco c. Los Angeles d. St. Louis 35. ___________ can be used to lift prints from surfaces that often defy traditional powder or chemical

techniques, including glass, paper, cardboard, rubber, wood, and even human skin. a. Microchips b. Robotics c. X-rays d. Lasers 36. The first scientist to use DNA profiling in a criminal case was _______. a. Alec Jeffreys b. Joseph Wambaugh c. Barry Scheck d. Gerald Sheindlin 37. Mug shot ____________ is a system of digitizing a picture and storing its image on a computer so that it can

be retrieved at a later time. a. digitizing b. storing c. imaging d. xeroxing Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 14_9e 38. In using the computerized database referred to as CATCH, detectives feed in the suspect’s

______________. a. description and last-known location b. description and modus operandi c. fingerprints and last-known location d. photograph and method of operation 39. The examination of skeletal remains is called forensic ________. a. toxicology b. pathology c. physical anthropology d. odontology 40. In 2009, the National Academy of Sciences issued a 328-page report, Strengthening Forensic Science in

the United States: A Path Forward. The report found serious problems with ______. a. much of the evidence collected by patrol officers at crime scenes b. genetic profiling c. much of the work performed by crime laboratories in the United States d. expired certifications of forensic examiners 41. Fraudulently acquiring private or sensitive information using computer program expertise and techniques is

called _________. a. spyware b. Trojan horse attack c. phishing d. malware 42. Which of the following is not one of the major issues involved in patrol allocation? a. Determining which officer to assign to each beat b. Determining the number of patrol units needed in each precinct, at each time of the day, and for each

day of the week c. Designing patrol beats d. Developing policies to dispatch and redeploy patrol units 43. What can be used in the examination of possible forgeries? a. Serology b. Criminalistics c. Chemistry d. Document analysis.

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Chap 14_9e 44. The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) collects and retrieves data about _________. a. persons wanted for crimes anywhere in the United States b. stolen and lost property c. criminal history files d. All of these choices.

45. What is used in the examination of hairs, fibers, and fingernail scrapings? a. Ballistics b. Serology c. Criminalistics d. Chemistry 46. Which of the following is not a nonlethal weapon being used by the police today? a. Chemical sprays b. Irritant sprays c. Tasers d. Lasers 47. Marks made by fingers touching a surface after the ridges have been in contact with a colored material such as

blood, paint, grease, or ink are called ___________. a. visible prints b. latent prints c. plastic prints d. acoustic prints 48. The branch of forensic science that identifies corpses through dental examination is called forensic _____. a. toxicology b. pathology c. physical anthropology d. odontology 49. What is used in the examination of marijuana, cocaine, and heroin? a. Serology b. Criminalistics c. Chemistry d. Document analysis

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Chap 14_9e 50. AFIS means _______. a. automated fingerprint identification systems b. automatic fingerprint identification systems c. automated fingerprint information systems d. automatic fingerprint information systems 51. What is used in the examination of guns and bullets? a. Ballistics b. Serology c. Criminalistics d. Chemistry 52. NCIC means ___________. a. National Crime Investigation Center b. National Criminal Information Center c. National Crime Information Center d. National Criminal Investigation Center 53. Live Scan is a(n) ____________ scanning system. a. ink and b. optical fingerprint c. retinal d. data entry 54. The 911 emergency telephone number system was introduced by AT&T in ______. a. 1968 b. 1945 c. 1973 d. 1986 55. Fingerprint ridge impressions left on a soft material such as putty, wax, soap, or dust are called __________. a. plastic prints b. latent prints c. acoustic prints d. seated prints

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Chap 14_9e 56. The computer-aided investigation system developed for British investigators is called ___________. a. CATCH b. HITS/SMART c. HOLMES d. SHERLOCK 57. The use of the Taser was upheld in court in _________. a. Nolte v. United States b. King v. Taser, Inc. c. Michenfelder v. Sumner d. Scott v. Maryland Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

58. DNA is the abbreviation for ____________.

59. Blood and semen evidence is analyzed by the ______ section of the crime lab.

60. NCIC stands for __________.

61. The majority of cases involve the fraudulent uses of credit card or bank information.

62. _________ technology enables a print technician to enter unidentified latent prints into the computer.

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Chap 14_9e 63. _______ is the science of identifying, collecting, preserving, documenting, examining, analyzing, and presenting evidence from computers, computer networks, and other electronic devices.

64. Trace evidence is analyzed by the ________ section of the crime lab.

65. _________ is one branch of forensic science that deals with the study of physical evidence related to crime.

66. FATS stands for __________.

67. Gun and bullet evidence is analyzed by the _____________ section of the crime lab.

68. __________are devices put into police vehicles that allow the electronic transmission of messages between the police dispatcher and the officers in the field.

69. __________ prints are the result of the process of rolling each finger onto a ten-print card using fingerprinting ink.

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Chap 14_9e 70. The _________ is a handheld electronic stun gun that discharges a high-voltage, low-amperage, pulsating current via tiny wires and darts, which can be fired from up to 15 feet away.

71. DNA is very useful in solving cold cases due to its hardiness and ability not to break down easily.

72. is that part of science applied to answering legal questions.

73. Alcohol and drugs or controlled substances are analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.

74. The forerunner in the use of modern sophisticated automated crime analysis was the New York City Police Department’s __________ program.

75. ViCAP stands for __________.

76. ______ prints are fingerprint impressions left at a crime scene.

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Chap 14_9e 77. OC in pepper spray stands for ______.

78. CAI stands for __________.

79. Handwriting analysis is performed by the ______ section of the crime lab.

80. In law enforcement, CAD stands for ________.

81. Explain the science of DNA and discuss the effects of technological advances on DNA profiling.

82. List the major sections of a police crime lab and discuss the evidence each examines.

83. Discuss the credibility issues with crime labs and the importance of crime lab accreditation.

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Chap 14_9e 84. Explain the concerns about the effects of technological advances in policing on civil liberties.

85. Discuss advances in fingerprint technology and the impact they’ve had on police investigations.

86. Explain how technology has changed the way composite sketches are prepared and the controversy over the value of forensic artistry versus the use of digital imaging composite software.

87. Discuss biometric identification, including the biometric systems available to police and their accuracy.

88. Explain how automated databases have revolutionized police work and give examples of databases law enforcement uses.

89. Discuss how the proliferation of electronic video surveillance cameras is changing police work and the pros and cons of surveillance cameras.

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Chap 14_9e 90. How safe are less-than-lethal weapons? In what situations would a less-than-lethal weapon be used? Do suspects have the right to know that you are about to use a less-than-lethal weapon on them? Explain your answers.

91. Explain the controversy surrounding the use of cell phone technology in police investigations. What guidance has the Supreme Court provided regarding cell phone technology?

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Chap 14_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. False 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. True 11. False 12. False 13. True 14. True 15. True 16. False 17. False 18. True 19. c 20. d 21. b 22. b 23. d 24. b 25. b 26. d

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Chap 14_9e 27. c 28. a 29. c 30. d 31. a 32. c 33. d 34. d 35. d 36. a 37. c 38. b 39. c 40. c 41. c 42. a 43. d 44. d 45. c 46. d 47. a 48. d 49. c 50. a 51. a 52. c 53. b 54. a Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 14_9e 55. a 56. c 57. c 58. deoxyribonucleic acid 59. serology 60. National Crime Information Center 61. identity theft 62. Automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS), AFIS (Automated fingerprint identification system), Automated fingerprint identification system 63. Computer/digital forensics 64. criminalistics 65. Criminalistics 66. Firearms Training System 67. ballistics 68. Mobile digital terminals (MDTs), MDTs (Mobile digital terminals), Mobile digital terminals, MDTs 69. Inked 70. Taser 71. Mitochondrial 72. Forensic science 73. chemistry 74. CompStat 75. Violent Criminal Apprehension Program 76. Latent 77. oleoresin capsicum 78. computer-assisted instruction 79. document analysis 80. computer-aided dispatch 81. Student responses will vary.

82. Student responses will vary.

83. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 14_9e 84. Student responses will vary.

85. Student responses will vary.

86. Student responses will vary.

87. Student responses will vary.

88. Student responses will vary.

89. Student responses will vary.

90. Student responses will vary 91. Student responses will vary.

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Chap 15_9e Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. The Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF) concept involves the melding of personnel and talent from various law enforcement agencies. a. True b. False 2. In 2006, President Bush signed the USA Patriot Reauthorization Act of 2005, which made only certain sections (I, II, and IV) of the 2001 act permanent. a. True b. False 3. According to researchers presenting at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in February 2008, domestic extremists who commit violence in the name of their cause (for example, abortion or the environment) account for very little of the damage from terrorist incidents in the United States. a. True b. False 4. Timothy J. McVeigh was stopped in Kansas at a DWI checkpoint and was immediately arrested for and charged with the Oklahoma City bombing. a. True b. False 5. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, state and local agencies are being asked by the FBI to play a reduced role in response to terrorist incidents and in gathering intelligence. a. True b. False 6. Eric Robert Rudolph was arrested and charged with the bombing that occurred in Centennial Olympic Park at the Atlanta Olympic Games. a. True b. False 7. According to Jim Ruiz and Kathleen H. Winters, the lack of interagency communication before 9/11 was a byproduct of multiple federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies failing to share the intelligence they had gathered on terrorism with other departments and even within their own agencies. a. True b. False 8. In a 2006 Harris Interactive poll, a majority of Americans reported that they were more concerned with individual liberties and in favor of decreasing surveillance of suspected terrorists through cameras, banking records, and cell phones. a. True b. False

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Chap 15_9e 9. Theodore Kaczynski is also known as the Unabomber. a. True b. False 10. Local law enforcement agencies are usually the first responders to scenes of terrorist crimes. a. True b. False 11. The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States is popularly known as the 9/11 Commission. a. True b. False 12. The terrorist watchlist is maintained by each individual airline so they may know who is not permitted to fly. a. True b. False 13. The New York City Police Department’s tactical plan Operation Torch, consisting of officers from the Emergency Service Unit, is carried out on the waterfront of New York City. a. True b. False 14. In 1998, Earth Liberation Front (ELF) members were linked to the destruction of the Vail Ski Resort in Colorado, a fire that caused $12 million in damage. a. True b. False 15. Many experts believe that highly organized and cohesive groups of extremists may pose the most urgent threat to the United States. a. True b. False Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

16. Which agency is responsible for preventing losses from disasters wherever possible and assisting when they do

happen? a. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) b. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) c. National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) d. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

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Chap 15_9e 17. In 2008, marketed as “built green” in Seattle, Washington. a. ABORTS b. CTS c. ABC d. ELF 18. Reactive investigative methods are used to investigate acts of terrorism after they occur and can include

_______. a. crime scene processing and analysis b. following up on leads and tips c. surveillance d. All of these choices.

19. Groups or individuals who operate without foreign direction entirely within the United States and target

elements of the U.S. government or citizens are called _______ a. counterterrorists b. cyber-terrorists c. domestic terrorists d. intelligence terrorists 20. Which agency has traditionally been the lead federal agency in the response to and investigation of terrorism? a. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) b. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) c. National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) d. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 21. Proactive methods are in use constantly to prevent acts of terrorism before they occur. Such methods include

_________. a. ongoing and coordinated planning b. intelligence gathering c. investigating activity by various agencies d. All of the above.

22. The US-VISIT program is part of which agency? a. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) b. U.S. Department of Defense c. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) d. U.S. Coast Guard

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Chap 15_9e 23. Employees of which agency have the dual mission of protecting the nation’s leaders and investigating crimes in

specialized fields such as information technology? a. Office of the Secretary b. U.S. Secret Service c. U.S. Transportation Security Administration (TSA) d. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 24. Before the September 11, 2001, attack, the most recent case of international terrorism to occur on U.S.

shores took place on _________. a. February 26, 1993 b. January 17, 1987 c. August 12, 1967 d. there was no act of international terrorism committed on U.S. shores prior to September 11, 2001 25. Project BioShield was created in 2004 to help the United States _________. a. ensure that every American receives a vaccination against anthrax b. purchase, develop, and deploy cutting-edge defenses against biological weapons attacks c. develop cures for diseases caused by agents of biological terrorism d. All of these choices.

26. Even after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, most state and local law enforcement administrators

continued to view terrorism primarily as a(n) ____________ threat. a. localized b. international c. federal d. distant 27. The U.S. Coast Guard, which is a military branch of the U.S. armed forces and is on the front lines of maritime

security efforts, patrols _________. a. only international waters b. only American coasts, ports, and waterways c. both international waters and American coasts, ports, and waterways d. international waters only at the request of a foreign government 28. Where did the 2009 attack committed by Major Nidal Malik Hasan, which killed 13 people and wounded 30

others, take place? a. Fort Dix b. Fort Hood c. Fort Sill d. Fort Leavenworth Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 15_9e 29. The Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF) address complex problems inherent in terrorism investigations by

combining resources and personnel from __________. a. various state agencies b. all the federal agencies under the DHS umbrella c. state and local agencies d. federal, state, and local agencies 30. What cabinet-level department, established in 2003, merged 22 previously disparate domestic agencies into

one department to protect the United States from threats to the homeland? a. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) b. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) c. National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) d. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 31. Which agency is usually the first responder to a scene of a terrorist crime? a. The local law enforcement agency b. U.S. Secret Service c. U.S. Marshals d. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 32. In 2005, the DHS reported that the top terrorist threat against the United States today is from ideologically

driven actors, particularly ___________. a. al Qaeda b. Mujahideen c. Hamas d. Hezbollah 33. The mission of the Office of Homeland Security was to _________. a. respond with technical and scientific personnel and equipment to assist in the mitigation of the health

concerns arising from biological terrorism b. provide technical assistance to locate hidden nuclear material and advise local authorities on the associated hazards and effects c. develop and coordinate the implementation of a comprehensive national strategy to secure the United States from threats and attacks d. coordinate U.S. resources in response to a terrorist incident in a foreign country, should that government request such assistance

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Chap 15_9e 34. The US-VISIT program helps to ________. a. secure U.S. borders by facilitating legitimate travel and trade b. detect immigrants who are in the United States illegally and who might be terrorists c. make airline travel safe through increased security measures d. secure U.S. borders through a military presence at shipping ports 35. Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF) operate as part of which agency? a. National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) b. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) c. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) d. U.S. Secret Service 36. What federal building was bombed in Oklahoma City? a. Lyndon B. Johnson Building b. Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building c. John F. Kennedy Building d. Harrison Watts Building 37. The Office of Homeland Security was replaced by which new agency? a. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) b. National Counterterrorism Center NCTC) c. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) d. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 38. Members of what type of terrorist group include animal rights advocates, supporters of environmental issues,

and antiabortion advocates? a. Right-wing b. Left-wing c. Special-interest d. Union extremist 39. The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States heavily criticized the government for

numerous failures that the commission claimed were largely caused by _________ a. the president’s refusal to leave Iraq b. the president’s refusal to meet with Iranian leaders c. political wrangling and bureaucracy d. local law enforcement’s failure to get on board with Homeland Security

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Chap 15_9e 40. What year was the first terrorist attack on New York City’s World Trade Center? a. 1980 b. 1986 c. 1993 d. 2000 41. The _____________ has the statutory mission to serve as the U.S. government’s knowledge bank on

international terrorism and to provide the Department of State with required statistical information. a. NCTC b. NCIC c. TCIC d. ACISC 42. Which law expanded the FBI’s wiretapping and electronic surveillance authority and allowed nationwide

jurisdiction for search warrants and electronic surveillance devices? a. USA Patriot Act b. Executive Order 13228 c. Civil Rights Act of 1991 d. All of these choices.

43. “The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the

civilian population, or a segment thereof, in the furtherance of political or social objectives” is the definition the FBI uses to define _______ a. counterterrorism b. cyber-terrorism c. terrorism d. intelligence 44. What act established the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) within the Department of

Transportation to protect the nation’s transportation systems and ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce? a. Johnson Act of 2003 b. Homeland Security Act c. Rogers Act d. Aviation and Transportation Security Act

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Chap 15_9e 45. Which agency is responsible for providing efficient immigration services and easing the transition of immigrants

to permanent residence and, finally, American citizenship? a. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) b. U.S. Secret Service c. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) d. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 46. Executive Order 13228, signed on October 8, 2001, established the ________. a. U.S. Department of Energy b. Public Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention c. Federal Emergency Management Administration d. Office of Homeland Security 47. All of the following are consider American domestic terrorist groups except _______. a. ALF b. Sovereign Citizens c. ELF d. IRA 48. Which agency is the primary organization in the U.S. government for integrating and analyzing all intelligence

pertaining to terrorism and counterterrorism and for conducting strategic operational planning by integrating all instruments of national power? a. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) b. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) c. National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) d. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 49. During the 1960s and 1970s, the groups that presented the most serious problem in the United States in terms

of violence and terrorism included _______. a. radical hate groups and militant student/antiwar groups b. religious groups c. unions d. right-wing extremist groups 50. This group believes that they are separate from the government of the United States. a. Sovereign Citizen Movement b. Earth Liberation Front c. Animal Liberation Front d. Department of Justice

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Chap 15_9e Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

51. A major drawback in the use of biological weapons is that they cannot be .

52. Groups such as the and the , using violent actions, have released caged animals into the wild, targeted buildings where experimentation on animals has been conducted, damaged vehicles they feel are not environmentally friendly, and burned down new residential communities, in an effort to force various segments of society, including the general public, to change their attitudes about issues these groups consider important.

53. extremist groups generally profess a revolutionary socialist doctrine and view themselves as protectors of the American people against capitalism and imperialism.

54. is an investigatory term used for covertly following subjects in an investigation and recording their activities.

55. The _______ gives law enforcement personnel new abilities to search, seize, detain, and eavesdrop in their pursuit of possible terrorists.

56. The concept of single-focused investigative units that meld personnel and talent from various law enforcement agencies is called .

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Chap 15_9e 57. National security letters are information requests issued by local officials who certify that the information is relevant to an international terrorism or foreign intelligence investigation.

58. In 2009, President Obama merged the Homeland Security Council with creating the National Security Staff.

59. A center is defined as a collaborative effort of two or more agencies that provide resources, expertise, and information to the center with the goal of maximizing its ability to detect, prevent, investigate, and respond to criminal and terrorist activity.

60. The was created in 2005 to unite America’s national security intelligence under one umbrella. It was based on the 9/11 Commission report, which recommended the creation of a single intelligence director for the United States.

61. The __________ authorizes search warrants and electronic surveillance in terrorism and spying cases.

62. One of three threats identified by the FBI is the threat from international radical extremists, such as those who attacked the World Trade Center in 1995.

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Chap 15_9e 63. In 2008, Congress overhauled the Act to bring federal surveillance statutes into closer alignment with what the government had been secretly doing. The legislation essentially legalized certain aspects of the National Security Agency’s (NSA’s) surveillance program.

64. The _____ is on the front lines of the nation’s efforts to secure air transportation from terrorism.

65. The NYPD tactical plan known as consists of officers from the Emergency Service Unit who are outfitted in heavy bullet-resistant vests and Kevlar helmets, carry automatic weapons including M-4 rifles or MP5 submachine guns, and are utilized to combat potential terrorism.

66. The bombing in Centennial Olympic Park at the Atlanta Olympics Games is an example of which type of terrorism?

67. Explain why acts of terrorism are considered a local problem that must be addressed by local authorities and give some examples of what local law enforcement agencies are doing to combat terrorism.

68. Discuss various ways in which the U.S. government immediately responded to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

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Chap 15_9e 69. Identify and discuss the three methods of preventing and detecting acts of terrorism or investigating them when they occur.

70. Describe and discuss the FBI’s reorganization and change in strategic focus following the September 11 attacks.

71. Define terrorism and discuss why some people use terrorist tactics.

72. Discuss domestic terrorism and give examples of domestic terrorist incidents and the groups who committed them.

73. How does the USA Patriot Act support homeland security?

74. Explain the debate over the USA Patriot Act.

75. Define the term homeland security and explain how it is applied in the United States.

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Chap 15_9e 76. Are police departments spending too many resources on terrorism? Why or why not?

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Chap 15_9e Answer Key 1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. False 6. True 7. True 8. False 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. False 13. False 14. True 15. False 16. b 17. d 18. d 19. c 20. a 21. d 22. c 23. b 24. a 25. b 26. b

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Chap 15_9e 27. c 28. b 29. d 30. d 31. a 32. a 33. c 34. a 35. b 36. b 37. c 38. c 39. c 40. c 41. a 42. a 43. c 44. d 45. c 46. d 47. d 48. c 49. a 50. a 51. controlled 52. Animal Liberation Front (ALF), Earth Liberation Front (ELF); ALF (Animal Liberation Front), ELF (Earth Liberation Front); Animal Liberation Front, Earth Liberation Front; ALF, ELF 53. Left-wing Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chap 15_9e 54. Surveillance 55. USA Patriot Act 56. Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF), JTTF (Joint Terrorism Task Forces), Joint Terrorism Task Forces JTTF 57. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI 58. National Security Council 59. fusion 60. Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), ODNI (Office of the Director of National Intelligence), Office of the Director of National Intelligence, ODNI 61. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA Court), FISA Court (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act), Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, FISA Court 62. loosely affiliated 63. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance 64. Transportation Security Administration (TSA), TSA (Transportation Security Administration), Transportation Security Administration, TSA 65. Operation Torch 66. Domestic 67. Student responses will vary.

68. Student responses will vary.

69. Student responses will vary.

70. Student responses will vary.

71. Student responses will vary.

72. Student responses will vary.

73. Student responses will vary.

74. Student responses will vary.

75. Student responses will vary.

76. Student responses will vary.

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