Architecture Portfolio_WEI YEFAN_2026

ARCHITECTURE

PORTFOLIO 2020-2026 NUS MARCH STUDENT WEI YEFAN

WORKING EXPERIENCES Teaching Assistant, National University of Singapore Jan.- May 2026 - Served as a teaching assistant for the ‘Advanced Architectural Integration’ module in the NUS Master of Architecture programme, and was responsible for supervising the Building Envelope Cluster of architectural integration; - Assisted in preparing case studies in consultation with professional consultants, and conducted two-hour weekly Building Envelope tutorials for junior students, covering technologies such as BIPV, green facades, and double-skin facades; - Assisted in setting up two Interim and one Final Reviews, and marked individual final reports for junior students at the end of this module.

Dec. 2025

Intern, Azizi Developments LLC. (Dubai)

WEI YEFAN Email: WeiYefan@outlook.com Tel: +86 13771725283 & +65 8622 1124

- Joined the Burj Azizi Global Univer sity Exposure Programme, gaining insights into advanced technologies of the world’s second-tallest tower, Burj Azizi; - Attended expert lectures and seminars, covering the multidimensional topics of architectural & structural design, MEP systems, vertical transportation, fire-fighting strategies, construction procurement, etc; - Participated in site tours of Burj Azizi and other projects (Azizi Riviera, etc.).

May- Aug. 2025

Intern, Aedas Pte Ltd. (Singapore)

EDUCATION National University of Singapore, MArch Aug. 2024 - Jul. 2026 (Expt.)

University of Liverpool, RIBA Part I, BA (Hons) Sept. 2021 - Jul. 2023 Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, BEng(Hons) Sept. 2019 - Jul. 2021

HONOURS Project 'Skybridge Sanctuary' from NUS Design Optional Studio Selected for AkiVAL Exhibition 2025 Wins the John Rankin Awards for Best Set of Rendered Drawings 2023 Awarded Liverpool School of Architecture Graduation Design Scholarship.

Two final-year design projects’ posters and models selected for LSA Awards Day and Exhibition 2023 Received University Academic Excellence Award (Top 5%) for two continuous years 2021 & 2020 Works collected by XJTLU Architecture Yearbook for two continuous years 2021 & 2020

- Learnt about the tectonics of industrial buildings, experimented on several structural systems, and compiled the design option file to structural consultants; - Got involved in the floating Data Centre project, understood the procurement, basics of the floating system (hull study), data centre systems (server racks, fan walls, chiller system, etc.), and took on modelling for animated demonstration; - Studied several design details (translucent BIPV roof, aluminium panel facades, glass curtain wall systems, single & double bank louvres, moveable boardwalk installations with expansion joints, etc.); - Experimented on animation outputs using Enscape & D5, approached VR technology linked to D5, and helped 3D modelling to detail the VR scenarios; - Understood the basics of Autodesk’s REVIT BIM software and practiced to learn by reconstructing the project model; - Visited the Singapore Meta Data Centre, understanding several building construction details and operational processes of a data centre.

Intern, SCG Architecture & Urban Planning Co., Ltd. (Suzhou) Mar.- Jun. 2024 - Participated in the design of the Hengguan Jinglu Industrial Park, Hankou North Zhongle Central Plaza, and the renovation of Cailianli Commercial Plaza.

Intern, ConsultingArchitects Co., Ltd. (Shanghai) Dec.2023 - Mar. 2024 Intern, Doozy Group Co., Ltd. (Shanghai)

Jun.- Jul. 2021

Intern, SZPD Research Institute Co., Ltd. (Suzhou)

Jun.- Aug. 2020

My interest in architecture was initially shaped by a fascination with high-tech design, particularly the expressive structural language of projects such as the Lloyd’s Building and the Pompidou Centre.

These works revealed how structure and services could move beyond pure utility to become generators of architectural identity. However, my perspective broadened through travelling across Europe, where contrasting urban conditions—from the ordered grid of Barcelona to the layered historic fabric of Bath—highlighted that architecture is not only about technology or form, but also about its relationship to context, culture, and time.

This realisation shifted my focus from architecture as an object to architecture as a system of relationships. During my academic experience, particularly in the Communities & Contested Spaces studio, I began to critically engage with how architecture shapes everyday life and social interaction. I came to understand that architecture operates within broader political, economic, and environmental frameworks, and therefore carries a responsibility to address long-term societal challenges.This marked a transition in my thinking toward a more human-centred and adaptive approach to design.

At the National University of Singapore, my work further explored architecture as a balance between permanence and adaptability. Early design investigations examined how buildings could maintain structural stability while accommodating change over time, proposing systems that combine fixed frameworks with flexible spatial elements.These explorations were later complemented by a growing interest in environmental responsiveness and user experience, reinforcing a more holistic understanding of architecture as both a technical and social discipline.

This trajectory culminates in my master’s thesis, which synthesises my theoretical and technical explorations into a comprehensive design proposal.The project develops a new high-rise typology that brings together two contrasting modes of living: a collective, community-oriented model and a conventional hierarchical residential structure.

The proposal challenges the conventional notion of “one household per unit” by introducing a system of shared domestic spaces organised around semi-commons and commons, encouraging interaction and collective resource use. At the same time, it engages with the realities of capital-driven high-rise development, where spatial hierarchy is often tied to economic status. By placing these two systems in dialogue, the project explores how architecture can mediate between social inclusivity and economic structure.Technically, the design is supported by an alternative structural strategy using steel-braced corner cores, freeing the central space for greater spatial flexibility.The proposal is further tested through quantitative analysis, including structural performance under wind and gravity loads, ensuring its feasibility.

Through this work, I have come to understand architecture as a discipline that operates across multiple scales—from structural systems to social frameworks. Moving forward, I aim to develop design approaches that are both technically rigorous and socially responsive, contributing to highdensity urban environments where architecture can redefine not only built form, but also the ways in which communities are formed and sustained.

01

THE DIAMONDS

1 - 20

"Co-developed Republic or Hierarchical Tower?"

02

SKYBRIDGE SANCTUARY

21 - 28

"Regenerative Retreat Envisions a Sanctuary."

CONTENTS

03

SOLAR ENERGY FACTORY

29 - 35

"Demolition is an Act of Violence."

Architectural Design Works

04

THE 'TEMPERNENT'

36 - 43

"Breathe between the Temporary and Permanent."

05

BEES' POCKET GARDEN

44 - 49

"A Resilient City Needs Biodiversity."

06

THE TOWN TRACKS

50 - 56

"Tree is Leaf and Leaf is Tree."

07

JAZZ GABLES "Jazz is There and Gone. It Happens."

57 - 61

01 THE DIAMONDS Location:West Kowloon Park, Hong Kong Programme: Republic & Residence Time: Aug. 2025 - Apr. 2026 Type: IndividualWork Instructor: Shin Yokoo, Joseph Lim

Building upon the thesis research that focuses on both the reinterpretation of RikenYamamoto’s “Local Community Area” principles and a comprehensive typology study of tall buildings, the Dimaonds proposes on one hand the possibilities of an eco-social model for new communal living, defined as the Republic, and on the other hand the conventional living experiences of wealthy individuals in tall buildings, featuring innovative structural systems.

The Republic challenges the conventional dwelling mode of ‘One house is equal to one family.’

Instead, it advocates collective housing and reconfigures the traditional family structure by minimizing the notion of privacy and encouraging shared domestic life. The republic operates as a hybrid of Semi-commons and Commons at the programmatic dimension, where the Semicommons are converted into small family enterprises, such as the laundry, cafeteria, market and clinic, to serve the whole republic. These family enterprises are managed by the residents.

Each pairing of Semi-Commons and its ancillary private units is intended for rent rather than ownership that serves as a strategy for highlighting a way of temporary dwellings, for the purpose of mitigating the rigidity of social classes. Commons are collectively managed by the Republic and supports larger public facilities that require more extensive outdoor areas.

Ultimately, the Republic is conceived as an exploration of an alternative socio-economic model, one that encourages daily interaction and collective sharing of resources led by these family enterprises.

Comparably, high-rise living is more engineered and capital-oriented and always manifests a hierarchical structure where wealthier people tend to occupy higher levels. The newly proposed structural system features steel-braced corner frames, allowing the central zone which is traditionally occupied by an RC core, to be freed as a void space for vertical transportation and even exposed services. These corner frames are reinforced and interconnected at these tapered levels to resist lateral forces. The system is tested in a quantitative way that structural simulation assesses the lateral displacement by wind forces and column buckling by gravity load. The spatial configuration also follows a hierarchical strategy. The larger floor plates at the lower levels accommodate multiple apartment units while as it goes higher, the reduced floor plan are transformed into fewer and more exclusive spaces, ending up with penthouses units at top levels.

The thesis keeps on the design-based approach beyond any specific contextual factors including site conditions and cultural backgrounds. This newly proposed building typology, a coexistence of the collective republic and hierarchical towers is conceived as an adaptable model that can be placed anywhere around the world, such as Hong Kong, Dubai and NewYork. (* To narrow it down to details especially of the connection with the ground level, this time the project is situated at the West Kowloon Park in Hong Kong.) It caters to a wide spectrum of users, possessing both a communal mode of living of a co-developed Republic and a more private, hierarchical living structure embodied in supertall buildings.

1

THESIS RESEARCH REPORT The final design project builds upon the thesis research report, which initiates the newly proposed ‘Self-contained Vertical Community’ principles, a high-rise typology related to collectivist interaction and structural implications. Methodologically, the research adopts a dual approach embodied in both qualitative and quantitative ways. The qualitative method establishes the theoretical foundation via literature review, case studies, and design development. It primarily engages with an interpretation of Yamamoto’s LCA philosophy, particularly his propositions on collectivist living.Quantitatively, the study examines the structural feasibility of these proposed high-rise forms by STAAD Pro simulations. A database of 100 tall building precedents is established to analyse both architectural factors and structural systems.

The link to the thesis research report: https://issuu.com/weiyefan/docs/thesis_research_report_wei_yefan 2

100 TALL BUILDINGS DATABASE The thesis research has compiled a database of 100 existing tall building cases all over the world to investigate the high-rise typology, exploring both their architectural composition and structural systems. These buildings are systematically classified according to their key parameters including the overall height, aspect ratio, programme, primary structural system, typical plan in scale and spatial layout. It provides a reference that informs subsequent high-rise design, particularly related to scale, structure, and spatial proportions.

3

SEMI-COMMONS & COMMONS Semi-Commons indicates in-between spaces connecting the fully private and fully public domains. They are converted into small family enterprises that serve the whole community. These small enterprises are managed by the residents. Here illustrates a group of prototypes. Each combines a small private dwelling for the owners with the larger Semi-Commons programmed for shared use, such as the cafeteria, bank branch, laundry and clinic.

4

5

6

Apartments - Lower Part

Apartments - Middle Part

Penthouses - Upper Part

7

Republic - Level 1

Republic - Level 2

Republic - Level 3 8

THE TOWER - APARTMENTS High-rise living is more engineered and capital-oriented and always manifests a hierarchical structure where wealthier people tend to occupy higher levels.

They are willing to pay a premium, that drives increased investment in building greater heights.

The spatial configuration within the towers follows a hierarchical frame. The larger floor plates at the lower levels accommodate multiple apartment units while as it goes higher, the reduced floor plan are transformed into fewer and more exclusive spaces, ending up with penthouses units at top levels. As each tower can be roughly categorized into three zones split by these transitional levels, the three lift clusters showcase a clear zoning strategy in vertical transportation.

9

THE TOWER - AMENITIES The newly proposed structural system features steel-braced corner frames, allowing the central zone which is traditionally occupied by an RC core, to be freed as an open void space for vertical transportation and even exposed services.

These corner frames are reinforced and interconnected at these tapered levels to resist lateral forces.

The MEP Levels are concealed within these tapered levels every designated height and the luxury amenities are placed beneath to serve the units, enveloped with specially designed fluctuant diamonds on the façade. And residents living in the towers can also have access to the Republic, which may provide public facilities to support daily needs.

10

THE REPUBLIC - TOP VIEW Inspired by Riken Yamamoto’s ‘Local Community Area’ principles, the proposed Republic challenges the conventional dwelling mode of ‘One house is equal to one family.’ Instead, it advocates for collective housing and intends to reconfigure the traditional family structure by minimizing the notion of privacy and encouraging shared domestic life.

Private space is deliberately reduced to its bare essentials in these units, nearly limited to only bedrooms and bathrooms that reflects the intentional minimisation of privacy. Most units are positioned either at the top levels or adjacent to internal voids, ensuring access to sufficient sunlight.

11

THE REPUBLIC - SEMI-COMMONS The areas outside the unit doors are converted into small family enterprises, such as the cafeteria, market and clinic. These small enterprises are managed by the residents. Each pairing of Semi-Commons and its ancillary private units is intended for rent rather than ownership. Every business owner is entitled to cease operations at the end of their lease and vacate, waiting for the new potential operators taking over and revitalizing this zone afterwards.

Building upon the Semi-Commons idea from the thesis report, the further developed proposal advances towards a complete dissolution of boundaries, making these Semi-commons operate without separation from their surroundings and allowing daily public movement across these spaces.This intentional design makes it hard to identify the specific boundaries among these programmes and eliminate the notion of corridors.

12

THE REPUBLIC - COMMONS DAYTIME The republic operates as a hybrid of Semi-commons and Commons at the programmatic dimension. Commons are collectively managed by the Republic and supports larger public facilities that require more extensive outdoor areas, such as the sports court, children’s playground, winter gardens.

Setback platforms along the building perimeter, internal courtyards and large spiral stair within are all designated to host these shared activities. Additionally, the vegetation scattered in the Republic enhances a sense of vitality.

13

THE REPUBLIC - COMMONS NIGHTTIME The image illustrates its versatility as an informal auditorium, accommodating audiences during performances or music festivals. Different from the purely utilitarian staircases, this large spiral stair is a representative example that shows a public gesture. It becomes a social place where people can sit, read, communicate, and even wave to residents living in the surrounding units.

Ultimately, the Republic is conceived as an exploration of an alternative socioeconomic model, one that encourages interaction on a daily basis and collective sharing of resources led by these family enterprises.

14

THE PUBLIC - GROUND LEVEL This newly proposed building typology, a coexistence of the collective republic and hierarchical towers is conceived as an adaptable model that can be place anywhere around the world, such as Hong Kong, Dubai and New York.To narrow it down to the details especially of the connection with the ground level, this time the project is situated at theWest Kowloon Park in Hong Kong.

The major road traverses the ground level and as much of the site area is occupied by the parkland, portions of the existing landscape are retained.

The staircases and lifts heading to the republic are given some architectural intervention instead of rigid concrete enclosed fire safety staircase to further reinforce a lively connection with the site context. These distinctive vertical circulations are designed to attract people moving up to the republic.

15

Architectural Study Model

Structural Study Model 16

N2 N1 Z

N3 N4

X

Steel Member Properties

Column Buckling Analysis:

Upper Part:

Buckling Criteria: Control Buckling ≤ 1.0

Column (Core) & Bracing:

Column (Non-core):

18mm A: 396.0 cm2 I: 1520461.8 cm4

1100mm N5

Upper Part:

18mm A: 288.0 cm2 I: 574147.3 cm4

800mm

B1 C3

C1

Middle Part:

N6

C4

B2

Column (Core) & Bracing:

i = Root (1520461.8cm4 / 396cm2) = 61.96cm λ(C) = 450cm / 61.96 = 7 λ(B) = 2012cm / 61.96 = 32 Columns:

C2

Column (Non-core):

C1 - 7276.6kN / (396cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.85 < 1.0 C2 - 2933.7kN / (396cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.34 < 1.0 C3 - 8032.2kN / (396cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.94 < 1.0 C4 - 6461.2kN / (396cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.76 < 1.0

N7 55mm

N8

50mm 2

A: 1210.0 cm I: 4195792.0 cm4

1100mm

A: 800.0 cm2 I: 1412473.8 cm4

800mm

Bracings:

Lower Part: Column (Core) & Bracing: 100mm

100mm 2

1100mm

B1 - 5063.4kN / (396cm2 x 19.9kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.43 < 1.0 B2 - 7888.8kN / (396cm2 x 19.9kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.67 < 1.0

Column (Non-core):

A: 2200.0 cm I: 6733205.0 cm4

800mm

Middle Part:

A: 1600.0 cm2 I: 2333286.5 cm4 B3 C5

Lateral Displacement Analysis: N9 N10

i = Root (4195792.0cm4 / 1210cm2) = 58.89cm λ(C) = 450cm / 58.89 = 8 λ(B) = 2012cm / 58.89 = 34

C8 B4 C7

C6

Displacement Criteria: Max. Dis/ Height ≤ 1/500 1.2m/600m Occupied Height (Burj Khalifa as Reference)

Columns: C5 - 22862.9kN / (1210cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.88 < 1.0 C6 - 11436.7kN / (1210cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.44 < 1.0 C7 - 12553.5kN / (1210cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.48 < 1.0 C8 - 21807.8kN / (1210cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.84 < 1.0

Upper Part:

N11 N12

Wind X:

Wind Z:

N1 - 787.3mm / 486m = 1/617 N2 - 787.9mm / 486m = 1/616 N3 - 755.5mm / 486m = 1/643 N4 - 754.7mm / 486m = 1/643

N1 - 518.3mm / 486m = 1/937 N2 - 505.1mm / 486m = 1/962 N3 - 504.0mm / 486m = 1/964 N4 - 517.3mm / 486m = 1/939

Bracings: B3 - 19700.1kN / (1210cm2 x 19.7kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.55 < 1.0 B4 - 12750.8kN / (1210cm2 x 19.7kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.36 < 1.0

Lower Part:

Middle Part: Wind X:

Wind Z:

N5 - 546.4mm / 378m = 1/691 N6 - 517.0mm / 378m = 1/731 N7 - 480.5mm / 342m = 1/711 N8 - 438.4mm / 342m = 1/780

N5 - 368.5mm / 378m = 1/1025 N6 - 356.1mm / 378m = 1/1061 N7 - 331.6mm / 342m = 1/1031 N8 - 321.3mm / 342m = 1/1064

C12 C9

B6 B5 C11

C10

Lower Part:

Lateral Displacement by Wind Load Assigned Wind Force: 1kN/m2

Wind X:

Wind Z:

N9 - 87.6mm / 162m = 1/1849 N10 - 89.4mm / 162m = 1/1812 N11 - 70.3mm / 126m = 1/1792 N12 - 67.2mm / 126m = 1/1875

N9 - 77.2mm / 162m = 1/2098 N10 - 88.0mm / 162m = 1/1840 N11 - 56.5mm / 126m = 1/2230 N12 - 66.0mm / 126m = 1/1909

i = Root (6733205.0cm4 / 2200cm2) = 55.32cm λ(C) = 450cm / 55.32cm = 8 λ(B) = 2012cm / 55.32cm = 36 Columns: C9 - 19940.4kN / (2200cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.42 < 1.0 C10 - 14026.2kN / (2200cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.30 < 1.0 C11 - 39902.1kN / (2200cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.84 < 1.0 C12 - 47633.0kN / (2200cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 1.00 = 1.0 Bracings:

Column Buckling by Gravity Load Assigned Wind Force: 7.0 kN/m2 (DD) + 1.3kN/m2 (LD)+ Self-weight

B5 - 22979.4kN / (2200cm2 x 19.5kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.36 < 1.0 B6 - 33303.5kN / (2200cm2 x 19.5kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.52 < 1.0

17

N2 N1 N4

Z

N3 X

Steel Member Properties

Column Buckling Analysis:

Upper Part:

Buckling Criteria: Control Buckling ≤ 1.0

Column (Core) & Bracing:

Column (Non-core):

25mm A: 500.0 cm2 I: 1545751.2 cm4

1000mm

Upper Part:

25mm A: 400.0 cm2 I: 776600.6 cm4

800mm

Middle Part:

N7

A: 1300.0 cm I: 3559123.8 cm4

A: 960.0 cm2 I: 1631519.5 cm4

800mm

Bracings:

Lower Part:

N8

Column (Core) & Bracing:

100mm 2

1000mm

B1 - 7331.4kN / (500cm2 x 19.5kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.50 < 1.0 B2 - 5676.4kN / (396cm2 x 19.5kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.39 < 1.0

Column (Non-core):

100mm A: 2200.0 cm I: 4919908.5 cm4

800mm

Middle Part:

A: 1600.0 cm2 I: 2333286.5 cm4

Lateral Displacement Analysis: N9

C1 - 9619.8kN / (500cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.89 < 1.0 C2 - 6566.9kN / (500cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.60 < 1.0 C3 - 6573.0kN / (500cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.61 < 1.0 C4 - 9808.8kN / (500cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.91 < 1.0

60mm 2

1000mm

Columns:

C2

Column (Non-core):

65mm N6

C3

C4

C1

Column (Core) & Bracing: N5

B2

B1

i = Root (1545751.2cm4 / 500cm2) = 55.60cm λ(C) = 450cm / 55.60 = 8 λ(B) = 2012cm / 55.60 = 36

C7

B3 C5

i = Root (3559123.8cm4 / 1300cm2) = 52.32cm λ(C) = 450cm / 52.32 = 9 λ(B) = 2012cm / 52.32 = 38

B4 C6

C8

Columns:

Displacement Criteria: Max. Dis/ Height ≤ 1/500 1.2m/600m Occupied Height (Burj Khalifa as Reference)

N10

N11 N12

C5 - 11278.6kN / (1300cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.40 < 1.0 C6 - 24136.3kN / (1300cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.86 < 1.0 C7 - 22005.9kN / (1300cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.79 < 1.0 C8 - 21719.0kN / (1300cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.78 < 1.0

Upper Part: Wind X:

Wind Z:

N1 - 639.7mm / 450m = 1/703 N2 - 659.3mm / 450m = 1/682 N3 - 699.8mm / 450m = 1/643 N4 - 678.6mm / 450m = 1/663

N1 - 868.5mm / 450m = 1/518 N2 - 814.6mm / 450m = 1/552 N3 - 791.9mm / 450m = 1/568 N4 - 841.6mm / 450m = 1/534

Bracings: B3 - 20092.3kN / (1300cm2 x 19.2kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.54 < 1.0 B4 - 15511.0kN / (1300cm2 x 19.2kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.41 < 1.0

Lower Part:

Middle Part: Wind X:

Wind Z:

N5 - 380.4mm / 306m = 1/804 N6 - 416.2mm / 306m = 1/735 N7 - 327.7mm / 270m = 1/823 N8 - 362.6mm / 270m = 1/744

N5 - 524.1mm / 306m = 1/583 N6 - 468.7mm / 306m = 1/652 N7 - 472.3mm / 270m = 1/571 N8 - 404.9mm / 270m = 1/666

C11 C9

C12

B5 B6 C10

Lateral Displacement by Wind Load Assigned Wind Force: 1kN/m2

Wind Z:

N9 - 163.4mm / 162m = 1/991 N10 - 181.8mm / 162m = 1/891 N11 - 127.8mm / 126m = 1/985 N12 - 146.6mm / 126m = 1/859

N9 - 231.0mm / 162m = 1/701 N10 - 179.4mm / 162m = 1/903 N11 - 184.7mm / 126m = 1/682 N12 - 138.5mm / 126m = 1/909

Columns: C9 - 34713.0kN / (2000cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.81 < 1.0 C10 - 23336.6kN / (2000cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.54 < 1.0 C11 - 42107.3kN / (2000cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.98 < 1.0 C12 - 39043.8kN / (2000cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.91 < 1.0

Lower Part: Wind X:

i = Root (4919908.5cm4 / 2000cm2) = 49.60cm λ(C) = 450cm / 49.60 = 9 λ(B) = 2012cm / 49.60 = 41

Bracings: Column Buckling by Gravity Load Assigned Wind Force: 7.0 kN/m2 (DD) + 1.3kN/m2 (LD)+ Self-weight

B5 - 28165.7kN / (2000cm2 x 18.9kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.50 < 1.0 B6 - 20092.3kN / (2000cm2 x 18.9kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.35 < 1.0

18

N2 N3

N1 Z

X

N4

Steel Member Properties

Column Buckling Analysis:

Upper Part:

Buckling Criteria: Control Buckling ≤ 1.0

Column (Core) & Bracing:

Column (Non-core):

20mm A: 460.0 cm2 I: 1924424.2 cm4

1150mm

Upper Part:

15mm A: 240.0 cm2 I: 483904.0 cm4

800mm

C2

Middle Part: N5

N6

Column (Core) & Bracing:

Column (Non-core):

55mm

N7

A: 1265.0 cm I: 4826140.5 cm4

1150mm

C4

B1 C3

Columns: C1 - 2150.5kN / (460cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.22 < 1.0 C2 - 9245.6kN / (460cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.93 < 1.0 C3 - 9162.2kN / (460cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.93 < 1.0 C4 - 9804.2kN / (460cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.99 < 1.0

45mm 2

N8

C1

B2

A: 800.0 cm2 I: 1295665.8 cm4

800mm

Bracings:

Lower Part: Column (Core) & Bracing:

B1 - 5268.7kN / (460cm2 x 20.0kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.38 < 1.0 B2 - 5296.5kN / (460cm2 x 20.0kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.38 < 1.0

Column (Non-core):

100mm

80mm 2

1150mm

A: 2300.0 cm I: 7787356.0 cm4

800mm

Middle Part:

A: 1280.0 cm2 I: 2015192.6 cm4 C8

Lateral Displacement Analysis:

C5

B4

B3

C7 C6

N11

C5 - 11857.4kN / (1265cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.44 < 1.0 C6 - 27043.4kN / (1265cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.99 < 1.0 C7 - 24916.2kN / (1265cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.92 < 1.0 C8 - 17111.3kN / (1265cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.63 < 1.0

Upper Part: N10

N12

Wind X:

Wind Z:

N1 - 751.2mm / 414m = 1/551 N2 - 752.2mm / 414m = 1/550 N3 - 784.8mm / 414m = 1/527 N4 - 789.4mm / 414m = 1/524

N1 - 457.8mm / 414m = 1/904 N2 - 456.1mm / 414m = 1/907 N3 - 456.3mm / 414m = 1/907 N4 - 459.2mm / 414m = 1/901

Bracings: B3 - 14317.4kN / (1265cm2 x 19.8kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.38 < 1.0 B4 - 9409.8kN / (1265cm2 x 19.8kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.25 < 1.0

Lower Part:

Middle Part: Wind X:

Wind Z:

N5 - 512.2mm / 306m = 1/597 N6 - 514.2mm / 306m = 1/595 N7 - 434.8mm / 270m = 1/602 N8 - 456.3mm / 270m = 1/591

N5 - 308.1mm / 306m = 1/993 N6 - 314.9mm / 306m = 1/971 N7 - 279.1mm / 270m = 1/967 N8 - 280.7mm / 270m = 1/961

C12

C9

B6

C11

B5

C10

Lateral Displacement by Wind Load Assigned Wind Force: 1kN/m2

Wind Z:

N9 - 36.6mm / 90m = 1/2459 N10 - 48.7mm / 90m = 1/1848 N11 - 23.1mm / 54m = 1/2337 N12 - 22.6mm / 54m = 1/2389

N9 - 40.5mm / 90m = 1/2222 N10 - 44.9mm / 90m = 1/2004 N11 - 21.5mm / 54m = 1/2511 N12 - 19.9mm / 54m = 1/2713

i = Root (7787356.0cm4 / 2300cm2) = 58.19cm λ(C) = 450cm / 58.19 = 8 λ(B) = 2012cm / 58.19 = 35 Columns: C9 - 10709.1kN / (2300cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.22 < 1.0 C10 - 49639.1kN / (2300cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 1.00 = 1.0 C11 - 38676.5kN / (2300cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.78 < 1.0 C12 - 34416.1kN / (2300cm2 x 21.5kN/cm2) = 0.70 < 1.0

Lower Part: Wind X:

i = Root (4826140.5cm4 / 1265cm2) = 61.77cm λ(C) = 450cm / 61.77 = 7 λ(B) = 2012cm / 61.77 = 33 Columns:

Displacement Criteria: Max. Dis/ Height ≤ 1/500 1.2m/600m Occupied Height (Burj Khalifa as Reference) N9

i = Root (1924424.2cm4 / 460cm2) = 64.68cm λ(C) = 450cm / 64.68 = 7 λ(B) = 2012cm / 64.68 = 31

Bracings: Column Buckling by Gravity Load Assigned Wind Force: 7.0 kN/m2 (DD) + 1.3kN/m2 (LD)+ Self-weight

B5 - 27689.6kN / (2300cm2 x 19.6kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.41 < 1.0 B6 - 23013.0kN / (2300cm2 x 19.6kN/cm2 x 1.5) = 0.34 < 1.0

19

N4

N3

N5

m

114

54

m

72

m

N2

80m

90

m

N1

Assigned Steel Member Properties

Steel Member Properties:

Beam Deflection Analysis:

Upper Part:

Deflection Criteria: ≤ (Column Spanning)/250 Primary Column Spanning - 18m

Column (Core) & Bracing:

Column (Non-core):

80mm

80mm 2

800mm

A: 1280.0 cm I: 2015192.6 cm4

800mm

A: 1280.0 cm2 I: 2015192.6 cm4

Gravity Load Case: 1. Dead Load: 7.0 kN/m2 = 3.6 kN/m2 (Concrete Slab) + 1.5 kN/m2 (Finishing) + 1.9 kN/m2 (Wall & Facade) 2. Live Load: 1.3 kN/m2 (Furniture & Appliance) 3. Steel Member Self-Weight

Assigned Gravity Load: 448.2 kN/m2 = (Dead Load + Live Load) x 18m (Spanning) x 3 Levels 224.1 kN/m2 = (Dead Load + Live Load) x 9m (Spanning) x 3 Levels Assigned Gravity Load Case

Case 1 (Without Additional Constraints): Node 1: 482.6mm Node 2: 94.2mm Node 3: 116.2mm Node 4: 196.5mm Node 5: 199.9mm

482.6mm/90m = 1/186 > 1/250 94.2mm/80m = 1/849 < 1/250 116.2mm/114m = 1/981 < 1/250 196.5mm/54m = 1/274 < 1/250 199.9mm/72m = 1/360 < 1/250

Case 2 (With Additional Constraints): Node 1: 84.9mm Node 2: 69.8mm Node 3: 116.8mm Node 4: 200.0mm Node 5: 200.7mm

84.9mm/90m = 1/1060 < 1/250 69.8mm/80m = 1/1146 < 1/250 116.8mm/114m = 1/976 < 1/250 200.0mm/54m = 1/270 < 1/250 201.0mm/72m = 1/358 < 1/250 20

02 SKYBRIDGE SANCTUARY Location: Singal Hill, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia Programme: Regenerative Retreat Time: Jan.- Apr. 2025 Type: GroupWork Instructor: Shinya Okuda

Standing monumentally on Signal Hill, Skybridge Sanctuary creates a distinctively Sabahan retreat experience. It features six towers, each providing a dual guest experience: lower-level suites immerse visitors in the forest, while upper-level suites present panoramic views of seas as well as Mount Kinabalu. Each tower is linked by a longitudinal overhead bridge, creating spaces that invite both social interaction and peaceful solitude. Nestled on the same level of the towers are communal spaces, catering to varying retreat experiences. The southern sectors hum with activity, featuring boutiques and dining spaces, while the northern sectors offer a serene atmosphere with wellness amenities like spas and jacuzzis.

Drawing inspiration from `Shinrin-Yoku` (Forest Bathing), the design encourages deep and mindful immersion in nature. A water runnel traces the central pathway where the gentle flow of water creates a continuous, calming sound that improves the sensory experience. Several pavilions are scattered throughout the site, offering moments of rest and contemplation.

Towards the northern part of the site, there is a long bridge that allows users to go directly to the neighbouring wetlands, offering a seamless experience of nature . The architecture itself pays homage to Sabah's rich heritage, with the form inspired by traditional fish catching baskets and interior spaces adorned with local cultural motifs.

21

Renewable Material

Passive Design Kampung Gipsi Sabah Village

Signal Hill Area

Natural Landscape

Indigenous Culture

KOTA KINABALU, SABAH, MALAYSIA

Community Engagement 22

Tower Typology By arranging residential units in a vertical configuration, the tower reduces its footprint on the site, making it possible to restore the ground level to its natural state. Its tall structure naturally functions as an observatory, drawing people upward to take in sweeping views of the surrounding sea and mountains.

Fishing Catching Basket in Sabah The no-return fishtrap, known as the bubu, is a traditional fishing tool originating from the indigenous communities of Sabah. Beyond its practical use in fishing, it holds cultural significance, representing a way of life that has been handed down through generations.

N

0

10

20

30

40

60 m

23

0

2

4

6

10

14 m

24

PLAZA

TIMBER TECTONICS Eucalyptus glulam timber combined with RC cores constitutes the primary structural system of these towers, which gradually taper from the first floor to the top, reducing their visual impact on the site. The façade is finished with balau wood, enveloping and protecting the internal eucalyptus glulam framework.

OVERHEAD BRIDGE

On the third floor, the glulam beams are deepened and extended to carry the load of the overhead bridge. This bridge, spanning the space between the two towers, is further reinforced with bowstring truss beneath it. Sliding windows with timber slats provide adjustable shading while also allowing for cross ventilation.

25

LOBBY

STANDARD SUITE

SUITE

0

1

2

3

4 m

PREMIUM SUITE 26

4

3

2

1

5

Plaza Level: 1. Reception 2. Sitting Area 3. Gift Shop 4. Bridge to Forest 5. Plaza

N 0 2 4 6 10

14 m

6

11 7

14

12

8

15

9 10

13

Bridge Level: 6. Forest Pavilion 7. Art Gallery 8. Cafe 9. Restaurant 10. Kitchen 11. Sauna 12. Jacuzzi 13. Retail Store 14. Massage Room 15. Overhead Bridge

27

SHINRIN YOKU

1

Connection to Wetland 2 3

4

1. Double Glazing in Aluminium Frame 2. Fabric Sunblind 3. 10mm Balau Timber Shingle; Balau TimberBattens; Membrane Seal Counterbattens on Roof Panel Oriented-strand Board with Insulation 4. Eucalyptus Glue Lam. Timber Rafters 5. Vertical Lam. Timber with Steel Flat 6. Eucalyptus Bench Painted 5

6

BRIDGE TO FOREST

28

03 SOLAR ENERGY FACTORY Location: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Programme: Solar Energy Institute Time: Feb.- May 2023 Type: IndividualWork Instructor: Peter Mitchell, Emma Curtin

The CCS studio project, titled “Made in Liverpool” (Year 3, Semester 2) centres on a refurbishment project situated within the campus. Chadwick Laboratories and Tower are designed by Basil Spencer in 1957-59, but the building has been partially dilapidated for many years and is designated by the university to be demolished.We will work with existing structures and strike the balance between conservation and reconstruction approaches.

Pritzker winning architect Anne Lacaton describes demolition as “an act of violence”. Solar Energy Factory aims to repurpose obsolete electronic devices sourced within the university and transform these disassembled units into solar-energy driven products, such as a handhold solar power bank. The refurbishment project, funded by Community Interest Company, not only facilitates the university’s scientific research but reduces carbon emissions as well by minimizing electronic waste.The building itself features a robust energy self-sufficiency system with a series of solar panels installed for electricity supply. Operable perforated metal louvres on the double-skin façade effectively regulate heat gain. The extended zigzagged staircases enhance the spatial continuity and fluidity.

29

E-WASTE REPURPOSING E-waste recycling refers to the reprocessing of electronic wastes. The making space is dedicated to recycling obsolete units, such as circuit boards, sourced from discarded electronic devices within the university that can be reassembled into a new device. Individuals deposit their outdated devices in the drop-off area for categorization. The design department is engaged in the innovation of solar-powered products and repurposing the components. These units are subjected to rigorous testing in the laboratory and reassembled in the workshop before sale.

CLIENT & STAKEHOLDERS The client is Community Interest Company (CIC), introduced by UK government, aiming to utilize their assets and benefits for public interest. On one hand, the project serves the society by generating benefits by selling products and reduces carbon emissions by repurposing units. On the other hand, it elevates the university’s reputation, by enhancing technological innovation and offering job opportunities.

30

CHADWICK (1964) The existing building is designed by Basil Spencer in the 1950s. The tower section, which has been dilapidated for years, was mainly used for physics laboratories.

Old schemes all follow a similar form, resulting in regularity. The refurbishment project presents an opportunity to deviate from this uniformity.

Twelve reinforced concrete columns constitute the primary structure.

Precast concrete panels alternate with metalframed windows.

The plant room is hidden by the weave-like pattern on the roof.

31

SUMMER

WINTER

The louvres are open in winter as the heat should be supplemented for the internal space.

In summer, they are closed to prevent extreme heat.Only a little sunlight can penetratethrough the apertures. Also, the gaps between the doubleskin façade with the chimney on the rooftop facilitates the stack effect.

32

1. Reception 2. Plant Room 3. Seminar Gallery 4. Solar Energy Laboratory

5. Equipment Store 6. Teaching Lab 7. Meeting Room 8. Student Library

9. Changing Room 10. Unisex Toilet 11. Lecture Hall 12. Break Out Space

13. Drop-off Area 14. Communal Eating Space 15. Commercial Kitchen 16. Outside Eating Space

17. Private Eating Space 18. Gift Shop 19. Exhibition Space 20. Office Space

21. Product Store 22. Computer Suite 23. Product Laboratory 24. Equipment Store

25. Reassembling Workshop 26. Fixing Workshop 27. Disassembling Workshop 28. Testing Equipment Room

29. Outdoor Experimentation 30. Louvre Control Room

1. 370mm Concrete Roof Balustrade 2. 18mm Metal Roof Membrane 3. 12mm Waterproof Membrane 4. Preformed Coping (GPR) 5. 25mm Plywood Capping 6. 50mm Light Concrete 7. 110mm Acoustics Insulation 8. 350mm Reinforced Concrete Slab 9. 12mm Gyspum Internal Sheathing 10. 165mm EPS Thermal Insulation 11. 14mm Vapour Barrier 12. 600mm Reinforced Concrete Column 13. Operable Metal Louvre 14. Perforated Steel I-Beam for Cantilever 15. Horizontal Hollow Steel Batten 16. Vertical Hollow Steel Batten 17. 80mm Steel Cross Bracing 18. 55mm Cobble Ground for Balcony 19. 42mm Drainage Layer 20. Pipe for Rainwater Drainage

PERFORATED METAL LOUVRES Perforated metal panels with its frames are affixed within the hollow steel sections. The on-off state of the louvres can be manipulated in the control room, and their angles can be adjusted based on different seasonal requirements.

In winter, the louvres are open to allow for additional solar heat to warm up internal spaces. During the summer times, the louvres are closed to mitigate extreme heat, permitting only a minimal amount of sunlight to penetrate into internal spaces, maintaining a cooler indoor environment.

33

Restaurant & Cafe

Seminar Gallery

Reassembling Workshop

Self-power Supply 34

Working with existing structures enables an interesting continuity and connection with the history of a site. Initially, the rooftop of single-storey building served few purposes, apart from a few ducts in place. In the refurbishment, the roof is fully utilized to accommodate a series of solar panel, harnessing solar energy for electricity supply. Additionally, students have have the the chance chance to to take seminars and do experiments on solar cells in outdoor spaces. This project boldly features blue for the newly added structures, which serves a dual purpose – differentiating the extended structures from the existing ones and establishing building as a distinctive landmark for the university.

35

04 THE 'TEMPERNENT' Location: Makansutra Gluttons Bay, Marina Bay, Singapore Programme: Hawker Centre & Hawker Culture Museum Time: Aug.- Nov. 2024 Type: Individual Work Instructor: Pier Alessio Rizzardi

36

'TEMPERNENT' MANIFESTO

In contemporary architecture, spaces often fall into two extremes: they are either excessively temporary, quickly erected and dismantled with limited longevity, or overly permanent, designed with rigid structures that lack adaptability over time. It fails to address the dynamic needs of modern societies, which are constantly evolving in terms of usage, population, and environmental impact. Spaces that are too temporary may lack the robustness to withstand change, while overly permanent structures often lack flexibility, becoming obsolete or environmentally burdensome. This dichotomy restricts resilience, a critical quality in architecture that enables spaces to adapt over time.

My proposition seeks to bridge the divide between temporary and permanent spaces by combining elements of both to achieve greater resilience in architectural design. This hybrid approach offers a sustainable, long-lasting solution by enabling spaces to be modified or reconfigured with minimal environmental impact, eliminating the need for demolition or abandonment. By balancing enduring infrastructure with adaptable, responsive elements, this concept aims to create spaces that grow and change alongside the communities they serve, addressing both immediate requirements and future demands. It overcomes the limitations of purely temporary or rigid designs, offering a more dynamic and sustainable vision for the built environment.

My research is structured into four scales: Time, Function, Technology, and Experience.

Time Scale: The site, Makansutra Gluttons Bay, is chosen for its historical and cultural significance. Just as ancient landmarks are preserved and adapted over time, Makansutra can evolve while maintaining its hawker heritage.

Function Scale: Installations and food centers are temporary due to changing business strategies, while museums and cathedrals are more permanent. My design retains the hawker center while adding a cultural museum above, showcasing the contrast between transient and lasting functions.

Technology Scale: The ground level features reinforced concrete vaults but remains open to emphasize temporality.The upper levels are enclosed in translucent insulated glass—lighter in material but more permanent in spatial function.The layered arches create an ambiguous boundary, fostering accessibility while maintaining architectural integrity.

Experience Scale: The museum’s layout blends temporary (radial, open-plan) and permanent (linear, structured) circulation.

Curved walls reinforce a sense of permanence, while straight walls emphasize flexibility. The top level, featuring an arched roof and diffused sunlight, supports dynamic exhibition spaces.

37

TEMPORARY

PERMANENT

Regular Spaces

EXPERIENCE

Pompidou Centre, Rogers & Piano

Port House Antwerp, Zaha Hadid

Dynamic Spaces

Ti

Ex

Te

Ex

Fu

Short-term

TIME

Long-term

Unintended Purpose

FUNCTION

Intended Purpose

Heavy Material & Solid Geometry

Ex

Ex

Te

DominousWinery, Herzog & de Meuron

Ex

Ti

Te

Ex

Te

Universita Luigi Bocconi, Grafton Architects

Ex

Ti

Te

Ex

530 Dwellings, Lacation & Vassal

Ex

Te

Fu

Exeter Library, Louis Kahn

Ti

Te

Fu

Barbican Centre, Chamberlin, Powell & Bon

Fu

Ti

Fu

Fu

Congrexpo, Rem Koolhaas

Ti

Fu

Ti

Te

ThermeVals, Peter Zumthor

Ex

Fu

Ti

Te

Fu

Ex

Te

Paimio Sanatorium, Alvar Aalto

Ti

TECHNOLOGY

Ti

Fu

Bourse de Commerce,Tadao Ando

Lightweight Material & Geometry

Neue Nationalgalerie, Mies van der Rohe

Ti

Ti

Te

Ex

Fu

Te

Fu

EXPERIENCE Open Plan - Very Temporary

Linear Circulation - Permanent

Zoning - Very Permanent

Start Museum, Jean Nouvel

British Museum

Zaishui Art Museum, Junya Ishigami

Tate Modern, Herzog & de Meuron

Barcelona Pavilion, Mie van der Rohe

Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya

Sifang Art Museum, Steven Holl

Musem of Art Pudong, Jean Nouvel

Kunsthaus Bregenz, Peter Zumthor

London National Gallery

Guggenheim Museum, Frank Lloyd Wright

Pompidou Centre, Rogers & Piano

Guggenheim Museum, Frank Gehry

Chichu Art Museum,Tadao Ando

21th Century Museum, SANAA

Kimbell Art Museum, Renzo Piano

TEMPORARY

Radial Circulation - Temporary

PERMANENT 38

TECHNOLOGY

Material

Geometry

Temporary

I-Beam

Temporary

Permanent

Truss

Arch

Permanent

Vault

Steel

Timber

Stone

Concrete

Cubic & Solid

Glass

Zinc

Brick

Rammed Earth

Arch

Canopy

Container

Pillar

......

......

......

......

FUNCTION

Installation

Factory

Food Centre

College

Museum

Administration

Miracle

TEMPORARY

PERMANENT

Pavilion

Villa

Shopping Centre

Library

Sports Stadium

Cathedral

TIME Installation Design - Very Temporary

TEMPORARY

Temporary Activities - Temporary

Extension & Refurbishment - Permanent

Historical & Cultural Significance - Very Permanent

PERMANENT 39

Found in 2005, Makansutra Gluttons Bay is a famous outdoor hawker centre located near the Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay. It has become an iconic dining destination, offering various local street food and a nostalgic experience of Singapore’s hawker culture. Gluttons Bay is home to a small but diverse range of stalls offering traditional Singaporean hawker fare.

As hawker culture in Singapore has been recognized by UNESCO for its cultural significance, there can be more efforts to preserve this heritage. Gluttons Bay may undergo further revitalization or expansion to ensure it remains a prominent feature in Singapore’s tourism and food landscape.With the international recognition of Singaporean hawker food, there’s potential for Gluttons Bay to inspire events or even become a permanent place, showcasing the Singapore street food experience.

40

Design Stage 1

Design Stage 2

Design Stage 3 41

8 9

2

10

11 12 13 6

14

7

15

1 3 4 5

16 17 18 19 20 21

22

1. Dining Space 2. Food Stalls 3. Exhibition Space 4. Reception 5. Staff Office 6. Collection Storage 7. Meeting Room 8. Kitchenette 9. Control Room 10. Projection Room 11. Specialist Library 12. Plant Room

N

0 2 4 6

10

12 m

1. DOUBLE GLAZED UNIT: 25MM TOUGHENED AND HEAT STRENGTHENED 2. GALVANISED STEEL FLASHING 3. DRAINAGE CHANNEL ON THE GAP BETWEEN THE TWO ARCHED ROOFS 4. PLASTERBOARD AND SKIM 5. SUNLIGHT DIFFUSER HANGING ON THE CEILING 6. THERMOPLASTIC OLEFIN (TPO) ROOFING MEMBRANE OVER SLOPED INSULATION 7. WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE 8. PAINTED ALUMINUM COPING 9. GUTTER FIXED TO FASCIA 10. METAL FLASHING ON THE ROOF 11. FIREPROOFED STEEL FRAME 12. MOTORIZED SOLAR CONTROL SHADES 13. SINGLE LAYER OF LAMINATED GLASS 14. WHITE PAINTED SUSPENSION ROD 15. DOUBLE LAYERS OF U-PROFILE GLASS UNITS WITH TRANSLUCENT INSULATION 16. EPS THERMAL INSULATION 17. PLASTERBOARD FOR THE INTERNAL FINISH 18. BONDEK SLAB (CORRUGATED STEEL DECKING COVERED WITH REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB 19. PERFORATED I-BEAM BELOW BONDEK SLAB 20. LIGHTING SYSTEM INSTALLED ON SUSPENSION ROD 21. STEEL BATTENS TO FIX TRANSLUCENT INSULATED GLASS 22. LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE TO FLATTEN THE SURFACE 23. REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN STRUCTURE SHAPING VAULTS ON THE GROUNG LEVEL 24. RIGID INSULATION BELOW THE CONCRETE SLAB 25. DAMP PROOF MEMBRANE 26. GROUND FLLO SCREED FINISH TO FLATTEN THE SURFACE 27. ALUMINIUM FLOOR STRIPS 28. LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT CONCRETE 29. GRAVEL LAYER 30. REINFORCED CONCRETE FOOTING

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

42

43

05 BEES' POCKET GARDEN Location: Sefton Park, Liverpool, UK Programme: Bee Education Centre Time: Sept.- Dec. 2022 Type: Individual Work Instructor: Michael Southern, Emma Curtin

The design of the "Bee Education Centre" at CCS Studio (Year 3, Semester 1) aligns with the theme of "Resilient Cities," addressing today’s deteriorating environmental issues. Biodiversity is significant, with bees playing a pivotal role in pollinating one-third of our food supply, yet their populations are in jeopardy. Urban beekeeping aids in the conservation of bee species as well as creates educational and well-being prospects for urban residents.

The new community bee education centre within Sefton Park, made out of glulam timber as primary structure, composes a series of incidental external pocket gardens. The choice of building materials reflects our commitment to sustainability. Four bays, interconnected by glass houses, are arranged in an irregular way to accommodate varying outdoor requirements.

The tunnel traversing the building offers an intriguing educational setting for exhibition, allowing people to admire the lakeside scenery.The integrated apiary and planted areas create a welcoming habitat for bees. To the southeast is a specially designed landscape with beefriendly flowers, providing a home for bees to collect nectar. A path enhances the harmony and coexistence between these pollinators and human visitors.

44

Parking Area

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS Bee Species, Bees’ Living Habits, Breeding Skills, Products Sales, Professional Equipment, Teaching, etc.

Children's Playground

Historical Vicissitude The lake was once a popular venue for boating with boat hire facilities before 1970s.

The Lakeside Site

Palm House (For Social Events) Weddings, fairs and some other social events take place at the weekend.

ACCOMMODATION Apiary, Honey Extraction Room, Produce Store, Reception, Specialist Library, Exhibition Space, Reception, Office, etc.

Material and Surface The site is adjacent to a freshwater lake enclosed by broadleaved woodland.

RENEWABLE MATERIALS Cafe & Restaurant Surrounding Geology

Glued Laminated Timber (Primary Structure), Lime (Facade), Old Tyres (Foundation), Cedar Timber Shingles (Roof), etc.

Two rivers converage on the lake

The Base is Wilmslow Sandstone, while beneath the lake lies the Chester pebble bed.

SEFTON PARK The project’s target group includes children and retailers of bee-related products; Activities in the park, such as weddings in Palm House and Halloween Weekend, attract residents living in nearby communities; The parking area in the south-west facilitates accessibility. The children playground and cafes are set within the park.

LOCAL CONTEXT Tree (Holly, Wych Elm, Beech), Animal (Ducks, Pigeons) Species, Lake, Culture, Social Events (Halloween), etc.

45

THE SECTION The idea aims to create an interactive and captivating setting for children as the primary target group in the bee education centre. The section model, which is photographed on-site to test the lakeside scenery, evolves from the moments. Glulam Timber structure constructs the section part and reveals the core zone in the middle. Ancillary spaces, such as the honey extraction room and the specialist library, can be placed on the sides. The model showcases the testing of timber cladding and roof shingles in alignment with sustainability.

Hexagonal Element

Glulam Timber Structure

Lakeside Scenery

The Tunnel

THE MOMENT The design process begins with the creation of large-scale moment models, which serve as exploratory tools to investigate the threshold between interior and exterior spaces. The initial moment models convey my intention to create a central core space with additional functions arranged around it.

The final moment model captures the integration of two primary functions: the apiary and the exhibition space. The apiary is situated on the exterior, encircling the internal exhibition area. It allows visitors to observe and learn about the daily practices of beekeeping from within a protected environment. The chosen sustainable building material is glued laminated timber and the diagrid glulam timber structure creates a spacious space for the exhibition. Inside, visitors gain a comprehensive understanding of bees, while outside, they engage in hands-on experiences with protective suits.

Initial Moment

Final Moment

The Apiary

The Exhibition 46

ZOOMING OUT The section part serves as a single bay and transitions into four irregularly arranged bays when zoomed out. The tunnel, serving as the exhibition space, traverses the entire building and the gaps between the bays incidentally form the outdoor areas.

The four bays are connected by glass and steel structure.

OUTDOOR SPACES The four bays are arranged at slightly varying angles to accommodate the differing spatial needs of each outdoor area. The largest bay, which includes the apiary and the vegetation, faces southeast in alignment with the bees’ natural flight path.

Referred to as the bees’ pocket garden, this space illustrates the synergy between architecture and biodiversity.

Workshop

Apiary

Teaching Area

Planted Area 47

1. 20mm Timber Shingles Fixed on Wooden Battens 2. 50*50mm Wooden Batten Supporting Roof Shingles 3. 40*40mm Vertical Wooden Batten 4. Galvanised Steel Gutter for Drainage on the Roof 5. Glued Lamniated Timber Structure Supporting Roof 6. Steel Plate with Bolts Connecting Timber Components 7. 30mm Lime Mortar Facade 8. Mesh in between Two Layers of Lime Mortar 9. 50*50mm Timber Furring Fixing Cladding 10. 15mm Vapour Barrier Preventing Damp

11. 150mm Thermal Inuslation Preventing Heat Transmission 12. 20mm OSB Board Fixed to Thermal Insulation 13. 25mm Pine Wood for Internal Surface 14. 280mm Deep Soil Nurturing Vegetation 15. 16mm Filter Fabric below Growth Substrate 16. 50mm Drainage Layer Preventing Roots Going Rotten 17. 14mm Rubber Carpet Protection Layer 18. 18mm Root Barrier Protecting Structure below 19. 15mm Waterproofing Membrane Preventing Drainage

20. 300*250mm Timber Beams Supporting Vegetation 21. 220*220mm Glued Laminated Timber Columns 22. Marble Floor Tiles for Ground Floor 23. Lightweight Leveling Concrete below the Floor 24. Stacks of Old Tyres Composing Foundation Footings 25. Gravels Filling the Gaps among the Old Tyres 26. Steel Socket to Secure Columns to Old Tyres 27. Ropes Fixing Old Tyre Footings 28. Steel Base Plate

48

LANDSCAPE DESIGN The building blends into the surrounding natural landscape, harmonizing with the sloping terrain. To the southeast where the apiary is situated, the landscape is specially designed to facilitate honey collection by bees. An outdoor walkway along the terrain enhances human interaction. In terms of accessibility, the central tunnel pathway traversing the building is linked to the upper parking area. The beekeeper arrives at the site to find his colleagues already immersed in their tasks. After putting on his protective suit, he joins them in the apiary. As he tends to the beehives, he catches glimpses of the lakeside scenery, allowing him to work while enjoying the view.

49

06 THE TOWN TRACKS Location: Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, China Programme: Muti-purpose Cultural Centre Time: Jun.- Jul. 2020 & Jun.- Aug. 2022 (Polished) Type: Individual Work Instructor:Yuyi Zhao, HuaWang

This design belongs to one of the projects that I have participated in during the internship in Suzhou Planning & Design Research Institute. Zhuzhou’s industry is regarded as one of the headstreams of locomotives in China. The client is the Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Company and they have a vision to invest in designing a multi-purpose cultural centre in old Tianxin community, showcasing the culture and history of locomotives.

The design scheme “The Town Tracks” stems from my brainstormed ideas during the internship and I polished it afterwards. The project embraces an industrial aesthetic with grey tone, harmonizing with surrounding old residential buildings and revealing the cross-century development of locomotives. The building adopts long span techniques that prismatic lattice beams suspend from masts at the spine, turning the corner at the end and tying down to the ground. This technique aims to create spacious and column-free spaces where people are less likely to feel obstructed by architectural structure. A longitudinal corridor traverses the building, flanked by streamlined building forms. The overall composition mimics the appearance of railway tracks in accordance with the topic.

50

EDUCATIONAL PARK

CITY CULTURAL LANDMARK

ECOLOGICAL GARDEN

OLD INDUSTRIAL TOWN

HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL PARK

TRADITIONAL OLD TOWN

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

1920s

1940s

2020s

1960s

2000s

1980s

URBAN RAILWAY NETWORK 51

VISITOR CENTRE

EXHIBITION

The visitor centre provides information and services to visitors who intend to a specific zone. Visitors can counsel for the activities, encompassing sports and restaurants.

The locomotive sand tables and historical files are displayed in a museum zone accessible to the public, with the aim of recreating the appearance of the old town.

RESTAURANT

ACTIVITY CENTRE

Commercial spaces, like tearooms and cafes where people take a break, are integrated into the building, offering economic benefits and services to visitors.

The activity centre intends to provide a wide range of entertainment options, like sports facilities and film rooms, catering to residents living in the nearby communities.

CORRIDOR

COURTYARD

The longitudinal corridors flanking the edges of the building can connect different functional zones, with the intention of enhancing spatial circulation.

The outdoor planted areas serve as buffer spaces to reduce the spatial compactness and provide an occasion where people gather together and converse.

Zhuzhou, a pivotal railway hub city in China, is positioned as an livable city characterized by modern industrial civilization. This project will incorporate the theme of locomotives both in architectural forms and functions.

This project will stimulate the community vitality, with the potential to transform Tianxin Road into an industrial history and culture leisure street. The target group includes both tourists and residents living in sourrounding communities.The core idea focuses on designing a "city" rather than a single "building".

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1. Zinc Composite Panel Fastening Bolt 2. 40mm Zinc Composite Metal Panel 3. 20mm Vapour Control Barrier 4. Metal Flashing 5. Stainless Steel Tie Bearing Tension 6. Prismatic Lattice Steel Beam 7. 20mm Internal Gypsum Board 8. 220mm EPS Thermal Insulation 9. 18mm Waterproof Membrane 10. 65mm Hollow Steel Furring 11. Steel Bolt Fixing Steel Plates 12. Stainless Steel Plate Bearing Tension 13. Steel Bolt Fixing Glass Fins 14. 24mm Toughed Glass Fins 15. Double Low-E Glazing 16. Headed Shear Studs Connectors 17. In-situ Concrete Slab on Steel Decking 18. Corrugated Metal Decking 19. Steel I-beam 20. 20mm Timber Floor Finish 21. Bar Steel Reinforcement 22. Poured Reinforced Concrete Floor Slab 23. 70mm Rigid Insulation Board 24. 110mm Rainwater Drainage Pipe 25. 45mm Drainage Layer 26. Gravel Backfill 27. Reinforced Concrete Footing 28. Concrete Footing Fixing Steel Plates

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COLUMN-FREE SPACE The long span structural design creates an open column-free communal setting for the internal spaces where people have the chance to gather together and organize large-scale activities. Space will not be obstructed by columns and are endowed with a sense of spatial lightness.

TRANSITIONAL PLATFORM The stepped platform in the middle, partially sheltered by glass and steel canopies, functions as a resting pavilion as well as a transitional space for people moving between different zones. The platform traverses the entire building, connecting the two zones on both sides and the glass facade along the platform enhances spatial openness.

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INDUSTRIAL STYLE To integrate into the old Tianxin District, this project adopts a grey tone in which visitors can experience an industrial cultural atmosphere while wandering in this building. The long span prismatic trusses with streamlined metal panels for cladding impart a sense of tension reminiscent of the city's industrial heritage. People search for the track of urban history, pondering the brevity of life whereas the eternity of history.

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COMMUNITY VITALITY The central conceptual idea aims to infuse the building with various functions, such as the locomotives museum, restaurants and concerts, creating an inclusive environment accessible to everyone. Residents around as well as visitors all have the chances to engage in this “city” with no apprehension. The influence of this project has the potential to radiating throughout the community or even farther, activating the entire city circle.

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07 JAZZ GABLES Location: Birkenhead, Merseyside, UK Programme: Jazz Club Time: Feb.- May 2022 Type: IndividualWork Instructor: Philip Owen

The studio design “The Birkenhead Jazz Festival” (Year 2, Semester 2) has an urban setting in Birkenhead, a town along the west bank of River Mersey. Birkenhead was heavily bombed in World War II and has been struggling to revive for decades. The project aims to re-connect the revitalized town centre with great opportunities in alignment with the Birkenhead 2040 Framework. Jazz music is a living organism with the potential to invigorate community life.

The design form stems from a series of irregularly stacked boxes, spontaneously generating different functional zones. These boxes adopt the elements of gable roof based on the analysis of urban morphology that are widely distributed in Birkenhead buildings. The purple zinc cladding endows the club with a modern implication and the purple tone reveals the diverse inner feelings of Jazz music. The ground floor features a mosaic facade crafted from the combination of glass and ceramic fabrics. The fascinating nightlight emanating from the bar projects onto the street and the outdoor Jazz festival takes place on the side, attracting many visitors. In terms of acoustics, the performance hall is outfitted with geta panels to optimize sound dispersion.

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GABLE FORM

The Site at Argyle Street

Hamilton Square (Town Centre)

Functional Radiation The Jazz club has the potential to attract people from Liverpool thanks to its accessibility via diverse means of transportation.

STREET ELEVATION IN BIRKENHEAD Population Density The town centre has denser flow, compared with the transportation hub to the south.

The street elevation is carefully traced and analyzed as a means to study the urban morphology of Birkenhead, revealing the layered architectural character embedded within the townscape. The upper levels of these buildings adhere to the Georgian architectural style while the ground levels are distinctively designed to attract pedestrians in.

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The Jazz club offers an educational setting where children have the chance to practice music. It goes beyond a place to appreciate Jazz, but to learn as well.

We play the music on the top floor, enjoying the scenery.

The perforated panels with triangular patterns, called Geta Panel, envelop the hall and provide sound dispersion due to different angles and sizes of each part. The perforations help sound absorption. Geta Panel strikes the balance between sound reflection and absorption.

1. Jazz Bar and Lounge Area 2. Kitchen and Service Area 3. Jazz Music Recording Room 4. Staff Office 5. Equipment Store 6. Unisex Toilet 7. Outdoor Space for Festival 8. Audience Waiting Space and Exhibition 9. Audience with Dining Tables 10. Performers' Dressing Room 11. Back Stage 12. Performers' Green Room 13. Audience with Dining Table and Seats 14. Meeting Room 15. Jazz Classroom for Students 16. Performers' Practice Room

People walk past the fascinating façade where a melancholy or pleasant bar tone penetrates to the street.The atmosphere lures cunsotmers in, and as they delve deeper, the Jazz music resonates within their hearts.

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GABLES WITH ZINC & THE JAZZ NIGHT Creating the visual aspects of a structure helps communicate the social, historical, artistic and emotional context of a space. The gable form with purple zinc cladding not only harmonizes with Birkenhead architectural elements but also infuses a modern atmosphere with the promise of regeneration. Architecture becomes a medium through which narrative and meaning are expressed, allowing users to connect with the environment on multiple levels.

The spatial journey of the audience unfolds through a series of intimate and atmospheric experiences.The audiences have dinner in the small gable boxes, facing the street, or have a drink in the bar; They transit to the performance hall and wait for the Jazz show; Then they look up and see students practicing on the upper spaces with pleasant night scenes; Finally they immerse in the Jazz music, casting aside all senses of time and space.

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NEWBORN BIRKENHEAD The renowned Jazz pianist Keith Jarrett once noted “Jazz is there and gone. It happens.You have to be present for it. That simple.” The existing Birkenhead is silent, while “Jazz Gables” endows it with a newborn sprout that brings regenerative vitality. The Birkenhead Jazz Festival takes place in the outdoor space with hustle and bustle filled in the town centre. The internal Jazz show creates a moment of meditation where both audience and performers reveal their true inner feelings enveloped by music.

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