Pineapple Cultivation

Pineapple Cultivation FROM SEED TO FRUIT COMPLETE CROP INFORMATION

Pineapple Cultivation Process

In 1493, explorer Christopher Columbus found pineapples on Guadeloupe Island in the Caribbean.

The fruit is also native to southern Brazil and Paraguay.

There are more than a hundred varieties of pineapples that grow in varying sizes. The pineapple is a herbaceous perennial, which grows to 1.0 to 1.5 m (3.3 to 4.9 ft) tall, although sometimes it can be taller. In appearance, the plant has a short, stocky stem with tough, waxy leaves. The plant takes almost three years to reach maturation. It can fruit a total of three times during its lifetime. The word “pineapple” was rst used in 1398 in reference to a pine cone. It is derived from the Spanish word “pina” which means pine cone. This was changed nearly 300 years later with the word “pine cone” being introduced so pineapple could be used exclusively for the fruit. Pineapples are international symbols of welcome and are a symbolic way of saying “you are perfect” when presented to someone. Gate posts and door frames often have pineapples to signal a welcome.

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Like climate or soil Water is also very important for both livestock and for plants. It forms a large part of all plant tissues as well as being an essential component of all animal body cells. In crop agriculture, water is an important climatic factor. It affects or determines plant growth .

About Pineapple Cultivation

And the last process is harvesting. It is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. For maximum vase life of cut guava, harvest guava daily at their proper stage of development. Harvesting too early or too late sign reduces the vase life of the fruit. With these sources farmers can easily grow a healthy crop.

Farming requires the dedication of many of our natural resources, including land, water, and climate. So let’s talk about these important points. Farmers need natural resources , such as land, air, nutrients, water and sunlight for heathy crop. Every crop is highly dependent on the climate. Climate affects all components of crop production. The second key component is soil. It is a key element of agriculture. without it we wouldn´t be able to grow plants, which are used as food for both humans and animals.

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Pineapple Cultivation Process

Climate As mentioned before, a humid climate with ample rainfall is ideal for pineapple plantation. This type of climate is found in coastal regions. The optimal temperature must be between 22 and 32 C. While the leaves grow best at 32 C, roots grow best at 29 C. Pineapple crops do not grow at temperatures below 20 C and above 36 C. There must be a difference of 4 C between day and night temperatures. However, a high temperature at night is not desirable for pineapples. Though ample rainfall is well-suited for pineapples, it grows best at 100-150 cm rainfall.

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Season & Soil Ideally, pineapples are planted 12-15 months before the owering season. Flowering season occurs between the months of December and March. It varies between regions. Generally, the planting time depends on the onset of monsoon, its intensity, precipitation, etc. It is planted during April- June period in Karnataka and Kerala while in Assam it is done during August to October months. Pineapple cultivation is avoided during the heavy rainy period.

Pineapples can grow well in any type of soil although sandy loam is the most ideal. The most basic requirement for pineapple cultivation is the soil must be well-drained.

It can even grow in heavy, clay soil provided the soil has good drainage capacity. Soils that log water is not recommended for pineapple cultivation. Alluvial and laterite are other soil types suitable for pineapple cultivation.

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Pineapple Cultivation Process

Land Preparation and Planting Pineapples are cultivated in trenches. Land is ploughed well and made to a fine tilth. Soil clods, rocks, crop debris and stones must be ridden. The land is dug after ploughing and then levelled.

Trenches are dug following this. Each trench may be 15-30cm deep and 90cm wide. Generally August to October or April to May is chosen as the ideal time so as to avoid harvest during rainy season.

Pineapples are propagated from crown, slip and suckers. If planted when 5-6 months old, the suckers and slips produce flowers after 12 months. Crowns bear flowers only after 19-20 months. Different varieties are available for commercial cultivation of pineapples. These are produced through tissue culture.

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Irrigation Pineapples are normally cultivated in coastal areas and places where rainfall is abundant.

Therefore, irrigation is not really needed.

However, if cultivated on a commercial scale supplementary irrigation helps in producing good sized fruits. In addition, irrigation helps in off-season planting. It also ensures all year round pineapple production. This practice is fo l lo w e d fo r p ro d u c i n g ex p o r t q u a l i t y pineapples. If grown in areas of scanty rainfall with hot weather, then irrigation must be done once in two weeks.

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Pineapple Cultivation Process

About Pest & Disease like a lot of other crops, pineapples are dogged by too many diseases . In fact, diseases in pineapples are very sporadic. Mealy, scale insects and stem rot are the most likely to occur infection in pineapple cultivation in India.

Pests and diseases are deďŹ ned as any harmful, noxious or troublesome organism.

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Pineapple Pests Pineapple mealybug are ovoviviparous i.e., the eggs hatch within the female and give birth to larvae. They appear as cottony, small, oval, soft-bodied sucking insects. They are in variety of forms, of which pink coloured ones are commonly referred to as pineapple mealy bug.

Mealy Bug

Scale insects have three distinct life stages (egg, immature, adult) and may complete several generations in a single year. Scale species are identified by the colour and shape of the covering. Females are wingless and usually remain in one place after inserting their mouthparts into plant tissues.

Pineapple Scale

The pineapple fruit borer is considered as one of the principal pests of pineapple. The larvae bore into the fruit causing holes and uneven fruit development. Damage from this pest varies greatly but can reach more than 90% and drier climates seem to favour borer attack.

Pineapple Fruit Borer

Pineapple fruit fly as the name defines it mainly infests fruits. The fruit damage starts when the female fruit fly punctures the fruit with its long and sharp ovipositor. The fruit skin is breached, and bacteria enter and the fruit starts to decay. The larvae that hatch from the eggs feed on the decaying fruit tissue, and on the yeasts and bacteria that multiply in it. Also the larvae groove into the pineapple.

Pineapple Fruit Fly

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Pineapple Cultivation Process

Pineapple Diseases It is sporadic and affects all parts of the pineapple plant but is most conspicuous and damaging on fruit. Fruits exhibit stem rosetting and curvature of the plant leaf pineapple cultivars are more susceptible than smooth-leaf varieties

Fusariosis

Green fruit in contact with the soil are liable to be infected. A water-soaked rot develops internally behind affected fruit lets with no external symptoms, As the disease progresses, a general, water-soaked rot of green fruit with a distinct brown margin develops in green fruit.

Green Fruit Rot

The ďŹ rst symptom is a small, brown spot on the leaf, usually where the leaf margin has been rubbed by another leaf during strong winds. These spots lengthen rapidly during wet weather. During prolonged wet periods, spots may reach more than 20 cm in length and spread to the leaf tip.

White leaf spot

The early symptoms are a slight reddening of leaves about halfway up the plant.

The leaf colour then changes from red to pink and leaves lose rigidity, roll downwards at the margin and the tip of the leaf dies.

Mealybug wilt disease

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Our life’s work is to improve agriculture, and we pledge to do so in a transparent and sustainable way.

Solution HPM is a highly focused research driven agrochemical company. Every day HPM touches thousand of lives. At HPM, we want make agriculture better for farmers and families. we pledge to do so in a transparent and sustainable way. In future we will domore than treat agricultural problems—we will aim to make a remarkable impact on farmer’s lives.

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Pineapple Cultivation Process

24 KARAT Dose : 1.2-2 ml in ltr of water 24 Karat is unique combination of Sea weed extracts and GA . Gibberellic Acid acts synergistically with plant metabolism and accelerates the growth functions of the plant.

Also improves the physiological efficiency of the crop by stimulating the hormonal and enzymatic activities and increases the yield and quantity of the crop produce. 24 Karat mobilizes reserves in seed to germinating point leading to breaking of seed dormancy and faster germination 24 Karat stimulates cell division and elongation that causes internodes to stretch leading to better growth of the plant.

Improves taste and quality of fruits , and enhances their marketability specific to crop.

Improves photosynthesis and plant metabolism, Improves leaf area and root system. Regulates GA: ABA ratio leading to less flower and fruit drop. It increases stem length in flowers grown for export.

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HPM GOLD 4 kg / acre HPM GOLD is unique product containing microbes as Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and has broad spectrum action in granular form. It contains granular spores and other propagules of VAM Mycorrhizal Fungi in a granular carrier and has broad spectrum fertilizer activity. Due to high solubility in water it is absorbed rapidly through plants and roots, resulting maximum supply of compost and micronutrient to the crop. roots growth with excellent root setting, resulting greenness by vanishing yellowing in crop. It helps in greater utilization of nutrients, and provides plant protection from disease causing organism to the root and also makes insect resistant plant. It is completely safe to use HPM Gold. It also combats with the drought and stress loss by the crop. Its mycelial threads penetrate inward into the root, thereby increasing the surface area for absorption and translocation of essential plant nutrients including Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Calcium, Zinc and copper.

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Pineapple Cultivation Process

AASRA Dose : 5 ml in 15 ltr of water Aasra solution spreads quickly, and provides enhanced spreading of agrochemicals on the leaf surfaces and leads to better spray coverage, which improves the eďŹƒcacy of the agrochemical used. It is when added to spray water tank lowers the tension of spray water on leaf surface, which promotes the better spreading and penetration of Agro product.

Aasra is compatible with mostagrochemical formulations and can be used on awide variety of crops. It has improved deposition of the agro product which enhances its coverage and retention on foliage. It ensures the solution doesn't wash o even after immediate rain.

Aasra is designed in such a way that it ensures proper wetting of leaf surface, which makes the pesticide or agro product uptake and absorption rapidly by the plant. It ensures the proper penetration of the agrochemical product into the plant by reducing the droplet sizes of the spray. It is suggested to uses Aasra with agrochemicals at0.025%-0.1% dose.

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HEERA ZINC PLUS 250 gm per acre / 250 ltr. of water Zinc is most important nutrient in all the micro nutrient.

It used manly in to improve nutrient growth in Soil.

It improves the health and makes greenery in crops.

It acts as resistant against disease and gives proper growth

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Pineapple Cultivation Process

Pine-Apple Harvesting It typically takes 2-2.5 years for pineapples to get ready for harvest.

They ower after 12-15 months of planting and start fruiting only after 15-18 months. Usually the fruits ripen after 5 months of inorescence. Fruits cultivated for canning purposes are harvested as soon as a small change at the base of the fruit is noticed. The ones for table purposes are harvested only after they develop a golden yellow color.

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Storing Pineapple After harvest, fruits with crown can be stored upto 15 days without damage. However, those that are transported must be refrigerated during transportation so as to slow down the ripening process. They can be stored at 10-130 C for 20 days. The optimal storage temperature is 7.2 C with 80-90% relative humidity.

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