Orchid Cultivation

Orchid

Cultivation From seed to ower Complete information

Facts About

Orchids

Orchids are one of the largest and most diverse groups of plants. So far, over 25 000 species of orchids have been described. Each year, researchers are discovering hundreds of new species. Besides huge number of orchids in the wild, 100 000 varieties of orchids are created artificially, via selective breeding. Orchids can be found throughout the world.

Certain species of Orchid can survive up to 100 years.

Size of orchids depends on the species. They can be tiny as a penny or extremely large, weighing couple of hundred pounds. Orchids can have single flower or racemose inflorescence. Each flower is bilateral symmetric, which means that it can be divided in two equal parts. Orchids produce several millions of miniature seeds. Only few seeds will develop into mature plant.

Good Agriculture Practices Soil Management

Sowing

We all know that soil is a key element of agriculture. Without it we wouldn´t be able to grow plants, which are used as food for both humans and animals.

Best quality seeds are required for better development of plant and higher flower yield.

Water Management Water is very important for both livestock and for plants. It forms a large part of all plant tissues as well as being an essential component of all animal body cells. In crop agriculture, water is an important climatic factor. It affects or determines plant growth .

Pest & Disease Management Plant diseases and other pest organisms that damage agricultural crops. HPM’s agrochemicals help farmers to reduce crop damage from pests and increase flower production.

Harvest & Storage Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. For maximum vase life of cut flowers, harvest flowers daily at their proper stage of development. Harvesting too early or too late significantly reduces the vase life of the flowers.

Soil Management Soil for orchids contains not actual soil, and is instead a mixture of chunky ingredients that mimic the environment the orchids use in the wild. You can buy commercial orchid potting mix, or have fun creating your own special blend.

The most important attributes for orchid soil are aeration and drainage. Orchids don’t have the same type of roots as other houseplants. If the roots are left in moisture for any length of time, they will rot. While orchids love moisture, a little goes a long way.

Light and Temperature

Management Light and temperature are positively correlated. Orchids grow best in diused light but there are certain orchids, which grow well under bright light. Orchids will tolerate levels of light on the higher end of their range provided the plant receives more water, more fertilizer and, if possible, better air movement to keep their leaves a little cooler.

If the orchids get too much light and not enough water and fertilizer, they will be stressed. Very few orchids will tolerate direct sunlight, except maybe for an hour or too after sunrise and an hour or two before sunset. In nature orchids inhabit various habitats, from low land in forests to mountain slopes, to swampy areas.

Therefore some orchids need the warm conditions of a tropical rain forest, others need the cool conditions of a slope on the foothills of mountains and yet others to have needs somewhere in between.

Humidity levels and air

Management Most orchids require 60 % to 80 % humidity. These humidity levels are necessary for the plants to perform their best and bloom. A humidiďŹ er will help c o n s i d e r a b ly i n m a i n t a i n i n g t h e humidity and health of the plants.

Another way of increasing humidity is by setting the plants on trays ďŹ lled with pebbles or gravel and with water, taking care that the plants are not in contact with the water. Ideally a dozen or more plants should be grouped together as they will create a microclimate with higher levels of humidity. In the orchid houses there should be continuous air circulation.

Water

Management Good quality water is a very important requirement to grow orchids successfully.

Acceptable water sources include deionized distilled water,tap water free of salts and rainwater. Watering needs depend on the potting media and the growing conditions.

Ideally plants should remain highly moist and should never be dry.

The quality of water is extremely important for good culture. In nature plants are drenched by rainwater. Rainwater is slightly acidic with a pH factor of 6.4 to 6.8. Hard water will create hard deposits on the leaves of plants. This may clog the pores on the leaves and reduce transpiration. If the water is hard it may be beneďŹ cial to periodically clean the leaves with distilled water. Water may get in between leaves or new growth. If this water stays there overnight, when temperatures become cooler, it may promote the growth of bacteria and fungi that may kill the new growth.

Pest & Disease

Management Scale are sucking insects that attack to and feed on the underside of leaves,in leaf axils, on pseudobulbs and on rhizomes.They often are hidden under old leaves and pseudobulb sheaths.

Severe infestations cause chlorotic areas to appear on the leaves and plant surfaces which will yellow and may darken and can cause the leaf to drop prematurely Small water-soaked spots appear on the leaves and often are surrounded by yellow halos. If unchecked, the infection will rapidly rot the leaves and roots and spread more slowly into the rhizomes or pseudobulbs. This wet rot may have a foul odor and has a water soaked appearance.

Using the latest mechanical movements HPM provides the best agro-chemicals for Orchids cultivation .

Solving Agricultural

Challenges HPM is a highly focused researchdriven agrochemical company.

Every day HPM touches thousand of l i ve s . At H P M , we wa n t m a ke agriculture better for farmers and families. In future we will do more than treat agricultural problems— we will aim to make a remarkable impact on farmer’s lives. Our life’s work is to improve agriculture, and we pledge to do so in a transparent and sustainable way.

24 karat (Gibberellic Acid 0.001% L) 24 Karat is unique combination of Sea weed extracts and GA .

Gibberellic Acid acts synergistically with plant metabolism and accelerates the growth functions of the plant.

Also improves the physiological efficiency of the crop by stimulating the hormonal and enzymatic activities and increases the yield and quantity of the crop produce. 24 Karat mobilizes reserves in seed to germinating point leading to breaking of seed dormancy and faster germination 24 Karat stimulates cell division and elongation that causes internodes to stretch leading to better growth of the plant Improves taste and quality of fruits , and enhances their marketability specific to crop.

Improves photosynthesis and plant metabolism, Improves leaf area and root system.

Regulates GA: ABA ratio leading to less flower and fruit drop. It increases stem length in flowers grown for export

Quantity 1.2-2ml/ltr of water

Heera Zinc Plus Zinc is most important nutrient in all the micro nutrient.

It used manly in to improve nutrient growth in Soil.

It improves the health and makes greenery in crops.

It acts as resistant against disease and gives proper growth.

Dosage: Foliar Spray @ 250 gm/acre in 250ltrs water.

Quantity 250 gm per acre / 250 ltr. of water

Aasra (Adjuvant) Aasra is a unique new generation spray booster and activator, having novel technology to farming community of India which makes the agrochemicals (Insecticide, Fungicide, Herbicide, Plant Growth Regulator, Fertilizer and Micronutrient) performs better.

Aasra solution spreads quickly, and provides enhanced spreading of agrochemicals on the leaf surfaces and leads to better spray coverage, which improves the eďŹƒcacy of the agrochemical used.

It is when added to spray water tank lowers the tension of spray water on leaf surface, which promotes the better spreading and penetration of Agro product.

Aasra is compatible with most agrochemical formulations and can be used on a wide variety of crops. It has improved deposition of the agro product which enhances its coverage and retention on foliage. It ensures the solution doesn't wash o even after immediate rain.

Aasra is designed in such a way that it ensures proper wetting of leaf surface, which makes the pesticide or agro product uptake and absorption rapidly by the plant.

It ensures the proper penetration of the agrochemical product into the plant by reducing the droplet sizes of the spray. It is suggested to uses Aasra with agrochemicals at 0.025%-0.1% dose. General recommendation is 5 ml/ 15 lit. of water.

Quantity 5 ml/ 15 lit. of water

HPM Gold (Bio-fertlizer) HPM GOLD is unique product containing microbes as VesicularArbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and has broad spectrum action in granular form.

It contains granular spores and other propagules of VAM Mycorrhizal Fungi in a granular carrier and has broad spectrum fertilizer activity.

Due to high solubility in water it is absorbed rapidly through plants and roots, resulting maximum supply of compost and micronutrient to the crop.

HPM Gold improves the roots growth with excellent root setting, resulting greenness by vanishing yellowing in crop.

It helps in greater utilization of nutrients, and provides plant protection from disease causing organism to the root and also makes insect resistant plant. It is completely safe to use HPM Gold.

It also combats with the drought and stress loss by the crop. Its mycelial threads penetrate inward into the root, thereby increasing the surface area for absorption and translocation of essential plant nutrients including Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Calcium, Zinc and copper.

Quantity 4 kg /acre

Harvest

Management Harvesting should be done in general when most of the owers on the spike have opened fully with two or three buds. Flowers cut prior to maturity wilt.

In Dendrobium a spike can be cut at last 1or 2 buds are yet to open or 20 per cent of owers are in bud condition.The stalk is cut at the base close to the stem. This operation is generally done in the evenings and the stalks have to be precooled in water before packaging and storage. The harvested owers are immediately dipped in a bucket of water till they are packed.

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