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____ | « f S9SSI 1I jSISHPSiÉ&p&si ■¡s November, 1977

Christmas Wreath Program Begins

Pine boughs are unloaded at CAP’s wreath headquarters in Jackson County.

Jackson County residents weave natural pine boughs and cones into a fragrant wreath.

Beautifully crafted wreath is ready to brighten someone’s home for the holidays.

As the holiday season approaches, CAP once again begins the program which has produced thousands of beauti ful natural pine Christmas wreaths for homes and businesses throughout the United States. The wreath operation is centered in Jackson County, Kentucky, and provides employment opportunities to needy people in the area from early November to mid December. Between 60 and 70 persons of all ages are in volved in gathering the pine boughs and cones, making the wreaths and preparing them for shipment. The pine boughs are skillfully hand crafted into a wreath approximately 20 inches in diameter with four pine cone clusters and accented with a bright red bow. They are dipped into a special pre servative to retain their freshness and fra grance throughout the holiday season. The wreath program is under the direction of Gene Hensley, who expects orders for between 13,000 and 15,000 wreaths this year. In previous seasons, wreaths have been shipped to ail parts of the country and even Puerto Rico. CAP sends out information letters aofd order blanks in August, based on past customer lists. Hensley’s staff begins pro duction about the first of November and starts bringing the finished wreaths to CAP headquarters in Lancaster for addressing and shipping around Thanksgiving. Dur ing the height of the season, from 700 to 1,000 wreaths a day are sent out. CAP’s Christmas wreaths have be come one of their most successful selfhelp programs, and many families in Jackson County have enjoyed a merrier Christmas because of the much-needed additional holiday income.

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K en tu ck y R iver S ou n d in g s Publisher............... ...................CAP Editor-in-Chief . . Father Ralph Beiting Editor....................... Carol Ann Claeys Design A rtist........

. . Louie Simpson

Project Coordinator ...........Bill Begley

Letters to the Editor Your SOUNDINGS paper is very interesting. It’s sure Christian to help people in need. May you win many souls for the Heavenly Home. It’s wonderful to work for our Jesus Christ. With God’s Blessings, Mrs. Ethel Elvidge Champlain, N.Y.

Group Home Initiates Saturday Woodworking Program “Nothing gives a teenage boy more pride and sense of accomplishment than to hear his friends compliment him on a job well done.” Maurice Mercier, director of CAP’s Group Home feels that this concept will go a long way toward making the Home’s new Saturday Woodworking Program a success. Every Saturday morning this fall, the eight boys at the Group Home go into Lancaster for a 6-hour training session at the Woodworking Center. Their first pro ject has been the construction of desks for their rooms at the Home. “This program combines the fun of a hobby with the process of learning a new skill,” says Mo. “These boys really enjoy making things with their hands and few have had this opportunity before. Each article he makes represents a small success story for the boy. He recognizes his ability to start a project, work toward a

Published monthly by Christian Appalachian Project (CAP)'. Entered as third class matter at Camp Nelson Post Office, Camp Nelson, Kentucky 40444. Subscription rate in U.S. is $4.00 per year. Address all correspondence to Kentucky River Soundings, Camp Nelson, Kentucky 40444.

final result, and he feels, often for the first time, that he has created something uniquely his.” As the boy admires his own handi work and receives a favorable response from his peers, his self-confidence starts to grow. He further understands that if he can complete this small project success fully, he can go on and succeed in other areas of his life. The Woodworking Program has a lot of therapeutic value for the boys, ac cording to Mo. “By giving a boy positive support, we are able to help him experi ence the individual joy of personal achievement.” Some of the boys may have enough interest to go on to perma nent jobs at the woodworking shop after they leave the Home. The desks will remain when this group of boys completes their year at the Home. They will become part of the boys’ contribution to the Group Home, just as boys would assist financially in their own homes. Later plans for the Woodworking Program include making Christmas gifts for the boys’ families and friends. The boys are encouraged to continue con tacts with their families and to improve re lationships with their parents. By building items for their homes and toys for brothers and sisters, they are able to give something back to other family members for the first time. If enthusiasm remains high, the Woodworking Program will probably con tinue until June. The Group Home also has several other self-help programs for the boys, including a small tobacco crop raised on the premises. Several boys also have set up a wood cutting enterprise. They use the Home’s chain saw, furnish their own gas and oil, and sell fireplace wood for extra cash. All these activities are geared to helping these young men take the first step toward productive, in dependent lives.

Camp Andrew Jackson Begins ^ Winter Activities^ Although Camp Andrew Jackson, north of McKee, Kentucky, has com pleted the children’s summer camping sessions for 1977, the camp is still very much a center of activity on weekends. Throughout the fall and winter months for the past three years, the facilities at the camp have been used extensively by vari ous religious and college groups, high school clubs and fraternal organizations. The cam p com bines beautiful mountain scenery and a quiet lake with modem buildings and electric heat. The average group using Camp Andrew Jackson numbers about 45 persons and most this fall have been religious retreats. Camp Andrew Jackson furnishes sleeping accommodations, recreation areas and a kitchen. Guests must pro- . vide their own food and do their own cooking. If your group is interested in renting this beautiful mountain camp for the weekend, contact Gene Hensley at 287-7073 for reservations and further i ™ ^ formation.

Work Moves Slowly—But Surely—on CAP’s New Building Construction continues on the new headquarters for CAP in Lancaster, al though bad weather and general building problems have delayed completion of the facilty. CAP still hopes to have some equipment moved into the new building by the end of October, providing em ployment for additional staff members. CAP’s total operation, including offices, printing press, mailing servic^^k and Attic rummage store, should be c o l ^ F solidated under one roof by the first of the year.

Camp Nelson £ookbook Still A vailable As indicated in an earlier issue of the Soundings, the Camp Nelson cookbook is now available to our readers. The book contains many new and exciting recipes with a deep Kentucky flavor. The book is handsomely illustrated and is of great benefit to cooks, both new and old. Copies may be obtained by writing to the Soundings> The price of the cookbook is $3.00, plus 50 cents for handling and postage. An order for as few as five copies will insure that postage will be paid by the Soundings. It would be hard to find a better gift for the holiday season.

ecipcs Invite family and friends over for a feast during the holidays. This delicious wild duck headlining the menu will be sure to please. Wild Duck R oasted in Aluminum Foil

^H )O unds duck ^ K ta lk celery, chopped 1 small onion, chopped 1 carrot, chopped 1 sprig parsley, chopped V2 cup margarine, melted V2 teaspoon pepper 1 teaspoon salt V2 teaspoon mixed herbs 2 tablespoons currant jelly 10 ounces consomme Clean duck. Put chopped ingredi ents into the body cavity of the duck. Place the duck on a piece of strong alumi num foil large enough to cover it. Brush the duck with a mixture of melted mar-garine, salt, pepper, and a dash of mixed herbs. Tie the legs together and bring the foil up over the duck. Seal all edges with a double tight fold to make an airtight package. Place the package in a shallow baking pan and roast at 425° for 1 hour and 45 minutes. When roasting time is over, remove the duck from the oven and place it on a hot platter. Open the package carefully in order not to spill any of the juices in the Remove all ingredients from the body ity. Pour the juices left in the foil into a small saucepan and cook until a golden brown. To the juices add currant jelly and consomme. Serve as a gravy with the duck.

Senior citizens enjoy the scenery during an autumn houseboat cruise.

Senior Citizens Take Boat Trip on Lake Cumberland Autumn in Appalachia is one of the most spectacular times of the year. The trees vie with each other for attention. The maples, oaks, dogwoods, and syca mores are all beautiful in the splendor of the fall. No where is this more evident than in the mountainous areas surround ing Lake Cumberland. Lake Cumberland is a project of the Army Corp of Engineers and was completed in 1950. It is one of the ten largest man-made lakes in the world and is located just 45 miles from CAP’s headquarters in Lancaster. During the fall, several groups of senior citizens have been taken for boat trips on Lake Cumberland. As many as 20 people go on a leisurely houseboat cruise along the beautiful shore line. It is the first time that many of these people have ever been on a boat. As you listen to their happy chatter, you cannot help but be impressed by the fact that a great deal of pleasure and happiness has been brought to them. When the first group left after their trip, one of the ladies said to another, “Well, this will certainly be the high point of my life this year.”

While they are on the houseboat the people have meals which they have pre pared before they left home. They spend the afternoon playing cards, talking, and just simply enjoying themselves, seeing the beauty of nature. They are also deeply impressed by the fact that other people would take the time to provide them with this view of God’s beauty and to share their love with them. It was my privilege to pilot the boat on the first of these occasions. I could not help but feel a real sense of elation as I saw what pleasure was brought to these good people by so simple an act. There will be at least three of these trips this fall. Additional trips are planned for the spring and summer of the coming year. Taffey Bricker, our volunteer in charge of the elderly for Garrard County, has been in charge of these trips.

Good conversation makes the afternoon more enjoyable.

Kathy, Kathleen, and Marilyn adopted the Bridge-To-Reading Program developed by Polly Greenberg and Bea Epstein. The curriculum is full of lively, move-around experiences and situations, organized around a “sound-of-the-week” and struc tured for discovery learning.

Donald Duck leads the way into “D-D-D” Week.

Lancaster Sunshine Center “S-S-S.” The sound of a stray snake seeking solace in the Sunshine Center? No. Just the sound of children experi menting with language. Though the pri mary purpose of the Sunshine Child Development and Day Care Center is not the teaching of reading, the staff of the center is very much aware that quality programming can do much to pave the way for early or easy reading when chil dren reach first grade. With this in-mind, they set out to find a program that would encourage, support and reward healthy emotional, physical, interpersonal and in tellectual growth for children who attend the center. The children range from two-andone-half to five years old and spend a large part of their waking hours at the center. To meet the needs of these chil dren of varying ages and backgrounds,

Things go better with a smile.

the right person for the job. Not only did she smilingly put up with twenty-four three foot “P’s” plastered all over the beds and floor, she even put in a weekend painting them purple. ^

CAP Home Remodeling Work Goes On

Mr. Cotton’s house is next on CAP’s fist of remodeling projects. Marilyn finds there’s always room for one more youngster.

In addition to the phonics lesson each day, all other activities for the week (music, arts and crafts, stories, math, science, etc.) relate to the letter of the week and its sound. Belonging to the Christian Appalachian Project family has many advantages. During “P-P-P” week the Attic supplied the center with enough stray gloves to make finger “pointer puppets” for each of the children. Ken tucky Valley Press supplied paper for placemats. During “S-S-S” week the makings for sand block noisemakers were furnished by the woodworking shop. The CAP volunteers are most ap preciated. The most recently arrived vol unteer, Peggy Gabriel, of Louisville, Ken tucky, never had a chance to introduce herself properly to the “wee folk.” She will probably ever after be better known as Mother Goose, having had the misfortune to arrive for “M-M-M” week with its train ing to tell Mother Goose stories. Perhaps the two greatest contribu tions to the CAP family are made by Kathy O’Donnell of Mansfield, Massa chusetts, and Kathleen Ford of Saugus, Massachusetts. Kathleen Ford is the head teacher of the Sound Table Gamfe. She brings to it a flare for music, movement and drama, all with a Boston accent! Not the least of Kathy O’Donnell’s contribu tions is her ability to put up with props and preparations in the bedroom only she and Kathleen could share. Although this is her first year working in child development, it was apparent from the first that she was

Much-needed improvements will make this home attractive and comfortable year-round.

Camp Nelson Has Exciting Fall Schedule Planned Cool weather has not slowed down the activities at Camp Nelson this fall. A determined crowd braved a weekend of rain, thunderstorms, and threatened tor nadoes to attend Pioneer Days on Sep tember 9 and 10. Sale booths were filled with fresh produce from area farms and an outstanding selection of antiques. Highlighting the entertainment were a hog calling contest and an egg toss. Trophies were presented to the male a n j j ^ female wearing the most a u th e n t^ ^ ^ pioneer costume, and one lucky Camp Nelson visitor won the country ham raffle. A Lexington band, Terry and the Legends, furnished the music for an

evening of dancing at Camp Nelson’s Music Hall, Friday, October 14. Proceeds were sent to a man in Georgia who was recuperating from a kidney transplant to when he lost his home and all possessions in a fire. Camp Nelson’s Haunted House will be filled with Halloween spooks and sur prises the weekends of October 21-22 and 28-29. Also on the 28th, the Camp Nelson CB Club will sponsor a chili sup per and dance at Music Hall. The public is invited to join in the fun. Elvis Appreciation Night will pay tribute to the late singer on Friday, November 4, from 8 till 1, at Music Hall. A live band will present a program of Elvis’ hits and 1950’s music. Prizes will be awarded for the best 1950’s costumes. A selection of Elvis mementos, including records, tapes, buttons, and T-shirts will be sold. An antique show and sale is coming up at Music Hall on Sunday, November 20, from 9 AM till 6 PM. Santa comes to Camp Nelson Sunday, December 4, leading a Christmas parade at 2 PM. Do your Christmas shopping at Camp Nelson this year. More shops than ever will offer a wide range of gifts from December 4 thru 24. You’ll find a fabu lous assortment of decorations, wreaths, and Christmas trees. Of course, Camp Nelson’s annual Christmas story will be presented on weekends beginning December 4, and nightly from the 16th thru the 24th. The narration features dramatic lighting on the Kentucky River palisades, a Nativity scene, and angels on the hillside. The weekend flea market at Camp Nelson will continue inside Music Hall when weather becomes too severe for outdoor displays. A one-table display area will be available for $5.00, with a $1.00 charge for each additional table. Due to limited space, reservations will be neces sary. Contact the Camp Nelson office at (606) 885-9244 for additional infor mation. Camp Nelson is currently under the management of Jean Goins and Bill Eades. Jean formerly served as secretary at the camp and handles some adver tising and public relations work. She and her sons ran the concessions in Music Hall and Jean was in charge of the outdoor flea market on weekends. Bill had been campgrounds manager at Camp Nelson for two years, and had helped with main tenance and other phases of camp opera tion. Looks like they have an exciting schedule of events lined up throughout the fall season.

Peggy Gabriel

New Volunteers Enter CAP Work In the closing days of September, five new volunteers joined the staff that was already at work on the various pro grams sponsored by the Christian Applachian Project. Volunteers have always been one of the most exciting parts of the CAP program. We are very pleased to welcome them to our growing family of workers and hope that they will find as much peace and fulfillment here as we find joy in having them. Peggy Gabriel is a native of Louis ville, Kentucky, and a graduate of the University of Kentucky in Lexington. Peggy will be stationed in Lancaster and will serve in several capacities. The Child Development Center, Attic work, care for the elderly, hom e visiting program, Christmas Basket program and a great variety of other things will occupy her attention. She will function as a “jack-ofall-trades,” adding strength wherever there is a particular need. This type of worker is extremely valuable in our pres ent circumstance. Years ago, Peggy’s parents and her younger brothers and sisters came to as sist with the work that was being done at Cliffview Lodge on Herrington Lake outside of Lancaster. At that time this was our only camp for the children of the Eastern Kentucky area. Her family has contributed much in the past to the well being of the CAP programs. It is indeed gratifying to see the oldest child of a fami ly, which has already contributed much, coming now to dedicate at least a year of her life to carry on the current programs. Mary Ann Pank comes from Long Island, New York. She is stationed at Mt. Vernon and is in charge of the various programs that care for the elderly. Mary is one of a number of New Yorkers who

Barbara Jenkins

have, with great consistency over the past decade, come to assist in the work of CAP in Eastern Kentucky. Mary will be visiting the elderly in Rockcastle County, not merely in their homes but in rest homes and senior citizens centers as well. She shows a great deal of enthusiasm for the work and has an extremely pleasant personality. Already the elderly are find ing in her a sympathetic listener and an exciting visitor. Barbara Jenkins comes from Balti more, Maryland. Barbara’s first involve ment with the work at CAP took place during summer, when she was stationed at Lancaster. After working for nearly three months in our mail headquarters, Barbara went home to make arrange ments to spend at least a year here, con tinuing the work that she had begun. Barbara is stationed at Mt. Vernon and will be working in both Rockcastle County and Madison County. Her particular field of involvement will be in our Attics. She will work three days a week at the one in Berea at the Appalachian Village and three days at the Attic in Mt. Vernon. The Attic is an extremely important part (continued on page 6) 5

Cathy and T. J. Marcisz

(continued from page 5) of our program, and in no other way do volunteers meet as many of the poor and needy people of the county. Their help has made it possible for us to do many additional things for the benefit of the people of the area. Barbara will, together with the other workers at Mt. Vernon, be very much involved with our Christmas Basket program, which we will be describ ing later on in this issue of the Soundings. T. J. and Cathy Marcisz, from Lafayette, Indiana, joined the CAP family the first of October. Their particular fields of activity will be the managing, teaching and directing of the Child Development and Day Care Center which is being opened in Stanford, Kentucky. T. J. and Cathy had visited the CAP programs during the summer, as they knew two of the volunteers from their college days at Purdue University. After talking to Ann Bower and Liz Burroughs, they became very much excited about work at CAP. They were told at that time that we con templated starting a Child Development and Day Care Center, but that we were unable to obtain the necessary teaching facility. After much thought and prayer they decided to resign the jobs that they had in Indiana and come down and act as a husband and wife team in operating the school. T. J. was a pharmacist in Lafayette and Cathy was a registered nurse. They will at the present time serve as the entire staff of the school, with the exception of a cook and a driver to bring the children to school each day. We know that their talents and dedi cation will equip each of these volunteers to contribute a great deal to the well being of the people of our area. We know that you, our readers, will rejoice with us in the acquisition of such talented personnel to continue the work that is carried on by CAP in Eastern Kentucky. 7

Wilderness Road provided beauty as well as hardships for early settlers.

The Wilderness Road In an earlier article, the history of the Wilderness Road was traced from its origin at the Long Island on the Holsten River at Kingsport, Tennessee, to its ulti mate destination at Boonesborough, Kentucky. Another branch of the Road went from Hazel Patch to Crab Orchard, Danville and Harrodsburg. The article on the road will begin in 1792. On June 1 of that year, Kentucky was made the fifteenth state of the Union. The population of Kentucky now num bered more than 100,000 people. The Wilderness Road had been of primary importance in bringing about this phe nomenal growth. The days of the pio neers were fast growing to a close. The Indian attacks had now almost entirely ceased. Other avenues were now open to the pioneers as they sought entrance into Kentucky and the west. The primary route, of course, was the Ohio River coming out of the northeast. It traveled along the entire eastern, northern and western border of the state. The first significant change that the Wilderness Road underwent during the leadership of Kentucky’s first governor, Isaac Shelby, was the beginning of the Federal Mail Service. A petition had been made by the governor in 1793 to the United States Congress requesting mail service to the west, and the first mail service to connect the eastern seaboard with the western territories came over the Wilderness Road. The mail service was not that great. Sometimes only two de liveries would be made in the course of the year. But when the outriders came in with the mail, they were heartily wel comed, not only because of the mail that

they brought, but they themselves were traveling newspapers, passing on bits of news and gossip from one frontier settle ment to another. It was not long, how ever, before the mail route was discontin ued in favor of the Ohio River route. This route, however, proved so haphazard that if one delivery of mail a year was made, it was fortunate. Eventually the Congress approved both mail routes, and the Wilderness Road once again was bringing news of the eastern seaboard to the Wilderness and news from the wilder ness back to the population centers of the east. Another significant development took place under the leadership of Gov ernor Isaac Shelby in 1796. In that year he advertised for the widening, extension and straightening of the old Boone’s Trace, the road made by Daniel Boone into the country in 1774. Daniel himself applied for the task of widening the road, but he was not awarded this contract. The contract was given instead to two other men, Colonel James Knox and Colonel Joseph Crocket. They received a sum of 2,000 pounds to widen the road and shorten it wherever it seemed feasible. Their particular area of responsibility was from Cumberland Gap to Crab Orchard, a distance of nearly 100 miles. When they completed their task, the road had left the original Boone’s Trace in several places and assumed an identity of its own. From this time on the road was to be known simply as Wilderness Road and would retain that name until eventually modern progress brought in new roads. The work was completed on the new road, and by October 15, 1796 ad vertisements were sent out through the Kentucky Gazette, a newspaper in Lex ington, Kentucky, that the road was now opened to traffic and could accommodate wagons weighing as much as a ton. it was

also possible for four horses to go on the road abreast. Now that the road was widened and approved, various inns began to appear >ng its course. These gave sleeping acmmodations as well as food to the weary traveler. It also provided some food for the horses and other animals that they brought with them. Frequently, there was only one or two rooms set aside for the guests, in addition to those occupied by the family who operated the inn. Many people had to sleep together in the same room and frequently in the same bed. It was not always a pleasant experience, but it was better than trusting to the wilds of the countryside and to the rigors of the weather.

One of the more renown travelers on the Wilderness Road was the famous Methodist preacher, Bishop Francis Asbury. He toured all the missions in the new frontier on horseback, and for over forty years he reviewed the progress of the Methodist churches in the new nation. Frequently he was on the Wilderness Road, traveling back and forth through Kentucky to the other parts of the frontier. He stayed in a number of the inns and be came quite an expert on the road. In his journal, recorded in 1803, the Bishop ad this to say about the Wilderness bad:

“Certainly the worst road on the whole continent even in the best weather, yet bad as it was, there was four or five hundred people crossing the route hills whilst we were. A man who is well mounted will scorn to complain of the roads when he sees men, women and children almost naked battling bare foot and bare legged along or laboring up the rocky hills whilst those who are best off have only a horse or two or three children to ride at once. If these adventurers have little or nothing to eat it is not an extraordinary circumstance and not uncommon to encamp in the wet woods after night. In the mountains it does not rain, but pours. I, too, have my sufferings perhaps peculiar to my self, pain and temptation. The one of the body and the other of the spirit. No room to retire to but that in which you can sit common to all crowded with women and children. The fire occupied by cooking much and long loved soli tude not to be found unless you choose to run out into the rain in the woods. The people it must be confessed are among the kindest in the world, but kindness will not make a crowded log cabin 12 feet by 10 agreeable without cold and rain and within and six adults

S ite or honie'tavern built. 180-4. b y Jo h n Freeman on Revolutionary War land grant. The tavern stood beside historic Wilderness fvMgon» Road built by Kentucky between Cumberland Gap and Crab Orchard in 1796. A principal highway, it rom oted settlement of Ky. and the rest. \ O perated as 'a toll road for ab out 80 years Inn burned. 19b?. Freeman (176M84D grave nearby.

Sign notes site of early tavern on Wilderness Road.

and as many children one of which is all motion.” The Bishop concluded his account with the painful remarks: “I found amongst my other trials that I had taken the itch and considering the filthy houses and the filthy beds I have met with in coming from the Kentucky conference it is perhaps strange that I have not caught it twenty times. I do not see that there is any security against it, but by sleeping in a brimstone shirt.” Travel on the Wilderness Road even at the beginning of the 19th century was still work for stout hearted men. In March of 1797 the road was officially made into a toll road. The money was needed to continue its improvements and make its travel much more expeditious. A gentleman by the name of Robert Craig was appointed tollgate keeper. At the be ginning there was only one tollgate and that was located at the great bend of the Cumberland River near the present city of Pineville, Kentucky. As the years went on the road was carrying as many travelers coming from the west back to the east as it was carrying pioneers out from the east to the west. Commerce was now begin ning to be an established part of the travel on the road. An important part of the road’s trav el was cattle. Originally the pioneers had brought out their cattle from the eastern states to the west. The cattle flourished in the Kentucky meadowlands along the cane breaks. Once they had been fat tened they were driven back over the Wilderness Road into the more settled eastern communities where they would be sold and a profit realized. Not only beef cattle were driven over the road,, but horses, mules, hogs and sheep as well. All of them found a very ready market in

the states of Maryland, Virginia and the Carolinas. Before long accommodations were being made not merely for the human travelers on the road, but also for the animals. Corrals and stockades were being added to the inns so that the travel ers might have a safe place to secure their animals while they stopped overnight. The Kentuckians were an enterprising lot when it came to transporting their live stock. One Virginian who came along re corded the following observation: “On my journey I fell in with a drove of steers on their way to the Southern market. In the rear were driven as many shoats which gather their wastings. If the Kentuckians are extravagant in some ways they are saving in others.” It must have been a marvelously exciting scene to see all of those steers wandering down this narrow Wilderness Road followed by great herds of pigs eating the corn out of their droppings and trying to stay together on this road. I can well imagine the consternation that must have faced the traveler coming in the opposite direction. Kentucky was fast becoming a cen ter for livestock of every description. Hereford cattle from England, Merino Sheep and even Jacks from Spain were all imported by such land owners as Henry Clay and others to improve the quality of their livestock. But the greatest attention was focused upon horses. Ken tucky was gaining an outstanding reputa tion as a place in which fine blooded horses could be raised and developed. Representatives from as far away as Russia were purchasing horses that had been raised on the Kentucky bluegrass. The Wilderness Road was the principal route whereby all this imported stock came into Kentucky and the famed race horses were being exported from the state. By the year 1828 a local resident re corded that a total of 3,412 horses, 3,288 mules, 97,455 hogs, 2,141 sheep and 1,525 stall fed beef cattle all traveled past his particular point on the Wilderness Road leading from Kentucky to the east ern and southern markets. By 1840 the road had reached its high point. During the next twenty years it would be neglected and bypassed. The troubles of the oncoming Civil War were too much on everyone’s mind. ,The road was gradually falling into disuse and was returning to the Wilderness out of which it had come. It was not until the beginning of the conflict between the states that the road would once again assume impor tance and see great masses of travelers riding north and south along its course.

CAP Cares about the People of Stanford

The Christian Appalachian Project is furnishing the facilities for this service. The service itself is operated by the Com prehensive Care Organization of Stan ford, Kentucky. Comprehensive Care furnishes the doctors and staff and sees to it that the people are transported to and from the center each day. The setting could not be better. Beautiful old trees shade the house and make a very hom e like situation for those who attend this facility.

Comprehensive Care Center In recent years the state of Kentucky, through its Department of Human Re sources, has striven to be of value and service to the people of each area of Ken

tucky. A private organization works in conjunction with the Department of Human Resources to carry out many worthwhile programs. This organization is known as Comprehensive Care. The title reflects the scope of the organization. It is concerned with all forms of help for the people in every area of their lives. It would be difficult to imagine how people would be cared for in an adequate fashion without the services of Comprehensive Care. Prior to CAP’s purchasing the property in Stanford, Comprehensive Care was renting a portion of the build ings on the property. CAP is happy to have Comprehensive Care continue its operation from this center and has al ready inaugurated many innovations and changes which will make the operation easier_and more beneficial, not merely for the staff but for the patients as well.

Older building takes on new life as Partial Hospitalization Center.

Partial Hospitalization Program In 1789 Lincoln County allocated a certain section of land within its borders for education of its young. A knoll over looking the city of Stanford was selected as a site for the building where this .educa tional work would take place. At the end of August, 1977, the Christian Appala chian Project purchased this knoll and is developing it to serve human needs in many capacities. Part of the facilities are for the children. Another portion of the property will be allocated for partial hospitalization for older persons. The original building on the site burned at the time of the Civil War. A few years after the war, a new brick building was erected to continue the educational process. This time the building was used exclusively for the education of boys and young men. This building is still intact and is in comparatively good condition. It is now being used as the center for a partial hospitalization program. It is open five days a week, and between 12 and 16 adults attend the facilities every day. Therapy of every kind is administered, counseling sessions are held, and an overall effort is made to be of service to people who need some medical care, but do not require overnight hospitalization. 8

Comprehensive Care Center continues work in Stanford facilities.

Day Care and Child Development Center

T. J. and Cathy Marcisz will direct new Stanford Day Care Center.

A program to care for three, four and five year olds has now been put into operation in Lincoln County. The Child Development and Day Care Center will be housed on property recently acquired in Stanford by the Christian Appalachian Project. The pre-school program will share facilities with the kindergarten for the handicapped in an old motel that has been recently renovated. Six rooms have been set aside for this particular activity.

One room will serve as an office for the staff and a place to meet the parents and discuss the childrens needs with them. Another room will be used as a kitchen for the preparation of the meals necessary |to care for the children during the day. At the present time 12 children are enrolled in the Day Care Center. It is expected that this number will double within four or five months. T. J. and Cathy Marcisz, recent volunteers to CAP, will serve as the teachers and directors of the Child Development and Day Care Center. This facility will open on Monday, November 7, and will be in operation from 7 o’clock in the morning until 5 o’clock in the even ing. The facility is greatly needed and should prove to be of much benefit to the parents as well as to the children of the area.

Right side of building will house C A P ’S new Day care and Child

Development

renter in Stanford, Kentucky.

New kindergarten will be held in rooms at left part of building.

Much remodeling was necessary to get the kindergarten into operation.

Kindergarten for the Handicapped In the course of this past week Father Beiting, representing the Christian Appalachian Project, and Mr. Martin, representing the Lincoln County Board of Education, signed a contract whereby the Christian Appalachian Project furnishes facilities to house and care for the first kindergarten for the handicapped in the history of Lincoln County. The facilities are located on property recently purchased by the Christian Ap palachian Project in Stanford, the county Seat of Lincoln County. In the early 30’s a small and simple motel was built on this property. At that time it was the only accommodation for travelers between Corbin and Lexington, Kentucky. With the passing of years, the .motel has fallen on hard times and for inany years has been abandoned. The Christian Appalachian Project has been able, through a remodeling program, to make the facilities once more usable. It is in a section of this motel that the kinder-

garten for the handicapped will be held. Three rooms will be devoted to the learn ing process, and an additional room will be used for a play area. A considerable amount of playground is available for the children as well. The Board of Education will be pro viding the teacher and the lunches for the children. The Christian Appalachian Pro ject will be furnishing the facilities and all the utilities. Through a CETA grant trans portation will be furnished for the children to get to school and back each day. Six children are presently enrolled in the kin dergarten which will begin on November 7. It promises to be an exciting new op portunity for those young people who have not been as blessed as most people with good health and a sound body.

Christmas Basket Program While it seems but a short time ago that summer was everywhere here in the mountains of Eastern Kentucky, our first frost has come, leaves have turned to every imaginable color and the winter season promises to be here before we know it. All of this turns our thoughts

toward our Christmas Basket Program. During the course of December an extensive home visitation program is car ried out where the needs of the local families are ascertained. In the past it has been the custom of the Christian Appalachian Project to distribute baskets of food, clothing and toys to 300 to 400 families. This program will be continued and hopefully expanded this year. The program does not seek to cure the social and economic ills of the area, but orr the contrary, seeks to emphasize the fact that Christmas is a religious holiday in which our love for God should be manifested by our concern for one another. We at CAP hope that by sharing a little of what we have with those who have so much less, a spirit of brotherhood and charity may be established between us all. It is hoped that out of such a spirit of charity and brotherhood many other worthwhile programs will eventually develop. In the past the Christmas Basket program has been carried out in the fol lowing manner. Certificates, which will enable the people to obtain clothing from the various Attic stores, are given out to those in need so that they may come and pick out the type of clothing they need, the sizes that are required, and the colors (continued on page 10) 9

(continued from page 9) that they particularly like. In addition to these certificates entitling them to have the clothing they need, toys are also distributed to all the children of the family. Out of a program where 350 families are involved we would have an average of four to five children per family. This entails a considerable amount of indivi dual toys. In addition to the toys and clothing, food is also given away. It is hoped that enough food may be given to the family to enable them to have three good meals on Christmas Day and perhaps enough left over for an additional meal on another day. Our objective for the food is $15 per family. This is not very much for a family that may have four or five children plus the mother and father, but nevertheless it is an expression of concern and care, and that is what the program is designed to foster. This year we have endeavored to enlist the help of all our friends by en couraging them to adopt a family. We visit, as indicated above, all of the people whom we will help during the Christmas season. What we are advocating this year is for families outside of the Appala chian area take it upon themselves to sponsor a family within the Appalachian area. We will be happy to furnish you with a list of such families, the number of children, their ages, etc. We have two major areas of concern. One is to obtain the food necessary to reach our goal of a basket costing roughly $15. The second area is to obtain the toys necessary so mat each member of the tamily jmay re ceive at least one toy. If any of our readers are interested in participating in this worthwhile program we would be very happy to hear from you. In addition to furnishing you with the name of such a family, we will aid in every way to establish close ties between the Appalachian family and the family from outside. Speed is of utmost impor tance in this program. All those who are interested in participating are encouraged to respond to us as quickly as possible.

Woodbuming Stove Now that the crisp autumn air has descended upon the mountains and valleys of Appalachia, concern is present in every household over heat for the win ter. Last winter the ravages of the severe cold were so great that hardly anyone escaped the resulting miseries. The high cost of coal, not to mention bottle gas,

natural gas and electricity, are causing many rural families growing concern. The one alternate form of fuel that is readily available at a low cost is wood. The Appalachian hills have a considerable amount of wood. If there is a fuel that is available to the low income families that does not pollute the atmosphere and can be replenished, it is wood. With this in mind, one of CAP’s former volunteers and employees Mr. William Brockman of Lancaster, Kentucky, set to work design ing a woodburning stove that would ob tain the maximum efficiency out of the wood fuel. After a year of calculating and ex perimenting, Mr. Brockman completed his first working model, which he installed in his own home. The woodburning de vice dramatically lowered his heating bill. Initial tests indicate that the efficiency from the fuel may be as high as 95% . The details of the engineering developments, of course, are secret, but a patent has been obtained on the stove. CAP has entered into a sponsoring relationship with Mr. Brockman to help develop the stove and get it on the market for the people. Three models representing various sizes have now been completed and are in operation. A local business known as Cass Metal Products, which also has been assisted by CAP, is presently manufactur ing the woodburning chambers for the stove. The invention promises to be a spectacular breakthrough in the area of heating, especially for the rural homes of our land. While the price has not yet ac curately been determined for each unit, it is felt that the cost should be consider ably less than for other woodburning stoves that are on the market at the present time. Many people feel that fireplaces are a very efficient means of heating a home. In actual fact, a fireplace is the most in effective heating process that man has ever stumbled upon. Probably only 10-15% of the fuel that is burned in a fireplace is available for warming the house. If the damper in the fireplace is not closed when the fireplace is not in opera tion, the heat that is in the home can escape through the chimney. In many instances, the homes that have a fire place will find their heating bills to be higher than homes that are not equipped with a fireplace. The stove is capable of many appli cations. One application that is presently beipg tried by CAP is the heating of a greenhouse. Large shop areas as well as homes are equally well adapted to this new process.

CAP feels especially gratified that one of its former employees has been interested enough in the people of the area to develop something that would be of great value to them. We also feel sense of pride that Mr. Brockman came^P> to CAP for the help needed in the pro duction and promotion of the stove. Future issues of the Soundings will make reports on the stove and its eventual availability to the general public.

Daniel Boone On November 2 the country will celebrate the 243rd anniversary of Daniel Boone’s birth. The following article is taken from the introduction of Father Beiting’s book, “Adventures of Daniel Boone.” Nearly 250 years ago a child was born in a log cabin some five miles east of Reading, Pennsylvania, to a family re cently arrived from England. They be longed to the Society of Friends, a reli gious group that rejected war. The name of the family was Boone. The child’s name was Daniel. He was destined to be a legend in his own lifetime and history has made him a hero in every age. In the last 25 years of the 18th century, America produced more men of great stature than during any other c o m - A parable period in its history. W ashington^?' and Jefferson occupy a unique position in our country’s affection. They stand splendid in their isolation from all others. No other man of that illustrious group of giants, however, has survived the test of time as has Daniel Boone. His figure today is greater than at any time in the past. His story constantly cries out to be retold. The real Daniel Boone is frequently different from the fantasies that good intentioned men have spun about him in ages past. He was not a giant of a man in physical stature. He stood no more than 5 ft. 10 in. tall and was of medium build. While he was a frontiersman, he never wore a coonskin cap. He preferred a hat with a brim. Felt or beaver was his favorite material. While it is true that he was frequent ly in the wilderness, often breaking new trails, he served more than four terms in the House of Burgesses in Colonial Williamsburg. Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and George Wythe were his fellow legislators. Often alone, pursuing some f a in t f l | trail over the Appalachians or exploring^^ the far Rockies, he was nevertheless a family man. He and Rebecca were married 56 years, had 10 children and 70 grandchildren.

Indians were his foes in the battles on the frontier, but he also served under George Washington and the English General Braddock in the war against the french. Later he fought the English troops in the War of Revolution. Everyone knows that he blazed the Wilderness Road from Virginia across the mountains into Kentucky and founded Boonesborough. But in the years he lived in Missouri, he made a trail from St. Charles to Boone’s Lick, a distance of over 150 miles. This road was the begin ning from which came the Santa Fe, Great Oregon and the Salt Lake Trails. He literally opened the West. He fought the Indians all of his adult life, yet he never hated them or treated them cruelly. The Indians, for their part, admired him greatly and even adopted him into their tribe as the son of the Chief. Though hailed by the country as its greatest hero in the west, he was also brought before a court of Court Martial for Treason.

Father Beiting Writes Book on aniel Boone

into the new world of Kentucky. Places such as Boonesborough, Boone’s Trace, Boone’s Knob, Boone’s Gap, etc., are all within the confines of the area served by Father Beiting and the Christian Ap palachian Project. The name given to the new life ot Daniel Boone is the “Soldier of the Revolution.” The reason behind such a title is the conviction that Daniel Boone was far more than an explorer, hunter, trapper and Indian fighter. He was in reality an emissary of the government established at Philadelphia known as the thirteen colonies. Kentucky was in reality, during these formative years, a battle ground in which the British and their Indian allies fought against the pioneers in an attempt to overthrow the revolution and retake the colonies. No one served as important a role in the defense of the new nation in the west as did Daniel Boone. He was, in fact, a great soldier of the revolution. The life is also designed for those who do not have the time to go through a large and detailed account of Daniel Boone’s life. The book is some 160 pages in extent and is a rapidly flowing account of the life and adventures of this Ameri

can hero. In a comparatively short time one catches the flavor not only of Daniel, but of the Kentucky and Missouri frontier, as well as the events that were taking place in Williamsburg and the rest of America. An additional feature in the book is the extensive use of photographs. These photographs are taken from six states in which Daniel was active. They include such things as the house in which he was born and the house in which he died. Monuments, plaques and other historical markers are also portrayed through the photographs. No other life of Daniel Boone has quite so extensive a portfolio of photographs containing his torical data. The book is now available to read ers of the Soundings and can be obtained by writing to Kentucky River Soundings, Camp Nelson, Kentucky 40444. The cost of the book is $3.00 plus 50 cents for handling and postage. If you order as few as five copies, they will be sent postage paid. The book makes interesting reading for one’s own personal library and is also an excellent gift item during the holiday season.

Siege at Boonesborough

A new book on perhaps the greatest of all the Appalachian people has been written by Father Ralph Beiting, the Director of the Christian Appalachian Project. In October of this year Father Beiting marked the 27th anniversary of his presence in Appalachia. Partially to commemmorate this event, the new life of Daniel Boone was written. Another motivation behind the writing of the book was to call attention to the heros among the Appalachian people. By everyone’s ^stimaton Daniel Boone qualifies as the prime example of an Appalachian hero. The area in Appalachia in which Father has worked for 27 years is thoroughly saturated with the Boone tradition. Here it was that Daniel came leading the pio neers from Virginia and North Carolina

Appalacnlan Village Building Supply gives good merchandise, low cost, and plenty of smiles.

Local Worker Takes over Appalachian Village Building Supply Mr. Birchell Hill, the manager of the Appalachian Village Building Supply, an activity developed and sponsored by CAP, outside of Berea, Kentucky, has

become the owner of this business. This self-help program takes many forms. When CAP starts any new business ven ture, it is hoped that some of the employ ees may see fit to own and operate the business one day themselves. In the past our timber operation and sawmill as well as our woodworking factory, both located in Jackson County, have been turned over to employees. At the Appalachian Village outside of Berea, two enterprises have already been turned over to the em ployees. One of them was the Village Electronics and the other was the Fabric Shop. (continued on page 12)

(continued from page 11)

Village site in Berea. Mr. Anglin offered his services and worked there for well The transferal of the Appalachian over a year on a Saturday program. Building Supply is by all odds the largest It soon became apparent that the transaction of this kind that has taken needs of the area were far greater than place in the history of CAP. The Appala what could be satisfied by the materials chian Building Supply facilities include a donated and available to CAP through 10,000 sq. ft. building in which the build this source. As a consequence, CAP ing supplies are warehoused and dis began to purchase materials and to sell played. them at a reduced price, taking far less The Building Supply has had an in profit than a normal outlet might. The teresting history. More than a decade ago people of the area responded with en various lumber yards and building suppli thusiasm. Before long the word spread ers made donations of odds and ends of throughout the hill area that you could go their materials to CAP to enable us to help to the Appalachian Village and obtain the people of the area. Primarily these good materials at a very reasonable cost supplies went into the buildings that CAP and that the store people treated you tainy has erected over the course of many and with warmth. years. Camps, facilities for children and Once the decision had been made the elderly, various centers from which to expand the facilities and to purchase the volunteers work, the development of new materials, a new building was erected Camp Nelson, etc., all have been areas to house this activity. Employees were where these building supplies have been then hired to operate the facility on a used and put to good advantage. six-day-a-week basis. In the beginning At times some ot the »terns Icould not several managers came in rapid succes be used in these facilities or there were sion. more of them than could be used in the Over four years ago, Mr. Birchell foreseeable future. It was the concern of Hill who had been a salesman for a paint CAP that these items would be made com pany servicing the Appalachian available to the local people at a reduced Village account, asked if he could be price. For several years Mr. William come an employee of the village. Within Anglin, a strong supporter of CAP in a few months he had advanced from an Berea, Kentucky, utilized his Saturdays to employee to manager. From that time till help sell these items to the local people. now, his leadership, enthusiasm and At times rented facilities were obtained to dedication has made the Appalachian display the materials. At last, in 1970, Village Supply the largest building supply new facilities were built at the Appalachian center in the entire Madison County area. Perhaps you would like to receive the Soundings each month. If so, send $4.00 for each year to: Kentucky River Soundings Camp Nelson, Kentucky 40444 N am e______________________ Address_______;______________ City------------------------Zip,______

We at CAP feel a great sense of excitement that Mr. Birchell Hill is able to take over this particular activity. Birchell lives within a few miles of the Appala chian Village in a small community called Conway in Rockcastle County. His roots are deep within the Appalachian area and his family has lived here for many gener ations. His enthusiasm for the work, his dedication to the people and his kindness in dealing with them have won him the admiration not merely of CAP, but of the local people as well. Many people found organizations with the hope that they will be able, when an activity is self-supporting, to turn it over to one of their employees. We at CAP feel considerably elated that never once have we refused to turn over one of our activities to our employees. Anytime one of our employees has asked to own the business, we have turned it over to him. So far the track record is excellent. Not one of the businesses that CAP developed and then turned over to the local employees has failed. They have all grown and expanded since that time. I cannot help but think that the people who have supported CAP over the years must have a sense of pride over this new enterprise as great as those of us here at CAP. Our well wishes and prayers go out to Mr. Birchell Hill and his wife, Irene, who are to become now the new owners of the Appalachian Building Supply.

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3rd Class Permit No. 46 Lancaster, Ky. 40444