Three Formants

William Dougherty

Three Formants for five trombones

Full Score

www.williamdougherty.org

This work was written specifically for les trombones de bâle and was premiered in Basel, Switzerland on June 19th, 2014.

Performance Notes The Score is in C Accidentals apply for the entire measure in which they appear and are octave specific.

The entire work should be performed without vibrato.

=¼ tone flat

= flat, 1/6 tone flat (c. 33 cents flat)

= ¼ tone sharp

= ¼ tone sharp, 1/6 tone flat (c. 19 cents sharp)

= sharp, ¼ tone sharp = ¼ tones flat, 1/6 tone flat (c. 83 cents flat) = 1/6 tone flat

= c. 14 cents flat (natural third)

General Notes

ord. = ordinario (normal manner of playing)

= gradually change technique or method of playing

= diminuendo to nothing

= crescendo from nothing

= Rhythms are written to show the precise point where crescendi, diminuendi, and other dynamic events occur – in this example, the crescendo begins at the “and” of beat two and peak of the “and” of beat four – it’s of the utmost importance to adhere to these dynamic indications.

= At the peak of this gesture, the tongue should be used to stop the flow of air abruptly.

= All glissandi are indicated by a line between two pitches and should be played starting the glissando from beginning of the first pitch to which the line is connected (for the note’s full duration) ending at the arrival pitch. All glissandi should be performed as gradually as possible over the allotted time. The duration of the glissando is indicated by headless notes in-­‐between the starting pitch and arrival pitch. These headless notes are one beat (quarter notes) or less in duration. These headless notes do NOT indicate a rearticulation. In this example, the glissando starts immediately on the C and lasts for four and a half beats. The headless eighth notes are present only to indicate the precise position of the crescendo.

= indicates a split tone on the trigger IV position between the 7th and 6th partial where D1 is the fundamental

= diamond noteheads indicate a sung pitch while playing

= The didgeridoo effect is performed by a quick alteration of the vowel formants in the mouth while playing, creating a didgeridoo-­‐like sound. The rhythm above the staff indicates the desired rhythm of the vowel changes.

Phonetic Vowels

[ u ] = indicates phonetic vowel formants to be made with a plunger mute – [ u ] mute closed

[ ɑ ] [ o ] [ e ] = indicates phonetic vowel formants to be made purely with the oral cavity

[ ɑ ] as in “hot” in American English

[ u ] as in “boot” in American English

[ o ] as in “go” in American English

[ e ] as in “play” in American English

= When an arrow leads from one vowel to another, gradually transition from first vowel to the second. In this example, gradually transition from an [ a ] vowel to an [ u ] vowel.

Performance Layout:

Tbn. 1

Tbn. 2

Tbn. 5

AUDIENCE

Tbn. 3

Tbn. 4

Instrumentation

5 Trombones (with F triggers)

Duration: 9 minutes

William Dougherty Spalenvorstadt 19 Basel 4051, Switzerland

tel: +41 (0) 76.237.2858 e-­‐mail: william.f.dougherty@gmail.com website: www.williamdougherty.org

for%les%trombones%de%bâle

Three!Formants

Score!in!C

for*five*trombones

 Trombone*1    (Mike)

q!=!60



  



con*sord.*(plunger) [*ɑ* u*]





 



  

  



 



Tbn.*3 (Jon)

Tbn.*4 (Juna)

 

 

 





u*]

ɑ

    





u*]

ɑ





u*]

 

     



 

 



[*ɑ*

 

[*ɑ

[*ɑ

u*]



 

 



mf



  

 

 

mf

   

 

[*ɑ*

u*]



 

[*ɑ

 

[*ɑ

u*]

   



f

[*ɑ*











pp

ɑ*

 





*u

ɑ

 



pp

ff











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

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

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

ɑ

u*







ff

   





Copyright*©*2014*by*William*Dougherty All*Rights*Reserved.

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William!Dougherty!(2014)

      

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

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7

Tbn.*2 (Steve)

  



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con*sord.*(plunger) [*ɑ* u*]

pp

pp

Tbn.*1 (Mike)



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con*sord.*(plunger) [*ɑ* u*]

Trombone*5 (Kevin)



pp

  

Trombone*4 (Juna)

con*sord.*(plunger) [*ɑ



  

Trombone*3 (Jon)

 

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

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

  

2

B

C

  13

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  

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Tbn.*3 (Jon)

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Tbn.*2 (Steve)

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19

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 Tbn.*1  25

(Mike)

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    

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ff

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

pp

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)





ɑ

    

[*u

pp



u*]

pp

Tbn.*4 (Juna)



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pp

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pp

ɑ

 





     u*]



31

Tbn.*1 (Mike)

pp

 

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ff

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ff

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)



ff

ɑ

pp

ɑ

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Tbn.*3 (Jon)

  u

ɑ

u*]



ff

 

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pp

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

ɑ

ff

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ord.

  



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pp

4

   36

Tbn.*1 (Mike)

  

ff

 

ɑ

Tbn.*2 (Steve)

Tbn.*3 (Jon)



  



Tbn.*4 (Juna)



   



u*]

pp

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ff

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u*]



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

ff

pp

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ff

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ɑ

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

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 



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ff

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ɑ

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a

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

ɑ

u

ɑ

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)









ɑ



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ɑ

u

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 



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



   



senza*sord.



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senza*sord.



pp

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ɑ

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ɑ

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pp

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pp

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

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pp

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ff

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u*]*

ɑ

pp

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ff

   

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ɑ

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pp

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ff

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u*]

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pp

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ff

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

pp

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pp



ff

[*u

 

u



Tbn.*4 (Juna)



 

a



 

ppp

ɑ



 

u*

ɑ

[*u

H

ɑ

Tbn.*3 (Jon)

[*u

pp

 

[*u

 

Tbn.*2 (Steve)

ff

pp

 

   



pp

pp

u*]

ɑ

ɑ

[*u

pp

ɑ



 

41

Tbn.*1 (Mike)

ff

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 

 

ff

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pp

u*]

 

pp

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pp

 

pp

 

  

ɑ

  



u*]



ff

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pp

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)



pp



pp

ɑ

  



pp

  

[*u

 

ff

u*]

ɑ

pp

u*]

G

 

u*

ɑ





 





pp

   

ff





ff





ff



 

pp

   

  







 ff



 

pp

 





    46





Tbn.*2 (Steve)

    



Tbn.*3 (Jon)

    



Tbn.*4 (Juna)

 

Tbn.*1 (Mike)

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)

ff

 Tbn.*1   52

(Mike)

 





 



pp

 



Tbn.*4 (Juna)

  



   

 





 

pp

     ff









   

ff











  

   



ff



   





  

 





 



ff

pp













  



pp

pp





ff

J



pp







 



ff



  pp

pp









  





 



ff

ff



 

   





  





  

ff





pp









  



pp



ff

 









 pp











pp

 

ff

ff





 pp

 



ff

  

     

      

     

  



pp

pp

pp

   



  









   

ff



pp





pp

   

pp



ff







  

ff





  



pp

  

ff





pp

  





ff



ff

  







pp

 

 



pp



 

ff

pp

 

pp

  

 

ff

ff



ff

pp



ff



   

ff



   



pp

pp

  

pp



ff

ff



5

pp

pp

     









pp

  

 

   

ff







  

pp



ff

ff



   

pp

   

ff

pp

 



ff

pp

ff





pp

   

pp

   

   



ff

 







ff



ff

   

pp

ff

  

pp







   



ff

pp

pp

 

pp

 

ff

pp

           ff

ff

pp

ff

 

ff

pp





    



pp

 



pp



  

ff



 

   

ff



pp





pp



ff

ff

Tbn.*3 (Jon)







          

Tbn.*2 (Steve)

 

ff

pp

     



  

pp

ff

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)



I

  



pp

  

ff







pp

6

 Tbn.*1  (Mike) 



58

Tbn.*2 (Steve)

Tbn.*3 (Jon)

   

 



 





pp

 

  

ff

   



ff

 



pp

Tbn.*4 (Juna)

ff

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)

pp

  

 

ff

Tbn.*2 (Steve)

  



    pp

Tbn.*3 (Jon)

Tbn.*4 (Juna)

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)

 

 p

 







   



 

pp

pp

  

  





ff

 



pp



  





 

  

ff

  

ff

pp

ff

   





   

    pp

  

  



     



     

pp

pp

ff

ff

pp

  

pp

pp



ff

ff

f

   

pp

ff

pp

   

ff



ff

ff

  

   

  

  

pp



pp

ff

   

  



ff

ff

pp

pp

 

      





  

pp

pp



mf

pp

f

ff

  

f

f

mf

   

f

p



pp

  



  

      

 

pp

pp

    

mp

pp



pp



p

mp

   

mf





pp



pp



pp

 

pp

    mf



mp

 

pp

pp

pp

pp

 

   

  

ff

mf

  

pp

 mp

   

pp

    

   pp

    

pp



 



  p



mp

pp

L

64

Tbn.*1 (Mike)



  



K

ff

ff

ff

       



pp

pp

  

pp





ppp





pp



      p pp















 



    



ppp

 





  

ppp





     

    ppp

 







 

 

 







   

   



 







 



 



 

 



   

  









 

 

   









 

  

  

   



 

 

 



 







 











   

  















  



  

   

  









  



ppp

 



   





 

 



  









 

     





  



  

 

sempre ppp





 

I





 sempre ppp















 

M

   70

Tbn.*1 (Mike)



 

Tbn.*2 (Steve)



 

Tbn.*4 (Juna)



Tbn.*5 (Kevin)

    



  

pp

mf













(Mike)

    (******)

3

pp







   

IV

ppp

mp

   







pp



 



mf

 

pp

 





 



 



   





pp

mf















      



ppp

   

mp





















  

(***********)

pp

 



(******)



 

ff







3

pp

  

[5+4]

(************)

pp

  

(******)

ff

 





 

[6+5]

 (******)  

(********)

(******)



I

 



[6+5]



 (******)  

(******)

pp

IV

Tbn.*4 (Juna)

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)

 

[7+6]



(********)

pp



 

 

(******)



(******)



 

ff





IV ord.

pp

pp

 

[7+6] (********)

 (******)  

(******)

ff

 







 

  pp

3



 

O





 

[7+6]

 

(********)

(******)

pp

 (******)  



  pp

 





[7+6]

 

(********)

(******)

pp



  

 (******)  

[5+4] (************)



(******)

pp



ff





 pp



    pp

 

 

(********)







 

 ff



 

(******)

ff



(******)



(******)

ff





[7+6]



pp

 



didgeridoo*effect (******)



(******)

ff



IV



ff



IV

ff





(******)



ppp

ord.    



ff



 

   

pp

pp



mf





(******)



(******)

p



[5+4]

3



(******)

I

IV

 

 

(******)

pp



pp





[6+5]

I

 

3

7



I



ppp

3

   





f

pp







p

ff



 



(******)

pp

 



 (******)  

(********)





IV



 

ppp

I

 

[7+6]



mf







pp

   

 



IV

 





3



 Tbn.*1 

Tbn.*3 (Jon)

mp

mf



 

N



 3

I

f



f

3       

ppp



3

 p

IV     

76

Tbn.*2 (Steve)



pp

Tbn.*3 (Jon)



    

I





 I





pp

 pp

 





8



didgeridoo*effect

 Tbn.*1   82





(Mike)

 



ppp



Tbn.*2 (Steve)



Tbn.*3 (Jon)

[6+5]

   

 (******)  (******) 



 



(******)



ppp

  



  

  

[5+4]



 (******)



(******)

 

ff

  



(******) (******)

pp

 (******)





ff



Tbn.*4 (Juna)



 



(******) (******)

  

(******)

  



pp

pp

(******)

ff

3

 

 





Tbn.*5   

(Kevin)

 Tbn.*1   88

(Mike)

[6+5]

  

  

(******) (******)

pp



 

(******)





    VI



 

[7+6] (********)

(******)



[6+5]

  







  



pp

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)



  



*5

 



[5+4]

 (*********) 

 (******) 

(******)

pp





  

  

VI





  (***********)



ff

 





(******)

pp





(******)

IV

  



  







IV

 



 

[6+5]

 

(***********)

(*******)

[5+4]





 

(********)

[5+4]

4



 

(******)

pp



(******)

pp





(******)

  

(******)

  

(******)

pp



[6+5]

III

   

  

(*********)

(******) (******)

pp



 

(******)

(******)



ff

  

ff







  

ff

III



pp



    pp

 

ppp



didgeridoo*effect

 

[6+5]

 

(***********)

(*******)



(*******)



  

ff



 

ff



ppp



(*******)



ppp









ppp

4







  



pp



pp





ppp

pp

pp

pp

  



didgeridoo*effect

pp



 

ff

pp







pp

I

  

 



didgeridoo*effect



[7+6]

 

(********)

(******)



(******)



 

ff

 

 (******)



(*********)

 

 

ppp



[5+4]



(*********)

pp

 (*******) 

(*******)



(*******)



ff

  pp



ppp

pp



 (******) 

Q

ff









pp





ppp

 ppp

didgeridoo*effect

  







didgeridoo*effect



 

(******)

ppp

ff





(*******)



ff

ff



[5+4]

 

ppp

[5+4]



ppp

pp

ff



 

pp

ppp

[6+5]

 

 

ff

5



ff





ppp

ppp

 

Tbn.*4 (Juna)

  

ff

didgeridoo*effect

 

 

(******)







ff



(*********) (******)



 

pp







(******)

 

ff

pp

ff

Tbn.*3 (Jon)

 

ff

pp

Tbn.*2 (Steve)



(******)



(**********) (******) (******)

didgeridoo*effect I

   4

pp

   

(***********)

  

 

didgeridoo*effect

pp



7

pp

[5+4]



pp

 

P

pp



didgeridoo*effect [6+5]

 (******)

ff

 (******)  

(************)

pp

[5+4] (************)

 (**********) 

pp

    pp







3

ff

3



 

[6+5]

7

ppp

(******)

pp





ff

I

pp



 ff





  

ff

  

ppp

 

 

V

  





 

[6+5] (********)

 

(*******)

pp

ff

 

  



(*******)

ppp



I

  

pp



 

[5+4] (***********)

 

(*******)

ff



(*******)



pp





V

pp



     7

94

Tbn.*1 (Mike)

 

[5+4]



(*********)

(*********) (*******)

pp



Tbn.*2 (Steve)

  





  



VI





ppp

 

  

[5+4]



 (*******)

pp

 





pp

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)



 (******)  (******)

 (*******)

   (*********)

 (*********)  (*********) 







ff

pp





 





100





(Mike)





ppp

 

Tbn.*2 (Steve)

 

ff



[7+6] (******)

 (*******) 



(******)



(******)

(*******)



Tbn.*3 (Jon)









   

 





Tbn.*4 (Juna)

 







 



(******) (*********)







 

   VI

pp







  



(*******)



(*********)

 

 









(********)

(*********)

pp



 











ff



VI



pp



  

[7+6]

(*******) (*******)

(*********)

 

(******)(******)

ff



[6+5]

VI





(******)





 

(*******) (*********)





ppp

  



[7+6]



(*******)



(*******)





ff

  

  

ff

pp

 









 



ppp

  

    







 

(******) (********)

   

pp





mf

   

 

ppp



mf









ppp

fff

ff

(******) (******)



VI



pp

  mf

pp

[7+6]

   pp

   



(*******)

fff















mf

ppp

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)



pp



 

 

   (******)

didgeridoo*effect

(******)



ppp

ppp

ff

mf





ppp

ff

VI



 



(*******)





pp



 (******)  (******)  (*********)

 (*******)

9

S





pp

 (*******) 

 

ff

[5+4]



[6+5]



ff

pp



pp







ppp

ff

  (******)







ppp

  



ff





ff

VI





pp









 

VI

ppp



 





pp

ppp

 Tbn.*1 

   

ppp





pp



(*******)

pp

ff





(******) (********)

 

didgeridoo*effect

[6+5]

 

didgeridoo*effect



ppp

 (*********) 

(*******)

ff

didgeridoo*effect

 

Tbn.*4 (Juna)

 

(*******) (*******)

ff



(*********)

ff

 

[6+5]



 (*********)



(********)

pp

pp

7



   

pp



[5+4]

VI

 

(*********)

ff

ff

Tbn.*3 (Jon)



(*******)

didgeridoo*effect

R



 ppp

  

 





  

ppp

mf

 

 



10

Tbn.*1 (Mike)



Tbn.*2 (Steve)



Tbn.*3 (Jon)



106





 







 











ppp

 

Tbn.*4 (Juna)







 







  























 





 



 

mf

 

mf



mf





mf

ppp

Tbn.*5 (Kevin)



 

ppp

  





 





 







 

   













