LOWDSA Dock Kit

The Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association Healthy Shorelines: The ‘Ribbon of Life’ around our lakes and rivers. 90% of all lake life is born, raised and fed in this area supporting a thriving ecosystem of plants, insects, amphibians, birds, mammals and fish.

For more details or to book an appointment contact: Shelley Bujold: 807-468-8715 or info@lowdsa.com

Thanks to our sponsors:

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Dear Lake Partner, LakeSmart is an environmental outreach program unique to our area, brought to you by the Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association (LOWDSA). It is delivered by a team of four university students, each with an environmental education focus, who spend the summer sharing information on ways that we can live and play green at the lake. They are equipped with knowledge and resources on a broad range of topics including creating and maintaining shoreline buffer zones, reducing run-off, septic systems, using eco-friendly cleaning products, preventing the spread of invasive species, safe boating and more.

This kit includes information about what we can each do to contribute to a healthier lake ecosystem and about being more sustainable in our stewardship of land and water. It also highlights the importance of healthy shorelines to overall water quality in our lakes and rivers, as well as some actions you can do to improve, sustain or develop the ribbon of life around your property.

If you are a member of LOWDSA, know that we truly appreciate your commitment to help us preserve one of the most beautiful places on earth for future generations.

If you’re not a member, we hope that through the LakeSmart initiative, you will better understand our goals and the value we provide both to our members, and to lake life throughout the watershed. We hope you will see the value of joining us in our efforts.

LOWDSA is the largest organization of its kind in Ontario and through programs like LakeSmart, works hard to sustain our environment, our communities and our properties in the district. The contributions of members, friends and sponsors today, and in the future, will allow us to continue providing and even growing LakeSmart and other programs. For information about how to make a contribution to the Environmental Initiatives and Special Projects (EISP) Fund please contact us by phone, email or online at www.lowdsa.com/campaigns/EISP. Happy Summer!

Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

On the living edge : your handbook for waterfront living. The Federation of British Columbia Naturalists, Sarah Kipp and Clive Callaway.

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What can I do?

Here are ten things you can do this summer to help ensure the health of our lake.

Get involved—show your support

Sign up on our website www.lowwsf.com so that we can keep you informed and count you as a supporter when we engage with our governments.

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Reduce nutrient runoff to the lake

Switch to low flow toilets, take shorter showers and do laundry at the lake only when necessary. Your septic system can only do its job properly to reduce nutrients and bacteria if you don’t push too much water through it.

Install rain barrels and/or a rain garden to capture the runoff from your roof.

Slowing down or retaining runoff from storm events can reduce the amount of phosphorus and sediments entering thelake—protecting water quality and nearshore fish habitat.

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Don’t “P” on your lawn

Of course, by “P” we mean phosphorus. If you must have a lawn at the lake, it’s best not to fertilize at all. If you do fertilize, minimize its use and use phosphorus-free fertilizer only. It’s easy to switch tophosphorus-free—look for a “zero” in the middle of the three numbers on the bag.

Minnesota banned phosphorus in residential lawn fertilizers in 2005. Let’s make sure we all do as much as we can to protect the lake.

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Preserve and restore shorelines naturally!

Maintain a natural vegetated buffer strip along your shoreline to reduce soil erosion and runoff of nutrients like phosphorus into the lake. This buffer should be as wide as possible and planted with deep-rooted shrubs and plants.

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Plant a tree

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Control erosion

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Boat responsibly

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Scoop the poop

Take advantage of the tree seedling program of the Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association. Trees and shrubs act as natural filters to limit runoff and soil erosion, which contain phorphorus.

If you are doing construction this summer that disturbs the soil, consider installing temporary fabric fences to catch runoff before it flows into the lake.

This helps filter out soil particles, limiting nutrients from entering the lake.

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Don’t trash toxics

Keep used oil, household cleaners, paints, bug sprays, and other hazardous waste out of the landfill and out of the lake. Take these items to a hazardous waste collection depot to be recycled or disposed of properly.

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Check and maintain your septic

If not properly maintained, your septic system can pollute the lake with phosphates and bacteria. Grease, oils, harsh cleaners and supposedly “disposable” personal products can give your septic system a major case of indigestion. If in doubt, don’t pour it out.

Even on a proper diet, a septic system needs regular check-ups. Sludge builds up in the tank which allows solids to flow into and clog the drainage field. Have your septic tank checked and pumped if needed—it’s cheap insurance for your pocketbook and for the lake!

The bigger the wave, the bigger the impact on shoreline erosion. Erosion releases phosphorus, so slow down and reduce your wake around shorelines.

Your pet’s waste contains phosphorus and bacteria, which can run into the lake when it rains. So, pick up after your dog and flush it down the toilet so the septic system or sewage treatment plant will treat it in the same manner as human waste.

Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Discussion Guide: How healthy is my shoreline?

This discussion guide will help help evaluate the health of your shoreline:, whether it needs a little help, or is at risk for future problems. When assessing shoreline health, we consider the buffer zone: the area of natural vegetation that runs along your shoreline including areas upland and below the high water mark right down into the water. For a detailed scientific assessment, consult a local naturalist or biologist.

FACTORS ESSENTIAL TO A HEALTHY SHORELINE

YES NO N/A

My shoreline is covered with native vegetation (tall grasses, wildflowers, shrubs, and trees) along ¾ of the buffer. (Remember—turf grass is not native.)

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There are native trees and shrubs in a range of ages.

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There are standing dead trees used by wildlife on or near my shoreline or bank.

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There are few, if any, invasive plants in the water or along my shoreline or bank.

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There are native aquatic plants (e.g.’ bull rushes) along my shoreline.

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There is very little evidence of erosion (gullies, slumping, cloudy water or loss of land).

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There are few paved or bare ground areas that permit direct runoff into the water.

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I avoid adding fill (including sand) or yard waste along my shoreline or into the water.

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I have a pipe, cantilever or floating dock.

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My shoreline or bank is free if any hard structure such as a retaining wall or paved ramp.

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My shoreline attracts a wide variety of wildlife such as fish, insects and birds.

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YARD

YES NO N/A

My sewage disposal system meets current standards, including setback from the water (15m or 50 ft from the leaching bed to the water.)

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I pump my septic tank every 2-3 years or when a third of the depth of my tank is full of sludge and scum.

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The edge of my lawn is more than 15m (50 ft) from my shore or bank.

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COTTAGE OR HOME

YES NO N/A

My cottage or home is 30M (100 ft) from my shore or bank.

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I don’t use chemical fertilizers and pesticides on my lawn, yard and garden.

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I use phosphate-free products when cleaning, dishes, laundry & bathing.

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Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

My Shoreline Action Plan Shoreline  Start a buffer strip by leaving some grass uncut near the water’s edge  Protect a strip of native plants along my shoreline  Replant native shrubs and trees along my shoreline  Check regularly for invasive plants and remove them carefully  Let imported beach sand erode naturally and let native plants grow back  Let natural debris (e.g. rocks, fallen trees) accumulate as much as possible  Build a low-impact dock  Keep pets and/or livestock away from my shoreline

Yard  Avoid clearing trees during construction projects  Prune trees for a better view, instead of removing them  Only use approved fertilizers and pesticides outlined in the Ontario Pesticide Ban  Handle fuels, oil and other chemicals carefully and be prepared in case of spills  Make sure driveway runoff goes to a setting/soaking area

Cottage or Home  Use phosphate-free soaps and cleaners  Use alternative cleaners like baking soda and vinegar instead of toxic products  Pump my septic tank every 2-3 years  Stagger full laundry and dishwasher loads throughout the week to avoid overloading my septic system  Conserve water and save my septic by using low-flow showerheads and toilets  Give my visitors a Green Guest Guide

Boating  Use fuel/oil absorbing spill pads in my boat bilge  Practise safe refuelling  Drive at 10 km/hr within 30 M of shore  Purchase or use a 4 stroke motor that meets EPA guidelines  Maintain my boat motor and have it inspected regularly by a qualified mechanic

Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Our Lake of the Woods Area News magazine might be the most recognized and treasured benefit of LOWDSA membership, but LOWDSA members have lots to say about the other benefits they enjoy: 1. On the forefront of best practices ensuring our lakes & rivers are healthy 2. Staying informed—what’s happening in the Lake of the Woods district 3. Receiving eNews with updates between issues of Area News 4. Staying up to date on preventing the spread of invasive species 5. Recognized and respected voice with all levels of government 6. Living green at the lake with the LakeSmart team and at our events 7. Seedling program—over 300,000 seedlings planted by members and more to come 8. LOWDSA Member Rewards savings

It's easy to join!

Visit lowdsa.com and select 'Become a Member'

You can also join by sending an email to membership@lowdsa.com or calling us toll-free 1-888-265-9784.

lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association 807-468-8715 | 1-888-265-9784 | info@lowdsa.com | Box 1160, Kenora, Ontario P9N 3X7

LOWDSA membership has its benefits, and of course the Lake of the Woods Area News might be the most recognized of many.

Now, we’re excited to offer one more...

LOWDSA Rewards from: Cottage Fire-Safety Service Green Adventures Image One Home & Cottage REMR Roofing Solar Solutions Canada WSL Sport & Leisure/ Tall Pines Marina ...and the list is growing! lowdsa.com/cpages/rewards

Rewards!

So, what is it?

Rewards from participating businesses will include special pricing, free upgrades, gifts with purchase, discounts of course... and those are just the ones we know about at this point.

Timing will vary from one reward to another; From June 1 – August 31 or any portion within those dates (and we know some rewards will be offered earlier and last beyond those dates).

Where are the rewards listed?

Visit lowdsa.com/cpages/rewards to see a current list of all our participating businesses with links to their websites.

How to claim your rewards:

LOWDSA is making a

BIG SPLASH with Green Adventures this summer!

Get on board with a 20% discount for LOWDSA members on all Green Adventures services...

All you need is your LOWDSA membership card in print or electronic form to confirm your membership and eligibility for rewards.

How to get your Member Card: 1. Login at lowdsa.com/login 2. Select your name (top right corner) 3. Select Member Card in drop down menu. Your member card will be displayed as a PDF file you can print and/or save to your phone.

Visit greenadventures.ca!

STAND UP PADDLEBOARDING KAYAKING | ROCK CLIMBING SCUBA DIVING | CAMPING FISHING | CANOEING & MORE

Green Adventures services range from providing top-of-the-line rental equipment for your individual/group trip, to deluxe all-inclusive guided trips that include transportation, meals and all required gear. Trips vary in intensity—something for all different skill levels. Most importantly, we provide knowledgeable, experienced guides, guaranteeing your trip will be both safe & memorable.

Green Adventures does commercial dive work and can fix docks, dive for equipment and check water pumps.

Looking for instruction?

Contact Green Adventures for next course info.

Current and Potential Invading Species in the Lake of the Woods District

Purple Loosestrife Purple loosestrife is an invasive perennial plant common to almost every province and state across North America. It arrived on the east coast in the early 1800s on European ships via ballast, livestock, garden seed and more. Following its introduction, the perennial spread rapidly across North America wetlands, shorelines and ditches.

Wetlands are amongst the most biologically diverse and productive components in an ecosystem; they are vital for the survival and integrity of hundreds of species. Once introduced, purple loosestrife can choke out entire habitats and degrade crucial spawning grounds for fish and feeding areas for wildlife. It is also known to invade drier areas with the potential to impact agricultural land.

Purple loosestrife blooms in late June to August and can be identified by five to six pink-purple petals surrounding small yellow centres. It is characterized by a square stalk that can reach up to 2m in height.

In low to medium density growth areas, purple loosestrife can be eradicated by careful digging, hand pulling and cutting. It is important to remove the plant before seeding has occurred, and to remove last year’s dry seed heads. Any breakage or disturbance of roots during removal must be avoided to prevent re-sprouting.

Without this care and caution, removal efforts can actually result in further spread of purple loosestrife.

All parts of the plant should be placed in a sealed, dark-coloured plastic bag and left in direct sun to” cook” for at least one week before disposal. DO NOT compost live or viable plant material or discard in a natural area. If permitted, plant material should be burn First introduced and tested extensively in the 1990’s, a biological control program has been used by a number of organizations to control the spread of purple loosestrife—the release of Galerucella pusilla and G. calmariensis (beetles). The use of these beetles, purple loosestrife’s natural enemy, has been deemed successful in the reduction of growth and seed production of purple loosestrife.

Rusty Crayfish Rusty crayfish, the dominant species in Lake of the Woods, are believed to have been introduced either accidentally with bait dumping or intentionally as fishing bait. They can be easily identified through the rust coloured spot on either side of its shell and orange tips on the end of their claws with a black band.

Rusty crayfish are carnivores and fierce competitors for food, consuming twice as much as the native species. They commonly

consume trout and bass eggs, and can destroy aquatic vegetation beds when foraging for food. This activity negatively impacts fish species that utilize vegetation for shelter. Over time, these effects could change the size and availability of sportfish species.

The greatest threat to uninvaded lakes surrounding Lake of the Woods is human introduction of rusty crayfish—something which can easily be avoided. If you want to use crayfish as fishing bait, catch them from the lake in which you will be using them, and practice good cleandrain-dry technique when taking your boat from one lake to another. Due to their habit of keeping fertilized eggs under their tail, one female crayfish is actually enough to start a whole new population. In Ontario, it is not only illegal to sell crayfish to be used as bait, it is illegal to transport them overland, alive or dead.

Flowering Rush Flowering rush is a perennial believed to be introduced to North America via ship ballast and intentional plantings in gardens. It is considered a high priority species for eradication in parts of Ontario.

Flowering rush invades aquatic and wetland areas where it can displace wild rice, cattails and other native vegetation, reducing the overall biological diversity of an ecosystem. It is best identified by its three-angled leaves and umbel shaped cluster of pink flowers during its flowering period, May to September.

Cutting flowering rush below the water surface is effective at reducing its density, but it does not kill the plant. Multiple cuts throughout the summer may be necessary for the plant to die as the flower grows back from the root. Any disturbance to the root system will cause small reproductive structures on the roots to break off and spread. Raking or pulling are not recommended control strategies.

Once it is removed from the water, flowering rush can still grow and spread; Thoroughly dry all flowering rush plant and plant pieces that are removed from the water. If composting, do so away from wetland or lake.

Hybrid Cattail

Spiny and Fishhook Waterfleas

Hybrid cattail is native to Europe and is a hybrid between native broad-leaved cattail and non-native narrow- ‘ leaved cattail. This hybrid is competitively superior to both parent species. Once the plant is established it can take over, rapidly forming extensive monocultures, thereby reducing plant biodiversity and eliminating wetland habitats that are important to waterfowl and wildlife.

It can be identified by its leaves, which are 10 -14 mm wide, growing longer than its flower spikes. It spreads to rA new areas by seeds, but its major source of reproduction is its extensive rhizome system.

Methods for hybrid cattail removal include chemical ( where permitted) and physical control, burning, and water level modifications. Repeated cutting of stems below the water surface in late July and August has been shown to be an effective method of removal.

Invasive Phragmites Invasive phragmites, also known as the European Common Reed, is native to Eurasia, and is now an invading plant in North America.

The plant is very aggressive, affecting wetlands and beaches, out- competing native plants for water and nutrients, reducing overall biodiversity. Additionally, it releases toxins from its roots that hinder growth of surrounding plants. Invasive phragmites grows very quickly, crowds out native vegetation and actually causes lower water levels, in turn resulting in poor habitat and food supply for wildlife.

Spiny and fishhook water fleas are species of zooplankton native to Eurasia. These small invertebrates were introduced to the Great Lakes through ships, and are now invading inland lakes, including Lake of the Woods. Their main diet is zooplankton, therefore reducing food supply for small fish, and young sport fish causing great affects to commercial and recreational fisheries. They are fast reproducing and can easily be spread between waterbodies. It is important to inspect your boats, trailers and equipment, as well as drain your motor, bilge, live well, and transom wells while on land in order to prevent the spread.

Zebra Mussels Zebra mussels are small freshwater clams that spread quickly into the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence River and connecting waterways. The introduction of zebra mussels has caused enormous biological impacts, as a female can produce up to one million eggs each year, and live for 2 - 5 years, each filtering one litre of water per day. They feed on phytoplankton, which are organisms forming the basis of the food web in which all aquatic life depends on. Zebra feed on specific species of phytoplankton causing increased occurrence of toxic algal blooms which can negatively impact all wildlife in the area. Zebra mussels can hitchhike to other bodies of water through boats, trailers and equipment.

Invasive phragmites tends to grow in extremely dense stands, reaching heights of up to 5 metres. It can be identified by its beige coloured stems with blue-green leaves and its large, dense seed heads.

Methods of controlling phragmites include herbicide application, prescribed burning, mowing, compressing, hand-pulling, and flooding. Disposal of trimmings should be done carefully as fragments of trimmings and seeds can reestablish the phragmites population.

If you see it, Map it! Track invasive species using EDD Maps, the Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System, a web-based mapping of invasive species distribution. www.EDDMapS.org/Ontario eddmaps@ofah.org 1-800-563-7711

Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

fishing equipment

live-wells

bait bucket

motor

anchor

bilge

trolling motor

prop

wheel well axle

bunks trailer

rollers hull dock-lines

Help prevent the spread of invasive species, take a few simple steps to preserve Ontario’s waters and fisheries: CLEAN any plants, mud, mussels or debris from your boat and equipment DRAIN all standing water from your bilge, motor, and live well DRY your boat for 2-7 days or disinfect it with hot or pressurized water ZEBRA MUSSELS

ROUND GOBY

EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL

PHOTO CREDIT: GARY BLIGHT

2.0 cm

6 - 10 cm

DON’T LET THEM CATCH A RIDE TO REPORT INVASIVE SPECIES:

1-800-563-7711 www.EDDMapS.org/Ontario

STOP AQUATIC HITCHHIKERS 2 colour printing

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Tips for a Healthier Lake Ecosystem Protecting and preserving the lakes & rivers of our precious watershed; What better way to display a shared passion for lake life!

Maintain and Protect Your Septic System • Pump your tank regularly (generally every 3 - 5 years).

• Inspect your system regularly for wet areas, sewage smells, and excessive vegetation growth.

• Conserve water to reduce the amount of fluid going into your septic system.

• Be conscious of what goes into your tank (no food, compost, grease, bleach, harsh cleansers, paints, etc.).

• Keep trees, shrubs, and heavy equipment away from your septic field.

Use Phosphate-Free Soaps and Detergents • Use phosphate-free, chlorine-free, and biodegradable shampoos, cleaning products, and detergents.

We need to do everything we can to reduce nutrient loading (phosphorous) entering the Lake of the Woods watershed. High phosphorous levels can impair water quality, as they are the key agents causing toxic algal blooms. Phosphorous acts as a fertilizer, leading to the overgrowth of algae which can deplete the water of its oxygen supply and diminish wildlife.

Be an Environmentally Friendly Boater • Choose a fuel efficient 4-stroke motor and maintain your engine regularly, inspecting your fuel line, clamps and filters monthly.

• If fueling near water is the only option, minimize spillage and keep absorbent clean up material handy.

• Recycle spent fuel, oil antifreeze, filters and batteries.

• Clean your boat well and away from shore. Make sure to use non-toxic and phosphate-free cleaners such as baking soda, lemon juice and vinegar.

• Minimize use of cleaning products and maximize use of old-fashioned elbow grease.

• Use the least toxic paint you can find to pain the hull.

fishing equipment

live-wells

bait bucket

motor

anchor

bilge

trolling motor

prop

• Reduce wakes near the shore as it causes shoreline erosion and can destroy nesting areas and aquatic habitats.

wheel well axle

bunks trailer

rollers hull dock-lines

Help prevent the spread of invasive species, take a few simple steps to preserve Ontario’s waters and fisheries: CLEAN any plants, mud, mussels or debris from your boat and equipment DRAIN all standing water from your bilge, motor, and live well DRY your boat for 2-7 days or disinfect it with hot or pressurized water Treat on-board sanitation systems with products that don’t contain chlorine or formaldehyde.

• Follow the steps for effective Clean-Drain-Dry to prevent the spread of invasive species.

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• Dispose of grey water and black water properly (i.e. holding tanks on board and discharge at accredited facilities).

ZEBRA MUSSELS

ROUND GOBY

EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL

Grey water is the soapy water from washing and cleaning. It contains nutrients that cause excessive vegetation growth and contribute to water quality problems. Black water refers to human waste from on-board toilets. It is illegal to release it into our waterways.

PHOTO CREDIT: GARY BLIGHT

2.0 cm

6 - 10 cm

DON’T LET THEM CATCH A RIDE

TO REPORT INVASIVE SPECIES:

1-800-563-7711 www.EDDMapS.org/Ontario

STOP AQUATIC HITCHHIKERS 2 colour printing

Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association 4 colour printing

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association black only

Tips for a Healthier Lake Ecosystem Protecting and preserving the lakes & rivers of our precious watershed; What better way to display a shared passion for lake life!

Be Waste Wise • Be responsible for your garbage when boating­—take it home with you for proper disposal and recycling. Even liquids should not be dumped in the lake!

• Pick up any trash you find floating in the water.

• Reduce, reuse recycle and compost food scraps, leaves and weeds wherever possible, and take the remaining garbage to your local waste management site.

• Use plastic products more than once, and make an effort to use reusable food containers rather than plastic wrap and bags.

• Buy durable products that extend their life with proper maintenance and repair.

• Do not burn or bury garbage as it can have negative impacts on the health of lakes and rivers.

Burning garbage releases harmful chemicals into the air and ultimately waterways. Additionally, burying garbage causes methane, a dangerous greenhouse gas, to be released into the environment as the garbage decomposes.

Burn Responsibly • Manage wastes in ways that do not involve burning. Never burn these items: » Garbage & domestic wastes » Pressure treated wood » Plastic

» Coloured or glossy paper

» Oil

» Cardboard

» Construction products

» Coal

» Wet wood and leaves • Use alternatives to burning waste such as reduce, reuse and recycle, composting, and using a chipper for bush debris and wood waste.

• Burn as cleanly as possible by using clean, dry and properly seasoned wood. Burning wood at as high of a temperature as possible to prevent the release of partially combusted pollutants.

• Inspect and clean indoor fireplaces annually, and insure ventilation is adequate.

Be a Green Gardener •

Have a green and healthy lawn and garden without pesticides.

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Do not use synthetic fertilizers.

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Use native plants, trees, groundcovers and minimize the size of your lawn.

Maintain a buffer of vegetation between the shore and your lawn—shrubs and native grasses will absorb nutrients flowing towards shore and minimize what reaches the lake.

Content provided by the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Septic Systems 101 Septic systems can be an efficient and effective way to treat household wastewater.

If properly designed and maintained, systems can last over 30 years, however if septic systems are not maintained they can quickly fail, causing damage to the environment and the potential for high maintenance or replacement costs.

Your septic system treats your household wastewater by temporarily holding it in the septic tank where heavy solids and lighter scum are allowed to separate from the wastewater. The solids stored in the tank are decomposed by bacteria and later removed, along with the lighter scum, when your tank is pumped.

After the partially treated wastewater leaves the tank, it flows through an effluent filter (if equipped) and into the field. Newer systems have mantles which are downslope treatment areas that increase the surface area, encouraging the effluent to evaporate from the system area. Mantles are typically an extension of the existing downslope so that there is sand extending 15 meters (50 feet) from the piping in the field.

The remaining effluent then slowly seeps into the subsurface soil where it is further treated and purified before mixing with the groundwater. Effluent filters are mandatory in all new installations and adding one to the tank outlet should help improve the field’s performance and extend its life.

A great time to clean the septic system filter is immediately after the septic tank has been pumped.

This task may be best left to professionals; care and caution are recommended if you are doing it yourself.

The empty septic tank means that when you remove the septic filter for cleaning, no sewage will bypass it and flow into and clog the drainfield. With the access cover open, the septic filter can be removed and washed, typically by spraying it with a hose. Replace the filter and wash your hands. Most septic filters will need to be inspected and cleaned more often than the septic tank is pumped out. Regular inspection is the best way to determine how frequently your use pattern starts to plug the filter. The good news is that a permit is not required to add an effluent filter or a mantle to your system.

Permits required before installing or altering your system Without exception, permits are required for installations and alterations of septic and grey water systems. The Northwestern Health Unit (NWHU) regulates the design and installation of on-site septic systems in municipalities and unincorporated areas under Part 8 of the Ontario Building Code (OBC) through the NWHU sewage permit process. Prior to any installation or replacement of an on-site septic system, the property owner must complete the NWHU sewage permit application and obtain a permit. Through the permit process, the design is reviewed and the installation is subject to milestone inspections by a NWHU Inspector. Sewage system permits and other services provided are subject to a fee schedule.

Information on the permit process, requirements and more are available at nwhu.on.ca or by calling 1-800-830-5978. (In all cases, both residential and commercial, where daily flow exceeds 10,000 litre permits are issued by the Ministry of Environment, Conservation & Parks.)

The primary functions of septic tanks are: • to create a holding space where some of the solids can be separated from the liquids • to break down solids through a biochemical process involving the bacteria • to store the settled solids until pumping occurs

The primary functions of septic fields are: • absorb and filter all the household water • then distribute it into the soil, cleansing the wastewater before mixing with the groundwater

Signs your field has failed or is failing.

1. Septic field is soggy!

• If the ground above your field is soft, or there are wet areas down slope from your field, and it hasn’t been raining, that’s a sign of failure. Once your septic field loses its distribution power, the system can’t function well, and you’ll have ponding.

2. Your lawn looks great where the tank or septic field are located.

• If your field or tank have grass that is noticeably greener and healthier than the rest of your lawn, your system could be overflowing and delivering waste into the ground in ways it wasn’t designed to.

3. Sewer Smell • Ah, the smell of septic in the morning! It’ll wake you up, that’s for sure. It’s not pleasant, and if you’re smelling it in your home, it’s a good bet something is clogged and not draining properly.

Get an expert and find the cause. Septic gases are not only smelly, they can be dangerous.

• If your toilets and sinks don’t function properly, sewage could back up into your house.

• If it’s not even getting to the tank, you could have some serious issues!

Greywater systems are not sewage disposals!

Most greywater systems are used to handle wash water and nothing more.

A proper greywater system is a lot more than a hole in the ground filled with rocks. Greywater systems that are appropriate for use in this region are not small and are designed to distribute the load over a larger area allowing for more evaporation and less runoff potential. The picture shows a typical greywater trench installation in good soils. For example: in a native clay soil the chamber needs to be surrounded by 0.6 meters (2 feet) of sand on all sides.

Tips to keep your septic system working Your septic system "is alive" and just like your digestive system, it relies on bacteria to process the material we put through it. By paying attention to what we put into our systems, we can really improve our septic system performance.

Perform regular maintenance:

Never pour grease down the drain:

Solids MUST eventually be pumped from the tank, even if you are on an island. If you can't remember the last time your tank was pumped, you're likely overdue. Septic tanks can contain toxic fumes and tank pumping and filter cleaning is best left to the professionals.

Grease can ruin your septic system by clogging the septic field, making it impossible for soil to absorb liquids—and you may need a completely new field.

Minimize use of garbage disposal systems:

Ensure that your septic system has grown with your home or cottage. If it has doubled its sleeping capacity, it should have doubled its septic capacity.

Using a garbage disposal will greatly increase the amount of solids entering your system. No matter how well they are ground up, they are still solids and will clog up your field. Therefore we do not recommend their use with septic systems. Compost plant material instead.

Use low flow toilets, aerators on faucets and flow reducer nozzles on showers to help lower water consumption.

Minimize, or better yet, eliminate heavy-duty cleansers:

Prevent overloading the septic tank and field:

Reduce water levels for small loads of laundry or consider buying energy efficient appliances.

Wait until the dishwasher is full to run it or try a shorter dishwashing cycle, which uses less water.

Do not use the toilet as a garbage disposal: Cat litter, disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons, paper towels, facial tissues, coffee grounds, or cigarette butts and filters should never be flushed down the toilet. These items can quickly clog septic systems.

Keep trees away from the septic system: Keep trees far from the septic system to avoid damage by roots.

Trees with very aggressive roots, such as willows, should be even farther away from the system.

Overuse of heavy-duty cleaners and anti-bacterial products kills beneficial bacteria in the septic tank, so solids won't break down as well. Also many solid detergents (laundry and dishwasher) contain clay as a filler—filler that can clog your field. So use environmentally-friendly liquid detergents whenever possible.

Never pour hazardous chemicals down the drain: Varnish, paint thinners, motor oils, gasoline, and other similar chemicals can ruin your system and are a hazard to groundwater. Store used hazardous chemicals in appropriate containers and dispose of them in accordance with your jurisdiction's hazardous waste laws.

Protect the system from damage: Do not drive over the field, build a structure on top of it, or cover it with concrete or asphalt.

Do plant grass on the field to minimize soil erosion.

www.lowwsf.com

Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

QUIZ

Do You Live Green at the Lake?

Circle the most appropriate answer

What kind of appliances do you have at the lake? a. They came with the cottage, old and leaky ( and kind of tricky, you just have to jiggle the handle twice or else it keeps running!). b. New-ish, but starting to get a little inefficient.

What do you do with your garbage and old food? a. Leave it outside, the bears love it! b. Take it to the dump at the end of the summer. c. Keep it in cans with secure lids and empty it regularly at the dump.

c. Composting toilet or low-flow, energy efficient appliances.

When was the last time you pumped out the septic system?

Do you put soap directly in the lake? a. All the time! Helps to get rid of fuel spills and it’s the only way we like to bathe at the cottage!

a. You have to do what!?

b. We have a few times, but we try not to.

b. When we moved in 10 years ago.

c. Never, soap can be harmful to fish and other aquatic organisms!

c. Regularly every 3-5 years.

What is your lawn maintenance routine at the lake? a. We mow the grass every week, right to the edge of the lake, and regularly apply fertilizers-the more the better! b. We mow the grass pretty regularly right to the edge, but never apply fertilizer. c. Let it grow! We have a buffer zone at the edge of the lake, keep the grass between 6-8 cm high, and never apply fertilizer.

What kind of motor does your boat have?

What do you do with your bait when you’re done fishing? a. Dump it in the water, be free little fishies! b. Dump them on shore. c. Put it in the trash away from the shore, freeze it, or give it away.

How energy efficient are you at the cottage? a. Well, we do need our flood lights, tvs, dvd players, computers and air conditioning.

a. Old faithful. It leaves a trail of fuel wherever we go, but it’s never needed a tune-up.

b. We have a few electricity guzzlers, but we make sure they’re turned off when were not using them.

b. An older version, but we get regular tune-ups.

c. Weve switched to low wattage lights, and unplug our appliances when they’re not in use.

c. A four-stroke.

Mostly a’s: You’re a green guzzler. Just a few small changes, like those in the Living Green at the Lake guide, will help you to protect our environment for future generations!

Mostly b’s: You’re a green go-getter, you’re trying to live green at the lake.

You’re almost there!

Mostly c’s: You’re a green guru! You have mastered the art of living green at the cottage, congratulations!

Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Contact Numbers Government of Canada

Emergency Numbers

1-800-622-6232 or visit www.canada.gc.ca

Kenora Hospital: 807-468-9861 Emergencies within Kenora, Keewatin, Jaffery Mellick & Laclu (468, 467, 547, 548 and some 543): Dial 911

Canadian Coast Guard General inquiries: 613-993-0999 or www.ccg-gcc.ca

Environment and Natural Resources

Ontario Provincial Police, non emergency: 807-548-5534 or 1 800-222-8477 Ontario-wide ambulance: 1-877-351-2345

General Information: 1-855-525-9293

Report a Forest Fire (Province Wide): 310-FIRE (3473)

Government of Ontario

Invasive Species

www.ontario.ca

Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Kenora Office: 808 Robertson Street

Invasive Species Centre Phone: 705-541-5790 www.invasivespeciescentre.ca

Phone: 807-468-2501

Ontario’s Invading Species Awareness Program

Bear Wise: 1-855-525-9293

Conservation & Parks

www.invadingspecies.com

Kenora Office: 808 Robertson Street

Ontario Invasive Plant Council

Phone: 807-468-2718

www.ontarioinvasiveplants.ca

Northwestern Health Unit Inquires on: drinking water safety, water sample test, tick removal kits, sewage and land development, sewage permits, Blastomycosis and much more.

Invading Species Hotline 1-800-563-7711 or report www.eddmaps.org

Kenora office: 210 First Street North Phone: 807-468-3147 or 1-800-830-5978 www.nwhu.on.ca

Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Phone: 1-807-468-8715 | Toll Free: 1-888-265-9784 | lowdsa.com | info@lowdsa.com M N LOWDSAssoc P S

LOWDSA V Lake of the Woods District Stewardship Association

Town Island, ON; Photo by Patty Nelson

THE NATURE CONSERVANCY OF CANADA Natural areas in Canada are part of our national identity. Conservation of our wild spaces and species has never been more critical. Setting aside nature for the future is one of the most tangible ways we can address the climate crisis, stop the loss of biodiversity, and ensure current and future generations can count nature as part of their everyday lives. The Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC) protects nature in perpetuity through donations of land, purchase, and conservation easements. We aim to help people appreciate and experience nature through our conservation efforts and on our conserved properties.

NCC is Canada’s leading private land conservation not-for-profit and registered charity. Since 1962, NCC and its partners have helped to protect more than 14 million hectares (35 million acres), coast to coast to coast. From Rainy Lake to Lake of the Woods in northwestern Ontario to Pelee Island in Lake Erie, NCC uses the best available conservation science to guide our planning, land securement and land management activities.

OUR VALUES Wherever we work across Canada, we share and apply the following values:

Town Island, ON; Photo by Patty Nelson

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We manage lands and waters for their natural values today and for the long term.

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We are guided by the best available conservation knowledge and science.

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We seek conservation solutions that meet the needs of nature and people.

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We work to the highest ethical and professional standards.

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We work in the spirit of collaboration, including with local and Indigenous communities.

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We strive for a conservation movement in which equity, diversity and inclusion are the norm.

NCC in Ontario NCC’s first project in Ontario was the conservation of Cavan Swamp in 1969, an important wetland supporting numerous orchid species, muskrat, beaver and waterfowl. NCC works in communities across Ontario from the Oak Ridges Moraine, Frontenac Arch, the Minesing Wetlands, Manitoulin, Lake Superior, to Pelee Island. We have led the conservation of 1,400 projects, totaling to more than 84,000 hectares (207,000 acres) of this province’s most ecologically significant lands and waters. Today, the Ontario Region continues to work with our partners to conserve Ontario’s natural heritage.

There are many ways people can get involved with NCC in Ontario. From donations or hosting your own fundraising event, to conducting important research or volunteering your time in the field, NCC appreciates all your support! natureconservancy.ca

Left: Town Island (Lake of the Woods) Locator; Map by NCC. Top: Moose; Photo by Mike Dembeck. Bottom: Lake of the Woods, ON; Photo by NCC. Top Right: American White Pelican; Photo by Bill McIntyre

LAKE OF THE WOODS For generations, the natural beauty of Lake of the Woods has inspired campers, cottagers and residents alike. This vast wilderness, which runs through Ontario, Manitoba and Minnesota, provides priceless opportunities for people to connect with the best of Canadian nature.

Globally significant habitats and species can be found here dotting the more than 14,000 islands and 105,000 kilometres of shoreline. Mature forests play host to wide-ranging mammals, like American black bear and moose, while the shores and coastal wetlands provide nurseries for fish and habitat for migratory birds.

But finding a balance for nature and people takes thoughtful consideration. Fragmented habitats and water quality issues impact both species and people. Contaminants, algal blooms and invasive species threaten the enjoyment of many lakes throughout Canada, including Lake of the Woods. Lake of the Woods is also closely connected to Shoal Lake, which supplies the city of Winnipeg’s drinking water. For these reasons and many more, it is critical that we conserve Lake of the Woods’ undeveloped islands and shoreline while we still can.

Keep Town Island Wild NCC is partnering with the City of Kenora, local residents, cottagers and campers to protect 82 hectares (202 acres) on Town Island. This island was identified as an urgent conservation priority in NCC’s conservation plans because of its intact forest, undeveloped shoreline and large size. Our goal is the conservation of the island’s unique biodiversity, while still allowing public access.

NCC is now fundraising to ensure that Town Island is protected forever. NCC must raise the funds necessary to purchase and care for this island by summer 2022.

To learn more visit www.natureconservancy.ca/town-island or call 647-888-4258.

Thank You For Your Support NCC Charitable Registration Number: 11924 6544 RR0001

If a U.S. tax deduction could be more advantageous, NCC works in partnership with a registered U.S. charity, Amerian Friends of Canadian Nature (AFCN), and we would be pleased to explore options with you.

KRISTYN FERGUSON Program Director 519.400.1159 kristyn.ferguson@natureconservancy.ca

LAURA VAUGHAN Senior Development Officer, Ontario 647.888.4258 laura.vaughan@natureconservancy.ca