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2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report September 2026

Report Contributors: Lisa Davidson, PhD, Senior Research Scientist Erin Blajszczak, MEd, Senior Research Associate Raquel Rosenbloom, MPP, Data Analyst

Point of Contact: Erin Knepler, PhD, Project Director Knepler-erin@norc.org

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...............................................................................................................................................1 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................2 Major Findings ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Section 1: Reported Prevalence of Sexual Misconduct ............................................................ 11 Section 2: Sexual Misconduct Characteristics and Resource Utilization ............................. 17 Section 3: Prevention Training, Knowledge of Campus Resources, and Perceptions of Wake Forest University Campus Climate ..................................................................................... 77 Ongoing WFU Efforts to Address Sexual Misconduct .............................................................. 83 Appendix A – Statistical Weighting Procedures ........................................................................ 85 Appendix B – Survey Instrument ..................................................................................................... 87

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Introduction Wake Forest University (WFU) has a longstanding commitment to addressing sexual misconduct and the harm associated with it, as well as its root causes. In 2022, WFU conducted its first campus climate survey on sexual misconduct. The University partnered with NORC at the University of Chicago (NORC), a nonpartisan research organization with decades of experience, to administer the survey. Campus climate studies serve multiple vital purposes to advance policies and practices that promote safe and supportive environments. They offer students an opportunity to report their experiences with sexual misconduct, their knowledge of campus resources, and their perceptions of the campus environment confidentially. The inaugural results from 2022 provided critical insights into the prevalence of sexual misconduct at the University and the effectiveness of existing institutional resources. In response, WFU developed and implemented a multifaceted approach to ensure high-quality, trauma-informed prevention programming and support services for all Reynolda campus undergraduate and graduate students. This approach prioritized initiatives to increase resource utilization, institutionalize prevention efforts, build WFU-specific bystander programs, and increase collaborative campus partnerships focused on preventing and responding to concerns related to interpersonal violence. Within this framework, “interpersonal violence” is used as an umbrella term encompassing sexual misconduct, dating or relationship violence, sexual harassment, sexual assault, digital sexual misconduct, and stalking. In 2026, WFU demonstrated its commitment to improvement by conducting the survey in collaboration with NORC again to continue building change across its policies, support services, and prevention efforts. The data will be used to identify key priorities to drive future efforts across campus.

Report Terminology This report uses terminology intended to describe survey findings in a clear, respectful, and trauma-informed manner while recognizing individuals may use different language to describe their own experiences. Throughout the report, participant refers to an individual who completed the survey. When describing survey findings, the phrase participants who reported experiencing a specific form of misconduct is used, such as sexual harassment, to refer to participants who indicated in their survey responses that they had experienced those behaviors. Individuals may identify with a variety of terms, including survivor, victim, or other language that best reflects their personal experiences. No single term reflects everyone’s preferences, and our use of this │1

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

descriptive language is not intended to diminish or redefine individuals’ lived experiences or identities. The term person(s) who caused harm is used to refer to the individual(s) identified by participants as engaging in the reported behaviors. This terminology is intended to describe the reported conduct without making legal or disciplinary determinations regarding responsibility or culpability. The report summarizes participants’ survey responses and does not constitute a finding regarding whether misconduct occurred in any individual case. These terms are used consistently throughout the report to promote clarity, neutrality, and respect for the diverse experiences and perspectives of survey participants.

Methodology WFU leadership contracted with NORC at the University of Chicago (NORC) to conduct the 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey, which consisted of updating the student survey used in 2022, collecting the data in early 2026, and analyzing and providing the survey results.

Survey Instrument The student survey instrument (see Appendix A) was originally developed for the 2022 survey based on the Association of American Universities (AAU) 2019 Campus Climate Survey.1 For the 2026 administration, WFU and NORC collaborated to refine and expand the instrument to better address campus-specific priorities. Key enhancements included updated measures from the baseline survey, new items addressing digital sexual misconduct, and refined response options to capture evolving aspects of campus climate. The final survey instrument included 141 items divided into 7 sections shown in Table 1. Table 1. Survey Sections Asked of Participants Who Reported Asked of All

Experiencing

Number of Items

Participants

Misconduct

Background Characteristics

22 items

Yes

Knowledge of WFU Campus Resources

5 items

Yes

Digital Sexual Misconduct

22 items

11 items

Sexual Harassment

15 items

4 items

11 items

Survey Sections

https://www.aau.edu/key-issues/campus-climate-and-safety/aau-campus-climate-survey-2019 │2

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Asked of Participants Who Reported Asked of All

Experiencing

Number of Items

Participants

Misconduct

16 items

4 items

12 items

13 items

3 items

10 items

Nonconsensual Sexual Contact

18 items

9 items

Sexual Misconduct Prevention at WFU

4 items

Yes

Perceptions of Campus Climate

4 items

3 items

1 item

22 items

None

22 items

Survey Sections Stalking Intimate Partner and/or Dating Violence a

Details of Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Incident a

This section was asked of those with a history of a partnered relationship since beginning their studies at WFU

(n = 1,176). A partnered relationship was defined on the survey as any romantic relationship or any ongoing relationship involving physical or sexual contact. Participants could select from: marriage or civil union; domestic partnership, cohabitation, or nesting; steady or serious romantic, physical, and/or sexual relationship; other ongoing relationship involving physical or sexual contact; or another relationship.

Survey Population and Sampling The Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey’s purpose was to understand sexual misconduct experiences and perceptions among WFU students. The survey invited WFU undergraduate, graduate, and professional students (with the exception of School of Professional Studies or School of Medicine students) enrolled in in-person programs at WFU’s Reynolda campus to participate. The sample included 6,845 students provided by WFU. Table 2 shows each WFU student group invited to participate along with their survey response rate.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 2. Survey Response Rates Overall and by Academic Level Survey WFU Student Group

Invited Students

Responses

Response Rate

6,845

2,004

29.3%

Graduate/Professional

1,328

404

30.4%

Undergraduate

5,517

1,600

29.0%

Undergraduate Year 1

1,312

473

36.1%

Undergraduate Year 2

1,372

404

29.4%

Undergraduate Year 3

1,451

407

28.0%

Undergraduate Year 4

1,382

316

22.9%

Overall Academic Level

Note. Reflects unweighted (actual) counts and percentages.

Survey Administration The 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey was administered as a web-based survey programmed in Qualtrics. Each survey screen included hyperlinks, a telephone number, and email addresses for confidential and nonconfidential on- and off-campus resources that provide support related to sexual misconduct. The final survey screen included links to documents with this information so participants could have access to this contact information after completing the survey. Data collection began on January 29, 2026, and concluded on March 16, 2026. Students (N = 6,845) were emailed a personalized invitation to participate in the survey. The invitation and all subsequent reminder email messages included a survey link unique for each prospective participant. After the initial survey invitation, NORC sent 10 email reminders to the remaining nonresponding students.2 Students were incentivized to participate. From the start of the survey, all participants were offered a voucher via email for a free drip coffee from an on-campus coffee shop after completing the survey. Students were also informed that survey participants would be entered into a drawing to have a chance at receiving one of 100 crewneck WFU sweatshirts or a VIP study space during WFU’s Spring 2026 finals week. After four weeks of data collection, the random drawing awards were increased to include one of five tickets plus Presidential Suite passes for a talk by Cynthia Erivo as well as one reserved

NORC sent email reminders on 2/4/26, 2/10/26, 2/18/26, 2/26/26, 3/2/26, 3/5/26, 3/9/26, 3/11/26, 3/13/26, and 3/16/26. 2

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

on-campus parking spot for one week. Following the close of the survey, NORC completed a random drawing on April 9, 2026, to select all 107 incentive winners and coordinated with WFU in distributing the awards.

Analytic Dataset After data collection, a data quality review was performed on all cases with data (N = 2,656). The process identified 509 ineligible cases (i.e., did not consent, age ineligibility, in-person attendance ineligibility, academic program ineligibility) and 143 cases who did not provide any responses to any of the 26 items included on the survey asking about the occurrence of the various types of sexual misconduct.3 These ineligible and nonresponse cases were removed, leaving 2,004 complete cases in the final analytic dataset. Next, the survey’s write-in responses for participant race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation were carefully reviewed and back-coded using the survey’s existing response options or using a new category (e.g., another race or ethnicity). The details for how information about participants’ academic level, gender, as well as race and ethnicity were collected, coded, and analyzed are described below. Academic level. The survey asked students to identify their current WFU student affiliation among three response options: 1) undergraduate, 2) graduate, or 3) professional. Undergraduate students were retained in their own category, while graduate and professional students were combined into a single graduate/professional student category for purposes of analyses and reporting. Only graduate/professional students from the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, School of Business, School of Divinity, and Wake Forest Law were invited to participate. Gender. Survey participants were asked to identify their gender among 11 response options,4 and they were then classified into one of three gender groups for the purposes of analyses, reporting, and cross-group comparisons: 1) women, 2) men, or 3) trans women or men, genderfluid, genderqueer, questioning or unsure, agender, or nonbinary (TGQN). Given the small group sizes across each of the TGQN gender categories, collapsing these categories into a larger TGQN group allowed us to include and compare these students’ responses.

Given the nature of the survey’s items, we did not include survey completion time as a data quality criterion.

Additionally, we carefully examined higher refusal rates (i.e., proportions of the survey not completed by participants) and found a relatively low number of participants (n = 91) who completed fewer than half the items all participants saw. As such, we determined if a participant provided at least one response to items asking about the occurrence of the various types of sexual misconduct included on the survey, they were considered a complete case. 4

The 11 gender categories included on the survey were: woman, man, trans woman, trans man, genderfluid,

genderqueer, questioning or unsure, agender, nonbinary, not listed (open-ended), and prefer not to answer. │5

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Although this approach has been used in other large-scale survey efforts on sexual misconduct—including WFU’s 2022 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey—there are important limitations with this approach. First, there is heterogeneity within the TGQN group, and collapsing the category can obscure important cross-group differences. Second, a relatively small proportion of student populations identify as TGQN; accordingly, a small number of these students complete surveys. In the WFU final analytic dataset, approximately 2% of participants identified as one of the TGQN categories. Because of this, the TGQN group is not disaggregated by academic level (i.e., undergraduate or graduate/professional), and it is possible that undergraduate TGQN students’ experiences may differ from those of graduate and professional TGQN students. Race and ethnicity. The survey asked students to identify their background among 21 response options that combined racial and ethnic categories with a list of related nationalities—e.g., Asian: South Asian (for example, Afghan, Bangladeshi, Indian, Nepalese, Pakistani, Sri Lankan). Additionally, participants were given the option to select “Not listed: I describe myself as...” These open-ended responses were back-coded to align with existing categories. For analyses, categories were collapsed to the higher-order racial and ethnic categories (i.e., American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black, Hispanic or Latino, Middle Eastern, North African, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or white). All items on the survey were analyzed. Weighted (statistical weight applied) and unweighted (actual) counts and percentages were calculated. The discussion and tables in this report include weighted percentages for the total analytic dataset as well as for undergraduate and graduate/professional women and men participants and unweighted percentages for TGQN participants (combined across academic level). Where counts are included in this report, counts < 10 are suppressed (indicated by --) to protect participant confidentiality. Additional counts are also suppressed when necessary to prevent suppressed values from being calculated from other values in the table. Statistical raking5 was then implemented to statistically weight the final analytic dataset to WFU’s undergraduate, graduate, and professional student populations (see Appendix B for detailed descriptions of the statistical weighting procedures). Tables 3a and 3b summarize key characteristics of the WFU final analytic dataset.

Statistical raking is a weighting method used in survey research to adjust the weights of survey responses that are under- or over-represented in a dataset to match the known characteristics of a population. 5

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 3a. Key 2026 Participant Characteristics Characteristic

Weighted Estimates Count

Unweighted (Actual) Counts and Percentages Count

What describes your current student affiliation with Wake Forest University? Undergraduate student

1,612

80.5%

1,600

79.8%

Graduate or professional student

392

19.5%

404

20.2%

First year

447

27.9%

473

29.6%

Second year

399

24.9%

404

25.2%

Third year

402

25.2%

407

25.4%

Fourth year or higher

352

22.0%

316

19.8%

What is your undergraduate year in school?

What is your year of study in your graduate/professional program? First year

235

58.1%

222

55.0%

Second year

24.2%

105

26.0%

Third year

15.2%

16.6%

Fourth year or higher

2.5%

2.4%

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

150

7.5%

155

7.7%

Black

137

6.9%

148

7.4%

Hispanic/Latino

174

8.7%

113

5.6%

White

1,395

69.6%

1,335

66.6%

Multiracial

4.1%

189

9.4%

Unknown/Not reported

Which best represents your background? a

Are you an international student at Wake Forest University? No

1,906

95.1%

1,903

95.0%

Yes

4.3%

4.5%

Unknown/Not reported

0.6%

0.5%

Woman

1,019

50.9%

1,271

63.4%

Man

923

46.0%

664

33.1%

TGQN a

1.5%

1.9%

Unknown/Not reported

1.6%

Which best describes your gender identity?

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Characteristic

Weighted Estimates

Unweighted (Actual) Counts and Percentages

Count

Asexual

1.2%

1.4%

Bisexual

132

6.6%

149

7.4%

Gay

2.7%

1.8%

1,683

84.0%

1,655

82.6%

Lesbian

1.3%

1.7%

Queer

1.5%

2.5%

Questioning or unsure

0.7%

1.0%

Pansexual

0.6%

1.0%

Another category/Unknown/Not reported

1,290

64.4%

1,218

60.8%

Do you consider yourself to be b

Heterosexual

Disability status No

Yes 714 35.6% 786 39.2% Note. Table excludes missing values. Counts < 10 are suppressed (indicated by --) to protect participant confidentiality. Additional counts are also suppressed when necessary to prevent suppressed values from being calculated from other values in the table. a TGQN gender identity group = agender, genderfluid, genderqueer, nonbinary, trans man, trans woman, questioning or unsure, or another gender identity. b

Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 3b. 2026 Participant Relationship Status and Living Situation Unweighted (Actual) Weighted Estimates Characteristic

Count

Counts and Percentages Count

Since you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you been in any partnered relationships? No

836

41.7%

828

41.3%

Yes

1,168

58.3%

1,176

58.7%

Which of the following best describes your living situation? On-campus—apartment/single/double

420

20.9%

426

21.2%

On-campus—residence hall

926

46.2%

935

46.7%

238

11.9%

228

11.4%

124

6.2%

136

6.8%

137

6.8%

140

7.0%

154

7.7%

136

6.8%

0.2%

Off-campus apartment/house with at least one other WFU student Off-campus apartment/house by myself Off-campus apartment/house with no other WFU students Off-campus apartment/house with others from sorority or fraternity Unknown/Not reported Note. Table excludes missing values.

Cross-year and Cross-group Comparisons For select measures (noted in the report), we compared findings between 2022 and 2026 participants as well as across participant characteristics (i.e., academic level, binary gender identity, race and ethnicity, victimization status). Cross-year comparisons are solely descriptive (i.e., reporting proportions of responses for both 2022 and 2026), while cross-group comparisons using only 2026 data examined statistically significant cross-group differences using chi-square tests of independence.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Major Findings The survey’s major findings are described in three main sections. Findings include the reported prevalence of five types of sexual misconduct: sexual harassment, digital sexual misconduct, nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact, stalking, and intimate partner and/or dating violence. The report concludes by situating these findings within WFU’s current and ongoing efforts related to ending sexual misconduct on campus. •

Section 1: Reported Prevalence of Sexual Misconduct These findings relate to the reported prevalence of the five types of sexual misconduct among WFU survey participants. Where possible, findings from the 2022 and 2026 surveys are compared.

•

Section 2: Sexual Misconduct Characteristics and Resource Utilization

Sections 1 and 2 present findings in order of the reported prevalence of at least one experience of sexual misconduct among overall WFU participants in 2026.

If participants reported experiencing any type of sexual misconduct, they were asked to describe characteristics about their experience(s), the person(s) who caused harm, to whom they reported the experience(s), the perceived helpfulness of campus-based resources (if they utilized them), and reasons for not contacting campus-based resources (if they weren’t used). These detailed findings are presented for each of the five types of sexual misconduct. Where possible, findings from the 2022 and 2026 surveys are compared. •

Section 3: Perceptions of WFU’s Climate Related to Sexual Misconduct All participants were asked to indicate their perceptions of WFU’s prevention education and training experiences, their knowledge of WFU’s resources related to sexual misconduct, and their perceptions of the institutional perspective and response to sexual misconduct on campus. This section also examined perceptions of institutional support among participants who reported experiencing sexual misconduct, including whether WFU met their needs across various dimensions following the incident(s).

•

Current and Ongoing Efforts at WFU to Address Sexual Misconduct This section includes a description of WFU’s efforts related to addressing sexual misconduct, explains how the survey findings inform those efforts, and offers several targeted resources for WFU to consider.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

For the findings that follow, the discussion and tables include both weighted and unweighted data.6 In findings tables, when no responses were observed, it is indicated by “-”.

Section 1: Reported Prevalence of Sexual Misconduct The survey asked students about five types of sexual misconduct they may have experienced since they have been a student at WFU: 1) sexual harassment, 2) digital sexual misconduct, 3) nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact, 4) stalking, and 5) intimate partner and/or dating violence. Findings related to the reported prevalence of these five types of sexual misconduct among both 2022 and 2026 WFU survey participants are listed in order of reported prevalence among survey participants, starting with the highest. Prevalence is reported as the total number of participants who reported experiencing sexual misconduct at least once since becoming a student at WFU. Findings related to the reported prevalence of at least one experience of any type of sexual misconduct are presented first, followed by more detailed information related to the reported prevalence of each type of sexual misconduct experienced at least once. Prevalence is reported as the weighted percentage of students who reported each type of sexual misconduct at least once, overall and by gender (women and men) and academic level (undergraduate and graduate/professional). Unweighted percentages are reported of TGQN students who reported each type of sexual misconduct at least once. Where possible, 2022 survey findings are presented alongside 2026 findings for comparison. Testing for statistically significant differences in victimization status (yes/no for both any and each type of sexual misconduct) between undergraduate women and men, as well as between graduate/professional women and men was conducted. Finally, sexual misconduct prevalence among participants by racial, ethnic, and gender identities is summarized.

Reported Prevalence of at Least One Experience of Sexual Misconduct Forty percent of WFU’s 2026 survey participants reported at least one experience of sexual misconduct (i.e., sexual harassment, digital sexual misconduct, nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact, stalking, and intimate partner and/or dating violence) since becoming a student at WFU. This 2026 prevalence rate (40%) was notably decreased from WFU’s 2022 rate (55%) (Table 4). Among 2026 participants, about half of both undergraduate women (50%) and TGQN students (52%) reported experiencing any type of sexual misconduct at least once. Undergraduate women reported experiencing this at a significantly higher rate compared to

See the Statistical Weighting Procedures (Appendix A) and Data Analyses (Methodological Overview) report sections for information on statistical weighting and data analyses. 6

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

undergraduate men (32%). Additionally, approximately one-third (33%) of graduate/professional women reported at least one experience of sexual misconduct. Graduate/professional men reported the lowest prevalence of experiencing sexual misconduct at least once (26%). While a lower rate than graduate/professional women, this difference was not statistically significant. Among 2026 participants, white women (50%), multiracial women (50%), and Hispanic/Latina women (45%) all reported experiencing any type of sexual misconduct at least once at higher rates compared to overall participants (Table 5). Though these groups reported higher prevalence rates relative to their overall peers in 2026, all three groups reported lower rates compared to 2022.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 4. Reported Prevalence of Sexual Misconduct Across Overall Participants, Academic Level, and Gender Undergraduate a

Overall Participants a

Women

Graduate/Professional a

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

Sexual Misconduct

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

Any incident

39.5%

55.4%

50.0%*

75.6%

32.1%

57.3%

32.8%

32.4%

26.2%

15.9%

55.3%

65.9%

Sexual harassment

26.0%

49.2%

35.6%*

69.9%

19.5%

50.1%

20.6%†

24.8%

12.0%

11.8%

39.5%

65.9%

Digital sexual misconduct c

15.3%

18.3%

13.8%

8.2%

9.1%

31.6%

8.9%

16.3%

14.6%*

29.3%

4.9%

10.4%

7.2%†

7.3%

1.3%

1.9%

10.5%

27.3%

Stalking

8.0%

18.8%

10.0%

26.5%

7.9%

19.2%

4.4%

9.3%

3.3%

4.7%

10.5%

25.0%

Intimate partner and/or dating violence d

3.9%

10.0%

5.8%*

13.7%

2.3%

10.2%

3.1%

7.2%

2.2%

2.3%

7.9%

22.2%

Nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact

Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages; c Digital sexual misconduct survey items were only included in the 2026 instrument;

Reported prevalence of intimate partner violence determined by participants who reported any prior relationships since beginning their studies at WFU (n = 1,176) * For statistical comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across gender among undergraduates); † For statistical d

comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across gender among graduate/professional students).

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 5. Reported Prevalence of Sexual Misconduct Across Race/Ethnicity and Women/Men Asian Only

Black Only

Women

Men

Women

White Only Men

Women

Men

Sexual Misconduct

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

Any incident

34.7%

38.2%

19.9%

29.3%

36.1%

55.2%

11.9%

33.3%

49.6%

68.5%

32.8%

49.4%

22.0%

32.0%

12.3%

24.1%

18.2%

49.3%

10.9%

33.3%

35.9%

61.9%

19.5%

42.2%

Sexual harassment Digital sexual misconduct

Nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact Stalking Intimate partner and/or dating violence b

13.9%

6.6%

13.5%

3.1%

16.8%

7.9%

6.3%

4.5%

4.9%

11.0%

15.8%

1.1%

13.3%

27.0%

4.7%

9.1%

11.2%

15.6%

10.4%

11.1%

12.2%

17.0%

1.0%

6.0%

8.4%

22.9%

6.9%

16.7%

6.0%

4.5%

5.2%

5.5%

14.5%

5.9%

11.2%

2.4%

8.1%

Hispanic/Latino Only Women

Multiracial

Men

Women

Men

Sexual Misconduct

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

2026

2022

Any incident

45.4%

57.6%

26.9%

50.9%

50.0%

74.8%

47.1%

51.5%

33.0%

54.1%

10.6%

45.4%

34.8%

66.4%

31.6%

39.7%

Sexual harassment Digital sexual misconduct Nonconsensual or

14.0%

13.6%

22.7%

18.3%

18.2%

19.4%

0.6%

7.8%

18.0%

29.4%

6.0%

11.8%

9.6%

20.8%

2.2%

16.0%

11.3%

26.9%

9.5%

14.7%

4.9% 14.9% 12.7% 4.9% 16.9% dating violence b Note. Reflects weighted percentages. When no responses were observed, we indicated this by -.

1.1%

17.9%

unwanted sexual contact Stalking Intimate partner and/or

14.0%

Digital sexual misconduct survey items were only included in the 2026 instrument; b Reported prevalence of intimate partner violence determined by participants who

reported any prior relationships since beginning their studies at WFU (n = 1,176.)

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Reported Prevalence of Specific Types of Sexual Misconduct Table 4 shows the overall prevalence of the specific types of sexual misconduct measured on the survey when it was reported at least once. The detailed definition and key findings for the prevalence of each type of sexual misconduct are provided below. Sexual harassment. WFU’s survey measured participants’ experiences with sexual harassment by asking them whether a student or someone employed by or otherwise associated with WFU had done any of the following to them since they have been a student at WFU: • • • •

Made sexual remarks or told sexual jokes or sexual stories that were insulting or offensive to them; Made inappropriate or offensive comments about their or someone else’s body, appearance, or sexual activities; Said crude or gross sexual things to them or tried to get them to talk about sexual matters when they did not want this; and/or Continued to ask them to go out, get dinner, have drinks, or have sex even though they refused.

Key Findings: When comparing 2022 and 2026 survey findings, participants’ reporting of sexual harassment decreased substantially (from 49% in 2022 to 26% in 2026 among overall participants), with particularly large declines among undergraduate and TGQN students. In 2026, approximately a quarter (26%) of overall participants reported experiencing sexual harassment at least once since becoming a student at WFU. Particular student groups reported higher rates. For instance, over a third of TGQN students (40%) and undergraduate women (36%) reported the highest rates. Both undergraduate and graduate/professional women were significantly more likely than undergraduate and graduate/professional men to report experiencing sexual harassment since becoming a student at WFU. 1 When considering rates by students’ racial and ethnic background as well as binary gender, multiracial (50%), white (50%), and Hispanic/Latina women (45%) all reported relatively higher rates compared to overall participants. Digital sexual misconduct. WFU’s 2026 survey included new measures related to participants’ experiences with digital sexual misconduct (i.e., unwanted, nonconsensual sexual behavior carried out through digital or online technologies, including smartphones, computers, tablets, apps, the internet, social media, email, learning platforms, streaming services, smart devices, and similar technologies). The survey asked whether a student or someone employed by or otherwise associated with WFU had done any of the following to them since they have been a student at WFU:

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

• • • • • • • • • • •

Used digital or online technologies to communicate offensive or unwanted sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos to them; Used digital or online technologies to communicate offensive or unwanted sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos about them; Made recurring sexual requests or advances to them using digital or online technologies; Was suspected of tracking or making recurring contact with them of a sexual nature and in unwanted ways using digital or online technologies; Threatened (regardless of whether it actually happened) to share sexually explicit messages, pictures, or videos of them on social media or elsewhere online; Shared sexually explicit messages, pictures, or videos of them on social media or elsewhere online; Requested revealing or nude photos of them, and then attempted to use those photos to get something from them (for example, sex, favors, or money); Threatened to release revealing or nude photos of them to ruin their reputation or future plans; Pressured them to send sexual content or engage in sexual acts digitally or online; Recorded and/or distributed sexual content without their permission (for example, using hidden cameras, screenshots, or screen recordings); and/or Digitally altered images of them (for example, using artificial intelligence, deepfake, or other applications that digitally alter something) to create sexual content without their permission.

Key Findings: In 2026, 15% of overall participants reported experiencing digital sexual misconduct at least once since becoming a student at WFU. Particular student groups reported higher rates. For instance, TGQN students reported the highest rate (32%), which is double the rate reported by overall participants. When considering rates by students’ racial and ethnic background as well as binary gender, multiracial women (23%), multiracial men (18%), and white women (17%) all reported relatively higher rates compared to overall participants. Nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact. WFU’s 2026 survey included measures related to participants’ experiences with nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact while attending WFU. Participants were informed that nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact could have involved contact that occurred because of physical force, incapacitation due to alcohol and/or drugs, and other types of pressure and that such sexual behavior may have been performed on them, or they may have been made to perform the sexual behaviors on another person. Participants were also informed that the person(s) with whom they had the nonconsensual or unwanted contact could have been someone they know (e.g., someone they are currently or were in a relationship with, a co-worker, a professor, or a family member) or someone they do │ 14

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

not know. Participants were informed to consider anyone who had done this, regardless of whether the person(s) was associated with WFU.

Key Findings: Overall participants’ survey reporting of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact decreased from 16% in 2022 to 9% in 2026, with especially pronounced declines among undergraduate women and TGQN students. Fifteen percent (15%) of undergraduate women and 11% of TGQN students reported these experiences. Both undergraduate and graduate/professional women were significantly more likely than undergraduate and graduate/professional men to report experiencing nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact since becoming a student at WFU. Hispanic/Latina (18%), multiracial (18%), white (13%), and Black (11%) women reported the highest rates of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact, when considering rates by participant racial and ethnic background and binary gender. Stalking. WFU’s 2026 survey included measures related to participants’ experiences with

stalking. WFU’s survey measured participants’ experiences with stalking by asking them whether someone had done any of the following to them since they have been a student at WFU: •

Showed up somewhere uninvited or waited for them when they did not want that

person to be there; and/or •

Spied on, watched, or followed them in person or monitored their activities or tracked their location using devices or software on their phone or computer.

Key Findings: Survey reporting of stalking was less than half in 2026 (8%) compared to 2022 (19%) among overall participants, with large declines across undergraduate women and men, graduate/professional women, and TGQN students. Black women (12%), multiracial women (11%), Asian women (11%), and Asian men (10%) reported the highest rates of stalking, when considering rates by participant racial and ethnic background as well as binary gender. Intimate partner and/or dating violence. WFU’s 2026 survey also included measures related

to participants’ experiences with intimate partner and/or dating violence. WFU’s survey asked participants who reported being in any partnered relationship (i.e., marriage or civil union; domestic partnership, cohabitation, or nesting; steady or serious romantic, physical, and/or sexual relationship; other ongoing relationship involving physical or sexual contact; or another relationship) since they have been a student at WFU (n = 1,176) about their experiences with intimate partner and/or dating violence. WFU’s survey measured these participants’ experiences by asking them whether a partner had done any of the following to them since they have been a student at WFU: │ 15

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

•

Controlled or tried to control them;

•

Threatened to physically harm them, someone they love, or him/herself; and/or

•

Used any kind of physical force against them or otherwise physically hurt or injured them.

Key Findings: Survey reporting of intimate partner and/or dating violence declined across overall participants from 10% in 2022 to 4% in 2026, with similar patterns among undergraduate and graduate/professional students. In 2026, TGQN students (8%) and undergraduate women (6%) reported the highest rates. Undergraduate women who reported having had a partnered relationship were significantly more likely than undergraduate men to report having experienced intimate partner and/or dating violence. White (6%), Black (6%), Hispanic/Latina (5%), and multiracial (5%) women reported the highest rates of intimate partner violence, when considering rates by participant racial and ethnic background as well as binary gender.

Summary Overall, experiences of sexual misconduct reported on WFU’s survey decreased substantially between 2022 and 2026 for all types of misconduct measured in both surveys. Among overall WFU participants, the prevalence of experiencing any form of sexual misconduct at least once declined from 55% in 2022 to 40% in 2026. Similar decreases were observed across specific types of misconduct from 2022 to 2026, including sexual harassment (49% to 26%, respectively), stalking (19% to 8%, respectively), nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact (16% to 9%, respectively), and intimate partner and/or dating violence (10% to 4%, respectively). TGQN students reported some of the highest prevalence rates of sexual misconduct in both 2022 and 2026. In 2026, more than half (55%) reported experiencing sexual misconduct at least once with 40% reporting sexual harassment, 32% reporting digital sexual misconduct, and 11% reporting nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and stalking. Although reported prevalence among TGQN students declined substantially from 2022 levels for most measures, their reported rates remained higher than those of most student groups. Undergraduate women also continued to report relatively higher prevalence of sexual misconduct among other gender and academic level groups examined. In 2026, half (50%) of undergraduate women reported experiencing sexual misconduct at least once, compared with about a third (32%) of undergraduate men, which is a statistically significant difference. Compared to undergraduate men, undergraduate women also reported significantly higher rates of sexual harassment (36% vs. 20%), nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact (15% vs. 5%), and intimate partner and/or dating violence (6% vs. 2%). Despite these disparities, undergraduate women experienced notable declines across all measured forms of misconduct │ 16

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

between 2022 and 2026, including a 25-percentage-point decrease in reports of any incident and a 34-percentage-point decrease in reports of sexual harassment. Among graduate/professional students, prevalence rates were generally lower than those reported by undergraduates and remained relatively stable between 2022 and 2026. In 2026, a third of graduate/professional women (33%) reported experiencing any incident of sexual misconduct, compared with about a quarter (26%) of graduate/professional men. Sexual harassment was the most commonly reported form of misconduct among graduate/professional students, affecting 21% of women and 12% of men. Reports of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact, stalking, and intimate partner or dating violence were relatively uncommon among graduate/professional students. Statistically significant gender differences were observed for sexual harassment and nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact among graduate/professional women and men. Digital sexual misconduct was assessed for the first time in 2026 and was reported by 15% of overall WFU participants. Rates were highest among TGQN students (32%) and undergraduate women (18%), suggesting that online and technology-facilitated forms of sexual misconduct represent an important area for continued prevention and response efforts.

Section 2: Sexual Misconduct Characteristics and Resource Utilization If participants indicated they had experienced any type of sexual misconduct, the survey included a number of items that asked for details about various aspects of these experiences. Section 2 includes detailed findings related to each of the five types of sexual misconduct (i.e., sexual harassment, digital sexual misconduct, stalking, intimate partner and/or dating violence, and nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact). In Section 2, findings related to sexual harassment, digital sexual misconduct, stalking, and intimate partner and/or dating violence are presented first in order of the reported prevalence of at least one experience of sexual misconduct among overall WFU participants in 2026. Findings related to nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact are presented separately at the end of the section.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

For each of these four types of sexual misconduct, separate findings related to students’ experiences are presented including: •

Prevalence of sexual misconduct behaviors (i.e., prevalence of each sexual misconduct behavior, by type);

•

Person(s) who caused harm (i.e., how many, gender, affiliation with WFU, relationship to participant); and

•

Impacts on participants (i.e., academic, professional, and any other impacts).

When reporting the prevalence of these types of sexual misconduct behaviors, findings are presented from the 2022 survey alongside 2026 findings for the sake of comparison for all behaviors except digital sexual misconduct, as these items were only included in the 2026 survey. Statistical significance testing was conducted to determine statistically significant differences in victimization status (yes/no for each type of sexual misconduct) between undergraduate women and men, graduate/professional women and men, and racial/ethnic groups. Findings related to students’ resource-seeking are presented across these four types of sexual misconduct so WFU administrators can understand the extent that different types of experiences relate to participant resource-seeking behaviors at WFU. Findings related to any WFU offices contacted, the perceived usefulness of resources contacted, reasons for not seeking resources, and disclosure to formal and informal reporting sources are also included. Finally, findings related to WFU students’ nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact experiences are presented separately at the end of this section. The presentation of the findings parallel the reporting on the first four types of sexual misconduct. However, nuances in both data collection related to these experiences as well as the various types of tactics used by person(s) who caused harm warrant a more detailed presentation of these findings.

Sexual Harassment at WFU Prevalence of sexual harassment behaviors. In 2026, about a quarter (26%) of overall WFU participants reported experiencing sexual harassment at least once from a student or someone employed by or otherwise associated with WFU since beginning their studies (see Table 4). Table 6 compares the specific sexual harassment behaviors reported on the surveys for both 2022 and 2026 participants. The most common sexual harassment behavior experienced by students in both 2022 and 2026 was inappropriate offensive comments made about their or someone else’s body, appearance, or sexual activities. In 2026, a total of 83% of students who reported experiencing any type of sexual harassment reported this. The second-most common sexual harassment behavior experienced by students in both 2022 and 2026 was insulting or offensive sexual │ 18

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

remarks, sexual jokes, or stories. While a lower rate compared to 2022, nearly half (48%) of 2026 participants who reported experiencing any type of sexual harassment reported this. Less common types of behaviors encountered by students who reported experiencing sexual harassment were crude or gross sexual remarks or unwelcomed attempts to get participants to talk about sexual matters (29% in 2026) and persistent requests to go out, get dinner or drinks, or have sex, despite participants’ refusal (22% in 2026). Table 6. Reported Prevalence of Sexual Harassment Behaviors Among Participants Reporting Any Experiences with Sexual Harassment Proportion of All Participants Who Reported Experiencing Any Type of Sexual Harassment Sexual Harassment Behaviors

2026

2022

Inappropriate offensive comments about participants’ or someone else’s body, appearance, or sexual activities

82.5%

81.6%

Insulting or offensive sexual remarks, sexual jokes, or stories

47.7%

69.4%

Crude or gross sexual remarks or unwelcomed attempts to get participants to talk about sexual matters

29.1%

50.9%

Continual requests to go out, get dinner, have drinks, or have sex despite participants’ refusal

21.6%

43.7%

Note. Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages of all participants who experienced any type of sexual harassment since beginning their studies at WFU in 2026 (n = 570) and in 2022 (n = 1,418); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentages can exceed 100%.

To provide more nuance related to how this type of sexual misconduct is experienced among different groups of WFU students, the 2026 prevalence of these specific behaviors among participants who experienced any type of sexual harassment since beginning their studies at WFU is reported by academic level, gender, and race/ethnicity (Tables 7 and 8). Table 7. 2026 Prevalence of Sexual Harassment, by Academic Level and Gender Undergraduate

Graduate/ Professional a

Sexual Harassment Behaviors

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

Inappropriate offensive comments about participants’ or someone else’s body, appearance, or sexual activities

29.3%*

18.2%

15.4%

10.9%

34.2%

Insulting or offensive sexual remarks, sexual jokes, or stories

17.5%*

6.0%

13.1%†

3.6%

29.0%

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Undergraduate

Graduate/ Professional a

Sexual Harassment Behaviors

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

Crude or gross sexual remarks or unwelcomed attempts to get participants to talk about sexual matters

9.4%

6.5%

7.4%

5.8%

21.1%

Continual requests to go out, get dinner, have drinks, or have sex despite participants’ refusal

9.3%*

3.3%

3.9%†

7.9%

Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. a

Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages

* For statistical comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across gender among undergraduates); † For statistical comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across gender among graduate/professional students)

While statistically significant gender differences were observed in 2026 within undergraduate and graduate/professional groups, undergraduates generally reported higher prevalence than graduate/professional participants across several forms of sexual harassment. TGQN participants consistently reported the highest prevalence and rates higher than overall participants across all sexual harassment behaviors, while women reported higher rates than men. Table 8. 2026 Prevalence of Sexual Harassment, by Race/Ethnicity Asian Only

Black Only

White Only

Hispanic/ Latinx Only

Multiracial

Inappropriate offensive comments about participants’ or someone else’s body, appearance, or sexual activities

13.6%b

12.1%b

24.8%a

15.4%b

28.2%a

Insulting or offensive sexual remarks, sexual jokes, or stories

10.0%b

6.3%c

12.3%b

10.4%b

18.8%a

Crude or gross sexual remarks or unwelcomed attempts to get participants to talk about sexual matters

6.2%b

5.6%b

8.4%b

6.3%b

12.3%a

Sexual Harassment Behaviors

Continual requests to go out, get dinner, have drinks, or have sex despite 3.7%b 1.4%b 6.0%a,b 7.0%a 7.4%a participants’ refusal Note. Reflects weighted percentages. For statistical comparisons between three or more groups, within each row, values that don’t share a subscript indicate statistically significant (p < .05) cross-group differences between the reported proportions (or values that do share a subscript indicate no statistically significant cross-group differences between the reported proportions).

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

In 2026, multiracial participants reported the highest prevalence across all types of sexual harassment, particularly for inappropriate comments about body or appearance (28%) and insulting sexual remarks (19%), where rates exceed those of other racial/ethnic groups and overall participants. White participants also reported relatively elevated prevalence for some behaviors, especially inappropriate comments (25%), compared to Asian, Black, and Hispanic/Latino participants. Asian and Hispanic/Latino participants generally demonstrated moderate levels across behaviors, while Black participants tend to report the lowest prevalence across most categories. More common behaviors (e.g., inappropriate comments and insulting remarks) show clearer variation across racial/ethnic groups, whereas less frequent behaviors, such as persistent requests despite refusal, remain relatively low across all groups, typically under 7%. Person(s) who caused harm. To understand various characteristics about the person(s) who caused harm from these sexual harassment behaviors, the 2026 survey asked a number of detailed questions. When asked how many different persons had behaved in these ways toward them, 37% reported only one person, 28% reported two persons, and 33% reported three or more persons. Participants were asked to indicate the relationship of the person(s) to both WFU (Table 9) and to themselves (Table 10). Table 9. 2026 Reported WFU Affiliation of Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Sexual Harassment How was the person/persons who behaved this way associated with WFU? WFU Role

Undergraduate student

79.1%

Graduate student

7.9%

Faculty or instructor

3.8%

Unsure about association with WFU

2.6%

Other staff or administrator

1.4%

Note. Only the top response options are included here; reflects weighted percentages of all participants who replied to this item (n = 560); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Most 2026 participants (79%) reported that the person(s) who caused harm from sexual harassment behavior(s) they experienced was a WFU undergraduate student. The relationship between the participants and person(s) who caused harm was most commonly a friend (39%), a known or recognized person but not a friend (26%), or a classmate (25%).

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 10. 2026 Reported Relationship Between Participant and Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Sexual

Harassment At the time of this event, what was the person’s/persons’ relationship to you? Relationship to Participant

Friend

39.1%

Someone I know or recognize, but was not a friend

25.7%

Classmate

24.5%

No prior relationship

15.1%

Anonymous online platform (such as Fizz or Yik Yak)

12.4%

Note. Only the top response options are included here; reflects weighted percentages of all participants who replied to this item (n = 558); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Participants were also asked to report on the gender of the person(s) who caused harm. A majority reported the person(s) who caused them harm to be a man (between 82–84%). The rate at which the person(s) who caused harm was reported to be a woman varied depending on how many different people caused harm from sexual harassment: one person (7%), two persons (19%), and three persons (33%). Between 2–6% of participants reported that they did not know the gender of the person(s) who caused harm. Impact of sexual harassment. The survey asked participants who reported experiencing sexual harassment how they were affected as a result of their experience(s) (Table 11). Table 11. 2026 Reported Sexual Harassment Impact Did this/any of these experiences affect you in any of the following ways? Sexual Harassment Impact

Created an intimidating, hostile, or offensive social, academic, or work environment

31.4%

Interfered with your academic or professional performance

7.6%

Limited your ability to participate in an academic program

3.8%

None of the above 65.0% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who replied to this item (n = 568); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Nearly two-thirds (65%) of participants reported their experiences of sexual harassment did not impact them in any of the ways presented on the survey. Nearly a third (31%) of participants reported their experience(s) created an intimidating, hostile, or offensive social, academic, or work environment. Relatively fewer participants reported their experiences interfered with their academic or professional performance (8%) or limited their ability to participate in an academic program (4%).

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Key Findings About Sexual Harassment: In 2026, about a quarter (26%) of overall WFU participants reported experiencing sexual harassment at least once since enrolling from a student or someone employed by or otherwise associated with WFU. This rate among overall WFU participants was nearly cut in half from the prevalence reported in 2022 (49%). • The two most common types of sexual harassment experienced by WFU students in both 2022 and 2026 were inappropriate comments made about their or someone else’s body, appearance, or sexual activities (83% of those who experienced sexual harassment in 2026) and insulting or offensive sexual remarks, sexual jokes, or stories (48% in 2026). • TGQN participants and women (particularly undergraduates) report higher prevalence of sexual harassment compared to men, with the largest disparities observed for more common behaviors such as inappropriate comments and insulting remarks. • Multiracial participants report the highest prevalence across sexual harassment behaviors. • A majority (79%) of participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm from the sexual harassment behavior they experienced were WFU undergraduate peers. • About a third (31%) of participants reported their sexual harassment experience(s) created an intimidating, hostile, or offensive social, academic, or work environment. Fewer participants reported that their experiences interfered with their academic or professional performance (8%) or limited their ability to participate in an academic program (4%).

Digital Sexual Misconduct at WFU Prevalence of digital sexual misconduct. In 2026, 15% of overall participants reported experiencing digital sexual misconduct at least once since beginning their studies from a student or someone employed by or otherwise associated with WFU (see Table 4). Table 12 provides information about the specific digital sexual misconduct behaviors experienced among these students.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 12. Reported Prevalence of Digital Sexual Misconduct Behaviors Among Participants Reporting Any Experiences with Digital Sexual Misconduct Proportion of All Participants Who Experienced Any Type of Digital Sexual Misconduct Digital Sexual Misconduct Behaviors Someone used digital or online technologies to send offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos to participant Someone made repeated sexual requests or advances to participant using digital or online technologies Someone used digital or online technologies to communicate offensive

2026 49.7% 42.2% 35.0%

sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos about participant Someone pressured participant to send sexual content or engage in sexual acts digitally or online Someone monitored, tracked, or made persistent contact with participant of a sexual nature using digital or online technologies Someone shared intimate messages, pictures, or videos of participant on social media or elsewhere online

24.7% 19.4% 11.3%

Someone requested revealing or nude photos of participant, and then attempted to use those photos to get something from participant (for

10.0%

example, sex, favors, or money) Someone recorded or distributed sexual content without participant’s permission (for example, using hidden cameras or screen recordings) Someone threatened to share intimate messages, pictures, or videos of participant on social media or elsewhere online Someone threatened to release revealing or nude photos of participant to ruin participant’s reputation or future plans

7.8% 6.3% 5.6%

Someone digitally altered images of participant to create sexual

4.4% content without participant’s permission Note. All digital sexual misconduct items were new for 2026 (so table does not include 2022 comparisons). Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages of all participants who experienced any type of digital sexual misconduct since beginning their studies at WFU (n = 320). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage exceeds 100%.

The most common digital sexual misconduct behavior experienced by students was someone using digital or online technologies to send offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos to the participant. Half (50%) of students who reported experiencing any type of digital sexual misconduct reported this. Many students who experienced digital sexual misconduct also reported behaviors such as someone making repeated sexual requests or advances to the participant using digital or online technologies (42%) and someone using digital or online │ 24

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

technologies to communicate offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos about the participant (35%). To provide more nuance related to how this type of sexual misconduct is experienced among different groups of WFU students, we report—by academic level, gender, undergraduate year, and race/ethnicity—the 2026 prevalence of these specific behaviors among participants who experienced any type of digital sexual misconduct since beginning their studies at WFU. Table 13. 2026 Prevalence of Digital Sexual Misconduct, by Academic Level and Gender Graduate/ Undergraduate a Digital Sexual Misconduct Behaviors

Professional a

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

8.8%

7.7%

4.1%

5.6%

18.4%

8.4%

5.4%

2.9%

2.4%

7.9%

5.8%

6.1%

2.7%

3.2%

10.5%

4.9%

3.5%

1.1%

0.6%

10.5%

3.8%

2.6%

0.8%

1.7%

2.1%

0.9%

0.3%

5.3%

1.9%

1.4%

1.7%

0.9%

0.8%

1.4%

0.2%

1.4%

2.6%

Someone used digital or online technologies to send offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos to participant Someone made repeated sexual requests or advances to participant using digital or online technologies Someone used digital or online technologies to communicate offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos about

participant Someone pressured participant to send sexual content or engage in sexual acts digitally or online Someone monitored, tracked, or made persistent contact with participant of a sexual nature using digital or online technologies Someone shared intimate messages, pictures, or videos of participant on social media or elsewhere online Someone requested revealing or nude photos of participant, and then attempted to use those photos to get something from participant (for example, sex, favors, or money) Someone recorded or distributed sexual content without participant’s permission (for example, using hidden cameras or screen recordings) Someone threatened to share intimate messages, pictures, or videos of participant on social media or elsewhere online │ 25

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Graduate/ Undergraduate Digital Sexual Misconduct Behaviors

Professional a

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

0.7%

1.1%

0.2%

1.4%

2.6%

0.4%

0.5%

0.7%

Someone threatened to release revealing or nude photos of participant to ruin participant’s reputation or future plans Someone digitally altered images of participant to create sexual content without participant’s permission Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. a Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages

In 2026, while no statistically significant differences across binary gender were observed within academic levels, undergraduate participants generally reported higher prevalence than graduate/professional participants for most forms of digital sexual misconduct. TGQN participants consistently reported higher prevalence across behaviors. Given the higher reported prevalence of digital sexual misconduct among undergraduate participants, Table 14 summarizes the reported prevalence by undergraduate academic year. For nearly all digital sexual misconduct behaviors, participants who were fourth-year or higher reported higher prevalence. Table 14. 2026 Prevalence of Digital Sexual Misconduct, by Undergraduate Academic Level

Digital Sexual Misconduct Behaviors

First Year

Second Year

Third Year

Fourth Year or Higher

Any incident of digital sexual misconduct

12.7%

18.2%

15.2%

22.0%

Someone used digital or online technologies to send offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos to participant

5.9%

10.0%

6.9%

12.7%

Someone made repeated sexual requests or advances to participant using digital or online technologies

4.3%

6.2%

6.4%

11.6%

Someone used digital or online technologies to communicate offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos about participant

4.4%

8.1%

5.2%

7.3%

Someone pressured participant to send sexual content or engage in sexual acts digitally or online

2.5%

4.0%

7.0%

Someone monitored, tracked, or made persistent contact with participant of a sexual nature using digital or online technologies

1.6%

2.2%

2.5%

7.1%

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

First Year

Second Year

Third Year

Fourth Year or Higher

0.9%

1.7%

2.1%

3.5%

1.0%

1.3%

1.9%

3.4%

Someone recorded or distributed sexual content without participant's permission (for example, using hidden cameras or screen recordings)

1.0%

0.5%

1.9%

2.8%

Someone threatened to share intimate messages, pictures, or videos of participant on social media or elsewhere online

0.5%

0.8%

1.6%

1.7%

Digital Sexual Misconduct Behaviors Someone shared intimate messages, pictures, or videos of participant on social media or elsewhere online Someone requested revealing or nude photos of participant, and then attempted to use those photos to get something from participant (for example, sex, favors, or money)

Someone threatened to release revealing or nude photos of participant to ruin participant’s reputation 0.6% 0.4% 1.1% or future plans Someone digitally altered images of participant to create sexual content without participant’s 0.7% 0.7% 1.5% permission Note. Reflects weighted percentages. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

1.4%

Table 15. 2026 Prevalence of Digital Sexual Misconduct, by Race/Ethnicity Hispanic Digital Sexual Misconduct Behaviors

Asian

Black

White

/Latino

Multi-

Only

racial

8.7%b

2.1%c

7.9%b

8.7%b

13.4%a

5.1%a,b

4.7%a,b

6.5%b

4.2%a

6.4%b

4.3%a

3.6%a

5.6%a

4.5%a

11.9%b

4.4%b

2.0%c

3.3%b

3.8%b

6.3%a

participant Someone pressured participant to send sexual content or engage in sexual acts digitally or online

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Hispanic Digital Sexual Misconduct Behaviors

Asian

Black

White

/Latino

Multi-

Only

racial

2.7%b

1.7%b

2.7%b

0.9%c

4.9%a

2.7%a

0.5%c

1.8%b

0.4%c

1.4%b

3.8%a

1.4%c

1.2%c

2.0%b

2.7%a

1.8%b

1.2%b,c

-c

1.1%b,c

3.5%a

0.5%c

0.9%b,c

-c

1.7%b

2.7%a

0.5%c

0.8%b,c

-c

0.7%b,c

0.2%b

-c

0.4%b

-c

1.2%a

Someone monitored, tracked, or made persistent contact with participant of a sexual nature using digital or online technologies Someone shared intimate messages, pictures, or videos of participant on social media or elsewhere online Someone requested revealing or nude photos of participant, and then attempted to use those photos to get something from participant (for example, sex, favors, or money) Someone recorded or distributed sexual content without participant's permission (for example, using hidden cameras or screen recordings) Someone threatened to share intimate messages, pictures, or videos of participant on social media or elsewhere online Someone threatened to release revealing or nude photos of participant to ruin participant’s reputation or future plans Someone digitally altered images of participant to create sexual content without

participant’s permission Note. Reflects weighted percentages. For statistical comparisons between three or more groups, within each row, values that don’t share a subscript indicate statistically significant (p < .05) cross-group differences between the reported proportions (or values that do share a subscript indicate no statistically significant cross-group differences between the reported proportions). When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

In 2026, multiracial participants consistently reported the highest prevalence across most forms of digital sexual misconduct, particularly for offensive sexual content (13%), offensive communication (12%), pressure to send or engage in sexual content (6%), and someone monitoring, tracking, or contacting (5%), where prevalence rates were significantly higher than all other racial/ethnic groups. Asian and Hispanic/Latino participants generally show moderate-to-higher prevalence, especially for common behaviors such as receiving offensive content (both 9%) and unwanted advances, while Black participants tended to report significantly lower prevalence across some categories. More frequent behaviors (e.g., offensive remarks, repeated advances) show clearer variation across racial/ethnic groups, whereas more │ 28

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

severe or less common behaviors (e.g., threats, nonconsensual image sharing, altered images) remain relatively low across all groups, typically under 4%. Person(s) who caused harm. To understand various characteristics about the person(s) who caused harm from these digital sexual misconduct behaviors, the 2026 survey asked a number of detailed questions. Participants were asked to indicate the relationship of the person(s) to both WFU (Table 16) and themselves (Table 17). Table 16. 2026 Reported WFU Affiliation of Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Digital Sexual Misconduct How was the person/persons who did these things to you associated with WFU? WFU Role

Undergraduate student

60.9%

Person not associated with WFU

25.3%

Unsure about association with WFU

2.4%

Graduate student

2.0%

1.4% Alum Note. Only the top response options are included here; reflects weighted percentages of all participants who replied to this item (n = 305); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage may exceed 100%.

A majority of participants reported the person(s) who caused harm from the digital sexual misconduct behavior they experienced was a WFU undergraduate student (61%). A quarter (25%) of participants also reported that person(s) not associated with WFU were those who caused harm from the digital sexual misconduct they experienced. The relationship between participants and the person(s) who caused harm was most commonly someone the participant was involved or intimate with at the time (23%), someone the participant previously had been involved or intimate with (22%), or a friend (18%). Table 17. 2026 Reported Relationship Between Participant and Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Digital

Sexual Misconduct At the time of these events, what was the person’s/persons’ relationship to you? Relationship to Participant

Someone I was involved or intimate with at the time

23.3%

Someone I previously had been involved or intimate with

22.2%

Friend

17.9%

Someone I know or recognize, but was not a friend

16.9%

Online/social media (for example, Instagram, X, WhatsApp, Discord,

15.2% Telegram, group messaging applications) Note. Only the top response options are included here; reflects weighted percentages of all participants who replied to this item (n = 304); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage may exceed 100%. │ 29

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Participants were asked to report the gender of the person(s) who caused harm. Nearly twothirds (64%) of participants reported the person(s) were men, while 18% reported women behaving this way toward them; 10% of participants did not know the gender of the person(s). Impact of digital sexual misconduct. The survey also asked participants who reported experiencing digital sexual misconduct about how they were affected as a result of their experience(s) (Table 18). Table 18. 2026 Reported Digital Sexual Misconduct Impact Did this/any of these experiences affect you in any of the following ways? Way it Affected You Caused participant substantial emotional distress

% 29.3%

Made participant fear for their safety or the safety of

20.4% someone close to them Note. Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who replied to this item (n = 313); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage may exceed 100%.

Nearly a third (29%) of participants reported their experience(s) of digital sexual misconduct caused them substantial emotional distress, while 20% reported these experiences made them fear for their safety or the safety of someone close to them.

Key Findings About Digital Sexual Misconduct: In 2026, 15% of overall WFU participants reported experiencing digital sexual misconduct at least once from a student or someone employed by or otherwise associated with WFU. • The two most common types of digital sexual misconduct experienced by WFU students were someone using digital or online technologies to send offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos to the participant (50%) and someone making

• •

repeated sexual requests or advances to the participant using digital or online technologies (42%). TGQN participants consistently reported higher prevalence across behaviors they report experiencing. Multiracial participants consistently report the highest prevalence across most forms of digital sexual misconduct, particularly for offensive sexual content (13%) and offensive communication (12%), where reported rates were significantly higher than all other racial/ethnic groups. A majority (61%) of participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm from the digital sexual misconduct behavior they experienced was a WFU student. Nearly one-third (29%) of participants reported that their experiences of digital sexual misconduct caused them substantial emotional distress, while 20% reported that these experiences made them fear for their safety or the safety of someone close to them.

Stalking at WFU │ 30

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Prevalence of stalking behaviors. In 2026, 8% of overall WFU participants reported on the survey experiencing stalking at least once since beginning their studies at WFU (see Table 4). Table 19 compares for both 2022 and 2026 participants: 1) the prevalence of specific behaviors encountered among participants who experienced any type of stalking since beginning their studies at WFU, and 2) the proportion of participants who reported the same person who caused harm engaged in each specific stalking behavior more than once. Table 19. Reported Prevalence of Stalking-related Behaviors Among Participants Reporting Any

Experiences with Stalking

Proportion of Participants

Stalking-related Behaviors

Proportion of All Participants

Who Reported the Same

Who Reported Experiencing

Person Who Caused Harm

Any Type of Stalking

Did This More Than Once

2026

2022

2026

2022

87.9%

52.5%

58.5%

47.8%

34.5%

18.5%

56.3%

57.2%

Someone showed up somewhere uninvited or waited when participant did not want that person to be there Someone spied on, watched, or followed participant in person

Note. The 2022 survey included a total of four survey items related to stalking-related behaviors, while the 2026 survey included two, which may influence reported prevalence rate comparisons. Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages of all participants who experienced any type of stalking-related behaviors since beginning their studies at WFU in 2026 (n = 165) and in 2022 (n = 533); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentages can exceed 100%.

In 2026, nearly all (88%) of participants who reported on the survey experiencing any type of stalking since beginning their studies at WFU reported experiencing this as someone showing up uninvited or waiting when the participant did not want them there. Fewer participants reported experiencing someone spying on, watching, or following them in person (35%). Around half of participants in 2026 reported that for both types of stalking behavior they experienced, the same person who caused harm did this more than once.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 20. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Stalking-related Behaviors, by Academic Level and Gender Graduate/ Undergraduate Stalking-related Behaviors

Professional a

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

9.0%

7.5%

2.7%

3.4%

10.5%

4.3%*

2.3%

2.2%†

5.3%

Someone showed up somewhere uninvited or waited when participant did not want that person to be there Someone spied on, watched, or followed participant in person

Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages * For statistical comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across a

gender among undergraduates); † For statistical comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across gender among graduate/professional students)

Undergraduate participants reported higher prevalence than graduate/professional participants across gender (Table 20). Additionally, statistically significant differences were observed among undergraduate women (compared to undergraduate men) and graduate/professional women (compared to graduate/professional men) reporting someone spying on, watching, or following them at a significantly higher rate than men. Table 21. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Stalking-related Behaviors, by Race/Ethnicity Hispanic/ Stalking-related Behaviors

Asian

Black

White

Latino

Multi-

Only

racial

8.8%

6.5%

7.1%

6.2%

10.2%

4.5%

0.9%

2.9%

1.6%

5.0%

Someone showed up somewhere uninvited or waited when participant did not want that person to be there Someone spied on, watched, or followed participant in person Note. Reflects weighted percentages.

Multiracial and Asian participants tended to report somewhat higher prevalence across both stalking-related behaviors, while Black and Hispanic/Latino participants generally reported lower rates, though none of these cross-group differences were statistically significant (Table 21). Participants were asked where they experienced stalking. More than three-fourths (81%) of participants reported this happened on a WFU campus location, while 16% indicated it happened in some other place.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Person(s) who caused harm. To understand various characteristics about the person(s) who caused harm from stalking behaviors, the survey asked a number of detailed questions. Participants were asked to indicate the relationship of the person(s) to both WFU (Table 22) and themselves (Table 23). Table 22. 2026 Reported WFU Affiliation of Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Stalking How was the person (were the persons) who behaved this way (these ways) associated with WFU? WFU Role

Undergraduate student

72.8%

Graduate student

6.9%

Unsure about association with WFU

5.6%

Person not associated with WFU

5.1%

Other staff or administrator

2.7%

Note. Only the top response options are included here; reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item (n = 162); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Table 23. 2026 Reported Relationship Between Participant and Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Stalking At the time of this event (these events), what was the person’s (were these persons’) relationship to you? Relationship to Participant

Friend

23.6%

Someone I know or recognize, but was not a friend

22.2%

Someone I previously had been involved or intimate with

20.2%

Classmate

10.8%

Someone I was involved or intimate with at the time 9.0% Note. Only the top response options are included here; reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item (n = 161); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Most participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm from stalking behavior was a WFU undergraduate student (73%). The relationship between the participants and person(s) who caused harm was most commonly a friend (24%); a known or recognized person, but not a friend (22%); someone they previously had been involved or intimate with (20%); or a classmate (11%). Most participants (74%) reported that the person(s) who caused harm was a man, while nearly a third (30%) of participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm was a woman; 4% of participants did not know the gender of the person(s).

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Impact of stalking. The survey asked participants who reported experiencing stalking about how they were affected as a result (Table 24). Over a third of participants reported experiencing stalking caused them substantial emotional distress (39%) and made them fear for their own safety or the safety of others (35%). Table 24. 2026 Reported Stalking Impact Did any of these unwanted contacts or behaviors…

Cause participant substantial emotional distress

39.1%

Make participant fear for safety or the safety of someone else close to them Note. Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item (n = 165).

35.0%

Key Findings About Stalking: In 2026, 8% of overall participants reported experiencing stalking at least once since beginning their studies at WFU. • The majority of participants in 2026 who experienced any type of stalking since beginning their studies at WFU reported experiencing someone showing up somewhere uninvited or waiting when the participant did not want that person to be there (88%), while approximately one-third (35%) reported experiencing someone spying on, watching, or following the participant in person. • Undergraduate women and graduate women reporting someone spying on, watching or following them at a significantly higher rate than their male peers. •

Multiracial and Asian participants generally reported somewhat higher prevalence across both stalking-related behaviors.

•

More than three-fourths (81%) of participants who experienced stalking indicated that this occurred on a WFU campus location.

•

Most participants (73%) reported that the person(s) who caused harm from stalking behavior was a WFU student. The relationship between the participant and the person(s) who caused harm was most commonly a friend (24%), a known or recognized person, but not a friend (2%); or someone they previously had been involved or intimate with (20%). Nearly a third (30%) of participants reported that the person(s) who caused

•

harm was a woman. Over a third of participants reported that experiencing stalking caused them substantial emotional distress (39%) and made them fear for their own safety or the safety of others (35%).

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Intimate Partner and/or Dating Violence at WFU Prevalence of intimate partner and/or dating violence behaviors. 2026 participants who indicated on the survey that they had been in a partnered relationship at least part of the time since beginning their studies at WFU (n = 1,176, or 59% of overall participants) were asked about any experiences with intimate partner and/or dating violence. Of these participants who reported being in a partnered relationship, 4% reported experiencing this type of misconduct at least once since beginning their studies at WFU, which was a decrease from 10% in 2022 (see Table 4). Table 25 provides information about specific tactics used by the person(s) who caused harm to enact the intimate partner and/or dating violence experienced among these participants. We report both the 2022 and 2026 prevalence rates of these specific tactics among participants who experienced any type of intimate partner and/or dating violence since beginning their studies at WFU to more clearly illuminate how this type of sexual misconduct manifests. Table 25. Reported Prevalence of Intimate Partner and/or Dating Violence Among Participants

Reporting Any Experiences with Intimate Partner and/or Dating Violence

Proportion of All Participants Who Reported Experiencing Any Type of Intimate Partner Tactics Related to Intimate Partner and/or

and/or Dating Violence

Dating Violence

2026

2022

A partner controlled or tried to control participant

70.6%

59.0%

42.4%

52.7%

23.5%

31.2%

A partner threatened to physically harm participant, someone they love, or himself/herself/themselves A partner used physical force against participant

Note. Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages of all participants who experienced any type of intimate partner and/or dating violence since beginning their studies at WFU in 2026 (n = 85) and in 2022 (n = 178); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentages exceed 100%.

The most common intimate partner and/or dating violence behavior reported by participants in both 2022 and 2026 was a partner controlling or trying to control them. In 2026, nearly threefourths (71%) of participants who reported experiencing any intimate partner and/or dating violence reported this, which was an increase from 59% in 2022. The second-most-common intimate partner and/or dating violence behavior experienced by students in 2022 and 2026 was a partner threatening to physically harm the participant, someone they love, or himself/herself/themselves. In 2026, 42% of participants who reported experiencing any type of intimate partner and/or dating violence reported this, down from 53% in 2022. In 2026, about a quarter (24%) of participants who reported experiencing intimate partner and/or dating violence reported a partner using physical force against the participant, down from 31% in 2022. │ 35

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 26. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Related to Intimate Partner and/or Dating Violence,

by Academic Level and Gender Graduate/ Tactics Related to Intimate Partner and/or

Undergraduate

Dating Violence

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

7.7%*

2.1%

4.5%

1.9%

7.7%

5.5%

2.3%

1.7%

1.0%

3.9%

2.6% participant Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

1.4%

2.3%

2.6%

A partner controlled or tried to control participant

Professional a

A partner threatened to physically harm participant, someone they love, or himself/herself/ themselves A partner used physical force against

Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages * For statistical comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across a

gender among undergraduates); † For statistical comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across gender among graduate/professional students)

In 2026, undergraduate women reported a significantly higher rate of experiencing controlling behaviors compared to undergraduate men, while differences by gender were smaller and less pronounced among graduate/professional students and among other types of tactics employed Table 26). Table 27. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Related to Intimate Partner and/or Dating Violence, by

Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic/ Tactics Related to Intimate Partner

Asian

Black

White

Latino

Multi-

Violence

Only

racial

A partner controlled or tried to control

4.3%

3.4%

4.7%

5.5%

4.9%

4.1%

6.7%

1.8%

0.8% 2.3% participant Note. Reflects weighted percentages. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

0.6%

participant A partner threatened to physically harm participant, someone they love, or himself/herself/ themselves A partner used physical force against

Some modest variation can be seen across racial and ethnic groups, with white and Hispanic/Latino participants reporting slightly higher rates of controlling behaviors and white participants reporting somewhat higher rates of threats and physical force (Table 27). However, these differences are not statistically significant. Participants who reported experiencing any intimate partner and/or dating violence were asked where the incident occurred. Over half (59%) of participants reported this happening on a │ 36

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

WFU campus location, while 35% of participants indicated that it happened in some other place. Person(s) who caused harm. Participants reported that one partner (87%), two partners (12%), or three or more partners (1%) behaved this way toward them. The majority of participants (between 70–100%) reported that the person(s) who caused harm was a man. About a quarter of participants (between 24–27%) reported that the person(s) who caused harm was a woman. All participants who reported experiencing any intimate partner violence with three or more partners were men. Impact of intimate partner and/or dating violence. The survey asked participants who reported experiencing intimate partner and/or dating violence whether they were physically injured as a result; 5% of 2026 participants reported that they sustained physical injuries from their experiences.

Key Findings About Intimate Partner and/or Dating Violence: If participants indicated on the survey that they had been in a partnered relationship at least part of the time since beginning their studies at WFU (59% of overall WFU participants), they were asked about any experiences with intimate partner and/or dating violence. Of these participants, 4% reported experiencing intimate partner and/or dating violence at least once since beginning their studies at WFU. •

• •

In 2026, the majority of participants who experienced any type of intimate partner and/or dating violence reported that a partner controlled or tried to control them (71%), and many had a partner threaten to physically harm them or a loved one (42%). Nearly a quarter (24%) of these participants reported that a partner used physical force against them. Undergraduate women reported a significantly higher prevalence of controlling behaviors compared to undergraduate men. Five percent of these participants reported that they sustained physical injuries as a result of their experience(s).

Resource Seeking at WFU After Experiencing Sexual Misconduct So WFU administrators can understand the extent students who experience sexual misconduct contact particular WFU resources and their experiences using these resources, findings related to participants’ resource-seeking after experiencing sexual harassment, digital sexual misconduct, stalking, and intimate partner and/or dating violence are included. Findings related to any WFU offices contacted, the perceived usefulness of resources contacted, reasons for not seeking resources, and disclosure to formal and informal reporting sources are reported.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

WFU resources contacted and perceived usefulness. Table 28 summarizes the rate at which 2026 participants who reported experiencing digital sexual misconduct, sexual harassment, stalking, and intimate partner and/or dating violence contacted WFU resources and the perceived usefulness for each resource. Table 28. 2026 WFU Institutional Resources Contacted After Sexual Misconduct Experiences Since you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you contacted any of the following about this experience? Participants Who Reported

Participants Who Reported

Experiencing Digital Sexual

Experiencing Sexual

Misconduct

Harassment

% Who Contacted Resource

% of Those Who Contacted and Found Resource Useful

% Who Contacted Resource

% of Those Who Contacted and Found Resource Useful

University Counseling Center

8.6%

88.1%

3.9%

94.1%

Deacon Health

7.4%

74.8%

2.9%

100.0%

Safe Office

4.3%

76.3%

2.5%

86.0%

University Police

3.7%

67.1%

0.9%

100.0%

Title IX Coordinator

3.6%

66.6%

1.9%

73.0%

CARE Case Managers

3.3%

82.1%

1.2%

69.7%

Office of Wellbeing

2.6%

86.2%

1.2%

100.0%

LGBTQ+ Center

2.2%

83.7%

1.1%

100.0%

Women’s Center

1.7%

85.4%

0.2%

100.0%

Off-campus resource

1.4%

68.0%

2.1%

93.6%

Intercultural Center

1.3%

77.5%

N/A

Office of the Chaplain

0.6%

100.0%

0.5%

26.8%

Compliance Hotline

N/A

Respondent Support

N/A

None of the Above

70.2%

N/A

80.4%

N/A

Institutional Resource

Note. Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item. Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentages exceed 100%. For each WFU resource that was contacted by a participant, they were asked to indicate its usefulness in helping them, using a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all useful, 2 = A little useful, 3 = Somewhat useful, 4 = Very useful, and 5 = Extremely useful. Percentages reflect those who selected Extremely useful, Very useful, and Somewhat useful. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 28. (continued) Since you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you contacted any of the following about this experience? Participants Who Reported Participants Who Reported

Experiening Intimate Partner

Experiencing Stalking

and/or Dating Violence

Institutional Resource

% Who Contacted Resource

% of Those Who Contacted and Found Resource Useful

% Who Contacted Resource

% of Those Who Contacted and Found Resource Useful

University Counseling Center

11.0%

87.7%

18.6%

85.3%

Deacon Health

3.2%

100.0%

1.2%

100.0%

Safe Office

6.2%

97.0%

17.2%

100.0%

University Police

7.0%

60.3%

1.8%

100.0%

Title IX Coordinator

4.0%

58.7%

1.1%

100.0%

CARE Case Managers

4.4%

70.7%

2.3%

100.0%

Office of Wellbeing

1.8%

78.6%

3.2%

100.0%

LGBTQ+ Center

1.4%

100.0%

N/A

Women’s Center

0.7%

100.0%

0.6%

100.0%

Off-campus resource

4.4%

100.0%

3.8%

100.0%

Intercultural Center

0.3%

100.0%

N/A

Office of the Chaplain

0.6%

100.0%

N/A

Compliance Hotline

N/A

Respondent Support

N/A

None of the Above 69.5% N/A 65.1% N/A Note. Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item; Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentages exceed 100%; For each WFU resource that was contacted by a participant, they were asked to indicate its usefulness in helping them, using a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all useful, 2 = A little useful, 3 = Somewhat useful, 4 = Very useful, and 5 = Extremely useful. Percentages reflect those who selected Extremely useful, Very useful, and Somewhat useful. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

A majority of participants in 2026 (between 65–80%) did not contact any of the WFU resources listed on the survey after these four types of sexual misconduct experiences. The percentage of students who did not contact any services decreased from 2022, when between 82–89% reported not contacting any resources. Of the WFU resources contacted in 2026, University Counseling Services, Deacon Health, Safe Office, University Police, and an offcampus resource were the most contacted by these participants in 2026. Reasons for not seeking WFU resources. Participants who indicated that they did not contact any of the WFU resources listed in Table 28—most participants who reported experiencing these types of sexual misconduct—were asked about any reasons why they did not do so. We present below the top reasons why these students did not seek resources. │ 39

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Sexual harassment. The top five most common reasons why those who experienced any type of sexual harassment did not seek WFU resources included: “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” (51%), “I could handle it myself” (40%), “I did not want any action taken” (32%), “I was too busy” (8%), and “I did not want the person to get into trouble” (7%). Digital sexual misconduct. The top six most common reasons why those who experienced any type of digital sexual misconduct included: “I could handle it myself” (51%), “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” (41%), “I did not want any action taken” (35%), “I was too busy” (14%), “I felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult” (11%), and “I feared it would not be kept confidential” (11%). Stalking. The top five most common reasons why those who experienced any type of stalking did not seek WFU resources included: “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” (36%), “I could handle it myself” (36%), “I did not want any action taken” (33%), “I was too busy” (19%), and “I did not want the person to get into trouble” (11%). Intimate partner and/or dating violence. The top five most common reasons why those who experienced intimate partner violence did not seek WFU resources included: “I could handle it myself” (55%), “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” (33%), “I did not want any action taken” (32%), “The event happened in a context that began consensually” (16%), and “I didn’t think these resources would give me the help I needed” (13%). For participants who selected “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” and/or “Other” responses as reasons why they did not contact any WFU resources after their sexual misconduct experiences, the survey asked them to indicate any reasons that may better describe why they did not contact any of these resources (Table 29).

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 29. 2026 Reported Other Reasons for Not Contacting WFU Institutional Resources After Sexual

Misconduct Experiences Indicate any reasons that may better describe why you didn’t contact any of these programs or resources. Participants Who Reported Experiencing Digital Sexual

Participants Who Reported

Misconduct

Experiencing Sexual Harassment

% Selecting Reason for Not Contacting

Reason

% Selecting Reason

Programs/Resources

2026

I was not physically injured or hurt a

44.6%

43.0%

I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt a

38.9%

46.5%

I did not fight back

42.0%

46.2%

4.7%

27.9%

11.6%

9.0%

13.9%

8.5%

54.0%

12.3%

29.1%

3.2%

8.7%

15.9%

26.5%

7.4%

17.4%

My body showed involuntary arousal

7.1%

2.3%

1.4%

I was too busy

4.0%

2.0%

13.8%

Other

2.3%

5.7%

16.3%

Alcohol and/or other drugs were present

0.3%

1.6%

19.1%

2022 66.5%

Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood b Events like this seem common I was concerned I might be counteraccused The reaction by others suggested that it wasn’t serious enough to contact any of these programs or services The event happened in a context that began consensually

Note. Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item; Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentages exceed 100%. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. While the 2022 survey instrument included a single item, “I did not feel hurt,” the 2026 instrument separated this into two items, “I was not physically injured or hurt” and “I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt.” b The a

2022 survey instrument included “gender” instead of “identity,” which was used in the 2026 instrument.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 29. (continued) Indicate any reasons that may better describe why you didn’t contact any of these programs or resources. Participants Who

Reason for Not Contacting

Participants Who

Reported Experiencing

Stalking

Intimate Partner Violence

% Selecting Reason

Programs/Resources

2026

I was not physically injured or hurt a

54.3%

2022

I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt a

42.1%

I did not fight back

4.9%

3.4%

17.0%

9.7%

1.4%

11.2%

13.6%

33.3%

36.8%

33.5%

28.1%

5.0%

5.7%

4.3%

15.2%

17.9%

16.0%

4.9%

5.2%

16.5%

29.4%

27.0%

0.3%

4.4%

I was too busy

14.8%

21.2%

14.8%

16.4%

Other

7.7%

19.0%

26.4%

29.1%

Alcohol and/or other drugs were present

9.8%

8.0%

19.5%

8.9%

68.7%

2026 68.6% 34.0%

2022 71.3%

Note. Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item; Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentages exceed 100%. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. a While the 2022 survey instrument included a single item, “I did not feel hurt,” the 2026 instrument separated this into two items, “I was not physically injured or hurt” and “I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt.” b The 2022 survey instrument included “gender” instead of “identity,” which was used in the 2026 instrument.

Overall, the top reasons participants reported that they chose not to contact any WFU resource included: 1) they were not physically injured or hurt, 2) they could handle it themselves, 3) they did not feel emotionally injured or hurt, 4) they did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources, and 5) they did not want any action taken. Disclosure to formal and informal reporting resources. Finally, participants were asked whether they told any individuals about their sexual misconduct experiences. Digital sexual misconduct. For participants reporting any experiences of digital sexual misconduct, the most common types of individuals they told included: friends (57%), │ 42

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

family (19%), a therapist/counselor (10%), and sexual or romantic partners (9%). Nearly a quarter (21%) of participants who reported experiencing digital sexual misconduct indicated they did not tell anyone. Sexual harassment. For participants reporting any experiences of sexual harassment, the most common types of individuals they told included: friends (61%), family (19%), sexual or romantic partners (10%), and a therapist/counselor (7%). A quarter (25%) of participants who reported experiencing sexual harassment indicated they did not tell anyone. Stalking. For participants reporting any experiences of stalking, the most common types of individuals they told included: friends (79%), family (30%), sexual or romantic partners (11%), and a therapist/counselor (8%). Approximately 12% of participants who reported experiencing stalking indicated they did not tell anyone. Intimate partner violence. For participants reporting any experiences of intimate partner violence, the most common types of individuals they told included: friends (64%), family (38%), a therapist/counselor (25%), and sexual or romantic partners (12%). Nearly a quarter (24%) of participants who reported experiencing intimate partner violence indicated they did not tell anyone.

Key Findings About Resource-seeking: In 2026, in terms of resource-seeking after experiences of sexual misconduct, participants who reported on the survey experiencing intimate partner violence (35%), digital sexual misconduct (30%), stalking (30%), and sexual harassment (20%) contacted a campus resource after the incident. Participants were most likely to report having contacted WFU’s University Counseling Services, Deacon Health, Safe Office, and University Police. The majority of participants who utilized these resources found them to be at least somewhat useful. Top reasons WFU participants provided for not contacting a campus program or resource were: 1) they were not physically injured or hurt, and 2) they could handle it themselves.

Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact at WFU In 2026, 9% of overall participants reported experiencing nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact at least once since beginning their studies at WFU (see Table 4). The survey asked participants about any experiences of nonconsensual or unwanted contact that occurred because of the following tactics: 1) lack of active, ongoing voluntary agreement, 2) incapacitation due to alcohol and/or drugs, 3) force or threat of physical force, and 4) verbal coercion. Participants who reported on the survey experiencing any types of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact were presented more detailed items that asked them a series of │ 43

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

questions about the single experience they reported (for participants who reported one experience) or about the single experience that impacted or affected them the most (for participants who reported two or more experiences). The findings that follow related to students’ experiences with nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact include: 1) 2022 and 2026 prevalence rates for each type of tactic used by person(s) who caused harm from enacting nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact, and 2) the number of times each type of tactic was reported among 2022 and 2026 participants since beginning their studies at WFU. For students who reported experiencing two or more different types of tactics, each experience reported is counted in the total percentages of each type of tactic used.7 This information describes the overall prevalence of various tactics used to enact nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact among 2022 and 2026 participants. Additionally, the detailed information provided by participants about their experiences relates to a single experience (i.e., either the only experience reported by a participant or the single experience a participant identified as the most personally impactful). This is a critical distinction in understanding these particular findings relative to the rest of the report’s findings. The in-depth characteristics reported here about the context and consequences of these participants’ experiences do not represent the totality of participants’ experiences related to nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact, namely, for participants who experienced nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact two or more times. The findings are organized below using the four types of tactics described above.

Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Without Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement Both 2022 and 2026 participants were asked about tactics employed during nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact that occurred since they have been a student at WFU without their active, ongoing voluntary consent (Table 30).8

The sexual assault measure used in this study is designed to capture behaviors (combination of tactics and levels

of unwanted sexual activity) that meet common definitions of sexual assault (AAU Climate Study, 2019). As such, behaviors can co-occur within a single incident or across multiple incidents. The survey included WFU’s definition of consent: permission for something to happen or agreement to do something. Consent is unambiguous, informed, active (not passive), voluntary (freely given), mutually 8

understandable words, and/or actions that indicate a willingness to participate in the sexual activity. │ 44

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 30. 2022 and 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual

Contact Without Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement Among Participants Reporting Any Experiences with Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Without Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement Proportion of All Tactic Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual

Participants Who Reported

How many times has this happened since attending WFU? b

Any Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact a

Four or

2026

2022

One

Two

Three

Time

Times

77.1%

70.6%

66.5%

15.8%

5.8%

11.9%

44.8%

51.9%

69.7%

16.3%

5.9%

8.1%

Contact Contact involving kissing or sexual touching without active, ongoing voluntary agreement Contact involving penetration or oral sex without active, ongoing voluntary agreement

Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who experienced any type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact since beginning their studies at WFU for 2026 participants (n = 210) and 2022 participants a

(n = 496); b Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who experienced this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact since beginning their studies at WFU for 2026 participants (n = 52).

In 2026, over three-fourths (77%) of all participants who reported any type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact reported it involving kissing, touching, grabbing, groping, or rubbing without active, ongoing voluntary agreement. These participants reported this happening to them once (67%), twice (16%), three times (6%), and four or more times (12%) since attending WFU. In 2026, nearly half (45%) of all participants who reported any type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact reported previous contact involving penetration or oral sex without active, ongoing voluntary agreement. Those participants reported this happening to them once (70%), twice (16%), three times (6%), and four or more times (8%) since attending WFU. Table 31. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Without Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement, by Academic Level and Gender Graduate/ Tactic Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Without Active,

Undergraduate a

Ongoing Voluntary Agreement

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

12.4%*

3.7%

4.4%

1.3%

10.8%

7.1%*

1.0%

4.0%

1.3%

2.7%

Contact involving kissing or sexual touching without active, ongoing voluntary agreement Contact involving penetration or oral sex without active, ongoing voluntary agreement a

Professional a

Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages

* For statistical comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across gender among undergraduates) │ 45

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

In 2026, undergraduate women reported higher prevalence than undergraduate men across both forms of nonconsensual contact without active, ongoing voluntary agreement, with statistically significant differences for both non-penetrative (12% vs. 4%) and penetrative contact (7% vs. 1%) (Table 31). Across groups, prevalence was higher among undergraduates compared to graduate/professional participants, with non-penetrative contact more commonly reported than penetrative contact. TGQN participants report comparatively high levels, similar to undergraduate women for non-penetrative contact. Table 32. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Without Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement, by Race/Ethnicity Tactic Used for Nonconsensual or Hispanic/ Unwanted Sexual Contact Without Active,

Asian

Black

White

Latinx

Multi-

Ongoing Voluntary Agreement

Only

racial

5.8%c

5.0%c

7.6%b

8.2%b

10.0%a

2.5%c

2.6%c

4.3%b

3.1%b

6.0%a

Contact involving kissing or sexual touching without active, ongoing voluntary agreement Contact involving penetration or oral sex without active, ongoing voluntary agreement

Note. Reflects weighted percentages. For statistical comparisons between three or more groups, within each row, values that don’t share a subscript indicate statistically significant (p < .05) cross-group differences between the reported proportions (or values that do share a subscript indicate no statistically significant cross-group differences between the reported proportions).

In 2026, reported prevalence of nonconsensual contact without active, ongoing voluntary agreement varied significantly by race/ethnicity. Compared to all other racial/ethnic groups, multiracial participants reported significantly higher rates across both non-penetrative (10%) and penetrative contact (6%). Compared to all other racial/ethnic groups, Asian and Black participants reported significantly lower rates across both non-penetrative and penetrative contact. Timing and location of experiences. 2026 participants who only indicated experiencing these types of tactics or who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by their experience of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to a lack of ongoing, active voluntary agreement reported additional details about this experience. In terms of the timing and location of these incidents, 7% of these participants reported that this incident happened during an academic break or recess. In terms of the location of these incidents, 85% of these participants reported that this happened on a WFU campus location, while 13% reported some other place (Table 33).

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 33. 2026 Reported Location of Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Lack of

Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement Where did this incident occur? Location

University residence hall

74.0%

Some other place

14.0%

Restaurant, bar, or club

2.0%

Other space used by a single-sex student social organization

2.0%

Outdoor or recreational space 2.0% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 51).

Reported alcohol and drug use. Participants were asked about the use of alcohol and drugs by the person(s) who caused harm (Table 34). They were also asked about their own voluntary use of alcohol and drugs as well as alcohol or other drugs that were given to them without their knowledge or consent before the incident (Table 35). The survey informed participants that their use of alcohol and/or drugs in no way absolves a person who acted against their will. Table 34. 2026 Reported Alcohol and Drug Use by Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Lack of Active,

Ongoing Voluntary Agreement

Person(s) Who Caused Harm Person(s) Who Caused Harm Drinking Alcohol Before the Incident Using Drugs Before the Incident Yes No Don’t Know Yes No Don’t Know 41.9% 40.5% 17.6% 7.6% 60.2% 3.06% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw these items (n = 52).

Forty-two percent (42%) of these participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm drank alcohol before the incident, and 8% of participants reported the person used drugs. Nearly half (45%) of participants reported drinking alcohol before the incident, and <1% reported using drugs before the incident. The majority of participants were not given alcohol or another drug without knowledge or consent (94%). Participants were also asked whether they were passed out or asleep for all or parts of the incident they described. Ten percent (10%) of these participants reported they were passed out or asleep, 83% reported they were not, and 7% reported they were not sure.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 35. 2026 Reported Participant Alcohol and Drug Use: Lack of Active, Ongoing Voluntary

Agreement Participant Drinking Alcohol Before the Incident

Participant Using Drugs Before the Incident?

Participant Given Alcohol or Another Drug Without Knowledge or Consent Suspect, Yes, But Don’t Certain Uncertain No Know 0.9% 5.5% 93.6% -

Yes No Yes No 44.7% 55.3% 0.9% 99.1% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact who saw these items (n = 51). When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

Person(s) who caused harm. Participants who only indicated experiencing this type of nonconsensual or unwanted contact or who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by their experience of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to a lack of ongoing, active voluntary agreement reported that one person (96%) or two persons (4%) behaved this way toward them during the experience they described. The majority of participants (between 94–100%) reported that the gender of the person(s) who caused harm was a man. Some participants reported that the gender of the person(s) who caused harm was a woman: 6% of participants who experienced harm from one person and 50% of participants who experienced harm from two persons. These participants were also asked to indicate the person’s relationship to both WFU (Table 36) and themselves (Table 37). Most participants (85%) reported the person(s) who caused harm was an undergraduate student, and 14% of participants reported that the person was not associated with WFU. The five most common types of relationships between participants and the person(s) who caused harm was someone with whom they were involved or intimate with at the time (59%), a friend (21%), someone they knew or recognized, but not a friend (10%), someone with whom they previously had been involved or intimate (6%), and they did not know their relationship to the person(s) who caused harm (5%). Table 36. 2026 Reported WFU Affiliation of Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Lack of Active, Ongoing

Voluntary Agreement

How was the person (were the persons) who behaved this way (these ways) associated with WFU? WFU Role Undergraduate student

% 84.7%

The person was not associated with WFU 13.6% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact who saw this item (n = 52); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 37. 2026 Reported Relationship Between Participant and Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Lack of

Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement

At the time of this event (these events), what was the person’s (were these persons’) relationship to you? Relationship to Participant

Someone they were involved or intimate with at the time

58.5%

Friend

21.3%

Someone they knew or recognized, but was not a friend

9.9%

Did not know or recognize this person

8.5%

Someone they previously had been involved or intimate with

5.7%

Don’t know

4.5%

Roommate

2.8%

Classmate 1.6% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact who saw this item (n = 52); participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Impact on participants. Participants who only indicated experiencing this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact or who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by this type of experience were asked whether they experienced a variety of impacts after this experience. First, they were asked to indicate (from a list) whether they experienced any emotional and physical effects associated with experiencing a traumatic event (Table 38). Approximately 74% of participants experienced at least one emotional or physical effect as a result of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to lack of active, ongoing voluntary agreement. Just over half (53%) of participants reported that they avoided or tried to avoid the person(s). Forty percent (40%) of participants reported feeling numb or detached, and nearly a quarter (22%) of participants reported experiencing nightmares or trouble sleeping. About a quarter (26%) of participants reported not experiencing any emotional or physical effects listed on the survey. Table 38. 2026 Reported Emotional and Physical Effects Experienced by Participants: Lack of Active,

Ongoing Voluntary Agreement Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? Type of Emotional and Physical Effects

Avoided or tried to avoid the person(s)

52.6%

Feeling numb or detached

39.8%

Nightmares or trouble sleeping

21.9%

Fearfulness or being concerned about safety

20.5%

Feelings of helplessness or hopelessness

20.0%

Withdrawal from interactions with friends

14.2%

Loss of interest in daily activities

12.1%

Stopped participating in extracurricular activities

9.5% │ 49

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? Type of Emotional and Physical Effects

Headaches or stomachaches

9.4%

Eating problems or disorders

7.5%

Increased drug or alcohol use

7.1%

Increase in engaging in risky behaviors, or behaviors that might cause harm to self or others

2.6%

None of the above 25.7% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact who saw this item (n = 50). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

These participants were also asked to specify (from a list) whether they experienced any impacts on their academic or professional lives (Table 39). About a third (30%) of participants reported experiencing an impact on at least one aspect of their academic and professional lives. The most common effects were difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignments, or exams (24%) and decreased class attendance (10%). Table 39. 2026 Reported Impact on Participants’ Academic and Professional Lives: Lack of Active,

Ongoing Voluntary Agreement

Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? Academic and Professional Effects

Difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignments, or exams

23.7%

Decreased class attendance

10.2%

Difficulty going to work

8.6%

Withdrew from some or all classes

5.3%

Considered dropping out of school

3.8%

Changed my career plan

3.7%

Changed my major or college

3.6%

Difficulty concentrating on thesis/dissertation research or lab/clinical duties Changed my residence or housing situation

2.0% 1.2%

None of the above 70.1% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact who saw this item (n = 50). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage exceeds 100%.

Post-incident resource seeking. These participants were also asked about any institutional resources they contacted (Table 40) as well as any other individuals they told about their experiences.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 40. 2026 Reported Resources Contacted After Experiences of Nonconsensual or Unwanted

Sexual Contact Due to Lack of Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement

Have you ever contacted any of the following about this experience?

University Counseling Center

14.3%

% of Those Who Contacted and Found Resource Useful c 100.0%

Safe Office

10.2%

100.0%

Title IX Coordinator

7.0%

82.9%

Deacon Health

4.3%

100.0%

CARE Case Managers

3.6%

100.0%

Off-campus resource

3.3%

100.0%

Office of Wellbeing

2.4%

100.0%

Women’s Center

1.9%

100.0%

University Police

1.2%

Office of the Chaplain

0.8% 74.1%

100.0% -

WFU Resource

% Who Contacted Resource a, b

None of the above Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item (n = 50); b Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%; c For each WFU resource that was contacted by a participant, they were asked to indicate its usefulness in helping them, using a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all useful, 2 = A little useful, 3 = Somewhat useful, 4 = Very useful, and 5 = Extremely useful. The reported values include combined percentages of participants who selected Somewhat useful, Very useful, and Extremely useful. a

Most (74%) of these participants did not contact any of the WFU resources listed on the survey. Among those who did contact a resource, they most commonly contacted WFU’s University Counseling Center (14%), Safe Office (10%), and WFU’s Title IX Coordinator (7%). Among those who contacted a resource, most services were perceived as useful by a majority (83–100%) of participants. The survey asked participants about any reasons why they decided not to contact any of those WFU resources. The top five reasons why participants did not utilize institutional resources were: “The event happened in a context that began consensually” (57%), “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” (49%), “I could handle it myself” (35%), “I felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult” (31%), and “I did not want any action taken” (28%). For the participants who selected “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” (n = 15) and/or “Other” responses (n = 4) as reasons why they did not contact any WFU resources after their nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact experience, the survey asked them to indicate any reasons that may better describe why they did not contact any of these resources (Table 41).

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 41. 2026 Reported Additional Reasons for Not Reporting Incident (Nonconsensual or Unwanted

Sexual Contact Due to Lack of Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement) Mark any of the reasons that may better describe why you didn’t contact any of these programs or resources. Reasons

The event happened in a context that began consensually

63.2%

I was not physically injured or hurt

47.5%

Events like this seem common

37.4%

I was concerned I might be counter-accused

29.4%

I did not fight back

28.3%

Alcohol and/or other drugs were present

19.0%

I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt

18.2%

The reaction by others suggested that it wasn’t serious enough to contact any of these programs or services

18.0%

Other

17.6%

My body showed involuntary arousal

8.8%

Because of my identity and/or the person’s identity, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood

7.0%

I was too busy 5.5% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact who saw this item (n = 17). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Most of these participants indicated that they did not report their nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact because the event happened in a context that began consensually (63%) or they were not physically injured or hurt (48%). Fewer participants (37%) indicated that they did not report because events like this seem common. Finally, participants were asked whether they told any individuals about the nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact they experienced due to lack of ongoing, active voluntary agreement. For participants reporting any experiences of this type, they most commonly told friends (71%), family (14%), a sexual or romantic partner (12%), a therapist/counselor (8%), and a faculty member or instructor (3%). About 26% of participants who reported experiencing nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact indicated that they did not tell anyone.

Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Involving Incapacitation from Alcohol and/or Drugs Participants were also asked about nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact that occurred since they have been a student at WFU when they were unable to consent or stop what was happening because they were incapacitated due to alcohol and/or drugs, passed out, or asleep (e.g., times that they voluntarily consumed alcohol or drugs and times that they were given alcohol or drugs without knowledge or consent; Table 42). │ 52

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 42. 2022 and 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Incapacitation from Alcohol and/or Drugs Among Participants Reporting Any Experiences with Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Incapacitation from Alcohol and/or Drugs Proportion of All How many times has this happened Participants Who

since attending WFU? b

Reported Any Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to

Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact a

Incapacitation from Alcohol and/or Drugs Contact involving kissing; touching someone’s breast, chest, crotch, groin, or buttocks; or grabbing, groping or rubbing against the other in a sexual way, even if the touching is over the other’s clothes while unable to consent or stop what was happening because participant was incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep Contact involving penetration or oral

Four or One

Two

Three

2026

2022

Time

Times

46.2%

60.1%

72.6%

12.4%

4.5%

10.5%

24.3%

34.7%

85.3%

7.4%

2.7%

4.6%

sex while unable to consent or stop what was happening because participant was incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep a

Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who experienced any type of nonconsensual or unwanted

sexual contact since beginning their studies at WFU in 2026 (n = 210) and 2022 (n = 496); b Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who experienced this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact since beginning their studies at WFU in 2026 (n = 54).

In 2026, nearly half (46%) of all participants who reported nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact reported experiencing this as kissing, touching, grabbing, groping, or rubbing while unable to stop what was happening due to alcohol or drugs. These 2026 participants reported this happening to them once (73%), twice (12%), three times (5%), and four or more times (11%) since attending WFU. In 2026, about a quarter (24%) of these participants reported contact involving penetration or oral sex while unable to consent or stop what was happening due to alcohol or drugs. These 2026 participants reported this happening to them once (85%), twice (7%), three times (3%), and four or more times (5%) since attending WFU.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 43. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Incapacitation from Alcohol and/or Drugs, by Academic Level and Gender Graduate/ Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Incapacitation from

Undergraduate a

Professional a

Alcohol and/or Drugs

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

6.6%*

3.3%

3.1%

1.3%

5.4%

3.7%*

0.9%

2.6%

1.3%

Contact involving kissing; touching someone’s breast, chest, crotch, groin, or buttocks; or grabbing, groping or rubbing against the other in a sexual way, even if the touching is over the other’s clothes while unable to consent or stop what was happening because participant was incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep Contact involving penetration or oral sex while unable to consent or stop what was happening because participant was incapacitated due to

alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted percentages * For statistical comparisons between two groups, p < .05 (chi-square test for cross-group comparisons across a

gender among undergraduates)

In 2026, undergraduate women reported higher prevalence than undergraduate men across both forms of nonconsensual contact due to incapacitation, with statistically significant differences observed for both contact without penetration (7% vs. 3%) and contact involving penetration (4% vs. 1%) (Table 43). Gender differences were less pronounced among graduate/professional students.

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Table 44. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact

Due to Incapacitation from Alcohol and/or Drugs, by Race/Ethnicity Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted

Hispanic

Sexual Contact Due to Incapacitation from

Asian

Black

White

/Latinx

Multi-

Alcohol and/or Drugs

Only

racial

2.6%

2.3%

4.7%

5.0%

6.4%

0.9%

2.5%

3.2%

In 2026, multiracial and Hispanic/Latino participants reported somewhat higher rates across both behaviors, while Asian and Black participants report lower rates; however, these differences were not statistically significant (Table 44). Timing and location of experience. Participants who only indicated experiencing this type of tactic or who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by their experience of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to incapacitation from alcohol and/or drugs reported additional details about this experience. In terms of the timing and location, 8% of these participants reported the incident happened during an academic break or recess. In terms of the location, 58% of these participants reported this happened on a WFU campus location, and 39% reported some other place (Table 45). Table 45. 2026 Reported Location of Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Incapacitation

from Alcohol and/or Drugs

Where did this incident occur? Location

University residence hall

54.6%

Some other place

17.6%

Other residential housing

13.6%

Restaurant, bar, or club

4.6%

Other nonresidential building

2.2%

Other space used by a single-sex student social organization

1.1%

Outdoor or recreational space 1.1% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 53). │ 55

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Reported alcohol and drug use. Participants were asked about the use of alcohol and drugs by the person(s) who caused harm (Table 46). These participants indicated that the nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact they reported as the most impactful happened when they were unable to consent or stop what was happening because they were incapacitated due to alcohol and/or drugs, passed out, or asleep. Participants were asked about their own voluntary use of alcohol and drugs as well as alcohol or other drugs that were given to them without their knowledge or consent before the incident (Table 47). The survey informed participants that their use of alcohol and/or drugs in no way absolves a person who acted against their will. Table 46. 2026 Reported Alcohol and Drug Use by Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Incapacitation from

Alcohol and/or Drugs Person(s) Who Caused Harm

Person(s) Who Caused Harm

Drinking Alcohol Before the Incident

Using Drugs Before the Incident

Yes

Don’t Know

Yes

Don’t Know

68.9%

14.3%

13.8%

7.6%

34.7%

51.9%

Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item ( n = 54).

Most (69%) of these participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm drank alcohol before the incident, and 8% of participants reported the person(s) who caused harm used drugs. A majority (79%) of participants reported drinking alcohol before the incident, while 18% reported using drugs before the incident. A majority (71%) of participants reported they were not given alcohol or another drug without knowledge or consent. Participants were also asked whether they were passed out or asleep for all or parts of the incident they described. Approximately 39% of these participants reported they were passed out or asleep, 37% reported they were not, and 21% reported they were not sure. Table 47. 2026 Reported Participant Alcohol and Drug Use: Incapacitation from Alcohol and/or Drugs Participant Drinking Participant Using Participant Given Alcohol or Another Drug Alcohol Before the Drugs Before the Without Knowledge or Consent Incident Incident? Suspect, Yes, Don’t Yes No Yes No But No Certain Know Uncertain 78.7% 13.9% 17.8% 77.1% 2.5% 9.4% 71.1% 13.9% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 53).

Person(s) who caused harm. These participants reported that one person (98%) or two persons (2%) behaved this way toward them during the experience they described. The majority of participants (between 79–100%) reported that the gender of the person(s) who │ 56

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

caused harm was a man; 19% of participants who experienced harm from one person reported the person was a woman. These participants were also asked to indicate the relationship of the person(s) to both WFU (Table 48) and themselves (Table 49). Most participants (89%) reported that the person(s) who caused harm was an undergraduate student, and 3% of participants reported that the person was not associated with WFU. The five most common types of relationships between participants and the person(s) who caused harm were a friend (24%), someone with whom they were involved or intimate with at the time (21%), someone they knew or recognized, but not a friend (18%), someone with whom they previously had been involved or intimate (12%), and a classmate (7%). Twenty-one percent of participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm was not someone they knew or recognized. Table 48. 2026 Reported WFU Affiliation of Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Incapacitation from Alcohol

and/or Drugs

How was the person (were the persons) who behaved this way (these ways) associated with WFU? WFU Role

Undergraduate student

88.7%

Alum/alumni

5.8%

Graduate student

3.8%

The person was not associated with Wake Forest University 3.0% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 54). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage exceeds 100%.

Table 49. 2026 Reported Relationship Between Participant and Person(s) who Caused Harm:

Incapacitation from Alcohol and/or Drugs

At the time of this event (these events), what was the person’s (were these persons’) relationship to you?

Relationship to Participant

Friend

24.0%

Did not know or recognize this person

21.0%

Someone I was involved or intimate with at the time

20.6%

Someone I know or recognize, but was not a friend

17.7%

Someone I previously had been involved or intimate with

13.4%

Classmate

7.4%

Don’t know 0.9% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 54). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

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Impact on participants. Participants who only indicated experiencing this type of nonconsensual or unwanted contact or who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by their experience of nonconsensual sexual contact due to incapacitation from alcohol and/or drugs were asked whether they experienced a variety of impacts after this incident. First, they were asked to indicate (from a list) whether they experienced any emotional and physical effects associated with experiencing a traumatic event (Table 50). Approximately 91% of participants experienced at least one emotional or physical effect as a result of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to incapacitation from alcohol and/or drugs. Over two-thirds (69%) of participants reported that they avoided or tried to avoid the person(s). Others reported feeling numb or detached (42%), feelings of helplessness or hopelessness (30%), fearfulness or being concerned about safety (26%), and nightmares or trouble sleeping (26%). Table 50. 2026 Reported Emotional and Physical Effects Experienced by Participants: Incapacitation

from Alcohol and/or Drugs

Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? Type of Emotional and Physical Effects

Avoided or tried to avoid the person(s)

69.2%

Feeling numb or detached

42.2%

Feelings of helplessness or hopelessness

29.7%

Fearfulness or being concerned about safety

26.4%

Nightmares or trouble sleeping

26.0%

Increase in engaging in risky behaviors, or behaviors that might cause harm to self or others

17.0%

Increased drug or alcohol use

16.9%

Eating problems or disorders

14.4%

Withdrawal from interactions with friends

13.0%

Headaches or stomachaches

9.2%

Loss of interest in daily activities

7.7%

Stopped participating in extracurricular activities

4.0%

None of the above 8.6% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 53). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage exceeds 100%.

These participants were also asked to specify (from a list) whether they experienced any impacts on their academic or professional lives (Table 51). Thirty percent of participants reported experiencing an impact on at least one aspect of their academic and professional lives. The three most common effects were difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignments, or exams (23%), decreased class attendance (16%), and difficulty going to work (5%). │ 58

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Table 51. 2026 Reported Impact on Participants’ Academic and Professional Lives: Incapacitation from

Alcohol and/or Drugs

Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? Academic and Professional

Difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignments, or exams

23.3%

Decreased class attendance

16.1%

Difficulty going to work

4.6%

Difficulty concentrating on thesis/dissertation research or lab/clinical

4.1%

duties Considered dropping out of school

2.4%

Withdrew from some or all classes

2.0%

Changed my major or college

1.9%

Changed my residence or housing situation

1.1%

None of the above 61.3% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 53). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage exceeds 100%.

Post-incident resource seeking. These participants were also asked about any institutional resources they contacted and the usefulness of those resources (Table 52) as well as any other individuals they told about their experiences. Table 52. 2026 Reported WFU Institutional Resources Contacted After Experiences of Nonconsensual

or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Incapacitation from Alcohol and/or Drugs Have you ever contacted any of the following about this experience?

% of Those Who Contacted and Institutional Resource

% Who Contacted Resource

Off-campus resource

7.8%

Safe Office

7.5%

88.3%

University Counseling Center

6.7%

100.0%

Deacon Health

4.4%

100.0%

Title IX Coordinator

1.6%

46.2%

Office of Wellbeing

1.0%

100.0%

University Police

0.9%

None of the above 75.4% Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

a, b

Found Resource Useful c 100.0%

N/A

Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item (n = 50); b Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage exceeds 100%; c For each WFU resource that was contacted by a participant, they were asked to indicate its usefulness in helping them, using a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all useful, 2 = A little useful, 3 = Somewhat useful, 4 = Very useful, and 5 = Extremely useful. The percentages displayed include those who indicated Somewhat useful, Very useful, and Extremely useful. a

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Participants reported contacting institutional resources, including WFU’s Safe Office (8%), University Counseling Center (7%), Deacon Health (4%), and the Title IX Coordinator (2%). Most students (83–100%) who contacted these resources found them useful. Most of these participants (75%) indicated they did not contact any of the WFU resources listed in Table 52. The survey asked these participants about any reasons why they decided not to contact any of those WFU resources. The top five reasons why participants did not utilize institutional resources were: “I felt that other people might think that what happened was at least partly my fault” (38%), “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” (35%), “I felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult” (30%), “Alcohol and/or other drugs were present” (29%), and “I could handle it myself” (28%). For the participants who selected “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” (n = 16) and/or “Other” responses (n = 1) as reasons why they did not contact any WFU resources after their nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact experience, the survey asked them to indicate any reasons that may better describe why they did not contact any of these resources (Table 53). Table 53. 2026 Reported Additional Reasons for Not Reporting Incident: Incapacitation from Alcohol

and/or Drugs)

Mark any of the reasons that may better describe why you didn’t contact any of these programs or resources. Reasons

I was not physically injured or hurt

52.5%

Alcohol and/or other drugs were present

51.9%

I did not fight back

37.0%

Events like this seem common

31.4%

The event happened in a context that began consensually

23.6%

The reaction by others suggested that it wasn’t serious enough to contact any of these programs or services I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt Because of my identity and/or the person’s identity, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood

20.5% 18.2% 12.6%

My body showed involuntary arousal

12.5%

I was concerned I might be counter-accused

10.0%

I was too busy 7.8% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 17). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

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Over half of participants indicated they did not report their nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to incapacitation from alcohol or drugs because they were not physically injured or hurt (53%) and because alcohol and/or other drugs were present (52%). Other participants reported they did not report because they did not fight back (37%), events like this seem common (31%), and the event happened in a context that began consensually (24%). Finally, participants were asked whether they told anyone about their nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to incapacitation from alcohol or drugs. For participants reporting these experiences, they most commonly told: friends (84%), family (29%), a sexual or romantic partner (15%), and a therapist/counselor (10%). About 12% of participants who have experienced nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact indicated they did not tell anyone.

Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Involving Force or Threats of Force Participants were asked about incidents that occurred or were unsuccessfully attempted since they have been a student at WFU that involved force or threats of force against them (e.g., someone using their body weight to hold them down, pinning their arms, hitting or kicking them, or using or threatening to use a weapon against them; Table 54). Table 54. 2022 and 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual

Contact Due to Force or Threats of Force Among Participants Reporting Any Experiences with Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Force or Threats of Force Proportion of All

How many times has this happened

Participants Who

since attending WFU? b

Reported Any Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Force or Threats of Force

Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact a

Four or One

Two

Three

2026

2022

Time

Times

30.0%

22.0%

69.8%

8.8%

10.4%

11.0%

8.6%

11.6%

80.4%

16.2%

3.4%

Contact involving kissing; touching someone’s breast, chest, crotch, groin, or buttocks; or grabbing, groping or rubbing against the other in a sexual way, even if the touching is over the other’s clothes due to using physical force or threats of physical force Contact involving penetration or oral sex due to using physical force or threats of physical force

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Proportion of All

How many times has this happened

Participants Who

since attending WFU? b

Reported Any Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due

Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact a

to Force or Threats of Force

Four or One

Two

Three

2026

2022

Time

Times

10.0%

10.3%

83.5%

7.7%

8.8%

Unsuccessful attempt at contact involving penetration or oral sex due to using physical force or

threats of physical force Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. a

Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who experienced any type of nonconsensual or unwanted

In 2026, nearly a third (30%) of participants who experienced any type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact since beginning their studies at WFU reported experiencing this as kissing, touching, groping, or rubbing with the use or threat of physical force. These participants reported this happening to them once (70%), twice (9%), three times (10%), and four or more times (11%) since attending WFU. Approximately 9% of these participants reported contact involving penetration or oral sex with the use or threat of physical force. These participants reported this happening to them once (80%), three times (16%), and four or more times (3%) since attending WFU. A total of 10% of these participants reported an unsuccessful attempt at contact involving penetration or oral sex with force or threat of physical force. These participants reported this happening to them once (84%), twice (8%), and three times (9%) since attending WFU.

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Table 55. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Force or Threats of Force, by Academic Level and Gender Graduate/ Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Force or Threats of

Undergraduate a

Professional a

Force

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

4.7%*

1.0%

1.6%†

5.4%

1.6%*

0.1%

0.3%

1.4%

0.5%

5.4%

Contact involving kissing; touching someone’s breast, chest, crotch, groin, or buttocks; or grabbing, groping or rubbing against the other in a sexual way, even if the touching is over the other’s clothes due to using physical force or threats of physical force Contact involving penetration or oral sex due to using physical force or threats of physical force Unsuccessful attempt at contact involving penetration or oral sex due to using physical force or threats of physical force Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. a

Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages

In 2026, undergraduate women reported higher prevalence than undergraduate men across all forms of force- or threat-based contact, with statistically significant differences observed for both non-penetrative and penetrative contact (Table 55). TGQN participants reported the highest rates of force- or threat-based contact across gender groups, more than doubling rates of overall participants for behaviors they experienced.

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Table 56. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact

Due to Force or Threats of Force, by Race/Ethnicity Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted

Hispanic/

Sexual Contact Due to Force or Threats of

Asian

Black

White

Latinx

Multi-

Force

Only

racial

3.1%a

2.5%a

2.6%a

5.3%b

0.5%

1.0%

0.3%

0.8%

-c

0.5%b,c

1.0%b

0.3%c

1.7%a

Contact involving kissing; touching someone’s breast, chest, crotch, groin, or buttocks; or grabbing, groping or rubbing against the other in a sexual way, even if the touching is over the other’s clothes due to using physical force or threats of physical force Contact involving penetration or oral sex due to using physical force or threats of physical force Unsuccessful attempt at contact involving penetration or oral sex due to using physical

force or threats of physical force Note. Reflects weighted percentages. For statistical comparisons between three or more groups, within each row, values that don’t share a subscript indicate statistically significant (p < .05) cross-group differences between the reported proportions (or values that do share a subscript indicate no statistically significant cross-group differences between the reported proportions). When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

In 2026, multiracial participants reported significantly higher prevalence in two of the three behaviors (non-penetrative contact and attempted contact), while other racial/ethnic groups reported relatively similar, lower levels overall (Table 56). Timing and location of experience. Participants who only indicated experiencing this type of nonconsensual or unwanted contact or who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by their experience of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact with the use or threat of force reported additional details about this experience. In terms of the timing and location of these incidents, 27% of these participants reported this incident happened during an academic break or recess. In terms of the location of these incidents, 75% of these participants reported that this happened on a WFU campus location, and 18% reported some other place (Table 57). Table 57. 2026 Reported Location of Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Force or

Threats of Force

Where did this incident occur? Location University residence hall

% 57.1%

Some other place

18.2%

Restaurant, bar, or club

11.1%

Other residential housing 8.4% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 14). │ 64

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Reported alcohol and drug use. Participants were asked about the use of alcohol and drugs by the person(s) who caused harm (Table 58). They were also asked about their own voluntary use of alcohol and drugs as well as alcohol or other drugs that were given to them without their knowledge or consent before the incident (Table 59). The survey informed participants that their use of alcohol and/or drugs in no way absolves a person who acted against their will. Table 58. Reported Alcohol and Drug Use by Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Force or Threats of Force Person(s) Who Caused Harm Person(s) Who Caused Harm Drinking Alcohol Before the Incident Using Drugs Before the Incident Yes No Don’t Know Yes No Don’t Know 42.6% 37.5% 20.0% 50.5% 49.5% Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw these items (n = 14).

Forty-three percent (43%) of participants reported the person(s) who caused harm drank alcohol before the incident, and no participants reported the person(s) who caused harm used drugs beforehand. Over half (60%) of participants reported drinking alcohol before the incident, and 17% reported using drugs before the incident. The majority of participants were not given alcohol or another drug without knowledge or consent. Participants were also asked whether they were passed out or asleep for all or parts of the incident they described. Most (56%) reported they were not, while 36% of these participants reported they were passed out or asleep. Table 59. 2026 Reported Participant Alcohol and Drug Use: Force or Threats of Force Participant Drinking Participant Using Participant Given Alcohol or Another Drug Alcohol Before the Drugs Before the Without Knowledge or Consent Incident Incident? Suspect, Yes, Don’t Yes No Yes No But No Certain Know Uncertain 59.7% 40.3% 8.4% 91.6% 17.3% 20.0% 62.7% Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 14).

Person(s) who caused harm. Participants who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by their experience of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact with force or threats of force reported that one person (76%) and two persons (24%) behaved this way toward them during the incident they described. All participants indicated that the gender of the person(s) who caused harm was a man. These participants were also asked to indicate the relationship of the person(s) to both WFU (Table 60) and themselves (Table 61). About three-fourths (72%) of these participants │ 65

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

reported that the person(s) who caused harm was a student, and 11% of these participants reported that the person was not associated with WFU. The person(s) who caused harm had four types of relationships with participants: a friend (26%), someone with whom they were involved or intimate with at the time (17%), someone with whom they previously had been involved or intimate (15%), and someone they knew or recognized, but not a friend (14%). A quarter (25%) of participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm was not someone they knew or recognized. Table 60. 2026 Reported WFU Affiliation of Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Force or Threats of Force How was the person (were the persons) who behaved this way (these ways) associated with WFU? WFU Role Undergraduate student

% 72.0%

The person was not associated with WFU 11.1% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 14). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Table 61. 2026 Reported Relationship Between Participant and Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Force or

Threats of Force

At the time of this event (these events), what was the person’s (were these persons’) relationship to you? Relationship to Participant

Friend

25.6%

Did not know or recognize this person

24.6%

Someone with whom I was involved or intimate at the time

17.3%

Someone with whom I previously had been involved or intimate

14.8%

Someone I know or recognize, but was not a friend 13.8% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 14). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Impact on participants. Participants who only indicated experiencing this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact or who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by their experience of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact with force or threat of force were asked whether they experienced a variety of impacts after this incident. First, they were asked to indicate (from a list) whether they experienced any emotional and physical effects associated with experiencing a traumatic event (Table 62). All participants reported experiencing at least one emotional or physical effect as a result of this experience. Nearly three-quarters (73%) of participants reported that they avoided or tried to avoid the person(s). A large proportion of participants also reported headaches or stomachaches (60%), feeling

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numb or detached (51%), nightmares or trouble sleeping (49%), withdrawal from interactions with friends (42%), and fearfulness or being concerned about safety (42%). Table 62. 2026 Reported Emotional and Physical Effects Experienced by Participants of Nonconsensual

or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Force or Threats of Force

Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? Type of Emotional and Physical Effects

Avoided or tried to avoid the person(s)

73.3%

Headaches or stomach aches

59.9%

Feeling numb or detached

51.0%

Nightmares or trouble sleeping

48.8%

Withdrawal from interactions with friends

41.7%

Fearfulness or being concerned about safety

41.7%

Feelings of helplessness or hopelessness

31.0%

Loss of interest in daily activities

23.9%

Eating problems or disorders

23.9%

Increase in engaging in risky behaviors, or behaviors that might cause harm to self or others

21.5%

Stopped participating in extracurricular activities

13.0%

Increased drug or alcohol use

13.0%

None of the above Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 14). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage exceeds 100%.

These participants were also asked to specify (from a list) whether they experienced any impacts on their academic or professional lives (Table 63). A majority (76%) of participants reported experiencing an impact on at least one aspect of their academic and professional lives. The three most common effects were difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignments, or exams (56%), decreased class attendance (24%), and considering dropping out of school (22%).

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Table 63. 2026 Reported Impact on Participants’ Academic and Professional Lives: Force or Threats of

Force

Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? Type of Academic/Professional Effects

Difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignments, or exams

55.8%

Decreased class attendance

23.9%

Considered dropping out of school

21.5%

Withdrew from some or all classes

15.6%

Difficulty going to work

2.4%

Changed my career plan

2.4%

None of the above 24.1% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 14). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage exceeds 100%.

Post-incident resource seeking. Participants who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by this type of experience were also asked about any institutional resources they contacted (Table 64) as well as any other individuals they told about their experiences. Table 64. 2026 Reported Resources Contacted: Force or Threats of Force Have you ever contacted any of the following about this experience? % of Those Who Contacted and Institutional Resource

% Who Contacted Resource

Found Resource Useful c

a, b

University Counseling Center

17.6%

38.1%

Off-campus resource

16.0%

100.0%

Safe Office

11.3%

100.0%

Office of Wellbeing

8.9%

100.0%

Deacon Health

2.4%

100.0%

None of the above

57.6%

N/A

Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item (n = 14); Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage exceeds 100%; c For each WFU resource that was contacted by a participant, they were asked to indicate its usefulness in helping them, using a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all useful, 2 = A little useful, 3 = Somewhat useful, 4 = Very useful, and 5 = Extremely useful. The percentages displayed include those who indicated Somewhat useful, Very useful, and Extremely useful. a

Participants reported contacting four of the institutional resources after their nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to physical force or threat of physical force: WFU’s University Counseling Center (18%), Safe Office (11%), Office of Wellbeing (9%), and Deacon Health (2%). Nearly all students who contacted these resources found them useful. Over half (58%) of participants reported they did not contact any of the WFU resources listed in Table 64. The survey asked these participants about why they decided not to contact any of those WFU resources. The top five reasons why these participants did not utilize institutional resources were: “I felt that other people might think that what happened was at least partly │ 68

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

my fault” (55%), “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” (43%), “The event happened in a context that began consensually” (36%), “I did not know where to go or who to tell” (26%), and “I did not think anyone would believe me” (26%). For the participants who selected “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” as reasons why they did not contact any WFU resources after their experience, the survey asked them to indicate any reasons that may better describe why they did not contact any of these resources. The most common additional reasons reported among those participants were “Events like this seem common” (61%), “I was not physically injured or hurt” (33%) and “The event happened in a context that began consensually” (17%). Finally, these participants were asked whether they told any individuals about their experience. These students most commonly told: friends (74%), a therapist/counselor (25%), family (23%), a sexual or romantic partner (16%), and a resident advisor or other live-in residential staff (14%). Approximately 8% of participants who reported experiencing nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to force or threats of force indicated they did not tell anyone.

Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Involving Verbal Coercion Participants were asked about nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact that occurred since they have been a student at WFU because someone verbally coerced them by threatening serious non-physical harm or promising rewards (Table 65).

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Table 65. 2022 and 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Verbal Coercion Among Participants Reporting Any Experiences with Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Verbal Coercion Proportion of All How many times has this Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Verbal Coercion

Participants Who Reported

happened since attending WFU? b

Any Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact a

Four or One

Two

Three

2026

2022

Time

Times

4.8%

7.4%

36.3%

25.7%

19.9%

18.1%

2.9%

6.0%

53.5%

18.6%

27.9%

Contact involving kissing or other sexual touching by threatening serious non-physical harm or promising rewards such that participant felt they must comply Contact involving penetration or oral sex by threatening serious non-physical harm or promising rewards such that participant felt they must comply Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who experienced any type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact since beginning their studies at WFU in 2026 (n = 210) and 2022 (n = 496); b Reflects weighted a

percentages of all participants who experienced this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact since beginning their studies at WFU (n = 4).

In 2026, approximately 5% of all participants who experienced nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact reported experiencing this as involving kissing or other sexual touching by threatening serious non-physical harm or promising rewards such that participant felt they must comply. These participants reported this happening to them once (36%), twice (26%), three times (20%), and four or more times (18%) since attending WFU. Three percent of participants reported contact involving penetration or oral sex by threatening serious non-physical harm or promising rewards such that participant felt they must comply. These participants reported this happening to them once (54%), twice (19%), and four or more times (28%) since attending WFU. Table 66 and Table 67 summarize the reported prevalence of these tactics across academic level, gender, and racial/ethnic groups.

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Table 66. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Verbal Coercion, by Academic Level and Gender Graduate/ Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or a Undergraduate Professional a Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Verbal Coercion

Women

Men

Women

Men

TGQN b

Contact involving kissing or other sexual touching by threatening serious nonphysical harm or promising rewards such that participant felt they must comply

0.6%

2.7%

0.1%

2.7%

Contact involving penetration or oral sex by threatening serious non-physical harm or 0.1% promising rewards such that participant felt they must comply Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. a

Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages

Table 67. 2026 Reported Prevalence of Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Verbal Coercion, by Race/Ethnicity Tactics Used for Nonconsensual or Hispanic/ Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Verbal Asian Black White Latinx MultiCoercion Only Only Only Only racial Contact involving kissing or other sexual touching by threatening serious nonphysical harm or promising rewards such that participant felt they must comply

-c

0.4%b,c

0.3%b,c

0.4%b,c

0.9%a

Contact involving penetration or oral sex by threatening serious non-physical harm or -c 0.4%b 0.1%b,c 0.3%b 0.8%a promising rewards such that participant felt they must comply Note. Reflects weighted percentages. For statistical comparisons between three or more groups, within each row, values that don’t share a subscript indicate statistically significant (p < .05) cross-group differences between the reported proportions (or values that do share a subscript indicate no statistically significant cross-group differences between the reported proportions). When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

Timing and location of experience. Participants who only indicated experiencing these types of tactics or who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by their experience of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact because of verbal coercion reported additional details about this experience. In terms of the timing and location of these incidents, over a third (36%) of these participants reported that this incident happened during an academic break or recess. In terms of the location of these incidents, 59% of these participants reported that this happened on a WFU campus location, and 41% reported some other place (Table 68).

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Table 68. 2026 Reported Location of Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Verbal

Coercion

Where did this incident occur? Location Other nonresidential building

% 40.4%

Some other place

23.0%

University residence hall 18.3% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 4).

Reported alcohol and drug use. Participants were asked about the use of alcohol and drugs by the person(s) who caused harm (Table 69). They were also asked about their own voluntary use of alcohol and drugs as well as alcohol or other drugs that were given to them without their knowledge or consent before the incident (Table 70). The survey informed participants that their use of alcohol and/or drugs in no way absolves a person who acted against their will. Table 69. Reported Alcohol and Drug Use by Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Verbal Coercion Person(s) Who Caused Harm Person(s) Who Caused Harm Drinking Alcohol Before the Incident Using Drugs Before the Incident Yes No Don’t Know Yes No Don’t Know 58.7% 41.3% 58.7% 18.3% 23.0% Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 4).

Approximately 59% of participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm drank alcohol before the incident, and 59% of participants reported the person(s) who caused harm used drugs. Approximately 59% of participants reported drinking alcohol before the incident, and 18% reported using drugs before the incident. Approximately 18% of participants indicated they were passed out or asleep for all or parts of the incident they described. Table 70. 2026 Reported Participant Alcohol and Drug Use: Verbal Coercion Participant Drinking Participant Using Alcohol Before the Drugs Before the Participant Given Alcohol or Another Drug Incident Incident? Without Knowledge or Consent Suspect, Yes, But Don’t Yes No Yes No Certain Uncertain No Know 58.7% 41.3% 18.3% 81.7% 18.3% 81.7% Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 4).

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Person(s) who caused harm. All participants who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by these types of experiences reported that the person(s) who caused harm was one person, and that this person(s) was a man. These participants were also asked to indicate the relationship of the person(s) to both WFU (Table 71) and themselves (Table 72). The majority (77%) of participants reported that the person(s) who caused harm was a student, and 23% of participants reported that the person was not associated with WFU. Two types of relationships that participants had with the person(s) who caused harm were reported: someone with whom they were involved or intimate with at the time (77%), and someone with whom they previously had been involved or intimate (23%). Table 71. 2026 Reported WFU Affiliation of Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Verbal Coercion How was the person (were the persons) who behaved this way (these ways) associated with WFU? WFU Role Undergraduate student The person was not associated with WFU

% 77.0% 23.0%

Alumni 18.3% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 4). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Table 72. 2026 Reported Relationship Between Participant and Person(s) Who Caused Harm: Verbal

Coercion

At the time of this event (these events), what was the person’s (were these persons’) relationship to you? Relationship to Participant

Someone I was involved or intimate with at the time

77.0% Someone I previously had been involved or intimate with 23.0% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 4). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

Impact on participants. Participants who only indicated experiencing these types of tactics or who indicated that they were most impacted or affected by their experience of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact because of verbal coercion were asked whether they experienced a variety of impacts after this incident. First, they were asked to indicate (from a list) whether they experienced any emotional and physical effects associated with experiencing a traumatic event (Table 73). All of these participants experienced at least one emotional or physical effect as a result of their experience. Nearly all (82%) of these participants reported withdrawal from interactions with friends and feeling numb or detached. More than half of these participants │ 73

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reported eating problems or disorders (63%), headaches or stomachaches (63%), and increased drug or alcohol use (59%). Table 73. 2026 Reported Emotional and Physical Effects Experienced by Participants of Nonconsensual

or Unwanted Sexual Contact Due to Verbal Coercion Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? Type of Emotional and Physical Effects Withdrawal from interactions with friends

% 81.7%

Feeling numb or detached

81.7%

Eating problems or disorders

63.4%

Headaches or stomachaches

63.4%

Increased drug or alcohol use

58.7%

Feelings of helplessness or hopelessness

41.3%

Avoided or tried to avoid the person(s)

41.3%

Loss of interest in daily activities

41.3%

Fearfulness or being concerned about safety

41.3%

Increase in engaging in risky behaviors, or behaviors that might cause harm to self or others

23.0%

Nightmares or trouble sleeping

18.3%

Stopped participating in extracurricular activities

18.3%

None of the above Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -. Reflects weighted percentages of participants

who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 4). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

These participants were also asked to specify (from a list) whether they experienced any impacts on their academic or professional lives (Table 74). More than half (59%) of participants reported that they experienced an impact on at least one aspect of their academic and professional lives. The three reported effects were difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignments, or exams (59%), change of residence or housing situation (18%), and difficulty going to work (18%). Table 74. 2026 Reported Impact on Participants’ Academic and Professional Lives: Verbal Coercion Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? Academic and Professional Effects

Difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignments, or exams

58.7%

Changed my residence or housing situation

18.3%

Difficulty going to work

18.3%

None of the above 41.3% Note. Reflects weighted percentages of participants who reported being most impacted or affected by this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact and who saw this item (n = 4). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%.

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Post-incident resource seeking. These participants were also asked about any institutional resources they contacted (Table 75) as well as any other individuals they told about their experiences. Table 75. 2026 Reported WFU Institutional Resources Contacted: Verbal Coercion Have you ever contacted any of the following about this experience? Institutional Resource Safe Office

% Who Contacted Resource a, b 18.3%

None of the above 63.4% Note. When no responses were observed, we indicate this by -.

% of Those Who Contacted and Found Resource Useful c 100.0% N/A

Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who saw this item (n = 4); b Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentage can exceed 100%; c For each WFU resource that was contacted by a participant, they were asked to indicate its usefulness in helping them, using a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all useful, 2 = A little useful, 3 = Somewhat useful, 4 = Very useful, and 5 = Extremely useful. The percentages displayed include those who indicated Somewhat useful, Very useful, and Extremely useful. a

These participants reported contacting one institutional resource after experiencing nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact because of verbal coercion: the Safe Office (18%). All students who contacted the Safe Office found it useful. Sixty-three percent (63%) of participants indicated they did not contact any of the WFU resources listed in Table 75. The survey asked these participants about any reasons why they decided not to contact any of those WFU resources. The top two reasons why participants didn’t utilize institutional resources were: “I felt that other people might think that what happened was at least partly my fault” (64%) and “I did not want any action taken” (36%). No participants selected “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources” and/or “Other” responses as reasons why they did not contact any WFU resources after their experience. Finally, participants were asked whether they told any individuals about their experience. For those reporting any experiences of this type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact, participants reported telling a friend (59%). Nearly a quarter (23%) indicated that they did not tell anyone.

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Key Findings About Nonconsensual or Unwanted Sexual Contact: Among the 9% of overall 2026 participants who reported experiencing nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact since becoming a student at WFU, contact involving kissing or other sexual touching without active, ongoing voluntary agreement was the most commonly reported experience (77% of all students who experienced nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact). Role of Alcohol and Drugs. Among WFU students, nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact most often occurred in a university residence hall, other residential housing, or another place not listed. Around half of the time, alcohol was used by the person(s) who caused harm and/or participant prior to the experience, while drug use prior to the experience was much less common. The majority of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact due to incapacitation were the result of voluntary alcohol consumption, rather than due to participants being drugged or given alcohol without their knowledge or consent, though this finding does not mean that participants were not pressured, coerced, or encouraged to drink to a point of intoxication or incapacitation. Characteristics of Person(s) Who Caused Harm. The person(s) who caused harm were most often men, WFU undergraduates, and/or other persons not associated with WFU. Verbal coercion as well as force or threats of force were most common in situations in which the participant and person(s) who caused harm were involved or intimate. Impact on Participants. A majority of participants (74–100% across the different tactics) reported that the experience negatively impacted their physical or emotional health in some way. The most common negative effects were avoiding or trying to avoid the person(s), feeling numb or detached, withdrawal from interactions with friends, and headaches or stomachaches; however, rates of experiencing negative outcomes differed across the type of tactic used. Experiences involving verbal coercion were associated with greater negative academic and professional outcomes, than experience due to the use of incapacitation tactics, physical force, or a lack of active and ongoing voluntary agreement. Difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignment, or exams and decreased class attendance were the most commonly indicated negative academic and professional outcomes reported by participants across all types of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact. Participant Use of WFU Campus Resources. Most participants (58–75%) reported that they did not utilize a WFU campus resource after their nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact experience. The most commonly contacted resource post-incident, across all four types, was the Safe Office and the University Counseling Center.

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Reasons for Not Using WFU Campus Resources. Reasons for not contacting WFU campus resources varied by type of nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact experience. Three of the most commonly reported reasons among those who did not report were: “I felt that other people might think that what happened was at least partly my fault,” “I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources,” and “The event happened in a context that began consensually.” For those who did not think it was serious enough, participants most often indicated that it was because they were not physically injured or hurt, events like this seem common, and the event happened in a context that began consensually.

Section 3: Prevention Training, Knowledge of Campus Resources, and Perceptions of Wake Forest University Campus Climate All participants were asked to report on their sexual misconduct prevention training experiences at WFU, their knowledge of WFU’s resources related to sexual misconduct, and their perceptions of the institutional perspective and response to sexual misconduct on campus. Participants who indicated they had experienced any type of sexual misconduct were also asked to report whether WFU supported them in a variety of ways after the incident, regardless of whether they formally reported the incident. The following findings include both 2022 and 2026 findings related to participants’ knowledge of WFU’s resources related to sexual misconduct. Additionally, 2026 findings related to sexual misconduct prevention training experiences, perceptions of the institutional response to sexual misconduct on campus, and perceptions of post-incident institutional support are included.

Knowledge of WFU Resources Related to Sexual Misconduct Both 2022 and 2026 participants were asked to report whether they were aware of a variety of WFU sexual misconduct resources and services (Table 76).

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Table 76. 2022 and 2026 Reported Awareness of WFU Resources Related to Sexual Misconduct % Aware of WFU Resource WFU Resource

2026

2022

Deacon Health

84.9%

74.1%

University Police

77.5%

78.5%

Office of Wellbeing

76.9%

University Counseling Center

66.0%

79.1%

Safe Office

51.2%

60.1%

LGBTQ+ Center

47.6%

44.6%

Intercultural Center

44.0%

Title IX Coordinator

43.5%

65.1%

Women’s Center

43.5%

48.1%

Office of the Chaplain

41.9%

45.1%

CARE Case Managers

32.5%

Compliance Hotline

12.1%

Respondent Support

7.6%

None of the above

5.3%

19.0% 9.2%

Note. Reflects weighted percentages. 2026 participants could select multiple responses from a list of 13 resources as well as None of the above, so total percentages can exceed 100%. The 2026 survey instrument was refined to include additional resources not included in the 2022 instrument (solid-color boxes indicate no equivalent measure for the 2022 instrument).

In 2026, over three-fourths of participants reported awareness of Deacon Health (85%), University Police (78%), and Office of Wellbeing (77%). Over half of participants reported awareness of University Counseling Center (66%) and Safe Office (51%). Table 77. 2022 and 2026 Reported Knowledge of WFU Policies and Procedures % Knowledgeable WFU Policies and Procedures

2026

2022

How knowledgeable are you about how sexual assault and other sexual misconduct are defined at Wake Forest University? Not at all knowledgeable

7.7%

25.6%

A little or somewhat knowledgeable

59.6%

42.0%

Very or extremely knowledgeable

32.3%

32.4%

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% Knowledgeable WFU Policies and Procedures

2026

2022

How knowledgeable are you about where to get help at Wake Forest University if you or a friend experienced sexual assault or other sexual misconduct? Not at all knowledgeable

6.7%

22.3%

A little or somewhat knowledgeable

57.0%

36.3%

Very or extremely knowledgeable

35.8%

41.3%

How knowledgeable are you about where to make a report of sexual assault or other sexual misconduct at Wake Forest University? Not at all knowledgeable

9.8%

25.7%

A little or somewhat knowledgeable

56.4%

36.7%

Very or extremely knowledgeable

33.1%

37.6%

How knowledgeable are you about what happens when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or other sexual misconduct at Wake Forest University? Not at all knowledgeable

22.5%

45.9%

A little or somewhat knowledgeable

57.9%

34.7%

Very or extremely knowledgeable

18.8%

19.4%

Note. Reflects weighted percentages.

Both 2022 and 2026 participants were also asked to rate how knowledgeable they are about: 1) the definitions of sexual misconduct, 2) where to get help post-incident, and 3) where to make a report and the possible outcomes associated with reporting an incident of sexual misconduct at WFU (Table 77). Most notably in 2026, far fewer participants reported feeling not at all knowledgeable about these areas, suggesting more WFU students have at least some knowledge. A majority of participants (56–60%) reported feeling a little or somewhat knowledgeable about definitions, resources, and processes. Participants were least knowledgeable about what happens when a student makes a report of sexual assault or sexual misconduct (in 2026, 23% reported being not at all knowledgeable) and reported greater knowledge about the resources available to students in need of help regarding sexual assault or misconduct (33–36% reported being very or extremely knowledgeable).

Prevention Training at WFU 2026 participants who began attending WFU in 2025 (49%) and prior to 2025 (51%) reported participation in training modules or information sessions about sexual assault or sexual misconduct as an incoming student (or since arriving) at WFU. Table 78 provides information about how these completion rates differ by students’ academic level and gender. In general, a higher rate of undergraduates reported participation in prevention training compared with graduate/professional students. Graduate/professional men who began │ 79

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attending WFU in 2025–2026 reported higher rates of participation in prevention training compared to graduate/ professional men who began attending WFU before 2025. Table 78. 2026 Reported Completion of Prevention Training, by Academic Level and Gender % Overall % Women Completing % Men Completing % TGQN Year of First

Participants

Enrolling at

Completing

WFU

Training

Training a

Completing

Undergrad

Grad/Prof

Undergrad

Grad/Prof

Training b

76.2%

41.2%

68.7%

49.5%

60.7%

45.8%

46.3%

58.6%

31.3%

50.5%

39.3%

54.2%

Began Attending WFU in 2025 Began Attending WFU Before 2025 a

Reflects weighted percentages; b Reflects unweighted (actual) percentages

All 2026 participants who reported participation in training were asked to select which topics were covered (Table 79). Overall, participants reported that their trainings covered: 1) the definition of and how to initiate consent (76%), 2) how WFU defines sexual assault and sexual misconduct (73%), 3) bystander intervention (73%), 4) how to prevent sexual assault or misconduct (70%), 5) where to seek help after experiencing sexual misconduct (68%), 6) resources related to sexual misconduct (63%), and 7) skills for fostering healthy and respectful behaviors (55%). Less than half (40%) of participants reported participation in additional types of training. Table 79. 2026 Reported Prevention Training Topics, by WFU Enrollment Timeframe Began Prevention Topics The definition of consent and how to initiate consent How sexual assault or other sexual misconduct is defined on campus Bystander intervention How to prevent sexual assault or other sexual misconduct

Began

Overall

Attending WFU

Participants

in 2025

Before 2025

75.5%

79.9%

71.5%

73.2%

78.9%

68.4%

72.6%

79.4%

66.9%

69.7%

75.8%

64.2%

67.6%

73.1%

62.9%

62.7%

70.3%

56.2%

Where to seek help should you or someone else experience sexual assault or other sexual misconduct Resources on campus related to sexual assault or other sexual misconduct

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Prevention Topics

Began

Overall

Attending WFU

Participants

in 2025

Before 2025

Skills for fostering healthy and respectful behaviors a

54.7%

Additional training programs on how to prevent sexual assault or other sexual

39.7%

46.8%

33.5%

misconduct Note. Reflects weighted percentages of all participants who reported completing any prevention training and who completed this item (n = 1,170). Participants could select multiple responses, so total percentages can exceed 100%. Response was inadvertently excluded for participants who began attending WFU in 2025 (n = 720); solid-color box indicates no data available. a

Perceptions of WFU’s Campus Climate Institutional prevention and response efforts. 2026 participants were asked to indicate their perceptions of WFU’s campus climate for sexual misconduct by indicating the extent to which they perceive that the institution is engaging in a variety of efforts to address sexual misconduct (Table 80). Table 80. 2026 Reported Perceptions of Campus Climate for Sexual Misconduct Perceptions

% Agree

This school is trying to prevent sexual misconduct from happening.

87.7%

This school takes training in sexual misconduct prevention seriously.

86.4%

This school is educating students about sexual misconduct (e.g., what consent means, how to define sexual assault, how to look out

86.3%

for one another). This school does not tolerate sexual misconduct. This school is providing needed services to victims of sexual misconduct. This school is holding people accountable for committing sexual misconduct.

81.7% 77.3% 66.1%

Note. Reflects weighted percentages. Participants were asked to indicate the extent to which they agreed with each statement, using a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Somewhat, 4 = Very, and 5 = Extremely. Reported values reflect combined percentages of participants who selected Extremely, Very, and Somewhat.

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2026 participants’ perceptions of WFU’s campus climate were positive, with over 80% agreeing that WFU is taking prevention seriously, educating students, and not tolerating misconduct. However, agreement is somewhat lower when it comes to accountability (66%) and providing services to victims (77%). Perceptions of WFU sexual misconduct support. Participants who reported they had experienced any type of sexual misconduct were presented seven survey items that asked whether WFU provided specific types of responses to their incidents (with “yes,” “no,” or “not applicable” response options). Participants received these items, regardless of whether they reported the incident to WFU, in recognition that they might have received various forms of support, without seeking out or requesting that support from WFU. Table 81 provides information about how many participants reported receiving the types of support asked about on the survey, among those who indicated the support was applicable to their experience. The majority of participants (77–85% across items) indicated that receiving that form of support was not applicable to their experience. Table 81. Support Received from WFU After Sexual Misconduct Incidents % Reporting WFU Support Received from WFU Actively supported you with either formal or informal resources (e.g., counseling, academic services, meetings, or phone calls)

Offered This Support 16.1%

Created an environment where this type of experience was safe to discuss

16.1%

Ensured you were treated as an important member of the institution

14.6%

Met your needs for support and accommodations

12.6%

Allowed you to have a say in how your report was handled

9.3%

Apologized for what happened to you

8.7%

Believed your report

8.6%

Note. Reflects weighted percentages.

Among participants who felt the WFU response was applicable to their experiences, the two most frequently reported forms of support received by participants were receiving active support through either formal or informal resources and an environment in which this type of behavior was safe to discuss. Participants’ perceptions of WFU’s response to reporting sexual misconduct. All 2026 participants were asked about their perceptions of WFU’s likely response to someone reporting sexual misconduct to a school official (Table 82).

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Table 82. Reported Perceptions of WFU Response to Reporting Sexual Misconduct Perceptions

% Reporting Likelihood

How likely is it that campus officials would take the report seriously? Not at all likely

1.0%

A little or somewhat likely

12.0%

Very or extremely likely

71.7%

How likely is it that campus officials would conduct a fair investigation? Not at all likely

1.0%

A little or somewhat likely

15.9%

Very or extremely likely

65.9%

Note. Reflects weighted percentages.

Nearly three-quarters (71%) of participants reported that WFU campus officials were very or extremely likely to take a report of sexual misconduct seriously. Two-thirds (66%) of participants reported that WFU was very or extremely likely to conduct a fair investigation.

Summary Students reported generally positive perceptions of the WFU campus climate in terms of feeling that the school does not tolerate sexual misconduct and that it puts efforts toward addressing sexual misconduct on campus (e.g., training, education, other prevention efforts). The majority of students also reported it very likely and extremely likely that campus officials would take reports seriously and conduct fair investigations.

Ongoing WFU Efforts to Address Sexual Misconduct WFU implements a multifaceted, trauma-informed approach to provide high-quality prevention programming and support services for all undergraduate and graduate students on campus. To ensure cross-campus collaboration, the University created the Coalition Against Interpersonal Violence, which is open to all students, faculty, and staff. This collective impact coalition amplifies prevention efforts, streamlines communication, and unites the campus around the shared goal of eliminating interpersonal violence. Since the 2022 survey, the University has developed numerous new programs. One key highlight was the launch of ConsentCon, WFU’s biennial conference focused on interpersonal violence in university settings. Convening three times since 2023, the event centers campuswide conversations and practice around consent. Mandatory training for all incoming students was also updated to ensure completion before the first day of classes. Curriculum areas include Sexual Violence Prevention and Bystander Intervention, which align with best practices. Additional initiatives implemented since the 2022 survey include the Start with Safe campaign to promote confidential survivor support resources, as well as the creation and │ 83

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launch of Deacs Do It, a custom multi-issue active bystander training program. Additionally, WFU expanded its organizational capacity by adding full-time staff dedicated specifically to prevention, support, and reporting. The 2026 survey results will be shared with the campus community in a variety of formats. The University will provide opportunities for students, faculty, and staff to ask questions, express concerns, share ideas, and engage in open discussion. Campus leadership will use these forums to listen and learn, gaining invaluable insights to identify key priorities and improve future prevention efforts, institutional policies, and survivor resources. Ultimately, WFU aims to foster collective responsibility and a shared commitment to a campus where all students matter, belong, and thrive.

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Appendix A – Statistical Weighting Procedures Statistical Weighting Procedures The statistical weight variable supplied by NORC reflects corrections for nonresponse. Below, we detail the step-by-step procedures employed to develop the statistical weight variable. Step 1: Nonresponse Adjustment Since all WFU students were invited to complete the survey, the first step of the weighting process is to assign a base weight of 1 to each participant, then calculate a nonresponse adjustment. This is done by fitting a model to the set of all eligible cases. The model’s dependent variable is an indicator of whether the eligible case completed an interview, and the independent variables are the weighting variables, described in Table A1. Table A1. Weighting Variables Variable

Description

Sex

Student’s sex

Race/Ethnicity

Source for Weighting Parameters

Student’s race/ethnicity Undergraduate year or

Academic Level

graduate category

Academic Area

STEM, non-STEM, or Interdisciplinary/Other

Sample file data from institution

The model is then used to make predictions for each eligible case; these predictions are referred to as response propensities. The response propensities are then grouped into 20 cells by calculating 20 quantiles, where each cell has an equal number of participants and a varying number of students on the frame. Finally, the nonresponse adjusted weight for each participant is calculated as: 𝑊𝑁𝑅 =

𝑁𝑖 . 𝑛𝑖

Where 𝑁𝑖 is the number of students in cell 𝑖 and 𝑛𝑖 is the number of participants in cell 𝑖. Step 2: Collapse Categories The second step of the weighting process is to collapse categories. This is done to ensure computational feasibility for cases where cell counts are small. │ 85

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• • •

For race/ethnicity, the following categories were collapsed into a single category called “Other”: American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and Asian. For academic level, the following categories were collapsed into a single category called “Graduate”: Graduate, Second Year, and Third Year. For academic level, the following categories were collapsed into a single category called “Law”: 1L, 2L, and 3L.

Step 3: Hot-deck Imputation The third step of the weighting process is to apply hot-deck imputation to the variables that will be used in raking. Hot-deck imputation replaces each missing value with an observed value from a “donor” record in the same data set. Hot-deck imputation was done for the following variable: Race/Ethnicity. Step 4: Raking The fourth step of the weighting process is to apply raking to the nonresponse adjusted weights. Statistical raking is a weighting method used in survey research to adjust the weights of survey responses that are under- or over-represented in a dataset to match the known characteristics of a population. The statistical weighting procedures implemented consisted of adjusting sample representation to known populations characteristics across the following variables: Sex * Academic Level, Race/Ethnicity, and Academic Area. The weight calibration procedures ensure that the sum of weights in each cell is made as close as possible to population-level information included in the preload data from the institution. Design Effect The Kish design effect after raking was 1.4. The Kish design effect is a measure used in survey sampling to assess the efficiency of a particular sampling design. It quantifies the degree to which the variance of estimates obtained from a complex sample design deviates from what would be expected under simple random sampling. A Kish design effect of 1.4 means that the variance of estimates obtained from the survey design is 1.4 times larger than what would be expected under simple random sampling. Table A2. Design Effect

Institution Wake Forest University

Kish Design Effect

Before Raking

After Raking

1.38

1.4 │ 86

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Appendix B – Survey Instrument Informed Consent SURVEYINTRO. NORC at the University of Chicago (NORC)—an independent, nonpartisan research organization—is administering the following survey to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students (with the exception of School of Professional Studies or School of Medicine students) enrolled in in-person programs at Wake Forest University’s (WFU’s) Reynolda campus. The survey includes questions about personal experiences with digital sexual misconduct, intimate partner and dating violence, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and stalking. The survey also includes questions about your perceptions related to sexual misconduct at WFU and your knowledge of resources available at WFU. Explicit language is used in this survey that some may find uncomfortable, but it is important that we ask the questions in this way so that you are clear what we mean. Information on WFU resources is provided below if you need to stop and seek help at any time. The survey should take you between 20-25 minutes to complete. Your participation is important. The insights gathered will help WFU identify needed support resources and understand awareness and effectiveness of prevention efforts. As a thank-you for your time, every student who completes the survey will receive one free drip coffee beverage from the Campus Grounds coffee shop. Additionally, there will be two drawings to randomly select from students who complete the survey 100 winners of a crewneck sweatshirt from the Deacon Shop and one winner for a VIP study space during Spring 2026 finals week, which includes private space for up to 10 friends with catered dinner and a de-stress station. NORC will notify all random drawing winners by email. [HOVER TEXT FOR “VIP STUDY SPACE”:] This is a private space reserved for five hours, equipped with whiteboards and a projector, a buffet-style catered dinner and dessert for one student and up to 10 of their WFU peers, and a de-stress station featuring aromatherapy, fidgets, and other wellbeing materials. The Office of Wellbeing will coordinate directly with the winner to schedule the experience, discuss dietary considerations, and confirm the guest list. All guests must be current WFU students (undergraduate or graduate). The prize can be redeemed and used between April 27 – May 8, 2026. Participation in this survey is voluntary. You may skip any question or stop at any time without penalty or impact on your standing as a WFU student. NORC will treat participation in this survey as confidential. While your responses are temporarily linked to you for survey administration, NORC will remove identifying information (your name, email, and IP address) before analysis and will not include such identifying information in reports. Only NORC research staff will have access to linked survey responses during data collection, and all survey responses will be securely stored by NORC. Findings from this survey will be reported in ways that ensure no participant can be identified based on their survey responses. At the end of the project, NORC will share a findings report and de-identified data file (i.e., no respondent names, email, or IP addresses) with WFU. │ 87

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[HOVER TEXT FOR “ENSURE”:] This means that NORC will report findings in aggregate (e.g., summarized findings for all respondents from specific demographic groups) or suppressed (e.g., if particular respondent groups are small, where someone could potentially be identified, NORC will not report fewer than 10 responses). For those taking the survey using a shared device (for example, mobile or computer used by multiple people), we recommend completing the survey in a single session to protect your privacy. If you are the only user of the device, then you can pause and return to the survey. If you have any questions about the survey, your participation in it, or if you experience any technical issues while taking the survey, please contact the NORC research team at WFUsurvey@norc.org. [RESPONSE REQUIRED] CONSENT. By continuing with the survey, you are granting consent to participate. If you wish to participate in this survey, select “I AGREE.” If you do not wish to participate in this survey, select “I DISAGREE.” After making a selection, press the arrow at the bottom of the page. Response options: 1. I agree and want to participate in the survey. 2. I disagree and do not want to participate in the survey. [EXIT SURVEY] Wake Forest University Campus Resources

Confidential: Safe Office 24/7 Helpline - 336-758-5285 safe@WFU.edu (non-urgent) University Counseling Center 24/7 - 336-758-5273 Office of the Chaplain 336-758-5210 Family Services, Inc. (community resource) 24/7 crisis line - 336-722-4457 info@fsifamily.org Wake Athletics Behavioral Health and Performance 336-777-6559

Non-confidential: Title IX Office 336-758-7258 titleixcoordinator@WFU.edu Intercultural Center 336-758-5864 interculturalcenter@WFU.edu LGBTQ+ Center 336-758-4665 lgbtq@WFU.edu Women's Center 336-758-4053 womenscenter@WFU.edu Care Case Management 336-758-2273 care@WFU.edu Office of Wellbeing 336-758-3089 wellbeing@WFU.edu

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Section A. Background TEXT1. First, we’d like to ask you a few questions about your background. [RESPONSE REQUIRED] AGESCREEN. How old are you? [DROP DOWN LIST] Under 18 18-39, by single year 40+ [IF AGESCREEN = Under 18] TEXT2. “We are sorry, but the survey can only be completed by students who are at least 18 years old. Thank you for your interest in our survey. We appreciate your time.” [EXIT SURVEY] [RESPONSE REQUIRED] ENROLLSCREEN. During Fall 2025 (or during Spring 2026) were you (will you be) enrolled in any in-person credit hours at Wake Forest University’s Reynolda Campus? Yes No [IF ENROLLSCREEN = NO] TEXT3. “We are sorry, but the survey is only for students enrolled in in-person credit hours at Wake Forest University’s Reynolda Campus. Thank you for your interest in our survey. We appreciate your time.” [EXIT SURVEY] A2. Which of the following best describes your current student affiliation with Wake Forest University? Undergraduate [CONTINUE] Graduate [GO TO A4] Professional [GO TO A4] [IF BLANK THEN GO TO A5] A3. [If A2 = UNDERGRADUATE] What is your class year in school? Answer on the basis of the number of credits you have earned. 1st year [GO TO A5] 2nd year [GO TO A5] 3rd year [GO TO A5] 4th year or higher [GO TO A5] [IF BLANK THEN GO TO A5]

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A4. [IF A2 = GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL] What year are you in your program? Answer on the basis of the number of years enrolled in the graduate or professional academic program. 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year or higher A5. In which college or school at Wake Forest University are you enrolled? If you are enrolled in more than one, choose the school that you consider your primary affiliation (for example, most credits, college of main advisor). [DISPLAY IF A2 = Undergraduate] Undergraduate College [DISPLAY IF A2 = Undergraduate OR Graduate or Professional] The Business School [DISPLAY IF A2 = Graduate or Professional] Graduate School of Arts & Sciences [DISPLAY IF A2 = Graduate or Professional] The Divinity School [DISPLAY IF A2 = Graduate or Professional] The Law School [DISPLAY IF A2 = Graduate or Professional] School of Professional Studies [DISPLAY IF A2 = Graduate or Professional] School of Medicine [IF A5 = School of Professional Studies] TEXT4. “We are sorry, but the survey is not for students enrolled in Wake Forest University’s School of Professional Studies. Thank you for your interest in our survey. We appreciate your time.” [EXIT SURVEY] [IF A5 = School of Medicine] TEXT5. “We are sorry, but the survey is not for students enrolled in Wake Forest University’s School of Medicine. Thank you for your interest in our survey. We appreciate your time.” [EXIT SURVEY] A6. In what year did you first enroll as a student at Wake Forest University? [DROP DOWN LIST] Prior to 2021 2021 – 2026 by single year A6a. [IF A2 = GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL] Did you first enroll at Wake Forest University as an undergraduate student? Yes [GO TO A6b] No [SKIP TO A8] A6b. [IF A6a = YES] What year did you enroll at Wake Forest University as a graduate or professional student? [DROP DOWN LIST] │ 90

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Prior to 2021 2021 – 2026 by single year A8. Please select any of the following that best represents your background: (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] American Indian or Alaska Native Asian: East Asian (for example, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, Taiwanese) Asian: South Asian (for example, Afghan, Bangladeshi, Indian, Nepalese, Pakistani, Sri Lankan) Asian: Southeast Asian (for example, Cambodian, Filipino/a/x, Hmong, Indonesian, Thai, Vietnamese) Asian: Another Asian group Black: African Black: African American/Black Black: Caribbean Black: Another Black group Hispanic or Latina/o/e/x: Mexican American/Chicana/o/e/x Hispanic or Latina/o/e/x: Cuban Hispanic or Latina/o/e/x: Puerto Rican Hispanic or Latina/o/e/x: Central American Hispanic or Latina/o/e/x: South American Hispanic or Latina/o/e/x: Another Hispanic or Latina/o/e/x group Middle Eastern or North African Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander White: European White: Another White group Not listed. I describe myself as (please specify) ________________ [WRITE-IN RESPONSE] Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] A10. Are you an international student at Wake Forest University? (An international student is

someone who is enrolled at Wake Forest University on a temporary visa; they are not an immigrant, refugee, or undocumented individual.) Yes No Prefer not to answer A11a. What sex were you assigned at birth, on your original birth certificate? (Select one.) Female Male Don’t know Prefer not to answer

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A11b. Which best describes your personal or preferred gender identity? Agender Genderfluid Genderqueer Man Nonbinary Trans man (female-to-male) Trans woman (male-to-female) Woman Questioning or unsure Not listed. I describe myself as (please specify): ___________ [WRITE-IN RESPONSE] Prefer not to answer A12. Do you consider yourself to be (Mark all that apply.): [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Asexual Bisexual Gay Heterosexual/Straight Lesbian Queer Questioning or unsure Pansexual Not listed. I consider myself (please specify) ___________ [WRITE-IN RESPONSE] Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] A13. Since you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you been in any of these partnered relationships? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Marriage or civil union Domestic partnership, cohabitation, or nesting Steady or serious romantic, physical, and/or sexual relationship Other ongoing relationship involving physical or sexual contact Have not been in any partnered relationship [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Another option not listed Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] A14. Which of the following describes your current relationship status? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Marriage or civil union Divorced or separated Domestic partnership, cohabitation, or nesting Steady or serious romantic, physical, and/or sexual relationship Other ongoing relationship involving physical or sexual contact Not currently in any partnered relationship [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] │ 92

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Another option not listed Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] A15a. Have you been diagnosed (or self-diagnosed) with any of the following? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] ADHD Autism spectrum disorder Chronic medical condition (for example, chronic pain, cystic fibrosis, diabetes) Chronic mental health condition (for example, anxiety, depression, PTSD) Learning disability Mobility-related disability (for example, spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy) Sensory disability (for example, hard of hearing, low vision) Another disability or chronic condition not listed None of the above [SKIP TO A16] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [SKIP TO A16] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] A15. [IF A15a = ANY EXCEPT None of the above OR Prefer not to answer] Have you registered with Wake Forest University’s Center for Learning, Access, and Student Success (CLASS)? Yes No Don’t know Prefer not to answer A16. Since you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you been a member of or participated in any of the following? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Intercollegiate Athletics Intramurals Club Sports Residence Life Staff Music, Art and Performance Group (e.g., Theater, Band, Demon Divas, Lilting Banshee Comedy Troupe) Fraternity/Sorority Life Outdoor Pursuits Trips Study Aboard Programs Governing Body (e.g., Student Government) Spiritual or Faith-based Group (e.g., Baptist Student Union, Campus Ministry) Academic, Pre-Professional or Honor Society (e.g., Anthropology Club, Management Consulting Club, disciplinary honor society) Community Service Club (e.g., Best Buddies, Campus Kitchen) Intercultural and Multicultural Group (e.g., African and Caribbean Students Association, Chinese Culture Club) Media Group (e.g., Her Campus, The Howler, Wake Radio) Political Group (e.g., College Republicans/Democrats, Young Americans for Freedom) Another type or category of group or activity not listed │ 93

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None of the above [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] A17. Which of the following best describes your current living situation? On-campus – apartment/single/double On-campus – residence hall Off-campus apartment/house with others from sorority or fraternity Off-campus apartment/house with at least one other WFU student Off-campus apartment/house with no other WFU students Off-campus apartment/house by myself Section C. Knowledge of Resources TEXT6. “Sexual assault” and “sexual misconduct” refer to a range of behaviors that are nonconsensual or unwanted. These behaviors include any sexual act directed against another person, without the consent of that person, including instances where the person is incapable of giving consent. This could include threats of force, or offers of aids, benefits, or services, to get someone to engage in sexual behavior such as nonconsensual or unwanted touching, sexual penetration, oral sex, anal sex or attempts to engage in these behaviors. This could also include remarks based on physical appearance or persistent sexual advances. These behaviors could be initiated by someone known or unknown including someone you are in or have been in a relationship with. The next questions ask about the services and resources offered by Wake Forest University for those affected by sexual assault and other sexual misconduct. [HOVER TEXT FOR “CONSENT”:] At Wake Forest University, the Title IX & Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct Policy & Grievance Process defines “consent” as permission for something to happen or agreement to do something. For example, a person consents to sexual activity if/when they give permission for the activity to occur or agree to engage in the activity. Consent is unambiguous, informed, active (not passive), voluntary (freely given), mutually understandable words and/or actions that indicate a willingness to participate in the sexual activity. C1. Are you aware of the services and resources provided by the following? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] CARE Case Managers Compliance Hotline Deacon Health Intercultural Center LGBTQ+ Center Office of the Chaplain Office of Wellbeing │ 94

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Respondent Support Safe Office Title IX Coordinator University Counseling Center University Police Women’s Center None of the Above [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] C2a. How knowledgeable are you about how sexual assault and other sexual misconduct are defined at Wake Forest University? Not at all knowledgeable A little knowledgeable Somewhat knowledgeable Very knowledgeable Extremely knowledgeable C2b. How knowledgeable are you about where to get help at Wake Forest University if you or a friend experienced sexual assault or other sexual misconduct? Not at all knowledgeable A little knowledgeable Somewhat knowledgeable Very knowledgeable Extremely knowledgeable C2c. How knowledgeable are you about where to make a report of sexual assault or other sexual misconduct at Wake Forest University? Not at all knowledgeable A little knowledgeable Somewhat knowledgeable Very knowledgeable Extremely knowledgeable C2d. How knowledgeable are you about what happens when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or other sexual misconduct at Wake Forest University? Not at all knowledgeable A little knowledgeable Somewhat knowledgeable Very knowledgeable Extremely knowledgeable

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Section J: Digital Sexual Misconduct TEXT7. The next questions ask about any unwanted, nonconsensual sexual behavior carried out through digital or online technologies. Digital or online technologies include smartphones, computers, tablets, apps, the internet, social media, email, online course materials, streaming services, smart devices, and similar technologies. [PROGRAMMING NOTE: PLACE J1 AND J2 ON SAME SCREEN] J1. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone used digital or online technologies to communicate offensive or unwanted sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos to you? Yes No J2. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone used digital or online technologies to communicate offensive or unwanted sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos about you? Yes No J3. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone made recurring sexual requests or advances to you using digital or online technologies? Yes No J5. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you suspected that someone has tracked or made recurring contact with you of a sexual nature and in unwanted ways using digital or online technologies? Yes No [PROGRAMMING NOTE: PLACE J6 AND J7 ON SAME SCREEN] J6. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone threatened (regardless of whether it actually happened) to share sexually explicit messages, pictures, or videos of you on social media or elsewhere online? Yes No J7. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone shared sexually explicit messages, pictures, or videos of you on social media or elsewhere online? Yes No │ 96

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J8. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone requested revealing or nude photos of you, and then attempted to use those photos to get something from you (for example, sex, favors, or money)? Yes No J9. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone threatened to release revealing or nude photos of you to ruin your reputation or future plans? Yes No J10. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone pressured you to send sexual content or engage in sexual acts digitally or online? Yes No J11. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone recorded and/or distributed sexual content without your permission (for example, using hidden cameras, screenshots, or screen recordings)? Yes No J12. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone digitally altered images of you (for example, using artificial intelligence, deepfake, or other applications that digitally alter something) to create sexual content without your permission? Yes No

BOX J1 IF YES TO ANY QUESTION J1 – J12, CONTINUE ELSE GO TO D

TEXT8. You said that the following happened to you while you’ve been a student at Wake Forest University: • [DISPLAY IF J1 = YES] Someone used digital or online technologies to communicate offensive or unwanted sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos to you • [DISPLAY IF J2 = YES] Someone used digital or online technologies to communicate offensive or unwanted sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures, or videos about you • [DISPLAY IF J3 = YES] Someone made recurring sexual requests or advances to you using digital or online technologies │ 97

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• [DISPLAY IF J5 = YES] You suspected that someone has tracked or made recurring contact with you of a sexual nature and in unwanted ways using digital or online technologies • [DISPLAY IF J6 = YES] Someone threatened (regardless of whether it actually happened) to share sexually explicit messages, pictures, or videos of you on social media or elsewhere online • [DISPLAY IF J7 = YES] Someone shared sexually explicit messages, pictures, or videos of you on social media or elsewhere online • [DISPLAY IF J8 = YES] Someone requested revealing or nude photos of you, and then attempted to use those photos to get something from you (for example, sex, favors, or money) • [DISPLAY IF J9 = YES] Someone threatened to release revealing or nude photos of you to ruin your reputation or future plans • [DISPLAY IF J10 = YES] Someone pressured you to send sexual content or engage in sexual acts digitally or online • [DISPLAY IF J11 = YES] Someone recorded and/or distributed sexual content without your permission (for example, using hidden cameras, screenshots, or screen recordings) • [DISPLAY IF J12 = YES] Someone digitally altered images of you (for example, using artificial intelligence, deepfake, or other applications that digitally alter something) to create sexual content without your permission J14. Did any of these unwanted contacts or behaviors make you fear for your safety or the safety of someone close to you? Yes No J15. Did any of these unwanted contacts or behaviors cause you substantial emotional distress? Yes No J16. Were any of the people that did this to you… [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Man Woman Other gender identity Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] J17. How (is the person/are the persons) who did these things to you associated with Wake Forest University? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Undergraduate student Student teaching assistant Faculty or instructor Graduate advisor │ 98

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Research staff Postdoctoral fellow Graduate student Coach or trainer Alumni Wake Forest University police or security officer Winston-Salem police officer Other Wake Forest University staff or administrator Other person associated with Wake Forest University The person was not associated with Wake Forest University Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] J18. At the time of these events, what (was the person's/were the persons') relationship to you? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Someone I was involved or intimate with at the time Someone I previously had been involved or intimate with Teacher Advisor Mentor Someone I was teaching or advising Live-in residential staff Coach or trainer Boss or supervisor Co-worker Friend Classmate Roommate Online/social media (for example, Instagram, X, WhatsApp, Discord, Telegram, group messaging applications) Anonymous online platforms (such as Fizz or Yik Yak) Someone I know or recognize, but was not a friend No prior relationship Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] J19. Since the beginning of the Fall 2025 term, how many times have you experienced this behavior carried out through digital or online technologies? Once A few times spread out since the beginning of the Fall 2025 term A few times clustered during a specific period (for example, within a week, month, or season) Monthly or more often Weekly or more often │ 99

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Daily or almost daily Don’t know Prefer not to answer J20. Since you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you contacted any of the following about any of these experiences? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] CARE Case Managers Compliance Hotline Deacon Health Intercultural Center LGBTQ+ Center Office of the Chaplain Office of Wellbeing Respondent Support Safe Office Title IX Coordinator University Counseling Center University Police Women’s Center Off-campus resource None of the above [GO TO J21] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [GO TO J22] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] [IF BLANK GO TO J22] HH5. [DISPLAY IF AT LEAST ONE PROGRAM SELECTED IN J20] You said that you contacted the following programs. How useful were they in helping you? [MATRIX WITH SELECTED PROGRAMS FROM J20 CARRIED FORWARD] Not at all useful A little useful Somewhat useful Very useful Extremely useful Prefer not to answer J21. [IF J20 = NONE OF THE ABOVE] Why did you decide not to contact any of these programs or resources? (Mark all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘OTHER’ ‘DON’T KNOW’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I did not know where to go or who to tell I did not know how to file a formal complaint I felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources │ 100

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I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative academic, social or professional consequences I feared it would not be kept confidential I could handle it myself I feared retaliation I didn’t think these resources would give me the help I needed Incident occurred while school was not in session I didn't trust any resource associated with the university I did not want any action taken I felt that other people might think that what happened was at least partly my fault I was concerned I would be treated poorly I was concerned that no action would be taken I felt I might get arrested or in trouble for some reason The event happened in a context that began consensually I was too busy Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood Alcohol and/or other drugs were present Other Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE]

BOX J2 IF J21= ’NOT SERIOUS ENOUGH’ OR ‘OTHER’ THEN CONTINUE ELSE SKIP TO D J21a. You said you did not contact any of these programs or resources (because it was not serious enough/for an ‘other’ reason/because it was not serious enough and for an ‘other’ reason). Please review the list below and mark any of the reasons that may better describe why you didn’t contact any of these programs or resources. (Mark all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘OTHER’ ‘DON’T KNOW’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I was not physically injured or hurt I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt The reaction by others suggested that it wasn’t serious enough to contact any of these programs or services The event happened in a context that began consensually I was too busy I was concerned I might be counter-accused Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood Events like this seem common │ 101

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Alcohol and/or other drugs were present My body showed involuntary arousal I did not fight back Other: [WRITE-IN RESPONSE] Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] J22. Which of the following persons, if any, did you (also) tell about this? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Friend Family member Faculty member or instructor Resident advisor (RA), or other live-in residential staff Coach/trainer Other administrative staff Spiritual or religious advisor, leader, or clergy Therapist or counselor Sexual or romantic partner Program or resource outside the University (e.g., a hotline) Physician Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] TEXT9. The next few sections of the survey ask about various types of behaviors you may have experienced at Wake Forest University that occurred without using digital or online technologies (for example, behaviors that did not involve smartphones, computers, tablets, apps, the internet, social media, email, streaming services, online payments, smart devices, and similar tools). Section D. Sexual Harassment TEXT10. These next questions ask about unwanted behaviors of a sexual nature you may have experienced without using digital or online technologies while a student at Wake Forest University. D1. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has a student, or someone employed by or otherwise associated with Wake Forest University made sexual remarks or told sexual jokes or sexual stories that were insulting or offensive to you? Yes No D2. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has a student, or someone employed by or otherwise associated with Wake Forest University made inappropriate or offensive comments about your or someone else’s body, appearance or sexual activities? Yes │ 102

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No D3. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has a student, or someone employed by or otherwise associated with Wake Forest University said crude or gross sexual things to you or tried to get you to talk about sexual matters when you didn’t want to? Yes No D5. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has a student, or someone employed by or otherwise associated with Wake Forest University continued to ask you to go out, get dinner, have drinks or have sex even though you said, “No”? Yes No

BOX D1 IF YES TO ANY QUESTION D1 – D5, CONTINUE ELSE GO TO E TEXT11. You said that the following happened to you while you’ve been a student at Wake Forest University: • [DISPLAY IF D1 = YES] Someone made sexual remarks or told sexual jokes or stories that were insulting or offensive • [DISPLAY IF D2 = YES] Someone made inappropriate offensive comments about your or someone else’s body, appearance or sexual activities • [DISPLAY IF D3 = YES] Someone said crude or gross sexual things to you or made unwelcomed attempts to get you to talk about sexual matters • [DISPLAY IF D5 = YES] Someone continued to ask you to go out, get dinner, have drinks or have sex even though you said, “No” D5a. Did (this/any of these) experience(s) affect you in any of the following ways? (Mark all

that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Interfered with your academic or professional performance Limited your ability to participate in an academic program Created an intimidating, hostile or offensive social, academic or work environment None of the above [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] D6. How many different people behaved this way? 1 person [GO TO D6a] 2 persons [SKIP TO D6b] 3 or more persons [SKIP TO D6b] [IF BLANK SKIP TO D6b] │ 103

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D6a. [IF 1 PERSON] Was the person that did this to you… Man Woman Other gender identity Don’t know Prefer not to answer [FOR ANY RESPONSE OR IF BLANK SKIP TO D7] D6b. [IF >1 PERSON OR BLANK] Were any of the people that did this to you… [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Man Woman Other gender identity Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] D7. How (was the person/were the persons) who behaved (this way/these ways) associated with Wake Forest University? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Undergraduate student Student teaching assistant Faculty or instructor Graduate advisor Research staff Postdoctoral fellow Graduate student Coach or trainer Alumni Wake Forest University police or security officer Winston-Salem police officer Other Wake Forest University staff or administrator Other person associated with Wake Forest University The person was not associated with Wake Forest University Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] D8. At the time of (this event/these events), what (was the person’s/ were these persons’) relationship to you? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Someone I was involved or intimate with at the time Someone I previously had been involved or intimate with Teacher Advisor Mentor Someone I was teaching or advising │ 104

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Live-in residential staff Coach or trainer Boss or supervisor Co-worker Friend Classmate Roommate Online/social media (for example, Instagram, X, WhatsApp, Discord, Telegram, group messaging applications) Anonymous online platforms (such as Fizz or Yik Yak) Someone I know or recognize, but was not a friend No prior relationship Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] D9. Since the beginning of the Fall 2025 term, how many times has someone behaved this way? Once A few times spread out since the beginning of the Fall 2025 term A few times clustered during a specific period (for example, within a week, month, or season) Monthly or more often Weekly or more often Daily or almost daily Don’t know Prefer not to answer D10. Since you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you contacted any of the following about this experience? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] CARE Case Managers Compliance Hotline Deacon Health Intercultural Center LGBTQ+ Center Office of the Chaplain Office of Wellbeing Respondent Support Safe Office Title IX Coordinator University Counseling Center University Police Women’s Center Off-campus resource None of the above [GO TO D13] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] │ 105

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Prefer not to answer [GO TO D14] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] [IF BLANK GO TO D14]

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HH1. [DISPLAY IF AT LEAST ONE PROGRAM SELECTED IN D10] You said that you contacted the following programs. How useful were they in helping you? [MATRIX WITH SELECTED PROGRAMS FROM D10 CARRIED FORWARD] Not at all useful A little useful Somewhat useful Very useful Extremely useful Prefer not to answer D13. [IF D10 = NONE OF THE ABOVE] Why did you decide not to contact any of these programs or resources? (Mark all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘OTHER’ ‘DON’T KNOW’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I did not know where to go or who to tell I did not know how to file a formal complaint I felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative academic, social or professional consequences I feared it would not be kept confidential I could handle it myself I feared retaliation I didn’t think these resources would give me the help I needed Incident occurred while school was not in session I didn't trust any resource associated with the university I did not want any action taken I felt that other people might think that what happened was at least partly my fault I was concerned I would be treated poorly I was concerned that no action would be taken I felt I might get arrested or in trouble for some reason The event happened in a context that began consensually I was too busy Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood Alcohol and/or other drugs were present Other Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE]

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BOX D4 IF D13= ’NOT SERIOUS ENOUGH’ OR ‘OTHER’ THEN CONTINUE ELSE SKIP TO D14 D13a. You said you did not contact any of these programs or resources (because it was not serious enough/for an ‘other’ reason/because it was not serious enough and for an ‘other’ reason). Please review the list below and mark any of the reasons that may better describe why you didn’t contact any of these programs or resources. (Mark all

that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘OTHER’ ‘DON’T KNOW’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I was not physically injured or hurt I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt The reaction by others suggested that it wasn’t serious enough to contact any of these programs or services The event happened in a context that began consensually I was too busy I was concerned I might be counter-accused Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood Events like this seem common Alcohol and/or other drugs were present My body showed involuntary arousal I did not fight back Other: [WRITE-IN RESPONSE] Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] D14. Which of the following persons, if any, did you (also) tell about this? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Friend Family member Faculty member or instructor Resident advisor (RA), or other live-in residential staff Coach/trainer Other administrative staff Spiritual or religious advisor, leader, or clergy Therapist or counselor Sexual or romantic partner Program or resource outside the University (e.g., a hotline) Physician Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] │ 108

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Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE]

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Section E. Stalking TEXT12. The next questions ask about instances where someone behaved in a way that made you afraid for your personal safety or caused you substantial emotional distress. [PROGRAMMING NOTE: ‘DID THE SAME PERSON” ITEMS SHOULD APPEAR ON SAME PAGE AS PRECEDING ITEM, IF ‘YES’ IS SELECTED] E3. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone showed up somewhere uninvited or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there? Yes [Show E3a] No E3a. [IF E3 = YES] Did the same person do this to you more than once since you have been a student at Wake Forest University? Yes No Don’t know E4. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone spied on, watched or followed you in person? Yes [Show E4a] No E4a. [IF E4 = YES] Did the same person do this to you more than once since you have been a student at Wake Forest University? Yes No Don’t know IF YES TO ANY QUESTION E3 – E4, CONTINUE ELSE IF A13 = 1 – 6 (any partnered relationship), go to section F IF A13 = 7 or MISSING, go to section G E5a. Did any of these unwanted contacts or behaviors make you fear for your safety or the safety of someone close to you? Yes No E5b. Did any of these unwanted contacts or behaviors cause you substantial emotional distress? Yes No │ 110

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E5d. Were any of the people that did this to you… [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Man Woman Other gender identity Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] E6. How (is the person/are the persons) who did these things to you associated with Wake Forest University? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Undergraduate student Student teaching assistant Faculty or instructor Graduate advisor Research staff Postdoctoral fellow Graduate student Coach or trainer Alumni Wake Forest University police or security officer Winston-Salem police officer Other Wake Forest University staff or administrator Other person associated with Wake Forest University The person was not associated with Wake Forest University Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] E7. At the time of these events, what (was the person's/were the persons') relationship to you? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Someone I was involved or intimate with at the time Someone I previously had been involved or intimate with Teacher Advisor Mentor Someone I was teaching or advising Live-in residential staff Coach or trainer Boss or supervisor Co-worker Friend Classmate Roommate │ 111

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Online/social media (for example, Instagram, X, WhatsApp, Discord, Telegram, group messaging applications) Anonymous online platforms (such as Fizz or Yik Yak) Someone I know or recognize, but was not a friend No prior relationship Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] E8. Did this incident occur: On a WFU campus location On a study abroad or study away location Some other place E9. Since the beginning of the Fall 2025 term, how many times have you experienced this unwanted contact or behavior? Once A few times spread out since the beginning of the Fall 2025 term A few times clustered during a specific period (for example, within a week, month, or season) Monthly or more often Weekly or more often Daily or almost daily Don’t know Prefer not to answer E10. Since you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you contacted any of the following about any of these experiences? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] CARE Case Managers Compliance Hotline Deacon Health Intercultural Center LGBTQ+ Center Office of the Chaplain Office of Wellbeing Respondent Support Safe Office Title IX Coordinator University Counseling Center University Police Women’s Center Off-campus resource None of the above [GO TO E11] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [GO TO E12] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] [IF BLANK GO TO E12] │ 112

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HH2. [DISPLAY IF AT LEAST ONE PROGRAM SELECTED IN E10] You said that you contacted the following programs. How useful were they in helping you? [MATRIX WITH SELECTED PROGRAMS FROM E10 CARRIED FORWARD] Not at all useful A little useful Somewhat useful Very useful Extremely useful Prefer not to answer E11. [IF E10 = NONE OF THE ABOVE] Why did you decide not to contact any of these programs or resources? (Mark all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘OTHER’ ‘DON’T KNOW’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I did not know where to go or who to tell I did not know how to file a formal complaint I felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative academic, social or professional consequences I feared it would not be kept confidential I could handle it myself I feared retaliation I didn’t think these resources would give me the help I needed Incident occurred while school was not in session I didn't trust any resource associated with the university I did not want any action taken I felt that other people might think that what happened was at least partly my fault I was concerned I would be treated poorly I was concerned that no action would be taken I felt I might get arrested or in trouble for some reason The event happened in a context that began consensually I was too busy Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood Alcohol and/or other drugs were present Other Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE]

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BOX E4 IF E11= ’NOT SERIOUS ENOUGH’ OR ‘OTHER’ THEN CONTINUE ELSE SKIP TO E12

E11a. You

said you did not contact any of these programs or resources (because it was not serious enough/for an ‘other’ reason/because it was not serious enough and for an ‘other’ reason). Please review the list below and mark any of the reasons that may better describe why you didn’t contact any of these programs or resources. (Mark all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘OTHER’ ‘DON’T KNOW’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I was not physically injured or hurt I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt The reaction by others suggested that it wasn’t serious enough to contact any of these programs or services The event happened in a context that began consensually I was too busy I was concerned I might be counter-accused Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood Events like this seem common Alcohol and/or other drugs were present My body showed involuntary arousal I did not fight back Other: [WRITE-IN RESPONSE] Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] E12. Which of the following persons, if any, did you (also) tell about this? (Mark all that apply) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Friend Family member Faculty member or instructor Resident advisor (RA), or other live-in residential staff Coach/trainer Other administrative staff Spiritual or religious advisor, leader, or clergy Therapist or counselor Sexual or romantic partner Program or resource outside the University (e.g., a hotline) Physician Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] │ 114

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BOX F0 IF A13 = 1-6 (PRIOR RELATIONSHIP) GO TO F1 ELSE SKIP TO G1 Section F. Intimate Partner Violence and/or Dating Violence TEXT13. Earlier in the survey, you indicated that you have been in a partnered relationship at least part of the time since you have been a student at Wake Forest University. Recall that a partnered relationship can be any of the following: − Marriage or civil union − Domestic partnership, cohabitation, or nesting − Steady or serious romantic, physical, and/or sexual relationship − Other ongoing relationship involving physical or sexual contact People treat their partners in many different ways. The next section asks you questions about your relationship(s) with your partner(s). F1. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has a partner controlled or tried to control you? Examples could be when someone: • kept you from going to classes or pursuing your educational goals • did not allow you to see or talk with friends or family • made decisions for you such as, where you go or what you wear or eat controlled your money or how you spend it had access to your passwords or tracked your location consistently in unwanted ways • threatened to “out” you to others Yes No F2. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has a partner threatened to physically harm you, someone you love, or himself/herself/themself? Yes No F3. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has a partner used any kind of physical force against you or otherwise physically hurt or injured you? Examples could be when someone: •

bent your fingers or bit you

•

hit, choked, slapped, punched or kicked you

•

hit/attacked you with a weapon (with something other than a fist)

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BOX F1 IF F1=YES OR F2=YES OR F3=YES, THEN GO TO F4 ELSE SKIP TO G1

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TEXT14. You said that the following happened to you while you’ve been a student at Wake Forest University: • [DISPLAY IF F1 = YES] A partner controlled or tried to control you • [DISPLAY IF F2 = YES] A partner threatened to physically harm you or someone you love • [DISPLAY IF F3 = YES] A partner used physical force against you F4. How many different partners treated you this way? 1 partner [GO TO F4a] 2 partners [SKIP TO F4b] 3 or more partners [SKIP TO F4b] [IF BLANK SKIP TO F4b] F4a. [IF 1 PERSON] Was the person that did this to you… Man Woman Other gender identity Don’t know Prefer not to answer [FOR ANY RESPONSE OR IF BLANK SKIP TO F4c] F4b. [IF >1 PERSON] Were any of the people that did this to you… Man Woman Other gender identity Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] F4c. Did this incident occur: On a (University) campus location On a study abroad or study away location Some other place F5. Were you physically injured as a result of (this incident/any of these incidents)? Yes No F7. Since the beginning of the Fall 2025 term, how many times have you (had this experience/had any of these experiences)? Once A few times spread out since the beginning of the Fall 2025 term A few times clustered during a specific period (for example, within a week, month, or season) Monthly or more often Weekly or more often │ 117

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Daily or almost daily Don’t know Prefer not to answer F8. Since you have been a student at Wake Forest University, have you contacted any of the following about (this experience/any of these experiences)? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] CARE Case Managers Compliance Hotline Deacon Health Intercultural Center LGBTQ+ Center Office of the Chaplain Office of Wellbeing Respondent Support Safe Office Title IX Coordinator University Counseling Center University Police Women’s Center Off-campus resource None of the above [GO TO F11] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [GO TO F12] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] [IF BLANK GO TO F12] HH3. [DISPLAY IF AT LEAST ONE PROGRAM SELECTED IN F8] You said that you contacted the following programs. How useful were they in helping you? [MATRIX WITH SELECTED PROGRAMS FROM F8 CARRIED FORWARD] Not at all useful A little useful Somewhat useful Very useful Extremely useful Prefer not to answer F11. [IF F8 = NONE OF THE ABOVE] Why did you decide not to contact any of these programs or resources? (Mark all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘OTHER’ OPTION AT BOTTOM] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I did not know where to go or who to tell I did not know how to file a formal complaint I felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources │ 118

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BOX F4 IF F11= ’NOT SERIOUS ENOUGH’ OR ‘OTHER’ THEN CONTINUE ELSE SKIP TO F12 F11a. You said you did not contact any of these programs or resources (because it was not serious enough/for an ‘other’ reason/because it was not serious enough and for an ‘other’ reason). Please review the list below and mark any of the reasons that may better describe why you didn’t contact any of these programs or resources. (Mark all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘OTHER’ ‘DON’T KNOW’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I was not physically injured or hurt I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt The reaction by others suggested that it wasn’t serious enough to contact any of these programs or services The event happened in a context that began consensually I was too busy I was concerned I might be counter-accused Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood Events like this seem common Alcohol and/or other drugs were present │ 119

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My body showed involuntary arousal I did not fight back Other: [WRITE-IN RESPONSE] Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] F12. Which of the following persons, if any, did you (also) tell about this? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Friend Family member Faculty member or instructor Resident advisor (RA), or other live-in residential staff Coach/trainer Other administrative staff Spiritual or religious advisor, leader, or clergy Therapist or counselor Sexual or romantic partner Program or resource outside the University (e.g., a hotline) Physician Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Section G. SV Screener TEXT15. This next section asks about nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact you may have experienced while attending Wake Forest University. The following questions ask about sexual misconduct that occurred because of physical force, incapacitation due to alcohol and/or drugs, and nonphysical force (coercion). These questions are broken into separate sections. The sexual behavior may have been performed on you or you may have been made to perform the sexual behaviors on another person. The person with whom you had the nonconsensual or unwanted contact could have been someone you know, such as someone you are currently or were in a relationship with, a co-worker, a professor, or a family member. Or it could be someone you do not know. TEXT18. At Wake Forest University, the Title IX & Non-Title IX Sexual Misconduct Policy & Grievance Process defines “consent” as permission for something to happen or agreement to do something. For example, a person consents to sexual activity if/when they give permission for the activity to occur or agree to engage in the activity. Consent is unambiguous, informed, active (not passive), voluntary (freely given), mutually understandable words and/or actions that indicate a willingness to participate in the sexual activity. The next questions ask about incidents that occurred without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement. │ 120

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[PROGRAMMING NOTE: ‘HOW MANY TIMES HAS THIS HAPPENED?” ITEMS SHOULD APPEAR ON SAME PAGE AS PRECEDING ITEM, IF ‘YES’ IS SELECTED] G9. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone kissed or sexually touched you without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement? Examples include: • initiating sexual activity despite your refusal • ignoring your cues to stop or slow down • went ahead without checking in or while you were still deciding whether you wanted to engage in sexual activity or that specific activity • went ahead while you were frozen (out of confusion, disbelief, fear, etc.) • otherwise failed to obtain your consent Yes [Show G9a] No G9a. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, how many times has this happened? 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times G8. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone had contact with you involving penetration or oral sex without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement? Examples include someone: • initiating sexual activity despite your refusal • ignoring your cues to stop or slow down • went ahead without checking in or while you were still deciding whether you wanted to engage in sexual activity or that specific activity • went ahead while you were frozen (out of confusion, disbelief, fear, etc.) • otherwise failed to obtain your consent Yes [Show G8a] No G8a. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, how many times has this happened? 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times

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TEXT17. The next set of questions ask about incidents that involved force or threats of force against you. Force could include someone using their body weight to hold you down, pinning your arms, hitting or kicking you, or using or threatening to use a weapon against you. G6. While you have been attending Wake Forest University, has someone used physical force or threats of physical force in an unsuccessful attempt to do any of the following with you: • Sexual penetration. When one person puts a penis, finger, or object inside someone else’s vagina or anus • Oral sex. When someone’s mouth or tongue makes contact with someone else’s genitals Yes [Show G6a] No G6a. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, how many times has this happened? 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times G7. While you have been attending Wake Forest University, has someone used physical force or threats of physical force to do any of the following with you: • kissing • touching someone’s breast, chest, crotch, groin or buttocks • grabbing, groping or rubbing against the other in a sexual way, even if the touching is over the other’s clothes Yes [Show G7a] No G7a. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, how many times has this happened? 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times G5. While you have been attending Wake Forest University, has someone used physical force or threats of physical force to do the following with you: • Sexual penetration. When one person puts a penis, fingers, or object inside someone else’s vagina or anus, or • Oral sex. When someone’s mouth or tongue makes contact with someone else’s genitals Yes [Show G5a] No │ 122

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G5a. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, how many times has this happened? 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times The next set of questions ask about incidents when someone coerced you by threatening serious non-physical harm or promising rewards. G2. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone had contact with you involving kissing or other sexual touching by threatening serious non-physical harm or promising rewards such that you felt you must comply? Examples include: • Threatening to give you bad grades or cause trouble for you at work • Promise good grades or a promotion at work • Threatening to share damaging information about you with your family, friends or authority figures • Threatening to post damaging information about you online Yes [Show G2a] No G2a. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, how many times has this happened? 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times G1. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, has someone had contact with you involving penetration (when one puts a penis, finger, or object inside someone else's vagina or anus) or oral sex (when someone's mouth or tongue makes contact with someone else's genitals) by threatening serious non-physical harm or promising rewards such that you felt you must comply? Examples include: • Threatening to give you bad grades or cause trouble for you at work • Promising good grades or a promotion at work • Threatening to share damaging information about you with your family, friends or authority figures • Threatening to post damaging information about you online Yes [Show G1a] No G1a. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, how many times has this happened? │ 123

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1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times

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TEXT16. The next questions ask about incidents when you were unable to consent or stop what was happening because you were incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep. These situations might include times that you voluntarily consumed alcohol or drugs and times that you were given alcohol or drugs without your knowledge or consent. Please include incidents even if you are not sure what happened. G4. While you have been attending Wake Forest University, has any of the following happened to you while you were unable to consent or stop what was happening because you were incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep: • kissing • touching someone’s breast, chest, crotch, groin, or buttocks • grabbing, groping or rubbing against the other in a sexual way, even if the touching is over the other’s clothes Yes [Show G4a] No G4a. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, how many times has this happened? 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times G3. While you have been attending Wake Forest University, has any of the following happened to you while you were unable to consent or stop what was happening because you were incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep: Sexual penetration. When one person puts a penis, finger, or object inside someone else’s vagina or anus Oral sex. When someone’s mouth or tongue makes contact with someone else’s genitals Yes [Show G3a] No G3a. While you have been a student at Wake Forest University, how many times has this happened? 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 or more times

BOX G1 ONCE THE ENTIRE G SECTION (G1-G9) HAS BEEN ANSWERED THEN GO TO ATTACHMENT 1 [Return here once completed] ELSE GO TO BOX H0 │ 125

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Section H. Sexual Misconduct Prevention Training

BOX H0 IF A6= 2025 or 2026 THEN GO TO H1 IF A6 < 2025 THEN GO TO H2 H1. As an incoming student at Wake Forest University, did you complete any training modules or information sessions about sexual assault or other sexual misconduct? Yes [GO TO H1a] No [GO TO I1] I don’t remember [GO TO I1] [IF BLANK THEN SKIP TO I1] H1a. [IF H1 = YES] What topics did these training modules or information sessions include?

(Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] How sexual assault or other sexual misconduct is defined on campus How to prevent sexual assault or other sexual misconduct Additional training programs on how to prevent sexual assault or other sexual misconduct Where to seek help should you or someone else experience sexual assault or other sexual misconduct The definition of consent and how to initiate consent Bystander intervention Resources on campus related to sexual assault or other sexual misconduct Don’t know [IF ANY RESPONSE OR IF BLANK THEN SKIP TO I1] H2. Since arriving at Wake Forest University, have you completed or attended any trainings, workshops, or modules about relationship and/or sexual violence prevention? Yes [GO TO H2a] No [GO TO I1] I don’t remember [GO TO I1] [IF BLANK THEN CONTINUE TO I1] H2a. [IF H2 = YES] What topics did these training modules or information sessions include?

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Skills for fostering healthy and respectful behaviors Bystander intervention Resources on campus related to sexual assault or other sexual misconduct Don’t know[IF ANY RESPONSE OR IF BLANK THEN GO TO I1] Section I. Perceptions of Climate for Sexual Misconduct Prevention and Response TEXT20. These next questions ask about your perceptions related to your school’s sexual misconduct prevention and response efforts. I1. Indicate the extent that your school is doing the following: [DISPLAY AS MATRIX] This school does not tolerate sexual misconduct. This school takes training in sexual misconduct prevention seriously. This school is educating students about sexual misconduct (e.g., what consent means, how to define sexual assault, how to look out for one another). This school is trying to prevent sexual misconduct from happening. This school is providing needed services to victims of sexual misconduct. This school is holding people accountable for committing sexual misconduct. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know I2. [IF YES TO ANY: J1-J12, D1-D5, E3-E4, F1-F3, OR G1-G9] The following are statements that ask whether Wake Forest University did the following after you experienced any of the events related to sexual misconduct you described in the previous sections. Actively supported you with either formal or informal resources (e.g., counseling,

Yes

N/A

Apologized for what happened to you

Yes

N/A

Believed your report

Yes

N/A

Allowed you to have a say in how your report was handled

Yes

N/A

Ensured you were treated as an important member of the institution

Yes

N/A

Met your needs for support and accommodations

Yes

N/A

Created an environment where this type of experience was safe to discuss

Yes

N/A

academic services, meetings, or phone calls)

TEXT21. The following are statements about what might happen if someone were to report a sexual assault or other sexual misconduct to an official at Wake Forest University.

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I3. If someone were to report a sexual assault or other sexual misconduct to an official at Wake Forest University, how likely is it that campus officials would take the report seriously? Not at all seriously A little seriously Somewhat seriously Very seriously Extremely seriously Don’t know

I4. If someone were to report a sexual assault or other sexual misconduct to an official at Wake Forest University, how likely is it that campus officials would conduct a fair investigation? Not at all likely A little likely Somewhat likely Very likely Extremely likely Don’t know Survey Completion Screen TEXT22. Support Resources [LINKED] You have completed the survey, but your data have not yet been submitted. We greatly appreciate your willingness to share your personal experiences and opinions about some very private and sensitive issues. Thank you. If you or someone you know needs support services related to an experience of sexual assault or other sexual misconduct, click on the “Support Resources” link at the top and bottom of this page for information on how to access support services. Please click on the “Submit” button to submit your completed survey now. Support Resources [LINKED]

Detailed Incident Form Section GA: WFU Detailed Incident Form TEXT19. The following questions ask about what happened during (the/(another) one of the) incident(s) you reported earlier. Sometimes it is difficult to report on these details. The information you provide will help us understand the context and consequences of the incident. Please remember that you can skip any question if you do not want to answer. │ 128

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You said that the following happened to you while you have been a student at Wake Forest University: [Feed in list of experiences with YESes from G1-G9] [DISPLAY IF G9 = YES] Kissing or other sexual touching without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement [DISPLAY IF G8 = YES] Penetration or oral sex without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement [DISPLAY IF G6 = YES] Attempted but not successful penetration or oral sex involving physical force or threats of physical force [DISPLAY IF G7 = YES] Kissing or other sexual touching involving physical force or threats of physical force [DISPLAY IF G5 = YES] Penetration or oral sex involving physical force or threats of physical force [DISPLAY IF G2 = YES] Kissing or other sexual touching when you were coerced by threats of serious non-physical harm or promised rewards [DISPLAY IF G1 = YES] Penetration or oral sex when you were coerced by threats of serious nonphysical harm or promised rewards [DISPLAY IF G4 = YES] Kissing or other sexual touching when you were unable to consent or unable to stop what was happening because you were incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep [DISPLAY IF G3 = YES] Penetration or oral sex when you were unable to consent or unable to stop what was happening because you were incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep G_MOSTAFFEECT. Please select the experience that impacted or affected you the MOST. We will ask you about the experience in additional detail. [DISPLAY IF G9 = YES] Kissing or other sexual touching without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement [DISPLAY IF G8 = YES] Penetration or oral sex without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement [DISPLAY IF G6 = YES] Attempted but not successful penetration or oral sex involving physical force or threats of physical force [DISPLAY IF G7 = YES] Kissing or other sexual touching involving physical force or threats of physical force [DISPLAY IF G5 = YES] Penetration or oral sex involving physical force or threats of physical force [DISPLAY IF G2 = YES] Kissing or other sexual touching when you were coerced by threats of serious non-physical harm or promised rewards [DISPLAY IF G1 = YES] Penetration or oral sex when you were coerced by threats of serious nonphysical harm or promised rewards [DISPLAY IF G4 = YES] Kissing or other sexual touching when you were unable to consent or unable to stop what was happening because you were incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep [DISPLAY IF G3 = YES] Penetration or oral sex when you were unable to consent or unable to stop what was happening because you were incapacitated due to alcohol or drugs, passed out, or asleep GA1. How many people did this to you (during this incident)? 1 person [GO TO GA2a] 2 persons [SKIP TO GA2b] │ 129

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

3 or more persons [SKIP TO GA2b] [IF BLANK SKIP TO GA2b] GA2a. [IF 1 PERSON] Was the person that did this to you … Man Woman Other gender identity Don’t know Prefer not to answer [FOR ANY RESPONSE OR IF BLANK SKIP TO GA3] GA2b. [IF >1 PERSON] Were any of the people that did this to you… [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Man Woman Other gender identity Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] GA3. How (is the person/ are the persons) who did this to you associated with Wake Forest University? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Undergraduate student Student teaching assistant Faculty or instructor Graduate advisor Research staff Postdoctoral fellow Graduate student Coach or trainer Alumni Wake Forest University police or security officer Winston-Salem police officer Other Wake Forest University staff or administrator Other person associated with Wake Forest University The person was not associated with Wake Forest University Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] GA4. At the time of this event, what (was the person’s /were these persons’) relationship to you? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Someone I was involved or intimate with at the time Someone I previously had been involved or intimate with Teacher Advisor │ 130

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Mentor Someone I was teaching or advising Live-in residential staff Coach or trainer Boss or supervisor Co-worker Friend Classmate Roommate Someone I know or recognize, but was not a friend No prior relationship Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] GA5. Before the incident, (was/were) (the person/any of the persons) who did this to you drinking alcohol? Yes No Don’t know Prefer not to answer GA6. Before the incident, (was/were) (the person/any of the persons) who did this to you using drugs? Yes No Don’t know Prefer not to answer GA7. Before the incident were you drinking alcohol? Keep in mind that your use of alcohol in no way absolves a person who acted against your will. Yes No Prefer not to answer GA8. Before the incident did you voluntarily take any drugs? Keep in mind your use of drugs in no way absolves a person who acted against your will. Yes No Prefer not to answer GA9. Before the incident, had you been given alcohol or another drug without your knowledge or consent? Yes, I am certain │ 131

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

I suspect, but I am not certain No Don’t know Prefer not to answer GA10. Were you passed out or asleep for all or parts of this incident? Yes No Don’t know Prefer not to answer GA11a. Did this incident occur during an academic break or recess? Yes No GA12a. Where did this incident occur? University residence hall/dorm Fraternity lounge Sorority lounge Other space used by a single-sex student social organization Other residential housing Classroom, lab or fieldwork setting Faculty or staff office Restaurant, bar or club Other non-residential building Outdoor or recreational space Some other place Prefer not to answer GA12b. Did this incident occur: On a Wake Forest University campus location On a study abroad or study away location Some other place GA13a. Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? (Mark all that

Apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘NONE OF THE ABOVE’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Avoided or tried to avoid the person(s) Fearfulness or being concerned about safety Feelings of helplessness or hopelessness Loss of interest in daily activities Withdrawal from interactions with friends Stopped participating in extracurricular activities Nightmares or trouble sleeping │ 132

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Feeling numb or detached Headaches or stomach aches Eating problems or disorders Increased drug or alcohol use Increase in engaging in risky behaviors, or behaviors that could have caused you or others harm None of the above [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] GA13b. Did you experience any of the following in your academic or professional life? (Mark

all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘NONE OF THE ABOVE’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Decreased class attendance Difficulty concentrating on course projects, assignments, or exams Difficulty concentrating on thesis/dissertation research or lab/clinical duties Difficulty going to work Withdrew from some or all classes Changed my residence or housing situation Changed my career plan Considered dropping out of school Changed my major or college None of the above [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] GA16. Have you ever contacted any of the following about this experience? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] CARE Case Managers Compliance Hotline Deacon Health Intercultural Center LGBTQ+ Center Office of the Chaplain Office of Wellbeing Respondent Support Safe Office Title IX Coordinator University Counseling Center University Police Women’s Center Off-campus resource None of the above [GO TO GA17] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [GO TO GA18] [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] [IF BLANK GO TO GA18] │ 133

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

HH4. [DISPLAY IF AT LEAST ONE PROGRAM SELECTED IN GA16] You said that you contacted the following programs. How useful were they in helping you? [MATRIX WITH SELECTED PROGRAMS FROM D10 CARRIED FORWARD] Not at all useful A little useful Somewhat useful Very useful Extremely useful Prefer not to answer GA17. [IF GA16 = NONE OF THE ABOVE] Why did you decide not to contact any of these programs or resources? (Mark all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I did not know where to go or who to tell I did not know how to file a formal complaint I felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to contact any of these programs or resources I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative academic, social or professional consequences I feared it would not be kept confidential I could handle it myself I feared retaliation I didn’t think these resources would give me the help I needed Incident occurred while school was not in session I didn't trust any resource associated with the university I did not want any action taken I felt that other people might think that what happened was at least partly my fault I was concerned I would be treated poorly I was concerned that no action would be taken I felt I might get arrested or in trouble for some reason The event happened in a context that began consensually I was too busy Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood Alcohol and/or other drugs were present Other Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE]

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Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

BOX GA1 IF GA17= ’NOT SERIOUS ENOUGH’ OR ‘OTHER’ THEN CONTINUE ELSE SKIP TO GA17b GA17a. You said you did not contact any of these programs or resources (because it was not serious enough/for an ‘other’ reason/because it was not serious enough and for an ‘other’ reason). Please review the list below and mark any of the reasons that may better describe why you didn’t contact any of these programs or resources. (Mark all that apply.) [CHOICES RANDOMIZED; ANCHOR ‘OTHER’ ‘DON’T KNOW’ AND ‘PREFER NOT TO ANSWER’ OPTIONS AT BOTTOM IN THAT ORDER] [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] I was not physically injured or hurt I did not feel emotionally injured or hurt The reaction by others suggested that it wasn’t serious enough to contact any of these programs or services The event happened in a context that began consensually I was too busy I was concerned I might be counter-accused Because of an aspect of my identity or the identity of the other person, I thought it would be minimized or misunderstood Events like this seem common Alcohol and/or other drugs were present My body showed involuntary arousal I did not fight back Other: [WRITE-IN RESPONSE] Don’t know Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] GA17b. What was the most important reason why you did not contact these programs or resources at Wake Forest University? [MATRIX WITH LIST OF ALL OPTIONS MARKED IN GA17 AND GA17a CARRIED FORWARD] GA18. Which of the following persons, if any, did you (also) tell about this? (Mark all that apply.) [ALLOW MULTIPLE ANSWERS] Friend Family member Faculty member or instructor Resident advisor (RA), or other live-in residential staff Coach/trainer Other administrative staff Spiritual or religious advisor, leader, or clergy Therapist or counselor │ 135

Wake Forest University 2026 Sexual Misconduct Campus Climate Survey Report

Sexual or romantic partner Program or resource outside the University (e.g., a hotline) Physician Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE] Prefer not to answer [MAKE ANSWER EXCLUSIVE

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