Institute for European Studies Annual Report 2022

INSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN STUDIES ANNUAL REPORT 2022

MISSION STATEMENT

As a Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Institute for European Studies aims to provide research, education and academic services that are focused on the European Union in an international setting and recognised for their quality, multidisciplinarity and policy relevance. The IES’ research portfolio covers various policyrelevant fields, including energy & environment, security & diplomacy, migration & diversity, and digitalisation & democracy. Since February 2021, the Institute for European Studies (IES) is part of the Brussels School of Governance (BSoG) alliance*.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT AND THE DEAN

Paradoxically, while 2022 set in a gradual return to a more or less normal health situation with the transformation of the COVID-19 pandemic into an endemic disease, it confronted Europe with a full-blown war on its own borders following the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February. It seemed that Europe had entered a world of permanent crises. The COVID-19 pandemic reinforced initially the national context as the dominant policy framework for health policies in Europe, with Member States shutting down borders. Only subsequently, as the pandemic progressed, it created momentum and consensus that led to European-wide initiatives such as the NextGenerationEU economic recovery package based on new principles of fiscal solidarity between Member States. The Russian aggression in Ukraine, however, had a more immediate, unifying impact on European policy-making both with respect to the need for a common defense policy and the need for an acceleration in the EU’s green energy transition to reduce its fossil fuel dependency on Russia.

The word ‘crisis’ has of course different meanings: ‘emergencies’ as in the case of the COVID pandemic or the occurrence of a sudden disaster as with flooding resulting from climate change; and the more literal definition of crisis: ‘a time of intense difficulty or danger’. When the IES/BSoG’s research programme was written just before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was this latter crisis framework which provided the the Institute's common approach and vision. As we wrote: ‘The world is in flux, and so is the political, economic and wider societal architecture of the European continent. Mounting competition between the United States and China, in combination with a democratic backlash against the worst economic and societal excesses of globalisation, is prompting a gradual yet relentless erosion of the international order built since the end of the Cold War. In this context, European integration remains key to ensure that Europeans together maintain a meaningful ability to act on the international stage. Such an ability is likely to prove essential to address challenges related to climate change, the management of migratory pressures, the impact of digital disruptions and conflicts in the wider European neighbourhood.’

Three years later, the focus of the research programmes of the IES/BSoG on these four urgent governance challenges confronting both policy makers in Europe as well as elsewhere in the world, appears still highly topical. At the same time, the further decentralisation of our research along four research centres with the appointment of directors has been particularly beneficial to the Institute, bringing focus on the one hand and allowing each research group to profile its research more explicitly. So, as one can read in more detail in this Annual Report, in 2022 each of the four research centres has been involved in at least one, and in most cases several, large-scale research projects including two ERC grants. Thus, the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS) obtained next to an ERC grant on US-China rivalry and its implications for Europe led by professor Luis Simón, also a new VUB Japan Chair exploring the geostrategic developments in Asia and the Indo-Pacific region alongside the already existing Korea Chair. In the Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy (C3E) professor Liliana Lizarazo Rodriguez started her ERC grant project that conceptualises the transformation of human rights litigation into ecocentric litigation, whereas the GreenDeal-NET project was launched as a Jean Monnet Network about the EU’s Transition towards climate neutrality and sustainability.

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT AND THE DEAN

In the Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation (CD2I), professor Jamal Shahin took on his Chair in Digital Sovereignty funded by Microsoft, and a new Horizon Europe funded TITAN project was started, aimed at intelligent coaching of citizens against disinformation. Finally, in the Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice (CMDJ), research included the H2020-funded BRIDGES project aimed at assessing the production and impact of migration narratives, and the Whole-COMM project, exploring the integration of post-2014 migrants in small and medium-sized towns as well as rural areas from a whole of community perspective.

As a result, the IES has grown significantly and now brings together114 academics including 37 PhD research fellows.

At the education level and within the framework of the alliance with Vesalius College, our partner in the BSoG, our student intake numbers have started to increase agian last year, recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus remains on high quality, small-scale teaching.

We are more than ever confident that the IES/BSoG will over the years evolve further into what was described in our original strategic plan as ‘a professional school of international governance (and public) affairs in Brussels that combines international quality in teaching, leading edge scholarship and applied (global) public policy catering to the needs of a large public, private and civil society policy community working in the areas of global and regional public policy.’

Karel De Gucht Luc Soete President Dean

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Finally! Finally, the restrictions that were imposed following the COVID19-pandemic were lifted in 2022. Finally, we could travel again, organise conferences and meet physically, but most importantly, finally our students could come to campus again. After two years of relative isolation, academic life regained its ‘normal’ pace and students and scholars alike resumed the cross-fertilisation of ideas that universities are known for. Not that this had ever stopped – the successes of the past two years are testament to that – but it regained momentum after the confinement measures that we all had to endure. It was a small ray of light in an otherwise sombre year, in which we witnessed much sadness at both the global and the local level, with a war in our immediate European neighbourhood following the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, and – closer to home – with the loss of two of our former Rectors and IES-enthusiasts – Caroline Pauwels and Paul De Knop. We will miss both of them very much, but will continue to work in their honour and according to their values.

And a lot of work has been done in 2022. In the field of research, no less than 90 projects were carried out, of which a stunning 61 externally funded (many of which through the EU). This is an all-time record and increased the income from projects by more than 30% compared to last year (even by almost 90% if one compares with 2020). In 2022, the IES acquired a second ERC grant (along to one that had started already in 2021) and a whole range of H-Europe and Jean Monnet projects, making the Institute one of the most successful European grantees at the university –especially in the social sciences. The Institute was also very proud to welcome its first ever Japan Chair. Indeed, in the wake of our Korea Chair which we launched a few years ago, the Japanese Government, through the Japan Foundation, offered an endowment that will allow us to enhance our research on EU-Japan relations for many years to come. It will enhance the reputation of the Institute as a centre of expertise on EU-Asia matters and on global security issues. The two chairs complement the Microsoft Chair on Digital Sovereignty that continued through 2022.

The increase in projects obviously also meant an increase in personnel. The total number of people involved at the Institute increased to 130 (in terms of FTE, an increase from 56.4 FTE to 58.5). If one includes associates, interns, job students, non-paid personnel and VUB-paid staff working for the IES, the institute now has 158 staff members (153 in 2022). Our more than 100 scholars published 167 book chapters, policy briefs and journal articles and were visible to the public at large during 175 recorded media appearances, proof that our Institute continues to be of high relevance in the policy and research community and a much sought-after public source for scientific and policyoriented information.

The Institute is also a much sought-after source for knowledge at large, as our flexible study programmes continue to attract many students. This is especially the case for our online/blended Postgraduate Certificate on EU Policy Making and its flourishing summer and winter school spin-offs, as well as for the MSc in European Integration (our so-called ‘Euromaster’), an evening programme that can be taken in one or two years and that caters to both graduate (master) students and experienced professionals.

Under the auspices of a new director, the LLM programme on International and European Law underwent major curriculum changes to enable the Institute to transform it to a successful flexible programme in the future. As these changes take time to implement, the LLM programme currently continues as a daytime programme, attracting 17 students in 2022 (as opposed to 11 in 2021) – a number that we would like to see further increase in the near future. With a relatively low intake in 2021 (partially still due to COVID), the Institute was able to award only 36 Advanced Master diplomas. With the projected changes in the LLM and the stable intake in the Euromaster, this number is bound to increase again in the next academic year so that the Institute will be able to show an average of 50 yearly diplomas over the 5-year period of the Government Agreement.

The Government Agreement not only stipulates targets concerning advanced Master programmes, it also requires us to start two new PhD projects a year. In 2022, we have started no less than eight new PhD projects, one of which was IES funded (in the field of security) and seven of which were project financed. We were also particularly proud to see five of our PhD students graduate: Diana Potjomkina, Sibel Top, Ernesto Roessing Neto, Jimmy Hendry Nzally and Yijia Huang all successfully submitted and defended their doctoral thesis at the Institute.

I will end where I started: with the word ‘finally’. Because finally, we were able to rekindle the exchanges we enjoyed in previous years with our international partners. Because of COVID, these relations were put on hold, yet in 2022 we were able to intensify our collaboration again. We reconnected with our EUtopia partners and enhanced talks with many of our friends worldwide. As a result, we were able to welcome students again from the University of Southern California and from Seoul National University. After two years of online courses, we were also able to offer our Summer School students the excellent on-site services of our Diplomatic Academy partner in Vienna again.

Even though because of historical corrections we were not able to make a financial profit this year, the Institute for European Studies is financially stable and is particularly proud that it has been able to almost triple the funding it gets from the government (i.e. for each euro invested in the IES by the government, the Institute generates two more euros through other resources), ending the year with a turnover of of 5.8 million euros. This growth has only been possible through the hard work and inspiration of our scholars, and through a superb and resilient support team that has gone above and beyond over the past years. These efforts, enhanced and facilitated through the partnership with Vesalius College in the Brussels School of Governance, give the guarantee that the future of the Institute is secure!

HIGHLIGHTS 2022

Five new PhD graduates promoted 2022 was a very fruitful year at the IES regarding new PhD degrees. Diana Potjomkina, Sibel Top, Ernesto Roessing, Jimmy Hendry Nzally, and Yijia Huang all successfully submitted and defended their doctoral thesis.

On 20 January 2022, Diana Potjomkina was the first in the year to defend her PhD thesis entitled “Multistakeholderism in the European Union’s Trade Policy-Making: Analysing Domestic Advisory Groups”.

On 16 May 2022, Jimmy Hendry Nzally successfully defended his PhD thesis entitled: “Explaining Democratic Change in The Gambia: Understanding the Fall of Yahya Jammeh in the December 2016 Elections”.

New LLM curriculum focuses on

emerging global challenges

Effective in September 2022, the Institute for European Studies has refocused and fine-tuned the curriculum of its LLM in International and European Law programme.

By providing its LLM students a more holistic approach of today’s emerging global and interconnected legal challenges, the new LLM curriculum offers the best of both worlds: on the one hand, solid foundations in the core areas of international and European law, building on the strengths of the programme’s 50-year history. On the other hand, a focus on three emerging global legal challenges, sustainability, social inclusiveness, and digitalisation, and on developing a practical skillset.

On 30 August 2022, Yijia Huang successfully defended her PhD thesis about “The effects of identity on political and civic participation”. Almost two months later, on 28 September 2022, Ernesto Roessing came to a successful end of his PhD journey with the defence of his PhD thesis “The relevance of transnational lawmaking by non-sovereign actors: a study of two cases of rulemaking on REDD+”. And, finally, on 21 November 2022, Sibel

Top successfully defended her PhD thesis entitled: “The political offence exception clause to extradition in Europe: An analysis of its evolution and application with a special focus on the Catalan independence crisis”.

For 50 years now, this LLM programme has been a frontrunner and a champion of innovation when it comes to international and European legal education. This was achieved by continuously updating programme content to reflect the latest trends and developments. The addition of a Data Law component in 2018 was the most recent example of this. The new curriculum builds on the IES' reputation as a leading research hub on matters such as sustainability, climate policies, the role of the EU in the world politics,digitalisation, and migration and diversity. This environment allows LLM students to learn about developments in thesetopics directly from those who are leading the field.

HIGHLIGHTS

SNU in the EU Summer Programme

On 4 July 2022, the IES had the pleasure of welcoming 25 students for the second edition of the SNU in the EU Brussels Programme. The group of Seoul National University (SNU) students was complemented by five students who were the winners of the Model European Union organised in Seoul and coordinated by Professor Giulia Tercovich, as part of her EU sponsored projectto support the European Union in carrying out public diplomacy activities in the Republic of Korea.

Japan Chair launched

In the autumn of 2022, the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy at the IES launched its Japan Chair. This was the first and only Japan Chair in mainland Europe and it is led by Dr. Eva Pejsova.

The establishment of the Japan Chair marks a new chapter in engaging with Asia and the Indo-Pacific region, particularly by strengthening cooperation ties through high quality research on Japanese politics and foreign policy. Furthermore, the Japan Chair seeks to inform and shape the policy agenda, by confronting the Japanese and European leadership, focusing specifically on the EU and NATO.

HIGHLIGHTS

New Jean Monnet Chair for Harri Kalimo

Professor Harri Kalimo was nominated the Jean Monnet Chair “ECOvalence” which explores the nexus between and ecology, the central interrelationship underpinning the EU’s strategy for sustainable growth, the European Green Deal.

ECOvalence is the second Jean Monnet Chair that Harri has received. ECOvalence continues the work of the first one, titled ECOnciliation (2016-2019).

Jonas Lefevere plays key role in De Stemming 2022

Following prior editions in 2020 and 2021, IES professor Jonas Lefevere once again collaborated with Stefaan Walgrave (University of A ntwerp) to conduct a large scale public opinion survey for VRT NWS and De Standaard.

The programme kicked off with a lecture by Prof. Karel De Gucht on perspectives on the state of the European Union. In the upcoming two weeks, the students will participate in lectures on the EU institutions and decisionmaking procedures, EU foreign and security affairs and EU-Asia relations. The lectures are combined with study visits in Brussels, Strasbourg and Luxembourg, including visits to the EU Commission, the Council of the EU, EEAS, European Parliament, NATO and other.

A Jean Monnet Chair is a teaching post with a specialization in EU Studies. Based on a competitive selection process, the European Commission, through its Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA), awards the Chair to qualified professors who teach a minimum of 90 hours per academic year on topics relevant to European integration. In addition to course development, a Jean Monnet Chair supports research on EU subjects as well as outreach and training activities.

The study consists of an annual investigation of Flemish people’s political views, including their voting behaviour, evaluation of government performance, and views on political issues. Moreover, the study also addresses several contemporary issues, including the war in Ukraine and the ongoing energy crisis. The first study results were published on 5 May 2022 on the VRT NWS website and in De Standaard, with more insights later in the week.

HIGHLIGHTS

CSDS’ Luis Simón wins ERC grant for research on Europe’s place in Sino-American Competition

In April 2022, Professor Luis Simón, Director of the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS) at the IES, was awarded an ERC Consolidator Grant of 1.7 million euros for his project ‘Subject or Object? Europe in Sino-American Competition'.

The 5-year project will kick off in January 2023 and will examine the impact of US-China competition upon Europe and its role in the world. The EU’s European Research Council (ERC) grants are generally regarded as the most prestigious for researchers in the EU. The application procedure is extremely selective and the grants are awarded to independent, outstanding scientists who are conducting ground-breaking scientific research of the highest quality.

The project

Luis Simón's award-winning project examines which factors account for Europe’s degree of autonomy in SinoAmerican competition. The increasing power struggle between the United States and China is probably the most important factor in contemporary and future international politics.

The project will combine quantitative and qualitative analysis, and zoom in on three areas of external policy: trade and investment; technology and infrastructure; and foreign and security policy.

With the ERC grant for Luis Simón’s project, there are currently two researchers at the IES with ERC funding. In 2020, professor Liliana Lizarazo-Rodriguez was awarded an ERC Starting Grant for her project CURIAE VIRIDES. In this project, Liliana and her team are exploring the progressive transformation of human rights litigation into more eco-centric litigation and the role of (activist) courts.

CD2I lands three new Erasmus + education and research projects on innovative education

One of the research priorities of the IES’s Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation (CD2I) pertains to Innovation and the Future of Education. In this respect, the Centre has been granted in 2022 a Jean Monnet Chair and participation in a Jean Monnet Cooperation Partnership in Higher Education, combining teaching and researching on learning through gamification, and digital literacy skills in higher education. It is also proud to be part of an Erasmus + Sport research project developing a transparency index for sport.

Digital and Civil Rights in Today's EU (Europe Explained) is an Erasmus + Jean Monnet Chair to organize Summer and Winter Schools on European Union Policy-Making. The Summer and Winter Schools on European Union Policy-Making are intensive two-week study programmes with a focus on practice and participation and a strong multidisciplinary character.

Students’ of Higher Education critical digital Literacy Development against Disinformation (S.HI.E.L.D vs Disinfo) is an Erasmus + cooperation partnership in higher education. It is linked to a lifelong learning project, teaching and researching the necessary skills and competences young people, citizens, and future and current professionals need in order to resist disinformation through digital media.

Sport Transparency Index project (Sport T-Index) has been devised to help support integrity interventions in sport by benchmarking sport stakeholders including clubs, leagues, national associations and international governing bodies, using universally applicable and appropriate criteria to evaluate, compare and contrast them against integrity-related transparency indicators.

All three Erasmus + projects have started in the autumn of 2022 and will last until the end of 2025.

European Research Council

HIGHLIGHTS

CMDJ organises Afroeuropeans Conference and migration lecture series

Hosted at the IES’s Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice (CMDJ), the BIRMM group (Brussels Interdisciplinary Research centre on Migration and Minorities) at the VUB has co-organised the Afroeuropeans Conference 2022 at the VUB, a major gathering of academics interested in (intersectional) challenges in Afroeuropean communities. CMDJ/ BIRMM also set up a migration lecture series in the spring semester of 2022, featuring well-known scholars such as Prof. Andrew Geddes of the European University Institute, Prof. Nick Vaughan-Williams of Warwick University, and Prof. Christina Zuber of the University of Konstanz.

The Afroeuropeans Conference took place from 22-24 September. Set up by the Afroeuropeans Network, it centered around Blackness in Europe - including Black identity, Black art, Black politics and Black struggle.

In the course of three full days, the conference provided a platform to over 200 speakers and participants, no fewer than 38 panels and roundtables took place across 8 thematic streams, in addition to 3 evening programmes and 3 distinguished keynote lectures. The keynote speakers were Olivette Otele, Kehinde Andrews and Mireille-Tsheusi Robert.

3E wins GreenDeal-NET Jean Monnet Network

The Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy (3E) at the IES was awarded the Jean Monnet Network - The European Green Deal: Governing the EU’s Transition towards Climate Neutrality and Sustainability (GreenDeal-NET). This project addresses the complex set of interlocking challenges in governance, policy, and law related to sustainability and climate neutrality which the Green Deal brings to the fore.

The project will run from 2022-2025 and is expected to be impactful, as there is a high and increasing demand for related knowledge and analysis among scholars, policy makers, and the general public on these issues.

GreenDeal-NET, coordinated by our 3E centre, is a collaboration network of 12 core European universities, expanding to become a much broader European and global network of key players active in the field of EU/ European governance of the climate and sustainability transition. The network is designed to foster collaboration on new teaching, research and debating activities among its partners and the broader scholarly community in the field.

RESEARCH - STRATEGIC GOALS RESEARCH - STRATEGIC GOALS

The Strategic Plan 2021-2025 outlined several research objectives:

• Updating the IES research agenda around four new research centres: a Centre on Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation; a Centre on Environment, Economy and Energy; a Centre on Migration, Diversity and Justice; and a Centre on Security, Diplomacy and Strategy.

The preparations for the creation of these four research centres, and the update of the IES research agenda around them, were started in late 2020. The four new centres became operational shortly afterwards.Their public launch towards their wide range of stakeholders coincided with the launch of the Brussels School of Governance (BSoG) on 9 February 2021, which is the alliance between the Institute for European Studies and Vesalius College. Since then, each of these centers has developed its own subbrand, under the umbrella of the BSoG, with accompanying publication and project acquisition strategies. This has resulted in a significant expansion of the project portfolio

• Maximising the intrinsic synergies between the educational offers of the IES and the VUB’s ES and RC faculties, Vesalius College, and the partners in the European university alliance, EUTOPIA.

The creation of the Brussels School of Governance sought to increase the synergies between the educational offering of IES and Vesalius College. Various elements of both institutions’ programmes were aligned. Since then, both faculty and support staff across IES and Vesalius work as one integrated team. As regards the VUB’s ES and RC faculties, a process of streamlining the complementarity in MA-level programmes has been initiated. This included reviewing the IES LLM curriculum, a new version of which was implemented in the Fall 2022 semester, and consolidating the EuroMaster as a MaNaMa-level successor to the ES-led MSc in European and International Governance (in which IES staff act as service providers). Collaboration with the EUtopia network has increased in 2022, e.g. with the joint IESEutopia simulation exercise during the second edition of the IES’ Winter School in February 2022, two PhD bursaries (one in our Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation and one in our Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy) financed by EUTOPIA, the setting up of a EUTOPIA Connected Research Community (TRAPTS), and EUTOPIA member Warwick University acting as an important partner in the preparation of our EUIA23 conference.

• Within each research centre, the aim is to deliver one doctorate per year, and therefore to start a total of at least 20 doctoral projects over the full management period (at least 10 of which are to be launched using Flemish government funding).

In 2022, the IES delivered a total of five doctorates, three of which were delivered by the Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice, one by the Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation, and one by the Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy

• Achieving at least one large-scale research project (e.g. ERC, Horizon Europe or Chair) per centre.

In 2022, each of the four research centres was involved in at least one, and in most cases several, large-scale research projects. Examples include an ERC-funded project on US-China rivalry and its implications for Europe, led by professor Luis Simón (CSDS); the CSDS-led VUB Japan Chair set up to explore geostrategic developments in Asia and the IndoPacific region; the ERC-funded Curiae Virides project that conceptualises the transformation of human rights litigation into ecocentric litigation, led by professor Liliana Lizarazo Rodriguez (C3E); GreenDeal-NET project, a Jean Monnet Network about the EU’s Transition towards climate neutrality and sustainability (C3E), the Chair in Digital Sovereignty funded by Microsoft (CD2I), the Horizon Europe funded TITAN project aimed at intelligent coaching of citizens against disinformation (CD2I), the H2020-funded BRIDGES project aimed at assessing the production and impact of migration narratives (CMDJ), and the Whole-COMM project, exploring the integration of post-2014 migrants in small and medium-sized towns and rural areas in 8 EU and 2 non-EU countries from a whole of community perspective. The Brussels School of Governance’s website features up-to-date overviews of all major projects per research centre.

• Annually: publication of an average of 50 scientific publications with peer review, one to two books and 20 policy papers.

IES-affiliated scholars collectively published a total of 9 books, 63 academic journal articles, 20 book chapters –amounting to 93 peer-reviewed publications – and 28 policy reports. For a detailed overview, see our list of 2022 publications in the annex. Full and multiannual bibliographical data is stored in the researchportal.vub.be – thus permanently accessible – and automatically synced with ORCID and the FRIS Onderzoeksportaal. With our own policy report outlets (Centre-led) Policy Briefs as well as In-Depth long read formats) we ensure that our cuttingedge research findings are made available in open-acccess formats and tailored to a diverse audience including policymakers and media as well as academics.

LIST OF PHD BURSARY PROJECTS

Drawing on its own core resources and income generated from external projects, the IES sponsors a large cohort of PhD bursaries. These bursary projects are recruited via open competitive calls for projects. In line with the obligations in the government agreement, the Institute launches a minimum of two calls every year, supplemented by external project-based calls. In 2021, the Institute provided an academic home to the following bursary projects:

PHD BURSARIES FINANCED BY IES

CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMY AND ENERGY

• On the outside looking in: Goal achievement of EU Arctic policies”, Aslak Veierud Busch, October 2019 – September 2023

• EU climate and energy governance: how myopic is it?, Jana Gheuens, January 2019 – December 2022

• EU Policy Instruments on Sustainable Trade, Simon Happersberger, October 2020 – October 2022; switch to FWO PhD (see below)

CENTRE FOR MIGRATION, DIVERSITY AND JUSTICE

• Cooperation beyond borders: explaining EU migration cooperation with third countries, Philipp Stutz, October 2017-January 2023

• Governmental Responsiveness to Black Lives Matter in Europe, Fọláṣadé Ajayi, February 2020 – March 2024

• "Safe" third countries - the heterogeneous application of a controversial concept, Gaia Romeo, October 2021-September 2025

CENTRE FOR SECURITY, DIPLOMACY AND STRATEGY

• Explaining military innovation in military applications of artificial intelligence, Maaike Verbruggen, November 2017 – April 2022

• Testing the East Asian Paradox: A study of East Asian nations' economic and security relations with a focus on Northeast Asia, Maximilian Ernst, October 2018 – September 2022

• Great Power Competition in the Indo-Pacific: the Mekong Region, Fabio Figiaconi, October 2020 – September 2024

LIST OF PHD BURSARY PROJECTS

• The protégé rearmament dilemma: balancing between autonomy and alliance cohesion, Lotje Boswinkel, October 2022 - September 2026

CENTRE FOR DIGITALISATION, DEMOCRACY AND INNOVATION

• Competition versus co-operation in multistakeholder internet governance – The EU’s role, values, and interests, Orsolya Gulyás, November 2018-April 2023

PHD BURSARIES FINANCED BY PROJECT

CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMY AND ENERGY

• The integration of climate and energy security objectives in the EU's external energy policy, Marco Giuli, September 2019 – August 2023.

• Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Value Chain Due Diligence in Transnational Ecological Conflicts, Joao Teixeira de Freitas, March 2021 – February 2025 (ERC Str. Grant 949690 Curiae Virides)

• Gauging how Sustainable Development Law is performed by Transnational Ecocentric Networks in (the process leading to) an Ecocentric Litigation, Virides Xavier Farré Fabregat November 2021 - October 2022 (ErC Str. Grant 949690 Curiae)

• Access to Remedy in Environmental Matters: Do Victims of GVC-Related Environmental Damage Have Access to Effective Remedies? An Empirical and Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Remedy Obtained through Transnational Litigation. Ludmila Cieszkowsky Elias (ERC Str. Grant 949690 Curiae Virides) November 2022 - October 2026

• EU Policy Instruments on Sustainable Trade, Simon Happersberger, FWO PhD bursary Nov 2022 –Oct 2026

• Analysis of stakeholder’s role in ecocentric litigation using Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) Daniel Leguizamon Alejo (ERC Str. Grant 949690 Curiae Virides) December 2022 - November 2026

• Product-Service Systems for the Circular Economy: Policy Implications under the WTO Law, Eleanor Mateo, December 2017 – November 2023

LIST OF PHD BURSARY PROJECTS

CENTRE FOR MIGRATION, DIVERSITY AND JUSTICE

• The politics of (return) migration in the Gambia, Omar N. Cham, October 2018 – August 2023

CENTRE FOR SECURITY, DIPLOMACY AND STRATEGY

• Historical narratives in Russian governmental discourse on domestic and foreign policy decisions, 1991-2018, Laura Vansina, October 2019 - September 2023.

• The role of the changing character of war for the US-led alliance system, Octavian Manea, October 2021- September 2025

• What does China want? Technology and great power competition in Europe, Ludovica Meacci, October 2022 - September 2026

• Industrial Policy in the Age of Complexity: Emerging Technologies and the International Competition in Commercial and Defence Markets, Ivan Zaccagnini, October 2022 - September 2026 (joint PhD with Luiss Guido Carli University, Rome)

CENTRE FOR DIGITALISATION, DEMOCRACY AND INNOVATION

• Legitimacy of multistakeholderism in Internet Governance, Nadia Tjahja, September 2020 – August 2023

• Prevention of securitization of contentious content through architectural interventions on online platforms, Nathalie Van Raemdonck, September 2020 – August 2024

• Digital Democracies in peril: a post-structuralist lens on disinformation and individual agency online, Samuel Cipers, October 2022 – September 2026 (Financed by EUTOPIA)

• The relation between privacy, data protection and identity, Ana Fernandez, November 2019 - October 2023

• Protecting human agency in social media platforms, Carlos Entrena, June 2022 - May 2026

• Human personhood in the age of automation, Samuel Johns, June 2022 - May 2026

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

CENTRE FOR DIGITALISATION, DEMOCRACY AND INNOVATION

International Organisations and Foreign Governments

Collaborative Doctoral Partnership – Digital Governance

October 2021 – October 2026

Funding organisation: Joint Research Centre | European Commission

The importance of science-based evidence for policy making is increasingly recognised by decision makers and finds resonance in research and academia. In order to enhance the science-policy link, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission concludes collaborative doctoral partnership (CDP) schemes with higher education institutions. Vrije Universiteit Brussel replied to the call for expressions of interest in the fields of ‘digital governance' and ‘secure and sustainable supply of raw materials for strategic value chains’ and was selected by the JRC. Within this project, the Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation (CD2I) at the Brussels School of Governance, the Centre for Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology (SMIT) and the HUMAINT project of the Digital Economy Unit, Joint Research Centre site in Sevilla co-supervise a doctoral student in the field of digital governance, on the topic of trustworthy artificial intelligence. The collaborative doctoral partnership is co-funded by JRC and VUB and runs for a period of five years (2021-2026).

EDMO: Belgium-Luxembourg Research Hub on Digital Media and Disinformation

October 2021 – March 2024

Funding organisation: European Health and Digital Executive Agency | European Commission

This project sets up a Belgian and Luxembourgish hub for research on digital media and disinformation (EDMO BELUX). It brings together an experienced and extensive network of fact-checkers, media, disinformation analysts, media literacy organisations and academics to detect, analyse and expose emerging harmful disinformation campaigns. Through rapid alerts in the network, fact checks, and investigative reporting will reach first responders to disinformation (media, civil society, government) in order to minimize the impact of disinformation campaigns. In addition, through media literacy campaigns, EDMO BELUX will raise awareness and build resilience among citizens and media to combat disinformation. Finally, the hub will embed its disinformation monitoring, analysis, and awareness into a multidisciplinary research framework on the impact of disinformation and platform responses on democratic processes.

Europe Explained – Inter-University Summer School on EU Policy-making

September 2019-August 2022

Funding organisation: European Commission | Jean Monnet Module

The Summer School on European Policy-making is an intensive two-week study programme with a strong multidisciplinary character, developed and delivered by the Institute for European Studies (IES) at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, in close cooperation with the Vienna School of International Studies and the University of Vienna, for the past fifteen years. Since 2013, this is a compulsory component of the IES post-graduate certificate on EU policy-making.

In 2022, the Flemish Ministry of Education and Training and the Flemish Higher Education Council (VLUHR) provided additional funding for the virtual summer campus, allowing us to waiver two extra tuition fees for participation in the summer school.

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED

PROJECTS

Europe Explained: Analysing Digital and Civil Rights in Today’s EU

November 2022 – October 2025

Funding organisation: European Commission Jean Monnet Chair

The Summer and Winter Schools on European Union Policy-Making are intensive two-week study programmes with a strong multidisciplinary character, developed and delivered by the Brussels School of Governance at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, in close cooperation with the Vienna School of International Studies and the University of Vienna. The chair holder is the convener and academic coordinator of the summer and winter schools, whose passion for teaching finds a perfect outlet in these handson intensive study programmes and whose research on digital governance and participation intersects closely with the teaching on current challenges in today's EU. The programmes provide a ‘crash course’ in European Union Policy-Making, with a unique topical focus. The focus area of the summer course is civil rights in today's EU, while the winter school explores digital rights. The summer school is an in person course, in which students spend one week in Brussels and one week in Vienna. This winter programme is an online study experience with special attention to social interaction.

DESTINY: Debating Europe Digital Sovereignty

March 2022 – February 2025

Funding organisation: European Commission Jean Monnet Module

The Jean Monnet Module DESTINY focuses on advanced level university education in the sphere of Digital European Sovereignty. It brings together theoretical discussions on the changing digital world order and practical examples of how the EU addresses this transformation through the development of a stronger digital ambition, through engagement exercises and in-depth policy research. As one of the two core flagship policies of the current

European Commission, Digital Governance is emerging as a field of high politics, and yet European Studies offerings at universities rarely focus on this key area. This module will bring this field of research and policy to the classroom in ways that will help students specialising in European policymaking become aware of the specific challenges of Digital sovereignty for the EU, with its diversity of opinions. We shall establish an educational offering that will enable interaction between technical experts, policy specialists, civil society representatives and industry expert and engaged students in order to understand how to train a new generation of EU policy specialists in the field of digital politics. Exchanges between students and practitioners will benefit from the University's location in Brussels to bring high-quality speakers to on-campus lectures, to physically engage with students, whilst making use of the expertise gained in the COVID-19 pandemic to engage with a broader world through online means (including a website). Students will be required to produce a research paper, podcast reports of public events, and carry out an online exercise. The module will cumulatively build on ongoing research; bringing together experts for a workshop on the topic, and embedding the material developed in the workshop into the teaching programme for years 2 and 3 of the module. Finally, a paper reflecting on the educational development process will be presented to a conference such as the EuroTLC at the end of the project.

TITAN: AI for Citizen Intelligent Coaching against Disinformation

September 2022 – August 2025

Funding organisation: Funding organisation: European Commission | HEurope

TITAN delivers an open, distributed and citizen engaging ecosystem which empowers the citizen itself to conduct effective and efficient investigations for understanding whether statements at hand are true. Empowerment is

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

achieved by means of intelligent coaching on the process of investigation. AI-driven, intuitive and personalised ‘question-and-response’ interaction will set the attention of the investigating citizen on the logical interpretation and critical assessment of the implied reasoning and arguments in the statement at hand while directing the citizen in the appropriate use of suitable fact-checking and media literacy tools and services. By being part of the TITAN ecosystem, the citizen is intelligently coached on how to conduct effective investigations either on his/her own or in collaboration with other concerned citizens. Intelligent coaching conversational schemes are personalised according to the investigating citizen’s profile, digital skills, media literacy skills, possible difficulties in thinking critically as well as the linguistic characteristics of the statement under investigation. At the end of such an ‘question-and-response’ interaction cycle, the citizen will have his/her critical thinking and media literacy skills advanced so as to better detect disinformation he/she may encounter in the future at scale. The TITAN Ecosystem will be developed following a human-centered approach which will engage diverse groups of citizens in productive co-creation sessions at all project implementation phases.

Other Organisations

Chair in Digital Sovereignty

May 2021 – May 2023

Funding organisation: Microsoft

The Chair is a joint venture between the Brussels School of Governance, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BSoG-VUB) and the United Nations University – Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS). The primary goal of the Chair will be to reflect on the emergent and divergent meanings of sovereignty in the 21st Century. It will specifically focus on the role of technology (in the widest meaning of the word) in affecting and effecting change in political institutions.

COVID-19 Research Hub

February 2021 – May 2021

Funding organisation: EU DisinfoLab

As COVID-19 virus sweeps across the world, EU Disinfolab compiles essential resources for those interested in tackling the coronavirus ‘infodemic'. It maps how online platforms are combatting coronavirus mis- and disinformation, publishes content on the narratives, trends, and strategies defining the infodemic, and produces dedicated sections on free tools to use, commentary on the infodemic, as well as its impact on our societies. Within this project, the Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation (CD2I) at the Brussels School of Governance monitors platform policies and responses to disinformation, with a focus on COVID 19 related topics, and reports regularly through blogposts or additional research that is published on EU Disinfolab’s website. The project receives funding from the Omidyar Network.

DSV: De Staat van Vlaanderen

February 2022 – June 2022

DSV is an annual survey of a sample of Flemish voters about the political situation in Flanders and Belgium. The purpose of the survey is to gain insight into (evolutions in) political preferences and attitudes for the news coverage of the VRT and De Standaard. The Vote 2021 follows the survey of 2020 (DS2020). This new wave DS2021 has two objectives: (1) Re-survey respondents from DS2020, to map changes at the individual level, and (2) A new representative sample for 2021 as well. to be able to make statements that can be generalized to the inhabitants of the Flemish region.

Flemish Study on Media Policy

January 2022 – June 2022

Funding organisation: Flemish Government, Department of Culture, Youth & Media

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

With the prospect of the Belgian presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2024 and in a context of increasing complexity (and transversality) of audiovisual and media policy within the EU, the Brussels School of Governance at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel will provide the Flemish Government, Department of Culture, Youth and Media, with a mapping of the experts and relevant stakeholders within the competent authorities at Flemish and Belgian levels, in the French and German speaking communities, in the European Commission, in the audiovisual and media sector, and this for the themes laid out in the Media and Audiovisual Action Plan and the European Democracy Action Plan. The research team will also provide recommendations on methods or concrete consultation structures to follow up on these themes within Flanders and Belgium, with the aim to speed up and ease coordination during the presidency.

This consultation platform would be supporting and complementary to existing formal consultation structures.

Projects Funded by VUB

GREMLIN: The Contribution of ‘regional’ multistakeholders mechanisms in improving global governance

October 2017 - September 2022

Funding organisation: VUB | OZR Grant

The GREMLIN project aims to investigate multistakeholderism in regional and global governance. It examines two different policy areas where multistakeholderism has become a defining norm: internet and trade governance. Questions of legitimacy and effectiveness are key to debates on multistakeholderism and thus are also central to the theoretical framework of the project. GREMLIN brings together researchers from the IES and the Centre for European Union Studies (CEUS) at the University of Ghent in a project that will

produce two PhDs, several policy briefs and a workshop on ‘building better multistakeholderism’ at its end.

GREMLIN: The Contribution of ‘regional’ multistakeholders mechanisms in improving global governance

March 2022 – March 2024

Funding organisation: VUB | OZR Grant

GREMLIN 2 is the continuation of Project GREMLIN, and is designed to raise the levels of expertise in UNUCRIS in the field of Digital Governance. Over the two years of the project, it will support PhD researchers and visiting researchers in the context of UNU-CRIS activities in Digital Governance and Non-Traditional Diplomacy.

CENTRE FOR MIGRATION, DIVERSITY AND JUSTICE

International Organisations and Foreign Governments

BRIDGES: Assessing the production and impact of migration

March 2021 – February 202

Funding organisation: European Commission | H2020

The project aims to understand the causes and consequences of migration narratives in a context of increasing politicisation and polarisation by focusing on six European countries: France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. To do so, BRIDGES adopts an interdisciplinary and co-productive approach and is implemented by a diverse consortium of 12 institutions formed by universities, think tanks and research centres, cultural associations, and civil society organisations from all over Europe.

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

FAIRNESS: Implementation of Stockholm's roadmap in cases of terrorism and radicalisation

July 2019 – March 2022

Funding organisation: European Commission Justice Programme (JUST)

The FAIRNESS project aims at promoting a balanced harmonization of the Member States’ legal practices in relation to the implementation of several EU Directives (2016/343, 2016/800, 2016/1919, 2013/48/EU) when suspected or accused persons are involved in terror-related crimes or radicalisation. Further, it aims at exploring the coherence between the ‘spirit’ and previsions of the ‘Stockholm’s Roadmap’ contrasted with investigative and preventive practices (including Directive 2014/41/EU, and Council Framework Decisions 2002/584/JHA) involving suspects or accused persons for crimes related to terrorism in the pre-trial stage.

INDEED: Strengthening a comprehensive approach to preventing and counteracting radicalisation based on a universal evIdeNce-based MoDEl for Evaluation of raDIcalisation prevention and mitigation

September 2021 – August 2024

Funding organisation: European Commission H2020 INDEED aims to strengthen the knowledge, capabilities and skills of preventing violent extremism (PVE) / countering violent extremism (CVE) and deradicalisation within first-line practitioners and policymakers in designing, planning, implementing and evaluating initiatives in the field through an evidence-based approach. INDEED builds from the state-of-the-art, utilising the scientific and practical strengths of recent activities –enhancing them with complementary features to drive advancements and curb a growing rise of radical views and violent behaviour threatening security.

EXPAND: Explaining Resilience in EU Justice and Home Affairs

September 2020 – September 2023

Funding organisation: European Commission | Jean Monnet Chair

The EXPAND Jean Monnet Chair will work towards advancing research-led teaching and the public debate on the resilience of the EU in general and in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in particular. The objective of EXPAND is to engage students, academics and policymakers/practitioners in a dialogue on: (1) the ways in which the European integration project has – or has not – become more resilient; (2) the ways in which the EU and its member states have incorporated lessons from previous crisis and seek to reform their JHA policies in formal and informal ways; (3) the international channels of influence that the EU has fostered in the JHA field to develop a more comprehensive approach, notably in the migration field.

The Jean Monnet Chair EXPAND will make an essential and substantiated contribution to understanding the changing nature of the EU’s integration process and its impact in and beyond the EU with regard to Justice and Home Affairs policies.

JP-COOPS: Judicial and Police cooperation preventing radicalisation towards terrorism

January 2019 – June 2022

Funding organisation: European Commission – Justice Programme (JUST)

JP-COOPS, funded by DG JUST, focuses on the expansion of the network of trainers, national contact points, e-contents, and platforms established by previous projects. Its main contribution will be the establishment of one network of networks comprising 26 Multiagency National Contact Points, all using an up-scalable and modular Toolkit of all available Toolkits, which expands the knowledge on counter-radicalisation strategies and practices through the use of judiciary and police cooperation as part of new situational prevention strategies.

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

Whole-COMM: Exploring the integration of post-2014 migrants in small and medium-sized towns and rural areas from a whole of community perspective

January 2021 – April 2024

Funding organisation: European Commission H2020

After 2014, the number of migrants in barely prepared small and medium-size towns and rural areas has grown, affecting local social cohesion and challenging Europe’s future integration. The EU-funded Whole-COMM project will contribute to the scientific knowledge and theorisation on the dynamics and causal mechanisms that impact the relationship between immigrant integration policy and community cohesion. The research method used by this project perceives migrant integration as a communitymaking process. Whole-COMM will use a cross-country and cross-locality comparative methodology comprising 8 EU and 2 non-EU countries and 40 localities, mixed methods matching qualitative and quasi-experimental approaches, and quantitative analysis on the impact of policies on social cohesion and immigrants’ integration directions.

Other Organisations

EMPOWER-YOUTH: Obstacles et leviers à la participation sociétale et citoyenne des jeunes Bruxellois défavorisés

November 2017 – January 2022

Funding organisation: Innoviris Brussels – Anticipate programme

“Empower Youth project” is a four-year research programme conducted By Géraldine André (IES-VUB) and Alejandra Alarcon (GERME-ULB) on societal and civic participation of young disadvantaged people from Brussels. Through a mixed-method design (qualitative and quantitative), Empower Youth investigates: 1) Why and when do youngsters not take up on, or turn away from, structures that aim at developing their participation;

2) When and how does the institutional complexity of Brussels influence the relationships of young people from Brussels with those structures; 3) How does discrimination and assignment to disadvantaged social categories such as gender or alleged race (as well as their interactions) shape the relationships of youngsters with different institutions in Brussels;

4) In which ways do the existing instruments and programmes aiming at the encouragement of civic participation of young people from Brussels meet their expectations (or not); 5) What are the links between different forms of societal and civic participation?

Escaping gridlock through financial instruments?

Analyzing change in EU funding for migration and asylum

November 2021 – August 2025

Funding organisation: Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO)

The increase in migration flows since 2011 has plunged the EU in its second existential crisis in the space of five years after the Eurozone crisis. In contrast to a stalemated policy-making process in the realm of migration and asylum, the financial responses have been remarkable. The EU substantially increased the budget allocated to migration, launched new instruments such as the EU Trust Fund for Africa, restructured its financial toolbox several times, and recently created for the first time a targeted budgetary heading under the Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027. What explains this dynamism of the EU instrumentation process? The project addresses this puzzle. By integrating EU politics theorizing, the theories of instrument choice, and policy change, it gauges the extent and the direction of change in EU funding tools for migration and asylum and sets theoretical expectations to understand the combination of causes affecting change in financial instrument mixes across time. The project brings about theoretical and empirical innovation. Theoretically, it advances the

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

theorization of policy instrument change, by inductively combining theories of instrument choice, policy change, and EU integration theories. Empirically, it unpacks and studies the complex landscape of EU funds for migration which has been, with few exceptions largely neglected by the literature.

The immigration-federalism nexus: taking the subnational level seriously

October 2020 – September 2023

Funding organisation: Fonds Wetenschappelijk

Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO)

In many federal states, subnational governments are increasingly involved in immigration policymaking, which has resulted in powers and resources decentralization, and policy development at the subnational scale. This project aims at opening the black box of the vibrant subnational policy variation when it comes to immigration and immigrant integration matters in 4 federal states (Belgium, Canada, the United States, and Switzerland). The innovative character of this research is to look more closely at the subnational level, taking into account the diversity and the asymmetry that exist inside each federation.

The

creation of a dataset on coercive EU mobility rules

April 2021 – March 2025

Funding organisation: Fonds Wetenschappelijk

Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO)

The EU is interested in regulating as to where and how long migrants may remain in its territory. If deemed necessary, the EU rules regulating the mobility of migrants can be enforced by coercive means e.g. through a forcibly return procedure or a Dublin transfer of asylum seekers back to their point of entry in Europe. The ERC runnerup-project will be ground-breaking by analysing and critically reflecting upon the application of these rules. It will create a unique dataset featuring country-to-country cooperation patterns on coercive mobility within Europe

(on Dublin transfers) and from Europe to the rest of the world (on return cooperation) over a period of twenty-one years (1999-2020). Different statistical methods, first and foremost regression analyses, will allow to explain the patterns of cooperation (and non-cooperation) over time and across all regions in the world. This will determine the impact of factors such as a third country’s democratic standards or administrative capabilities. The dataset on coercive EU mobility rules will also assess the extent to which incomplete or unreliable data distorts our knowledge and understanding on migration governance in Europe. No-one has yet systematically compared and complemented European and national data on migration regardless of the fact that complaints about the quality of the data are frequent. Making the dataset open access, the ERC runner-up-project will have a high public impact by strengthening the capabilities of policy-makers and academics.

Les Pionnier.e.s de L’antiracisme en Belgique

October 2022 – July 2023

Funding organisation: Belgian Federal Government –Federal Public Service of Justice

The history of anti-racism in Belgium is not yet written or documented. Especially from individuals with immigrant backgrounds. This project consists in documenting this history, with those who we designate as being the "pioneers of anti-racism". These are those who worked, from the 1970s to the 1990s, in a context marked by the rise of the far right. To better understand anti-racism today, from an intersectional perspective, it is important to know the history of these struggles. For a better understanding of current structural racism, it is important to document the beginnings of the engagement of these anti-racist pioneers and to see how they prepared the ground for the mobilizations of civil society today. By duty of memory and transmission, it is crucial that the younger generations grasp the fact that antiracism in Belgium did not start with Black Lives Matter.

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

By associating these pioneers at the heart of this approach, the project consists of making a documentary, writing a collective work and organizing a public meeting to give voice to these anti-racist activists from the shadows, and to make them known to younger generations.

BAROMETER: Persons with a migrant background along gender, on the Belgian labour market

March 2022 – April 2023

Funding organisation: Fondation Roi Baudouin

This barometer will describe labour market participation of persons without a migration background (whose parents do not have a migration background), persons of the 2nd generation (of whom one or both parents have a migration background) and persons who themselves have migrated to Belgium (with a foreign nationality or who have acquired Belgian nationality in the meantime). Where possible, these groups will be broken down by gender and by region (Brussels-Capital Region, Flemish Region, Walloon Region). In addition to differences in labour market participation (employment, unemployment and inactivity), the barometer also aims to map the following differences by gender and migration background: differences in quality and precarity of labour (sector, wage, type of employment contract, working hours, etc.); differences in job satisfaction, motivation for work and discrimination at work; differences in taking up care responsibilities and the combination of work and family (use of childcare, taking career breaks or parental leave, reasons for caring for dependent family members, etc.); differences in human capital (level of education, recognition of foreign diplomas, knowledge of the national languages, over-qualification, etc.). The combination of the above elements is questioned for the whole of Belgium in the Labour Force Survey.

Projects Funded by VUB

BIES: Brussels Institute for European Studies

March 2018-March 2022

Funding organisation: Vrije Universiteit Brussel

In this initiative endorsed by the Research Council of both VUB and ULB, the two institutes join forces and search to intensify the cooperation in a series of areas, such as the setup of a joint platform for EU funded bid submissions.

BIRMM-VUB: Brussels Interdisciplinary Research centre on Migration and Minorities, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

January 2018 – October 2024

Funding organisation: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) conducts a wide variety of research on migration and diversity, spread over many disciplines, departments and research institutes. This interdisciplinary group has been created in January 2018. It joins over 100 VUB researchers from 11 disciplines (including political science, law, sociology, criminology, geography, medical sciences, communication sciences, linguistics, psychology and educational sciences, philosophy, and history) working on migration and diversity related topics. BIRMM is coordinated by Prof. Ilke Adam and Prof. Florian Trauner (both IES-VUB) and a board of delegates with one representative per research centre or department. BIRMM-VUB was accepted as an institutional member of the network in early July 2018. Our expertise on migration and diversity will contribute to IMISCOE's success.

EDGE: Evaluating Democratic Governance in Europe

November 2017-October 2022 Funding organisation: Vrije Universitit Brussel

The work conducted during the second phase of EDGE is organised in three work packages. Each work package focuses on big challenges that democracies face today. The three work packages are not mutually exclusive,

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

i.e. there are obvious overlaps across work packages, allowing us to consciously and actively develop crossfertilisation and collaboration. The first work package deals with time and sustainability, the second with gender and diversity and the third with contestation.

EDGE: Enhancing Democratic Governance in Europe

November 2022 - October 2027

Funding organisation: Vrije Universiteit Brussel | OZR Grant

EDGE responds to the imperative to identify innovative solutions that deliver new ways of political decisionmaking that help both effectively tackle real-world challenges to democracy and strengthen European democracies. EDGE brings together researchers from various research groups and disciplines: POLI (the VUB Political Science Department), BSoG (the VUB Brussels School of Governance), RHEA (Research Center on Gender, Diversity, Intersectionality), BRIO (Centre for Information, Documentation and Research on Brussels) and BIRMM (Brussels Interdisciplinary Research centre on Migration and Minorities). EDGE researchers collaborate in three complementary research areas:

• Climate, Sustainability, and Democratic Innovations

• Enhancing Representative Relationships

• Intersectional Inequalities and Democratic Innovations

CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMY AND ENERGY

International Organisations and Foreign Governments

4I-TRACTION: Innovation, Investment, Infrastructure and sector Integration: TRAnsformative policies for a ClimaTe-neutral European UnION

June 2021 – May 2024

Funding organisation: European Commission | H2020

The overall goal of 4I-TRACTION is to develop and assess transformative policy avenues for the 2020s, and an effective governance framework to implement them, aligned with the EU’s long-term objective of climateneutrality by 2050 as the EU’s contribution to achieving the objectives of the PA and the implementation of the SDGs. The following table breaks down the general and specific objectives that 4ITRACTION is designed to achieve.

AID-RES: Advancing industrial decarbonisation by assessing the future use of renewable energies in industrial processes

December 2020 – December 2022

Funding organisation: European Commission | Directorate General for Energy

The aims and objectives of the project are to provide a timely and uninterrupted service to the European Commission in carrying out an analysis to understand the effectiveness, efficiency and cost of potential innovation pathways for achieving carbon neutral processes in the steel, chemical, cement, glass, fertilizers and refineries sectors in the EU 27 by 2050. The analysis shall cover the associated energy needs of said industrial sectors, the geographical distribution of these needs, as well as potential symbiosis with further sectors. The results of this study shall serve as the data input basis for data visualisation (by the JRC).

BFSJ: Production of fully synthetic paraffinic jet fuel from wood and other biomass

January 2015 - June 2022

Funding organisation: European Commission | FP7

In the Aviation Biofuels project, IES analyses as a part of an engineering project the globally most innovative policies to promote the uptake of sustainable aviation biofuels, in particular as regards fully synthetic paraffinic

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

jet fuels. The IES also scrutinizes how such innovative policies interact with European and international (WTO) economic law.

CURIAE VIRIDES: How the third wave of global judicial (and social) activism is filling ecological governance

January 2021 – December 2025

Funding organisation: European Research Council

This project conceptualises the worldwide progressive transformation of human rights litigation into ecocentric litigation that, by triggering activist courts, aims at filling ecological governance gaps with the expectation to provide effective remedy to victims of transnational ecological harm.

ECOvalence: Governing the environment-economy nexus in the European Green Deal

September 2022 – August 2025

Funding organisation: European Commission Jean Monnet Chair

The objective of the Jean Monnet Chair ECOvalence is to provide research led teaching and raise public awareness on the governance of the two central building blocks of sustainable future: the economy and the environment. The angle of observation is the European Green Deal, which sets out the EU’s objective to build a society that is economically competitive, yet also resource efficient and without greenhouse gas emissions. For its strategy to succeed, the EU needs to show leadership in environmental and economic policies separately, but also to combine these areas of governance wisely. To fully understand the challenges and opportunities of the strategy, focused research, teaching and awareness raising is called for. Project ECOvalence will respond to this call by creating and disseminating knowledge about the complicated environment-economy nexus, which lies at the heart of the Green Deal. ECOvalence will do so through a comprehensive combination of four research-

based post-graduate courses and a doctoral research seminar in EU law and policy at the Brussels School of Governance (Vrije Universiteit Brussel). ECOvalence is aimed at reaching international students from across the EU and beyond in innovative ways. The educational offer is complemented by a rich selection of hybrid (onsite and online) expert events, targeted at fostering a lively discussion with the policy and scientific communities, corporations, the civil society and the general public about the challenges and opportunities of governing the environment-economy nexus that the Green Deal envisions.

GreenDeal-NET: The European Green Deal: Governing the EU's transaction towards Climate Neutrality and Sustainability

September 2022 – August 2025

Funding organisation: European Commission | Jean Monnet Network

The proposed network on “The European Green Deal: Governing the EU’s Transition towards Climate Neutrality and Sustainability” (GreenDeal-NET) focuses on one of the key European and global challenges. Its overarching objective is to provide a platform for collaboration and exchange on European climate and sustainability governance so as to (a) collect, share, discuss and advance relevant academic research/ teaching and (b) actively foster engagement and debate with policymakers and the broader public. GreenDeal-NET pursues its five specific objectives through six interlocking Work Packages (WPs). Based on professional management and coordination (WP1), the Network will establish GreenDeal-Connect, a new online platform for sharing knowledge and promoting exchange and debate (including peer review) (WP2); foster impactful new research collaboration and build research capacity (WP3); advance collaborative means, channels and capacities for teaching (WP4); foster

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

novel academic and societal debate (WP5); and widely disseminate key findings, results and activities for high impact (WP6). The WPs are divided into a coherent set of tasks that will result in a rich array of outputs, including a lecture series, a PhD school, a MOOC, special issues/ edited books, review articles, processes for advancing teaching and research collaboration, roundtable debates, academic conference panels, international conferences, policy-link workshops, policy impact papers, policy briefs, newsletters and podcasts. GreenDeal-NET will be run by a highly motivated, highly qualified, multidisciplinary and diverse team from 12 leading universities across 11 European countries. This consortium will form the nucleus of a much wider network and community with broad reach across Europe and beyond. It will hence serve as an important focal point for academic work on the key geopolitical challenge of the climate and sustainability transition and its link with related societal and policy debates.

NDC ASPECTS: Assessing Sectoral Perspectives on Climate Transitions to support the Global Stocktake and subsequent NDCs May 2021 – March 2024

Funding organisation: European Commission H2020 The Paris Agreement on climate change includes afiveyear global stocktake (GST). Ending in 2023, the global situation will be analysed, and countries will be provided information to prepare updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs). The EU-funded NDC ASPECTS project will provide inputs to the GST and support the potential revision of NDCs, including the development of new NDCs for the post 2030 period. The project will focus on four key sectors: transport, emission intensive industries, buildings, and agriculture (including forestry, land-use, and interaction with the energy conversion sector). For each sector, the project will formulate evidence-based narratives that can be translated into global and national pathways.

SOLVIT 10 & 11 : Training on the EU free movement of services

November 2022 – December 2022

Funding organisation: The Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises | Cecoforma

The objective of the training is to enhance the capacity of national SOLVIT centres to support businesses operating in the Single Market. The focus is on helping SMEs in dealing with difficulties they encounter with public authorities on professional qualifications and free movement of services when attempting to operate cross-border.

SUSTAEN: Sustainability and Trade: A European Narrative

March 2022 – February 2025

Funding organisation: European Commission | Jean Monnet Module

The aim of Sustainability and Trade: A European Narrative (SUSTAEN) is to facilitate an increased awareness of trade and investment agreements’ increasing focus on environmental, sustainable and societal challenges. SUSTAEN focuses strongly on the European angle, studying how the EU has approached sustainability concerns in its trade and investment agreements. Over the last decades, the concept of sustainability has gotten a firm foothold in discussions, debates, policies and legislation. Only very recently have sustainability concerns trickled down in the policies related to trade and investment agreements and policies. Traditionally trade liberalization has been promoted as a way to generating economic welfare and a better allocation of resources. Trade and investment agreements have finally come to terms with this evolution, and increasingly address these concerns by for example, the incorporation of clauses requiring states parties to adopt and enforce environmental, social and good governance standards. Partnerships play an important role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and trade and

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

investment agreements are one of the major instruments to implement these global partnerships. SUSTAEN aims to do so by providing a specialized course targeted to advanced MA students, many of whom are international students and might not yet be experts in EU policies. The teaching approach combines conceptual modules delivered by academics with engagement with experts through modules where high level practitioners share their ideas and approaches. The latter's contributions will also be accessible to scholars interested in these topics through the publication of an open access edited volume. Some of these expert lectures will also be made available online as the course will be fully accessible online, and will be designed to allow for interactive and efficient distant learning. Part of SUSTAEN will also be opened up for sister programmes at the host institution.

Other Organisations

Enhancing (national) climate governance frameworks and support national ownership of the EU’s climate neutrality objective

April 2022 – October 2022

Funding organisation: European Climate Foundation

The grant will aim to enhance (national) climate governance frameworks and support national ownership of the EU’s climate neutrality objective by implementing a webinar, workshop and policy paper, with the involvement of recognised scholars and relevant stakeholders.

Expert support for the processing of stakeholder contributions concerning the development of the 2nd National Action Plan on Business and Human Rights for Belgium.

March 2022 – May 2022

Funding organisation: Federal Institute for Sustainable Development

In 2017, Belgium published its first National Action Plan (NAP) on business and human rights on the basis of

which the Belgian authorities have worked to implement UN principles on business and human rights (the UNGPs).

In 2020-2021, a team from HIVA-KU Leuven (project director Huib Huyse) and the University of Antwerp (project director Liliana Lizarazo Rodriguez), with the support of IPIS research institute, conducted a National Baseline Assessment (NBA) on Business and Human Rights at the request of the federal government. The purpose was to determine how the Belgian governments and companies are already implementing the UNGPs. Now, the CSR working group of the Interdepartmental Committee on Sustainable Development is tasked with (coordinating) the development of a second NAP, which will also be based on the NBA's recommendations. The societal stakeholders were asked to formulate proposals for action in a dashboard, which was organised on the basis of the 84 recommendations of the NBA, which in turn are divided into various clusters of UNGPs. The new project conducted by KUL Hiva and the Brussels School of Governance (VUB) will support the government in processing the stakeholder inputs, so that the actions of the second action plan can be identified.

Deloitte Framework Contract

July 2022 – July 2027

Funding organisation: Deloitte

In function of client requests or public tendering specifications, Deloitte and Contractor will discuss and define together on the precise services which can be delivered. Below listing gives a non- exhaustive overview of potential services:

• Analysis of the status of the technology (e.g. TRL, examples of pilot, demo, commercial applications) and a description of the technology and applicable areas

• Analysis of the most important material- and energy flows

• Analysis of the impact of greenhouse emissions compared to the current best practices/

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

• Analysis/calculation of economic potential (i.e. can this technology be commercially viable and if not which additional conditions are necessary)

• Ad hoc and/or more general techno-economic briefings with regards to industrial/energy technology that can possibly be used for reaching climate neutrality

Global Stocktake: An Opportunity for Ambition Project

June 2022 – March 2023

Funding organisation: Center for Climate and Energy Solutions

C2ES, through ist project the Global Stocktake:An Opportunity for Ambition Project, aims for an ambitious outcome from the Paris Agreement’s global stocktake (GST) at COP28 and will help deliver that outcome by working with a range of stakeholders inside and outside the UNFCCC, recognizing that the process needed to achieve this is what will effect real transformation. Starting with imagining and elaborating an ambitious and deliverable COP28 outcome for the GST, the project will work backwards to now and work with key partners to put in place a process and achieve key deliverables between now and COP28 with the aim of achieving that outcome.

Policy integration: decarbonisation and security of supply in the European Union's external energy policy

January 2019 - December 2022

Funding organisation: Fonds Wetenschappelijk

Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO)

This FWO-funded project aims to examine levels of policy integration and to identify related main drivers and barriers as a contribution to a general theory of (climate) policy integration. It specifically explores varying levels of integration of the key policy objectives of decarbonization and security of supply into the European Union’s external energy policy toward third countries. Based on existing literature on policy coherence and

(environmental/climate) policy integration, it develops a novel framework for assessing the level of policy integration of the two aforementioned policy objectives and applies this framework to the EU’s external energy policy towards three partner countries (Russia, Norway, Algeria or Azerbaijan).

PLATON: PLATform for Open and Nationallyaccessible climate policy knowledge

January 2019 – December 2022

Funding organisation: The Research Council of Norway, KLIMAFORSK Programme| Fridtjof Nansen Institute (FNI)

PLATON is Norway's largest social science climate research project and will help politicians and businesses in their efforts to make Norway a low-emission society. The project will build an openly available knowledge platform on climate policy and how it affects the economy, behavior and emissions. In addition to researching new knowledge, PLATON will gather and systematize knowledge that already exists. Data, statistics and model tools that form the basis of the knowledge will be part of the platform.

PROCURA: Power to X and Carbon Capture & Utilization Roadmap for Belgium

March 2020 – February 2025

Funding organisation: Belgian Directorate-General for Energy, Federal Energy Transition Scenario studies worldwide show that Power-to-x (gas (e.g. H2, Methane), chemicals, liquid fuels) and Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) can become crucial technologies in achieving decarbonisation of our energy system by 2050 and increasing security of supply. This project will deliver a roadmap for these novel technologies for all sectors in Belgium, giving a clear view what steps are needed by 2030 to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Solar fuel technology and a demonstrator for CO2 coreduction will be explored.

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED

Projects Funded by VUB

EDGE: Evaluating Democratic Governance in Europe

November 2017-October 2022

Funding organisation: Vrije Universiteit Brussel | OZR Grant

See p. 30-31 for the description of this project.

EDGE: Enhancing Democratic Governance in Europe

November 2022 - October 2027

Funding organisation: Vrije Universiteit Brussel | OZR Grant

See p. 31 for the description of this project.

StepChem

January 2020 – December 2024

Funding organisation: Vrije Universiteit Brussel

In the transition towards a climate neutral society, chemical industry is facing huge challenges. In order to limit consequences of global climate change, it is paramount to develop new and intensified technologies that allow reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, lower energy-intensity, contribute to carbon neutrality and allow replacement of traditional fossil-based feedstocks by renewable production pathways. Therefore, the project GreenChem (IOF GEAR-program) aims at the valorisation of VUB’s innovative generic research in the field of sustainable chemistry and intensified separation technology through collaboration with chemical industry. The project combines the expertise of CHIS in the field of chemical engineering with the know-how of the IES team in the field of environment and sustainable development to achieve an integrated approach, which not only considers technological challenges but also the economic and legislative framework, such that feasible solutions can be proposed to meet the demands of our society and industry.

PROJECTS

CENTRE FOR SECURITY, DIPLOMACY AND STRATEGY

International Organisations and Foreign Governments

EU Policy and Outreach Partnership (EUPOP) in the Republic of Korea

December 2019–January 2024

Funding organisation: European Commission

The project supports the European Union in carrying out public diplomacy activities in the Republic of Korea with a specific focus on youth and civil society organisations. The project consists of two activities, i.e. a Model EU simulation targeting students and academics, and engagement with civil society organisations and professionals in South Korea. The Model European Union is a simulation on the decision making-processes within the European Parliament/Council of the European Union and aims at increasing understanding of the EU's institutions and processes. On May 26 and 27, the Delegation of the European Union (EU) to the Republic of Korea (ROK) hosted the Model European Union (MEU) 2022, a simulation of the Council of the European Union. During the MEU simulation, 35 talented students from 17 universities across South Korea debated about cybersecurity and the need to build collective capabilities and work with partners around the world to ensure international security and stability in the cyberspace.

EU-Republic of Korea Policy Dialogue Support Facility

January 2021-January 2024

Funding organisation: European Commission

The action will strengthen EU-Republic of Korea (ROK) relations by supporting the bilateral and multilateral dialogues and partnerships in key priority areas of EU and mutual interest, with a focus on security; human rights and social issues; trade and economy; climate change and energy; and connectivity. It will contribute to advancing the existing dialogues, committees, sectoral

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

working groups and consultations and possibly open avenues to expand bilateral relations to new areas and domains under the EU-ROK strategic agreements. In 2022, the Korea Chair provided support for EU-ROK policy dialogues, including on technology- and traderelated matters.

MEU in the US: Creating the Next Generation of Transatlanticists

December 2021-June 2022

Funding Organisation: European Commission

Simulations are an incredible effective teaching tool for people to learn about the EU and how it works. By sitting in the place and doing work of a European policymaker, a participant is more likely to be sympathetic to the political outcomes of EU policymaking. This action would propose to update and enhance existing Model EU simulation toolkits developed by the EU Delegation to the U.S. In addition, as there is no singularly agreed approach to organising a Model EU simulation, the action would convene practitioners with the aim of developing a more harmonised approach that could be implemented globally.

European Defence: a French Perspective

January-July 2022

Funding organisation: French Ministry of Defence

The CSDS Conversations are closed-door online gatherings that bring together leading academics and practitioners from Europe and across the world to discuss pressing foreign policy issues under Chatham House rules. CSDS has organised Conversations on The Strategic Compass and the future of European defence (February 2022) and French Navy in the era of contested global commons: an Indo-Pacific perspective (May 2022). CSDS has also published a Policy Brief on NATO, the EU and the Return of Collective Defence (May 2022).

ESIWA: Enhancing Security Cooperation in and with Asia

February 2022-March 2024

Funding organisation: European Commission

Launched on 1 April 2020, the four-year Action is jointly co-financed by the European Union, the German Federal Foreign Office and the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. It is implemented by Expertise France and GIZ.

CSDS is implementing two pillars of the overall project: (a) cyber security and maritime security activities for pilot country Republic of Korea and (b) an assessment of the EU’s capacity, effectiveness, and image as a maritime security actor in the Indo-Pacific and how that role can be enhanced. In 2022, the first line of work produced reports on Korea-EU potential areas for maritime and cyber security cooperation and the Korea Chair participated in the inaugural Hongneung Defense Forum organised by KIDA. Within the second strand of work, CSDS organised the inaugural meeting of an EU Experts Working Group on Maritime Security on Intra-EU Cooperation and Best Practices in Paris (October 2022).

Qualified Majority Voting in EU Foreign Policy: A cost of non-Europe report

August 2022 -June 2023

Funding organisation: European Parliament In 2018, the Commission proposed to expand the use of qualified majority voting (QMV) to improve the efficiency of decision-making in some policy fields within the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The discussion to extend QMV to CFSP reappears on a regular basis. This usually refers to cases where EU was seen unable to respond quickly and efficiently in case of crisis or challenges. The European Parliament has commissioned a study to CSDS on this topic.

EU Space-based Defence Capabilities

September-December 2022

Funding organisation: European Parliament CSDS has prepared an in-depth analysis which looks at the space-based threats currently facing the EU, outlining how an era of strategic competition – as referred to in the Strategic Compass – could fuel the misuse of space by adversaries, rivals and even partners. It also looks at

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

the steps taken, thus far, by the EU in the development of space-defence capabilities, with a specific focus on PESCO and the EDF. Finally, it volunteers some reflections on the challenges facing the production of the first-ever EU Strategy on Space and Defence.

EUIP: What role for Europe in the Indo-Pacific?

Identifying regional policy responses towards the EU’s Indo-Pacific Strategy 2022-25

November 2022-November 2025

Funding organisation: European Commission Jean Monnet Network

The Indo-Pacific is critical to the EU’s goal of securing “a stronger Europe in the world”. In 2021, the EU released its Indo-Pacific strategy – an ambitious and wide-ranging strategy with an overarching aim of “maintaining a free and open Indo-Pacific for all while building strong and lasting partnerships.” However, the EU’s decision to attempt to solidify and consolidate its Indo-Pacific presence is occurring at a time of significant regional unrest and uncertainty caused by an ongoing deterioration in SinoAmerican relations. This Network – encompassing EU and Indo-Pacific partners – will assess the critical question of “what is the most effective role for the EU in the Indo-Pacific?” The EU’s effectiveness in the region will rely on accurate contemporary knowledge of the states of the Indo-Pacific. This Network creates a unique grouping of EU and Indo-Pacific expertise to conduct interviews, engage in Delphi style policy debates, and “policy sandpits” in eight Indo-Pacific countries: Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand.

Brussels Indo-Pacific Forum 2022

Dates: June-November 2022

Funding organisation: Embassy of Japan in Belgium / Mission of Japan to NATO

The Brussels Indo-Pacific Forum is a platform held once per year in Brussels under the support of the Japanese Embassy in Belgium. It aims to provide a unique platform for experts and policymakers to discuss Europe’s role in the Indo-Pacific and bring the Indo-Pacific security debate to the European capital. The Forum is convened

by the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS) of the Brussels School of Governance (BSoGVUB). In this year’s inaugural edition, CSDS partnered with the European Union (EU) on the basis of the IndoPacific Futures Platform (INFORM), a two-year project supported by the EU. CSDS used the occasion to publicly announce the establishment of its Japan Chair, bearing witness to the significant political, economic and strategic rapprochement between the two like-minded partners and setting the scene for closer and more substantive cooperation in the years to come.

Bridging Allies – London edition

Dates: December 2021 - March 2022

Funding organisation: Embassy of Japan in Belgium / Mission of Japan to NATO and Japanese Prime Minister’s Office

Bridging Allies is a multi-year initiative led by the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS). This initiative is supported by several sponsors and partner institutions, including NATO (Science for Peace and Security Programme), the Australian Department of Defence (under the Strategic Policy Grants Programme), Canada's Ministry of National Defense (MINDS project), the Office of the Japanese Prime Minister, the Republic of Korea’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the United States Studies Centre (USSC) at the University of Sydney, the University of Waterloo, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), the National Institute for Defense Studies (NIDS) and the Centre de recherches internationales (CERI) at Sciences Po Paris. This initiative was inaugurated in November 2021 with an online experts’ exchange on the Transatlantic and US-led Indo-Pacific alliances. In March 2022, CSDS organised the first physically held meeting within this initiative in London, in cooperation with the Department of War Studies at the King’s College London. In this occasion, the experts’ discussion revolved around the challenge of Emerging Disruptive Technologies (EDTs) and how NATO and US allies in the Indo-Pacific region can cooperate to efficiently counter these challenges.

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED PROJECTS

Transatlantic Dialogue in the Indo-Pacific

Dates: January - May 2022

Funding organisation: Embassy of Japan in Belgium / Mission of Japan to NATO and Japanese Prime Minister’s Office

In May 2022, the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS) launched along with the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) a yearly held Transatlantic Dialogue in Washington DC. The inaugural event was devoted the topic of establishing a Transatlantic Dialogue in the Indo-Pacific, particularly on the theoretical and practical aspects of cooperation in the Indo-Pacific between the United States, Europe, and various partners in Asia (mostly Japan and Republic of Korea).The Dialogue also examined the economic aspect of the transatlantic relationship between Europe and the United States and how it pertains to China and the Indo-Pacific. This Dialogue will take place once per year in Washington D.C. and will count with the Embassy of Japan and the Japanese Prime Minister’s Office financial support as a deliverable of the CSDS Japan Chair.

Indo-Pacific Futures Platform (INFORM)

Dates: April 2021 - December 2022

Funding organization: Service for Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI), European Commission

The Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS) has participated in this two-year long project that sought to develop a common reflection on future challenges impacting the Indo-Pacific region. CSDS and its experts have participated in the drafting and publication of five policy briefs on economic, digital, societal, security and multilateral trends in the Indo-Pacific, as well as in the project’s main deliverables: (a) the organisation of an experts’ workshop and a public event with academia and policymakers in Tokyo (October 2022) and (b) the publication of two studies on security and digitalisation trends in the Indo-Pacific.

Other Organisations

KF-VUB Korea Chair

September 2017 – August 2024

Funding organisation: Korea Foundation

KF-VUB Korea Chair is the primary contact point in Europe on policy issues related to the Korean Peninsula. The Chair conducts research in three areas, i.e. EUROK relations, security on the Korean Peninsula, and South Korean foreign policy. Its output consists mainly of publishing academic and policy relevant output, the organisation of public conferences and expert workshops, and the dissemination of research findings. In 2021, the Chair received generous funding from the Korea Foundation to organise the Brussels Korea Forum closed-door roundtable and public conference in Brussels (28-29 September 2022) and a research report on Korea-EU Cooperation: Moving to the next level (April 2022); Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) to deliver a research report on Challenges and Opportunities of Korea’s Foreign Policy as a Developed Country (30 September 2022); the ROK Embassy to Belgium and Mission to the EU to organise a closed-door Bridging Allies: Korea workshop (30 November 2022) and deliver a research report on Korea-NATO relations.

Japan's Foreign and Security Policy

September 2020 - August 2022

Funding organisation: Japan Foundation

The Japan Program hosted at CSDS serves as an independent platform to advance academically rigorous discussions on the major foreign and security policy questions Japan and Europe are currently facing and seeks to inform and shape the policy agenda confronting the Japanese and European leadership. It offers a course on Japan's Foreign and Security Policy (6 ECTS).

The course follows an intensive, executive-like format, combining traditional academic lectures with practical insights through interactive seminars and discussions with experts and policymakers from Japan, the EU and NATO. The lectures cover a vast array of topics, from Japan’s contemporary foreign policy and security priorities, regional security concerns, as well as its evolving relationship with the EU and NATO.

LIST OF EXTERNALLY-FUNDED

Educational projects

SNU in the EU

04/07/2022 - 15/07/2022

On 4 July 2022, we had the pleasure of welcoming 25 students for the second edition of the SNU in the EU Brussels Programme. The group of Seoul National University (SNU) students was complemented by five students who were the winners of the Model European Union organised in Seoul and coordinated by IESBSoG’s Giulia Tercovich, as part of her EU sponsored project to support the European Union in carrying out public diplomacy activities in the Republic of Korea. The programme is led by Prof. Daniel Fiott and kicked off with a lecture by Prof. Karel De Gucht on perspectives on the state of the European Union. The students participated in lectures on the EU institutions and decision-making procedures, EU foreign and security affairs, EU-Asia relations, and joined study visits in Brussels, Strasbourg and Luxembourg, including visits to the EU Commission, the Council of the EU, EEAS, European Parliament, NATO and other.

Brussels Programme on European Foreign Policy

30

May 2022 - 1 July 2022

The 2022 Brussels Programme on European Foreign Policy kicked off with an orientation day on 30th May for students of the University of Southern California (USC). The programme ran for 5 weeks, until 1 July, and included a rich combination of lectures on the foreign and external policies of the European Union, part-time internships, and visits to European institutions and NATO in Brussels. It was led by Prof. Caterina Carta and were taught by a group of CSDS and IES-BSoG professors and external lecturers.

PROJECTS

This educational programme provides an understanding of the EU as an actor in the foreign, security anddefence policy fields. The aim is to give students a thorough overview of contemporary security issues and the ability of European states and security institutions to address them.

CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMY AND ENERGY

The 3E Centre focuses on the international and European governance of the environmental, economic and energy transitions and their interactions. It analyses and develops innovative legal and policy instruments and approaches to govern the transitions in the EU and beyond.

Personnel

In 2022, professors Harri Kalimo and Sebastian Oberthür co-directed the Centre, which included also profs. Liliana Lizarazo and Sven Van Kerckhoven, post-doctoral researchers Ingmar von Homeyer, Brendan Moore, Afaf Rahim and Stijn Van der Perre, project researchers and staff Jess Callebaut, Gauri Khandekar, Tereza Maarova, Simon Otto, Ólöf Söebech, and Tomas Wyns, as well as twelve pre-doctoral researchers. The latter included Daniel Alejo (transformations towards ecocentric litigations), Matilda Axelson (industrial decarbonisation), Aslak Veierud Busch (EU in Arctic governance), Ludmila Cieszkowsky (transnational litigation for the environment), Xavier Fabregat (judicial activism in ecocentric networks), Joao De Freitas (value chain due diligence), François Gardin (green investment), Jana Gheuens (‘democratic myopia’ in EU climate and energy governance), Marco Giuli (EU external energy policy), Simon Happersberger (sustainable trade agreements) and Eleanor Mateo (sustainable ‘product service systems’ and trade). Ernesto Roessing Neto successfully defended his PhD (deforestation in developing countries). Zoe Copeland helped as an intern. 3E (senior) associates and visitors included: Dave Anderson, Claire Dupont, Max Eriksson, Lisanne Groen, Laura Iozzelli, Kati Kulovesi, Andrea Mairate, Klaudia Majcher, Paolo Pasimeni, Joost Pauwelyn, Michael Ristaniemi, Michael Rupp, Hannes Sonnsjö and Carlos Soria Rodríguez.

Events

The 3E Centre organised over the year some 20 public events, including a Policy Forum series on Unilateralism in EU trade policies (Jean Monnet Chair ECOvalence) and the Trade Defense Instruments (TDI) Yearly conference. A new Green Trade Lab series was launched, while the Virtuosi series on legal and political theory (ECOvalence) continued. Individual events were arranged under the Curiae Virides project on Forest Fires; Ecocide and Business & Human Rights in Practice. Further events took place on Access to justice and EU State Aid and climate and energy governance (European Climate Foundation); a Climate Policy lab (4i-TRACTION project); a Panel at the Earth System Governance conference (NDC ASPECTS project) and a panel on ‘mini or multilateralism in sustainable trade’ with CSDS Centre and Québec (DGQB).

CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMY AND ENERGY

Teaching

3E professors gave courses in the IES’s LLLM/PILC and EuroMaster programmes on environmental law; public international and EU law; climate and energy governance; the greening of the European economy and the EU internal market and competition policy. The Centre further contributed to ‘Capstone in Business Studies’ and ‘BA Thesis in Business and Economics’. 3E researchers lectured in e.g. the BSoG Summer and Winter Schools and the University of Eastern Finland. 3E Professors also served as the Vice Dean for Education at the Brussels School of Governance and the Director of the School’s LLM/PILC programme.

Visibility

In addition to many 3E events and the flagship Jean Monnet Network GOVTRAN on climate and energy governance, the centre members made over 100 public appearances as keynote speakers, presenters, panellists and conference participants and appeared in Flemish, national and international media.

Main projects

• 4I-TRACTION Transformative Policies for a Climate-neutral European Union (Horizon 2020), 2021-24.

• Curiae Virides. Global Judicial (and Social) Activism in Filling Ecological Governance Gaps (European Research Council), 2020-25.

• ECOvalence. Jean Monnet Chair, The environment-economy nexus in the European Green Deal, 2022-25.

• EDGE. Evaluating Democratic Governance in Europe, with ES faculty (VUB Strategic Research Programme), 2017-22.

• The Economics of European (Dis)Integration, Jean Monnet Module:, 2019-2.

• GreenDeal-NET. Jean Monnet Network. EU’s Transition towards Climate Neutrality and Sustainability, (Erasmus+) 2022-25.

• GEAR. Technological and Socio-Economic Strategies for a Sustainable Chemical Industry (VUB IOF), 2020-24.

• The Greening of European Trade Agreements (FWO PhD Bursary), 2022-26.

• NDC ASPECTS. Sectoral Perspectives on the Global Stocktake and Nationally Determined Contributions (Horizon 2020), 2021-24.

• Integrating decarbonisation and security of supply in the EU's external energy policy (FWO), 2019-23.

• PROCURA. Roadmap for ‘power to x’ in Belgium (Energy transition fund (ETF)), 2020-2025.

• SOLVIT. Trainings on mutual recognition of professional qualifications) (EASME & DG GROW), 2022.

The Centre was involved in several further, smaller projects.

CENTRE FOR DIGITALISATION, DEMOCRACY AND INNOVATION

The Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation (CD2I) conducts cutting-edge academic and policyrelevant research on the ongoing digital transformation of society. We critically examine the evolution of new (digital) modes of governance from an interdisciplinary perspective, specifically multistakeholder and democratic processes that involve private, public, and civil society actors, whilst paying attention to issues of power and participation.

Personnel

Prof. Trisha Meyer leads the research centre. Prof. Jonas Lefevere, Prof. Jamal Shahin, Prof. Georgios Terzis and Dr. Tom Willaert are senior/postdoctoral researchers, and as time permits, Prof. Munira Aminova, Prof. Maja Micevska and Prof. Luc Soete contribute as well.

The centre includes nine amazing doctoral candidates: Samuel Cipers (joint VUB-University of Warwick), Carlos Entrena, Orsolya Gulyás, Ana Fernandez Inguanzo, Isaïa Jennart (joint VUB-University of Antwerp), Samuel Johns, Nadia Tjahja, Ambroos Verwee (joint VUB-UCLouvain) and Nathalie Van Raemdonck – five of whom joined the team in 2022 and expand our expertise on artificial intelligence, online identity, disinformation and political polarisation. We also diversified our disciplinary, professional and policy expertise with additional (senior) associate researchers and are proud to count nine bright associate fellows in the team: Dr. Filipa Figuiera (University College London), Samuel Johns (Techdotpeople), Dr. Mihalis Kritikos (European Commission), Tom Moylan (political communication specialist), Dr. Clément Perarnaud (CEPS), Dr. Julia Pohle (WZB Berlin Social Science Center), Dr. Diana Potjomkina (CECOP), Prof. Gianluca Sgueo (Italian Ministry of Technological Innovation and Digital Transition) and Dr. Sevgi Temizisler (Proximus ADA).

In the first half of 2022, Toon Van Overbeke (London School of Economics) and Sam Van Damme (VIVES) held visiting research fellowships in the centre, Stephanie Arnold (University of Bologna) joined as a visiting fellow in the autumn. Since December 2022, Tereza Maarova reinforces the team with her project management expertise.

Events

A highlight for our centre was the public PhD defence of Diana Potjomkina on Multistakeholderism in the European Union’s Trade Policy-Making: Analysing Domestic Advisory Groups on 20 January 2022. Since April 2022, CD2I organises a Data Sovereignty seminar series, as part of the Digital Sovereignty Chair and in collaboration with the Digital Governance cluster at UNU-CRIS. In the context of the EDMO BELUX project on monitoring online disinformation, we also held several network exchanges and seminars with the disinformation research community in Belgium and Luxembourg. Members of the centre participated in IES/BSoG, EDGE and VUB events more broadly as well. Our doctoral researchers presented their work in progress in the IES/BSoG research colloquia, Jonas Lefevere coordinated the series.

CENTRE FOR DIGITALISATION, DEMOCRACY AND INNOVATION

Teaching

CD2I provides substantial contributions to the educational programmes in managing and teaching functions: Jamal Shahin is Programme Director of the Advanced MSc in European Integration and teaches two courses in the programme. Trisha Meyer coordinates the Jean Monnet Summer and Winter Schools on EU Policy-Making. Jonas Lefevere contributed to the accreditation of two BA programmes (BA in International Affairs and BA in Global Business and Entrepreneurship) at Vesalius College/BSoG. Centre members also hold teaching positions in the VUB Communication Studies Department, VUB Social Sciences Bachelor programme, VECO Communication and Public Relations Programme, University of Amsterdam and UCLouvain Saint-Louis Bruxelles.

Visibility

Members of the CD2I were invited to provide commentary for the media, expert lectures, speak at and moderate policy panels, advise policy makers and act as evaluators for Horizon Europe proposals within the Flemish, Belgian, European and broader international contexts.

To provide examples, in 2022 Nadia Tjahja became Steering Group Expert for Research on Artificial Intelligence and young people for the Council of Europe and European Commission Youth partnership and Communications Chair of the Global Internet Governance Academic Network (GIGANET). Jonas Lefevere collaborated with Stefaan Walgrave (University of Antwerp) to conduct a large scale public opinion survey De Stemming for VRT NWS and De Standaard, an annual investigation of Flemish people’s political views. In 2022 CD2I brought in three Horizon Europe projects (TITAN, ReMeD, SoMe4Dem), three Erasmus+ projects (Europe Explained, S.HI.E.L.D vs Disinfo, Sport T-Index), one Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (ProPA), one EUtopia Co-Tutelle Doctoral Fellowship (Digital Democracies in Peril), one FWO/FNRS Excellence of Science project (NOTLIKEUS) and one FWO junior project (CLARIAM) – in addition to several short term consultancy projects. CD2I also contributed to the long-standing relationship with UNU-CRIS, with many researchers acting as (Professorial) Fellows in the Digital Governance Cluster in the UN University in Bruges. Collaboration between the institutes extends to joint projects, such as GREMLIN and TRAPTS, the latter funded as a EUTOPIA Connected Research Community.

Centre members published in high-quality journals (e.g. First Monday, Journal of Common Market Studies, European Journal of Political Research), delivered papers at international conferences, edited special issues (Telecommunications Policy), continue to sit on conference programme committees (e.g. GIG-ARTS, GIGANET), chair conference standing groups (ECPR Standing Group on Political Communication, IAMCR Communication Policy and Technology Section), contribute as members of editorial boards (e.g. Internet Policy Review, Telecommunications Policy, Policy & Internet). They were visible on social media and through the publication of blogposts and policy briefs (e.g. UNU-CRIS, DiploFoundation, EDMO BELUX, LSE Media Blog).

CENTRE FOR SECURITY, DIPLOMACY AND STRATEGY

The Centre for Security, Diplomacy & Strategy (CSDS) seeks to enhance the understanding of the key contemporary security and diplomatic challenges – and their impact on Europe – while reaching out to the policy community. It builds on a critical mass of scholars with expertise in the areas of security, diplomacy and strategy, and an ample network of policy-makers and experts from Brussels and beyond. CSDS aims to establish comprehensive theoretical and policy coverage of strategic competition and its impact on Europe, whilst paying particular attention to the transatlantic relationship and the wider Indo-Pacific region. It hosts a Japan Chair, a Korea Chair and a Defence and Statecraft programme, and works on a number of multi-year projects, including a European Research Council (ERC) project on US-China rivalry and its implications for Europe.

Personnel

CSDS is headed by Prof. Dr. Luis Simón and Dr. Giulia Tercovich. It includes Prof. Dr. Alexander Mattelaer, Prof. Dr. Caterina Carta, Prof. Dr. Olesya Tkacheva, Prof. Dr. Tongfi Kim, Prof. Dr. Luk van Langenhove, Distinguished Prof. Dr. Richard Higgott, Distinguished Dr. Michael Reiterer, Dr. Eva Pejsova, Dr. Ramón Pacheco Pardo, Dr. Daniel Fiott and Dr. Carolin Liss. CSDS activities are supported by three Project officers: Paula Cantero Dieguez, Natalia Martín and Patrizia Cogo Morales.

In 2022, CSDS included six associates: Dr. Jordan Becker, Dr. Benedetta Berti, Dr. Antonio Calcara, Dr. Linde Desmaele, Dr. Liviu Horovitz and Dr. Il Houng Lee; five senior fellow: Dr. Rober Bell, Dr. Giovanni Grevi, Dr. Hugo Meijer, Dr. Michito Tsuruoka and Celine Pajon. Dr. Raluca Csernatoni and Dr. Stephan Klose also contribute to the activities of the centre.In 2022, CSDS also included the following PhD fellows: Asma Akbar, Lotje Boswinkel, Maximilian Ernst, Fabio Figiaconi, Jihye Kang, Octavian Manea, Ludovica Meacci, Elie Perot, Laura Vansina, Maaike Verbruggen and Ivan Zaccagnini.

Events

The main flagship activity of 2022 was the Brussels Indo-Pacific Forum. The Forum welcomed a number of senior policy-makers from Europe and the Indo-Pacific region and over 160 audience members attended the in-person gathering. The Forum, inaugurated by Karel de Gucht, President of the Brussels School of Governance, started with a keynote speech by Josep Borrell (HR/VP) and welcomed H.E. Makita Shimokawa, Ambassador of Japan to Belgium and NATO, H.E. Caroline Millar, Ambassador for Australia to the EU, NATO, Belgium and Luxembourg, and H.E. Yoon Soongu, Ambassador of the Republic of Korea to Belgium and the EU and Head of Mission to NATO. Roberto Viola, Director General of DG Connect at the European Commission, closed the event with a keynote speech. The Forum ended with a special announcement launching the new Japan Chair at CSDS. The Chair is the first of its kind in the EU.

CENTRE FOR SECURITY, DIPLOMACY AND STRATEGY

In 2022 CSDS launched the Defence & Statecraft programme and received substantial funding to support the Bridging Allies initiative. In 2022 Luis Simón won an ERC grant for research on Europe’s place in Sino-American Competition. CSDS organised several workshops and events and continues CSDS Conversations, the high-level seminars designed to bring together leading academics, think-tankers and public policy practitioners from Europe and across the world to debate the most pressing security and foreign policy challenges of an international system reshaped by the return of great power competition. The KF-VUB Korea Chair and the Japan Chair also organised multiple private and public panels, conferences and activities, including the 2022 edition of the Brussels Korea Forum and the ‘US, Europe and Japan trilateral cooperation in the Indo-Pacific’ co-organised with the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington.

Teaching

CSDS members taught several courses this year. Luis Simón, Alexander Mattelaer, Raluca Csernatoni and Elie Perot taught courses on 'EU External Relations' and 'European Security', on 'Political Structures and Processes of the European Union' and on 'International Security and Strategic Studies' at the VUB. Caterina Carta, Tongfi Kim, Olesya Tkacheva, Carolin Liss, Giulia Tercovich, Stephan Klose and Antonio Calcara contributed to the course offerings of Vesalius College (BSoG). They taught courses offered in the BA programme in International Affairs, in the MA programmes in 'Global Peace, Security & Strategic Studies' and 'Diplomacy & Global Governance' and the Post-graduate certificate in Global Risk Analysis and Crisis Management. Giulia Tercovich coordinated the 2022 Model European Union (MEU) in the Republic of Korea sponsored by the EEAS.

Visibility

CSDS members made various public appearances as keynote speakers, chairs, panellists and conference participants and appeared in national and international media. The Japan Chair, the Korea Chair, the Defence & Statecraft Programme and Bridging Allies are the flagship projects of the CSDS that contributed to further enhance its visibility in 2022. In 2022, CSDS published 20 policy briefs, 4 In-depth reports and 11 Asia-Matters podcasts.

CSDS members also published peer-reviewed journal articles, chapters, books, as well as policy briefs and commentaries in leading journals in International Relations and Security Studies and policy-focused prestigious outlets. CSDS members also played an important role in supporting and advising policy-makers, governments and international bodies.

CENTRE FOR MIGRATION, DIVERSITY AND JUSTICE

The Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice (C-MDJ) focuses on migration, immigrant integration, justice and home affairs as well as diversity policies. In 2022, we concentrated on the following sub-themes: EU-West African migration cooperation; refugee integration; EU migration and border control policies; equality and anti-racism. The C-MDJ hosts and coordinates the ‘Brussels Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Migration and Minorities’ (BIRMM), which is a recognized VUB Interdisciplinary Centre of Expertise. Bringing together around 100 VUB researchers from 11 disciplines, BIRMM is the central point of reference for VUB research on migration and minorities-related topics.

Personnel

Profs. Ilke Adam and Florian Trauner jointly lead the centre. Kristin Henrard is a Professor for International Law specialised in human rights (with a focus on minorities). Richard Lewis, who was the originator of this centre, and Alison Woodward (emeritus professor) act as advisers. The BIRMM coordinator is Dr. Hannah Vermaut, replaced during her maternity leave in 2022 by Dr. Sibel Top. Dr. Honghui Pan joined in 2022 to develop a project on anti-discrimination and anti-racism in higher education. Postdoctoral researchers also include Dr. Serena D’Agostino, who has coordinated the VUB’s Programme on ‘Evaluating Democratic Governance in Europe’ (EDGE), Dr. Angela Tacea working in the field of EU Justice and Home Affairs and democratization, and Dr. Stephan Klose who implements EU-funded projects on counter-radicalization and EU policing. Together with researcher Louise Hantson, Dr. Laura Westerveen works on the EU-funded project Whole-COMM. A total of three PhD students (Yijia Huang, Jimmy Hendry Nzally and Sibel Top) successfully defended their doctoral projects in 2022. The centre includes 7 doctoral candidates: Fọláṣhadé M. Ajayi, Omar N. Cham, Xiu Ling Ye, Zoran Nechev, Gaia Romeo, Hanna Schneider and Philipp Stutz and 6 associated researchers: Dr. Christina Bache, Dr. Andrew Crosby, Dr. Sara Silvestre, Prof. Christof Roos, Dr. Mine Yildiz and Dr. Lingyu Xu

Publications

In 2022, the C-MDJ published 16 peer-reviewed journal articles, 6 book chapters, 5 policy briefs, 4 research reports, and several other publications (such as blogposts).

Teaching

Profs. Ilke Adam and Florian Trauner jointly teach the course ‘European Immigration Policy’ for the IES/BSoG’s Advanced Master in European Integration. Prof. Ilke Adam and Dr. Laura Westerveen are co-convenors of this programme’s course on 'Diversity Policies in the EU'. Prof. Kristin Henrard is the programme director of the BA in International and European Law at Vesalius College/BSoG and teaches courses such as ‘Introduction to International and European Law’. Dr. Stephan Klose, Dr. Christina Bache and Dr. Laura Westerween also teach courses at Vesalius College/BSoG. Dr. Angela Tacea teaches ‘Democratic theory and practice’ for the BA in Social Sciences. Outside of VUB, the centre engaged in teaching and training activities, amongst others with the European Defence College, the University of Antwerp, the College of Europe and the University of Oslo.

CENTRE FOR MIGRATION, DIVERSITY AND JUSTICE

Visibility and events

Hosted at the C-MDJ, the BIRMM group has co-organised the Afroeuropeans Conference 2022 at the VUB, a major gathering of academics interested in (intersectional) challenges in Afroeuropean communities. BIRMM also set-up a migration lecture series in the spring semester of 2022 featuring well-known scholars such as Prof. Andrew Geddes of the European University Institute and Prof. Nick Vaughan-Williams of Warwick University. Other events included panel debates on the reintegration of return migrants in West Africa or the migrant reception crisis in Belgium. The centre members have also actively participated in different international conferences organised by associations such as IMISCOE and the Council for European Studies.

Selection of projects

• Work Package Leader in the H2020 project ‘BRIDGES: Assessing the production and impact of migration narratives’

• Consortium partner in the H2020 Project ‘WHOLE-COMM’: Exploring the Integration of Post-2014 Migrants in Small and Medium-Sized Towns and Rural-Areas from a Whole-of-Community Perspective

• Work Package Leader of the EU H2020 project INDEED on De-radicalisation .

• Jean Monnet Chair ‘EXPAND: Explaining Resilience in EU Justice and Home Affairs’, EU Marie Curie Programme.

• ‘EMPOWER-YOUTH’ project on leviers and obstacles to societal and civic participation by disadvantaged youngsters in Brussels, granted by Innoviris (Anticipate programme).

• ERC Runner-up Project ‘The creation of a dataset on coercive EU mobility rules’, funded by the Flemish Research Fund FWO.

• Strategic Research Programme ‘Enhancing Democratic Governance in Europe’ (2022-2027)VUB Research Department

• Pioneers of Anti-Racism – 2022-2023 - Federal Government (FOD Equal)

STRATEGIC GOALS

The strategic plan 2021-2025 described a number of education objectives:

• Maximising synergies between the educational offers of the VUB (ES and RC faculties), Vesalius College, and the IES with regard to European studies;

The creation of the Brussels School of Governance (BSoG), which was launched on 9 February 2021, was a significant step in allowing to maximise the synergies between the educational offering of IES and Vesalius College. Various elements of both institutions’ programmes have been aligned, ensuring the highest educational quality. Since then, both faculty and support staff across IES and Vesalius work as one integrated team. Cooperation has also continued with the faculties at the VUB (in particular ES and RC) with the aim to ensuring complementarity and coherence across all educational offerings. A concrete achievement in this respect was the reform of the curriculum of our LLM in International and European Law programme

• Developing specialised (advanced) Master’s programmes based on the Institute’s research competences to supplement or modernise/replace the current portfolio;

It was assessed that developing specialized advanced masters does not take priority. Instead, the potential of creating a specialized training for PhD students and students who want to pursue a career in research is being investigated.

• Maintaining and modernising the LLM International and European Law programme to ensure that it is attractive and competitive;

In September 2022, the new curriculum of our LLM was implemented. It moved from 19 to 15 courses and the new curriculum provides a more holistic approach of three of today’s emerging global and interconnected legal challenges: sustainability, social inclusiveness, and digitalisation. It also has an increased focus on practical skills training (legal advisor, policy maker, negotiator, data or sustainability consultant, human rights defender, or researcher).

• Developing a flexible learning system that enables face-to-face or online teaching, as necessary. Thorough digitisation of the existing educational package, underpinned by a high quality educational methodology and the widest possible interactivity, will form the basis for this;

The Office for Teaching and Innovation (OTLI) plays a pivotal role in the Institute’s successful efforts to develop a hybrid learning system that enables the flexibility that today’s students need. In 2021, OTLI, in collaboration with

STRATEGIC GOALS

our teaching staff, was able to further develop our hybrid and online courses. In 2022, the Institute predominantly organised on-campus classes, reducing the immediate need for technical support with regards to Canvas and hybrid teaching as was the case during the phase of emergency remote teaching prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The OTLI committed to providing manuals and professional development initiatives for instructors to strengthen the knowledge base built over the past year and to ensure sustainability.

• Delivering the number of post-initial degrees each year, as set out in the management contract;

In 2021-2022, 11 students graduated from our LLM programme and 25 from our EuroMaster programme (total: 36). With 16 enrolled students in our LLM programme and 49 in EuroMaster in the academic year 2022-23, the IES is set to continue to reach the target of delivering 50 diplomas per year on average.

• Offering Executive Master programmes in IES research fields, individually or in collaboration with other high-quality partners;

The Institute has been active into expanding its executive programme offering. As of the autumn of 2022, the IES started to market a new Postgraduate Certificate on European Public Procurement, in collaboration with Lexxion. The programme will kick off in autumn 2023.

• Ensuring the financial viability of the programmes, with a ‘self-supporting’ principle;

In recent years, the IES has significantly restructured the financial sustainability of its programmes. As of the academic year 2021-22 onwards, they operate according to the ‘self-supporting’ principle: each programme has a number of costs allocated to it (overhead, teaching staff, marketing, etc.) as well as an income from tuition fees. The aim is that as of now, every programme reaches at least a break-even.

• Keeping the courses attractive and up-to-date (through programme reviews, benchmarking with stakeholders, quality control, etc.);

The IES has a strong reputation in keeping programme content in line with the latest developments in the programmes’ focus areas. Its prominent position as a cutting-edge research institute and the many cross-links between its research and educational activities, allow the IES to ensure that programmes are continuously revised, and have a direct link to the work field. 2022 was a very fruitful year at the IES regarding new PhD degrees. Diana Potjomkina, Sibel Top, Ernesto Roessing, Jimmy Hendry Nzally, and Yijia Huang all successfully submitted and defended their doctoral thesis.

LLM IN INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LAW

The LLM in International and European Law is a law degree at Advanced Master level organised at one of Belgium's premium universities in Brussels. This LLM programme was established in 1971 and has an alumni network of over 1300 lawyers from 110 countries. International audits and the leading positions of its graduates in various international organisations attest to the programme's excellence. The following were the most salient issues of 2022

1 New strategic plan (2021-2024)

A new strategic plan was formulated with the support of the Quality Assurance Department of the VUB, approved by the LLM board and by the IES/BSoG board (March 2022). It sets a roadmap for the programme by means of strategic objectives for the coming years.

Strategic Plan LLM 2021-2024

• Strategic Objective 1: Restructuring of the LLM curriculum.

• Strategic Objective 2: Increase the diversity in teaching staff.

• Strategic Objective 3: Coordination and collaboration with central services of the VUB and with the alumni network.

1.1 New curriculum (Strategic objective 1)

The new curriculum was elaborated with the support and input from the task force appointed by the President of the IES/BSoG and the ExCom. It was discussed on various occasions with the LLM board; it received feedback from some alumni and external professors and it was approved by the IES/BSoG board and by the VUB Educational Council in March 2022. The new, innovative LLM curriculum provides, firstly, solid foundations in the core areas of international and European law, building on the strengths of the programme’s 50-year history. Secondly, it offers the students a holistic approach of today’s emerging global legal challenges, focusing on the following three challenges: sustainability – social inclusiveness & human rights – digitalisation.

The new curriculum also provides, besides the theoretical courses, skills courses to train the students to assume leading positions in an interconnected world where legal areas are increasingly interlinked. Students will acquire a multidisciplinary perspective and will receive a very versatile training, covering the various roles that they can take on professionally, be it as a legal advisor, policy maker, negotiator, data or sustainability consultant, human rights defender, or researcher.

The LLM curriculum has three components: the first block deals with core contemporary areas of international and European Law, with a total of 18 ECTS. The second block trains students on the major challenges of the interconnected global and crosscutting areas: sustainability, social inclusiveness

and human rights, and digitalisation. Each of these areas is weighted equally, i.e. 9 credits for a total of 27 ECTS. The third (research) block of 15 credits consists of writing a Master’s thesis on a topic chosen by the student, with personalised guidance during the process.

1.1.1 Blended learning

The LLM’s new curriculum also incorporates the VUB blended learning policy by combining theoretical courses with (connected) skills training courses. This translates in the organisation of the semesters, being the first one intensive in teaching hours and theoretical courses, while the second mainly contains skills courses with less contact hours, so that students can prepare the group assignments and conduct research for the thesis. During the pandemic, many courses were taught in a hybrid setup, and on occasions they were moved from in-person to online teaching. From this academic year, the rule is to hold all courses on campus and exceptionally in hybrid or online mode.

1.1.2 Visits

In 2021-2022 the courses were complemented with visits to the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Commission. For the new curriculum, besides the previous ones, two new visits are scheduled: the EU library and The Hague (International Court of Justice).

1.2 Diversity policy and personnel issues (Strategic objective 2)

Since October 2021, four new professors have been appointed. So far, the objective of increasing diversity is being reached in terms of nationalities (three new nationalities) and somewhat in terms of gender (two new female professors, who also for the first time, come from other continents: Latin America and Africa).

1.3 Clarification of the responsibilities and authority of the IES, VECO, the Faculty of Law, and the VUB (Strategic objective 3)

The programme directors have been working on the definition of competences and responsibilities of the entities involved in the organisation of the LLM. As a VUB programme, it follows VUB rules, however, in terms of daily administration it relies on the BSoG management, which is seeking to align with Vesalius College. This situation needs a clear roadmap in order to improve the management of the programme.

LLM IN INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LAW

CORE CONTEMPORARY THEMES - 18 ECTS

EU Constititional Law and Judicial Protection

Legal Aspects of EU External Relations

EU Economic Law

EU Competition Law

Case Study on EU Competition Law

GLOBAL LEGAL CHALLENGES - 27 ECTS

SUSTAINABILITY - 9 ECTS

• Global Governance and Sustainable Development

• International and EU Environmental Law

• Practice of EU Environmental Policymaking

SOCIAL INCLUSIVENESS & HUMAN RIGHTS - 9 ECTS

• International and European Protection of Human Rights

• International and European Migration and Asylum Law

• Practice of Human Rights Protectioin

DIGITALISATION - 9 ECTS

• Internationakl and European Data Protection Law

• European Law and the Digital Transformation

• International and European Taxation

RESEARCH (THESIS) - 15 ECTS

LLM IN INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LAW

The new curriculum also connects with the Brussels School of Governance (VUB)’s research areas such as sustainability, climate policies, digitalisation, and migration and diversity. This environment allows LLM students to learn about developments in these areas directly from those who are leading the field. An operational objective is also to find synergies with the EuroMaster, in order to further integrate the programme into the research centres of the BSoG. Some aspects of crucial collaboration with the VUB are the following:

1.3.1 Evaluation of professors

From 2021, the files (evaluation of professors) of the previous years were transferred to the representative of the VUB Quality Assurance Department (QAD). This way, this remains confidential information available for the programme director upon request. It was also decided that the VUB QAD will organise the evaluation process in coordination with the programme director. The format will depend on the number of participants

1.3.2 Marketing

The collaboration has been smooth with the BSoG marketing department, which has also contacted the VUB marketing and alumni office. A new action is the strengthening of the alumni network, which is needed particularly to recover the gap that the pandemic left. The strengthening of the alumni network is a priority for helping students in connecting to the professional world.

2 Students

At the level of enrolment, in the academic year 20212022 eleven students graduated from the programme, most of them with honours. For the academic year 2022-2023, 16 students enrolled, which represents a considerable increase over the previous year.

The students come from four continents, with a balanced composition between Europeans (50%) and non- Europeans (50%). The graphs on the following pages show the evolution of the programme in terms of student recruitment.

3 Tuition fee and enrollment policy

The tuition fee for academic year 2022-23 was €13,000 (including e.g. a field trip to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg and a visit to the European Commission). It excludes the cost for study materials. The above is applicable to both EU and nonEU students.

In terms of application and registration, students are selected on the basis of the quality of their prior qualifications. In the case of the LLM, a diploma in Law is required (a check is done for foreign students whether their degree gives access to the Bar). We aim to ensure that all students have received high grades in their previous studies, in order to guarantee the quality of the education delivered in the Programme. The process for managing applications is based on review of applications by an Admissions Committee, comprised of the respective Programme Directors and the Student Registration Officer. In the case of the LLM, the Admissions Committee is enlarged with several

stakeholders (professors and alumni). The process involves checking the merit of the application in order to ensure they fulfil the entry requirements, as noted below. Secondly, the language skills of the student are checked, by means of a valid language test certificate. In cases of doubt, the covering letter provided by the applicant is crucial to understanding the quality and motivation for the study.

Finally, the VUB Central Offices carries out a strict legal check in terms of the student's capacity to participate in the programme, also checking the validity of their diplomas. In this way, through the recruitment process, the Admissions Committee, and the VUB checks, we maintain the quality and veracity of the application and registration processes, and thus the quality of the student body participating in the Programme.

4 Career follow-up

Individual students do maintain contacts with the professorial corps, and some are even invited back to individual courses to participate as guest lecturers. Graduates of the programme have ended up in a number of organisations relevant to their studies. A recent alumni survey has shown that we have graduates from our programme working mainly in the legal and public policy sectors, in organisations and companies including the Council of the EU, EU Commission, EU Parliament, the European Securities and Markets Authority, the WHO, Carlton Fields, NautaDutilh, Sidley Austin etc..

Source: VUB Factsheet 2022

MSC IN EUROPEAN INTEGRATION (EUROMASTER) Programme

Our EuroMaster programme has been tailored to give international postgraduate students and professionals the opportunity to combine a demanding and rewarding study programme on European Integration with their professional activities. Lectures are organised in the evenings and the programme can be completed over either one or two years.

The programme comprises 60 ECTS and starts with a common core of courses on the essential features of European Integration and research skill development. After this, students can choose two options out of four specialisation streams, in Economics, Environment, Migration, and Security. The programme ends with a Research Methods Lab, worth 3 ECTS, and a 15,000-word thesis worth 15 ECTS, allowing the students to engage in an exciting intellectual journey on the topic of their choice, with a supervisor from the VUB. In 2021-2022, students wrote theses about a wide range of topics on a number of aspects of contemporary European policymaking.

EuroMaster emerging beyond COVID-19 and facing other challenges in 2022

As with all programmes at our mother university, the VUB, the dramatic impact of the Coronavirus in 2020 and 2021 continued to be felt throughout 2022. This year was a challenging one for students and staff alike, as inclass participation became the norm again, and hybrid

teaching became an additional feature of our educational offering. The challenges for our students and staff alike did not stop with the end of COVID-related restrictions: the various geopolitical tensions, and outbreak of war in Ukraine in February, also added to the challenges for both learning and teaching.

We were able to offer a mixture of onsite, hybrid, and online education during 2022, and for the most part, were able to accommodate needs of the student body concerning health restrictions (such as confinement and incapacity to travel). Our students and teaching staff have been able to find a good mixture of remote and onsite education that suits the needs of the students and the teaching staff accordingly. Our students continued to stay in touch with each other via social networks. The platform we had designed specifically for 'community development' in 2020 was used to keep the students abreast of new developments, information about potential internships, and other lectures that have taken place in the context of the school. Meeting for ad hoc and one-on-one sessions in our digital spaces became the norm, as professors and students alike adapted to the new working environment, although moving back to a more ‘physical’ interaction space became the norm with most colleagues and students.

We continuously fine-tuned our online education infrastructure and services, so that students were able to flexibly – and safely – get the most out of their ‘EuroMaster’ experience: the constant threat of being required to move back to online education formats meant that we maintained a flexibility in our teaching arrangements. The quality of the theses remained solid

despite the challenges faced by many of our students. Two EuroMaster students were awarded a Thesis Prize for high quality theses submitted in the first examination session, and over the entire year, five students graduated with summa cum laude (greatest distinction), with twelve graduating with cum laude (great distinction).

Our graduation ceremony in the summer of 2022, for the students who had finished their studies earlier on that year also brought together the graduates from the first and second session exams (we had decided to keep the format of one graduation ceremony per year for these students). This year, we held the cermony in an onsite only manner, which allowed all graduates to celebrate in Brussels with their friends and family. The graduation ceremony was presided over by Prof. dr. Van Kerckhoven, Vice-Dean for Education at the Brussels School of Governance, and the Commencement Speech was provided by Dr. Angela Liberatore, who currently holds a position at the European Research Council, and has been a long-time observer of the EuroMaster Programme, as a one-time lecturer in the Programme.

As the academic year 2022-2023 started with the optimism that ran counter to the covid-threatened previous academic year, teaching started in an onsite context. We started the year with several intentions to develop asynchronous learning opportunities for our students (pre-recorded videos to optimise achievement of learning objectives). This has been carried out in the Research Methods course, for example, where PhD students and visiting scholars at the IES have been given the opportunity to briefly describe the research methods they use in their research. Also, a necessary change in lecturer for one of our core courses allowed our new

lecturer (Prof. dr. O’Dubhghaill) to make use of prerecorded video slots to share additional information to his students. We have thus tried to continue our teaching and learning innovation, as we continuously adapt our teaching programmes.

The EuroMaster Programme was also invited to develop a new strategic plan for the coming years, which was submitted to the VUB’s Central Education Council. This strategic plan outlined a few key areas where it aims to develop:

• The establishment of an employability group and closer relations between alumni and potential employers for our (recent) graduates

• Enhancement of the specialisations in the Euromaster programme

• Capitalisation of follow-through students

• The Coordination of skills development for students across all courses, ensuring consistency and excellence

In terms of networking, despite the repercussions of Brexit for the wider EU, the EuroMaster programme continues to participate in a double degree partnership with the University of Warwick, which allows students to combine the Warwick Master programme in Politics with our Euromaster programme. Students who follow the double degree track only need to submit one thesis for both degrees. Similarly, we saw increased cooperation with the Faculty of Social Sciences and Solvay Business School at the VUB, where an increasing number of students choose to take the EuroMaster programme after having studied on the MA in European and International Governance.

Numbers

A total of 25 students graduated in 2022, which is a reduced number from previous years, but within our target range. Much of this is due to students opting to take the programme over two years rather than one. The EuroMaster Programme has always boasted a versatile, international selection of students from all around the world, and taken into account a balanced representation of geographic regions, including, when possible, support for students from developing countries.

In September 2022, 21 new students started the programme, and 28 students re-enrolled from previous academic years to continue their part-time studies. We thus had a total number of 49 students enrolled in the programme in 2023.

As perhaps reflecting the shift in broader EU policymaking, with the emphasis at the EU level on the flagship policy for the European Green Deal, the most popular combination of choice for specialisation in our EuroMaster programme remained Environment and Security in 2022/2023 for the second year in a row.

Tuition fee and enrollment policy

For the academic year 2022-23, students taking the programme in one year paid €6,000 (60 Study Points).

Students taking the programme in two years paid €3,500 per academic year, so €7,000 in total. These tuition fees were applicable to both EU and non-EU students.

In terms of recruitment, the IES Programme Director

participates, alongside current and past students in webinars that are organised by the IES. These events give an opportunity for the Programme Director to field any questions about applications and registration in the Programme.

In terms of application and registration, EuroMaster students are selected on the basis of the quality of their prior qualifications. Previous studies completed by the students entering the programme typically include MA degrees in the social and political sciences in the broader sense, with the majority of our cohorts having obtained a degree in international relations, law, and history. We aim to ensure that all students have received high grades in their previous studies, in order to guarantee the quality of the education delivered in the Programme. The process for managing applications was based on review of applications by an Admissions Committee, comprised of the two Programme Directors (one from the IES and the other from the VUB) and the Student Registration Officer. The process involves checking the merit of the application in order to ensure they fulfil the entry requirements, as noted below. Secondly, the language skills of the student are checked, by means of a valid language test certificate. In cases of doubt, the covering letter provided by the applicant is crucial to understanding the quality and motivation for the study. Finally, the VUB Central Offices carries out a strict legal check in terms of the student's capacity to participate in the programme, also checking the validity of their diplomas. In this way, through the recruitment process, the Admissions Committee, and the VUB checks, we maintain the quality and veracity of the application and registration processes, and thus the quality of the student body participating in the Programme.

MSC IN EUROPEAN INTEGRATION (EUROMASTER)

Career follow-up

The EuroMaster Programme keeps in touch with its former students in a number of ways. First, the IES has established a LinkedIn group for alumni. We invite all current and past students to join in this group, where we post items of information to the community. This can include job vacancies, information about events at the IES and in our networks, and other relevant issues of interest.

Individual students do maintain contacts with the professorial corps, and some are even invited back to individual courses to participate as guest lecturers. Graduates of the programme have ended up in a number of organisations relevant to their studies. We currently have graduates from our programme working in the German Foreign Ministry, the OECD, the European Commission, the Catalan Permanent Representation to the EU, several NGOs connected to the Brussels Bubble, as well as a number of public affairs organisations, consulting firms such as PwC, the European Parliament, and the Department of Economy, Science and Innovation in the Flemish Government.

The EuroMaster Programme also is taking steps to further professionalise its relations with alumni. After a pause for COVID, the programme will relaunch its alumni event, bringing together former and current students to provide inspiration for our graduates-to-be. In 2023, the Programme will also create an 'employability panel' comprised of actors in potential employment fields who will advise on programme direction and content.

MSC IN EUROPEAN INTEGRATION (EUROMASTER)

POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN EU POLICY-MAKING

Objectives and pedagogy

The Postgraduate Certificate (PGC) in EU Policy Making is a fully online programme which focuses on the European integration process, the European Union, its institutions, and policies. This innovative educational programme in European studies is geared towards professionals as well as students with a daytime schedule. Its curriculum can be flexibly followed over the course of one academic year or two.

Curriculum

The PGC includes three compulsory courses:

• History and Theories of European Integration

• EU Institutions

• EU Decision-Making and Law

Students must also follow two elective courses, from a choice of four:

• EU Foreign Affairs

• EU Justice and Home Affairs

• European Public Policy Analysis

• Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Europe

Students

30 students were enrolled in the programme at start of the academic year 2021-2022. Among them, 17 were newly enrolled students (12 as full-time students, 5

as part-time students), 10 were part-time students reenrolled for their second year and 3 still had to complete the programme through participation in the IES/ BSoG winter or summer school on EU policy making. In 2021-2022, most students came from Europe (Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Italy, Ireland, Spain, the Netherlands, Ukraine), while a few also came from the US, Cameroon and Australia. Students were evenly distributed in terms of gender. 13 students graduated from the programme in August 2022.

Staff

In 2021-2022, newly hired adjunct teaching staff included Sean O'Dubhghaill, Demir Murat Seyrek and Sibel Top. Marion Tomsett handled the administration of the programme while René Hermens provided IT assistance. Elie Perot was the programme director.

POSTGRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN EU POLICY-MAKING

Tuition fee and enrollment policy

The tuition fee for the PGC in EU Policy Making in 2022 depends on whether you decide to complete the programme over the course of one or two academic years. The cost for the programme is as follows: € 1.000 registration fee + € 100 per credit (25 credits in total). This means that the total cost is € 3.500 if you wish to complete the study in one year. If you want to spread it over two years, the cost is € 2.500 for the first year (€ 1.000 enrolment + 15 credits) and € 1.400 for the second year (€ 400 enrolment + 10 credits).

Students for the PGC in EU Policy Making are selected on the basis of the merits of their qualifications, which depend on: 1) their prior degrees (as well as the grades they received for them); 2) their language skills in English;

3) their motivation for following the programme.

Students entering the PGC in EU Policy Making usually have a master degree in social, economic or political sciences, business, law and/or contemporary history (the formal requirement is an undergraduate degree of at least 180 ECTS). Occasionally, students with a degree in natural sciences are admitted to the programme, when the study of EU policy-making serves clear professional goals for them (for instance, if they are already working or plan to work for an EU scientific agency). Proof of sufficient language skills in English is required. This can be a valid language test certificate or proof that the prospective student has already obtained a degree taught in English.

Finally, as the PGC in EU Policy Making is primarily aimed at working students who generally have to deal with competing professional commitments, particular attention is paid to the motivation of prospective students.

Candidates that clearly demonstrate that completing the PGC in EU Policy Making would serve their professional goals or personal interests are thus typically favoured over those with more generic motivations.

In terms of process, applications are assessed on a rolling basis by the Programme Director.

SUMMER SCHOOL ON EU POLICY-MAKING

The Inter-University Summer School on EU Policy-Making is an intensive short study programme, developed and delivered by the Brussels School of Governance, the Vienna School of International Studies and the University of Vienna. Since 2013, this course is a compulsory component of the Post-Graduate Certificate for EU Policy-Making. It was also an Erasmus+ Programme Jean Monnet Module (2019-2022) and is now part of a Jean Monnet Chair (2022-2025). The programme runs over two weeks (4-15 July 2022), the first one taking place in Brussels at the Brussels School of Governance and the second one in Vienna at the Vienna School of International Studies. After two online editions, due to COVID restrictions, the edition of 2022 could be held in person

Thirty-nine participants coming from all over the world completed the 2022 edition of the summer school. The students came mainly from Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, The Netherlands, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Four American participants also found their way to our summer school, as well as students from Armenia, Australia, Belarus, Cuba, Ghana, India, Kenya, Mexico and Uzbekistan.

The summer school curriculum consists of lectures, workshops, a simulation game, exclusive insights with EU staff and optional social interaction moments.

During the summer school, participants first receive a general introduction to EU institutions, policy-making processes and select key policy areas, before delving into the thematic focus of the programme. Similar to 2021,

the focus of the Summer School was civil rights. The start of weeks 1 and 2 is lecture-intensive in order to gain a lot of knowledge in a short period

We then process the knowledge gained from the lecture series in workshops and the simulation game. In the simulation game this year, the students, as representatives of the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, negotiated several articles of proposed Equal Pay for Equal Work between Men and Women: Pay Transparency legislation. This simulated structured learning allows participants to apply their knowledge of substantive policy areas and policy-making rules.

Our return to an in person summer school made it possible to visit the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council / Council of the EU (in Brussels) and the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (in Vienna). During these visits, we received a guided tour, and personnel from the EU institutions shared their expertise and experience with participants. Students also met with experts from the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the EU External Action Service and the Austrian Federal Ministry for Europe and International Affairs.

The Summer School on EU Policy-Making is made possible with the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union, the Flemish Ministry of Education and Training and the Flemish Higher Education Council (VLUHR).With the subsidy from the Erasmus + Programme (Jean Monnet Module) and from VLUHR, we were able to waive the tuition fee for two students in financial need.

It has been amazing! As a Mexican, I believe that understanding the functioning of the EU is extremely important because of the strong relations between Mexico and the European Union. Definitely the best experience for me was the visit to the European institutions plus the exceptional participation of each spokesperson in every lecture. I find this combination quite accurate since personally it has been very helpful in understanding the workings of the EU policymaking process. Simply put, a creative, interactive and productive summer school.

Vanessa Espinosa

2022 Summer School student

WINTER SCHOOL ON EU POLICY-MAKING

From 7-18 February 2022, the Brussels School of Governance, in collaboration with the Vienna School for International Studies, organised its second online Winter School on EU Policy-Making, the virtual counterpart of our longstanding Summer School on EU Policy-Making.

Twenty-six participants (+35% compared to the 2021 edition) from seventeen countries joined from locations across Europe (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Luxembourg) and beyond (Australia, Georgia, Indonesia, South Korea). Together, they interacted in the two-week intensive online course to learn more about EU policy-making, governance and law, and its relation to other international organisations. The programme had a special focus on digital rights and diplomacy, touching on policy discussions related to freedom of expression, data protection, disinformation resilience, and platform responsibility.

A special feature of the Winter School during the first week was the simulation exercise. Students from our partner universities in the EUTOPIA alliance joined our exercise and simulated the EU ordinary legislative procedure for two days with thirty-seven students online.

They took on alter-ego roles as European Commissioners, national ministers, members of the European Parliament, tech executives, civil society and media and negotiated two sets of proposed amendments of the EU Digital Services Act (on a ban on targeted advertising for minors and an exemption of media from platform content moderation) for two days.

In the second week participants had the opportunity to interact with practitioners in the EU institutions

To create (optional) social interaction moments and build online group cohesion, students were invited every day to participate in a challenge. If they completed more than five challenges, they received a surprise (Belgian chocolate or book about the EU) at the end of the winter school. Playing music during the breaks proved a big hit, as well as office yoga to re-energize for the afternoon sessions.

Both the Winter School and EUTOPIA project are made possible with the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union. With the subsidy from the Erasmus + Programme (Jean Monnet Module), we were able to waive the tuition fee for one student in financial need.

WINTER SCHOOL ON EU POLICY-MAKING

OFFICE FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING INNOVATION COMPLETED PhD PROJECTS

OTLI's mission in a nutshell

The Office for Teaching and Learning Innovation (OTLI) facilitates the further development and implementation of the Brussels School of Governance’s educational strategy. It serves as a knowledge hub - with a focus on pedagogical innovation and the use of technology to enhance learning - for students, teaching staff, researchers and management in the School. OTLI’s expertise and experience ranges from pedagogical (policy) advice to professional development and quality assurance. In addition, the OTLI provides Canvas LMS support and is responsible for the design and management of the student information system.

Personnel

The OTLI is directly supervised by the Vice Dean for Education and the Head of Secretariat, and in 2022 the team consisted of Chris Janssens (Teaching & Learning Innovation Officer), Jelle De Smet (Teaching & Learning Innovation Officer) and René Hermens (Senior Expert Teaching & Learning Innovation).

Activities and accomplishments

In 2022, the School predominantly organised oncampus classes, reducing the immediate need for technical support with regards to Canvas and hybrid teaching as was the case during the phase of emergency remote teaching prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The OTLI committed to providing manuals and professional development initiatives for instructors to strengthen the knowledge base built over the past year and to ensure sustainability. At the same time, a new student information system

needed to be built and implemented to replace our current SIS solution. For that reason, the OTLI has dedicated a significant part of its human resources to the design and implementation of the new student information system based on Oracle Peoplesoft Campus Solutions together with consultancy firm CY2. With the new system now in place in a basic setup, we are able to better support the learning journey of students in our School and reduce the administrative burden for the support staff to allow for a more sustainable workload.

In 2023, OTLI’s focus will be on providing (policy) advice to management related to educational organization, innovation, quality assurance and professional development. We aim to provide a solid support framework for the years to come based on the policy outlines developed in the School.

Focus and future

The team at the OTLI has focused their efforts on the following domains in 2022 (approximations):

50% Projects (SIS) 20% Canvas LMS support

10% Pedagogical advice for teaching and learning innovation

10% Continuous professional development

5% Permanent quality assurance

5% Infrastructure

Diana Potjomkina

On 20 January 2022, Diana Potjomkina successfully defended her PhD thesis entitled: “Multistakeholderism in the European Union’s Trade Policy-Making: Analysing Domestic Advisory Groups”. The PhD defence started with a welcome note by the Chair, Prof. Harri Kalimo (Brussels School of Governance). After her presentation, Diana answered questions from the jury which consisted of Prof. Maria Garcia (Bath University), Prof. Gaelle Dusepulchre (International Federation for Human Rights/ULB), Prof. Ferdi De Ville (Universiteit Gent), and Prof. Trisha Meyer, Ph.D (Brussels School of Governance, VUB). After that, Diana’s PhD Promotor Prof. Jamal Shahin (Brussels School of Governance, VUB) gave a speech reflecting on their excellent collaboration over the years. Finally, the PhD defence was concluded by Diana’s speech in which she thanked her supervisors, members of the jury, family and friends, for their support.

Jimmy Hendry Nzally

On 16 May 2022, Jimmy Hendry Nzally successfully defended his PhD thesis entitled: “Explaining Democratic Change in The Gambia: Understanding the Fall of Yahya Jammeh in the December 2016 Elections”. The PhD defence started with a welcome note by the Chair, Prof. Ilke Adam (Brussels School of Governance). After his presentation, Jimmy answered questions from the jury which consisted of Prof. Momodou Sallah, Ph.D (De Montfort University, Leicester), Prof. Jussi Laine, Ph.D (University of Eastern Finland), and Mohammad Salman, Ph.D (Brussels School of Governance, VUB). After that, Jimmy's PhD Promotors Prof. Angela Tacea and Prof. Florian Trauner (Brussels School of Governance, VUB) gave a speech reflecting on their excellent collaboration with Jimmy over the years. Finally, the PhD defence was concluded by Jimmy's speech in which he thanked his supervisors, members of the jury, family and friends, for their support. He also thanked the Embassy of The Gambia for its collaboration and support.

Yijia Huang

On 30 August 2022, Yijia Huang successfully defended her PhD thesis entitled: “The effects of identity on political and civic participation”. The PhD defence started with a welcome note by the Chair, Prof. Florian Trauner (Brussels School of Governance). After her presentation, Yijia answered questions from the jury which consisted of Prof. Géraldine André, Prof. Rebecca Thys, Dr. Laura Westerveen, and Prof. Jonas Lefevere. After that, Yijia's PhD Promotors Prof. Ilke Adam and Dr. Serena D’Agostino (Brussels School of Governance, VUB) gave a speech reflecting on their excellent collaboration with Yijia over the years. Finally, the PhD defence was concluded by Yijia's speech in which she thanked her supervisors, members of the jury, family and friends, for their support.

COMPLETED PhD PROJECTS

COMPLETED PhD PROJECTS

Ernesto Roessing

On 28 September 2022, Ernesto Roessing successfully defended his PhD thesis entitled: “The relevance of transnational lawmaking by non-sovereign actors: a study of two cases of rulemaking on REDD+”. The PhD defence started with a welcome note by the Chair, Prof. Liliana Lizarazo Rodriguez. After his presentation, Ernesto answered questions from the jury which consisted of Prof. Joyeeta GUPTA, Ph.D, Prof. Arnaud Van Waeyenberge, Prof. Anne Lagerwall and Prof. Harri Kalimo. After that, Ernesto's PhD Promotors Prof. Sebastian Oberthür and Prof. Vaios Koutroulis gave a speech reflecting on their collaboration with Ernesto over the years. The PhD defence was concluded by Ernesto's speech in which he thanked his supervisors, members of the jury, family and friends, for their support.

Sibel Top

On 21 November 2022, Sibel Top successfully defended her PhD thesis entitled: “The political offence exception clause to extradition in Europe: An analysis of its evolution and application with a special focus on the Catalan independence crisis”. After her presentation, Sibel answered questions from the jury which consisted of Prof. Ilke Adam, Dr. EmmanuelPierre Guittet, Prof. Kristin Henrard, Dr. Julia Jansson, Prof. Valsamis Mitsilegas and Dr. Angela Tacea.

After that, Sibel’s PhD Promotors Prof. Paul De Hert and Prof. Florian Trauner gave a speech reflecting on their collaboration with Sibel over the years

Finally, the PhD defence was concluded by Sibel’s speech in which she thanked her supervisors, members of the jury, family and friends, for their support.

PUBLICATIONS

2022 Publications at a glance

Books: 9

Book chapters: 20

Journal articles 64

Unpublished papers: 8

Policy reports: 28

Other contributions: 9

PUBLICATIONS

POLICY BRIEFS

TITLE

Who Do You Think We Are? Recommendations to Improve our Knowledge of the Composition of Multistakeholder Participation at the IGF

Regional trade agreements in the IndoPacific: does the EU risk losing sight of their importance?

The Western Balkans and the EU: Bosnia’s war - Thirty years after

Fixing NATO’s 2014 Defense Investment Pledge

UNU-CRIS Policy Brief • By Nadia Tjahja,

Jamal Shahin, Trisha Meyer

Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation 14/01/2022

POLICY BRIEFS

European Strategic Responsibility Must Focus on Russia

Turning to Algeria to replace Russian gas: A false solution

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 08/2022 By Henrik Larsen

C3E Policy brief 2/2022 • By Reinhilde Bouckaert and Claire Dupont

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 03/05/2022

Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy 05/05/2022

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 01/2022 By Michael

Reiterer

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 28/01/2022

Rapprochement in Times of Crisis: War in Ukraine and the EUJapan Partnership

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 09/2022 By Céline

Pajon and Eva Pejsova

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy, Japan Chair

CSDS POLICY BRIEF • 02/2022 By Wolfgang Petritsch

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 03/2022 By Robert G. Bell

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 09/02/2022

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 23/02/2022

The EU Data Act: Towards a new European data revolution?

The War in Ukraine, the Strategic Compass, and the Debate Over EU Strategic Autonomy

CEPS Policy Brief • Clément Perarnaud Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 11/2022 By Robert G. Bell

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy

NATO and China: Addressing new challenges

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 04/2022 By Meia Nouwens

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 05/2022 By David McAllister

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 25/03/2022

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 09/03/2022 Parliamentary engagement strengthens democracy in the Indo-Pacific

Bargaining with Blood: Russia’s War in Ukraine

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 06/2022 By Kathryn Hedgecock and Robert Person

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 06/04/2022

Rising Risks: Protecting Europe with the Strategic Compass

NATO, the EU and the Return of Collective Defence

Rethinking Nuclear Deterrence: A European Perspective

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy

13/05/2022

South Korea as a “global pivotal state”: the role of partners

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 07/2022 By Ramon

Pacheco Pardo

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy, KF-VUB Korea Chair

21/04/2022

The State of the European Union: Coping with New Technologies

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 13/2022 • SPECIAL

EDITION By Alexander Mattelaer

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 23/05/2022

06/06/2022

The digitalisation of armed conflicts: Three humanitarian priorities

Room for improvement. Analyzing redress policy on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter

India to profit from the war in Ukraine and the Russia-China Joint Statement

It’s Bifurcation, not Bipolarity: Understanding World Order after the Ukraine Invasion

Shaping sustainable and sovereign digitalisation [in German]

POLICY BRIEFS

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 14/2022  By Peter Maurer

CD2I POLICY BRIEF • By Trisha Meyer

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 13/06/2022

Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation 22/06/2022

POLICY BRIEFS

Putin’s Private Army: How Wagner Group Supports Russian Strategy

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 19/2022  By Patrick Wouters

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 08/11/2022

South Korea: A Pivotal State under Construction

South Korea’s Narrowing Policy Space in International Economic Cooperation

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 15/2022  By Claude Rakisits

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 16/2022  By Richard Higgott and Simon Reich

"Digitalisierung nachhaltig und souverän gestalten". CO:DINA

Positionspapier 10 •

By Fritzsche, K., Pohle, J., Bauer, S., Haenel, F., Eichbaum, F. (2022).

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 17/2022  By Ramon Pacheco Pardo

CSDS POLICY BRIEF

• 18/2022  By Lee Il Houng

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 23/06/2022

Tough luck if you’re in BELUX? Platform responses to disinformation in Belgium and Luxembourg

CD2I POLICY BRIEF • By Samuel Cipers and Trisha Meyer

Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation / EDMO BELUX

10/11/2022

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 07/07/2022

The U.S.-South Korea alliance and the deterrence of China’s aggression against Taiwan

CSDS POLICY BRIEF • 20/2022  By Tongfi Kim

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy, KF-VUB Korea Chair 15/11/2022

Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation 12/07/2022

New Zealand: Can an indigenous foreign policy deliver?

What is political? The uncoordinated efforts of social media platforms on political advertising

CSDS POLICY BRIEF • 21/2022  By Nicholas Ross Smith & Bonnie Holster

CD2I POLICY BRIEF •

By Samuel Cipers and Trisha Meyer

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 13/12/2022

Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation 19/12/2022

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy, KF-VUB Korea Chair 22/09/2022

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy 10/10/2022

IES IN THE MEDIA IN 2022

IES IN THE MEDIA

NAVO en Rusland spreken vandaag over Oekraïnecrisis in Brussel Radio 1 11/01/2022 Europe must stop falling into the ISIS trap

It's time for a more geopolitical EU-Turkey cooperation

Tijd voor Europa om de rug te rechten tegen Poetin De Tijd 22/01/2022

EU will Marinepräsenz zwischen Afrika und Indien

Lessons learned by an EUobserver editor-in-chief

About inequalities: The heavy legacy of the pandemic and the ugly role of technology (in Greek)

North Korea Claims Longest-Range Missile Test Since 2017

Čong-un si skúša arzenál. Chystá niečo väčšie?

Where do South Korea's major presidential candidates stand on domestic and foreign policy?

En cas d'attaque d'un pays de l'Otan, les autres membres de l'alliance entrent-ils automatiquement en guerre?

Defensie-expert Alexander Mattelaer: ‘Alles staat of valt bij de verbetenheid van Oekraine om zichzelf gewapend te verdedigen’

Will North Korea scale up nuclear and missile tests?

The consolidation of telework and the fear of "invisible" surveillance (in Greek)

North Korea highly expected to resume missile tests

Presse 25/01/2022

Expert's take on IAEA's safety review on Fukushima water release Arirang News

Het conflict tussen Rusland en Oekraïne

Het is oorlog in Europa: deze scenario’s liggen op tafel VPRO VPRO 24/02/2022

South Korea's presidential election won't change its foreign policy

Expert roundup: What does conflict in Ukraine mean for the Korean Peninsula?

IES IN THE MEDIA IN 2022

Ukraine crisis could spark North Korean long-range missile testing, experts say

Wanneer valt Kiev?

South Koreans will vote for president next month, but don’t expect the country’s tried-and-tested economic policy to change

What innovation do we want? (in Greek)

Defectors on edge as South Korean election sets out different paths for ties with the North

Moeten we de dreiging over kernwapens serieus nemen?

We hebben Rusland en China te lang genegeerd

Die Uno hat entschieden, ein Abkommen gegen Plastikmüll auszuhandeln. Ein wichtiger Schritt – aber nur der erste von vielen

Is Yoon Suk-yeol the South Korean Trump?

Zeventigtal Belgen geeft zich op om mee te vechten tegen Russen

Hoe hard kan je de gewone Rus treffen? "Heikele gok dat ze hierdoor strijdvaardiger worden tegen Poetin

Expert's take on Biden's first State of the Union address

Instrumentation of science and the persistent need for transparency and consistency (in Greek)

European Digital Media Observatory BELUX: 'We aim to counter disinformation"

— not Ukraine — join the EU

Korea’s China ties in focus as ‘watershed’ presidential elections

Korea’s presidential candidates face balancing act amid rising anti-China sentiment

IES IN THE MEDIA IN 2022

Zuid-Koreanen moeten morgen kiezen voor de minste van twee kwaden

Südkorea: Neuer Präsident geht auf Konfrontationskurs zu Peking und „wird China deutlicher kritisieren“

South Korea’s new president weaponises anti-feminism to win election

Zuid-Koreanen kiezen voor de minste van twee kwaden De Morgen

Analysis: S.Korea's president-elect harnessed voter discontent. Now comes the hard part

toma partido en Europa

roundup: What Yoon Suk-yeol’s win means for inter-Korean relations

President Yoon's views on North Korean issues will be consistent with the United States

Westerse landen negeerden alarmbellen over conflict: “Deze oorlog is het resultaat van 30 jaar wegkijken”

Yoon's first response to North Korea provocations likely to determine course for next 5 years

Korea Test-Fires Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

North Korea Launches First ICBM Since 2017 (update) Voice of America

North Korea politicizes humanitarian aid...we should ask North Korean authorities to be more transparent when aid resumes

Korea Launches First ICBM Since 2017

key to ditching Russian energy

and Fury 2.0 with North Korea? Maybe Not, Analysts Say Voice of America

sancties tegen Rusland kunnen zich als een boemerang tegen

IES IN THE MEDIA IN 2022

Chinas aufmüpfiger Partner im Nordosten: Kim Jong-un testet Interkontinentalrakete

Future of South Korea-China relations amid U.S.-China rivalry Global Insight

State Department "Strongly Supports Inter-Korean Cooperation" as per the Exchange of Personal Letters between the Two Koreas

Expert's take on domestic, diplomatic challenges facing incoming Yoon administration

US Korean Peninsula experts: 'Kim Yo-jong's comments about the use of nuclear forced are exaggerated rants'

Tensions With North Rise as South Korea’s President-Elect Takes Tougher Line

Hoe Poetin de blamage van Kiev zelf in de hand werkte: ‘Niemand durft hem nog slecht nieuws te melden’

‘Moeder, waarom vechten we?’ Alain Platel en Koert Debeuf over de menselijke drang tot geweld

Blockchain: A misunderstood technology with multilevel potential (in Greek) Money Review

For a new ethic of scientific advice (in Greek)

Is the EU’s climate policy overhaul ambitious enough to meet its carbon targets?

South Korean president-elect's team meets Japan's Kishida Reuters

State Department "Strongly Supports Inter-Korean Cooperation" as per the Exchange of Personal Letters between the Two Koreas

Scientists with a cause: What do teeth and bones tell us about our ancestors? VUB Podcast Series

L’échange - Qu’en est-il du parcours d’intégration à Bruxelles?

Elected Candidate Should Send an EU Envoy to Strengthen Cooperation...To Help in Dealing with US-China Conflict

South Korea key for Europe to manage fallout from China-U.S. rivalry, report says

IES IN THE MEDIA IN 2022

Strengthening Korea-EU Relations Would Increase the Strategic Value of Korea Amid US-China Conflict

dat het recht op abortus dat al bijna 50 jaar bestaat, binnenkort misschien verdwijnt in de VS?

IES IN THE MEDIA IN 2022

Renewed alliances strengthen US approach in Indo-Pacific South China

Finland en Zweden overwegen NAVO-lidmaatschap: hoe word je lid van het militaire bondgenootschap?

Primera muerte reconocida por covid-19 en Corea del Norte, China ofrece ayuda

Does US support Yoon's hawkish stance on North Korea? The Korea Times

How will new South Korean president espouse liberal democracy, human rights in foreign policy?

Covid outbreak in North Korea: What we know, and what we don't know

Položí COVID-19 režim Kim Čong-una?

North Korea turns to China for help as COVID cases explode

became a whale from a shrimp that burst through its back

wil dat moskou een lesje leert

Yoon Signal Stronger Military Posture Against North Korean Threat

Economy and technology: To confront China, the US 'needs to work together with South Korea'

Threat of North Korean weapons test looms over Biden’s Asia visit

Expert roundup: What did the US and South Korea achieve at their latest summit?

Analysis: South Korea's Yoon uses Biden summit as springboard for global agenda as China looms

Otan : la Turquie peut-elle définitivement bloquer l'adhésion de la Finlande et de la Suède ?

Asia

IES IN THE MEDIA IN 2022

Quad launches ‘anti-China’ maritime surveillance plan Aljazeera 28/05/2022

Economic freedom and the role of the private sector widen the gap between the two Koreas...North Korea's refusal to open and reform will increase difficulties

Voice of America 30/05/2022

Hoe besmettelijk is een cryptowinter voor het financieel systeem? De Tijd 01/06/2022

L'"hiver crypto" peut-il contaminer l'ensemble du système financier? L'Echo 01/06/2022

Shrimp to Whale: South Korea from the Forgotten War to K-Pop Literary Review 01/06/2022

Scientists with a cause: Now is the time to take climate action, but what needs to be done?

What does North Korea's Kim Jong Un want from the Biden administration?

Korea Became a Whale from a Shrimp"... It Can Overcome US-China confrontation with the power of its culture

Experts: "South Korea's participation in the NATO summit strengthens deterrence against North Korea...contributes to the US-Korea alliance"

Yoon to Attend His First NATO Summit...Positive for the Defense Industry, A Burden on Relations with Russia and China

Reviewed in Short: New books from Ramon Pacheco Pardo, Preti

Leo

and Hanna

Zorgt het Rwanda-plan van de Britten voor minder migratie?

mag niet langer de NAVO-verstekeling zijn

bouw je de industrie om? ‘Statiegeld op plastic is een makkelijke maatregel met een grote impact’

ON-POINT: How will Seoul and Washington resolve N. Korea issues? Arirang News

‘Shrimp to Whale’: Well-told story of S. Korea’s rise to spotlight

'België zal van de NAVO extra F-35's moeten aankopen' De Morgen

Ucrania, la cumbre de Madrid y el futuro de la OTAN

Waarom is deze NAVO-top zo historisch?

IES IN THE MEDIA IN 2022

Is dit de getuigenis die Trump een strafzaak gaat opleveren? De Morgen

s’ouvre à la Finlande et la Suède, Ankara rompt son isolement

vooral ouderen zijn motor achter

Einde van het Wilde Westen op internet? Deze Europese wetten moeten wat offline illegaal is ook online illegaal maken

d’asile aux Pays-Bas : Ter Apel, le "Petit Château"

De ECB wil een aantrekkelijke digitale euro, die niet té aantrekkelijk is

Veel Russen hebben nog trauma’s van de jaren 90: hoe angst voor chaos nu Poetin in de kaart speelt De

Russische annexatie van Oost-Oekraïne maakt oorlog gevaarlijker dan ooit De Tijd

The Iranian regime's expiration date

het Iraanse regime De Standaard

NATO przeprowadzi ćwiczenia nuklearne w bazie sit powietrznych

Un exercice nucléaire de l’OTAN organisé au-dessus de la Belgique, la Russie "mise au courant"

nuclear exercise in Belgium next week

Geheim, gepland en grootschalig: NAVO houdt volgende week boven ons land jaarlijkse oefeningen in afwerpen van kernwapens

VRT NWS journaal 19u

Ćwiczenia sił jądrowych przeprowadzi NATO, a także Rosja Defence24 14/10/2022

Waarom de NAVO luidop communiceert over oefening met kernwapens op Kleine-Brogel

Waarom de NAVO nu zélf de aandacht vestigt op ‘geheime’ oefening met kernwapens in ons land Het Nieuwsblad 14/10/2022

Moskou zet spotgoedkope Iraanse kamikazedrones in voor het vuile werk De Standaard 14/10/2022

De uitwegen uit de asielcrisis: ‘Noodopvangplan schiet tekort’ Bruzz 22/10/2022

La politologue: «La problématique de l’accueil a été négligée» Le Soir 26/10/2022

Russische en Oekraïense troepen maken zich op voor ‘zwaarste strijd’ in Cherson de Tijd 27/10/2022

Trends Talk met defensie-expert Mattelaer: 'Oekraïense oorlog vraagt hervorming van ons buitenlands beleid Kanaal Z 29/10/2022

Why the West is losing support

EU Observer 01/11/2022

‘Waarom is het zo moeilijk om het leiderschap van Musk te laten bezinken?’ Knack 01/11/2022

Europe Talks Back - Europod Europod 04/11/2022

IES IN THE MEDIA IN 2022

Josep Borrell Fontelles, High Representative for the EU's Foreign and Security Policy, acting as keynote speaker at the Brussels Indo-Pacific Forum, 29 November 2022.

IES PUBLIC EVENTS IN 2022

13/01/2022 Conditional Spending and Federal Analogies in Europe's Recovery Plan

20/01/2022 Public Ph.D. Defense of Diana Potjomkina: Multistakeholderism in the European Union’s Trade Policy-Making: Analysing Domestic Advisory Groups

28/01/2022 Master Graduation Ceremony

21/02/2022 Forest Fires in Mediterranean Europe: Building Up to the Courts?

03/03/2022 Japan Program Public Lecture: The QUAD, AUKUS and the future of alliances in the Indo-Pacific

09/03/2022 (Re)Thinking Europe's 'migration crisis' through the lens of the vernacular: A lecture by Nick VaughanWilliams

09/03/2022 Feminist and Queer Solidarities - A Lecture Part of the Inter-University Lecture Caravan on Palestine

10/03/2022 South Korea’s Election: Foreign Policy Implications

17/03/2022 #PeaceforUkraine: Panel debate

17/03/2022 ASEAN's strategic challenges and the role of Japan in the Indo-Pacific geopolitical arena

18/03/2022 Cross-community EDMO BELUX Network Exchange

29/03/2022 The multiple faces of ecocide as a new crime against humanity: challenges and opportunities for states and companies

29/03/2022 Online info session on MA programmes at BSoG

20/04/2022 Research seminar with Saskia Bonjour

20/04/2022 Ukraine, Russia, and the West: What is Next?

21/04/2022 Data Sovereignty Seminar Series

21/04/2022 Data Sovereignty seminar #1: "Infrastructuring" Digital Sovereignty?

05/05/2022 BIRMM Research Day, together with EDGE, CeMIS & CESSMIR

09/05/2022 United States, Europe, Japan: Trilateral Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific

09/05/2022 CSDS- CSIS Transatlantic Dialogue on the Indo-Pacific

16/05/2022 Public Ph.D. Defense of Jimmy Hendry Nzally: Explaining Democratic Change in The Gambia: Understanding the Fall of Yahya Jammeh in the December 2016 Elections

17/05/2022

ERC Inaugural Lecture - Curiae Virides

25/05/2022 Data Sovereignty Seminar #2: Digital sovereignty in the new era of Internet Governance

IES PUBLIC EVENTS IN 2022

28/05/2022 Alumni Reunion - Vesalius College

03/06/2022 Ideational legacies and the politics of migration in European minority regions: Lecture by Christine Zuber

04/06/2022 Bachelor Graduation Ceremony

09/06/2022 Chinese Influence /Operations: A Machiavellian Moment

16/06/2022 Data Sovereignty Seminar #3: Resisting Data Colonialism: The Benefits and Limits of Data Sovereignty

20/06/2022 The global implications of the Ukraine war: views from Europe and Asia

30/08/2022 Public Ph.D. Defense of Yijia Huang: The Effects of Identity on Political and Civic Participation - A Study on Moroccan Belgian Youth

19/09/2022 Forum for Democratization and EU Relations on Africa

21/09/2022 EU State Aid Decisions and Access to Justice

28/09/2022 Public Ph.D. Defense of Ernesto Roessing: The relevance of transnational lawmaking by nonsovereign actors: a study of two cases of rulemaking on REDD+

29/09/2022 Policy Forum 1: Unilateralisation in the EU’s trade policies - Opening panel

29/09/2022 Brussels Korea Forum 2022

06/10/2022 Defence & Statecraft Forum

10/10/2022 The avoidable war: a conversation with Kevin Rudd

13/10/2022 Trilateral Trade Cooperation among the United States, South Korea and the European Union 13/10/2022 Policy Forum 2: Unilateralisation and a level playing field

31/10/2022

07/11/2022

IES PUBLIC EVENTS IN 2022

10/11/2022 Data Sovereignty Seminar #4: Digital/Sovereignty and European security integration

10/11/2022 Policy Forum 4: Unilateralisation and geopolitics

15/11/2022 The European Union, Emerging Global Business and Human Rights: a book panel

17/11/2022 TDI Yearly 2022

22/11/2022 The Role of International Organizations in Countering Russia’s Aggression against Ukraine

23/11/2022 Dissemination event: New insights on Return Processes & Return Governance

29/11/2022 Brussels Indo-Pacific Forum

30/11/2022 The Future of Competition Enforcement

05/12/2022 Paths to sustainable trade: mini or multilateralism?

07/12/2022 Online info session on 'Advanced Master in European Integration'

08/12/2022 ROK-EU Mutual Public Perception Survey Presentation & ROK-EU 60th Anniversary Logo Design Award Ceremony

08/12/2022 Online info session on 'LLM in International and European Law'

13/12/2022 Data Sovereignty Seminar #5:Sanctions, war and infrastructures of control: the project of sovereign RuNet after February 24, 2022

19/12/2022 BIRMM lecture ‘Family reunification policies: How bureaucrats make them work?’ with Carla Mascia and Amal Miri

IES RESEARCH COLLOQUIA IN 2022

25/01/2022 Environmental Provisions and the Greening of Trade Simon Happersberger Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy

22/02/2022 The impact of individual characteristics on voters' knowledge of parties' issue positions

Isaïa Jennart Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation

03/03/2022 (Workshop) Reading texts with machines: an introduction to corpus analysis and natural language processing in the social sciences and humanities

10/03/2022 On the outside looking in: The development of the EU's role in the Arctic

Tom Willaert Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation

Aslak Veierud Busch Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy

21/04/2022 The EU in the geopolitics of the energy transition (preliminary)

Marco Giuli Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy

27/04/2022 BIRMM Research Seminar with Catherine Xhardez Catherine Xhardez Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice

17/05/2022 The role of affordances in normbuilding on social network platforms

Nathalie Van Raemdonck Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation

24/05/2022 The concept of safety and the safe third country principle in EU asylum policies and practices

02/06/2022 The Strategic Response of Great Powers to Secondary States' Hedging

Gaia Romeo Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice

Fabio Figiaconi Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy

IES RESEARCH COLLOQUIA IN 2022

09/06/2022 Bringing parity back: (great) power transition and the changing character of warfare

23/06/2022 Putin' the Past to Work: The Strategic Use of Historical Narratives in Russia's Policy Discourse, 2000-2020

29/09/2022 An Agent of Change: Youth Meta-participation at the Internet Governance Forum

Octavian Manea Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy

Laura Vansina Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy

Nadia Tjahja Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation

25/10/2022 Framing Opposition and Support to Deportations in West Africa

10/11/2022 Unpacking Charles Taylor on digital personhood, for Gen Z Linksters

Omar N Cham Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice

Samuel Johns Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation

09/12/2022 Democratic myopia and EU climate and energy governance

Jana Gheuens Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy

STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT

The IES is a ‘special university institute’ with functional autonomy within the VUB. Since its inception, the institute has been governed by its own Board, whose members are proposed by the Rector and appointed by the University Council, following the provisions written down in the IES statutes (Organiek Reglement) that were updated in 2019. The management structure of the Institute is the following:

Board

The IES Board is the highest authority of the Institute and is responsible, inter alia, for approving the general strategy, policy plan, budget, and annual report. The Board also decides on research strategy and gives its final approval to the appointment of senior staff (ZAP).

The Board consists of 14 members: 6 external (to the VUB), 4 ZAP members with their main assignment at the VUB, the Rector (or his/her representative), a representative of the ZAP members of the IES and two students. In addition, one member of the junior academic personnel, one member of the administrative personnel, a representative of the faculty of Economics and Social Sciences and one of the faculty of Law and Criminology, the Vice-Rector for Education and Student Affairs and the Vice-Rector for Internationalisation attend the Board meetings with a consultative vote. Members of the Executive Committee (see below) are also invited.

Executive Committee

Daily management is the responsibility of the Executive Committee (ExCom), consisting of five members: the Dean (Luc Soete), the two Vice-Deans (Alexander Mattelaer and Sven Van Kerckhoven), the Executive Director (Anthony Antoine) and the Head of Secretariat (Jacintha Liem). They were appointed by the Board in

September 2019. Research Centres

Research management at the IES is primarily done through four research centres with a certain level of autonomy and led by a centre director (a ZAP member). All members of the academic staff belong to one or more centres where they report and organise their activities.

There are four centres at the Institute:

• CMDJ - The Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice (Co-Directors Ilke Adam, Florian Trauner)

• CD2I - The Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation (Director Trisha Meyer)

• CSDS - The Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (Director Luis Simon, Asst. Dir. Giulia Tercovich)

• C3E - The Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy (Co-Directors Harri Kalimo and Sebastian Oberthür)

Research / Education Councils

Under the auspices of the Vice-Dean for Research, a Research Council discusses all research-related issues at the IES. As a consultative body, it advises the ExCom and/or the Board on all research-related matters. It consists of all ZAP members of the IES.

Under the auspices of the Vice-Dean for Education, an Education Council discusses all education-related issues. It consists of the (teaching) programme directors of the IES and of Vesalius College. Similar to the Research Council, it advises the ExCom and/or the Board on education-related matters.

Board members

STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT

Karel De Gucht

President

Former European Commissioner

Leo Van Audenhove

VUB Professor

Sarah Engels

L'Oreal

Sandra Gallina

(resigning)

Director-General

European Commission

Eddy Bonne

Past Chairman

Flemings in the World (VIW)

Caroline Buts

VUB Professor

Frank Hoffmeister

Head of Unit, DG Trade, EC

Tony Joris

VUB Professor

Nic Van Craen

Algemeen Beheerder VUB

Representative of the Rector

Smiljana Ćujić

Student representative

Trisha Meyer

ZAP Representative

Freddy Van den Spiegel

Former Bank Manager

Karen Donders

VUB Professor

Oscar Llaudet Herrera

Student representative

GENDER & DIVERSITY

GENDER AND DIVERSITY

Gender and diversity are important elements of VUB’s overall policy. The university’s Gender Action Plan, launched in 2014, is a case in point. In 2018, the university’s statutes were amended to strive for a more balanced gender representation in policy bodies and academic committees. The IES, which in 2016 had already changed its regulations to this end, ensures that at least one third of the members of its Board and recruitment committees are from both genders. In the Board, six out of 14 members are women. Each of the Research Centres, is led by one or two Centre Directors. Out of the total of seven Centre Directors, three are women.

Several members of the IES play a pivotal role in the university's interdisciplinary groups on gender (RHEA) and on migration and minorities through BIRMM, the Brussels Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Migration and Minorities (led by the IES). Moreover, in our Research Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice, scholars contribute to the university's Interdisciplinary Master's on Gender and Diversity. Overall, the Institute employs 130 people (67 women and 63 men), yet in full-time equivalents, the rate is different: 58.5 FTE in total, of which 26.7 FTE women and 31.8 FTE men (or a ratio of 45.7% women and 54.3% men). The explanation is that many professors, who only teach one course in the IES programmes (0,1 FTE) are men, while many full-time researchers are women.

The Institute's management consists of five men (President, Dean, Vice-Dean for Research, Vice-Dean for Education, and Executive Director) and one woman (Head of Secretariat). There are seven female senior scholars among the 25 senior researchers that hold a ZAP mandate. The LLM programme director in 2022 was female, whilst the total number of teaching professors in the programme is only three out of 17. A change in this balance is difficult to achieve, as most teaching staff have long-term or tenured contracts. In the EuroMaster programme, there are eight male versus four female professors.

OUTREACH

OUTREACH

The IES communicates with the outside world by targeting the general public, Brussels-based policymakers, academics and researchers interested in the EU, as well as potential applicants (both students and professionals) for its various educational programmes.

In 2021, the IES created an alliance with Vesalius College and as of then on promoted its activities under the joint Brussels School of Governance (BSoG) brand. In 2022, the Brussels School of Governance continued to build up its followers on its social media channels, being LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. At the end of 2022, these channels attracted a substantial fan base:

If we have a look at the post impressions from 2022 (the number of times our posts were displayed on a person's screen) it is clear that our messages reach a substantial audience:

A new website (www.brussels-school.be) was created for the BSoG alliance in 2021. In 2022, the new website attracted a lot more traffic than the year before:

Brussels-school.be in 2022

New users 678.904

Brussels-school.be in 2021

213,520

The IES/BSoG sends out monthly newsletters to a broad target audience. At the end of 2022, its newsletter mailing list comprises 3,525 recipients. 8 editions were sent out in 2022. Average open rate in 2022 was 31% (in 2021: 20.1%).

In addition, some of the IES’ research centres have their dedicated social media channels, which are also very active and are building up their fan base day by day. The Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy is the most prominent one in this respect, with a very active Twitter account that had about 4,900 followers at the end of 2022, and the Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice with a Twitter account for its BIRMM project that ended 2022 with about 680 followers.

ACADEMIC COLLABORATION

In the context of its academic programmes and research activities the IES collaborates daily with universities and institutions around the world. In this section we first zoom in our unique relationship with Vesalius College within the framework of the Brussels School of Governance. Second, we turn to our longstanding partnerships with UNU-CRIS, the University of Warwick, the University of Southern California, Seoul National University, and the Vienna School of International Studies - Diplomatische Akademie Wien. Finally, we list a representative sample of operational collaboration with various partners in the framework of projects, publications, and events.

The structural alliance with Vesalius College

The Brussels School of Governance constitutes an alliance between the Institute for European Studies and Vesalius College, with the former focusing on research and postgraduate education and the latter on undergraduate and graduate education. As such, academic collaboration is the most intense in this unique framework – with the research activities of Vesalius College staff feeding into the research architecture offered by the IES. To this purpose, the older research clusters of the IES were transformed into research centres with a wider remit in the autumn of 2020. The School was formally launched in February 2021 and matured into a key player in 2022. More detailed overviews of centre activities can be found elsewhere in this report (p. 45-52).

Longstanding partners abroad EUTOPIA

Within the framework of the EUTOPIA European university alliance that VUB is part of, the IES has develop a close working relationship with the Department of Politics and International Studies (PAIS) of the University of Warwick. Collaboration is built on the EUtopia cotutelle PhD programme, of which the IES hosts two junior scholars (Laura Vansina and Samuel Cipers), a double MA degree (combining the Warwick MA trajectory with the advanced MA in European Integration at the IES), a joint BA programme being developed between PAIS and Vesalius College, and the University of Warwick acting as an important partner in the preparation of our EUIA23 conference.

Furthermore, IES professors Trisha Meyer and Sven Van Kerckhoven act as learning community members in the ‘Europe in the World’ EUtopia-module set up at the University of Gothenburg. Throughout the year, IES staff continued to monitor developments within the EUtopia alliance.

ACADEMIC COLLABORATION

UNU-CRIS

Together with the University of Ghent, the VUB partners with the United Nations University in operating the UNU Centre for Comparative Regional Integration Studies of the United Nations University (UNU-CRIS). Based in Bruges, UNU-CRIS conducts research and provides services in the field of regional integration in general, and on regional public goods and the role of regional organisations in globalisation more specifically. As the IES team constitutes the VUB lead element in shaping this relationship, several professors and researchers are closely involved in joint projects with UNU-CRIS staff. This includes, amongst others, the Unit on NonTraditional Diplomacy (UNTRAD) that was set-up in 2021 by IES professor Luk Van Langenhove, the joint PhD projects of Diana Potjomkina on multistakeholderism in EU trade policy and Nadia Tjahja on internet governance, and the wider GREMLIN project investigating multistakeholderism in regional and global governance (co-led by IES professor Jamal Shahin and UGent professor Jan Orbie). From November 2020 onwards, UNU-CRIS director Philippe De Lombaerde joined the IES ZAP cadre as 10% research professor, hence enabling close operational collaboration between team UNU-CRIS and team IES.

Diplomatic Academy of Vienna and University of Vienna

After a number of years in an online setting due to the pandemic, the IES Summer School on EU Policy Making in co-organisation with the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna and the University of Vienna, took place on campus again in 2022. The theme of the Summer School was civil rights in today’s EU. Packed with interactive seminars, the programme focused on civil rights, touching on policy discussions related to human security, migration, anti-discrimination, and diversity. Due to the great success of the Summer School format, an alternative Winter School edition was introduced for the second time from in February 2022 with the same partners. At this occasion, we invited students from our partner universities in the EUTOPIA alliance to join our online simulation exercise on the EU ordinary legislative procedure.

ACADEMIC COLLABORATION

It included a rich combination of lectures on the foreign and external policies of the European Union, part-time internships, and visits to European institutions and NATO in Brussels. It was led by Prof. Caterina Carta and classes were taught by a group of CSDS and BSoG professors and external lecturers.

Operational collaboration in projects, publications and events

Seoul National University

University of Southern California

For many years now, the IES-BSoG has organised the Brussels Programme on European Foreign Policy, a programme in collaboration with long-standing partner University of Southern California (USC). After a threeyear pause due to the pandemic, the 2022 edition of this Programme took place from 30 May until 1 July.

An important example of the long-standing relationship with Seoul National University (SNU) is the SNU in the EU Brussels Programme, of which the second edition took place on 4 July 2022. The group of 25 SNU students was complemented by five students who were the winners of the Model European Union organised in Seoul and coordinated by Professor Giulia Tercovich, as part of her EU sponsored project to support the European Union in carrying out public diplomacy activities in the Republic of Korea. The programme is led by Prof. Daniel Fiott. The students participated in lectures on the EU institutions and decision-making procedures, EU foreign and security affairs, EU-Asia relations, and joined study visits in Brussels, Strasbourg and Luxembourg, including visits to the EU Commission, the Council of the EU, EEAS, European Parliament, NATO and other.

IES researchers continued to engage with colleagues in a wide variety of international networks in various projects, publications, and events. The geographic range of the network is visualised in the figure below. Noteworthy highlights include the organisation of the Brussels IndoPacific Forum and the establishment of a Japan Chair in October 2022, both by our CSDS team; the start of the GreenDeal-NET project, a Jean Monnet Network involving 12 European universities from 11 European countries and led by our C3E team; our CD2I team’s TITAN project - AI for Citizen Intelligent Coaching against Disinformation (TITAN), a Horizon Europe project carried out by a consortium of 14 partners; and finally the H2020 Bridges project in which researchers from our CMDJ team engage in the analysis of migration narratives as part of a 12-member strong consortium led by the Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB).

Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy (C3E)

NAME PARTNER COUNTRY COLLABORATION* COMMENTS

Adelphi Germany R Decarbonisation and EU Foreign Policy

C2ES U.S. R Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement

CICERO Norway R CONNECT

Dublin City University Ireland B GreenDeal-NET

Ecologic Institute Germany R Several projects, incl. 4I-TRACTION

Energyville Belgium R Industrial decarbonisation

European Climate Foundation Belgium/EU R Industrial decarbonisation

Fridtjof Nansen Institute Norway R EU/international climate policy

Ghent University Belgium R GreenDeal-NET/FWO

Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Portugal B GreenDeal-NET

Lund University Sweden R Circular Economy

Maastricht University The Netherlands B GreenDeal-NET

Masaryk University Czechia B GreenDeal-NET

Tampere University Finland B EU law; human rights

University of East Anglia the UK R GreenDeal-NET

University of Eastern Finland Finland B Climate, trade, energy; GreenDeal-NET / NDC ASPECTS/4I-TRACTION;

University of Heidelberg Germany B GreenDeal-NET

University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences

Austria B GreenDeal-NET

University of Oslo Norway R GreenDeal-NET and general

University of Trento Italy B GreenDeal-NET

University of Turku Finland R EU and international economic law

Wuppertal Institute Germany R NDC ASPECTS

Yale University U.S. R Circular Economy; Industrial ecology

Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation (CD2I)

NAME PARTNER COUNTRY COLLABORATION* COMMENTS

USC USA E Programme on EU Foreign Policy

Warwick – PAIS UK B Member of EUtopia network

Seoul National University (SNU) South Korea E SNU in the EU summer school

* Collaboration in research (R), education (E), or both (B).

* Collaboration in research (R), education (E), or both (B).

NAME PARTNER COUNTRY COLLABORATION* COMMENTS

Vesalius College Belgium B CD2I members hold professorial positions

imec-SMIT Belgium R Tom Willaert and Nathalie Van Raemdonck hold joint positions, partner in EDMO BELUX and upcoming Horizon Europe projects

UNU-CRIS Belgium R CD2I members are research and professorial fellows, partner in GREMLIN and TRAPTS projects

University of Amsterdam Netherlands B Jamal Shahin holds assistant professor position, partner in upcoming Horizon Europe project

UCLouvain Saint-Louis Bruxelles Belgium R Georgios Terzis is visiting professor, partner in EDMO BELUX project

University of Warwick United Kingdom B Samuel Cipers pursues joint PhD as EUTOPIA Co-Tutelle PhD Fellow, PAIS hosts a double degree agreement with Euromaster

European Commission Joint Research Centre Spain R Carlos Entrena pursues PhD as part of JRC Collaborative Doctoral Fellowship agreement

Vienna School of International Studies Austria E Partner in Jean Monnet

Winter/Summer School on EU

Policy-Making

University of Vienna Austria E Partner in Jean Monnet

Winter/Summer School on EU

Policy-Making

EU Disinfolab Belgium R Partner in EDMO BELUX project and outreach

* Collaboration in research (R), education (E), or both (B).

Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS)

NAME PARTNER COUNTRY COLLABORATION* COMMENTS

USC USA E Programme on EU Foreign Policy

Warwick – PAIS UK B Member of EUtopia network

Seoul National University (SNU) South Korea E SNU in the EU summer school

University of Amsterdam Netherlands B Jamal Shahin holds assistant professor position, partner in upcoming Horizon Europe project

UCLouvain Saint-Louis Bruxelles Belgium R Georgios Terzis is visiting professor, partner in EDMO BELUX project

University of Warwick United Kingdom B Samuel Cipers pursues joint PhD as EUTOPIA Co-Tutelle PhD Fellow, PAIS hosts a double degree agreement with Euromaster

European Commission Joint Research Centre Spain R Carlos Entrena pursues PhD as part of JRC Collaborative Doctoral Fellowship agreement

Vienna School of International Studies Austria E Partner in Jean Monnet Winter/Summer School on EU Policy-Making

University of Vienna Austria E Partner in Jean Monnet Winter/Summer School on EU Policy-Making

EU Disinfolab Belgium R Partner in EDMO BELUX project and outreach

* Collaboration in research (R), education (E), or both (B).

Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice (CMDJ)

NAME PARTNER COUNTRY COLLABORATION* COMMENTS

Warwick – PAIS UK B Member of EUtopia network

Vesalius College Belgium B

College of Europe Poland E

Institute for Social Research Norway R H2020 project Bridges

CIDOB Spain R H2020 project Bridges

Erasmus University of Rotterdam Netherlands R IMISCOE network & whole-com project & joint publications

COLLEGIO CARLO

ALBERTO – Turin

Migration Policy Group (MPG) & Barcelona

Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB)

Italy R H2020 Project WHOLECOMM

Belgium & Spain R REGIN Project - data collection on Belgium’s regions

University of Helsinki Finland R H2020 Project INDEED

Sheffield Hallam University (CENTRIC) UK R H2020 Project INDEED

Center for Security Studies (KEMEA) Greece R H2020 Project INDEED

Vienna Centre for Societal Security (VICESSE)

Austria R H2020 Project INDEED

University of Liège, Antwerp, Ghent Belgium R

Co-organization IMISCOE PhD school & IMISCOE Network & Research Day

Santa Barbara USA R Anti-Racism book

University of California

* Collaboration in research (R), education (E), or both (B).

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

The Board is responsible for the appointment of all staff at the Institute of European Studies (IES). However, substantial ZAP appointments and tenure must be confirmed by the Academic Board of university. Appointments of administrative staff are undertaken by daily management (the ExCom).

The total number of people directly paid by the IES in 2022 amounted to 58.5 full-time equivalents (as opposed to 54.4 FTE the year before). The total number of IES staff, including those not paid directly by the IES (e.g. the President, the Dean, the Advisor, one Senior Academic, and all VUB-paid teaching and support staff) was 130.

An additional 45 people were associated with the Institute (33 as an associate fellow and 12 as a visiting fellow). 17 different job students helped with basic research tasks and administration and we welcomed 6 interns. In 2022, 8 people left the Institute, while 16 new people joined the IES staff.

The Institute is headed by a Dean, who is assisted by two vice-Deans, an Executive Director and a Head of Secretariat.

Junior academic staff members are managed by their supervisors (in the case of PhD researchers) and/or by the project coordinators (in the case of project researchers). Progress and functioning of PhD researchers on the IES budget is presented annually and scrutinized by the Board. Other PhD researchers follow the procedures of the VUB and are assessed by their respective faculties.

The management of the Secretariat falls under the authority of the Executive Director and the Head of the Secretariat. Benchmarks are set for all secretariat personnel and an evaluation is conducted every year. Secretariat cluster coordinators serve as intermediaries between IES management and staff.

Departures

The following people left the Institute in 2022:

• Pascale Sas – 30 April 2022

• Afaf Hassan Abdel Rahim – 14 September 2022

• Xavier Farré Fabregat – 31 October 2022

• Sarah Silvestre - 13 November 2022

• Jelle De Smet - 5 December 2022

• Marion Tomsett - 31 December 2022 (retirement)

• Stefaan Smis

• Paul De Hert

Newcomers

• Koert Debeuf is since October a Distinguished Adjunct Professor in Middle East Studies, teaching the Political History of the Middle East course in one of the Bachelor programmes at the IES/BSoG.

• In September, Salvatore Nicolosi joined the IES/ BSoG to teach the International and European Migration and Asylum Law course in the LLM International and European Law.

• Carlos Entrena joined the Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation in June as a PhD researcher.

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

• The Centre for Digitalisation, Democracy and Innovation also welcomed Ana Fernandez Inguanzo.

• From July onwards, Sarah Konaté joined the Info Point as an Administrative Programme Coordinator.

• Laura De Decker started in September as an HR Officer at the IES/BSoG to support numerous staff matters.

• In September, Charlotte Marie Dooms joined the IES/BSoG secretariat as Junior Recruitment Officer.

• Vagelis Papakonstantinou joined the IES/BSoG to teach the European Law and Digital Transformation course in the LLM International and European Law.

• The Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy welcomed Ludovica Meacci as a PhD researcher.

• Lotje Boswinkel also started as a PhD Researcher at the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy.

• Tina Honghui Pan joined the Centre for Migration, Diversity and Justice as a postdoctoral researcher as part of the BIRMM-VUB team.

• In November, Ludmila Cieszkowsky started as a PhD Researcher in the Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy to work on the ERC Curiae Virides project.

• The Centre for Environment, Economy and Energy also welcomed postdoctoral researcher Max Eriksson in December.

• December also saw the arrival of interdisciplinary PhD Researcher Daniel Alejo who joined the Curiae Virides project.

• In December, Melissa Bax joined the Info Point to inform (prospective) students and staff.

• The IES/BSoG also welcomed Isabelle Tenaerts as an Events Officer for planning, organising and assisting events, meetings and conferences.

Admin staff

Since 2020 the IES works in close collaboration with VeCo under the name Brussels School of Governance (BSoG) where a number of synergies on secretariat level have been achieved.

As such, several secretarial tasks are now done jointly. Through timesheets/functional differentiation each organisation (IES, VeCo) is billed for its respective share.

In 2022, the following people were paid on IES payroll, but shared between IES and VeCo:

• HR: Laura De Decker

• Marketing, Communication & Recruitment: Jurgen Smet, Maja Kovacevic and Charlotte Marie Dooms

• Education: René Hermens, Sarah Konaté, Marleen Van Impe and Anne Sterckx

• Events: Isabelle Tenaerts

• Info Point: Melissa Bax

• IT: Peter Menke

Conversely, the following people were paid on VeCo payroll, but worked for both institutes:

• Finance: Jérôme Playoult

• Events : Jelle De Smet

• Education : Louise Bond, Edgar Felix Vargas,

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

Vanessa Goffard, Chris Janssens, Louise Klinkenbergh, Heidi Martin, Margherita Pace, Xianping Su and Tom Wittocx

• Marketing, Communication & Recruitment: Juan Carlos Ruiz Coll

For the projects carried out in the Research Centres, created in 2020, additional administrative staff were appointed (for 2022):

• Paula Cantero Dieguez

• Natalia Martin

The IES is also employing/managing the administrative staff based at UNU-CRIS in Bruges:

• Noël Neven

• Andrew Dunn

• Ajsela Masovic

Management

Since 2020, management costs are also shared between the two institutes (IES/VeCo):

• President: Karel De Gucht

• Dean: Luc Soete

• Vice Dean for Research: Alexander Mattelaer

• Vice Dean for Education: Sven Van Kerckhoven

• Executive Director: Anthony Antoine

• Head of Secretariat: Jacintha Liem

• Teaching programme management (LLM): Liliana Lizarazo Rodriguez

• Teaching programme management (MSc programme): Jamal Shahin

Professors and Postdoctoral researchers

• Ilke Adam

• Dirk Arts

• Caroline Buts

• Caterina Carta

• Raluca Csernatoni

• Serena D’Agostino

• Karel De Gucht

• Koert Debeuf

• Philippe De Lombaerde

• Youri Devuyst

• Daniel Fiott

• Ricardo Gosalbo Bono

• Serge Gutwirth

• Hielke Hijmans

• Frank Hoffmeister

• Tony Joris

• Harri Kalimo

• Tongfi Kim

• Stephan Klose

• Marie Lamensch

• Jonas Lefevere

• Liliana Lizarazo Rodriguez

• Alexander Mattelaer

• Trisha Meyer

• Brendan Moore

• Demir Murat Seyrek

• Arnaud Nuyts

• Sean O’Dubhghaill

• Sebastian Oberthür

• Honghui Pan

• Afaf Rahim

• Jamal Shahin

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

• Luis Simon Navarro

• Stefaan Smis

• Ben Smulders

• Olesya Tkacheva

• Sibel Top

• Florian Trauner

• Leo van Hove

• Stefaan Van Der Jeught

• Stijn Van der Perre

• Irina Van Der Vet

• Joris Van Hoboken

• Sven Van Kerckhoven

• Luk Van Langenhove

• Johan Verbeke

• Hannah Vermaut

• Ingmar Von Homeyer

• Laura Westerveen

• Tom Willaert

Project researchers and PhD students

• Folashade Ajayi*

• Daniel Alejo*

• Matilda Axelson

• Lotje Boswinkel*

• Aslak Busch*

• Omar Cham*

• Ludmila Cieszkowsky*

• Samuel Cipers*

• Carlos Alejandro Entrena Serrano*

• Max Eriksson

• Maximilian Ernst

• Xavier Farre Fabregat*

• Ana Fernandez Inguanzo*

• Fabio Figiaconi*

• François Gardin

• Jana Gheuens*

• Marco Giuli*

• Orsolya Gulyas*

• Louise Hantson

• Simon Happersberger*

• Jihye Kang

• Gauri Khandekar

• Young-in Lee

• Octavian Manea*

• Ludovica Meacci*

• Simon Otto

• Elie Perot

• Ernesto Roessing Neto

• Gaia Romeo*

• Hanna Schneider

• Philipp Stutz*

• João Daniel Teixeira de Freitas*

• Nadia Tjahja*

• Sibel Top

• Nathalie Van Raemdonck

• Laura Vansina*

• Maaike Verbruggen*

• Ambroos Verwee

• Tomas Wyns

• Xiu Ling Ye

*Supported by other funds

QUALITY ASSURANCE

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Quality control is measured ex ante as well as ex post at various levels and in different formats. In terms of attracting academic staff and administrative personnel, the IES applies the highest standards through a quality control procedure. The IES Board, the Research Council, the Education Council, and the Executive Committee safeguard the overall quality of their respective areas. In its financial management, the IES implements both internal and external control; equally in its services, the IES delivers the best possible services and tries to improve them through feedback from its clients.

Quality of personnel

Quality is aimed for through competitive, open and international recruitment procedures and through a monitoring system of benchmark meetings and student feedback (for the academic staff) and performance reviews (for the administrative staff).

Selection of senior academic staff is done on the basis of interviews and selection by an independent selection committee that also includes external experts. Potential teaching staff who will be in front of a class for the first time must also give a test lecture that is assessed by both colleagues and students. Teaching staff are further assessed by the Academic Council of the university before a final appointment is made. Candidates for professorships (ZAP) also follow VUB university appointment procedures.

For research, special attention is paid to the recruitment of doctoral students. Every year, the IES makes a competitive selection in which the best projects (coupled with excellent CVs of potential researchers) are selected. Doctoral students are primarily monitored by his/her

promoter and the doctoral committee, but the (doctoral) research is also structurally embedded into one of the Institute's research centres. In addition, periodic research colloquiums are organised (mandatory for doctoral researchers), in which the researcher is subjected to peer review.

In 2022, the IES launched two PhD calls: one in the field of international security and one in the field of green public procurement. One of the vacancies attracted a large number of candidates, the other one was postponed. After interviews with the most promising candidates by the research centre coordinators and a team of scholars and staff, eventually one PhD researcher was appointed by the IES Board and awarded a scholarship for a maximum duration of four years.

The quality of personnel is further monitored through periodical evaluations. For IES ZAP professors, individual benchmark meetings are conducted every two years with the Vice-Dean for Research (which took place in Spring 2021). PhD researchers meet their promoter and supervisory committee at least twice a year, while all other academic personnel are assessed on a yearly basis. At Secretariat level, administrative staff are evaluated through the VUB’s TEO assessment procedure. In 2022, the individual meetings took place in November.

In addition, sustainability is achieved by efforts to retain excellent staff. Attention is paid not only to the possibility of promotion, but also to flexibility alternatives (such as teleworking). In the framework of lifelong learning, a modest budget foresees support for individual or collective training sessions and/or extra courses. In addition, IES staff has access to VUB’s LRN system, which offers a variety of trainings on both soft and hard skills.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Quality of research

PhD and senior researchers are appointed after a thorough selection procedure involving an international call for applications, including external scrutiny and interviews (see above). Research progress of PhD students is monitored continuously by the promoter, the doctoral committee (twice per year), the responsible senior IES researcher, and the Vice-Dean for Research in accordance with IES PhD Guidelines (incorporated in the Guidelines for Academic Staff). In the process of this quality control, junior researchers present a state of affairs of their findings at least once per year at research colloquiums (held biweekly). There is a close collaboration with the Doctoral School in Social Sciences, organised by the university as a whole.

Quality of education

Teaching staff are recruited through international vacancy announcements, subject to external scrutiny, interviews and trial lectures. Students annually assess the quality of the teachers / courses through feedback forms. The Dean, the Vice-Dean for Education, as well as the Programme Directors of the respective programmes oversee the follow-up of programme questions relating to teaching, learning and the overall learning objectives of both modules and programmes. In addition, by monitoring a central database, the VUB ensures quality control when entering course descriptions, exam methodology, and student guidance.

Quality of students

The IES ensures a strict selection of students, with a high level of student intake. Student selection is monitored and analysed by Programme Directors and the respective programme boards. In addition, its educational programmes are accredited and subject to periodical VUB and student evaluations.

Students in the Advanced Master programmes, the Postgraduate programmes and in the IES Summer and Winter Schools are carefully selected, based on their study background and results, their command of English, their suitability and motivation, as well as the contact details of referees who are available for feedback on the candidate. Applicants for the Advanced Master programmes need to have a Master's degree before starting their studies at the IES. Exceptionally, highly motivated BA students are admitted, but only if they have a study background of at least 240 ECTS (which equals a Belgian Master programme).

Quality of services

The IES monitors the quality of its services (events) through a combination of research centre processes, by measuring marketing efforts, and by conducting postevent evaluations. For all relevant major physical or digital activities organised at the IES, an evaluation (by form, email, or phone conversation) is done after the event to assess the quality of the service. Based on this feedback and experience, regular internal reviews are carried out where strengths and weaknesses are assessed in order to identify potential for improvement. In terms of quality and maintenance of our equipment, the technical

QUALITY ASSURANCE

team carries out checks prior to the event. For catering services, the IES works with ‘green’ suppliers that comply with standard hygiene and service regulations and that pay special attention to using sustainable materials. Extensive online and social media evaluations of all major activities lead to optimal analysis of the impact of events on different target groups. This monitoring process is currently assessing visibility of research, societal relevance, and knowledge transfer.

Quality of finances

The Finance Officer is supervised by the Executive Director, who in turn reports to the Board of the IES. An external auditor annually vets the overall finances (currently BDO Auditors). Following EC rules, European-funded projects of a certain magnitude (FP7 and H2020) are individually scrutinised by an auditor prior to submitting the periodic financial figures to the Commission.

FINANCIAL REPORT

2022 marked the first year of a new agreement with the VUB in which financial flows were to be made simpler and more transparent. In February 2022, the university Board approved the new regulation, marking the IES as “core business” of the university. Contrary to the past, where the Institute was seen as a self-supporting project, the IES is now part of the general university framework where a number of supporting functions are provided centrally. In practice, this means that the IES no longer pays rent or infrastructure-related costs (gas, electricity, …), while the university also guarantees the full assistance of its central services with regard to many of the activities of the IES. In return, the Institute pays a fixed annual fee to the university and will pay overhead on the externally funded projects it generates (which was not the case before). This means that the accounts of 2022 are different from 2021, and that a number of accounting posts have been eliminated. In essence, it means that the overall transfer of funds between the IES and the VUB remains by and large the same, yet a more successful Institute will also lead to more benefits for the university, while at the same time the Institute ‘fits’ better in the financial framework of the VUB so that transactions become simplified.

2022 has also been the first year in which COVID measures ended. Classes and meetings could finally be held ‘in person’ again, and there was no more ban to travel (at least not to most countries). Against this backdrop, the IES increased its turnover from 4.9 million EUR in 2021 to 5.8 million EUR in 2022 (an increase of almost 20%). The increase is particularly due to the increase in externally funded projects (most of which from the EU or from international and transnational organisations). This figure went up from 1.7 million EUR in 2021 to 2.3 million in 2022, which is an increase of more than 30%. It is obvious that the expenditure (whether running costs or personnel) rose by the same percentage. Any ‘overspending’ of the budget is therefore compensated by additional income, so that the accounts could be closed at the level at which they were predicted: with a moderate loss of ± 100K EUR. However, uncertainty over the final payment of of externally funded projects that were already closed and corrections from the past caused us to be prudent, and to write a loss of 191K EUR in our books.

Despite the loss, IES finances are in good shape, and the many new projects (good for a total of 8.5 million EUR to be acquired in the future) combined with the return of international students following the end of pandemic related measures promise a positive result in the years to come.

BOOKS

• Buts, C., & Buendia Sierra, J. L. (Eds.) (2022). Milestones in State Aid Case Law: EStAL's First 20 Years in Perspective. Lexxion.

• Buts, C., Dooms, M., Soyeur, F., Van Droogenbroeck, E., & Willems, K. (2022). The Economic and Strategic Impact of Standards: A Belgian Perspective. ASP.

• Debeuf, K. (2022). Waarom dit niet de laatste oorlog is. Lannoo.

• Fiott, D. (2022). Yearbook of European Security 2022. EU Institute for Security Studies.

• Oberthur, S., Dennis, T., Wright, E., & Khandekar, G. A. (2022). European Foreign Policy in a Decarbonising World: Challenges and Opportunities. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003183037

• Soria-Rodríguez, C. (2022). Retos y experiencias de la renovación pedagógica y la innovación en las Ciencias Sociales.

• Tercovich, G. (2022). Assessing EU Leadership in Inter-regional Relations: The Case of the Institutionalisation of ASEAN Disaster Management. Routledge.

• Verbeke, J. (2022). Diplomacy in Practice: A Critical Approach. Routledge.

• Verbeke, J. (2022). Diplomatic Skills. The Basics. ASP.

BOOK CHAPTERS

• Asdrubali, P., & Pasimeni, P. (2022). Trade Interdependencies in the EU Single Market. In B. Dallago, & S. Casagrande (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Economic Systems Routledge. https://doi. org/10.4324/9781003144366-30

• Buts, C., & Buendia Sierra, J. L. (2022). The Law of the -State Aid- Jungle. In Milestones in State Aid Case Law (pp. VII-X). Lexxion.

• Buts, C., & Staviczky, P. (2022). Eesti Pagar – A Formalistic Approach to Incentive Effect and Recovery. In Milestones in State Aid Case Law (pp. 555-575). Lexxion.

• De Cock, W., & Joris, T. (2022). Belgium and Forum 187 v. Commission once again revisited. In C. Buts, & J. L. Buendía Sierra (Eds.), Milestones in State Aid Case Law – EStAL’s First 20 Years in Perspective (pp. 121137). Lexxion.

• Fiott, D. (2022). A Clash of Concepts? Making Sense of ‘European Sovereignty’ and ‘Strategic Autonomy’. In Beyond Autonomy: Rethinking Europe as a Strategic Actor (pp. 11-18). London School of Economics. https://www.lse.ac.uk/ideas/publications/reports/beyond-autonomy

PUBLICATIONS

• Fiott, D. (2022). Risikobewertungen im europäischen Vergleich. In Sicher. Und morgen? Risikolandschaft Österreich 2022 (pp. 59-65). Institut für Friedenssicherung und Konfliktmanagement. https://www. bundesheer.at/pdf_pool/publikationen/risikolandschaft_oesterreich_2022.pdf

• Fiott, D. (2022). What If: The EU's Mediterranean Policies do not Work? . In What if... Not?: The Cost of Assumptions (Vol. 172, pp. 8-12). EU Institute for Security Studies . https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/ what-ifnot-cost-assumptions

• Gault, F., & Soete, L. (2022). Innovation Indicators. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.331

• Giuli, M. (2022). Geopolitics of the Energy Transition. In M. Asif (Ed.), Handbook of Energy Transitions CRC Press. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9781003315353-4/geopolitics-energytransition-marco-giuli?context=ubx&refId=8c9f9489-f632-47f7-b257-9cf6b262ff59

• Lee, S., & Ernst, M. (2022). Cyber Arms Control on the Korean Peninsula: Challenges and Opportunities with a View to North Korea's Asymmetry Strategy. In G. Boulet, M. Reiterer, & R. Pacheco Pardo (Eds.), Cybersecurity Policy ind the EU and South Korea from Consultation to Action: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives (pp. 119-135). (New Security Challenges). Palgrave Macmillan.

• Peeters, S., Willaert, T., Tuters, M., Beuls, K., Van Eecke, P., & Van Soest, J. (Accepted/In press). A Fringe Mainstreamed, or Tracing Antagonistic Slang between 4chan and Breitbart before and after Trump. In R. Rogers (Ed.), How Misinformation Propagates on Social Media. Mainstreaming the Fringe Amsterdam University Press.

• Perarnaud, C. (2022). Les contrôles aux exportations comme instruments de pouvoir dans la gouvernance de l’Internet. Terminal, 132-133. https://doi.org/10.4000/terminal.8338

• Perot, E. (2022). France and Article 42(7) TEU: great expectations. In B. Deen, D. Zandee, & A. Stoetman (Eds.), Uncharted and uncomfortable in European defence: The EU’s mutual assistance clause of Article 42(7) (pp. 38-42). Clingendael - Netherlands Institute of International Relations. https://www.clingendael. org/sites/default/files/2022-01/uncharted-and-uncomfortable.pdf

• Perot, E., & Klose, S. (2022). Differentiation in EU security and defence policy. In B. Leruth, S. Gänzle, & J. Trondal (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union (1st edition ed., pp. 426440). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429054136-29

• Shahin, J. (2022). Coping with New Technologies. In A. Menon, & S. Usherwood (Eds.), State of the European Union (pp. 44-46). UACES. https://ukandeu.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/UKIN-State-ofthe-EU-Report-1.pdf

• Soria-Rodríguez, C. (2022). Curso de introducción a la investigación y escritura legal para trabajo de fin de Máster de Derecho Internacional y de la Unión Europea, en Gutiérrez Castillo, V.L. (Coord.) La aplicación del learning by doing y la ludificación en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del Derecho Internacional. In Dykinson (pp. 149-164)

• Soria-Rodríguez, C. (2022). La formación en Derecho basada en competencias: especial referencia al método de casos. The integration of European Union Law and Policy in the teaching field of Natural Sciences. In La formación en Derecho basada en competencias: especial referencia al método de casos (pp. 146-160)

• Olesya Tkacheva and Martin C. Libicki, "NATO as a Norm Entrepreneur on Cyber Engagement in a ThirdParty Conflict," European Cybersecurity Journal 8(1): 6-12.

• Trauner, F. (2022). Migration and asylum in the EU: struggling to overcome policy deadlock. In P. Graziano, & J. Tosun (Eds.), Elgar encyclopedia of European Union public policy (pp. 414-423). Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.

• Van Raemdonck, N., & Meyer, T. (2022). Why Disinformation is Here to Stay. A Socio-technical Analysis of Disinformation as a Hybrid Threat. In L. Lonardo (Ed.), Addressing Hybrid Threats: European Law and Policies Edward Elgar.

JOURNAL ARTICLES

• Asmar, A., Marien, I., & Van Audenhove, L. (2022). No One-Size Fits All! Eight profiles of digital inequalities for customized inclusion strategies. New Media & Society, 24(2), 279-310. [1]. https://doi.org/1.o0r.g1/107. 711/1747/611446414484281210106633182

• Balcaen, P., Du Bois, C., & Buts, C. (2022). A game-theoretic analysis of Hybrid Threats. Defence and Peace Economics, 33(1), 26-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2021.1875289

• Balcaen, P., Du Bois, C., & Buts, C. (2022). The Design of Russia’s Economic Warfare Against Ukraine. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 35(1), 11-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2022.2045796

• Benoit, F., Connell-Garcia, W., Herghelegiu, C-D., & Pasimeni, P. (2022). Detecting and Analysing Supply Chain Disruption. Single Market Economic Papers Series, 1(1), [1]. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/ publications/detecting-and-analysing-supply-chain-disruption_en

• Busch, A. V. (2022). Picturing the Arctic: digital imagery and the prospect of using search engines to collect data for interpretative political research. Political Research Exchange, 5(1), [2153705]. https://doi.org/10.10 80/2474736X.2022.2153705

• Buts, C., & De Cock, W. (2022). Review of EU Case Law on State Aid – 2021. European State Aid Law Quarterly, 21(3), 278-301.

• Christie, E. H., Buts, C., & Du Bois, C. (2022). Demand for Militar y Expenditures and Security Alignment Choices in the Indo-Pacific. Defence and Peace Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2022.2073 430

• Dosi, Giovanni and Soete, L. (2022). On the syndemic nature of crises: A Freeman perspective. Research Policy, 51(1), [104393]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104393

ANNEX

PUBLICATIONS

• Elsässer, J., Hickmann, T., Jinnah, S., Oberthur, S., & Van de Graaf, T. (2022). Institutional interplay in global environmental governance: lessons learned and future research. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 22(2), 373-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-022-09569-4

• Ernst, M. (2022). Control Through Cooperation? Assessing China's Economic and Military-Strategic Interests in the South China Sea. Journal of Territorial and Maritime Studies, 9(2), 7-30.

• Ernst, M., Scartozzi, C. M., Thomas, C., & Yigong, W. (2022). Chinese Crisis Communication in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Discourse Analysis of People's Daily News Articles in Response to Threatening International News Coverage. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 5(2), 169. https://doi. org/10.1177/18681026221104130

• Fiott, D. (2022). Europe and the South: the Maritime Dimension. Confluences Méditerranée, 123, 111-121. https://www.cairn.info/revue-confluences-mediterranee-2022-4-page-111.htm?contenu=article

• Fiott, D. (2022). Gearing up for a Competitive Age: The EU as a Maritime Actor. Etudes Marine, 21, 52-65. https://www.defense.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/cesm/Epreuve%205%20EN%20EM%20UE-min.pdf

• Fiott, D. (2022). L’Union européenne et la Boussole stratégique: un moment décisif ? Revue Défense Nationale, 852. https://www.defnat.com/e-RDN/vue-article.php?carticle=22946&cidrevue=852

• Fiott, D. (2022). The Fog of War: Russia’s War on Ukraine, European Defence Spending and Military Capabilities. Intereconomics, 57(3), 152-156.

• Fiott, D. (2022). The Pathway to a Sovereign Europe. Internationale Politik Quarterly, (1). https://ip-quarterly. com/en/pathway-sovereign-europe

• Giuli, M., & Holland, E. (2022). THE URGENT CASE FOR ENERGY AUSTERITY. War on The Rocks. https:// warontherocks.com/2022/03/the-urgent-case-for-energy-austerity/

• Hancké, B., Overbeke, T. V., & Voss, D. (2022). Crisis and Complementarities: A Comparative Political Economy of Economic Policies after COVID-19. Perspectives on Politics, 20(2), 474-489. https://doi. org/10.1017/S1537592721001055

• Kalimo, H., & Mateo, E. (2022). Circular Economy as a Means, not an End: The Case of Sustainable Carsharing. The Environmental Law Reporter, 52(11-2022), 10922-10936.

• Kalimo, H., & Nikoleishvili, S. (2022). Sovereignty in the era of fragmentation – EU Trade Agreements and the Notion of Statehood in International Law. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 32(2), 353407. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/djcil/vol32/iss2/3

• Karagianni, A., & Papakonstantinou, V. (2022). Surveillance in Schools Across Europe: A New Phenomenon in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic? The Cases of Greece and France. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(2), 1219-1229. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.2.1219

• Keating, C., Van Audenhove, L., & Craffert, L. (2022). Social support for digital inclusion of women in South African townships. Telematics and Informatics, 75, [101893]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101893

ANNEX

PUBLICATIONS

• Kizilkaya, Z., Hamdi, S., & Salman, M. (2022). Has Erdoğan made Turkey a ‘subject’ in the Middle East and North Africa? Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2022.2

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• López Vila, E. D., Buts, C., & Jegers, M. (2022). An overview of the rules governing over-the-counter medicines in 30 European Countries. European Health & Pharmaceutical Law Review, 6(2), 55-70.

• LYU, S., Buts, C., & Jegers, M. (2022). China’s Fair Competition Review System: A Single Case Study. World Competition, 45(1), 123-156.

• LYU, S., Buts, C., & Jegers, M. (2022). Economic Analysis Methodologies Applied in Merger Investigations in the EU and China: Comparative Case Studies. Asian Journal of Law and Economics, 13(1), 37-99. https:// doi.org/10.1515/ajle-2021-0066

• Maes, S., & Buts, C. (2022). Antitrust Decisions as a Sledgehammer? A Descriptive Study on the Impact of Cartel Investigations on Stock Prices. CoRe (Berlin. Print), 6(2), 108-119. https://doi.org/10.21552/ core/2022/2/4

• Mashi, F., Hamdi, S., & Salman, M. (2022). ‘Operation Olive Branch’ in Syria’s Afrin District: towards a new interpretation of the right of self-defence? Journal on the Use of Force and International Law, 9(2), 324351. [38]. https://doi.org/10.1080/20531702.2022.2097418

• Michiels, M., & Kizilkaya, Z. (2022). Mediation in Syria: A Comparative Analysis of the Astana and the Geneva Processes. Syria Studies, 14(1), [3]. https://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/syria/article/ view/2486/1893

• Nanyanzi, A. S., Zhu, C., Van Audenhove, L., Marien, I., Mugenyi, A. R., & Mugenyi, K. J. (2022). Empirical evaluation of rural farmers′ preparedness and intention to use a dairy application for collaboration with A higher education institution in Uganda. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 6(1), [100363]. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100363

• Nikolov, P., & Pasimeni, P. (2022). Fiscal Stabilization in the United States: Lessons for Monetary Unions. Open Economies Review, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-022-09664-8

• Oberthur, S., & Von Homeyer, I. (2022). From emissions trading to the European Green Deal: The evolution of the climate policy mix and climate policy integration in the EU. Journal of European Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2022.2120528

• Pan, H., Dury, S., Duppen, D., Wang, R., & De Donder, L. (2022). Motivators and barriers to social participation in two Chinese long-term care institutions: A focus-group study. Geriatric Nursing, 44(2022), 90-96. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.01.004]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.01.004

• Peeters, S., & Willaert, T. (2022). Telegram and digital methods: Mapping networked conspiracy theories through platform affordances. M/C, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2878

• Pohle, J., & Thiel, T. (2022). Soberanía digital. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía y Sociedad Digital, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.53857/OLMH2516

• Pohle, J., & Voelsen, D. (2022). Centrality and power. The struggle over the techno‐political configuration of the Internet and the global digital order. Policy & Internet, 14(1), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.296

• Pohle, J., & Voelsen, D. (2022). Das Netz und die Netze. Vom Wandel des Internets und der globalen digitalen Ordnung. Berliner Journal für Soziologie, 32(3), 455-487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11609-02200478-6

• Rigotti, C., & McGlynn, C. (2022). Towards an EU criminal law on violence against women: The ambitions and limitations of the Commission’s proposal to criminalise image-based sexual abuse. New Journal of European Criminal Law, 13(4), 452-477. https://doi.org/10.1177/20322844221140713

• Roncancio Marin, J., Dentchev, N., Guerrero, M., & Diaz Gonzalez, A. A. (2022). Shaping the social orientation of academic entrepreneurship: an exploratory study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 28(7), 1679-1701. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2021-0600

• Roncancio Marin, J., Dentchev, N., Guerrero, M., Diaz Gonzalez, A. A., & Crispeels, T. (2022). UniversityIndustry joint undertakings with high societal impact: A micro-processes approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, [121223]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121223

• Rothe, F-F., Audenhove, L. V., & Loisen, J. (2022). Digital development, inequalities & the Sustainable Development Goals: what does ‘Leave No-One Behind’ mean for ICT4D? Information Technology for Development, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2022.2076640

• Rothe, F-F., Audenhove, L. V., & Loisen, J. (2022). ICT for development and the novel principles of the Sustainable Development Goals. Third World Quarterly, 43(6), 1495-1514. https://doi.org/10.1080/0143659 7.2022.2060202

• Shane, T., Willaert, T., & Tuters, M. (2022). The rise of “gaslighting”: Debates about disinformation on Twitter and 4chan, and the possibility of a ‘good echo chamber’. Popular Communication, 20(3), 178-192. https:// doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2022.2044042

• Silvestre, S. (2022). Negotiations in the Council of the EU under a new institutional setting:the case of the asylum policy. Journal of Contemporary European Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.20224 63

• Soete, L., Verspagen, B., & Ziesemer, T. H. W. (2022). Economic impact of public R&D: An international perspective. Industrial and Corporate Change, 31(1), 1-18. [dtab066]. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtab066

• Soria-Rodríguez, C. (2022). Marine renewable energy technologies on the high seas: challenges and opportunities to strengthen international environmental and renewable energy governance. Cambridge International Law Journal.

• Stutz, P., & Trauner, F. (2022). The EU's ‘return rate’ with third countries: Why EU readmission agreements do not make much difference. International Migration, 60(3), 154-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12901

• Switsers, L., Qualter, P., Pan, H., Barreto, M., De Donder, L., Victor , C., Dury, S., Hammond, C., & Dierckx, E. (2022). Exploring the demographic and situational characteristics of older British people experiencing loneliness as positive within the BBC loneliness experiment. Aging & Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.108 0/13607863.2022.2088692

• Temizisler, F. S., Meyer, T., & Shahin, J. (2022). Politicisation of migration issues during the refugee crisis in the UK and Denmark. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 1-19. [1]. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782 804.2022.2031133

• Tjahja, N., Meyer, T., & Shahin, J. (2022). Who do you think you are? Individual stakeholder identification and mobility at the Internet Governance Forum. Telecommunications Policy, 46(10), [102410]. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.telpol.2022.102410

• Trauner, F. (2022). The Great Covid Paper Wall: European Strategies to Deal with Chinese Visa Restrictions. The International Spectator, 57(2), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2022.2129205

• Trauner, F., & Valodskaite G. (2022). The EU’s Temporary Protection Regime for Ukrainians: Understanding the Legal and Political Background and its Implications. CESifo forum, 23(4), 17-20.

• Tuters, M., & Willaert, T. (2022). Deep State Phobia. Narrative Convergence in Coronavirus Conspiracism on Instagram. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 28(4), 12141238. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565221118751

• Van Bavel, A. (2022). ‘The issue is not getting but keeping women in politics’: The impact of violence against women in politics in the Belgian context. Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies, 25(3), 231-247. https://doi. org/10.5117/TVGN2022.3.004.BAVE

• Van Langenhove, L., Piaget, E. A., & Soete, L. (2022). Science Diplomacy in the Age of War. Frontiers Policy Lab.

• Vandercruysse, L., Christofi, A., Buts, C., Dooms, M., & Valcke, P. (2022). Data Protection in Smart Cities: Pre-Commercial Procurement as a Silver Bullet? European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review, 17(2), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2022/2/5

• Vermeire, L., Van den Broeck, W., Van Audenhove, L., & Marien, I. (2022). Digital Youth Work in Flanders: practices, challenges, and the impact of COVID-19. Seminar.net, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.7577/ seminar.4701

• Von Homeyer, I., Oberthur, S., & Dupont, C. (2022). Implementing the European Green Deal during the Evolving Energy Crisis. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 60(S1), 125-136. https://doi. org/10.1111/jcms.13397

• Walgrave, S., & Lefevere, J. (2022). Zien we de revival van de linkerzijde? Lessen uit De Stemming 2022. Samenleving en Politiek, 29(6), 4-9. https://sampol.be/2022/06/zien-we-de-revival-van-de-linkerzijde

• Westerveen, L. (2022). Ethno-racial (in)equality: A typology of employment policy frames in Belgium. Journal of Ethnic and Migration studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2022.2117144

ANNEX PUBLICATIONS

• Westerveen, L., van Breugel, I., Adam, I., & Scholten, P. (2022). Mainstreaming or retrenchment? Migrationrelated diversity in Dutch and Flemish education policies. Comparative Migration Studies, 10, [31]. https:// doi.org/10.1186/S40878-022-00308-X

• Willaert, T., Banisch, S., Van Eecke, P., & Beuls, K. (2022). Tracking Causal Relations in the News: Data, Tools, and Models for the Analysis of Argumentative Statements in Online Media. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 2022, [fqab107]. https://academic.oup.com/dsh/advance-article/doi/10.1093/llc/fqab107/65 09266?guestAccessKey=97bd81e4-43dd-4bcd-8549-cc0d15a78cc0

• Willaert, T., Peeters, S., Seijbel, J., & Van Raemdonck, N. (2022). Disinformation Networks. A QualiQuantitative Investigation of Antagonistic Dutch-speaking Telegram Channels. First Monday : Peerreviewed Journal on the Internet, 27(9). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v27i5.12533

• Xu, L. (2022). Lost in translation: how comparing the uses of the term ‘foreigner’ can help explain China’s immigration policy shift. SN Social Sciences, 2, [54]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00346-3

VULGARISING

• Cham, O. N., Trauner, F., & Adam, I. (2022). Convinced to Stay? The Impact of EU-Funded Information Campaigns in West Africa. MPC Blogs. https://blogs.eui.eu/migrationpolicycentre/convinced-to-stay-theimpact-of-eu-funded-information-campaigns-in-west-africa/

• Ernst, M. (2022). Xi, the State, and War. 9DashLine. https://www.9dashline.com/article/xi-the-state-and-war

• Simón, L. (2022). America’s Indo-Pacific Strategy Runs Through the Indo-Pacific. War on The Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2022/12/americas-indo-pacific-strategy-runs-through-ukraine/

UNPUBLISHED PAPERS

• Ernst, M. (2022). Not The Economy, Stupid: Eine Studie zu den strategischen Beweggründen Chinas aggressiver Politik gegenüber Anrainerstaaten des Südchinesischen Meeres. In H. Schilling (Ed.), Dreizack 21: Von historischen bis zukünftigen Herausforderungen im maritimen Raum: Publikation zur Netzwerktagung in Laboe/Kiel, 03. - 05. November 2021 (pp. 12-17). Institut für Sicherheitspolitik an der Universität Kiel.

• Lazarevic, M., van Leeuwen, C., Marien, I., Van Audenhove, L., & Ponnet, K. (2022). Are the basic human rights of people still guaranteed in a digital society?. Unpublished In IAMCR website

• Lefevere, J., & Meyer, T. (2022). When politicians spread disinformation on social media, do citizens believe it? Evidence from two experiments.. Paper presented at Politicologenetmaal 2022, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

• Nanyanzi, A. S., Zhu, C., Mugenyi, J. K., Pauw, I. D., Mugenyi, A. R., Marien, I., & Audenhove, L. V. (2022). Intent to Use a Smartphone App as a University-Engagement Tool by Kabarole Farmers in Uganda. In M. Cunningham, & P. Cunningham (Eds.), 2022 IST-Africa Conference, IST-Africa 2022 (2022 ISTAfrica Conference, IST-Africa 2022). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi. org/10.23919/IST-Africa56635.2022.9845532

• Sessa, M. G., & Willaert, T. (2022). From the infodemic to the info war: investigating narrative evolution online. Paper presented at ICDFC - International Congress on Disinformation and Fact-checking, Lisbon, Portugal.

• Tjahja, N., & Potjomkina, D. (2022). Agent of Change: Youth Meta-participation at the Internet Governance Forum. In 2022 GigaNet Annual Symposium Global Internet Governance Academic Network. https:// www.giga-net.org/2022SymposiumPapers/Nadia%20and%20Diana%20GigaNet%202022%20v3.2.pdf?_

t=1668543623

• Vermeire, L., Van den Broeck, W., Marien, I., & Van Audenhove, L. (2022). Digital youth work in Flanders: Best practices and Policy recommendations.

• Willaert, T. (Accepted/In press). Detecting Traces of Narrative Evolution on Telegram. Inductive Methods from Corpus-Based Discourse Analysis. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Techniques for Narrative-Based Understanding co-located with 31st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 25th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-ECAI 2022): Semantic Techniques for Narrative-Based Understanding @ IJCAI-ECAI 2022 (Vol. 3322, pp. 28-34). CEUR Workshop Proceedings. https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3322/short5.pdf

POLICY REPORTS

• Coninsx, M-A., Arnauts, F., & Mattelaer, A. (2022). The future of the Arctic region: what is at stake for Belgium? (European Policy Briefs; No. 74). Egmont - Royal Institute for International Relations. https:// www.egmontinstitute.be/content/uploads/2022/01/Egmont-Policy-Paper-January-2022-CV-MAC.pdf

• Ernst, M., Kim, T., & Pacheco Pardo, R. (2022). The Foreign Policy of President-elect Yoon Suk-yeol: What to Expect . KF-VUB Korea Chair.

• Fiott, D. (2022). Digitalization and hybrid threats: Assessing the vulnerabilities for European security. European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats. https://www.hybridcoe.fi/publications/ hybrid-coe-paper-13-digitalization-and-hybrid-threats-assessing-the-vulnerabilities-for-european-security/

• Fiott, D. (2022). European Defence and the Security of Strategic Resources. (IDN Brief). https://www.idn. gov.pt/pt/publicacoes/idnbrief/Documents/2022/IDN%20brief%20maio%20de%2017_05_2022%20BB.pdf

• Fiott, D. (2022). European Maritime Strategies for the Middle East: Struggling for Relevance? National University of Singapore. https://mei.nus.edu.sg/publication/insight-282-european-maritime-strategies-forthe-middle-east-struggling-for-relevance/

ANNEX

PUBLICATIONS

• Fiott, D. (2022). Inversiones colectivas en defensa: Europa debe hacer más y más rápido. Real Instituto Elcano. https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/comentarios/inversiones-colectivas-en-defensa-europa-debehacer-mas-y-mas-rapido/

• Fiott, D. (2022). Rethinking the EU’s Approach to Space: The Case of Security and Defence. Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale . https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/facing-war-rethinking-europessecurity-and-defence-36652

• Fiott, D. (2022). Rising Risks: Protecting Europe with the Strategic Compass. Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS). https://brussels-school.be/publications/policy-briefs/rising-risks-protecting-europestrategic-compass

• Fiott, D. (2022). The Day After: The EU's Strategic Compass and the Protection of Europe. The Progressive Post. https://progressivepost.eu/the-day-after-the-eus-strategic-compass-and-the-protection-of-europe/

• Fiott, D. (2022). The Strategic Compass and EU space-based defence capabilities. European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/the-strategic-compass-and-eu-space-based/productdetails/20221209CAN68084

• Fiott, D., & Ketselidis, M. (2022). EU Civil-Defence Synergies: Understanding the Challenges and Drivers of Change. French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs. https://www.iris-france.org/wp-content/ uploads/2022/04/74-Policy-Paper-Synergies-March-2022.pdf

• Fiott, D., & Mazaar, M. (2022). Solid foundation, rocky future? Assessing transatlantic defence and security ties after NATO’s Madrid summit. Centre for European Policy Studies. https://www.ceps.eu/cepspublications/solid-foundation-rocky-future/

• Fiott, D., & Simón, L. (Eds.) (2022). Centre of Gravity: Security and Defence in the Indo-Pacific - What Role for the European Union. Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS). https://brussels-school.be/ publications/other-publications/centre-gravity-security-and-defence-indo-pacific-what-role-european

• Hantson, L., Westerveen, L., & Adam, I. (2022). Country report on access to services – Belgium. Fondazione Collegio Carlo Alberto.

• Hantson, L., Westerveen, L., & Adam, I. (2022). Country report on multilevel dynamics – Belgium. Fondazione Collegio Carlo Alberto.

• Mattelaer, A. (2022). Keeping the OSCE Alive. (Egmont Policy Briefs; No. 287). Egmont - Royal Institute for International Relations. https://www.egmontinstitute.be/app/uploads/2022/09/Alexander-Mattelaer_ PolicyBrief287.pdf

• Mattelaer, A. (2022). Rethinking Nuclear Deterrence: A European Perspective. (CSDS Policy Briefs; No. 13/2022). Brussels School of Governance. https://brussels-school.be/sites/default/files/CSDS%20 Policy%20brief_2213.pdf

• Mattelaer, A. (2022). Why Belgium Needs a Cyber Command. (Egmont Policy Briefs; No. 295). EgmontRoyal Institute for International Relations. https://www.egmontinstitute.be/app/uploads/2022/11/PB-295Alexander-Mattelaer_Cyber-Command.pdf

• Meyer, T., & Pershan, C. (2022). Room for improvement. Analysing redress policy on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter. EU DisinfoLab. https://www.disinfo.eu/publications/room-for-improvementanalysing-redress-policy-on-facebook-instagram-youtube-and-twitter/

• Otto, S., & Oberthur, S. (2022). Global Governance for the Decarbonisation of Energy-Intensive Industries: Exploring Sectoral Options. NDC ASPECTS. http://www.ndc-aspects.eu/sites/default/files/2022-10/ D6.1b%20Global%20Governance%20for%20the%20Decarbonisation%20of%20Energy-Intensive%20 Industries.pdf

• Perot, E. (2022). NATO, the EU and the Return of Collective Defence. CSDS Policy Brief, (12). https:// brussels-school.be/sites/default/files/CSDS%20Policy%20brief_2212.pdf

• Simón, L. (2022). Centre of Gravity: Security and Defense in the Indo-Pacific – What Role for the European Union. Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS).

• Vandercruysse, L., Dooms, M., & Buts, C. (2022). SPECTRE deliverable 4.8 - Studying the economic (non-) sense of ex-ante regulation. Smart city Privacy: Enhancing Collaborative Transparency in the Regulatory Ecosystem (SPECTRE). https://spectreproject.be/output/downloads

• Vermeire, L., Verhulst, N., Van den Broeck, W., Van Audenhove, L., & Demeulenaere, A. (2022). The Databuzz 2.0 – Data literacy education for the metropolitan context. SMIT Policy Brief, 65. https://smit.vub.ac.be/ policy-brief-65-the-databuzz-20

• Verstraete, W. (2022). Russian Nuclear Threats: A Security Conundrum and the EU's Response. European Liberal Forum Policy Paper, (15). https://doi.org/10.53121/ELFPP15

• Weatherburn, A., Kruithof, E. H., & Vanroelen, C. (2022). Labour migration in Flanders and the use of the single permit to address labour market shortages: The lived experiences of single permit holders working in medium skilled bottleneck professions.

• Willaert, T., & Sessa, M. G. (2022). From Infodemic to Information War (EDMO BELUX Investigative report): A contextualization of current narrative trends and evolutions in Dutch-language disinformation communities . EDMO BELUX: BE-LUX Research Hub on Digital Media and Disinformation.

• Willaert, T., Sessa, M. G., & Van Soest, J. (2022). The disinformative ecosystem. Link-sharing practices on Telegram as evidence of cross-platform amplification (EDMO BELUX investigative report). EDMO BELUX: BE-LUX Research Hub on Digital Media and Disinformation.

• Zomignani Barboza, J., D'Agostino, S., Briere, C., Navasartian, A., Nissen, A., Raedschelders, R., Fabcic Povse, D., Govaerts, L., & De Hert, P. (Ed.) (2022). FRANET SR 55 National Contribution to Fundamental Rights Report 2022 (Belgium). Publications Office of the European Union. https://fra.europa.eu/sites/ default/files/fra_uploads/fundamental_rights_report_2022-_belgium.pdf

OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS

• Tjahja, N., Shahin, J., & Meyer, T. (2022, Jan). Who Do You Think We Are? Recommendations to Improve our Knowledge of the Composition of Multistakeholder Participation at the IGF. United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies. https://cris.unu.edu/multistakeholder-participationigf

• Lumet, S., & Perot, E. (Eds.) (2022, Jan 4). La géopolitique des couleurs: Une conversation avec Michel Pastoureau. Groupes d'Etudes Géopolitiques. https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2022/01/04/conversationavec-michel-pastoureau/

• Carvalho, M. D. G., Hudson, R., Petit, A., & Soete, L. (2022, Feb 9). Climate technology and the global pandemic: Lessons and policy options.

• Soete, L. (2022, Mar 3). Fossil fuel subsidies: how can we end our addiction?

• Kim, T. (2022, Mar 10). The Foreign Policy of President-elect Yoon Suk-yeol: What to Expect: What do you expect his policy towards the United States to be? https://brussels-school.be/publications/otherpublications/foreign-policy-president-elect-yoon-suk-yeol-what-expect

• Vazquez Maymir, S., & Papakonstantinou, V. (2022, Mar 31). MES-CoBraD_D2.3-The CoBraD ethical and regulatory framework_v1.00. Manuscript submitted for publication.

• Vazquez Maymir, S., & Papakonstantinou, V. (2022, Mar 31). MES-CoBraD_D2.4-CoBraD IPR protection and standarisation report v1.

• Vazquez Maymir, S., & Papakonstantinou, V. (2022, Mar 31). D2.4 CoBraD IPR protection and standardisation v1.

• Lumet, S., & Perot, E. (2022, Jul 15). Strategic solidarity after Madrid, a conversation with Jens Stoltenberg. Groupes d'Etudes Géopolitiques. https://geopolitique.eu/en/2022/07/15/strategic-solidarity-after-madrida-conversation-with-jens-stoltenberg/