Home & Garden
Win, lose some
Post-harvest planting: Instructions for planting perennials for fall
Redhawks teams win many games, drop a couple this week
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Weekly news coverage for Charlotte and Hinesburg
Schools organize around new co-op mandates
Show some spirit
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Hinesburg ramps up traffic stops BRIANA BRADY STAFF WRITER
BRIANA BRADY STAFF WRITER
When the Legislature wrote into law the formation of Cooperative Educational Service Areas last year, it set into motion a long process. Over the coming months — and years — supervisory unions and schools districts will be standing up new organizations through which to share programming, services and finances. By law, Champlain Valley School District has been grouped with Mount Mansfield Union Unified School District and five Addison County districts — including the Hannaford Technical Center — to create one of the state’s seven new CESAs. The districts are still trying to figure out what that will look like. In its first meeting after establishing leadership among its board, the assembled district administrators of the Champlain South CESA heard from the leader of a similar New York educational institution and worked out some of the initial kinks in the process. “I think the sense of possibility is real,” Champlain Valley superintendent Adam Bunting said of being able to share certain
COURTESY PHOTO
Over the last several months, Hinesburg police officers have dramatically increased the number of times they pull over drivers for speeding, rolling through stops signs or violating other rules of the road. In February of 2024, Hinesburg police conducted 20 traffic stops. In February 2025, they did eight. This past February, officers stopped drivers 65 times. This year, between January and September, the number of traffics stops in Hinesburg has already exceeded the entirety of each of the past two calendar years — and here are still three months to go. “Traffic enforcement was something that I definitely wanted to increase here in the town,” police chief Chris Romance said. Romance took on the top job with the department in February. His tenure lines up neatly with a dramatic rise in the number of traffic stops. January only saw 17 traffic stops in town, a number that more than tripled the next month. “It also solves a lot of other duties. We want to be visible to the community, we want to be accessible to the community, and want to have more community contacts,” he said. Over the past few years, the Hinesburg Police Department has struggled with staffing. The force was so short-staffed in 2025 that the town ended weekend service and reduced daytime coverage hours to 9 a.m.-9 p.m. that February. At the time, the police
Champlain Valley Union celebrated its annual Spirit Day on Friday. See more photos, page 2.
See MEETING on page 3
See TRAFFIC STOPS on page 4
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COURTESY PHOTOS
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The Citizen • October 1, 2026 • Page 3
Auditing board resignation may presage board’s end MARI HUGLIN STAFF WRITER
The resignation of one of the three people on the Charlotte Board of Auditors may have simply been the beginning of the end for the board. Richard Mintzer resigned from his position at the end of August. Initially, his term was meant to terminate in 2028. He sent in his resignation letter on Aug. 28 but the selectboard didn’t acknowledge it until Monday, Sept. 28. Mintzer did not respond to a request for comment. Selectboard chair Natalie Kanner said she did not know why Mintzer resigned early, but assumed it may have had something to do with the possibility of the auditing board being dissolved since the town gets a more comprehensive annual audit from an
independent company, Sullivan, Powers and Co. Auditing board member Alexa Lewis said there have been conversations about dissolving the board since there can be a “duplication of jobs” between them and the independent auditors. “We try not to do duplication, but rather fill any gaps that there might be with the independent audit being the primary audit that’s used and put in the annual town report, and we just do a summary report,” Lewis said. Lewis said she and Mintzer had previously talked about dissolution. “We have suggested that they (the selectboard) consider doing away with the position of town auditor sooner rather than later,” Lewis said. She said the Board of Auditors and other town officials do have
confidence in the independent auditors, but the board has done some significant organizational work. She said the town could transition to just using the independent auditors if communication is clear and constant. “It might be appropriate as long as there was good communication between the independent auditors and the select board,” she said. Lewis said there could be some concern with the upcoming transition in the spring as long time town treasurer Mary Mead does not run for re-election. Lewis said she is grateful for the work Mintzer has done for the board and town over the years. She said he had good communication skills and was very diligent in his work. Her term ends this spring, and she does not plan on running for re-election.
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MEETING continued from page 1 services or programming across reimbursed the following year a districts. However, he added, certain number of cents on the those benefits weighed against dollar for its BOCES spending the amount of work it will — funding that is separate from take and the logistical hurdles the state’s foundation formula. involved. The services that districts “Folks in the state recreat- buy into at the BOCES level in ing the same thing seven times New York range from special over at the same time doesn’t education services and adminfeel logistically very smart,” he istrative assistance to technisaid. cal education Boards of or translation “Recreating the Cooperative services for Educationnon-English same thing seven al Services speaking fami— analogous lies. None of times over at the to the system this is infrarecently adoptstructure that same time doesn’t ed by Vermont Vermont has — have existed built out yet. feel logistically very in New York While the smart.” State since Capital Region 1948, although BOCES may the organiza— Adam Bunting give Chamtions have gone plain South through transformations and CESA an idea of where it might consolidation over the more be going, there are more basic than 70 years since they were pressing questions that the established. group has to address first — Lauren Gemmill, from New such as which district might York’s capital region BOCES, initially take on acting as the presented to the Champlain fiscal agent; when the group South CESA and took members should look to hire an executive through the financial set up and director; and when and how to services offered by her organi- access the state’s $15,000 startzation. up grant. The New York groups rely Some members of the group entirely on funding passed reflected that they may need to up from their participating temper expectations. districts. Depending on the “Since we’re talking about district, Gemmill told the startup money and scaling board, a school district will be support, it was not unnoticed
by me that the Capital Region BOCES serves the same number of students that we have in the entire state, and it was also not unnoticed by me that they have a budget that is larger than the entire Vermont Agency of Education to do so,” John Muldoon, the superintendent of Mount Manfield Union Unified School District, said. Muldoon added that Gemmill had emphasized that the New York BOCES system has also reached this point after decades of precedent. For now, the Champlain South CESA is trying to pull together resources from its various districts and map out where each district might have deficits or advantages it could share with the group. “I’m curious if others are feeling the same way with the Medicaid transformation going on right now — I am almost fearful to walk down to my business office and ask for anything. Are other folks feeling that way? When I start thinking about one of us becoming a fiscal agent, it’s daunting,” Bunting said to the group. Other districts in the cooperative don’t even have their own business offices to carry the stress of a changing financial landscape — they contract out. This is, coincidentally, something that a CESA might be able to help with down the line.
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Page 4 • October 1, 2026 • The Citizen
TRAFFIC STOPS continued from page 1 only employed three officers — then-acting chief Frank Bryan and two others. The numbers reflect those shortages. Over the course of 2024 and 2025, the number of traffic stops in town varied widely. For example, last year, stops increased from 29 in July to 134 in September before dipping to 18 in December. The December drop followed a decision by state police last November to stop responding to non-emergency calls in Hines-
burg — something the town had relied on as it cut back service, and which put more pressure on its three officers. Over the past few months, the number of stops has been more consistent. Every month since April of this year, Hinesburg police have made more than 100 stops, most often making around 140. Part of that, Romance said, is simply staffing. When he was hired, there was also an additional officer. This year, the department
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has been working with a full-time chief and four officers. Romance himself does patrols and traffic enforcement alongside his staff. Because of the increased staff capacity, Hinesburg has also increased its hours. Police are on duty from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. Monday through Friday. Romance said a large driver for him was making sure the department could have officers overseeing traffic enforcement during school dropoff. Hinesburg is home not only to its own community school, but also Champlain Valley Union High School — the largest high school in the state. “The ultimate goal is safety, whether it be pedestrian safety
with people crossing in crosswalks, or speed violations of people that are going too fast that might not be able to stop in time to cause an accident,” Romance said. Romance has stepped up the department’s directed patrols — assigning officers to watch over specific locations. Many of those directed patrols, he said, are the result of learning where accidents tend to happen in town. For readers of the weekly police blotter, those streets may be immediately identifiable. According to Vermont’s state crash data, in the last year there have been 45 crashes on Route 116, 15 on Silver Street and at least 10 on Pond Road.
While the traffic stops are up, the proportion of tickets issued versus warnings has waned slightly. In 2024, police gave 50% more tickets than warnings and 2025 saw an even split between the two. So far this year, Hinesburg officers have issued over 100 more warnings than the 583 tickets they’ve given. “My theory is, I would always go up to a vehicle and try to educate them, and I would always try to explain to them what they’re doing, why it’s unsafe, and why we want somebody to follow the rules,” Romance said. A second time, the person wouldn’t get off as lightly, he added.
Hinesburg Police Blotter: Sept. 21-25 Total reported incidents: 74 Arrests/citations: 3 Traffic stops: 42 Directed patrol: 7 Medical emergency: 3 Special overtime: 2 Citizen assist: 2 Fingerprinting: 2 Suspicious circumstance: 2 Animal problem: 2 Motor vehicle complaint: 2 Crash: 1 Theft: 1 Driving under the influence: 1 Property/home watch: 1 Selected incidents: Sept. 21 at 1:15 p.m., an officer responded to an animal
complaint on Silver Street. Sept. 21 at 2:30 p.m., police investigated reported erratic operation of a vehicle on Shelburne Falls Road. Sept. 21 at 3:58 p.m., an officer responded to a two-car crash on Route 116. Sept. 21 at 4:11 p.m., an officer assisted first responders with a medical emergency on Hawk Lane. Sept. 21 at 5:11 p.m., police cited someone for driving with a criminally suspended license during a traffic stop. Sept. 21 at 9:21 p.m., officers investigated a motor vehicle complaint on Pond Brook Road
and arrested someone for driving under the influence. Sept. 22 at 1122 a.m., police investigated reported property theft on Shelburne Falls Road. Sept. 22 at 1:18 p.m., an officer attempted a traffic stop on Route 116. The vehicle fled from the stop and the pursuit was terminated due to concerns for public safety. Sept. 23 at 2:28 p.m., police investigated suspicious activity on Birchwood Drive. Note: Charges filed by police are subject to review by the Chittenden County State’s Attorney office and can be amended or dropped.
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The Citizen • October 1, 2026 • Page 5
OPINION Journalism groups condemn new White House press restrictions Guest Perspective We, the undersigned journalism organizations, strongly condemn President Donald Trump’s decision to ban CNN, Politico and MS NOW from the White House. A free and independent press is fundamental to our democracy. Journalists must be able to report on government officials and hold those in power accountable without fear of retaliation or restrictions based on the content of their reporting. Presidents have the right to respond to criticism and challenge reporting they believe is inaccurate. However, using the power of the presidency to restrict access
for news organizations because of their coverage threatens the principles of press freedom and government transparency. The White House is a public institution, and access to it should not be conditioned on whether journalists or news organizations produce coverage that is favorable to the president. The press is a proxy for the public. When the press is denied access, the people are denied access to information. We stand with journalists and news organizations committed to informing the public. We urge the administration to respect the independence of the press and recognize that a free press is essential to a healthy democracy. Protecting press freedom is
not about supporting one political party or opposing another. It is about defending the constitutional principles that allow journalism to serve the public, regardless of who occupies the White House. As organizations representing and supporting journalism throughout New England, we remain committed to defending the First Amendment and supporting the vital role of an independent press.
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Prop 3 would give up flexibility Guest Perspective Clara Morrison This November, Vermonters will vote on Proposal 3, or “Prop 3,” a constitutional amendment advertised as protecting the right to collectively bargain. But Vermont workers already have that right. The First Amendment protects workers’ ability to assemble, associate and join a labor union if they choose. What Prop 3 would actually do is far more consequential. It would permanently prohibit Vermont from adopting a right-to-work law for private-sector employees and bar future laws that “interfere with, negate, or diminish” collective bargaining rights. That language could limit lawmakers’ ability to adopt policies such as allowing workers to cancel dues deductions at any time or ending the practice of requiring public employers to collect union dues. More importantly, Prop 3 could shift power from elected lawmakers to union contracts. If a future law conflicts with a collectively bargained provision, courts could be asked whether the law improperly interferes with constitutionally protected bargaining rights, and union contracts could end up superseding state law, giving unions more power than the Legislature itself. To understand why unions
support Prop 3, it is important to understand what changed after the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2018 decision in Janus v. AFSCME. For more than four decades, public-sector unions in non-rightto-work states could charge “agency fees” to workers who declined union membership but were covered by union contracts. Then, the court ruled that forcing public employees to subsidize a union’s negotiations with the government amounted to compelled political speech and violated their First Amendment rights. By 2023, roughly 22% of public employees had opted out, representing about 1.2 million fewer dues-paying employees than would have been expected without the decision. Prop 3 is largely the private sector unions’ response to that loss of guaranteed revenue. The amendment would permanently prevent Vermont lawmakers from considering policies that give workers more choice, stripping them of the freedom to decide whether a union continues to earn their support. Besides the compelled-speech argument, there are also economic reasons to preserve flexibility. In 2021, a Harvard study examined counties on opposite sides of right-to-work borders and found that right-to-work status was associated with higher population growth, stronger employment outcomes, a larger manufacturing
presence, lower unemployment, lower poverty and greater upward mobility. For a state facing population decline, an aging workforce and the loss of younger workers, permanently removing a policy option associated with economic growth is a significant risk. Vermont already has one of the highest tax burdens in the nation and faces growing costs for health care, pensions and public employee compensation. When government unions negotiate wages and benefits, taxpayers ultimately pay the bill. Prop 3 could make it harder for future legislators to respond when those obligations become unaffordable, giving union leadership greater power to preserve costly contract terms than elected officials have to change them. Health care is one example. Vermont is already facing rising public employee health care costs. Arizona recently explored replacing its traditional public employee health plan with Individual Coverage Health Reimbursement Arrangements, which provide workers with a fixed benefit they can use to purchase coverage that best fits their needs. Whether or not that approach is right for Vermont, lawmakers should retain the ability to consider new solutions as health care costs continue to rise.
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Page 6 • October 1, 2026 • The Citizen
Letters to the Editor Pasteris is a strong candidate for rep. To the Editor: I am excited to write this letter in strong support of Kelsey Pasteris, who is running to become our state representative from Chittenden-4. I first met Kelsey over three years ago when she reached out to meet with me in person to discuss some local and state issues being debated at the State House. I was immediately impressed with Kelsey. She demonstrated the ability to engage directly; she had strong listening skills, was sincere in her curiosity and her demeanor was friendly and open. Kelsey has many positive attributes, two of which I have come to recognize as particularly critical to the work of a successful representative for Hinesburg. First, Kelsey has the personal skills needed to interact effectively with her constituents and State House colleagues. Second, Kelsey has the personal and professional experiences that allow her to consider the needs of our community from multiple perspectives. Over the last year, I was heartened when State House colleagues mentioned Kelsey had either reached out to them personally or had attended events they too were attending. When I told them she was running to fill the open representative seat in Hinesburg, they indicated they would be excited to work with her. I ran
into two politically active friends who informed me that Kelsey, independently, had reached out to meet them in person. She asked them to explain their positions on issues such as housing and transportation, about which they had unique knowledge. I was struck by the interest and initiative Kelsey demonstrated. The second reason I am supporting Kelsey relates to her experiences in Vermont and Hinesburg. Kelsey is a health professional. Nursing is both a caring and technical career. Even more important is her experience as a working mother with a family facing the challenges many families are experiencing in Vermont. She has a child in our local public school and another who will soon require quality child care, while she and her spouse navigate the affordability challenges faced by many Vermonters. A local representative with first-hand knowledge of these issues is a valuable asset to our community. So, when I see a strong candidate like Kelsey willing to step into the role of representative, I am excited. I am confident stepping down knowing our town will be in the hands of a caring, compassionate and knowledgeable member of the Hinesburg community. I strongly recommend Kelsey Pasteris as our next state representative. Phillip Pouech Hinesburg
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The Citizen • October 1, 2026 • Page 7
COMMUNITY Community Notes Charlotte Grange October Events The Charlotte Grange has several events and collection drives planned for October. More information is available at the Charlotte Grange website. • Children’s Clothing and Winter Gear Drive: Oct. 1-11. • Food Drive for Farmworkers: Oct. 2-11. • Thursday Night Live: Ariel Zevon and the Wolf, Oct. 1, 7-9 p.m.; Poetry Open Mic Night, Oct. 8, 6:30-8:30 p.m.; Music Open Mic Night, Oct. 22, 6:30-8:30 p.m. • Charlotte Walks: Oct. 2 at Charlotte Park and Wildlife Refuge and Oct. 16 at Plouffe Lane, both at 8:30 a.m. • Vermont Reads Community Dinner: Oct. 4, 5-6:30 p.m., co-hosted with the Charlotte Library at the Grange. • Coffee and Muffins Social Hour: Oct. 16, 8:30-10 a.m. The Grange will also hold two listening sessions to gather community feedback about its future: Oct. 14, 6:30-7:30 p.m., at the Grange, and Oct. 25, 1:30-2:30 p.m., at the Charlotte Library.
‘Radiant Bodies’ comes to Shelburne gallery Hexum Gallery will present “Radiant Bodies,” a solo exhibition of paintings by New York City-based artist Sarah Walker, from Oct. 2 through Nov. 13. An opening reception will be held Friday, Oct. 2, from 4-8 p.m. Walker creates paintings in which the biological and technological, microscopic and cosmic appear to coexist. Working in layers of acrylic paint, she builds compositions of geometry, pattern and color, allowing traces of earlier layers to influence what follows. Forms appear suspended within the paintings, sometimes against complex, layered backgrounds and at other times against open fields of color. Many appear illuminated from within, giving them a distinct presence. Bodily without being figurative, they take on qualities that feel biological, spiritual and otherworldly. Walker’s work is held in public collections including the Museum of Modern Art, the National Academy of Design and Milwaukee Art Museum. Walker lives and works in New York City and Sullivan County, New York.
Lama Rod Owens comes to Burlington Burlington Dharma Collective will welcome Buddhist teacher and author Lama Rod Owens for an interactive talk and community meditation Wednesday, Oct. 14, from 6-8:30 p.m. at the O.N.E. Community Center, 20 Allen St., Burlington. Space is limited; preregistration is recommended. Walk-ins will be accommodated if space allows. No prior meditation
experience is needed. The event is donation-supported. Lama Rod is a Buddhist teacher and author. He describes himself as a Black Buddhist Southern Queen and brings his identity into his spiritual life and teachings. The event is hosted by the Burlington Dharma Collective, a local sangha, or spiritual community, that organizes regular sits, talks and classes in the Burlington area. Details and registration are available at burlingtondharmacollective.com. Questions may be directed to bdcVermont@ gmail.com.
East Charlotte Tractor Parade The East Charlotte Tractor Parade will celebrate its 24th year Oct. 11. The parade begins at 1 p.m., with festivities from noon to 3 p.m. at the corner of Spear Street and Hinesburg-Charlotte Road. Spear Street from Green Mountain Hay to Hinesburg-Charlotte Road will be closed during the festivities. Food trucks will be located at the north and south ends of the road closure. Craft and snack vendors will be in the grassy area in front of the Charlotte General Store, with music in front of the store. Family activities will be held outside the Grange Hall, Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church and in the field at Green Mountain Hay. Parking is available at the north and south ends of the road closure. For drivers, check-in begins at Green Mountain Hay Farm, 3238 Spear St., after 11 a.m. A free lunch for drivers and their guests will be served at 11:30 a.m. Tractors line up at 12:30 p.m. and the parade leaves at 1 p.m. The 4.5-mile route travels north on Spear Street, east on Hinesburg-Charlotte Road, south on Bean Road, west on Prindle Road and north on Spear Street back to Green Mountain Hay. Drivers may pull a wagon with guests. The parade is nonpolitical; political displays are not permitted. Organizers also ask participants not to throw candy to prevent children from running into the road. The event will be held rain or shine. For more information, contact the organizers through Facebook or Terra Heilenbach at 802-881-5203.
Asylum assistance group holds benefit concert A benefit concert for Chittenden Asylum Seekers Assistance Network will be held Saturday, Oct. 10, at 7 p.m. at College Street Congregational Church, Burlington. The musicians have volunteered their time and musical expertise, along with their knowledge of the “immigration” of music to our country. Performers are Sara Grey, Mark Greenberg, William Lee Ellis, Migmar Tsering and Vermont’s Freedom
COURTESY PHOTO
Lama Rod Owens is Buddhist teacher and author coming to Burlington on Oct. 14.
and Unity Chorus. A raffle of items and a silent auction for a handmade quilt will also be held. Many of the items are from artists who assist with CASAN’s annual spring Arts for Asylum
fundraiser. Advance tickets are available at casanvermont.org. See COMMUNITY NOTES on page 15
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Page 8 • October 1, 2026 • The Citizen
HOME & GARDEN Post-harvest planting: Some perennials for fall AMY SIMONE UVM EXTENSION
The garden season is slowly winding down, but before you clean and store your tools, consider taking advantage of this quieter time to add some perennials to your garden. Plants that are tucked into the soil at least four to six weeks before the ground freezes will be adequately established before winter. Come spring, they will emerge along with your other perennials. A nice aspect of adding perennials in the fall is that your existing plants have reached their full size for the season, making it easier to identify where there are gaps to fill in. Although the angle of the sun has changed a bit, you can still determine the light conditions in the parts of the garden where you would like to plant. This is also an excellent time to scan your yard to see if it could use some more
fall color. If the answer is yes, head to the garden center to look for plants that are in full bloom right now. Planting these perennials as soon as you get them home gives you immediate enjoyment this year and will pay dividends in future years. Local nurseries typically look to reduce their inventory before winter, so you can often enjoy discounts on the purchase of perennials. The selection may be a bit more limited, but it is likely that you will still find some lovely additions for your garden. Don’t forget that now is the time to put those spring blooming bulbs in the ground, too. Fall is a great time to divide or move spring and summer blooming perennials established in your gardens. Look for plants that have died out in the middle, are blooming less, have become too large, or are so COURTESY PHOTO
See PERENNIALS on page 9
DON’T HIBERNATE. BUTTON UP. Sign up for Weatherization Wednesdays! This October, we’re hosting free webinars from 12:00 - 1:00 pm: • 10/7: Home Weatherization Made Simple • 10/14: How to Get the Most out of Your Heat Pump • 10/21: Small Fixes, Big Impact
Register at ButtonUpVermont.org/events (Recordings will be online and sent to registrants after each webinar.)
All offers subject to eligibility and availability.
Fall is the time to divide or move spring and summer blooming perennials.
The Citizen • October 1, 2026 • Page 9
Mums and More Before next spring, select and plant your bulbs this fall DEBORAH J. BENOIT UVM EXTENSION
As the gardening season winds down, why not think ahead to spring and plant some early bloomers like crocus (Crocus) and daffodils (Narcissus)? Where would you like to see flowers? Fall is a great time to prepare a new garden plot. Even established beds can benefit from a scattering of spring blooming bulbs for early color in the garden before perennials emerge. Clusters of tulips (Tulipa gesneriana) could stand boldly on their own. Consider planting snowdrops (Galanthus nivalis), Siberian squill (Scilla siberica) or grape hyacinths (Muscari) under deciduous shrubs or trees where they’ll put on a show before the leaves on their larger neighbors unfurl. Plant early-, mid- and late-season varieties if you’d like a continuous display of flowers week after week. Planting a swath of a single color can make a bold statement, while scattering bulbs across a wider area (such as crocus to naturalize in the lawn) or planting a selection of large, medium and small bulbs together can create a softer, more natural look. When selecting bulbs, check to be sure no mold is present and that they’re firm to
the touch. If transplanting bulbs, discard any that are soft or damaged. If you’re planning a new bed for perennials next spring, consider including spring blooming bulbs now while reserving the parts you intend to plant later. In existing beds or near shrubs and trees, dig carefully to avoid disturbing the roots of perennials already growing there. Nestle bulbs between larger roots. For best results, always refer to the instructions included with whatever bulbs you intend to plant. In general, bulbs should be planted about three times deeper than the height of the bulb. For example, for a 2-inch bulb, dig a hole 6 inches deep, place the bulb pointed side up at the bottom of the hole, fill with soil, tamp lightly in place and water. For a multi-layered effect, combine different sizes and types of bulbs, such as red tulips, grape hyacinths and snowdrops, together like lasagna. Dig a trench deep enough to accommodate the largest type of bulb. Put those bulbs in place and cover with soil to the depth of the next largest bulb. Put each layer in place, and water when the smallest bulbs have been covered with soil. See BULBS on page 11
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With Your Kitchen
PERENNIALS
continued from page 8 overcrowded that air does not circulate well around them. In particular, perennials with fleshy roots, such as peonies and Siberian iris, need to be divided or transplanted in the fall. Whether you are planting a new perennial, transplanting an existing one, or moving a division, be sure to water it and the soil in its new location a day before planting. Choose an overcast day to conduct this task. Dig a hole at the same depth but wider than the plant’s root ball. If you are planting perennials that have spent the entire season constrained in a pot, you may need to loosen the roots a bit. Do not add fertilizer, as it is not needed by the plant at this time. Fill in the hole with soil and surround the transplant with a couple of inches of compost. Do not mulch around the plant yet,
as this will allow the soil to soak up more of the daytime heat. Micro- or feeder roots will begin to grow in the warm fall soil, helping the transplants to establish a solid root structure before entering dormancy for the winter. Water the transplants deeply once or twice per week if there is no rain. Stop watering and place mulch around the plant as temperatures begin to drop. It is a good idea to place a plant marker noting the variety next to your transplant. That way, you can take care not to disrupt the sprouts as they emerge in the spring. Spending just a while longer in your garden now will get your perennials off to a solid start for next spring. Amy Simone is a UVM Extension Master Gardener volunteer from South Burlington.
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Page 10 • October 1, 2026 • The Citizen
HOME & GARDEN Smell is a superpower The Outside Story Michael J. Caduto
ILLUSTRATION BY ADELAIDE MURPHY TYROL
When my cat greets me with a headbutt, I affectionately return the gesture. To me, it’s a sign of love and affection, but to my cat, it is much more. Rubbing me with the scent glands on her cheeks and forehead leaves an olfactory marker that identifies me as a member of her family. Cats have nine scent glands that span head to tail. These pheromones strengthen familial bonds, mark a cat’s territory, and communicate an animal’s emotions, state of health, reproductive status and identity. Cats aren’t the only animals that exist in rich and highly informative olfactory realms. By both emitting and sensing odors, animals can locate sources of food, orient towards their homes, find a mate, detect danger in their surroundings and sense whether another animal is predator or prey. The mass of neural tissue in a vertebrate animal’s forebrain that processes the information detected in the nasal cavity is called the olfactory bulb. Humans have an acute sense of smell and possess an olfactory bulb significantly larger than that found in many mammalian brains. When compared to the overall volume of the brain, however, many animals devote relatively more brain matter to detecting and interpreting scent. For example, the olfactory bulb and related structures make up nearly 2% of
the volume of a dog’s brain, versus 0.03% in humans. The relative size of a mouse’s olfactory bulb is 200 times that of a human. Black bears have an olfactory bulb that is five times larger than that in the human brain and possess 100 times more sensory tissue lining their nasal cavity – both of which account for why a black bear’s nose is some 2,000 times more powerful than our own. Coyotes, foxes and other canids also have an exceptional sense of smell, possessing more than 50 times the number of olfactory receptors as humans. Canids can also direct their nostrils independently in order to detect smells coming from different directions. They exhale through a slit on each side of the nose, enabling their nostrils to capture and accumulate scents, rather than blowing them away. Fox and coyote mark their territory with scents in their urine and feces. These smells communicate information on their sex, breeding status, state of health, age and diet. While foxes tend to leave skunklike scent markings on an elevated perch, such as a log or stump, coyotes leave theirs on the ground and scratch to spread them around. But mammals aren’t the only creatures dependent on their strong sense of smell for survival. If you asked a snake to describe how it senses odor, its response would be literSee OUTSIDE STORY on page 11
If it’s important to you or your community look for it in The Citizen.
The Citizen • October 1, 2026 • Page 11
COURTESY PHOTO
Bulbs can be foced to bloom indoors in winter.
BULBS
continued from page 9 As a final touch, add a layer of mulch to help retain moisture in the soil. Mulch can help even out winter temperature fluctuations that could cause soil heaves and leave bulbs exposed to the elements. Any extra bulbs you have can be forced to bloom indoors this winter. Since most bulbs require a period of cold before blooming, place them in a paper bag in the refrigerator (not the freezer). Large bulbs like daffodils require a longer chilling period (twelve to sixteen weeks), while small bulbs like snowdrops and grape hyacinth require a shorter time (10 to 12 weeks). After chilling, plant closely together in a container of potting mix with the tips of the bulbs peeking above the soil. Water and place in a cool location (50 to 60°F). When green leaves emerge, move to a sunny spot
and watch as spring arrives early indoors. Some bulbs — like paperwhite narcissus (Narcissus papyraceus) and freesia (Freesia) — don’t require cold before blooming. Simply place bulbs in a paper bag and store in a cool, dry location until you’re ready to plant indoors this winter. For answers to your home gardening questions, contact the University of Vermont Extension Master Gardeners Helpline online (go.uvm.edu/gardeninghelpline) or by phone at 802-656-5421 on Thursdays from 9 a.m. to noon between April and October. Deborah Benoit is a UVM Extension Master Gardener who volunteers as a garden columnist and participates in Bennington County Extension Master Gardener Chapter activities.
OUTSIDE STORY
continued from page 10
ally tongue-in-cheek. A snake’s olfactory superpower comes from its unique system for detecting scent. When a snake flicks its tongue, it picks up minute scent particles in the air. The tongue is then drawn back into its mouth and inserted into two slots in the palate (one tip of the tongue goes into each hole) that connect to a sensory structure called the Jacobson’s organ (vomeronasal organ), that then sends signals to the brain, which identifies the scent. Birds also rely on their olfactory sense in everyday life. Turkey vultures possess one of the keenest senses of smell of any bird; they can detect the scent of carrion hundreds of feet away, even when an animal’s remains are hidden beneath tree crowns and other dense foliage. This survival advantage contributes to their abundance, versatility, and broad geographic range, which — spanning from southern Canada to the tip of South America — exceeds that of any other vulture. A turkey vulture’s olfactory bulb is unusually large compared to that of other birds and is even
quadruple the size of this neural structure in the brains of black vultures. Moreover, the tissue in a turkey vulture’s olfactory bulb possesses twice the number of mitral cells as a black vulture, the cells that convey olfactory information to the brain. Granted, the odor of carrion is repulsive to humans, but it is a vulture’s olfactory elixir. Survival aside, the appeal of the various smells we encounter is clearly in the eye (or nose) of the beholder. While we primarily take in the landscape with our eyes and ears, many other animals absorb the world through their sense of smell. Michael J. Caduto is a writer, ecologist and storyteller who lives in Reading. He is author of “Through a Naturalist’s Eyes: Exploring the Nature of New England.” Illustration by Adelaide Murphy Tyrol. The Outside Story is assigned and edited by Northern Woodlands magazine and sponsored by the Wellborn Ecology Fund of New Hampshire Charitable Foundation: nhcf.org.
Page 12 • October 1, 2026 • The Citizen
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Redhawk Allie Barrett defends the ball from Colchester opponent on Sept. 23, 3-1.
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" to hearing last v s in oard vice Day ballot item board the public safety plan able housing, governance m models, our student of Town Meeting manager form With school can do for environment,” 11 released to the selectboard, HinesCharlotte’s future and otherr issues switch to a town ic 127 in r said. POLOGY on page omic APOL See " ! econom # ! ! n Metzle ture passed Act dist s " with more than two dozen n resigovernment. ! Meg Megha ol district chairr Legisla school restarting talks to merge their #"! "! dents during Tu Tuesday night’s hour Since the den County departments into a single municilong community forum. Ch co 22, Chitten ingg counts. 2022, pality covering both towns. Incumbent Frank Te Tennney is ing pupil-weightina roughly ro Even before the plan was the running uncontested for a threedecreas budget marks from anks to ngg fro thanks 5 released, Richmond had reached year term on the selectboard d alongin spendin The FY202 increase " " " " ! " side incumbent Louise MccCarren mi 10 million $10 a meeting. ti Selectboard S l tb d Chair Ch i d Natalie N li K h arre both and Kanner, who b h Merrily Lovell in December said vying for the two-year seat. McCa afffectto, MAZUR ce premiumss bu ere responding that she, departments selectboard were member rren was present for most of the DWIGHT busiand in health insuran s, towns, PHO BY PHOTO wns, and volu of calls volume its second their managMaggie Gordon, town # " " " " as well as COREY MCDONALD increase school district state. d team earned and compared nts, points, er To Todd Odit anddata police Chief remaining last few question ns. the March, other ount Mansfiel STTAFF WRITER the departing many throughout ed last Ma oved Anthony Cambridge metwidth withof Champlain Valley/M Matthew Bijur, who waas also approv g than that to the bandwid d nesses alike budget, safety stra- " ! in spendin fff . ck. 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They the two police CVU’s Violet Wenscchhof competes on beam during a gymnastic competition against Burr & Burtoon and Burlington. More on page 13. of incidents that See FORUM on page 10 See SAFETY PLAN on page 12 LIBERTY DARR STTAFF WRITER
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Champlain Valley 6, Burlington 1: Emery Thompson’s fourgoal outburst led the Champlain Valley field hockey team to a win over Burlington on Saturday. Thompson also added an assist, while Hanna Jones tallied twice and Stella Soucy scored once for the Redhawks. Cici Kenney made two saves to earn the win in goal. CVU moved to 4-4 with the win and looked to get another victory when they took on Rice Tuesday after press deadline.
Boys’ soccer Burr and Burton 3, Champlain Valley 1: Champlain Valley fell on the road to defending Division I champs Burr and Burton in a rematch of last year’s championship game. Burr and Burton got the 3-1 win and CVU fell to 5-2-1 with the loss. Lincoln Ricketts had the lone goal for the Redhawks. CVU took
on South Burlington Tuesday at 4:30 p.m. after press deadline as they look to get back in the win column.
Golf The Champlain Valley boys’ golf team finished in second place at the NVAC Championships at Basin Harbor on Friday. The Redhawks came in second place behind Essex (315). Quinn Vincent was their low scorer, shooting a 74 for an individual second-place finish.
Football St. Johnsbury 42, Champlain Valley 7: Luca D’Agostino and Alex Jovell connected through the air for the Redhawks lone touchdown. CVU will take on Essex on the road at 7 p.m. on Friday.
Girls’ soccer Champlain Valley 2, Burlington 1: Clover Rehbein and Ellie Antonucci each had a goal for the Redhawks, while Sam Heins and Flynn Sexton each added an assist. Eisley Devitt made three saves in
goal. CVU moved to 5-2-1 with the win and looked to make it four wins in a row when they took on Essex Wednesday after press deadline.
Girls’ volleyball Champlain Valley 3, Mount Mansfield 1: CVU lost the first set 25-20 but then won the next three, 25-15, 25-18 and 25-22, to grab the win. The Redhawks move to 5-2 and will look to make it three wins in a row when they take on St. Johnsbury on Monday before welcoming Essex on Friday.
Boys’ volleyball Champlain Valley 3, Mount Mansfield 0: Champlain Valley rebounded from dropping its first two losses of the season with a win over Mount Mansfield on Saturday in high school boys’ volleyball. CVU, who lost two games in a row to Essex, won in straight sets, 25-20, 25-18 and 25-21. The Redhawks are now 6-2 and took on BFA-St. Albans Tuesday after press deadline.
The Citizen • October 1, 2026 • Page 13
Horoscope October 1, 2026
ANSWERS FROM THIS ISSUE
Weekly Puzzles
RABIES BAIT
saliva. If left untreated, rabies is almost alcontinued from page 2 ways fatal in humans and animals. However, Page 14 • October 1, 2026 • The Citizen treatment with the rabies vaccine is nearly The week-long bait drop is a coopera- 100 percent effective when given soon after SHELBURNE DAY fac tive effort between Vermont and the U.S. a person is bitten by a rabid animal. continued from page 4 Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services So far this year, 23 animals in Vermont bu to stop the spread of the potentially fatal have tested positive for rabies, and 14 of Shelburne Historical Society will have a he disease. those have been raccoons. display and president Dorothea Penar will th Rabies is a deadly viral disease of the According to wildlife officials, rabid brain that infects mammals. It is most often animals often show a change in their nor- lead a cemetery tour at 1 p.m. Food ven- Go seen in raccoons, skunks, foxes, and bats, mal behavior, but you cannot tell whether dors round out the event with everything de but unvaccinated pets and livestock can also an animal has rabies simply by looking at from coffee and lemonade to burgers and lan RABIES BAIT If left untreated, rabies is almost al- creemees. Kids will enjoy meeting animals Ro get rabies. The virus is spread through the saliva. it. People should not touch or pick up wild from Shelburne Farms, craft projects, and continued from page 2 ways fatalorinstrays humans and baby animals. However, bite of an infected animal or contactemail with itsadvertising@thecitizenvt.com animals – even animals. To advertise or call 802-238-4980 treatment with the rabies vaccine is nearly The week-long bait drop is a coopera- 100 percent effective when given soon after SHELBURNE DAY fac tive effort between Vermont and the U.S. a person is bitten ANTIQUES COLLECTIBLES by a rabid animal. continued fromCONSTRUCTION page 4 Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services So far this year, 23 animals in Vermont bu • Basement P E positive for rabies, and 14 of to stop the spread of the potentially fatal haveYtested ANTIQUES WANTED Shelburne Historical Society will have a Waterproofing he Decluttering? Downsizing? disease. those have been raccoons. • Crawl Space Repair display and president Dorothea Penar will th We can help you discover, learn about and sell: Collectibles Rabies is a deadly viral disease of the According Sports to wildlife officials, rabid • Sump Pump Systems WATCHES • JEWELRY • COINS • SILVER • ARTWORK lead a cemetery tour at 1 p.m. Food venGo • Foundation Repair brain that infects mammals. It is most often animals often show a Memorabilia change in their norand R withWindows everything de L I C but you cannot tell whether dors round out the event• Egress seen in raccoons, skunks, foxes, and bats, malEbehavior, from coffee and lemonade to burgers lan Bob Jessica Trautwine but unvaccinated pets and livestock can also an animal for rates: calland 985-3 has& rabies simply by looking at Call/Text 802-233-1451 • Hyperreliccards@gmail.com creemees. Kids will enjoy meeting animals Ro BittnerThe • 802-489-5210 getBrian rabies. virus is• info@bittnerantiques.com spread through the it. People should not touch or pick upVT wild 3762 Shelburne Rd • Ste 3 • Shelburne, email advertising from Shelburne Farms,orcraft projects, and Wednesday-Friday, with walk-ins to sell Thursdays bite of an infected animal or contact with its animals or strays By appointment only animals. – even baby
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The Citizen • October 1, 2026 • Page 15
COMMUNITY NOTES continued from page 7
Inklings celebrates third anniversary Inklings Children’s Books, 106 Mad River Green, Waitsfield, will celebrate its third anniversary Oct. 10, 10 a.m.-4 p.m., with an all-day celebration featuring drinks, cupcakes, story time, crafts and more.
Medical centers shares stories from the heart Palliative Support Services at Porter Medical Center will present its fifth Stories from the Heart storytelling event Wednesday, Oct. 14, from 6:30 to 8 p.m. at Town Hall Theater in Middlebury. Doors open at 6 p.m. This year’s theme, “Honoring the Spirits of Those Who Have Left This World,” will bring the community together through personal stories of loss, grief, remembrance and healing. Five local storytellers will share true personal stories without notes or prompts. Their names will be announced the week before the event. Immediately following the event, attendees are invited to walk a luminary-lit path from Town Hall Theater to the Henry Sheldon Museum. At the museum’s Community Memory Altar, participants may light a candle in honor of a loved one. Harpist Matthew Von Behrens will provide music during the remembrance.
Read your mind: Opera house presents Lightfoot Saturday, Oct. 10, 7:30 p.m., The Barre Opera House — The Lightfoot Band performs songs by Gordon Lightfoot, including
“Sundown,” “If You Could Read My Mind,” “Carefree Highway” and “The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald.” $28-$44 plus fees. Tickets at 802-476-8188 or online only.
Dragonheart supports breast cancer survivors During Breast Cancer Awareness Month, Dragonheart Vermont will hold an information session for prospective members Wednesday, Oct. 7, at 6 p.m. at Faith United Methodist Church, 899 Dorset St., South Burlington. Dragonheart Vermont welcomes people of all ages, abilities and experience levels, including breast cancer survivors, supporters, competitive athletes and those looking for an active way to connect with others. The paddling season concludes Oct. 3, when the boats are removed from the water for winter storage, but new members who join now will have access to off-season training opportunities, including fitness classes with Vermont Fitness and pool paddling programs designed for dragon boating. Membership is $25 for the remainder of the calendar year. New breast cancer survivor members who join in January are eligible for a reduced $100 annual membership, supported by community fundraising.
Harvest Fest comes to Stowe Stowe Mountain Resort will celebrate the changing seasons with Harvest Fest Saturday, Oct. 17, from noon-5 p.m. outside Midway Base Lodge.
COURTESY PHOTO
Linda McGinnis and Kimberly Rockwood are in the comedy-drama “Control Top,” coming to South Burlington Oct. 10.
The event will feature Vermont flavors, live music and family-friendly activities. Live music on the lawn will be provided by Blues4Breakfast and the Seth Yacovone Band.
On Oct. 3-4, 100 Candles Tattoo will host the third Rail City Tattoo Convention at City
Hall in St. Albans. The event, which debuted in 2023, brings tattoo artists from around Vermont and the country together to demonstrate their work.
MORRISON continued from page 5 The same applies to pensions. Even after several years of reform, the Vermont State Teachers’ Retirement System is only 63% funded, while the State Employees’ Retirement System is about 73% funded, leaving billions in unfunded liabilities. With a large share of state employees approaching retirement eligibility, Vermont will need every available tool to address long-term obligations. Illinois, the only other state to constitutionalize collective bargaining rights this broadly, offers a cautionary example. Its constitutional protections have made pension reform extremely difficult, leaving taxpayers respon-
FALL FOLIAGE
PHOTO CONTEST Submit your best Vermont fall foliage shots by midnight on Wednesday, Oct. 28. Winning photos will be published in a November issue of the newspaper and/or online at StoweToday.com.
Send images to foliage@stowereporter.com. Limit of three original 2026 foliage images per person. Visit StoweToday.com for full contest details.
Tattoo Convention returns to St. Albans
2025 WINNER
Photo by Elisa Gelineau
sible for roughly $143 billion in unfunded pension liabilities, the worst in the nation. Prop 3’s broad language could also create years of uncertainty as courts determine how its new constitutional protections interact with state and federal labor law, a question Illinois is also facing. Small employers could face litigation over whether workplace policies interfere with bargaining rights, and the state could be forced to defend the amendment against legal challenges. Taxpayers would ultimately bear those costs. Constitutional amendments are difficult to undo. The law
can be changed when circumstances change, but a constitutional provision cannot. Vermont workers already have the right to organize. What Prop 3 would take away is the ability of future voters and legislators to decide how Vermont’s labor laws should evolve. Before permanently giving up that flexibility, Vermonters should ask whether they are comfortable putting these decisions beyond the reach of future lawmakers. Clara Morrison is the executive director of Right for Vermont Foundation and a resident of Jericho.
Page 16 • October 1, 2026 • The Citizen
HONORING OUR
VETERANS On Nov. 5, The Citizen will be honored to publish photos of the men and women who have unselfishly served our country. Shelburne News
G ORmIoN HOVeN Us terans A ng
Feb. 1962–Jan. 1969
WALTER J. LUCHINI United States Army, SP 4 Years of service: 1963 - 1966 United States and South Korea
ROBERT A. MILLETTE United States Navy; WW II Seaman 1st Class
GEORGE R. NATTRESS United States Marine Corps Pacific Theater
1944-1946
am
ELEANOR ALEXANDER Jacobson (In Memoriam) United States Navy, WAVE Yeoman Third Class September 1944–June 1946
BILL OAKES United States Army Corporal 1952-1954
DEBBIE OAKES United States Army Sergeant 1977-1980
FLORENCE M. MACALISTER United States Marine Corps Sergeant | WWI 1918-19 HQS, US Marine Corps, Washington, D.C.
EDWARD GARVEY United States Air Force
WM DAVID GERNS, JR S/Sgt, Communications PETER PAUL ZUK ICC(SW) Specialist U.S. Marine Corps United States Navy (Ret.) 764th Radar Squadron, and St. Albans 1st Lieutenant1st Class Petty Officer Henri de Marne , Headquarters, 1955-57 his brother Claude 1944 31st Air Division, MN Served WW2, Japan and Korea Patton’s 3rd army, resistance following French on. before liberati
am ori
ori
em
em
M In
JUDITH A. COHEN Captain, Nurse Corps, USNR-R Reserve service 1973-2004
Active duty 1975-1978 National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
M
In
FELIX F. COWEY, JR. Col. Ret. United States Army Korea 1949, 1951-52 West Point 1946
KYLE GRAY MARNE & United States Army PVT. HENRI DE E Private First ClassPVT. CLAUDE DE MARN
WSKI ROBERT S. BORKO Medic Sergeant (SFC) al Guard VT Army Nation 1982-2005
am
ori em M
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em
In
MCSWEENEY United States Air Force 1st Lieutenant 4750th Air Defense Wing Yuma, Ariz. 1953 - 1956
AY, SR. LORENZO P. BUSHW April 28, 1960 Active Duty: 1955 Feb. 1953-Feb.
W. DONALD DALTON, SR. United States Navy 1942–1946
C. LOUIS “LOU” DEFORGE United States Army Captain 1967 - 1971
TIMOTHY J KEEFE United States Marine Corps Corporal May 1976 - May 1980
CHRISTOPHER GIRARD United States Air Force Lieutenant Colonel 1965-1985
HENRY JOSEPH GIROUX III United States Navy Chief Petty Officer
RICHARD GARROW United States Navy Torpedo Man
DAVID W. GARVEY USMC, Sargent EOD Specialist 1985-1993
JAMES M. KEHOE VT Air National Guard Chief Master Sergeant 158th FW DET 1 at Langley AFB
TRAVIS J. KEHOE VT Air National Guard Technical Sergeant
PIERRE LEMIEUX United States Marine Corps 4th Marine Infantry Regiment Sergeant, Vietnam Veteran July 23, 1963–October 14, 1966
LOU LERTOLA US Army, US Army Reserve & VTANG 1960–1994 Command Sergeant Major 40 years military service
CHAD LEWBER (w/daughter Leanne) VTANT/US Marine Corps Sargeant, Flight Medic Served in Iraq
LAURIE JACQUES USCG and ARNG 1994-2005
R ROLAND W. WILBU United States Army d Division T/4, 14th Armore WW II 1942-46
D DAVID F. LELAN United States Navy Lieutenant WWII 1944-1955
ROBERT ALLSTON LACLAIR United States Navy Quartermaster April 1943- April 1946
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ROGER L. BOURGEA United States Navy Armed Guard Gunners Mate Third Class Served on Tankers and Liberty Cargo ships Dec. 1942 - Jan. 1946
DENNIS JOHNSON A2C USAF 1959 -1963
WILLIAM F. LADD United States Air Force Airman 1st Class 1955-1959
ROBERT K. LAMONDA United States Army PFC 43rd Division 1941-1945
MICHAEL W. LYNCH U.S. Navy, Lt.J.G. 1967-1975 Civil Engineer Corp 79 VT Air Guard 1976-19
THOMAS R. KLEH US Merchant Marines United States Navy Captain 1943-1977
N PERRY D. MELVI 3 U.S. Navy, HM nt 3rd Marine Regime Vietnam War
RAYMOND ‘RAY’ LEBLANC United State Air Force Strategic Air Command Alert Force Feb 1960 - Mar 1968
PETER GADUE G US Army and VTARN 1970-2009
In
ROSANNE M. GRECO United States Air Force (Ret.) Colonel | 1973 - 2003 Strategic Intelligence Officer & Nuclear Arms Control Negotiator Postings across the US, Europe and Far East
M
em
ori
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MAN, SR. ROBERT F. WHITE U.S. Air Force E6 1959-1979
M
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em
M
MSGR. JOHN R.
am
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RICHARD ARVID
JACOBSON United States Navy
Yeoman 2nd Class October 1943–June 1946
In
The
MORTON A. LORD United States Air Force Captain
The Other Paper • November 7, 2024 • Page 11
In
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Page 10 • November 7, 2024 • The Other Paper
ROBERT ‘BOB’ LEBLANC United States Air Force 1st Lieutenant, F-100D Pilot Mar 1956 - Dec 1958 Lost on classified mission Posthumous burial Arlington National Cemetary
BLAKE SHANNON B. U.S. Army, Major 1986-2006 Veteran Afghanistan War
ROBERT ERNEST KAIGLE United States Navy World War II, 1943-1945 Korean War, 1950-1951
GORDON KEARNS United States Army WWII
N THOMAS C. GIBSO Royal Air Force Squadron Leader 1947-1952, Malaya
IATA BRUCE NUNZ 1st Infantry Vietnam 1967-68
DEAN KIRBY United States Air Force A1C Viet Nam 1970
DAVID WINER Corps Corporal, Marine 1946 March 1944-July Peleliu Campaign
DAVID R. LECLAIR United States Marine Corps Corporal 1976-1980
JR. WILLIAM A. READ ander U.S. Navy Comm or Patrol Gunnery Instruct Squadron 101 Southwest Pacific
If you have a veteran you would like us to honor, please mail or email your photo and the following information by
THURSDAY, OCT. 29 Please include: • Name of veteran • Branch of service • Rank • Years of service • Town of residence
EMAIL PHOTOS AND TEXT TO: stephanie@shelburnenews.com OR MAIL TO: The Citizen, P.O. Box 489, Stowe, VT 05672