McGraw-Hill Connect® is a digital teaching and learning environment that improves performance over a variety of critical outcomes; it is easy to use; and it is proven effective. Connect offers a wealth of interactive online content, including health labs and self-assessments, video activities on timely health topics, and practice quizzes with immediate feedback.
CONNECT NOW FEATURES THESE ADVANCED DATA ANALYTICS CAPABILITIES.
Connect Insight® is a new oneof-a-kind visual analytics dashboard—now available for both instructors and students—that provides at-a-glance information regarding student performance, which is immediately actionable. By presenting assignment, assessment, and topical performance results together with a time metric that is easily visible for aggregate or individual results, Connect Insight gives the user the capability to take a just-in-time approach to teaching and learning, which was never before available. Connect Insight presents data that empowers students and helps instructors improve class performance in a way that is efficient and effective.
✔ New Figure 15-1 on estimated new cases of HIV infections for ages 13-24.
✔ New information on medication for HIV prevention for high-risk individuals and antiretroviral therapy.
Chapter 16: Exploring Lifetime Wellness Issues
✔ Expanded information on workplace wellness
✔ Updated information on driving safety and distracted driving
✔ Revised information on complementary and integrative health practices
✔ Updated information on health care costs
✔ New information on climate change and environmental issues
✔ Updated Lab Activity 16-3: The Environment: “One Man’s Trash…”
OFFERING A VARIETY OF PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES TO INFORM, ENGAGE, AND MOTIVATE STUDENTS
A Wellness Way of Life includes a number of features that facilitate learning, promote critical thinking, and engage students actively in the learning process.
Key Terms
Important terms are highlighted in boldface to capture students’ attention and increase retention.
Top 10
Appearing in each chapter, the Top 10 boxes offer additional insight into chapter topics. Examples include ways to prevent injury during exercise and tips for hosting a safer party.
The Num bers
These boxes showcase thought-provoking statistics of interest to the chapter content.
Diversity Issues
This feature addresses fitness and wellness issues for various cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Sample topics include health disparities among Americans, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and weight differences in various groups.
Think About It
These boxes stimulate individual critical thinking and can serve as topics for class discussion.
What is Your Stage of Change?
Understand your own state of change with behavior-change flowcharts as you progress through the chapters. A Wellness Way of Life is a “how to” program that will help you bridge the gap between knowing and doing, featuring content presented in a way that is relevant and motivating.
Tips for Behavior Change
This important feature provides practical applications of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change by helping students integrate the process and strategies of change into their lives.
Prescription for Action
These boxes, located at the end of each chapter, offer practical ideas for behavior change. Each “self-prescription” includes a selection of daily actions that are small in themselves—such as walking an extra 2,000 steps, stretching while watching TV, or getting an extra hour of sleep—but targeted toward a larger goal.
Frequently Asked Questions
This popular feature highlights the questions about fitness and wellness that seem to be on everyone’s mind. It addresses myths and offers practical approaches to fitness and wellness.
Lab Activities
Conveniently located at the end of each chapter, these labs help students apply their learning to their everyday life. (Interactive versions of these labs are included in Connect for A Wellness Way of Life.)
YOUR COURSE, YOUR WAY
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• Select and arrange content to fit your course scope and sequence
• Upload your own course materials
• Select the best format for your students—print or eBook
• Select and personalize your cover
• Edit and update your materials as often as you’d like
Experience how McGraw-Hill Education’s Create empowers you to teach your students your way: http://www.mcgrawhillcreate.com.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are thankful to the instructors who reviewed the previous edition of A Wellness Way of Life and offered helpful suggestions for improvement. Their knowledge and insights are reflected throughout the pages of this book.
Kelly J. Adam Big Sandy Community & Technical College
Bruce Billingsley St. Ambrose University
Claire Blakeley
Brigham Young University–Idaho
Jennifer DelSanto
Central Connecticut State University
Judy M. Donahue Ball State University
Debra J. Felice
Jefferson Community College
Melanie Healy
McGraw-Hill Campus® is a groundbreaking service that puts world-class digital learning resources just a click away for all faculty and students. All faculty—whether or not they use a McGraw-Hill title—can instantly browse, search, and access the entire library of McGraw-Hill instructional resources and services, including eBooks, test banks, PowerPoint slides, animations and learning objects—from any Learning Management System (LMS), at no additional cost to an institution. Users also have single sign-on access to McGraw-Hill digital platforms, including Connect, Create, and Tegrity, a fully automated lecture capture solution.
INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES
Instructor resources, which can be accessed through the Library Tab in Connect, include a Test Bank and PowerPoint presentations for each chapter. The PowerPoint presentations include alt descriptions for images as needed for students who are visually impaired.
University of Wisconsin–La Crosse
Matthew R. Martin
Central Connecticut State University
Jessica K. Meany
Worcester State University
Jacquelyn Yvonne Thomas
Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus
Kendra Zenisek Ball State University
A very generous thank you goes to the dedicated Ball State University Physical Fitness and Wellness faculty for their vigorous commitment to quality teaching.
We dedicate this eleventh edition to the students past, present, and future. We wish you a lifetime of wellness.
Gwen Robbins
Debbie Powers
Sharon Burgess
HEALTHY LIFE EXPECTANCY AND THE COSTS
Life expectancy in the United States is 78.8 years (76.4 for men and 81.1 for women). Life expectancy is not the same as healthy life expectancy. Healthy life expectancy is the number of years a person is expected to live in good health. This number is obtained by subtracting years spent in poor health from overall life expectancy. The World Health Organization (WHO) calculates healthy life expectancy in 194 countries. The United States ranks twenty-ninth in the world using this measurement, with an average of 70 years of healthy life expectancy. Singapore ranks number one (76 years), and Japan is number two (75 years).
The ranking of the United States is surprisingly low in light of its status as a country with one of the best medical care systems in the world. The WHO report indicates that Americans die earlier and spend more time disabled than do people in most other advanced countries. Several factors are cited in the WHO report to explain why the United States ranks relatively low among wealthy nations:
1. Some groups, such as American Indians, rural African Americans, and the inner-city poor, have extremely poor health that is more characteristic of a poor developing country than of a rich industrialized one.
2. The HIV epidemic causes a higher proportion of death and disability in the United States than in other developed countries.
3. The United States is one of the leading countries for cancers because of the high incidence of tobacco use.
4. The United States has a high incidence of coronary heart disease.
5. The United States has a fairly high level of violence, especially homicides, compared with other industrialized countries.
In contrast, the United States spends more than twice as much for health care than any other nation. Yet we are among the sickest in the world! As chronic diseases rob more Americans of their lives or their quality of life, they also wreaking havoc on our nation’s economy. National health care expenditures in the United States are $3 trillion ($9,255 per person) and are rising every year. Seventy-five percent of this spending is for patients with chronic diseases. Despite public health promotion, smoking alone costs our society billions annually in health care costs and lost productivity (and causes more than 480,000 premature deaths). Cardiovascular diseases cost more than $440 billion annually, and the financial burden of obesity rivals that of smoking. Excessive drinking costs the United States $223.5 billion in lost workplace productivity, health care expenses, law enforcement, and motor vehicle crash costs. In fact, for the first time in history, experts predict a decline in life expectancy in the United States in the twentyfirst century due to the rising prevalence of obesity. During the past several years, expenditures for prescription drugs have grown at a faster rate than has any other type of health cost. Unfortunately, not enough of the health care expenditures go toward prevention. America is terrific at expensive, heroic care but very poor at low-cost preventive care! Health advocate Dr. Andrew Weil concurs that a radical transformation from disease intervention to disease prevention is the only way to make health care cost effective.
This burden will continue to grow as the population ages. According to government statistics, as much as two-thirds of disability and death up to age 65 would be preventable in whole or in part if we applied what we know about the effects of lifestyle on premature illness and death. You may be thinking “but we all have to die sometime!” Of course that is true.
Cardiovascular diseases, the number-one killer of both men and women, are considered “lifestyle” diseases.
Ryan McVay/Getty Images
ISSUES
Health Disparities Among Americans
Although the diversity of the American population may be one of our nation’s greatest assets, diversity also presents a range of health improvement challenges. Causes for these disparities could be variances in education and income levels, accessibility to health care, health insurance coverage, living environments, cultural preferences and influences, and discrimination. African Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and Pacific Islanders are more likely than whites to have poor health and to die prematurely, as the following examples illustrate:
• Breast and cervical cancers. Although death rates from breast cancer are declining steadily, they remain higher among African American women than among white women. The incidence of cervical cancer is higher in Hispanic and
African American women than in white women.
• Cardiovascular disease. African Americans have the highest death rates from heart disease and stroke compared to all other racial and ethnic populations.
• Diabetes. American Indians, African Americans, and Hispanics have nearly twice the prevalence of diabetes compared to whites.
• Obesity. The prevalence of obesity among adults is highest among African American and Hispanic women. The states with the highest rates of obesity in the nation are also the poorest.
• Life expectancy. The life expectancy for African Americans is approximately 5 years less than for whites, Hispanics, or American Indians.
Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Disparities and Inequalities Report, 2013; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Health, United States, 2013.
Understanding Risks
Often in this book we talk about risks. In an effort to prevent disease and promote health, it is important to identify the factors that cause disease and injury. From this process, probabilities are determined as to the chances for occurrence.
TOP 10
Lifestyle Practices That Enhance Wellness
1. Exercise aerobically at least four to five times per week.
2. Eliminate all tobacco products.
3. Limit animal fats, cholesterol, trans fats, and saturated fats in the diet.
4. Eat five to nine daily servings of fruits and vegetables and include other high-fiber foods and whole grains every day in the diet.
5. Assess personal stressors and practice stress management techniques, including maintaining a strong social support system.
6. Limit the consumption of alcohol to no more than one drink (women) or two drinks (men) per day.
7. Pursue and maintain a healthy weight.
8. Fasten seat belts and wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or motorcycle.
9. Practice safer sex habits.
10. Balance work, social, and personal time, including getting 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night.
Like placing a bet at a racetrack, identifying risks is a way of quoting the odds. No one can promise you that doing something or refraining from doing it will keep you safe or that doing one thing will kill you. You must draw your own conclusions from the evidence. There is no such thing as absolute safety, and so you can choose only to widen or to narrow your risk margins with your habits.
One ongoing study has resulted in much of the information we have about the risk factors associated with several chronic diseases. The people of Framingham, Massachusetts, a community 18 miles west of Boston, have been studied and charted since 1950. The Framingham Study, as it has become known, has resulted in information about how heredity, environment, medical care, and lifestyle factors affect heart disease and well-being. A comprehensive longitudinal study such as this, in contrast to a short-term, isolated study involving only a few people, results in reputable data pertaining to risks. So, although the risk of most chronic diseases can’t be totally eliminated, it can be significantly reduced using information from studies such as this. We hope you are thinking beyond mere “risk avoidance” to a life full of enrichment, self-fulfillment, and satisfaction. This dramatic shift in emphasis toward self-responsibility and an expanded quality of life has evolved into a concept called wellness.
HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS
In 1948 the World Health Organization defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” In the late 1950s Dr. Halbert Dunn began writing about the upper
Discovering Diverse Content Through Random Scribd Documents
lady Cecilia Metella herself, or to that of Crassus, her bereaved and desolate lord.
She did not come among us on the occasion of this banquet, possibly because we had no tables there to turn in preparation for her presence; but, had she done so, she could not have been more eloquent of things of the other world than was Mrs. Talboys. I have said that Mrs. Talboys’ eye never glanced more brightly after a glass of champagne, but I am inclined to think that on this occasion it may have done so. O’Brien enacted Ganymede, and was, perhaps, more liberal than other latter-day Ganymedes, to whose services Mrs. Talboys had been accustomed. Let it not, however, be suspected by any one that she exceeded the limits of a discreet joyousness. By no means! The generous wine penetrated, perhaps, to some inner cells of her heart, and brought forth thoughts in sparkling words, which otherwise might have remained concealed; but there was nothing in what she thought or spoke calculated to give umbrage either to an anchorite or to a vestal. A word or two she said or sung about the flowing bowl, and once she called for Falernian; but beyond this her converse was chiefly of the rights of man and the weakness of women; of the iron ages that were past, and of the golden time that was to come.
She called a toast and drank to the hopes of the latter historians of the nineteenth century. Then it was that she bade O’Brien “Fill high the bowl with Samian wine.” The Irishman took her at her word, and she raised the bumper, and waved it over her head before she put it to her lips. I am bound to declare that she did not spill a drop. “The true ‘Falernian grape,’ ” she said, as she deposited the empty beaker on the grass beneath her elbow. Viler champagne I do not think I ever swallowed; but it was the theory of the wine, not its palpable body present there, as it were, in the flesh, which inspired her. There was really something grand about her on that occasion, and her enthusiasm almost amounted to reality.
Mackinnon was amused, and encouraged her, as, I must confess, did I also. Mrs. Mackinnon made useless little signs to her husband, really fearing that the Falernian would do its good offices too thoroughly. My wife, getting me apart as I walked round the circle distributing viands, remarked that “the woman was a fool, and would disgrace herself.” But I observed that after the disposal of that bumper she worshipped the rosy god in theory only, and therefore saw no occasion to interfere. “Come, Bacchus,” she said; “and come, Silenus, if thou wilt; I know that ye are
And Mrs. Talboys now had a tale to tell,—if she chose to tell it. The ladies of our party declared afterwards that she would have acted more wisely had she kept to herself both O’Brien’s words to her and her answer. “She was well able to take care of herself,” Mrs. Mackinnon said; “and, after all, the silly man had taken an answer when he got it.” Not, however, that O’Brien had taken his answer quite immediately, as far as I could understand from what we heard of the matter afterwards.
At the present moment Mrs. Talboys came up the rising ground all alone, and at a quick pace. “The man has insulted me,” she said aloud, as well as her panting breath would allow her, and as soon as she was near enough to Mrs. Mackinnon to speak to her.
“I am sorry for that,” said Mrs. Mackinnon. “I suppose he has taken a little too much wine.”
“No; it was a premeditated insult. The base-hearted churl has failed to understand the meaning of true, honest sympathy.”
“He will forget all about it when he is sober,” said Mackinnon, meaning to comfort her.
“What care I what he remembers or what he forgets!” she said, turning upon poor Mackinnon indignantly. “You men grovel so in your ideas——” “And yet,” as Mackinnon said afterwards, “she had been telling me that I was a fool for the last three weeks.”—“You men grovel so in your ideas, that you cannot understand the feelings of a true-hearted woman. What can his forgetfulness or his remembrance be to me? Must not I remember this insult? Is it possible that I should forget it?”
Mr. and Mrs. Mackinnon only had gone forward to meet her; but, nevertheless, she spoke so loud that all heard her who were still clustered round the spot on which we had dined.
“What has become of Mr. O’Brien?” a lady whispered to me.
I had a field-glass with me, and, looking round, I saw his hat as he was walking inside the walls of the circus in the direction towards the city. “And very foolish he must feel,” said the lady.
“No doubt he is used to it,” said another.
“But considering her age, you know,” said the first, who might have been perhaps three years younger than Mrs. Talboys, and who was not herself averse to the excitement of a moderate flirtation. But then why
“I think I heard my servant tell you that I was not at home,” said he.
“Yes, he did,” said Mackinnon, “and would have sworn to it too if we would have let him. Come, don’t pretend to be surly.”
“I am very busy, Mr. Mackinnon.”
“Completing your head of Mrs. Talboys, I suppose, before you start for Naples.”
“You don’t mean to say that she has told you all about it,” and he turned away from his work, and looked up into our faces with a comical expression, half of fun and half of despair.
“Every word of it,” said I. “When you want a lady to travel with you, never ask her to get up so early in winter.”
“But, O’Brien, how could you be such an ass?” said Mackinnon. “As it has turned out, there is no very great harm done. You have insulted a respectable middle-aged woman, the mother of a family, and the wife of a general officer, and there is an end of it;—unless, indeed, the general officer should come out from England to call you to account.”
“He is welcome,” said O’Brien, haughtily.
“No doubt, my dear fellow,” said Mackinnon; “that would be a dignified and pleasant ending to the affair. But what I want to know is this;—what would you have done if she had agreed to go?”
“He never calculated on the possibility of such a contingency,” said I.
“By heavens, then, I thought she would like it,” said he.
“And to oblige her you were content to sacrifice yourself,” said Mackinnon.
“Well, that was just it. What the deuce is a fellow to do when a woman goes on in that way. She told me down there, upon the old race course you know, that matrimonial bonds were made for fools and slaves. What was I to suppose that she meant by that? But to make all sure, I asked her what sort of a fellow the General was. ‘Dear old man,’ she said, clasping her hands together. ‘He might, you know, have been my father.’ ‘I wish he were,’ said I, ‘because then you’d be free.’ ‘I am free,’ said she, stamping on the ground, and looking up at me as much as to say that she cared for no one. ‘Then,’ said I, ‘accept all that is left of the heart of Wenceslaus O’Brien,’ and I threw myself before her in her path. ‘Hand,’ said I, ‘I have none to give, but the blood which runs red through my veins is descended
from a double line of kings.’ I said that because she is always fond of riding a high horse. I had gotten close under the wall, so that none of you should see me from the tower.”
“And what answer did she make?” said Mackinnon.
“Why she was pleased as Punch;—gave me both her hands, and declared that we would be friends for ever. It is my belief, Mackinnon, that that woman never heard anything of the kind before. The General, no doubt, did it by letter.”
“And how was it that she changed her mind?”
“Why; I got up, put my arm round her waist, and told her that we would be off to Naples. I’m blest if she didn’t give me a knock in the ribs that nearly sent me backwards. She took my breath away, so that I couldn’t speak to her.”
“And then——”
“Oh, there was nothing more. Of course I saw how it was. So she walked off one way and I the other. On the whole I consider that I am well out of it.”
“And so do I,” said Mackinnon, very gravely. “But if you will allow me to give you my advice, I would suggest that it would be well to avoid such mistakes in future.”
“Upon my word,” said O’Brien, excusing himself, “I don’t know what a man is to do under such circumstances. I give you my honour that I did it all to oblige her.”
We then decided that Mackinnon should convey to the injured lady the humble apology of her late admirer. It was settled that no detailed excuses should be made. It should be left to her to consider whether the deed which had been done might have been occasioned by wine, or by the folly of a moment,—or by her own indiscreet enthusiasm. No one but the two were present when the message was given, and therefore we were obliged to trust to Mackinnon’s accuracy for an account of it.
She stood on very high ground indeed, he said, at first refusing to hear anything that he had to say on the matter. “The foolish young man,” she declared, “was below her anger and below her contempt.”
“He is not the first Irishman that has been made indiscreet by beauty,” said Mackinnon.
“A truce to that,” she replied, waving her hand with an air of assumed majesty. “The incident, contemptible as it is, has been unpleasant to me. It will necessitate my withdrawal from Rome.”
“Oh, no, Mrs. Talboys; that will be making too much of him.”
“The greatest hero that lives,” she answered, “may have his house made uninhabitable by a very small insect.” Mackinnon swore that those were her own words. Consequently a sobriquet was attached to O’Brien of which he by no means approved. And from that day we always called Mrs. Talboys “the hero.”
Mackinnon prevailed at last with her, and she did not leave Rome. She was even induced to send a message to O’Brien, conveying her forgiveness. They shook hands together with great éclat in Mrs. Mackinnon’s drawingroom; but I do not suppose that she ever again offered to him sympathy on the score of his matrimonial troubles.
THE PARSON’S DAUGHTER OF OXNEY COLNE.
T prettiest scenery in all England—and if I am contradicted in that assertion, I will say in all Europe—is in Devonshire, on the southern and south-eastern skirts of Dartmoor, where the rivers Dart, and Avon, and Teign form themselves, and where the broken moor is half cultivated, and the wild-looking upland fields are half moor. In making this assertion I am often met with much doubt, but it is by persons who do not really know the locality. Men and women talk to me on the matter, who have travelled down the line of railway from Exeter to Plymouth, who have spent a fortnight at Torquay, and perhaps made an excursion from Tavistock to the convict prison on Dartmoor. But who knows the glories of Chagford? Who has walked through the parish of Manaton? Who is conversant with Lustleigh Cleeves and Withycombe in the moor? Who has explored Holne Chase? Gentle reader, believe me that you will be rash in contradicting me, unless you have done these things.
There or thereabouts—I will not say by the waters of which little river it is washed—is the parish of Oxney Colne. And for those who wish to see all the beauties of this lovely country, a sojourn in Oxney Colne would be most desirable, seeing that the sojourner would then be brought nearer to all that he would wish to visit, than, at any other spot in the country. But there is an objection to any such arrangement. There are only two decent houses in the whole parish, and these are—or were when I knew the locality—small and fully occupied by their possessors. The larger and better is the parsonage, in which lived the parson and his daughter; and the smaller is a freehold residence of a certain Miss Le Smyrger, who owned a farm of a hundred acres, which was rented by one Farmer Cloysey, and who also possessed some thirty acres round her own house, which she managed herself, regarding herself to be quite as great in cream, as Mr. Cloysey, and altogether superior to him in the article of cyder. “But yeu has to pay no rent, Miss,” Farmer Cloysey would say, when Miss Le Smyrger expressed this opinion of her art in a manner too defiant. “Yeu pays no rent, or yeu couldn’t do it.” Miss Le Smyrger was an old maid, with a pedigree and blood of her own, a hundred and thirty acres of fee-simple land on the
borders of Dartmoor, fifty years of age, a constitution of iron, and an opinion of her own on every subject under the sun.
And now for the parson and his daughter. The parson’s name was Woolsworthy—or Woolathy, as it was pronounced by all those who lived around him—the Rev. Saul Woolsworthy; and his daughter was Patience Woolsworthy, or Miss Patty, as she was known to the Devonshire world of those parts. That name of Patience had not been well chosen for her, for she was a hot-tempered damsel, warm in her convictions, and inclined to express them freely. She had but two closely intimate friends in the world, and by both of them this freedom of expression had now been fully permitted to her since she was a child. Miss Le Smyrger and her father were well accustomed to her ways, and on the whole well satisfied with them. The former was equally free and equally warm-tempered as herself, and as Mr. Woolsworthy was allowed by his daughter to be quite paramount on his own subject—for he had a subject—he did not object to his daughter being paramount on all others. A pretty girl was Patience Woolsworthy at the time of which I am writing, and one who possessed much that was worthy of remark and admiration, had she lived where beauty meets with admiration, or where force of character is remarked. But at Oxney Colne, on the borders of Dartmoor, there were few to appreciate her, and it seemed as though she herself had but little idea of carrying her talent further afield, so that it might not remain for ever wrapped in a blanket.
She was a pretty girl, tall and slender, with dark eyes and black hair. Her eyes were perhaps too round for regular beauty, and her hair was perhaps too crisp; her mouth was large and expressive; her nose was finely formed, though a critic in female form might have declared it to be somewhat broad. But her countenance altogether was wonderfully attractive—if only it might be seen without that resolution for dominion which occasionally marred it, though sometimes it even added to her attractions.
It must be confessed on behalf of Patience Woolsworthy, that the circumstances of her life had peremptorily called upon her to exercise dominion. She had lost her mother when she was sixteen, and had had neither brother nor sister. She had no neighbours near her fit either from education or rank to interfere in the conduct of her life, excepting always Miss Le Smyrger. Miss Le Smyrger would have done anything for her, including the whole management of her morals and of the parsonage household, had Patience been content with such an arrangement. But much
as Patience had ever loved Miss Le Smyrger, she was not content with this, and therefore she had been called on to put forth a strong hand of her own. She had put forth this strong hand early, and hence had come the character which I am attempting to describe. But I must say on behalf of this girl, that it was not only over others that she thus exercised dominion. In acquiring that power she had also acquired the much greater power of exercising rule over herself.
But why should her father have been ignored in these family arrangements? Perhaps it may almost suffice to say, that of all living men her father was the man best conversant with the antiquities of the county in which he lived. He was the Jonathan Oldbuck of Devonshire, and especially of Dartmoor, without that decision of character which enabled Oldbuck to keep his womenkind in some kind of subjection, and probably enabled him also to see that his weekly bills did not pass their proper limits. Our Mr. Oldbuck, of Oxney Colne, was sadly deficient in these. A a parish pastor with but a small cure, he did his duty with sufficient energy, to keep him, at any rate, from reproach. He was kind and charitable to the poor, punctual in his services, forbearing with the farmers around him, mild with his brother clergymen, and indifferent to aught that bishop or archdeacon might think or say of him. I do not name this latter attribute as a virtue, but as a fact. But all these points were as nothing in the known character of Mr. Woolsworthy, of Oxney Colne. He was the antiquarian of Dartmoor. That was his line of life. It was in that capacity that he was known to the Devonshire world; it was as such that he journeyed about with his humble carpet-bag, staying away from his parsonage a night or two at a time; it was in that character that he received now and again stray visitors in the single spare bedroom— not friends asked to see him and his girl because of their friendship—but men who knew something as to this buried stone, or that old land-mark. In all these things his daughter let him have his own way, assisting and encouraging him. That was his line of life, and therefore she respected it. But in all other matters she chose to be paramount at the parsonage.
Mr. Woolsworthy was a little man, who always wore, except on Sundays, grey clothes—clothes of so light a grey that they would hardly have been regarded as clerical in a district less remote. He had now reached a goodly age, being full seventy years old; but still he was wiry and active, and showed but few symptoms of decay. His head was bald, and the few remaining locks that surrounded it were nearly white. But there was a look
