Vilbert Vivaldi Venus - Portfolio 2025

PORTFOLIO Architectural Design Works 2022-2024

VILBERT VIVALDI VENUS Email: vilbertvvenus2510@gmail.com Tel: (+86) 18862195770

CONTENTS

REDISCOVERING RURAL INTERSTITIALITY A Guesthouse Project form, typology, morphology, spatial experience

RECODING TRACES OF THE URBAN FABRIC A Theater Project function, urban tissues, typomorphological

FORM FOLLOWS PERFORMANCE A Neighborhood Center Project

massing, optimization, sustainability

PERFORMANCE-BASED BUILDING DESIGN FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION Research Project massing, BAPV, optimization

OTHER WORKS non-Studio-based Modules architectural works, sketching, painting

2

REDISCOVERING RURAL INTERSTITIALITY a Guesthouse for the Countryside MODULE DATE TUTOR SITE

: ARC205 - Design Building and Typology : Year 3, Semester 1 (09/2023 - 12/2023) : Dong Yiping (Yiping.Dong@xjtlu.edu.cn) : Wuzhong District, Suzhou, China (吴中区,苏州市)

China’s countryside has experienced rural decline with phenomenas like the ‘hollowing-out’ of villages resulting due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. In striving to tackle this issue, the construction of architectural projects, such as a mixed-use guesthouse, could serve as a model to enhance rural revitalization efforts. Through promoting rural tourism, the guesthouse aims to bolster the village’s economic and social conditions. Not only would the guesthouse offer refreshing experiences including fruit-picking and agricultural workshops, but it also serves as a gathering space for nearby communities. Thus, the project is able to foster sustainable development while preserving the village’s agrarian heritage.

Nodes (courtyard void) and Paths (street linkage) in Nanwang Village

Aerial View A northwest isometric bird’s eye view of the Guesthouse Project

My design intends on highlighting the prevalent architectural typology and unique spatial characteristics found in this countryside village, both of which are qualities that make up the village’s identity.

3

Site Analysis: Existing Conditions

e r

Suzhou Old City

Taihu Lake

e

Dongshan Penninsula

Geographical Location of Site

Site Plan (1:200 Scale)

Located in the Dongshan Penninsula which borders Taihu Lake, the site is situated within Nanwang Village. Besides freshwaterfishing, one primary industry that sustains the village’s economy is agriculture, which includes crop farming and tea cultivation.

0 2 4 6

8

20

The project site, recognizable by the residual traces of agricultural ploughing, is a farmland having various vegetables. In line with the goal of promoting agritourism in the area through the guesthouse, the existing agricultural traces will serve as primary regulating lines for the units.

Site Analysis: Spatial Qualities Upon entering the village from Huanshan Road, visitors are overwhelmed with a vast and open scenery filled with greenery. Moving inwards, the duality between openness and narrowness is perpetuated by the interconnected alleys and residential courtyards, both of which are connected. Finally, lying in between crevices of buildings is where interstitial spaces caused by vernacular construction can be found. All these combined create a transitional spatial experience, sensed through movement.

环

Agriculture & Cultivation Industry

路

公

山

Local Street Vendors

Fishing & Aquaculture Industry

NARROW - ALLEY

Road

OPEN - COURTYARD

sh

an

Hu

ad Ro n a

Floor Plans (1:200 Scale) GF Plan (±0.000) 1. RECEPTION 2. OPEN GATHERING AREA 3. COMMUNITY DINING HALL 4. COMMUNITY KITCHEN 5. PUBLIC TOILETS 6. STORAGE ROOM 7. LAUNDRY ROOM 8. BIKE PARKING SPACE 9. OPEN-AIR MARKETPLACE 10. AGRITOURISM PLANTATION 11. INDOOR GYM 12. VOID DECK

0 1 2 3

6

10

-0.900 -0.900

5

±0.000

11

12 8

±0.000

7

-0.900

Existing Guesthouse

Mahjong Community Gathering 0

10

20

30

60

100

INTERSTITAL - GAPS

6

5 3 ±0.000

4

10

2

9 1

9

4

Site Analysis: Building Typology

1F Plan (+3.000)

To design a guesthouse suitable to the surrounding context, the composition of building typology in the village was studied. Unsurprisingly as the site is situated in China, the courtyard typology was found to be most prevalent, which was further classified into six variants according to the arrangement of mass and void. These typologies serves as a model for prototypes of the guesthouse units.

13. STAFF OFFICE 14. INDOOR LOUNGE 15. CAFE 16. PUBLIC ROOF CANOPY 17. PRODUCT DISPLAY ROOM 18. EXHIBITION SPACE 19. AGRICULTURE WORKSHOP 20. FLEXIBLE EVENT ROOM

0 1 2 3

6

10

+3.000

COURTYARD

20

L-SHAPED

16 -0.900 +3.900

T-SHAPED

14 15 +1.500

LINEAR

+3.000

+3.000

+1.500

DETACHED COURTYARD TYPOLOGY 14

L-TYPE

14 +3.000

+2.000

+4.000

17

U-TYPE

19

13 18 +3.000

MONO-LINEAR

+3.500

PARALLEL-LINEAR

2F Plan (+6.000)

CENTRAL 21. BIRDWATCHING PLATFORM 22. LECTURE ROOM 23. PUBLIC ROOF CANOPY

SCATTERED

L-TYPE 1

L-TYPE 2

U-TYPE

I-TYPE 1

I-TYPE 2

0 1 2 3

6

10

I-TYPE 3

Nanwang Village Building Typologies +6.000

23

Guesthouse Unit Prototypes

23

Process Models (1:500 Scale) The final design synthesizes new variations of the courtyard typology together with circulation flow that reflect existing traces and spatial characteristics authentic to Nanwang Village. The layout of units and configurations of interlaced communtiy spaces were explored through a series of massing study models. Moving throughout the guesthouse, visitors may experience a sense of compression and expansion, reflecting the spatial experience of the villagers.

21 +6.000

+4.500

22 +3.000

+3.500

+4.500

+5.000

5

Collection of eye-level views capturing various angles throughout the guesthouse

A

Collection of final model shots capturing various angles throughout the Guesthouse

Architecture Visusalization

A

Final Model (1:200 Scale)

Perspective Section (1:100 Scale) Section depicting the human activities and usage of the guesthouse units 6

RECODING TRACES OF THE URBAN FABRIC a Theater for Stratified Shanghai MODULE DATE TUTOR SITE

: ARC204 - Small Urban Buildings : Year 3, Semester 2 (02/2024 - 05/2024) : Mona Azadian (Mona.Azadian@xjtlu.edu.cn) : Huangpu District, Shanghai, China (黄浦区, 上海市)

Shanghai is an economic hub which has been pivotal to China’s growth.

It underwent significant transformation due to the foreign concessions, which profoundly shaped the city’s urban fabric. The city’s role as a cosmopolitan center extended beyond trade to culture, especially in the realms of theater and entertainment. Shanghai became a major hub for Chinese cinema and performing arts, with many of its iconic theaters playing crucial roles in shaping its cultural identity. These theaters were not only venues for entertainment but also spaces that reflected the trends of the time.

Suzh

ou C

N

reek

The Bund 500

W

People’s Square

E

Nanjing Road

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an

S

Old

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y

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uR

ive

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500

1000

1500

Streets and Landmarks of Urban Shanghai

Street-level View A southwest view of the Theater Project exterior

My design intends on reinterpreting the relationship between theaters, considered to be primary elements, and the overall urban fabric.

7

Site Analysis: Urban Artifacts

Site Plan (1:200 Scale)

This urban area of Shanghai can be characterized by several building typologies which create such as terrace blocks, perimeter blocks, and low-rise or high-rise 1.

INSERT THEATER VOLUME 2. ELEVATE THEATER TO pavilionSITE blocks. Terrace blocks, ON ALLOW FOR PUBLIC FUNCmostly residential, are most TIONS & OPEN SPACE frequently located on the internal parts of an urban block and are surrounded by perimeter blocks As its name implies, perimeter blocks, mostly mixed-use, can Theaters High-rise Urban Block Project Site Perimeter Urban Block be easily distinguished as their Malls Pavillion Urban Block Primary & Secondary Roads Terrace Urban Block front facades are street-facing.

Primary Elements (mall & theater) and Urban Tissues (typology per urbanblock) While, the perimeter block itself is a highly responsive typology that is a byproduct of the highly commercialized nature of this area, theaters have contributed to the emergence of perimeter blocks as they promote social and cultural exchanges.

SITE TRAFFIC & ACCESSIBILITY

1:2000

3. POPULATE WITH PUBLIC AMMENITIES AND BACK-OF-HOUSE FUNCTIONS

1:2000

SITE LAND-USE

COMMERCIAL - GOODS COMMERCIAL - F&B RESIDENTIAL

AUTOMOBILE ACCESS

OFFICE

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

EDUCATIONAL

CROSSWALK

GUESTHOUSE

BUS STATION

PUBLIC FACILITY

4. ADJUST VOLUMES 5. INTEGRATE CONCEPT INTO Traffic & Accessibility Land Use ACCORDING MASSING BY CREATING OPENConcept: Mass & VoidTO PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS & SITE EDGES INGS The interplay between internal mass and void is intended to serve as a reflection of the urban

6. WRAP ELEVATED THEATER VOLUME WITH CIRCULATION, EMPHASIZING MOVEMENT

characteristics of Shanghai. Primarily, it highlights the perimeter block typology that is highly prevalent in urban tissues around the site. As such, the urban roads and streets which are catalysts of this urban characteristic are represented as the void of the conceptual massing. Programs that serve the theater are generated around this void that diagonally penetrates the massing.

DIAGONAL VOID VS GRID

The external massing wrapped around the theater

VOID THE CONCEPvolume,AND which isMASS dynamicOF in comparison to the rigid TUAL MASSING AS REFLECTION OF internal massing composition, emphasizes movement MASSING DEVELOPMENT 0 2 4 6 8 20 for all users regardless of status and background SHANGHAI’S URBAN FABRIC Sectional Concept Diagram Massing Development

(visitors or staff), a gesture to the transformation in the role and use of theaters.

1. INSERT THEATER VOLUME ON SITE

2. ELEVATE THEATER TO ALLOW FOR PUBLIC FUNCTIONS & OPEN SPACE

3. POPULATE WITH PUBLIC Theater AMMENITIES AND Public Services BACK-OF-HOUSE FUNCTIONS

Back-of-House

MASSING DEVELOPMENT

1.

INSERT THEATER 1. Insert TheaterVOLUME Volume ON SITE

on Site

THEATER PUBLIC AMMENITIES BACK OF HOUSE

Process Models (1:500 Scale)

ELEVATE Theater THEATER TO 5. Instill INTEGRATE CONCEPT INTO WRAP elevated ELEVATED THEATER 2.2.Elevate to allow 3.3.POPULATE PopulateWITH withPUBLIC Public 4.4.ADJUST AdjustVOLUMES Volumes per 5. the Concept into 6.6.Wrap Theater ALLOW FOR PUBLIC FUNCAMMENITIES AND ACCORDING TO PROGRAM MASSING BY CREATING OPEN- VOLUME WITH CIRCULATION, for Public Functions & Services & Back-ofRequirements Massing by creating Volume with Volume for TIONS & OPEN SPACE BACK-OF-HOUSE FUNCTIONS Program REQUIREMENTS & SITE EDGES& the INGS EMPHASIZING MOVEMENT Open Space House Functions Site Edges Openings.

Horizontal Circulation

DIAGONAL VOID VS GRID VOID AND MASS OF THE CONCEPTUAL MASSING AS REFLECTION OF SHANGHAI’S URBAN FABRIC

THEATER PUBLIC AMMENITIES BACK OF HOUSE

8

Floor Plans (1:200 Scale)

0 1 2 3

GF Plan (±0.00)

1F Plan (+3.00)

6

Exploded Isometric

10

2F Plan (+6.00)

Auditorium Elements 10. Fire-Resistant Wall 9. Acoustic Ceiling Panels 8. Acoustic Wall Panels

Roof Elements 12. Skylight 11. Concrete Slab

12

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11

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10 8

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+3.000

+6.000 ±0.000

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9

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2

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1. LOBBY 2. CAFE 3. RETAIL SHOP 4. FLEXIBLE AUDITORIUM 5. TICKET ROOM 6. CLOAK ROOM 7. FLEXIBLE EXHIBITION SPACE 8. TOILET 0 1 2 3

3F Plan (±9.00)

6

13

11. DRESSING ROOM 12. ORCHESTRA PIT 13. SCENE STORAGE

9. SCENE WORKSHOP 10. REHEARSAL ROOM 10

0 1 2 3

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10

4F Plan (+12.00)

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5F Plan (+15.00)

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6 +9.000

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14

+12.000

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5 20

+11.600

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+15.000

2 1

14. FOYER 15. AUDIENCE LOUNGE 16. AUDITORIUM LVL 1 (359 Seats) 0 1 2 3

17. VIP BOX (72 Seats) 18. A/V ROOM 19. STAFF OFFICE 6

10

0 1 2 3

21

20. AUDITORIUM LVL 2 (78 Seats) 21. FLYTOWER 22. MEP ROOM 6

10

0 1 2 3

6

Structural Elements 4. Streel Truss 3. Cross-Bracing 2. Steel Frame Structure 1. Isolated Footing

Wall Elements 7. Glass Panels 9. Concrete Wall 8. Brick Wall

10

9

Aerial View

A southwest isometric bird’s eye view of the Theater

Final Model (1:200 Scale)

Photos of dematerialized final model

Perspective Section A rendered longitudinal section across the main theater hall 10

FORM FOLLOWS PERFORMANCE a Sustainable Recycling Neighborhood Center MODULE DATE TUTOR SITE

: ARC305 - Small and Medium Scale Buildings : Year 4, Semester 1 (09/2024 - 12/2024) : Jue Qiu (Jue.Qiu@xjtlu.edu.cn) : Gusu District, Suzhou, China (姑苏区,苏州市)

As technology has allowed for a more-than-ever convenient access to food through app deliveries in the present day, waste production has increased at an alarming rate. In addition, a lack of involvement from communities in the typical waste process has led to a decrease in the awareness on the importance of waste management. Thus, these issues call for a neighbourhood center which not only caters to the needs of communities, but also contributes to waste management in the area. By adopting a hybrid model of a neighborhood center which integrates basic communal facilities and a food center with recycling functions, the project not only contributes to waste management, but also encourages community participation in the national and global effort of striving for sustainability.

Design Information/ Strategy Feedback

Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology A1 Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology A2 Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology A3

Designer

Optimization for Form Finding Typology A1

Final Design Solution

Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology S1 Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology S2

Design Tweaks

Process Diagram for Optimization-based Design Exploration

Human eye-level View A southwest view of the Neighborhood Center Project exterior

To add on, this project takes on a unique approach involving optimization-based design exploration in order to be fully apply a sustainable approach in all aspects of the design process.

11

Site Analysis: Communities & Building Typologies

500 M

Located in Gusu District of Suzhou City, the site is situated along the city moat which is the border that divides between the developed new and preserved old city.

The optimization-based approach taken on for this project involves a multitude of parameters which need to be carefully defined. To appropriately respond to the context, the parameters were set according to the results of the site analysis. For instance, analysis on the existing communities to be served revealed that the communities south of the moat had undergone demolition, leaving only the communities north of the moat within proximity of the neighbourhood center. Therefore, the design generation for optimization takes place only on the land part of the site, north of the moat.

FUNCTIONS RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL OFFICE EDUCATION HOTEL HEALTHCARE LEISURE

Land Use Analysis +16.500

Design Process of Optimization-based Design Exploration (Wang et al, 2024)

Design Information/ Strategy Feedback

B H

G A

RESIDENTIAL BLOCKS WITHIN 500 M OF SITE

Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology A2 Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology A3

DEMAND FOR OPEN SPACE; GRID SPATIAL LAYOUT

Surrounding Communities Analysis

ROOF TYPOLOGY & COLOR

Optimization for Form Finding Typology A1

Designer

Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology S1

0

2

6

12

18

24

Design Tweaks FLAT GABLE HIP & GABLE HIP PYRAMIDAL OCTAGONAL

30

Site Plan (1:500 Scale)

Building & Roof Typology Analysis

Design Optimization Workflow in Rhino-Grasshopper Massing Typologies Typology A1: ADDITIVE TYPOLOGY

Block

SUBTRACTIVE TYPOLOGY

EvoMass Functions

Typology S1: Closed Courtyard

Site Context Building Massing

Performance Metrics

Ladybug Simulations Direct Sunlight Hours Simulation

Ground Surface EvoMass Parameters

Weather Data

Typology S2: Open Courtyard

View Percent Simulation

Performance Metrics

Incident Solar Radiation Simulation Building Massing Design

Gross Floor Area Constraint

Penalty Score

Performance Score

Tower

1:3000

Final Design Solution

Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology S2

4

Typology A2:

The massing typologies are simulated in several environmental aspects and their performance in varying aspects are quantified as performance metrics. To compare and contrast the environmental performance of differing building massing, the performance metrics are unitized under an Overall Fitness metric. The optimization solver then sorts all the generated designs within each optimization process according to their ranking based on a massing design’s overall fitness.

C

Optimization-based Design Exploration Typology A1

Optimization-based Design Exploration

Design Optimization Workflow

D

F

Aside from that, the approach also requires defining parameters for design generation of the building massing. To fully situate the approach into the context, the parameters were derived according to an analysis on the building typologies around the site. This resulted in the First Round of Optimization involving five different building typologies, which were translated from its physical configuration into massing defined by a set of parameters.

The approach for this project involves performancebased design exploration, mainly for the early stages of the design process. This method largely involves computational optimizations and simulations of architectural forms to optimize the building performance for various performance criteria relating to environmental factors. The optimization serves as a design exploration into variations of building massing in order to identify and extract massing strategies that are prevalent in the optimal generated design solutions.

D

+18.100

Performance: Overall Fitness

Performance: Radiation Difference

Performance: Envelope Sunlight Hours

Performance:

Performance: Summer Radiation

Performance: Context Sunlight Hours

Performance: Winter Radiation

Performance: Ground SunlightHours

%

Area Control

Performance:

Typology A3:

Visibility

Linear Optimization Algorithm

Overall Fitness

Fitness Evaluation Function

Flowchart of Design Optimization Workflow in Rihno-Grasshopper

12

Optimization for Information Extraction

Optimization for Form Finding

First Round of Optimization

Overall Fitness

View

Summer Radiation

Second Round of Optimization

Winter Radiation

High-Performing Design Solutions (Ranked #1 -20)

Envelope Sunlight Hrs Context Sunlight Hrs

Ground Sunlight Hrs

100.00% (98896.2)

42.6%

73.6%

41.4%

6.9 h

160.8 kWh/m2

168.2 kWh/m2

5.9 kWh/m2

Radiation Difference

100.00%

100.00%

43.2%

76.1%

41.4%

6.8 h

165.3 kWh/m2

169.8 kWh/m2

5.9 kWh/m2

%

Low-Performing Solutions

54.18%

45.55%

40.68%

56.84%

39.04%

39.42%

39.59%

52.01%

38.56%

37.33%

39.68%

49.00%

38.27%

37.02%

37.80%

48.59%

38.25%

36.64%

35.63%

WATERFRONT

OVERHANGING

EW ORIENTED

AGGREGATED

Identified Strategies

OVERHANGING

STAGGERED

WATERFRONT

EW STEPPED

East HIGHEST

NS STEPPED

North HIGHEST

%

Simulated Direct Sunlight Hours on Massing Envelope

NS ORIENTED

FRAGMENTED

Top-performing in Overall Fitness Top-performing in Context Sunlight Hrs.

0h 8h Simulated Sky Exposure (Daylighting) on massing Envelope

Top-performing in Ground Sunlight Hrs.

0%

Low-Performing Design Solutions

Matrix Diagram of Optimization Results

Top-performing in Radiation Difference

100% Final Design

Information Extraction

FRAGMENTED

Design Synthesis & Conceptual Development

Subtractive Parametric Model

Additive Parametric Model

Performamnce-based Design Optimization

Block Typology

13

Optimization Results: First Round

Optimization Results: Second Round

As an optimization for Information Extraction, the matrix diagram for the First Round of Optimization displays only the elite designs, which ranked highest, and the poor designs, which ranked lowest, in their respective performance metrics, and falls within a predefined GFA. These designs provide valuable insight into the massing strategies that could help in optimizing one certain aspect of building performance, whether it be maximizing (e.g. Envelope Sunlight Hrs - direct sunlight hours received by the envelope (similar for Context & Ground); View - exterior visibility of the building) or minimizing it (e.g. Summer Radiation - solar radiation received by the envelope during summer; Radiation Difference difference in solar radiation during summer and winter).

As the optimization included five different typologies, the identified massing features and strategies were rather diverse. However, the consistent massing features included an east-west orientation (more sun exposure), overhanging volumes (self-shading), and located waterfront (furthest from context buildings).

Although a few strategies were identified in the first round of optimization, the design space can still be further narrowed. Thus, the Second Round of Optimization, which is more focused on FormFinding by identifying more specific strategies and selecting design prototypes, is conducted. For this optimization, only the block typology was selected, as it had the most architectural potential for its designs to be further developed..

The second matrix diagram displays the top twenty high-performing design solutions from this optimization. It is clear that here strategies become more evident and apparent, all of which are integrated into the final massing design. Although the final massing design is a byproduct of the high-performing designs and its massing strategies, after having to take into account the functional and aesthetic design intention, the final design does not perform equally well on the performance metrics as the elite designs.

MA 24:9

Performance Evaluation of Final Massing Design

Performance Metric

Result

Envelope Sunlight Hours

56.2%

Context Sunlight Hours

41.3%

Ground Sunlight Hours

6.5 h

View

34.4%

Summer Radiation

159.7 kWh/m2

Winter Radiation

130.9 kWh/m2

Radiatio n Difference

28.9 kWh/m2

Process Models (1:500 Scale) Development of massing models based on extracted design strategies

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COMMUNITY PA RT I C I PAT I O N

4. Cooked Food in Food Center

3. Grow and Harvest Fresh Produce in Rooftop Garden

Food Waste Recycling System As the hybrid neighbourhood center has functions for both waste production and waste recycling, the hybrid neighbourhood center serves as an intervention in the typical waste recycling process, by promoting a closed-loop food waste recycling system within the building. In short, this cyclical process is achievable as waste generated from the food centers is processed using aneorobic digesters, which can yield fertilizer and grey water. These products can then be used in the rooftop garden where fresh produce can be grown and harvested by the communities. Otherwise, the fertilizer could also be redistrbuted to communities in return for their communal efforts including self-collection and sorting of waste.

Human eye-level View A southeast view of the Neighborhood Center facade 14

Sustainable Strategies MASSING DESIGN:

Informed by EvoMass, the final massing design adopts EW orientation, self-shading features, hybrid of massing configuration.

Floor Plans (1:200 Scale) SOLAR & GLARE CONTROL: Implementation of adaptive kinetic facade on south & east facade to control solar radiation penetrating communal programs.

5

4

3

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-2F Plan (-8.000)

1

GF Plan (±0.000)

-1F Plan (–3.500)

6 7 8 9 10 11

0

ENERGY GENERATION: Adoption of BAPV in the form of wall and roofmounted photovoltaics (PV).

-8.000

Section Detail 1:20 ROOF 1. Green Roof Medium and Sedum 2. 300mm Engineered Soil 3. Margin Balast 4. Continuous Sheet Metal Cleat 5. Sheet Metal Parapet 15

16

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7 12

-3.500

14

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2

6. Glass Balustrade 7. Glass Balustrade Support 8. Wall Flange 9. Steel Support Plate 10. Concrete Wall Connection Anchors 11. Flashing

10 11

12. Adaptive Facade Panels 13. Facade Modules Steel Frame 14. Steel Bracket 15. Operable Window 16. Insulating Glazing Unit with Solar Control Coating

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-1.800

1F Plan (+3.500)

+0.000

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-0.600

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-0.450

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-2.100

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+3.500

-0.500

18 -1.500

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-2.500

-2F 0. FOOD WASTE PROCESSING HUB GF 1. COVERED PUBLIC SPACE 2. INFORMAL EXHIBITION SPACE 3. STEPPED SEATING 4. RETAILSHOP 5. CLASSROOM 6. WORKSHOP

-3.500

11 26 25

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INCENTIVE SYSTEM: Encourage waste collection & sorting with Reverse Vending Machines

EXTENDING GREENERY: Promote green farming in rooftop garden

24

24

+8.000

23

23

23

3F Plan (+12.500)

1F 18. COMMUNITY LIBRARY 19. ELDERLY CARE CENTER 20. 1F FOOD HALL 21. TRAY RETURN AREA 22. TERRACED OUTDOOR DINING

FOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT: A closed-loop food waste management system based around food center.

27

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-1F 7. MULTIPURPOSE HALL 8. YARD 9. COMMUNITY LIFT LOBBY 10. RECEPTION 11. TOILETS 12. SUPERMARKET 13. . REVERSE VENDING MACHINES 14. WASTE COLLECTION AREA 15. LOGISTICS LIFT LOBBY 16. STORAGE 17. LOADING AREA

2F 23. ACTIVITY ROOM 24. MEETING ROOM 25. OFFICE 26. CLINIC 27. 2F FOOD HALL

2F Plan (+8.000)

-2.500

21 29

30

+0.500 +12.500

3F 28. COMMUNITY FARMING TERRACE 29. 3F FOOD HALL 30. 3F PV ARRAY 0 1 2 3

6

28 -2.000

-1.000

10

15

PERFORMANCE-BASED BUILDING DESIGN FOR SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTION a Workflow for Rooftop PV-integrated Building Design Generation and Optimization PROJECT

DATE SUPERVISOR

: Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship CAADRIA 2025 Paper : Year 3 (06/2024 - 09/2024) : Wang Likai (Likai.Wang@xjtlu.edu.cn)

The application of rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) panels to building design plays a critical role in achieving net-zero and sustainable buildings. This study presents a performance-based design optimization workflow leveraging a hybrid design generation approach which incorporates building massing forms and rooftop PV panels to achieve an integrated and adaptive generation of PV-attached building designs. The findings of this study highlight the potential integration of PV panels into the early-stage building design process and its role as a driving factor for performance-based architectural formfinding processes.

PV Parameters input Massing Parameters input

Massing Generative Additive Model

Building Massing Design

Integrated Rooftop-PV Generate Building Generative PV Rooftop-PV Algorithm Design

Incident Solar Irradiation Simulation

Fitness Evaluation Function

Solar Radiation Simulation

Performance Score

Optimization Algortihm (SSIEA)

Daylighting Simulation

Building Massing and PV-Integrated Design Generation & Optimization workflow

This project is an accepted paper for the Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) 2025 Conference (to be held on 26-29 March 2025) 16

Method: Design Generation Optimization Workflow

INPUT

The proposed design optimization workflow involves an integrated generation method incorporating building massing design and PV array configurations which is implemented on the Rhino–Grasshopper platform. The optimization workflow is established using a Python-scriwpted algorithm for PV array generation and plugins, including EvoMass and Ladybug tools. As shown in the workflow flowchart, the workflow can be divided into four phases:

PROCESS 2.

Solar Radiation Simulation of Roof

3.

Site Context Beijing

Massing Generation

Optimization Procedure

Rooftop PV Generation

4.

Weather Data Ladybug

Roof Inset Distance

PV Spacing in XY-axis

6.

SSIEA Optimization

5.

Performance Metrics

(2) rooftop PV array generation, (3) performance evaluation using Ladybug tools,

1.

Optimal Model

Control Parameters EvoMass

(1) building massing design generation using EvoMass,

OUTPUT

Solar Radiation Simulation of PV

Number of Roof Incident Referenced Radiation Closest Points Threshold

kWh

Daylighting Simulation of Interior Spaces

kWh

Total Annual Average Annual Energy Generated Energy Generated

±x

(4) evolutionary optimization.

PV Dimension PV Azimuth in XY-axis Angle

PV Tilt Angle

PV Target Quantity

Control Parameters PV Generation

Case Study

Select all possible roof surfaces of building massing

Generate points on roof Connect generated Identify user-generated Generate PV surfaces points that meet the on points according to surfaces according to points with sensing preset threshold user-defined inputs user-defined inputs points from Simulation 1

To demonstrate its efficacy, a case study is presented using the Sino-Italian Ecological and Energy Efficient Building (SIEEB) located at Tsinghua University in Beijing as a benchmark reference.

Roof Inset Distance

1.0 m

Spacing in y-Axis

3.5 m

No. of Referenced Points

2

Design and Optimization Setup: PV Orientation

Roof Radiation Threshold

1,000 kWh/m²

PV Dimension in XY-Axis

2.0 m

In order to facilitate a more extensive exploration of PV-integrated building design, five distinct orientations of the PV array are adopted, aiming to reveal richer implications of different PV array configurations on both power production potential and compatibility with the building massing form. The selected orientations range from southeast to southwest, encompassing angles of +30º (southeast), +15º, ±0º, -15º, and -30º (southwest). Each of the orientation angles is used in an independent optimization process.

m2

no.

%

Gross Floor Area

Quantity of PV

Average Interior Sky Exposure

PV Generation Parameters

PV Azimuth Angle

0

PV Tilt Angle

30

PV Target Quantity (PV)

240

Benchmark Results SOUTHWEST-ORIENTED (–)

-30°

-15°

SOUTH-ORIENTED

±0°

Gross Floor Area

SOUTHEAST-ORIENTED (+)

+15°

+30°

Sino-Italian Ecological and Energy Efficient Building in context

14,700 m²

Average Sky 8.05 % Exposure (SE) Total Power 498,047.2 kWh Production (TPP) Average Power 2075.2 kWh Production (APP)

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Optimization Results: Building Performance The matrix diagram presents the results of the optimizations for all PV orientations, displaying only the elite design solutions with the highest fitness scores in each subpopulation produced by SSIEA. Design solutions that outperform the benchmark are highlighted in yellow. Additionally, the results are depicted in a scatterplot, providing a visual comparison between the optimized designs and the referenced case study building.

As shown in the matrix and scatterplot diagram, it is evident that designs facing south (0º orientation) perform the best. The scatterplots also highlights that south-oriented designs outperform other orientations. Deviating from the south orientation results in reduced power production, with the extent of reduction depending on the deviation’s magnitude and direction. However, none of the south-oriented PV designs (0º) exceeded the total annual power production of the SIEEB’s massing.

Total/Average Annual Power Production (y-axis)

OPTIMIZATION 3 OPTIMIZATION 2 OPTIMIZATION 1

At the same time, out of all seventy-five optimized design solutions, there are four designs with southwest-oriented PV (-15º) outperforming the benchmark, even though the margin of difference is relatively insignificant. Nevertheless, all designs with south (±0º) and southwest-oriented (-15º) PV arrays produced power within ±0.5% of the benchmark’s total power production. In contrast, designs with a southwest (-30º) orientation produced 1.0% less power. Therefore, it can be concluded that designs with PV array orientation of south at 0º and southwest oriented at -15º are more suitable for this design task. With more detailed design refinement, these orientations also have the potential to surpass the SIEEB’s total annual power production. While the optimization cannot provide solutions that can significantly outperform the referenced SIEEB with regard to solar energy production, it is still capable of producing solutions that can effectively address the conflict of demand between solar energy production and daylight accessibility. As shown in the scatterplots, most optimized solutions exceed the daylight accessibility benchmark set by SIEEB, underscoring the capability of the proposed workflow to create design solutions with improved daylight accessibility while maintaining or enhancing power production potential.

vs Sky Exposure (x-axis) by Orientation SIEEB

+30°

+15°

±0°

-15°

-30°

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Optimization Results: Building Form In addition to the quantitative analysis of the optimization results, the optimized designs provide valuable insights into site-specific design implications related to solar energy production potential. The matrix diagram, which illustrates the design solutions, shows that most of the optimized designs incorporate a combination of three building volumetric typologies: fragmented, superimposed, and stepped forms. Of which, the identified stepped form aligns closely with the design strategy used in the design of the SIEEB. It is worth noting that the descent tendency of stepped buildings is influenced by the orientation of the PV arrays. For example, stepped designs with southwest-oriented PV arrays tend to feature volumes stepping down in the southwest direction. In contrast, stepped designs with southeast-oriented PV arrays exhibit a gentler descent tendency.

This response to the surrounding context is likely due to the greater blockage of solar radiance from buildings eastward of the site, prompting designs to incorporate higher roof surfaces to minimize solar obstruction.

Conclusion The case study illustrates how the proposed design optimization workflow can incorporate rooftop PV array configuration into the building massing design optimization and exploration process. In addition to improving the design performance, the optimization also helps designers identify promising design solutions and strategies that can maximize the building’s solar energy generation potential without significantly compromising other design aspects, such as daylight accessibility. The case study also demonstrates how different orientations of the PV array can affect the building massing forms. While not all PV array orientations can guarantee high-performing solutions comparable to the referenced design, they still provide designers with additional alternative options for earlystage design exploration and decision-making. This provides designers with an expanded scope for integrating additional design considerations and intentions during the subsequent stages of design conceptualization and development.

Scale Diagram A scale determining the typological classification of an optimized design solution

FRAGMENTED As its name implies, solutions of this typology are a collection of fragmented volumes, which is the major distinction between this typology and the others. Although not always the case, fragmented designs tend to have a decreased potential for rooftop PV as a result of reduced rooftop area, which is evidenced by the drop in number of fragmented solutions from Optimization 2 and 3.

Number of Typology Identified per Optimization

OPTIMIZATION 1

OPTIMIZATION 2

OPTIMIZATION 3

evaluated on APP & SE

evaluated on TPP & SE

evaluated on TPP

SUPERIMPOSED

STEPPED

Solutions that simply and distinctively have a large flat roof fall under this typology. Typically, this typology is easily identified as building massings with a single, continuous, flat roof. The superimposed typology emphasizes that the building massing is arranged in a way that one roof can be distinctively identified as the main roof due to its larger size relative to other roof surfaces of the massing, such that a vast majority of all its rooftop PV are located on the main roof.

Solutions of this typology consist of aggregating volumes that create a stepping effect in the overall massing. Similar to the superimposed typology, solutions of stepped typology are typically one unified massing. A stepped design should have three or more roof surfaces with PV panels; but more importantly, these surfaces should be positioned on varying elevation levels arranged in sequential manner, such that steps are apparent on the roof.

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OTHER WORKS Non-studio ARC Modules, Art & Design Works

ARC301 Module - Architcetural Technology (Year 4, Sem 1) -- Adaptive Kinetic Facade Design ENVELOPE STRATEGY & PERFORMANCE FACADE MODULES AT DIFFERENT STAGES Geometrical Analysis Parametric Model Method Facade Modules at Different Stages

ADAPTIVE Q

Aside from the f facade is also ab

To achieve this, that requires mo positioned within have a multiplie parametrically, t represents the between the tw of 0 indicates t openness/close two groups of m in openness.

North Elevation South Elevation

Graphite Pencil Sketches Mirror Axis represented as Purple Lines

1. Generate modular sub- 2. To maintain symmetry, component (V-shaped rotate the shifted line Line) & move along proportionately to the Control Axis. movement factor.

North South Elevation Elevation

Degree of Openness

Geometrical Representation with Lines

Movement Control Axis (Opening/Closing) represented as Yellow Line

3. Mirror the rotated modular line using the mirror axis

4. Polar array initial & mirrored modular lines

Design of Facade Module

0% 0%

25% 25%

50% 50% Degree of Openness

75% 75%

100% 100%

ADAPTIVE QUALITY TO ENVIRONMENT Adaptive Quality to Environment (Summer Solstice, 21/06) The facade adapts to the environment by responding to the sun position. At times when the sun is at a higher position, the facade would respond correspondingly by shutting down, resulting in less solar radiation entering the interior spaces..

FACADE CO

Due to the unco variations of fac efficient and effe discomfort glare floor surfaces w facade modules

Sketches of nature, landscape, people, and family from 2015 to 2020

Oil Paintings

Varying degree of Openness and Closeness of Hexagonal Module Shape Red & Orange odes represent shared connections between modular sub-component (V shaped line)

4x8 Grid

5:00 AM AM TotalTotal SI:5:00 0 kWh/m2 SI: 0 kWh/m2

7:00 AM 7:00 AM TotalTotal SI:SI: 1.91.9kWh/m2 kWh/m2

9:00 AM AM TotalTotal SI:9:00 5.1 kWh/m2 SI: 5.1 kWh/m2

11:00 AM 11:00 AM TotalTotal SI:SI: 7.6 kWh/m2 7.6 kWh/m2

12:00 PM Total SI: 8.7 kWh/m2

1:00 PM Total SI: 8.6 kWh/m2

3:00 PM Total SI: 4.4 kWh/m2

5:00 PM Total SI: 2.1 kWh/m2

Exploded Diagram of Assembly Detail & Material 14

13

12

11

10

7

6

4

3

1

12:00 PM Total SI: 8.7 kWh/m2

1:00 PM Total SI: 8.6 kWh/m2

3:00 PM Total SI: 4.4 kWh/m2

Partial South Elevation of Adaptive Facade Facade adapting to different times of a day during the summer solstice (21/06)

Paintings of animals, nature, and landscape from 2016 to 2019

5:00 PM Total SI: 2.1 kWh/m2

Module Quantity: 3 Interior Floor SI: 11.7 Adaptive Facade S

The final configu marginally bette into interior spac

ARC202 Module - Structural Design (Year 3, Sem 2) Group Work - Contribution: Model Preparation, Model Construction

9

Modelling the physical model nodes using Rhino-Grasshopper

1. Aluminium Frame 2. Steel/polymer Fixed Supporting Rod 3. Sensor-controlled Micro-servo motor 4. Moveable Iron Track with Pin-joint 5. Moveable Pinned Rods/Screws 6. Central screw 7. Fixed Iron Track Slot 8. Fixed Steel End Nut

9

8

5

2

9. Moveable Steel End Nut 10. Motor-controlled Teeth Spur Gear (gear-driven rack and pinion system) 11. Wooden Kinematic Frame/bar 12. Silicone-coated Fabric Tensile Member 13. Steel Hexagonal Frame 14. Fixed Aluminium Panels

Interior Visualization

Final Physical Model of structure for a cantilevered theater

Exterior Visualization

Interior view of adaptive facade at different operation stages (0% & 100%)

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