The Vegan Winter 1990

New Series. Vol.6,

IDEAL CHRISTMAS PRESENT! Second edition of 1 0 0 % animal-free product guide for vegans and would be vegans seeking assistance in choosing food and non-food commodities.

6

L

Q U

O

Thousand of entries organized into easy-to-consult sections (Food Products, Toiletries & Cosmetics, Homecare Products, Additives etc).

Complete with informative section introductions, recommended reading lists and index.

Orders to: The Vegan Society (Merchandise), 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA.

^

1- LITRE SUGAR-FREE READY-TO-USE, SWEETENED & SUGAR-FREE CONCENTRATED SOYA MILK

RICE PUDDING

SWEETENED A N D SUGAR FREE

ENJOY A CRUELTY FREE 1991 - WITH FARE PRODUCED BY THE

ALL EXCLUSIVE VEGAN RANGE CHOCOLATE & CAROB PLAMIL'S SOYA MILK &

ALSO VEEZE PROVIDE C A L C I U M & ESSENTIAL VITAMINS B2 B12 & D2

PLAIN & WITH NATURAL FLAVOURS

CAROB COATED FRUIT& NUT BARS

APRICOT APPLE & PEAR

I enclose S.A.E please send me literature name address

CHEESE - N O

VEEZE - YES send to Plamil Foods, Bowles Well Gardens, Dover Road, Folkestone, Kent Vegan

2 The Vegan, Winter 1990

\ % a n Editor: Richard Farhall Vegan Editorial Committee: Amy Austin, Adrian Ling, Tim Powell Design and production by Up Design, Kingston-on-Thames Printed by KSC, Tunbridge Wells Text printed on 100% recycled paper The Vegan is published quarterly

by The Vegan Society Ltd Publication Date: March, June, September, December Copy Date: 1st of preceding month ISSN 0307-4811 © The Vegan Society Ltd The views expressed in The Vegan do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor or of the Vegan Society Council. Nothing printed should be construed to be Vegan Society policy unless so stated. The Society accepts no liability for any matter in the magazine. The acceptance of advertisements does not imply endorsement. Contributions intended for publication are welcomed, but unsolicited materials will not be returned unless accompanied by an SAE. The Vegan Society Ltd

SOCIETY 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-onSea, East Sussex TN37 7AA Tel. and Fax. 0424 427393 Registered Charity No. 279228 Company Registration No. 1468880 VAT Registration No. 448 5973 95 President: Arthur Ling Deputy President: Amy Austin Vice-Presidents: Serena Coles, Freya Dinshah, Jay Dinshah, Cor Nouws, Donald Watson Council: Harold Atkinson, Amy Austin, Terry Bevis, Harry Bonnie, Lance Cruse, Clive Forest, Adrian Ling, Arthur Ling, Tim Powell, Rick Savage (Chair) Joint Hon. Treasurers: Harold Atkinson Terry Bevis

The Vegan, Winter 1990

General Secretary: Richard Farhall Office Manager: Amanda Rofe Administrative Assistant: Kathy McCormack Hospital Liaison Officer:* Tim Powell Prison Liaison Officer:* Sandra Battram * Denotes voluntary posts Veganism may be defined as a way of living which seeks to exclude, as far as possible and practical, all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing or any other purpose.

In dietary terms it refers to the practice of dispensing with all animal produce — including meat, fish, poultry, eggs, (nonhuman) animal milks, honey, and their derivatives.

Abhorrence of the cruel practices inherent in dairy, livestock and poultry farming is probably the single most common reason for the adoption of veganism, but many people are drawn to it for health, ecological, spiritual and other reasons.

If you would like more information on veganism a free Information Pack is available from the Society's office in exchange for an SAE.

Contents

The Vegan Society was formed in England in November 1944 by a group of vegetarians who had recognized and come to reject the ethical compromises implicit in lacto-(i.e. dairy-dependent)vegetarianism and consequently decided to renounce the use of all animal products.

If you are already a vegan or vegan sympathizer please support the Society and help increase its influence by joining. Increased membership means more resources to educate and inform.

Full membership is restricted to practising vegans, as defined above, but sympathizers are welcome as associates of the Society.

Both members and associates receive The Vegan free of charge.

Healthwise — Macrobiotics, Veganism and Children's Health

The Vegan Society Trade Mark is the property of the Vegan Society Ltd. The Society is prepared to authorize the use of its trade mark on products which accord with its 'no animal ingredients, no animal testing' criteria.

Applications for use should be addressed to the General Secretary. Unauthorized use is strictly forbidden.

Chairsay

Young Vegans Go For It!

Thoughts from the Chair

15

Bloodsports

News

'Why Vegan?'

16

How to respond?

1991 Vegan Calender

18

A Vegan in the Family

20

Lethargy rules

21

Postbag Your letters

Wool A chilling subject

KEYnotes on Nutrition Herbs: Their Value and Use in the Vegan Diet 22

Points to watch

Part 1

Reviews

24

Growsense

26

Soil improvement

Are You Spending Christmas with the Family?

10

Publications & Promotional Goods 28

Surviving the annual festive meal

Noticeboard

30

Information

31

Classified

32

Vegans Must Be Green!

12

Acting green; promoting green

Shoparound New products

14

Unless otherwise stated all illustrations by J Breese Cover by Jane

Witheridge

3

C H A I R S A Y

they are as sick that surfeit with too much, as they that starve with nothing.

W Shakespeare

T

hese perceptive words are spoken by Nerissa in the Merchant of Venice. They compare the spiritual impoverishment of the wealthy to the physical impoverishment of the dispossessed.

They come to mind having just

News Royal Mail From his Brede Valley (600 hive) Bee Farm in East Sussex, Peter Kemble runs the apiarist's equivalent of a mail-order bride service: for £12 he will pop one of his queen bees in the post. He is believed to be the only bee keeper in the country who specializes solely in producing queen bees for sale.

For every queen he selects, Kemble needs to select 10 "travelling companions" to feed her and keep her warm on the journey through the post. For an extra £1.50 he will daub a blob of yellow paint on the queen (for ease of identification) and clip her wings with a pair of scissors.

'Dead on arrival' bees are replaced free of charge.

Apparently, he has to sell 3,000-4,000 queens a year to make a living — 3-4,000 too many.

Independent 29.9.90

.

.

.

read a survey on charitable giving, which showed that the more people earned the less openhanded they become in their giving.

As Christmas approaches the disparity between the haves and have nots will be piously brought to our attention, focussing mainly on the have nots, the homeless, the hungry etc., in the expectation that the haves — as they overindulge themselves — will give generously. It is, more often than not, merely an easy path for those with little conscience to salve them. It is unlikely that the dulling of people's sensibilities through having too much will be seriously examined, either at the level of the individual or the nation. If it were to be, the solution would have to call upon the Institute of Engineering, Silsoe, Beds, and the Institute of Physiology and Genetics Research, Edinburgh. Sensors mounted on lorries have shown large gradients in temperature, from 8 - 1 0 °C (48-50 °F) when birds are loaded in crates, to 13-14 °C (55-56 °F) in transit, up to 30 °C (85 °F) when the laden lorry stops for as little as one hour before unloading at the factory.

Farmers Weekly 1.6.90

Turkey Leaflet The festive turkey leaflet — produced jointly by the Vegan Society, Vegetarian Society, Compassion in World Farming and Chicken's Lib — mentioned in the Autumn 1990 Vegan is now available for bulk purchase at the following prices (p&p incl.): 100 — £ 1 . 7 5 ; 500 — £5.95; 1000 —£10.50.

Cheques should be made payable to 'The Vegan Society Ltd.' Send your order to: Festive Turkey Leaflet, Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA.

Broiler Deaths Nearly 1 billion broilers are moved from farms to processing plants each year and mortality in transit varies from 0.1 to 1%.

Factors contributing to stess and mortality are being studied jointly by Agricultural and Food Research Council researchers at

4

Micro Update In the Autmn 1990 Vegan it was reported that it appeared the majority of products — both food and non-food — are tested routinely for bacterial contamination using methods involving

people to change their lives by adopting veganism and a compassionate lifestyle 365 days a year, thereby freeing them to embrace wholeheartedly the important elements of life, namely, being aware and being able to think, feel and act. Only veganism can offer spiritual nourishment to the well-off while simultaneously showing the way to solve permanently starvation in the world.

In comparison to the wellfunded agencies that promote the meat, dairy and egg industries, the Vegan Society is a have-not and unfortunately, an ever increasing proportion of our members are unwaged, that is, entirely dependent on state benefits. Currently, between 50 and 75% of new members claim to be unwaged; the subscription discount to the unwaged must necessarily reduce and disappear if this trend continues. This hits hardest those in prison who have only £2 to £3 a week at their dis-

posal. When renewing your membership this year, please consider carefully whether you need to claim the discount.

On a lighter note, the Society having moved to St Leonards-on-Sea, my curiosity about this saint was aroused. I eventually found the following reference: A Frank at the court of Clovis in Sixth century, founder of the monastery ofNoblac and patron saint of prisoners, Clovis having given him permission to release all whom he visited. He is usually represented as a deacon holding chains or broken fetters. Day, 6 November.

Quite appropriate really, as the Society seeks the release of animals from human bondage.

In the approaching New Year, I wish you all good health and success in your endeavours.

the use of animal products.

There are two stages of microbiological testing: (1) to count the bacteria present in a sample batch, (2) to identify and isolate the bacteria. Stage two is only necessary if the sample batch, on more than one occasion, produces a bacteria count above the 'acceptable' upper limit.

Non-food products. A microbiologist has been identified who has been successful in developing non-animal media for routine microbiological quality control (stage 1).

Food products. Different tests are used because micro-organisms in food products are specific food pathogens which need enrichment in established recommended media — frequently casein (milk protein) and meat extract (often a by-product of corned beef production). The Society's search for a laboratory using non-animal media in this area continues.

NB. Bonita Skin Care has advised the Society that it does not perform or commission microbiological testing.

Championships. As well as animal products, she avoids wheat, salt, sugar, fat and gluten; she's teetotal too. "If you balance a vegan diet well enough, there's absolutely no reason for not doing it. You can be very fit, in fact you can build stamina more quickly."

She's even produced a video (to be reviewed in the Spring 1991 Vegan) for a vegan gourmet dinner party. "I want to show people that vegan food can be very exciting and well presented."

Here's Health October 1990

Top Vegan The British Heavyweight Champion woman arm wrestler is a vegan! Dietary therapist Katherine Monbiot — who, just seven years ago was a five stone anorexic — is gearing herself up for the European and World

Rick Savage

Welcome...

To Harry Bonnie, Lance Cruse and Clive Forest — newly elected members of Council; and to Cor Nouws, Secretary of the Dutch Vegan Society and leading light behind Vegans International — newly appointed Vice President.

Manure & Acid Rain Already facing restrictions on the number of animals they can keep, farmers in the Netherlands are now having to worry about government control on the gasses wafting from manure.

In the Netherlands, ammonia (NH 3 ) is the greatest single cause of acid rain, with the equivalent of more than 250,000 tonnes emitted each year. Of this,

The Vegan, Winter 1990

a c c o r d i n g to t h e C e n t r e f o r A g r i c u l t u r e a n d E n v i r o n m e n t in Utrecht, half c o m e s f r o m liquid m a n u r e b e i n g s p r e a d o n fields, 8 0 , 0 0 0 t o n n e s w a f t s o u t of stock housing, and 30,000 tonnes f r o m grazing animals.

Daily Telegraph 14.8.90

Impressive Vegan r u n n e r S a l l y Eastall has d o n e it a g a i n ! S h e w a s the 11th w o m a n h o m e in t h e E u r o p e a n G a m e s M a r a t h o n h e l d in A u g u s t .

T h e first British f i n i s h e r b y f i v e m i n u t e s she c l o c k e d in at 2 - 4 1 37. C o n g r a t u l a t i o n s Sally.

TM Update T h e Vegan S o c i e t y C o u n c i l h a s ratified a p p l i c a t i o n s f r o m t h e f o l l o w i n g c o m p a n i e s f o r use of t h e Society's Trade Mark: • Crookes Healthcare — OsterSoy. • Mocatan — e n t i r e r a n g e of clothing.

• The Bio-D Company — r a n g e of h o u s e h o l d c l e a n i n g p r o d u c t s .

Birth Defect Warning Pregnant w o m e n have been a d v i s e d b y the D e p a r t m e n t of H e a l t h not to e a t liver b e c a s e it

m i g h t c a u s e birth d e f e c t s in babies. The warning follows evidence linking excessive vitamin A i n t a k e with birth d e f e c t s a n d i n c r e a s e d levels of v i t a m i n A b e i n g f o u n d in liver s a m p l e s . A s a result of m o d e m a n i m a l f e e d i n g p r a c t i c e s , o n e p o r t i o n of liver c a n c o n t a i n 4 - 1 2 t i m e s t h e reco m m e n d e d (V4 m i l l i g r a m ) m a x i m u m d a i l y i n t a k e of v i t a m i n A. Daily Telegraph 19.10.90 Meat Trades Journal 25.10.90

BSE Madness D r K e n t o n M o r g a n , l e c t u r e r at t h e Bristol U n i v e r s i t y S c h o o l of Veterinary S c i e n c e c l a i m s that o n e in f o u r s h e e p , a b o u t 11 m i l lion a n i m a l s , m i g h t b e i n f e c t e d w i t h scrapie — t h e b r a i n d i s e a s e b e l i e v e d responsible f o r b o v i n e spongiform encephalopathy ( B S E ) in cattle.

In S e p t e m b e r , M i n i s t r y of A g r i c u l t u r e scientists s u c c e s s f u l ly i n f e c t e d a p i g w i t h B S E . T h e M i n i s t r y ' s a n n o u n c e m e n t that there w a s n o reason to b e l i e v e this c o u l d h a p p e n o u t s i d e a l a b o ratory f a i l e d to quell t h e f e a r s of p o r k - e a t e r s w h e n it w a s d e c l a r e d that t h e s u s p e c t cattle o f f a l s banned from human consumption last y e a r a r e n o w b a n n e d f r o m consumption by pigs!

A total of 1 8 , 7 9 5 c a t t l e h a v e

OBITUARIES Grace Smith Vegan Society Vice President Grace Smith passed away in September, a few weeks before her 76th birthday. Many will remember her as Treasurer of the Society, a function that she performed for nearly 20 years with that quiet conscientious efficiency that was typical of her.

Grace was a woman of discriminating intellectual power, and few words.

Only those who got to know her well, learned of her strong social conscience, her deep feelings for all that suffered and loyal dedication to making a contribution to a better world.

In the 60s she met the arguments for veganism and with characteristic commitment to relevant action, adopted that way of life. Dr Frey Ellis lived in the same area of Surrey and the two families became firm friends. She assisted him in his office of Treasurer to the Vegan Society, and when in 1974 he became President, she became Treasurer. She served in that capacity until 1983 and it was her sound judgement and quiet efficiency that did much to keep the Society's financial affairs on an even keel during its period of rapid growth. She thought of nothing but voluntary service to that which she believed in, never personal gain.

She was devoted to her two daughters and four grandchildren, the latter fine examples of life veganism, and our thoughts go out to them in their loss.

If humankind makes it to a world fit for our children to live in, much will be due to the quiet dedication of such as Grace Smith.

Kathleen Jannaway

Mike Toomey A dedicated vegan, Mike freely gave substantial financial support and professional computer consultancy skills to the Society and another favoured voluntary organization — Animal Aid. Both societies have benefitted enormously from his skills, knowledge and selfless generosity.

His technical expertize, boundless enthusiasm and seemingly limitless energy impressed all who had the privilege to meet him. Always willing to assist, for the good of the causes he propounded, his sudden departure leaves an immense void.

Richard Farhall

5 The Vegan, Winter 1990

d i e d or h a v e b e e n d e s t r o y e d after b e i n g stricken b y B S E .

Poison Salmon C h e m i c a l residues, i n c l u d i n g t h o s e of a k n o w n p o i s o n h a v e b e e n f o u n d in s a m p l e s o f S c o t t i s h s a l m o n o n sale in superm a r k e t s . The Independent on Sunday c o m m i s s i o n e d laboratory tests o n five s a m p l e s . A l l b u t one c o n t a i n e d c h e m i c a l r e s i d u e s . In the w o r s t c a s e , a s a l m o n f r o m the f r e s h fish c o u n t e r in S a i n s b u r y c o n t a i n e d d i c h l o r v o s — a highly toxic n e r v e a g e n t ; c a n t h a x a n t h i n — a d y e which has been banned f r o m d i r e c t u s e in f o o d ; a n d an

a n t i b i o t i c — o x y t e t r a c y l i n e , at levels far above m a x i m u m limits.

D i c h l o r v o s is u s e d in t h e f i s h farming industry to control infest a t i o n s of s e a l i c e .

Independent on Sunday 21.10.90

Lettuce Leaf For the send year running an all vegan team — 'Lettuce Leaf — won the 'Other Clubs' category in the annual Sunday Times Fun Run, beating the '9th Harpenden Everest Scouts Carnivores' into second place! Overall, the team came 30th out of 970 teams (1989: 66th out of 1270).

DISCOUNTS The following is a list of shops, restaurants, hotels and other businesses offering a discount to Vegan Society members/associates*. All require the production of a valid (new style) membership caid. * Unless indicated otherwise

Accommodation Loaning Head Wholefood Vegetarian Guesthouse, Garrigill, Alston, Cumbria. 0434 381013. 10% excluding bar and already reduced rates.

New Leslie Farmhouse, Leslie, By Insch, Aberdeenshire AB52 6PE. 0464 20508. 5%. Advance notice of vegan requirement always appreciated.

Stredders Vegetarian Guesthouse, Park Crescent, Liandrindod Wells, Powys LD1 6AB. 0597 2186. 10%.

The Lodge, Tal-Y-Bont, Conway, Gwynedd LL32 8YX. 0492 69766.

10%. Not redeemable against already discounted breaks & services.

Tigh-na-Mara, The Shore, Aidindrean, nr Ullapool, By Loch Broom, Wester-ross, Scotland IV23 2SE. 0854 85 282. 10%. Excludes July-Aug & public holidays. Prepayment in fUU.

Shops Ashgrove Stores, Horsted Keynes, West Sussex RH17 7AP. 0825 790243.

Beano Wholefood Workers Co-op, 36 New Briggate, Leeds, West Yorkshire LSI 6NU. 0532 435737.

10%. Monday-Thursday on orders over £5.00.

Breckles Wholefoods, 12 Cawdry Buildings, Fountain Street, Leek, Staffordshire ST13 6JP. 0538 387660. 10%.

Canton Health Foods, 218 Cowbridge Road East. Cardiff. 0222 397983. 10%.

Cardiff Health Foods, 4 Church Street, Cardiff. 0222 220990. 10%.

Evergreen Stores, 70 Daisy Hill, Dewsbury, West Yorks. 0924 457900.

10%.

Friends Foods, 51 Roman Road, London E2 OHU. 081 980 1843.

Mail O r d e r / O t h e r Business Empress Ltd, PO Box 92, Penzance, Cornwall TR18 2XL. 0736 65790.

15% on essential oils only.

Not Just Nuts, Bam Cottage, The Street, Wallington, Nr Baldock, Hertfordshire SG7 6SW. 076 388 209. 5% off any collected orders once a month only. Home-based business, no casual callers please.

Vinceremos, 10 Ashley Ind. Est., Ossett, WF5 9JD. 0924 276393.5%.

Full of Beans, 93 Witton Street, Northwich, Cheshire. 10%.

Herbs and Health, 10 Bruce Street.

Dunfermline, Fife KYI2 7AG. 0383 733915. 10% members; 5% associates.

Hunza Wholefoods, Syon Park Garden Centre, Syon Park, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 8JG. 081 847 2140.

10% to full members only.

JD Home Deliveries, Unit 12, Staveley Workshops, Works Road, Hollingwood, Chesterfield, Derbys S43 2PE. 0246 473818.

Roath Health Foods, 39 WeUfield Road, Cardiff CF2 3PA. 0222 486023. 10%.

The Quarry Shop, 13 Heoi Maengwyn, Machynlleth, Powys.

10%.

Vegebility, 11 Grange Road, West Kirby, Wirral L48 4DY. 10%.

Whitchurch Health Foods, 53c Merthyr Road, Cardiff. 0222 618716.

10%.

Whole in the Wall, 23 Wellfield Court. Bangor, Gwynedd. 0248 364518. 10% full members only.

Wote Street Health Shop, 35 Wote Street, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 INF. 10%.

10%.

Restaurants Byblos Restaurant, 262 Kensington High Street. London W8. 071 603 4422. 10%.

Cafe Natural, Greenhill Street, Stratford-Upon-Avon CV37 6LF. 0789 415741. 10%.

Dylans Restaurant, 99 Broad Street, Hawley, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. 0782 286009. 5%.

George's Place, 7 Queen Street.

Penrith, Cumbria CA11 7XD. 0768 66635. 10%.

Shiraz Restaurant, 113 Oak Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD18 2AF. 0274 490176. 10%.

The Thin End for Hungry People, 41a Fore Street, St Austell, Cornwall PL25 5PY. 0726 75805. 10% to full members only.

WOOL

RSPCA C O U N C I L MEMBER ROBIN WEBB TAKES A LOOK AT T H E C H I L L I N G FACTS . . . any years ago I saw a documentary film about wool production in Australia. Forget the idyllic scenes of a rural sheep dog trials with its careful demonstration of shearing a fastidiously shampooed sheep. This was the real thing.

Memory shows a large, warehousetype building . . . men on piece rates holding electric shears . . . the sheep being herded in, heavy with fleece.

Behind the shearers a large opening to the outside, curtained by long strips of industrial-weight PVC as used in many factories. Each sheep was sheared as quickly as possible, any cuts being daubed with something . . . hot tar, I think . . . to stop the bleeding. The last act in this dreadful ritual was the suddenly naked individual being flipped on its back to finish off the shearing and then, with a heavy shove, sent sliding through the ribboned curtains to regain its feet outside.

Time passed and with it came awareness and with awareness came veganism.

I read in the old Vegan Society leaflet 'Wool Factories', written by the late Eva Batt, (updated and republished as 'Wool Machines' in 1984) that "every year hundreds of thousands of mature sheep die of cold soorwrfter shearing".

A few years later this was confirmed in Christine Townend's excellent expose of the Australian wool industry, Pulling the Wool, which revealed: "one study showed that . . . in the 30 days after shearing about a million animals die largely due to exposure".

Fly Strike Probably an even greater cause of mortality, and certainly of overall suffering, is fly-strike. This is caused by blowflies laying eggs in the sheep's wool, usually in the hindquarters area which harbours unpleasant odours — particularly if the sheep is scouring (suffering from diarrhoea). In warm, moist conditions the eggs may hatch out within 12 hours and the larvae then attack the flesh of the host animal. This creates raw areas which, with the larval excreta, attract more blowflies and thus exacerbates the problem. Left untreated the sheep may 6

a

raue mepiitte stays captivity for ever.

) OPPEWEMER (1941- )

die in as little as a week from stress or blood poisoning.

The mortality rates are particularly high both in Australia, due to the outback conditions, and in the UK's population of hill sheep. Lack of proper management and good husbandry means that

Some 14 million Australian sheep suffered fly-strike and nearly 3 million died the 'struck' sheep will go undetected and thus untreated until too late. During one of the worst years in recent times some 14 million Australian sheep suffered flystrike and nearly 3 million died.

Naturally, quite apart from the welfare aspect, this does not make economic sense for the sheep farmer so a number of preventive measures and treatments have been devised. The most infamous of these, used in Australia, is Mulesing.

Before covering this in more detail let us briefly examine the alternatives.

fore suffered at least the early stages of attack by maggots.

Shearing gives temporary protection by denuding the sheep and cleaning the breech and pizzle (penis) areas, thus offering less attraction to the blowflies.

However, such protection declines gradually and probably would not be effective for more than about six weeks.

There is also the danger of shearing cuts being struck.

Crutching removes most of the wool in that area (around the breech) thus reducing the amount of soiling, making the area less attractive to blowflies. As with shearing the protection is only temporary, as little as 2 or 3 weeks if scouring is present. Ringing is a similar procedure used on rams and wethers (uncastrated and castrated male sheep) to clean the pizzle area. The disease 'pizzle rot', most usually found in Merino sheep, is often fatal when complicated by fly strike.

Chemical treatments are applied by either dipping or jetting, the former usually carried out after shearing and jetting being used when the wool is longer, to assist penetration, Flies have become resilient to all but the most recently introduced chemical compounds thus reducing the efficacy of such treatments.

Mulesing The remaining treatment, or rather preventive measure, is Mulesing. One problem encountered with wool-producing sheep, including Merinos, Corriedales and Polwarths, is that they have heavily folded skin which aggravates the problems caused by fly-strike. The plain

Treatments

Australia produces over 30% of the world's wool and carries out Mule's operation on some 80% of its sheep

Individual treatment may be given by clipping the affected area and applying an insecticidal dressing. If infection has set in then antibiotics may be administered. This method, particularly in Australia, means that the individual sheep has not been identified as struck until a paddock inspection and has there-

(smooth skinned) bodied sheep tend to produce less wool of an inferior quality.

Australia produces over 30% of the world's wool and carries out Mule's operation on some 80% of its sheep, mainly Merinos.

The Vegan, Winter 1990

20,000 sheep shot and buried at one farm in Wimmera . . . reports that up to 2 million of Western Australia's 39 million sheep will have to be killed to

Australia's 70,000 sheep farmers have 20 million sheep too many avoid starvation . . . In total it is estimated that Australia's 70,000 sheep farmers have 20 million sheep too many.

Large amounts of wool have been used in military uniforms but with the end of the Cold War and reduction in the armed forces, particularly in Europe, the demand for this type of clothing has dropped. The greenhouse effect in the Northern hemisphere has also led to a reduction in demand for heavy (woolly) clothing.

At Home I have concentrated on the Australian wool industry because it supplies some 70% of the world's 'needs' for clothing and over 30% of its total requirements.

A significant proportion of wool is skin wool obtained from slaughtered sheep The purpose of Mule's operation is to remove the folds of skin from the breech and tail area, thus making it less attractive to blowflies. Two types of operation are in use, the radical Mule's and the modified Mule's. The only difference is that in the modified Mule's procedure not as much skin is removed. Generally, the radical Mule's operation would remove at least five folds of skin and the modified version limits itself to three.

An Australian report comments: "during healing, cut areas of skin pull together, stretching the bare skin areas around the anus and vulva to produce a barer, less wrinkly, breech. Likewise, the bare skin under the tail stretches out to the sides and the (normally docked) end of the tail."

Mule's operations are performed by either the farmers themselves or contractors, none of whom are required to undergo specific training. The folds of the skin are sliced off with sharp shears but no anaesthetic is given, even if it were there would be no alleviation of the intense irritation caused by the healing process over the days following the operation. Complete healing takes 3 to 5 weeks even if infection does not set in.

Calls for Mulesing to be performed by veterinary surgeons are rejected by government, farmers and vets alike. The Veterinary Surgeons Board in Australia 7 The Vegan, Winter 1990

considers it to be a minor surgical procedure normally performed by farmers, in the same way as castration and tail-docking, and not an act of veterinary science!

A recent policy statement by the Ministry for Agriculture and Rural Affairs in the state of Victoria supports the continuation of the modified Mule's operation but admits openly that sheep farmers consider it unpleasant, there are difficulties in developing the necessary skills, it is difficult to maintain instruments in correct condition, and skilled operators are hard to find. Pity the poor bloody sheep.

Population Earlier this year a spokesperson for the New South Wales Farmers' Association claimed that farm incomes declined by 20% last year and predicted a further fall of 50% during 1990. This has been caused by vast over-production at a time of reducing demand worldwide. Seven years ago the Australian national flock numbered 134 million, now it's over 175 million.

What's being done about it? Two thousand sheep shot and bulldozed into the ground at a farm in Victoria . . . sheep being sold for as little as 5 cents (2p) each . . . at one recent auction 287 sheep fetched a total of £7 . . . another

We should not however be complacent about the situation in the UK. A significant proportion of wool is skin wool obtained from slaughtered sheep, which provide also two important derivatives — lanolin (or wool fat — used mainly in cosmetics) and vitamin D3. In the UK, skin wool — mainly from lambs and hoggets (between weaning and first shearing) — accounts for about one third of the total wool produced.

One of the most distressing afflictions for UK sheep, particularly in lowland areas, is foot rot. This is a bacterial infection which literally gives the impression of the foot rotting, together with foul-smelling discharge, and can result in the hoof falling off. WTiere the two front feet are affected the sheep will usually adopt a kneeling position for feeding. Where three or four feet are attacked the intense pain makes standing impossible so the sheep feeds from the sitting or lying position, crawling forward a little at a time to reach fresh pasture. Without treatment the sheep will eventually die from exhaustion.

Sheepskin coats and rugs, woolly jumpers, mutton, lanolin, vitamin D3 — the tragedy is that plant-based and synthetic alternatives exist. Selective breeding and genetic engineering have turned a once wild, agile creature into an overfleeced, disease-prone monstrosity.

ON NUTRITION

CHOOSING A 'GOOD VEGAN DIET Part 2 Tim Key continues his regular column with a look at those areas of vegan nutrition requiring particular attention

n t h e last i s s u e of The Vegan I discussed why the most important principles for obtaining a nutritious vegan diet are to eat a wide variety of foods, to prefer whole, unrefined foods, and to avoid eating a lot of empty calorie foods. If a vegan diet is selected along these lines it will automatically be a good source of most nutrients, but a few points may be worth watching.

I

Assessing Vegan Diets Published studies of the nutrient intakes of ' f r e e living' vegans have consistently fqpnd that the supply of most nutrients is plentiful. Vegans usually have a higher | i n t a k e t h a n lomnivlores of fibre, polyunsaturated fat, potassium, magnesium, thiamin, pyridoxine, folic acid and vitamin E, and a lower intake of saturated fat. These differences may have particular benefits in preventing some chronic diseases, and will be discussed further in the next issue.

On the 'down-side', vegan diets typically have a lower content of protein, calcium, iodine, riboflavin, vitamin B 1 2 and vitamin D than omnivorous diets.

T h e s e nutrients deserve some consideration.

Protein T h e p r o t e i n c o n t e n t of vegan diets is usually a little lower than 8

that of omnivorous diets, but still well above the human requirement for protein, which is quite low. Cereals, potatoes, and most types of nuts provide adequate amounts of protein, while soya beans and other pulses (including peanuts) are particularly rich.

Sunflower and sesame seeds are also rich in protein, but are usually only eaten in small amounts.

Calcium The optimum calcium intake for humans is still controversial.

Some studies have suggested that high i n t a k e s p r o d u c e denser b o n e s in y o u n g p e o p l e and reduce the rate of bone loss with ageing. On the other hand, some populations in poor countries a p p e a r to h a v e low c a l c i u m intakes but healthy bones. Other factors can certainly increase loss from bone, including low oestrogen levels in postmenopausal women, lack of exercise, smoking, drinking alcohol and, possibly, high meat intake.

Sensible vegan diets supply moderate amounts of calcium, but probably less than some recommendations. The long term effects of this are unknown. The richest vegan sources of calcium are dark green leafy vegetables, u n r e f i n e d s e s a m e seeds and tahini. Some soya milks are supplemented, as are all types of bread other than wholemeal.

Iodine The role of iodine in preventing

goitre and cretinism has been known for most of this century, but there are still perhaps 200 million people in the world suff e r i n g deficiency, including many in European countries.

Goitre is now rare in Britain because the iodine content of cow's milk has increased due to fortification of cattle feed. More studies of the iodine status of vegans are needed, but intakes are probably low unless seaweed is eaten, and some plants contain goitrogens which increase the iodine requirement. High intakes of iodine can also be harmful, but it is probably advisable for vegans to eat some seaweed or fortified products such as multivitamins or iodized salt.

Riboflavin Riboflavin deficiency is very common in poor countries with low consumption of meat and dairy products. Symptoms include tongue ulcers and sore lips, but suprisingly few other problems. Western diets contain moderate amounts of riboflavin, and again dark green leafy vegetables and to a lesser extent pulses are the richest sources.

Many foods are fortified, including some breakfast cereals, soya milks, yeast extracts and textured vegetable protein (TVP).

Vitamin B12 Plants do not normally contain any B 1 2 , although some may be present from soil contamination or in root nodules. 'Natural' B 1 2 has been reported in foods such as tempeh, miso, spirulina and beer, but the amounts have been variable and usually small. More importantly, improved measurement methods have shown that much of the reported B 1 2 in these foods is not real B 1 2 but related

compounds which may be worse than useless by competing with real B 12 for absorption. B 1 2 deficiency is serious and can become irreversible, so vegans must ensure a regular intake by eating f o r t i f i e d foods such as soya milks, yeast extracts and TVP, or by taking tablets.

Vitamin D Moderate exposure to sunlight can supply ample vitamin D. A reliable supply is particularly important for children, to prevent rickets. Elderly housebound people are also at risk of suffering vitamin D deficiency. For these people, and indeed for people of all ages who get little sun, a dietary supply of vitamin D is advisable. Margarines and some soya milks are fortified, but this may not be sufficient for children, for whom vitamin D drops or tablets should be used.

Conclusions I hope that this does not sound like a catalogue of worries. It is useful to be aware of potential problems, but clinical deficiency of any nutrients appears to be rare in vegans. Some reports of d e f i c i e n c i e s in children on 'vegan diets' have been published, but have involved extremely | restricted diets such1 as very strict macrobiotic or fruitarian diets, rather than a sensible varied diet as advised by the Vegan Society.

As far as food selection is concerned, assessment of nutrient contents shows that dark green vegetables, and pulses of all types, are often extremely nutritious foods. It is wise to eat these foods often.

Next issue: the health benefits of a vegan diet!

KATZ

GO VEGAN

Vegecat and Vegekit (vegan supplements), combined with recommended homemade recipes, provide your cat with all the necessary nutrients for a healthy, balanced diet.

5.5 oz Vegecat (10 weeks supply) ÂŁ6.50 + 4sp pap per tub 5 oz Vegekit (6 weeks supply) ÂŁ6.40 + 45p p&p per tub Recipe sheet provided. Cheques/POs payable to: Katz Go Vegan Orders to: Katz Go Vegan, Vegan Society, Box 161, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA The Vegan, Winter 1990

Healthwise

vital for growing bones and teeth — was also low, despite the use of tofu, sesame seeds and seaweeds, generally thought to be good sources. Combined, these contributed only 19% of the calcium eaten by the infants. The main source was vegetables and fruits (providing 30%), and

cereals and tap water provided 28% of calcium eaten. A low calcium intake is also typical of British vegan children.

MACROBIOTICS, VEGANISM AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH Gill Langlej reports on the findings of recent research of interest to vegan parents our reports in the medical journals recently have described the effects of macrobiotic diets on the growth and development of Dutch infants and children*. The diets the Dutch children ate were nearly vegan — meat, poultry, fish and eggs were excluded and dairy milk used infrequently.

lems were partly related to low birth weight and partly to t h e macrobiotic weaning diet being too low in calories and in protein. The retardation in development of movement and language is not thought to be permanent, since older macrobiotic children (aged 4 to 6 years) weren't intellectually impaired.

* Full scientific references are available from the Society on receipt of an SAE.

Protein & Calcium

F

The implications for vegan children are important. In the study, twice as many macrobiotic infants as ordinary infants had low birth weights, linked with the mothers having eaten less fish and dairy products during pregnancy. Growth of macrobiotic infants slowed down after 6 months, with only partial catchup growth after the age of two years.

The macrobiotic children were also considerably slower t h a n a v e r a g e in l e a r n i n g to stand, walk and throw a ball, and slightly lower in learning to talk. Major skin and muscle wasting occured in one-third (30%) of macrobiotic infants, compared with one-fiftieth (2%) of ordinary infants. These prob9 The Vegan, Winter 1990

O n e - f i f t h of the macrobiotic infants (aged 4 to 18 months) had received some dairy milk, but none had been given eggs, poultry, meat or fish. Breast-milk was the main source of fat at first but, after weaning, fat intake dropped — partly accounting for the low calorie intake of the children.

Protein consumption was low, contributing to stunting, because the grain porridge given to the babies was sieved to remove the bran, and much of its protein was also left behind in the sieve.

Infants have a relatively greater need for calories and protein than adults, because they grow so quickly.

The c a l c i u m intake of weaned macrobiotic infants —

iron & B12 Iron deficiency was found in 15% of Dutch macrobiotic children aged 10 to 20 months, but in none of the omnivore infants.

Although macrobiotic children actually ate slightly more iron than average, the high fibre content of their diet possibly restricted iron absorption. Two-thirds of the macrobiotic infants had low levels of vitamin B 1 2 in their blood, some of them so low that symptoms of deficiency might have occured. B 1 2 deficiency has serious health consequences, including brain damage.

Contrary to the beliefs of many macrobiotics as well as vegans, tofu, tempeh, miso and soya sauce contain very little B ! 2 .

Seaweeds such as spirulina and nori do contain the vitamin, but some of it is not in a form which can be used by the human body.

Conclusions All in all, many of the infants studied were receiving too few calories, and too little protein, calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B 1 2 and riboflavin. Their low intake of these nutrients led to the thinness and wasting of the muscles, as well as stunting and retarded early development of movement and speech.

These conclusions are important for vegan parents because the macrobiotic diets of these infants were either vegan, or nearly so — although macrobiotic philosophy does involve other dietary restrictions not typical of vegans, such as the belief that

fats should not be given to children under the age of two years.

British vegan children do tend to be smaller and lighter than o m i n i v o r e c h i l d r e n , but still within the normal range. There is no evidence that vegan children in Britain are deficient in protein or calories. Their intake of calcium is generally low; and while there have been some cases of B J 2 deficiency in vegan children in other countries, none have yet been reported in Britain.

Vegan parents can ensure that babies and small children don't run short of the nutrients highlighted in the Dutch study by giving them the foods shown in the box. More detailed information and dietary advice for vegan parents can be found in my book Vegan Nutrition, and f r o m Pregnancy, Children and the Vegan Diet, by Michael Klaper — both available from the Vegan Society.

SOURCES OF SELECTED NUTRIENTS FOR VEGAN INFANTS N u t s a n d s e e d s (finely ground or as s p r e a d s ) — calories, fats, protein, iron, calcium.

Pulses and grains (well c o o k e d a n d m a s h e d or sieved) — calories, protein, iron, calcium, riboflavin.

Tofu — protein, calcium.

Textured soya/vegetable protein (for children aged 1 year or older) — protein, iron, vitamin B 1 2 , riboflavin.

Soya milks — Plamil is fortified with vitamin B 1 2 , calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin.

Provamel is fortified with calcium.

Soya infant f o r m u l a — OsterSoy, a complete infant formula, is fortified with all essential vitamin and minerals.

Yeast extracts (fortified with B 1 2 , preferably low-salt) for children aged 1 year or older — vitamin B 1 2 , riboflavin.

Vegan margarines — calories, fats, vitamin D. Pure, S u m a and M e r i d i a n marg a r i n e s are fortified with vitamin B 1 2 .

Vegetable oils — calories, fats.

G r e e n leafy v e g e t a b l e s (cooked and purged) — iron, calcium, riboflavin.

Dried fruit spreads made from figs, apricots, currants, raisins — calories, iron, calcium.

S u n s h i n e on the s k i n — vitamin D.

Are you spending

CHRISTMAS WITH THE FAMILY?

M

any people do. It's part of the whole tradition, and an important one. It gives you a chance to spend time with people you may rarely see through the year, to re-establish ties and exchange news. If you're vegan, however, it can be a problem. Sitting down to lunch is usually the focal point of the day, yet few of the foods that make up the traditional Festive (!) Fare are suitable for vegans.

The solution has to be a compromise. Admittedly most vegans find it unpleasant even watching someone else tucking into a carcass, but this might be the one time a year when you should look the other way and talk about something else. Try, too, to share some of the trimmings — the vegetables, bread and salad for example. Arrange in advance that the Christmas pudding be made with vegetable fat rather than suet, which is easy enough (or easier still, buy a ready made vegan pudding as your contribution to the meal).

But what will you have instead of turkey? everyone will ask, convinced you're about to either fade away, or burst into tears at being denied such a treat. This, you reply, taking out a favourite dish that you prepared the day before (or even earlier if you can freeze it). The pluses of bringing it with you like this are many. You won't be taking up any valuable space in an already

LUNCH MENU Fresh melon *Tofu Croquettes with *Cranberry Sauce *Stuffed Peppers Vegetables as served Vegan Christmas pudding with concentrated soya milk 10

over-crowded kitchen. Nor will there be any point in trying to entice you to 'indulge yourself — just this once', rather than having to make do with the veg (and of course, making everyone feel guilty for their gluttony!) And if you bring along extra portions, you might even get someone else to try it. In fact, it's a good idea to take along extra of anything you make. As Christmas is a time for eating, most families also manage to find room for a late supper, and after the rich and fatty lunch everyone else consumed, you might well find more interest in what's on your plate!

The recipes given here show how, by taking along just a few dishes, you'll be able to share a family Christmas without too much fuss. Quantities are for four average servings. If you will be the lone vegan at the party, either reduce the ingredients accordingly, or make up the full amount and hope someone will help you out. (Some of the dishes can, of course, be packed in small containers and frozen, which means you'll have them handy for use at a later date.)

Janet Hunt An asterisk before a dish indicates that a recipe is supplied.

TOFU CROQUETTES

reheated in the oven when needed. If you intend to freeze them, let them cool completely then cover before doing so.

1 lb (455g) firm tofu, rinsed and drained 1 onion, chopped 2 carrots, grated 1 stick celery, chopped 1 tablespoon roasted sesame seeds approx. 2 tablespooons wholemeal breadcrumbs 1 teaspoon mixed dried herbs soya sauce seasoning to taste vegetable oil for frying

CRANBERRY SAUCE

Use your hands to mix together the first seven ingredients. The result should be a soft d o u g h . Add just enough breadcrumbs to make this hold together, and flavour to taste with herbs, soya sauce and seasoning.

Divide the dough into eight small balls, flatten them, and shallow fry quickly for a few minutes on each side, taking care when you turn them. (For a firmer texture add some soya flour or egg substitute.) Arrange them side by side in a small oven proof dish to be

1 oz (30g) vegan margarine 1 large onion, chopped I oz (30g) wholemeal flour »/4 pint (140ml) water V4 pint (140ml) orange juice 4 oz (115g) fresh cranberries (or frozen equivalent) Melt the margarine and fry the onion briefly, then cover the pan and cook gently for 10 minutes more. Stir in the flour and cook for just a minute before adding the water and o r a n g e j u i c e and b r i n g i n g to the boil.

Continue stirring and simmer gently until the sauce thickens. Add the cranberries and simmer gently for 15 minutes, or until the cranberries are tender.

If liked you can season the sauce with salt and pepper, or add a little sugar instead.

Serve the sauce in a small jug to be eaten The Vegan, Winter 1990

WINTER SALAD 1

/ 2 small white cabbage, finely sliced 2 sticks celery, finely chopped 2 oz (55g) mushroom, sliced l l 2 bunch watercress, washed and trimmed 2 oz (55g) roasted cashew nuts V small piece fresh pineapple (or small '/ v tin of pineapple in natural juice)

with the Tofu Croquettes — if necessary, add a drop more water or orange juice to make it pour more easily.

STUFFED PEPPERS 4 medium peppers (an assortment of colours looks attractive) 4 oz (115g) cooked grain such as rice or bulgur 1 oz (30g) vegan margarine 1 small onion, chopped 4 oz (115g) pine nuts 2 oz (55g) currants approx. 1 tablespoon chopped fresh parsley seasoning to taste Carefully slice the top of each pepper and reserve the 'lids'. Scoop out the seeds, then drop the peppers and tops into a pan of boiling water and cook for just 2 minutes. Drain and cool the shells then stand them close together in a small dish.

Put the cooked grain into a bowl. Melt the margarine and fry the onion gently for a few minutes, then stir in the pine nuts and continue cooking until they colour. Add this mixture to the grain with the currants, parsley and seasoning. Spoon some of the stuffing into each pepper, replace the lids.

Bake at 190 °C/375 °F (Gas Mark 5) for about 30 minutes or until well cooked but not dried up (cover the dish if the peppers begin to colour too soon). If liked, freeze the peppers and they will simply need to be re-heated.

(If pine nuts seem too extravagant, try adding coarsley chopped salted peanuts.)

11 The Vegan, Winter 1990

SUPPER MENU *Chick Pea Pate French Bread *Winter Salad *Coconut Cake with Apple Cream Filling CHICK PEA PATE 6 oz (170g) chick peas, soaked overnight 1 bay leaf 2 tablespoons vegetable oil 1-2 cloves garlic, peeled and crushed 1 onion, chopped 4 tablespoons peanut butter vegetable stock or tomato puree (optional) wholemeal bread crumbs (optional) seasoning to taste Drain the chick peas then drop them into a pan, cover with water, add the bay leaf, and bring to the boil. You should keep them boiling for about 10 minutes, then you can lower the heat and simmer them until soft (this can take up to an hour — longer if the chick peas are not very fresh). Drain them, remove the bay leaf, and grind the chickpeas to a thick paste.

Heat the oil and cook the garlic and onion for a few minutes, then stir into the paste.

Add the peanut butter. For a softer patd you can simply turn it into a bowl, add seasoning, and then chill this mixture. For a thicker texture add extra liquid and then bread crumbs.

A pate that is more like a loaf can be made by turning this mixture into a small lightly greased tin and baking for 20-30 minutes at 180 ° C/350 °F (Gas Mark 4). Cool it before cutting it into slices.

ibine all the salad ingredients, adding just enough dressing to moisten. If you intend to make this salad ahead of time, mix the dressing into the ingredients especially well, then cover and keep cool. The nuts would be best added just before you serve it.

COCONUT CAKE WITH APPLE CREAM FILLING l

l 2 pint (285ml) boiling water 4 oz (115g) creamed coconut, grated 2 teaspoons baking powder 12 oz (340g) wholemeal flour 6 oz (170g) raw cane sugar 2 tablespoons orange juice approx. '/4 pint (140ml) vegetable oil 2 tablespoons dessicated coconut For Apple Cream: 4 apples, peeled and grated good squeeze of lemon juice 2 oz (55g) raw cane sugar approx. V4 pint 140ml concentrated soya milk Dissolve the coconut in the hot water, then set aside to cool slightly. Meanwhile, sift together the baking powder and flour. Stir in the sugar, add the coconut and orange juice.

Add the desiccated coconut. Trickle in the oil, mixing well, to make a thick moist mixture.

Turn the mixture into a small round lightly greased cake tin, smooth the top, bake at 180°C/350°F (Gas Mark 4) for 45 minutes, or until a sharp knife inserted in the centre comes out clean. Set aside to cool.

Put all the ingredients for the apple cream into a blender and whisk to make a smooth mixture. Adjust the sweetness to taste. The cream should be soft but not too moist, so it's best to start by using less milk and then adding more as you go along.

Slice the cake across diagonally shortly before serving, and spread with cream.

In the next issue of The Vegan Janet will be answering some of your cooking queries. If you have a question please write to: Janet Hunt, Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA. Janet Hunt is author of The Caring Cook: Cruelty-Free Cooking for Beginners (Vegan Society). It is available from the Vegan Society for £1.99 plus 35p p&p.

V E G A N S M U S T BE GREEN! Kathleen Jannaway — joint coordinator of the Movement for Compassionate Living (The Vegan Way) and former Secretary of the Vegan Society — urges vegans to become truly green and to actively promote veganism's vital message for a healthy planet

£ £ Vegans must ""be greenl" The taunt flung at me some decades ago sprang from the conviction that only naive, unrealistic idealists could dream of a world without animal farming and its increasinglyly cruel practices. A well-informed, realistic assessment of the state of the planet today might shake the taunter's confidence.

It is true, sadly, that only a minority of people, at the present stage of human development, are likely to be sufficiently moved by animal suffering to change their eating habits, but the case for veganism on environmental grounds is so strong that, if properly presented, it could convince many people that a future for their children depends on going the vegan way.

Vegan activists must study, develop and spread knowledge of that case. They should turn green politically and prove to their fellow environmentalists that vegan greens are not naive but the only practical realists.

12

Trees and Global Warming Most people, in spite of the bleatings of some politicians and some industrialists who fear loss of power and loss of profits, are worried about the prospects of global warming. At present, the chief danger seems to be carcon dioxide (CC>2)belched forth from the factories

and power stations in over industrialized and industrializing societies. Global warming from this source can be checked, even reversed, by growing enough trees. Gregg Marland of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the US, hit the headlines and gained surprising support from his statement that 7 million square kilometres of new forests could absorb all the release of CO2 from the

The Vegan, Winter 1990

burning of fossil fuels (7msk is an area as big as the US minus Alaska). He further argued that proper management of existing plantations in the temperate and tropical zones, together with the doubling of the area given to forests, could return all the CO2 released from factories and power stations since the industrial revolution back into the biosphere (i.e. lock up the carbon in wood) within about 35 years!

His ideas have been taken seriously and promoted tree planting in several areas of the world, but land availability is given as the main difficulty for not being able to implement them fully. To double the world's existing forests would require giving an extra 41msk to trees. This would seem an impossibly large area but vegans could point out that of the earth's 130msk of land, 31msk are at present used unnecessarily for permanent pastures and that a large proportion of the 15msk of cropland grows feed for animals. Moreover, much of such land was once forested and would naturally regenerate once the ravages of grazing animals was stopped.

With proper research to find the right species of trees, and with proper care even the natural grasslands could grow trees. Trees are being grown even in deserts to reclaim them. But difficulties could increase if global warming is allowed to develop.

Methane Belchers Another very strong reason for checking the deliberate breeding of animals has recently come to the fore. Cattle, sheep and other ruminants belch out methane from the bacteria in their extra stomachs that deal with plant materials indigestible by humans. Methane is a gas judged to be 20-25 times as potent as a greenhouse gas as CO2 and to be building up more rapidly. Ralph Cicerone of the Atmospheric Research Centre in Colorado says that in 50 years methane could be the main greenhouse gas.

Ruminant animals are one of the main sources of methane. A typical cow can belch out 200 litres daily. Between 1960 and 1980 cattle numbers throughout the world are estimated to have doubled.

Moreover, James Lovelock who was recently awarded a CBE for his work on atmospheric gases, and Blake and Rowland of the University of California, have said that methane rises to the stratosphere and promotes chemical reactions that accelerate the release of chlorine from CFCs and thus quicken the frightening ozone layer damage.

These facts alone could justify vegans in their campaigns to phase out dairy fanning and the cruel practices inseparable from it.

Environmental Health There are other vitally important reasons for giving as much land as possible to trees. When in the process of photosynthesis, trees (and all green plants) take in CO2 from the air and store the carbon in their tissues, they release the oxygen which all animals need to use in respiration to release energy from the food they eat.

Trees maintain water levels and so help to keep the worryingly diminishing supplies available for use. They partly control the water cycle: they increase rainfall and check both flood and drought. They protect the vital and

Trees could yield products to meet nearly all human needs diminishing top soil from erosion by wind and by water. Their deep searching roots bring up minerals and trace elements and thus increase the nutrient value of the soil.

Innumerable Tree Products At the same time as they perform the previously mentioned vital functions, trees could yield products to meet nearly all human needs, sustainably and locally in most habitable areas of the world.

Timber is used for an immense variety of constructive purposes. 'Waste' wood from the trees felled can be used to produce textiles, paper, plastics and synthetics of many kinds. Many chemicals, dyes, resins, medicines . . . can be got from trees.

Trees For Energy Wood is still the fuel for the majority of the world's people. It can be indefinitely renewable if planting is done efficiently.

It is available locally in most areas, unlike the dangerously contentious oil.

Efficient stoves and devices now exist to largely reduce waste and pollution. It is beginning to be widely used to produce electricity, gas and liquid fuel. The individual trees when used produce no more CO2 than they originally took in. Forest units efficiently kept replanted are a permanent sink for CO2.

Trees For Food

the staple of most people before the animal exploiters and cereal growers took over. It has recently been discovered that a native Australian wattle tree yields far more protein per acre than the environmentally destructive sheep that replaced them.

The oak that once covered much of the UK is a 'com tree'. Acorns can easily be cleared of their bitter tannin and

Oaks and hazels should be restored to the Welsh hills to check erosion used as a nutritious cereal substitute in many recipes: cakes, bread, nut roasts...

Oaks and hazels should be restored to the Welsh hills to check erosion, absorb CO2 and produce food for our children.

We must conserve our oak, beech and hazel areas and grow more for a food for the future.

A New Forest Culture Only the essential understanding and will prevents the adequate implementation of these ideas and the bringing in of a new age based on the bounty of the forest. Most humans are locked in false inhibiting concepts: they believe that animal products are necessary for health.

The opposite is true, animals yield nothing, not even fertilizer for the soil, that cannot be got more efficiently from plants. On the contrary, the second population of deliberately bred animals competes with the human for plant foods and vital diminishing resources of land, water, energy, research skills . . . Their increasingly cruel exploitation threatens just retribution.

Vegans prompted by disinterested compassion have demonstrated the validity of the vegan way to individual human health. Can they now learn, and teach, that veganism is equally vital for the health of the planet? Can omnivorous humans be freed from the habits and thought patterns of millennia? Can vegans free themselves from the false values and practices of the consumer society and turn 'green'?

Envelope Sticker One pence per sticker + SAE from: Movement for Compassionate Living, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead,

Besides delicious, health promoting fruits, trees produce an amazing variety of nuts and beans. They can yield far greater quantities of concentrated protein and carbohydrates per acre than cereals and animal products. They once formed

NOT

1 13 The Vegan, Winter 1990

,

Sendstarnps^^^^^

Shoparound Amanda Rofe surveys the latest vegan products from sun ripened Italian organic tomatoes — nothing else.

Frustrating There's nothing more frustrating than going into a supermarket and not being able to find a vegan margarine! At least if you happen to be in a Tesco store you'll be able to buy its own label Soya Margarine.

Veeze Returns Plamil's Veeze makes a welcome return in recyclable glass jar. Choose from No Added Flavour or Garlic varieties. ausages are just one of two new products from Waterfall Vegetarian Foods. Described as a "posh sausage" it is made from chopped soya beans and is suitable for frying, boiling, microwaving and barbecuing — which makes it quite adaptable.

Also from Waterfall — Soya Burgers, in four varieties: Savoury, Herb, Herb & Garlic, and Chilli.

P

Haldane Foods, under the Direct Foods label, announces the arrival of Wflole Meal Instant Meals in three varieties: Spicy Vegetable Curry, Mushroom Supreme and Savoury Tomato — each with its own sachet of sauce. Each pot is sealed with foil and only needs boiling water added to make a delicious and quick hot meal.

Haldane's savoury bake range has a new addition — Mushroom Bake. Unlike other vegetable bakes it contains no lentils or nuts and is believed to be the first such product on the market.

Sharwoods Microwave Vegetable Biryani is worth a try, along with two Sainsbury Simply Heat and Serve products: Vegetable Dhansak and Vegetable Chilli.

Doves Farm's Tomato Pur6e and Passata Pomodoro are made

14

With Xmas in Mind . . .

Just in time for the festive frolics and New Year parties Lincoln Green Organic Lager puts in a timely appearance. Available from specialist wine and organic food shops — as well as many branches of Asda, Morrisons, Safeway, Sainsbury, Tesco and Co-ops (in Scotland), Lincoln Green uses gravity settlement rather than isinglass finings to clarify its beer (thanks to German Purity Law regulations).

Sainsbury's Party Sticks & Pretzels are savoury biscuits that are ideal for parties, snacks and buffets. For those with a sweet bent Equisite Confections offers Sugar Free Chocolate and Swiss Truffles.

For some reason there is a veritable array of mincemeats around this year. Robertsons Luxury Mincemeat labelled 'Suitable for Vegetarians' is also 'Suitable for Vegans'. Sainsbury Special Recipe Mincemeat looks appetizing but beware of Sainsbury Vegetarian Wholemeal Christmas Pudding which contains cider fined with an animal product. However, both Sainsbury Alcohol-Free Christmas Pudding and Marzipan Almond Icing pass the vegan test. If you have a Gateway store within reach you should be able

to track down a jar of Copperfields Traditional Mincemeat — I've emptied a couple of jars already! Your local health/wholefood shop should be able to supply you with Granose Vegetarian Christmas Pudding, Luxury Vegetarian Fruit Cake and Mincemeat. Last year Granose Mincemeat contained honey but vegan consumer power has triumphed again!

Well done Granose — other companies take note. Not to be outdone Meridian also offers a Vegetarian Marzipan and Mincemeat. Finally — and I promise this is the last time 'mincemeat' shall pass my keyboard — Petty, Wood & Co. under the Epicure label also boasts a Vegetarian Mincemeat.

Phew!

Biscuits to Tempt Doves Farm has launched three new biscuits: Peanut Cookies — containing crunchy, nutty, organic peanuts and organic wholemeal flour, Chocolate Chip Cookies — a cookie style biscuit with a light, crunchy texture made from organic wholemeal flour, organic oats and scrummy chocolate chips; and Crisp Savoury Crackers made with organic wholemeal flour, water and sea salt — great with Scheese! Talking of Scheese, Green Dragon Animal-Free Foods has added Cheshire style to the range — with the promise of more to follow.

Body Beautiful New products from Martha Hill include Coconut Conditioning Shampoo — a frequent use shampoo and conditioner, Seaweed Leg Gel — a cool, refreshing gel to tone and revive, and Total Zinc Block — a complete sunblock with added carotene and wheatgerm to moisturize and protect. The latter is a thick paste and is ideal for winter or water sports enthusiasts. The company provides a mail order service. Details:

Bodyline presents the Cool Musk range which includes (along with the existing Soap, Perfume and Perfume Oil) a Body Lotion, Bubble Bath, Shampoo and Conditioner; and a Coconut range comprising a Shampoo, Conditioner, Body Milk and Perfume Oil.

I'm most impressed with Rock's Country Cordials non-alcoholic Elderflower, Elderberrry and Mint range. Organically grown on the company's own farm, the cordials are based on concentrated pure fruit juices and plant extracts. Ask for them at your nearest health/wholefood establishment.

Although I'm not particularly fond of perfumes I found Dolma's Sonata lovely to wear.

For details of this and other products contact Dolma at: 19 Royce Avenue, Hucknall, Nottingam NG15 6FU. Tel. 0602 634 237.

Larkhall Natural Health's Cantassium Nutrient Hair Conditioner is a herbal hair care product suitable for all hair types.

Two aromatherapy blends specifically designed for premenstrual use, Pre M Tonic Bath Oil and Pre M Tonic Massage Oil appear, rather appropriately, under the Natural Flow label. In addition, Pre M Tonic Bath Oil contains only organic essential oils and is particularly useful for maintaining the balance of the body's fluid levels. Details: Natural Flow, Green Farm Nutrition Centre, Burwash Common, East Sussex TNI9 7LX. Tel. 0435 882180.

More on Boots

Around the House

In the Spring 1990 Noticeboard it was reported correctly that Footsure Eastern Ltd distributes an All Synthetic Chemical Boot. However, it wasn't mentioned that the boot has steel toe caps which probably makes it the only non-leather safety boot in the UK. A pair costs around £11.00. Details: Footsure, Goddard Road East, Whitehouse Industrial Estate, Ipswich IP1 5NP. Tel. 0473 240094.

Safeway's much publicized Ecologic range of household products is, as you might have already guessed, environmentfriendly. The Washing Up Liquid, Thick Bleach, and Fabric Conditioner all conform to vegan standards. The remainder of the range comprises unbleached recycled kitchen towels, recycled toilet tissue, and photodegradable Swing Bin Liners, Dust Bin Liners and Pedal Bin Liners.

Thirst Quenchers

The Vegan, Winter 1990

COUNTRYSPORTS - JUST ANOTHER NAME FOR MURDER?

YOUNG VEGANS

c

ountrysports is another name for bloodsports.

As well as hunting with hounds — angling, shooting and harecoursing are also known as bloodsports. These are all carried out quite legally in this country.

Other bloodsports carried out (illegally) include badgerbaiting, cockfighting and dogfighting.

This issue discusses hunting with hounds and angling. If you want more information about any of the other bloodsports mentioned contact the organizations listed at the end of this page.

Hunting With Hounds Hunting with hounds is carried out in one form or another throughout the entire year— ' minkhunting during the summer and cubhunting, foxhunting, harehunting and stag/deerhunting during the rest of the year.

Those supporting hunting say they do so because the animals hunted are a pest to farmers, it is something they enjoy doing, it is traditional, it is good exercise for the horses, and it is one way of preserving the countryside. A 15 The Vegan, Winter 1990

significant number of farmers disagree with hunting and say, for example, that foxes are an integral part of the environment and are vital for controlling rabbits, rats, mice and voles.

however, keep a record of sheep killed by dogs! Studies have shown that foxes usually take sheep and lambs which are already dead.

Angling

Foxes are often accused of the widespread slaughter of chickens but most chickens are kept in intensive factory farms with no access to the open air and people who keep chickens in small numbers should easily be able to protect them in large pens (not that it's necessary to keep chickens anyway!) Foxes are accused also of killing large numbers of lambs and sheep each year but the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) doesn't even keep a record of sheep killed by foxes. It does,

Angling may be defined as the taking, or attempting to take, fish by rod, line and hook.

The most popular branch of this 'sport' is coarse or freshwater fishing; the other types are sea fishing and game fishing.

Coarse fishing is this country's largest participant 'sport' and is carried out mainly for fun because freshwater fish are largely inedible (they taste 'muddy' and are full of bones). They are usually returned to the water.

Sea angling is carried out on the coastline itself or from boats out at sea. It is unusual for sea anglers to return their quarry to the sea since most sea fish are edible.

Game fishers try to catch salmon, sea trout, rainbow trout and grayling. Some of these fish are specially bred on fish farms to top up the stock at fisheries.

Owners of fish farms or hatcheries sometimes try to protect their stock by destroying other fish and fish-eating birds, such as herons .

Shark fishing is a particularly barbaric form of game fishing.

Sharks suffer dreadfully at the hands of shark fishers and they will vomit up everything including their stomachs to rid themselves of the hook causing them pain.

Pain Most people find it easy to understand that foxes, rabbits and other 'cuddly' mammals feel pain but it is more difficult to believe a 'cold' fish can suffer.

Indeed, one reason why angling continues to thrive is because anglers encourage us to believe that fish do not feel pain. Can

you imagine what would happen if people went around saying that cats do not feel pain and practised hooking them — just for fun? There would be a nationwide outciy and an immediate ban!

Cats and fish are not all that different. Among all vertebrate animals (those with backbones) there are patterns of behaviour that appear similar to those of humans known to be suffering pain. In other words, mammals, fish, birds, reptiles etc. react similarly when, for example, sharp pressure is applied — they will shudder, sometimes squeal and try to escape. Pain teaches vertebrates to avoid what is harmful to them and so is necessary for survival.

Biologically, humans are surprisingly similar to fish — both have a brain, a nervous system and sensory organs — e.g. eyes and ears.

One day the taking of fish from the water will be regarded in much the same way as foxhunting is looked upon today.

Amanda Rofe

Useful Addresses • Fox Cubs, PO Box 1, Carlton, Nottingham NG4 2JY. (Fox Cubs is a branch of the Hunt Saboteurs Association for children aged 7-14 who would like to join but are too young to go out 'sabbing') • Campaign for the Abolition of Angling, PO Box 130, Sevenoaks, Kent TN14 5NR. • League Against Cruel Sports, 83-87 Union Street, London SE1 1SG. Tel. 071 407 0979.

Why

egan?'

JACK S T R O N G P O N D E R S T H E PROMOTION OF T H E VEGAN E T H I C IN A CLIMATE OF INCREASING POPULAR AWARENESS

M

ost vegans living in nonvegan communities probably find themselves as I do, forever answering this question. This is hardly surprising since, constituting only a very small proportion of the population, we are still something of an oddity in many circles (complete weirdos in some !)

To somebody who is vegan for 'animal rights' reasons it may seem a strange question — once the facts are known, the reasons seem startlingly obvious. So if, after going through the facts and arguments, we still have failed to convince, what remains?

The 60% or so of vegans who are vegan for 'animal rights' reasons have more interest in answering this question well, than do other groups. After all, unlike those who are vegan for health reasons, the interest we espouse cannot be served«rfully by personal veganism alone, only by veganism on a large scale, so proselytism is in order.

Even so, answering the same question repeatedly, often with the same negative response, can be tiring and demoralizing.

Talking of the True Passions involved in

Their strongest emotions are reserved for scratches in car paintwork the issue to people whose comfortable lifestyles, combined with lack of sympathy, seem to mean that their strongest emotions are reserved for scratches in car paintwork etc., can be frustrating.

Cold Logic If the facts don't speak for themselves, 16

we could (and usually do) present them within the structure of some kind of logical argument — something like that used in the 'Compassion in Life' (CIL) leaflet: "Animal produce requires great misery; we can all do (better) without animal produce; surely it's wrong to be the cause of avoidable ill: Therefore any non-vegan course is wrong — a nonvegan diet is purely a matter of taste, and is tantamount to killing for pleasure."

One advantage of such cold logical argument is that it makes mincemeat [sorry] of the often perceived distinction between the licentious motivations, say of a huntsman, and the somewhat mystical justification of one who would 'kill for food' — i.e. in both cases the killing is unnecessary and solely for pleasure, and both are equally abominable in that sense.

However, even when the horrible facts are set in the framework of such a logical argument, they are unlikely to persuade the unsympathetic to change their lifestyles.

You can lead a non-vegan through all the facts and arguments, but you cannot make him/her think. To say, as does the CIL leaflet, "take a moment of your

All too often often our message is received with the depth of feeling appropriate to an insurance policy sophisticated life to consider the harsh realities of the simpler ones" is to form" an emotional message out of words — to put it in the same form as an insurance policy or credit agreement, and all too often our message is received with the

depth of feeling appropriate to an insurance policy.

Another approach is to emphasize other aspects of the vegan argument, e.g. health — after all, it is clearly better for people to be selfish vegans than selfish non-vegans. The healthiness of the vegan diet is the second most popular reason for its adoption, so this argument does stand some chance of success.

Popular Morality We have something else on our side — the increased rate of change of popular morality, of which veganism and the green movement etc. are a part. The increased popular awareness regarding 'the rest' of the world's population and its needs (i.e. the third world) means that the vegan position on this issue is high in 'street cred'. While some people will readily tell you they don't give a

Yet more popular credibility comes our way with the political advance and increased trendiness of the green movement sausage about the well-being of animals, fewer will admit the same attitude to humans.

Yet more popular credibility comes our way with the political advance and increased trendiness of the green movement. I wonder how many of the people who will now concede the ecological point to veganism were the same ones who used to smile patronizingly and look with pathos at anybody concerned with the effects of massive deforrestation and pollution resulting from the demands of the animal industries?

Ends and Means It may seem sad that if, in reaching our ends, we are forced to depend upon the whimsical changeability of popular issues, but it is our ends and not our means to them that are important. If a move towards veganism occurs due to a drift in public opinion towards things not connected with our reasons for veganism, so be it.

From an 'animal rights' standpoint, it makes no difference why people are vegan, merely that they are. So everything serving to popularize veganism is to be seen as a good thing. If this is true, then the time is ripe for us to make good and full our answer to the question "Why vegan?"

The Vegan, Winter 1990

100% vegetable margarine Now Becoming Available in your local supermarket 17 The Vegan, Winter 1990

SOCIETY

1991 CALENDAR Promotes a way of life entirely free of animal produce for the benefit of humans, animals and the environment

February

January Mon

7 14 8 15 Wed 2 9 16 Thu 3 10 17 Fri 4 i i 18 Sat 5 12 19 Sun 6 13 20 Tue

i

21 28 22 29

Mon

23 30 24 3i 25

Wed Thu

26

Sat Sun

27

Tue Fri

4 I I 18 5 12 19 6 13 20 7 14 21 I 8 15 22 2 9 16 23 3 io 17 24

March 25 26

27 28

Mon Tue Wed Thu

Fri Sat Sun

4 ii 5 12 6 13 7 14 i 8 15 2 9 16 3 10 17

18 25 19 26 20 27 21 28

22 29 23 30 24 31

September 12 19 26 13 20 27 14 21 28

8 15 22 29 9 16 23 30

10 17 24 31 11 18 25

9

16

23

3

10

17

24

18

25

4 II

12

5 6 13

Sat

Sun

2

1

7

14

8

15

30

26 20 27 21 28 22 29 19

November

October Mon 7 14 Tue 1 8 15 Wed 2 16 Thu 10 17 Fri 11 18 12 19 13 20

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

28 29 30 31

Mon Tue

Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

4 11 18 5 12 19 6 13 20 7 14 21 1 8 15 22 2 9 16 23 3 10 17 24

25

26 27

28 29 30

December Mon Tue

2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31

r

ÂŁ5.95

plus 75p

p&p

C

iting more than 180 references in its 121 pages, Vegan Nutrition is the most comprehensive survey ever undertaken of scientific research on vegan diets. This invaluable publication will appeal to vegans, vegetarians and other would-be vegans, as well as nutritionists, researchers, dieticians, general practitioners, and community health workers.

Includes summaries of main sections, highlighted major points, information on all essential nutrients and their availability in vegan diets, easy-to-use tables of food sources of key nutrients, and a detailed index.

Orders to: The Vegan Society (Merchandise), 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex T N 3 7 7AA.

Š VmrtKctiEK

NONSENSE.'

A VECrAN DIET.

20

il.

NOW MEGAN,SAVE IT FOR. LATER! LET'S HAYE fir PEACEFUL CHWSMAS D/NN0?!

The Vegan, Winter 1990

Postbag Contributions to Postbag are welcomed, but accepted on the understanding that they may be edited in the interests of brevity or clarity.

Send your letters to: The Editor, THE VEGAN, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA.

'Empty Calories' I write with reference to your article 'KEYnotes on Nutrition — Choosing a Good Vegan Diet* (Autumn 1990 Vegan).

The term "empty calories" is not recognized in scientific circles. A calorie is a calorie whatever food it originates from and is a measure of the energy value of the food. Consequently, to imply some foods are empty calories is equally a nonsense.

Sugar provides energy, sweetness and palatability to the diet as well as other functionalities.

For example it is a natural preservative. Most importantly, it makes many nutritious and unpalatable foods easy to eat — for example grapefruit, rhubarb and high fibre breakfast cereals.

Sugar is rarely eaten alone and there is no evidence to suggest that it displaces other nutrients.

Furthermore, a recent survey has demonstrated that vegetarians tend to be high sugar consumers whilst maintaining a very healthy lifestyle. Therefore, by suggesting a reduction in consumption you may be at risk of upsetting a diet which is balanced and enjoyable.

• Dr Janice I Harland, Director, The Sugar Bureau, London Dr Tim Key replies: As I wrote in the Autumn Vegan, the term

21 The Vegan, Winter 1990

"empty calorie" decribes foods which supply plenty of energy (calories) but negligible amounts of other nutrients. This term certainly is used by scientists —for example, in his ABC of Nutrition Professor Truswell writes that "snacks tend to be high in empty calories —fat, alcohol and sugar", and that the elderly should "avoid too much sugar because of the empty calories". Similarly, the textbook Human Nutrition and Dietetics states that "sugar . . . tends to displace other more nutritious foods from the diet".

This is obvious to anyone who has ever eaten a bar of chocolate before dinner.

Having said this, I am not trying to tell people they should never eat any sugar, fat or alcohol. Most of us enjoy these foods, but it is important to understand that they are poor in nutrients and should comprise only a small part of our diet.

Offensive I found Noel Sweeney's 'Animalkind and Human Cruelty' (Autumn 1990 Vegan) to be a very good piece of writing until the last column, and then was baffled and then very angry that whilst initially giving a clear socio-political analysis of human cruelty in relation to ani-

mal cruelty, he then completely loses integrity by using the word "nigger".

This term is notably derogatory and insulting. However, to say that John Lennon was "vilified for singing Woman is the Nigger of the World" in order to explain a non-discriminatory stance (which was what Lennon meant), and then to say that Lennon was only half right, is a male justification.

To my amazement in the next sentence Noel Sweeney corrects Lennon by saying: "Animals are the women and the niggers of the world." To use the terms "nigger" and "women" in this context is not only racist but also sexist.

As a black woman I found it offensive.

• Ashra Burman, Milton Keynes Racism is evil because it devalues and prejudges people without a valid cause. Black people and Jews who oppose it but do not support animal rights fail to understand the nature of and reason for racism.

Sexism is base as it discriminates against humans purely as a matter of biology. Women who oppose it but do not support animal rights fail to understand the base of and need for feminism.

Animals and Cruelty and Law, Noel Sweeney.

Praise It affords a deep satisfaction to this family to hear the new style Vegan magazine drop through the letterbox. It is brighter, innovative; it breathes vitality and enthusiasm. There are so many subjects to read — which to choose first?

Amanda Rofe's 'Shoparound' is a cornucopia for vegans, though, alas — very little of her goodies are available up here.

However, it is a wealth of information for those more fortunate.

To everyone who is involved with this new format, thank you, it is appreciated. The present Vegan is a first class, informative periodical.

May the Society now go from strength to strength.

• Isobel Cowan, Berwick-uponTweed

'Size' On page 13 of the Autumn 1990 Vegan mention is made of Recycled Paper Making by Pat Brown. It was also mentioned on page 6 of The Vegetarian (Sept/Oct 1990). The Vegetarian contained four sketches, the second of which showed 'size' being added to a bowl.

'Size' is a gelatinous/glutinous substance which could be made from gelatine. Gelatine is a by-product made from skin, tendons, ligaments and bones and is completely unnacceptable to all vegans and most vegetarians.

• D B Slack, Derbyshire Ed. If any readers know of suppliers of non-gelatine 'size' please send details to the office.

Note. The Autumn 1990 Postbag included a letter from Dawn Collins, London. It would appear that there are two (at least) Dawn Collins living in London! The Dawn Collins residing in the N5 postcode area wishes to make it clear that she is not the author of the letter and does not agree with the sentiments expressed within it.

THEIR VALUE AND USE IN THE VEGAN DIET PART 1

I

n recent years the use of herbs in cooking generally has been sadly neglected. Now, fortunately, their value is becoming more evident, particularly in the vegan diet. The addition of herbs to vegan cooking ensures a supply of vitamins and, together with their flavour and healing properties, it can be argued that they are virtually indispensible.

Many herbs are grown for their fragrance and medicinal properties but probably the vast majority are grown for their culinary uses — flavouring and garnishing our food. If you are new to veganism the imaginative use of herbs will make sure that your diet will never be dull.

Health Herbs offer their own benefits towards health in that they aid digestion and can help in the replacement of sugar and salt in our diets. Many are full of vitamins and minerals and can be used, through diet, in a medicinal capacity.

Digestion relies on a steady flow of saliva and gastric juices and these are encouraged by the lovely aroma and flavour of certain herbs. They also contain essential substances and oils that help in the process of digestion.

If you are trying to cut down on your salt and sugar intake then herbs are a superb substitute. As an alternative to salt try using basil, chevril, thyme, marjoram or oregano. Replace sugar

For the best effect fresh herbs should be used with cicely, angelica, lemon balm or lemon thyme.

Use For the best effect fresh herbs should be used. If dry herbs are used then only half 22

the quantity is necessary as drying intensifies a herb's flavour. In any case, whether fresh of dry herbs are used, as their purpose is to enhance the flavour of ingredients and not to overpower them they should be used sparingly.

As an approximate guide when following recipes that serve four people use half a level teaspoonful of strong herbs or one level teaspoonful of mild ones.

When a recipe suggests a 'pinch' then use a quarter of a level teaspoonful.

These amounts are for dry herbs — so double the quantity when using fresh ones.

Try not to combine too many flavours in any one dish. Begin with one or two herbs and then use them according to your own individual taste.

The flavour of a herb is at its strongest just before it flowers When used with understanding and sensitivity herbs can give a focal point to most dishes without in any way detracting from the taste of the other ingredients. A particular herb's own character will merge with a specific flavour of the food that it is added to. By experimenting you will quickly find out which herbs you prefer and which ones blend with your favourite dishes.

Herbs should be stored in a cool place away from direct sunlight in order to preserve their flavour and colour. Keep them in screw top jars or containers so that they stay dry and aromatic.

As a general rule herbs should be added to loaves and nut roasts during the mixing process and to vegetables during cooking. They can be used as a garnish — sprinkled over vegetables — chives or parsley are ideal for this purpose. For uncooked dishes add the herbs well in advance to allow the flavours to mellow before serving. For soups the herbs are added just prior to serving so that the flavour and vitamin content is not destroyed with the prolonged boiling.

Preserving Herbs Although the use of fresh herbs is preferable this is not always possible. In order to have a supply of herbs all the year round they have to be preserved.

There are two simple ways of doing this — drying and freezing.

The flavour of a herb is at its strongest just before it flowers and so this is the ideal time to pick the herb for preserving. Choose a warm, dry day — in the morning when the dew has gone before the sun gets hot (the sun will begin to draw out the natural oils of the herb). Handling the leaves gently they can be spread on a tray in a single layer and placed in a greenhouse for a couple of days or any warm, dry place such as an airing cupboard or the warmer drawer of a cooker. Alternatively they can be hung up in bunches in a warm room.

When the herbs are dry leaves should be stripped from the stalks and crushed with a pestle and mortar for storing as previously described.

You may find the freezing method preferable. In this case chop the freshly picked herbs with a herb chopper or a sharp knife and pack them into ice cube trays. Add a few drops of water to hold them together and freeze in the usual way. They can either be left in the trays when they are frozen or turned out and put into polythene bags, tied firmly, labelled and stored in the freezer. Frozen herbs can be used by dropping them straight into hot dishes or they may be thawed out for cold and uncooked dishes. By freezing herbs in this way their flavour is not concentrated and so the same quantity as fresh herbs should be used.

In the Kitchen Herbs are at their best in the light, wholesome dishes that the vegan diet offers. They can be used to great advanThe Vegan, Winter 1990

tage in both cooked and uncooked dishes.

Herb stock is very useful as a tasty base for sauces and soups. It can be prepared by selecting the herb of your choice and bringing this to the boil with a small amount of water. After boiling cover and allow to stand for half an hour.

Strain and use the stock as the base for a light soup or thicken the stock with soya flour, tofti or tomato puree and add fresh herbs of your choice for a herb sauce.

Pastry can be made a little more exciting by incorporating herbs in either the pastry mix or in the filling. Similarly plain scone dough can be seasoned with basil and either summer savoury or chopped chives. The result can be an adventure for your taste buds.

Vinegar and oils are brought to life by adding a few sprigs of your chosen herb, or a mixture, to the bottle. Leave this for about two weeks shaking daily so that the herb's flavour can blend with the oil or vinegar. Try any of the following herbs in this way: basil, bay, garlic, marjoram, tarragon, thyme.

Herbs may be added to your favourite margarine for extra flavouring. Simply pound together or mix in a blender 3 oz of margarine and 3 tablespoons of herbs.

Lemon juice is added to taste but this is optional. Herb margarine is really good for those special occasions.

Vegetables can be 'livened up' Vegetables can be 'livened up' by the creative use of herbs. Chives make all the difference to boiled, mashed or baked potatoes. After cooking carrots fry them in a little oil or margarine with thyme or dill. Sprinkle layered tomatoes with basil, parsley and chives and serve them cold, or dot with margarine and bake covered until cooked for a hot dish.

Both the taste and appearance of salads can be improved with herbs. Try a pasta salad, 4 oz of cooked pasta shells with sweetcom and green pepper mixed with V2 teaspoon of corriander and V2 teaspoon of turmeric.

Herbal Teas Many people believe strongly in the medicinal qualities of herbal teas. Whilst I cannot comment here upon their healing properties I can say that many of them taste particularly good and suggest that you try several of your favourite herbs.

They can be drunk hot or cold (iced) and either with or without sugar and lemon. Try the following herbs: peppermint, lemon balm, rosehip, sage, thyme, 23 The Vegan, Winter 1990

chamomile, elderflower. Pour boiling water over the herb — 3 fresh tablespoons or 1 dried tablespoon to V2 pint of water. Steep for about 10 minutes to extract the active ingredients, strain and serve. Whether herbal tea will sustain life, restore health or enhance sleep is for you to decide but one thing it is sure to do is to encourage conversation — espe-

cially if you have grown and created your own blend.

Janet Lyle

In part two the value of cooking with herbs will be concluded with a list of the more popular herbs and their culinary uses in the vegan diet.

Reviews

Fettered Kingdoms John Bryant Fox Press £4.90 Pbk, 92pp If you didn't read Fettered Kingdoms first time around (1982), now's your big chance.

It's one of the unsung groundbreakers; by no means perfect, but dirty-hands honest.

Minor sentimentality and anthropomorphic tendencies aside, the arguments are hard-hat material. Indeed, the author is brave enough to cut through rough territory with answers to upset those who haven't thought of the questions. Talking about zoos he asks, "And if efforts to protect the animal in its natural home have failed, and a reasonable life in captivity cannot be provided — what then?" This warts and all account offers a veteran's answer to such thornies.

Although the author's purpose — "to explain the difference between the 'animal welfare' philosophy and that of 'animal rights', and thereby perhaps help some 'welfarists' move a little more quickly along the path to 'rights'" — is not clearly expressed until page 59, the mist will have cleared long before then, in time to tackle perhaps the richest chapter, on hunting and shooting (the author is the League Against Cruel Sports Wildlife Officer), and to witness the legitimate attack on angling's mob-morality. Nor will horseriders, pet-lovers and 'conservationists' find comfort here.

Unfortunately, the no-nonsense approach hasn't been extended to the editing/printing which has accepted inconsistent running heads, off-centre pasteups (hopefully in my copy only), 24

a final chapter in a reduced font size, a misnumbered contents listing and, yes, "Ghandi"!

A rewritten Epilogue, expanding to replace the earlier Animal Rights Movement chapter, adds eight extra pages, but many retained references scattered throughout the slim volume are somewhat dated now (some need dates) and others, e.g. the description of cattle slaughter; numbers of animals used in experiments, still need tightening up. In fact most of the book remains untouched, with major changes only noticeable in the Epilogue where — previous readers be alerted — opinions on the RSPCA, welfarists, and violence are radically revised and guaranteed to delight or dismay.

Scrutinize! A milestone in the heart-shaking, head-nodding pilgrim's progress.

• Barry Kew Available from the Vegan Society for £5.65 (p&p incl.)

BLOOD POISON

VACCINATION EXPLAINED

Blood Poison — Vaccination Explained Patrick Rattigan Self-published Two for £1.25 (p&p incl.)* Booklet, 20pp My brain read it as "OK plebs its time for your injections", what the Radio Four announcer had actually said was that health education officials urged people to immunize themselves as there could be serious disease epidemics in the future. No mention of the diseases, or why? Perhaps they mentioned that later.

So I remembered the booklet, about 20 pages and easily read in half an hour, graphically entitled Blood Poison and re-read it.

It's a horror story reinforcing my worst fears, the ones that

make you realize that individually there is very little you can do to affect the relentless herding and manipulation of millions of humans and non-humans by multinational corporations, cynically exploiting our weakness, fear,,and credibility for profit.

Vaccination Explained the booklet is subtitled. Well unfortunately it didn't explain very well what vaccinations are or how they are supposed to work, and to be honest I am a bit thick in that department. All I remember is being told to wait in a queue at school on various occasions and being stabbed in my arm. Once I had a sugar lump with something on it. I didn't want it, don't get me wrong, but what can you do when you are young and isolated — one at a time in the medical room next to the headmaster's study?

Patrick Rattigan runs through statistics from various sources, showing that the diseases were in decline as vaccination started and increased with dire consequences as the vaccination levels increased. The graphs show this quite well, but in one or two cases the vertical scales are omitted which is a bit unfortunate.

The next section is a reproduction of quotes and references, with little other text, showing that vaccines are the worst thing in the history of the universe for human health, destroying the body's immune system and leaving it open to every conceivable disease. Gulp! My mind flashed back to the sanitary corridor in my old school.

Towards the end of the book, a few horrific case studies are referred to, of children suffering from the after effects of vaccinations against polio, whooping cough, measles etc. These are accompanied by photographs of the children.

Tossed in on page 14 is a photograph of a distress sale in 1907 to recover fines from people who refused to be immunized. Little is mentioned about the Anti Vaccination League in the booklet but there was a big movement against compulsory vaccination in the early part of this century in Britain. The father of a friend of mine was sent down twice for refusing to have his daughter vaccinated and went on hunger strike whilst inside.

There is little mention of animal tests in the booklet although they are referred to, however I think that the author is assuming a certain knowledge on behalf of the reader.

On the whole, the booklet is essential reading, very much in the Reusch style, in fact a lot of it I suspect is from his books

Naked Empress and Slaughter of the Innocent, also important reading (for more in-depth analysis). I say essential reading because as far as I know no one else is really campaigning against vaccinations. The book is not well designed and could have done with more resourcing in terms of visual presentation and headings. No reflection on the author here, most campaigning dosh is well sown up elsewhere.

The photographs are useless as photocopying rarely works well and some of the dialogue, particularity relating to the conspiratorial nature of the drug companies is a bit flowery.

The booklet is not, I fear, going to galvanize the thoughts of millions of people, it is just not accesible enough, but it has a lot of useful, mind boggling info, in it for other campaigners to use. Thought provoking, sinister and dead cheap as well.

• Karen Elliot *

Health With Humanity (Ed) Steve Mclvor BUAV £3.95 Pbk, 80pp This booklet of material consists of seven chapters from five contributors and, probably for that reason, suffers a little from duplication; similar references to the German scientist Robert Koch being given in different chapters.

Of far more concern are statements such as the last sentence of the second paragraph in the right hand column of page 27, where Chris Fisher states: "Claims about the importance of animal experimentation can at best be considered as highly dubious."

The testimony appears to infer that there may be some value, however small, in animal experi-

The Vegan, Winter 1990

mentation, whereas, on page 15, Sir George Pickering, former Regus Professor of Medicine at Oxford University, is quite unequivocal in his assessment of the value of animal experimentation by saying: "The idea, as I understand it, is that fundamental truths are revealed in laboratory experimentation on lower animals and are then applied to the sick patient. Having myself trained as a physiologist, I feel in a way competent to assess such a claim. It is plain nonsense." I am sure that Chris meant no such conclusion to be drawn and the statement is all the more unfortunate for that reason.

I found the chapter on the development of vivisection, by Andrew Powell, to be very interesting. This potted history of vivisection in Great Britain covered only twelve pages and yet appeared to be quite comprehensive.

The chapter dealing with the prevention of disease, by Chris, was equally absorbing; taking the reader through the annals of the actual reasons for the eradication and further prevention of common disease in GB, as opposed to the fanciful claims of the vivisectors.

Chapter four, by Robert Sharpe, exposes the practices of using animals in medical research and for safety testing as being of virtually no value. My concern with this chapter is that the facts of the matter were perhaps insufficiently emphasized.

'The Impact of Vivisection on Healthcare', by Robert, itemized many of the tragedies caused by using animals in medical research very clearly and I found the whole chapter to be of interest.

I always have problems with the expression 'alternatives to animal experiments' — the chapter by Gill Langley — as it implies a choice of similar courses of action. In other words replacing one disastrously unsuccessful process with another of equal incompetence, whereas the reality is that, for instance, the grants made by the NAVS (Lord Dowding Fund) for many varied projects involving non-animal research appear to have all proved very successful.

I recommend the book to committed abolitionists as it contains many useful facts. For what it's worth my own contention is that fear and greed are the fundamental motivators that will eventually encourage the average adult against vivisection, in much the same manner that they are turning, in various degrees, towards vegetarianism now.

Unfortunately Health With 25 The Vegan, Winter 1990

Humanity is a little too mild in overall approach to arouse either of these apprehensions in this section of die community.

• Mike Nunn

TRUST FOR THE PROTECTION Of REFITLtS

Captivity usually causes stress which can be seen clearly in changes in their behaviour. And because of their lower intelligence they cannot adapt, so stress continues day after day.

Mr Warwick describes the horribly cruel trade in sea turtles for food and fashion, the trade in small box turtles and tortoises for pets and of course the trade in

Reviewers

Bill Jordan is Chairman of

Karen Elliot is a name which

Care for the Wild Barry Kew is former General Secretary of the Vegan Society/Editor of The Vegan, and editor of the forthcoming Pocketbook of Animal Facts & Figures UK (Green Print)

refers to an individual human being who can be anyone. The name is fixed, the people using it aren't. The purpose of many different people using the same name is to create a situation in which no one in particular is responsible and to practically examine western philosophical notions on identity, individuality, originality, value and truth

Reptiles — Misunderstood, Mistreated and Mass-Marketed Clifford Warwick Trust for the Protection of Reptiles £2.30 (p&p incl.)

Pbk, 46pp As Professor Tom Regan says in his foreward to this book, it 'lifts the lid' and gives a new perspective of reptiles, for they are misunderstood and often badly treated.

Many people fear reptiles and recoil in distaste. But this fear and distaste is based on misconception which Clifford Warwick explains. Only 10% of snakes are poisonous and only a fifth of these are serious enough to need treatment. In any case, snakes will retreat from humans and only strike if trodden upon or cornered. And their skin is dry not slimy.

Few lizards are poisonous and even these are not dangerous.

However, it is his section on 'biological considerations' which I find most interesting. It has long been thought that reptiles cannot suffer, that because they are cold blooded they have no feeling. In fact they have been considered more akin to machines than living creatures.

Mr Warwick has explained that they do feel pain and can suffer stress. From my own experience I know that they have the same nerve pathways which transmit pain as mammals.

Reducing their body temperature slows their reactions, but that does not mean nerve transmission is reduced.

reptile skins for the fashion industry. He gives statistics of the reptile trade which runs in to millions each year.

This is a valuable addition to our knowledge for it certainly 'lifts the lid' and hopefully will engender caring attitudes towards this misunderstood group of sentient living creatures.

Bill Jordan

Mike Nunn is General Secretary of The Ultimate Answer — a society dedicated to promoting compassion in the young

Wines and Spirits

ORGANIC WINES

over 60 vegan wines also beers, ciders, juices 1

try our vegan starter case (12 wines) £49 inc. del. or write for our full list 1 5% discount for Vegan Soc. members

National delivery

10 Ashley Ind. Est., Ossett WF5 9JD Access/Visa

0924-276393

^

A »v

CRlfac-y c A / e s - m n e s ! T ^ Y M-MoS7

HOMAKI WH€TA

loo^P

JMboT

!I

undamental to the vegan gardener's activity is the knowledge and understanding of soil ecology.

Soil is in fact very amenable to the gardener's influence, but lack of knowledge can lead to a destructured and unstable product! It is for this reason that a responsible gardener will desire to understand soil ecology as it is the basis of maintaining a production unit for the future. By definition, 'ecology' evokes the notion of interrelatedness and environmental stability.

Good farming conditions require a soil which is wellbalanced in nutrients for feeding the plants and rich in organic matter.

Perfect soil cannot be achieved overnight. A garden is a managed unit, constantly being drained of resources as you push your lawns, trees, shrubs and vegetable into growth and flower or fruit production. So as gardeners, we have to manage our soil. It will take time — a year or so before any major improvement will be seen in poor or impoverished soil.

Soil improvement and sound soil management is one of the first jobs or tasks to be undertaken as a vegan-organic gardener.

F

S O I L K N O W HOW

Appraisal

problems of water shortage.

A hole dug in the comer of a plot can be very revealing in terms of visually assessing how deep the top soil is.

Colour will indicate conditions like high organic content (blackness), or problems like poor or impeded drainage (blue mottling). Look also for the presence of a hard crusty horizontal layer — such a layer is called a pan, and results from the deposit of mineral matter washed down from nearer the surface. Its existence can mean that drainage and root growth may be impeded, even an apparently light,free-drainingsoil.

Texture A general indication of soil texture can be determined by rubbing a small amount of moistened soil between thumb and finger, when its predominant component of sand, silt or clay will be revealed by relative sharpness, smoothness or stickiness respectively. If a trowelful of soil is shaken into a glass vessel of a litre of water, it will settle out to form layers. The sand will sink to the bottom-followed by the silt and clay. Organic matter will float to the surface.

At least 30cm depth of good garden soil (loam) is required to garden satisfactorily. Buying in loam is the quickest way to provide a growing medium.

However, a cubic metre of soil weighs about 1 tonne and 1 tonne will cover an area of 9cm sq at 30cm depth!! It can also be of variable quality and exceedingly expensive.

Because of this, efforts are usually better directed at soil improvement

To some extent it is possible to change features of the soil's physics, chemistry and biology by appropriate amendment. A methodical appraisal of the soil will avoid wasted effort.

Remember that information about the soil should always be considered in relation to local climatic patterns, partly because plants will respond to Improvers both soil and climate, and The first group of soil partly because climate has 'improvers' are designed to some direct effects on the soil achieve this sought after itself: a wet heavy soil in a change in soil structure and very cold area may well be an increase in depth of workfrozen and unworkable for a able material. These materials large part of the winter, while fall into two groups: a light soil in an area of low C o m p o s t s (vegan) rainfall may present serious • Manures (non-vegan) 26

The Vegan, Winter 1990

Both improve the soil structure by increasing its water retentiveness, by opening up of a clay soil and by helping to bind together sand particles, and thus enhance crumb formation. They will also, to a small but valuable degree, add nutrient to the soil. Each type of compost has its own peculiar features (see table).

Garden compost must be well decomposed and not contain diseased plant material or have abnormally high amounts of a single ingredient e.g. lawn mowings.

The second group of soil 'improvers' are designed to condition the soil, and comprise chemical components of well defined function e.g. seaweeds — these are rich in substances called alginates which stick particles together and so improve crumb structure. These seaweed products are also rich in trace elements — vital for plant growth.

Dressings of seaweed meal applied in autumn and calcified seaweed applied in

spring at a rate of 250g per sq. metre, will supply the nutrient feeding and the addition of well rotted garden compost will provide the organic matter. On heavy or sandy soils matter can be used more efficiently if the 'no dig' technique is practised.

A further feature of soil management relates to soil water. Incorporating organic matter will benefit both drainage and moisture retentiveness. A natural plant community — e.g. a woodland floor — will be covered with a layer of organic matter, leaves and other debris in the process of decomposing, but not yet incorporated in the soil by the action of earthworms. This covering is known as mulch and it performs a valuable function in preventing water loss through evaporation. It also provides a measure of insulation from radiation frost. Many gardeners do not allow the accumulation of organic material in

Deed of Covenant A Deed of Covenant substantially increases your gift or subscription to the Vegan Society at no extra cost to yourself, because the Society is able to claim the income tax that you have paid.

Provided you are a taxpayer, the Society can claim an additional 33p (at current tax rates) for every pound you covenant.

The Deed need only apply for four years, assuring the Society of a regular income so that it can plan for the future. It is easy to complete and once made you only have to sign a claim form which we send you in the first year.

HOW Y O U R C O N T R I B U T I O N G R O W S Here are some examples: Tax Benefits Annual over 4 years Amounts Rebate £

10.00

£ 3.33

50.00 75.00

25.00

16.66

£ 53.22 266.64 400.00

If you wish to make a single donation, the Society can gain the same tax benefit if you use a Deposit Covenant.

For futher information, please contact: The Office Manager, Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA.

27 The Vegan, Winter 1990

their soil, but there is every justification for doing it artificially to beds and borders.

Remember though — mulches must be applied to moist soil — if you mulch a dry soil, it will remain dry.

Finally, the soils acid/alkaline (ph) balance must be checked. This can be done by using one of the kits available from garden centres. Any imbalance can be easily corrected by adding dolomite or ground limestone at a rate of 250g per sq. metre as a dressing if the soil is acidic. If the soil is alkaline, it will need to Approx% N P K 2.0 0.2 0.5

Material

Bracken

N=Nitrogen

SO<I( TT

0.2<0.1<0.1

0.6 0.31.0 0.5 0.2 0.9

Note. Peat alternative: Cocofibre Many companies have temporarily halted the import of cocofibre due to pest and disease problems and the risk of salmonella. It seems the product was put onto the markets before being fully cleared health and safety wise. More news about this and other peat alteratives later . . .

J u l i e Walsh Noteworthy Features

Garden compost 0.7 0.4 0.4 Leaf mould 0.4 0.2 0.3 Mushroom compost 0.6 0.5 0.9 Sawdust Seaweed Straw

have peat or a peat alternative added, checking the reading after application.

Best as a mulch. May deplete N as it rots.

Weeds may be a problem.

Rots slowly. Better separated.

High in lime. Possible insecticide residue.

Rots slowly. May be toxic.

High trace elements. Attracts flies.

Composts first. Best as a mulch.

P=Phosphate

K=Potash

Promoting a diet free from all animal produce and a more compassionate way of living that seeks to avoid exploiting animals for any purpose

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Block letters please Address.

Name.

Post code

Tel.

Profession/Skills.

Tick as appropriate: • I am interested in veganism and enclose a large SAE for an Information Pack • I adhere to a vegan diet and wish to become a Vegan Society member. I undertake to abide by the Society's Memorandum and Articles of Association (£2 or may be viewed without charge at the Society's office)' • Although not a vegan I support the Society's aims and wish to become an associate member • Individual £12 • Family/Joint £15 • Unwaged individual £8 • Unwaged family/joint £10 • Junior (under 18) £6 • Life £250 • Donation I enclose cheque/PO payable to T h e Vegan Society' for £ (£ membership + £ donation).

Return to: The Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-onSea, East Sussex TN37 7AA

Publications & Promotional Goods Prices exclude postage and packing (see Order Form for rates). I t e m s m a r k e d [VS] are published by, or in association with, the Vegan Society. All titles are paperback, unless o t h e r w i s e indicated. Orders are processed within just five d a y s of receipt (subject to stock availability).

The 1989-1990 International Vegetarian Travel Guide (Ed.) Viv Preece A rich assortment of eating out and holiday/travel-related information of value to lacto-vegetarians and vegans alike. £3.99 Ring for price of new edition

Animal Rights The Cruel Deception: The Use of Animals in Medical

THE STRl UiLE FOR ANIMAL RIGHTS TOM REGAN

Background Reading Why Vegan?

Kath Clements A mass of facts and figures ably presented in a simple and straightforward exposition of the case for veganism. £3.95

Noel Sweeney A practising barrister argues that in sanctioning animal cruelty English law fails to to recognize the quintessence of natural rights: justice and morality. £6.95

The Sexual Politics of Meat Carol Adams An innovative approach to violence against animals and women. £8.95

Food for a Future

The Struggle for Animal Rights

Jon Wynne-Tyson A classic work, powerfully arguing the moral, economic, ecological, physiological and nutritional case for vegetarianism and veganism.

Packed with information, statistics, literary quotations, nutritional and dietary data. £4.99

Prof. Tom Regan A leading philosopher lucidly puts the case for animal rights. Chapters on farm and laboratory animals, hunting, dissection, plus autobiographical sketch. £3.50

The Dreaded Comparison: Human and Animal Slavery

The Extended Circle: A Dictionary of Humane Thought

Maijorie Spiegel A penetrating study in picture and prose, loaded with shocking comparisons of human and animal slavery, of racism and speciesism. £3.95

(Ed.) Jon Wynne-Tyson.

A new, updated collection of quotations concerning our treatment of non-human species. £6.99

Geoffrey Yates Review of the world food situation and land use, including the vegan alternative, with useful facts and figures. £3.95

Fettered Kingdoms John Bryant Second edition of one individual's animal rights philosophy with infamous critique of pet-keeping and controversial rewritten Epilogue. £4.90

Animals and Cruelty and Law

PUBLICATIONS

Food: Need, Greed and Myopia

Research Robert Sharpe A detailed study demonstrating both the barbarism and scientific invalidity of vivisection. £7.99

Chicken & Egg— Who Pays the Price?

FOOD: NEED, G R E E D & MYOPIA Exploitation and Starvation in a WorW of Plenty

Clare Druce A constructive attack on the egg and poultry industry — examining birds' poor health, living conditions, drug industry activity and human health hazards. £3.99

Beyond the Bars

Reference Guides [VS] The Cruelty-Free Shopper Lis Howlett Much-expanded edition of bestselling guide for vegans and would-be vegans seeking assistance in choosing 100% animalfree products as part of a lifestyle free from animal exploitation.

Thousands of entries organized into easy-to-consult sections (Food Products, Toiletries & Cosmetics, Homecare Products, Additives, etc). Complete with informative section introductions, recommended reading lists and index.

Indespensable. £3.99

28

(Eds.) Virginia McKenna, Will Travers & Jonathon Wray.

Distinguished contributors discuss the immorality of keeping wild animals in captivity. £6.99

Voiceless Victims Rebecca Hall A wide-ranging examination of human abuse of animals. Chapters include: bloods ports, slaughter and fanning, animals in entertainment, vivisection, and anthropocentric conservation. £5.95

Assault and Battery Mark Gold A critical examination of factory farming and its effects on animals.

The Vegan, Winter 1990

people and the environment. £5.95

Vegan Nutrition: Pure and Simple

Animal Liberation: A Graphic Guide

Michael Klaper MD An American physician demonstrates how sound vegan diets can satisfy all the body's needs and play a major role in the prevention and treatment of many degenerative diseases. Includes nutrient tables, meal plans and recipes.

Lori Gruen, Peter Singer and David Hine.

A powerfully illustrated introduction to the subject. £4.95

Large format. £5.95

Pregnancy, Children and the Vegan Diet Michael Klaper MD A practical guide to ensuring health and balance throughout pregnancy and to raising healthy children on a 100% animal-free

Janet Hunt A bargain-priced and easy-to-follow first vegan cookbook, written expressly for those new to crueltyfree living. Offers a comprehensive selection of everday and specialoccasion recipes, plus a mass of hints and tips. Durable, wipe-clean cover. £1.99

Kenneth Dalziel O'Brien A comprehensive, yet easy-to-follow guide to the subject by the system's greatest living exponent. £6.99

The Vegan

Leah Leneman Tailored to the needs of vegans living either alone or in non-vegan households, this is a book to persuade you that it really is 'worth the bother' for one. £4.99

(Quarterly.) Four issues.

£6.00

PROMOTIONAL GOODS Multi-Purpose Cards* Four multi-purpose blank cards and envelopes with original cartoons by regular contributor to Private Eye, Pete Donohue.

Recycled card and envelopes.

Black and red on white. £1.50 CI

The Vegan Cookbook Alan Wakeman and Gordon Baskerville 200 richly varied and carefully graded recipes, ranging from the quick and simple right through to the unashamedly gourmet.

Complete with nutrition notes and checker. £4.99

The Vegan Health Plan

[VS] Vegan Cookery Eva Batt An updated [1985] and restyled edition of the first major cookbook ever published. More than 300 appetizing, nourishing and economical recipes, plus a wealth of practical advice and nutritional information. £3.99

Nutrition and Health [VS] Vegan Nutrition: A Survey of Research Gill Langley MA PhD The most comprehensive survey ever undertaken of scientific research on vegan diets. Ideal for nutritionists, researchers, dieticians, GPs, community health workers, vegans and would be vegans. Includes highlighted major points, easy-to-follow tables, chapter summaries and detailed index. £5.95 29 The Vegan, Winter 1990

Home and Garden

Veganic Gardening

The Single Vegan

Peter and Montse Bradford A vegan macrobiotic guide to the culinary use of the 'harvest of the oceans'. £5.99

Barbara Griggs A handbook of simple remedies. £4.99

Karen Christensen Packed with practical advice on how ecological principles can be applied in the home, enabling the individual to improve his/her environment and quality of life. £5.95

[VS] The Caring Cook: Cruelty-Free Cooking for Beginners

Cooking with Sea Vegetables

The Home Herbal Book

Home Ecology

Cookbooks

Amanda Sweet More than 300 recipes, plus nutritional information and hints on buying and storing foods, suitability for freezing etc. £4.95

diet. Includes nutrient tables, meal plans and recipes. Large format. £5.95

ORDER FORM After calculating the total sum owing, including postage and packing, send your cheque or postal order to: The Vegan Society (Merchandise), 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA. Cheques/postal orders should be made payable to The Vegan Society Ltd. TOTAL COST OF ITEM(S) ORDERED £ POSTAGE & PACKING (See below ) £ Inland : Total Cost of item(s) ordered £2.99 or less — add 35p; £3.00 to £3.99 — add 60p; £4.00 to £5.99 — add 75p; £6.00 to £9.99 — add £1; £10 to £20 — add £1.50; over £20 — free Eire and Overseas : Please increase total payment by a further 40% to cover additional surface rate postal charges. (NB Goods sent airmail by special arrangement only.)

DONATION TOTAL PAYMENT* £ •Orders to be sent to Eire or overseas must be paid for by International Money Order or by Sterling cheque drawn on an English bank.

I enclose a cheque/postal order for £ made payable to : The Vegan Society Ltd. Name (PLEASE PRINT) Address (PLEASE PRINT)

Tel. No. (in case of query).

_Postcode _ Date_

Writing Pad* Pad with 50 sheets A5 size woodland bond recycled paper, each printed with the Vegan Society'! logo and summary of its work. l^reer £2.25 Poster* 'Blood Curdling' poster by Paul Evans. Recycled paper. Red, pink and green on black.

75p PI T-Shirts 'Free Zone'. As featured in The Independent. 100% cotton, XL, green on white. £5.95 T1 'AH the Way'*. Rather daring, 100% cotton, XL. Orange, green and white on black. £7.50 T2 Q Cards Set of 10 postcards with telling quotes for animal rights. All different, assorted colours, recycled card. £1.50

C2

Festive Card 'Reindeer liberation' festive card

by Juliet Breese. Pack of 5 on recycled card with recycled envelopes. £1.95 C3 Re-Use Label 'Globe' design, black and green on white. Recycled paper, non-animal gum. £1.15 per 100 •See back cover

van! Details:

Noticeboaxd

Advertising Would actual and prospective advertisers in The Vegan please note that display and semi-display advertising is now dealt with by Steve Hack a t : Eco Projects, Queen Anne House, Charlotte Street, Bath Avon BA1 2NE. Tel. 0225 332567.

International

Diary Dates 27 N o v - 2 2 Dec. Third Green Christmas Fair, London Ecology Centre, 45 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London. Tel. 071 379 4324.

8 Dec. Croydon's first Green Fair, St Peter's Hall, Ledbury Road, Croydon, l l a m - 4 p m . Tel. 081 541 0487.

Cruelty-Free Christmas Fair, Manchester Town Hall, 10am—5pm. Contact: Manchester Animal Protection Group, One World Centre, 13 Paton Street, Manchester 1.

BUAV European Cosmetics Campaign International Day of Action. Tel. 071 700 4888.

10 Dec. Nottingham Vegetarian and Vegan Society Xmas Dinner.

Tel. 0509 673855.

12 Dec. League Against Cruel Sports speaker and slides, Milton Road Methodist Hall, Weymouth, Dorset, 8pm. Admission 50p (free to LACS and S. Dorset Animal Concern members). Contact: 13 Dec. London Vegans Xmas Dinner. Tel. 081 368 1915.

20 Dec. Worcester Animal Aid Party Night. Tel. 0905 613173.

26 Dec. Traditional demos against Boxing Day foxhunts. Contact: HSA on 0602 590357 or LACS on 071 407 0979.

2 J a n . S. Dorset Animal Concern Jumble Sale, Milton Road Methodist Hall, Weymouth, Dorset, 7.30pm. Contact:

Subscriptions Annual subscriptions — the Society's principal source of income — are due 1 January 1991; members and associates will find a Subscription Renewal form enclosed.

Those unwaged individual members!associates currently paying by Standing Order/Covenant are requested to alter them in line with the new subscription rate.

New-style membership cards are now issued annually to annual members/associates and must be produced to claim discounts offered to Vegan Society members/associates at shops, restaurants etc. Life members/associates requiring a new card are asked to send an SAE to the Vegan Society office.

Great Outdoors The 11th Vegan Camp is scheduled for 25 July to 4 August 1991 at Twyn, Gwynedd, Wales. A youth event (ages 12-21) will be held 29 July to 2 August. Camp or cara-

C L U B D R A W RESULTS August ist 2nd 3rd Sept.

1st 2nd 3rd Oct. 1st 2nd '3rd

30

1990 114 149 93

1990 180 190 166 1990 171 132 114

Martin Le Butt Alison C a d d Mrs D.M. Goode

£57.75 £34.65 £23.10

Mr R.A. Baker Mrs Tlirner Dee Leach

£54.00 £32.40 £21.60

Suzanne C h e e s e m a n M r s D M Nelll Martyn Le Butt

£46.12 £27.68 £18.45

Vegans International is a network of correspondents who work to promote veganism through a variety of non-violent means. These include: the exchange of information internationally, promoting contact between vegans in different countries, coordination of international activities (e.g. campaigning), and helping to start up new vegan organizations in countries where they do not already exist.

Lindsay Gamsa-Jackson is the only British contact at present and may be moving within the next 12 months. Anyone in the UK willing to scan journals for items of interest to vegans abroad and who wishes to become a permanent contact for Vegans International, should contact:

Brum Night Out Anyone interested in a West Midlands Vegan Xmas Night Out (approx. £10 per head) at Zebedees Co-operative Restaurant in Birmingham should contact: .

New Vegan Shop Evergreen Stores, the newest all vegan shop, is now open at: 70

Gift a Vegan Why not send a friend, acquaintance or relative some ethical reading material this Christmas?

— this issue of The Vegan.

Simply complete The Vegan Xmas Gift coupon on the back cover and return it, together with a cheque payable to 'The Vegan Society Ltd.' for £1.50 to: Vegan Xmas Gift, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA.

Its stock includes: organic bread and pastries, organic fruit and veg., the entire Plamil and Honesty ranges, dairy-free ices (just in time for winter), solar battery rechargers, humane mouse traps, Happidog and Vegecat. There is a 10% discount for Vegan Society members.

The shop is run by vegans Mark, Sally, Paul and Louise.

Readers of Vegan Views will be familiar with Mark and Sally's cartoon adventures — this one is for real!

Turning Point The current Turning Point (Oct-Dec 1990) is perhaps the best yet with special features on the dairy industry and soya milk. A year's subscription is £5. Contact: Turning Point, PO Box 45, Northolt, Middlesex UBS 6SZ. Tel. 081 841 0503.

Holiday Guide The Vegan Holiday and Restaurant Guide by Colin Howlett is now out of print.

Violet Mitchell Nearly 92 years of age, Violet has considerable difficultly in reading and would greatly appreciate some vegan visitors. If you are within reach of the Barnet area, please contact her via the Vegan Society office. A'll letters must be written in black ink and large text.

Medical Lecture Vegan doctor David Ryde is prepared to lecture in outer London, Kent and Surrey. For further details contact him via the Vegan Society office.

French Vegans The newly-formed French Vegan Society is in the process of obtaining a PO box. In the meantime contact:

Local Groups

The Vegan, Winter 1990

Dewsbury (& surrounding area).

With the relaunching of the Vegan Contact Network, may we make the year of 1991, through members

The Council Officers and Staff * Extend the*' * warmest Seasonal Greetings to readers ana wish to thank those who " j have contributed *] to the Society's work during IV90

*

Information Vegan Magazines. In addition to The Vegan — the official organ of the Vegan Society — the following independent publications may be of interest:

Vegan Views 6 Hayes Avenue, Bournemouth BH7 7AD. An informal quarterly with articles, interviews, news, reviews, letters, cartoon strip.

Subscription rate for four issues: £2.40 (Europe and surface mail overseas: £2.80).

New Leaves 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 8NQ. Quarterly journal of the Movement for Compassionate Living — The Vegan Way (see below).

Annual subscription: £3.00.

31 The Vegan, Winter 1990

Cheques/POs payable to: 'Movement for Compassionate Living'.

Y Bilingual quarterly. Annual subscription: £1.50.

The Vegan Community Project exists to form a contact network between people who are interested in living in a vegan community and to establish one or more such communities. While some of its members seek merely to live close to other vegans, others wish to establish a vegan land project or centre for the promotion of a vegan lifestyle.

**

Newsletter subscription

of the Society, a year in which we can g i v e t h e v e g a n c a u s e e v e r increasing publicity.

Recently Sandra Battram and Richard Farhall were invited to answer listeners' questions for half an hour on BBC Radio Kent under the theme 'you don't need animal products'. It would be nice if such publicity could be engineered throughout the radio network in the UK, indeed also on national radio and TV. So you all have a part to play and may I wish you every encouragement in helping spread the vegan message in this way.

Arthur Ling

promoting awareness of the connections between the way we live and the way others suffer, and between development, consumption and the destruction

The Vegan Families Contact List provides a link between parents throughout the UK seeking to raise their children in accordance with vegan principles. To receive a copy of the list and have your name added to a future edition, please write to the Vegan Society — marking your envelope 'Vegan Families Contact List', enclosing an SAE, and giving your name, address and names and dates of birth of children.

The Movement for Compassionate Living — the Vegan Way seeks to spread compassionate understanding and to simplify lifestyles by

Vegans International co-ordinates the promotion of veganism, encourages the formation of new organizations, and organizes an annual vegan festival. Contact:

Vegan Contacts Abroad. For a listing, send an S A E to the Vegan Society marked 'Vegan Contacts Abroad'.

* Breathtaking mountain scenery * Highly acclaimed vegan fare * Free use of bicycles & tandem

ACTIVITY HOLIDAYS

HOLIDAY ACCOMMODATION

Activity & Sightseeing Holidays — Great Vfegetarian/Vegan Food

A L L Y E A R holiday retreat for vegans on sea front. Nearby Naze and backwater walks. Jn 142. Seas pray Retreat, Princes Esplanade, Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex C 0 4 8QD. Tel. 0255 677751.

Destinations include: Yugoslavia — Adriatic Island Austrian Alps A u t u m n In P o r t u g a l Scottish H i g h l a n d Activity Lake District Sailing W e e k e n d s

A L P U J A R R A S . 2/3 bedroom farmhouse, sleeps 5, swimming pool, unspoilt views, secluded spaces, \Jl hour beach, wonderful mountain walks, villages. Self-catering, £100pw or B & B + meals vegetarian, vegan. Write:

V^g/V&nfures

For 1991 Brochure write or phone quoting ref: W 2 , Vegi Ventures. 17 Lilian Road, Bumham-on-Crouch, Essex CMO 8DS Phone:(0621)784285

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES S M A L L BUSINESS FOR SALE. A unique opportunity has arisen to acquire a small vegan mail order business. To include mail-list, goodwill, stock at valuation and equipment. Principals only, apply to: B o x no.185.

V E G A N L I V I N G IN M A D E I R A would w e l c o m e hearing from person/s willing to finance the setting up of a much needed vegan restaurant and wholefood shop in Funchal to cater for holidaymakers and local people throughout the year. Write in confidence to B o x no. 187.

CATERING F R O M P R I V A T E D I N N E R parties to weddings, A & D Catering will provide excellent service with vegan food. Will quote for all areas. Celebration cakes to your requirements. A & D Catering, 48 Hampstead Road, Birmingham B 1 9 1DB. Tel. 021 5 5 4 2349.

C A I R N G O R M S . Letterbea is a small, friendly, vegetarian guesthouse in the Highlands of Scotland. N o advance notice for vegan meals, no smoking. Special Interest Holidays. Phone or write for details:

COMFORTABLE ACCOMODATION in small vegan guesthouse. Excellent homecooked meals, also available to nonresidents by prior booking. Details:

D A R T M O O R . Self-catering accommodation for non-smoking vegans. Heated by woodbuming Amplifaire. Vegfam's HQ. 'The Santuary', Nr. Lydford, Okehampton E X 2 0 HL. Tel. 0822 82203 or 0462 456294.

G W E N T . Lighthouse overlooking the Bristol Channel. Unique and fascinating.

Peaceful and serene. Luxury accommodation. Vegans catered for. Relaxation floatroom, log fire . . . romantic setting . . . Tel. 0 6 3 3 810126.

A U S T R A L I A . Dr. Ann Wigmore's Wheatgrass and Living Foods Program.

Training, low tuition. Free details: Hippocrates Health Centre, Mudgeeraba 4213, Queensland.

V E G A N S W E L C O M E ! On all the cookery courses at the Vegetarian Society Cookery School. We provide vegan food options. Join us! 061 9 2 8 0793.

GRAPHOLOGY CORRESPOND E N C E C O U R S E leading to Diploma.

Full 3-year syllabus. Send S A E for details to:

WALSINGHAM NATURAL THERAPY C E N T R E are offering residential courses in meditation and holistic healing under the direction of Dr Henry Whitehead B M . MNIMH. V E G A N S A N D VEGE TARIANS ESPECIALLY WELCOME.

EATING OUT SALAD CENTRE Vegan/vegetarian wholefood restaurant, Bournemouth town centre. Established 24 years, 1 0 a m - 5 p m daily; Thurs/Fri/Sat evenings 6-9pm. Allergy testing available.

0202 21720.22 Post Office Road.

32

B&B £12, E.M. £7.50. No smoking.

Tel (03397) 55759for details or write to '11 Bridge Square. Ballater AB35 5QJ

m nme: <3 o U A n g J L Vegetarian/Vagan Country Hotal Enjoy arelaxing,comfortable Winter break in SNOWDON1A NATIONAL PARK Close to historic Harlech and its wonderful beaches and to Port Meirion — it is an ideal centre for mountain walking: strolling by the sea; visiting historic Wales and playing golf.

Or simply relax in our friendly, comfortable environment — enjoying the wonderful views from the peace and tranquility of our hotel — in its 3 acres of private grounds.

The varied, high quality cuisine is exclusively vegetarian and vegan in a non-smoking environment.

We have a choice of en-suite bedrooms.

There are special Christmas and New Year's prograaanM Please call vegetarian owners for more details or send for one of our brochures.

"TREMEIFON" Vegetarian Country Hotel Talsarnau, nr Harlech, Gwynedd, North Wales LL47 tUH. TO: 0766 770491.

"Seapoint" Upway, Portock, somerset, TA248QE

• Spacious Edwardian House overlooking Porlock Bay • Open log fires • Coastal/moorland walk • Trad/vegetarian/vegan meals • Special diets

I S R A E L . Vegan wholefood guesthouse in peaceful Galilee mountain village. Please write

P U R E F O O D C A T E R I N G . Vegan cuisine for all occasions. Contact:

COURSES

* 10% discount for Vegan Society members

L U X U R Y B & B A P A R T M E N T in local beauty spot, optional EM, packed lunch, £10.50. Cilhndre Cottage, Wemddu, Alltwen, Pontardawe, Swansea SA8 3HY. 0 7 9 2 830586.

M I D WALES. Staylittle (Machynlleth 12 miles). Vegan/vegetarian B & B for nonsmokers. B & B £10.00 per person per night. Optional evening meal £6. Tel. (05516)425.

M I D W A L E S . Stredders Guest House, vegan or vegetarian B&B £14-00. EM £600. Park Crescent Llandrindod Wells, Powys LD1 6 A B . (0597) 822186.

N O R T H P E N N I N E S . Wholefood vegetarian/vegan B&B/EMs. Overlooking quiet village. Licensed. N o smoking. Open all year. 1 crown. Brochure Alston (0434) 381013.

P E N Z A N C E . Self-catering accomodation for 3 - 4 . Two miles from Penzance with large garden, sea and country views.

Occasional vegan meals available. Tel. 0 7 3 6 62242.

P O R T S M O U T H . Vegan/vegetarian wholefood B&B, optional evening meal, near f e m e s and historic ships. Phone

S T I V E S , Cornwall. Exclusively vegetarian/vegan guest-house overlooking St. Ives Bay. Close to beach and scenic coastline.

Central heating. Children welcome.

Brochure:

862289

"Wa&dcote" The Salting j, Ldant St Ivm, Cornwall Til (0736) 753147 Quiet Country Hotel overlooking beautiful tidalestuafy and bird sanctuary Britain's unspoilt walks. Superb cuisine and friendly personal service Some rooms with shower/wc en suite For further information and brochure please contact

LAKE DISTRICT

Oran

Na

Mcara

Breathtaking views from this warm and wet' house set amongst we offer spacious accommodation, delicious vegan and vegetarian food and lovely views across Lock Ewe from every room. Perfect for touring walking bird or just relaxing with our shelves of 'cateringflat also available.

F •phone 0445 731394

SHROPSHIRE. Bentley House. 18C house in unspoilt countryside, close Ludlow, Strettons, Ironbridge. Exclusively vegetarian/vegan wholefood. Vegan proprietors. Central heating. No smoking.

B&B, EM, packed lunches. Tel. 05887 255.

16thC FARMHOUSE. Set in two acres of peaceful, semi-wild garden and orchard.

Wholefood breakfast. EM by arrangement.

We are experienced in wholefood cuisine and happily cater for vegans and special diets. Non- smoking. En Suite and private bathroom. Log fire. Also holiday cottage in converted barn attached to farmhouse.

Nut Tree Farm, Stoughton Cross, Wedmore, Somerset.

SOMERSET. Exclusively vegetarian/ vegan accbmmodation in 16th century listed house. Situated bordering Devon and Dorset. Is an ideal base for touring, country walks or just relaxing. Informal atmosphere, BB & EM. Also self-catering available. Vegan proprietors. Details:

VEGAN B&B. 4 miles south of Kendal.

Strictly no smoking. Children welcome.

Packed lunches & evening meals available. Tel:

WEST CORK. Vegan self-catering and B&B, with en suite facilities. 8km fron Ban try in peaceful wooded surroundings.

Ideal for touring, cycling and walking.

Beautiful garden. Safe play area for children.

MAIL ORDER W H O L E IN T H E WALL

BEECHMOUNT Hear Sewrey, Ambleside, Cumbrie, LA22 0LB

MfMiaMpil _ accommodation Situated in Btatnx Potter s picturesque vtliaga of Near Sawrey with its oM«

wonoe inn, c miles irom nawKsneao, u m Windermere (car ferry) 2 miles. DetiQfrtful bedrooms with tea/coffee, TV, etc., end lovely views over Esthwaite Water. Ideal centre for lakes, tarns, fells and Griadaie Forest Ambleside, Coniston, and Bowness only a short drive away

For details and booking

Tel.

«W U|l-nI - MJ-l (vegan nnoietoous)

A member of the Vegan Business Connection We stock over 900 v e g a n products in our exclusively vegan shop. We are also able to offer mail order o n the following: • Green Dragon Nnaises • Green Dragon S c h e e s e s • Disos Wines • Rabenhorst Organic Juices • Hole in the H e d g e Essential Oils W h o l e s a l e e n q u i r i e s w e l c o m e . S A E for details.

Please note our new address:

Wholo In Ml* Wall, 23 Wollflold Court, Bangor, Gwynodd. Tot. 0243 364313 10% discount to members of the Vegan Society.

The Vegan, Winter 1990

Final copy date for SPRING 1991: 1 F e b r u a r y 1991

T H O M P S O N VITAMINS The only range registered by the Vegan Society

r r m i

Choose (ram our comprehensive range of unique multivitamin and mineral formulations.

Made from the purest allergen-free ingredients.

Multiplex (A balanced formulation for optimum health) 30 tablets £2.99 Super Mulitiptex (Help for coping with stress) 30 tablets £5.99 (Nice tasting and chewy for children) 30 tablets £4.69 Prices indude post and packing Please state your requirements. Cheques/POs to be made payable to Natures World Or send an SAE for details and prices of the complete range Natures World, Creating Road, Stowmarfcet, Suffolk IP14 SAY. ANIMAL RIGHTS T-SHIRTS. Exclusive designs. For catalogue send SAE to: Pink Pig Designs, 137 Fosse Road South, Leicester LE3 OFW. BONITA SKINCARE. Exclusive VEGAN skin care and toiletry range including bath oils and essential oils for aromatherapy. No animal ingredients or testing.

GREENSCENE CATALOGUE — full of green goodies! Recycled Stationery, T—Shirts, cards and gifts. 123 Fore Street, Exeter EX4 3JQ. (2 x 17p stamps please).

HIGH QUALITY VEGAN PERFUMES, aromatic bath products, hair care and skin preparations. Containing pure vegetable oils, essential oils and floral waters. For full information send SAE to Dolma, 19 Royce Avenue, Hucknall, Nottingham NG15 6FU. Trade enquiries welcome.

PLANT A BLUEBELL WOOD. 100 bulbs £12. Free wild flowers seed, plant bulb, native tree lists. Wildseeds, Llandderfel, Gwynedd LL23 7RF. VEGAN AROMATIC BATH PRODUCTS, Hair Care, Perfumes and Skin preparations. For full information send SAE to DOLMA, 19 Royce Avenue, Hucknall, Nottingham NG15 6FU. Trade enquiries welcome.

MISCELLANEOUS SEASPRAY RETREAT, A place to think things through. Lk534. Vegan household by the sea and backwaters. Princes Esplanade, Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex COM 8QD. Tel (0255) 677751.

All prices inclusive of VAT Series discount: (4 consecutive insertions prepaid): 10%

' BE HAPPY MEETING NEW PEOPLE

1

Box No: (per insertion) £2.00 extra

WHO ARE ALSO VEGAN/VEGETARIAN Lineage Commercial: £6.00 for 20 words (minimum) Additional words: 35p each Non-commercial: £4.50 for 20 words (minimum) Additional words: 25p each Please send lineage ads to: Kathy McCormack, Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA. Tel. 0424 427393.

AND UNATTACHED.

Lots of choice - make friends, pair off, go on holiday, socialize, whatever you like. For all ages from teens to sunset years, countrywide. Always hundreds of participating members.

Comprehensive and unique service designed especially for you!

D o write to

o r ring 0 8 1 - 3 4 8 5 2 2 9 n o w !

CONTACT

Semi-display (boxed) Commercial: £6.00 per single column centimetre Non-commercial: £4.50 per single column centimetre Typesetting service (if required): £2.00

J

CE*£T4UE

CONTACT C E N T R E is a friendship agency, quite different from all others catering for vegans and vegetarians both in Britain and abroad, for any purposes.

CONTACT CENTRE is inexpensive and enables you to choose your friend(s) from detailed adverts and/or to write an advert yourself without disclosing your name and address.

CONTACT CENTRE gives you full scope, you don't even have to complete a form. Instead a friendly ear is lent to every member.'^ As we cannot tell all in this advertisment, please write for membership details from:

COO^TACT

CE<H!T%Z

BCM Cuddle, LONDON

WC1V

6XX.

Please send semi-display ads to: Sieve Hack, Eco Projects, Queen Anne House, Charlotte Street, Bath Avon BAI 2NE. Tel. 0225 332567.

PUBLICATIONS AH IMS A. Quarterly magazine of the American Vegan Society. Veganism, Natural Living, Reverence for Life.

Calendar Year subscription $15. Address; 501 Old Harding Highway, Malaga, NJ 08328, USA.

•

PAYMENT Pre-payment please by cheque or postal order made payable to 'The Vegan Society Ltd'.

Eire and overseas: payment must be by sterling cheque drawn on an English bank or by international money order.

PUBLICATION DATES March, June, September, December.

C O P Y DATES First of preceding month.

SITUATIONS VACANT

HEAVEN'S GATE Animal Rescue Centre, Langport, Somerset require liveIf there existed a rural based community of vegan peo- in/out animal assistance. Own transport ple living with their own space but with communal helpful. 0458 252656 (office hours). interaction through the concept of an extended family, rejecting: exploitation, greed, selfishness, cruelty, T W O C R E W REQUIRED. (One deck sexism, ageism, etc. .

Would you be interested? hand, one steward/stewardess) for 18 We hope to share fun and laughter, mutual support, metre motor boat in the South of France. love for each other and our children and our animals. Some boating experience preferable but we also hope for an ethical business project, food growing, and a spiritual (non religious) awareness aminot essential must be enthusiastic and hard celebration of our role within nature's cycle. So far weworking, willing to work long hours.

Starting mid May for Summer season. are a single-parent, two children arul one single person living in two mortgaged properties. It seems that if Must be vegan and non-smoking. Please there was a small group of us with houses to sell and send CV and recent photo to Box no. 180. with sufficient love, committment and willingness to work hard then this dream could become a reality. If you can relate to these ideas please write!

VEGAN C O M M U N I T Y

SITUATIONS WANTED

CONDITIONS OF ACCEPTANCE Advertisements are accepted subject to their satisfying the condition that the products advertised are entirely free from ingredients derived from animals; that neither products nor ingredients have been tested on animals; and that the content of such ads does not promote, or appear to promote, the use of non-vegan commodities. Books, records, tapes etc. mentioned in advertisements should not contain any material contrary to vegan principles. Advertisements may be accepted from catering establishments that are not run on exclusively vegan lines, provided that vegan meals are available and that the wording of such ads reflects this.

The submission of an advertisement is deemed to warrant that the advertisement does not contravene any Act of Parliament, nor is it in any other way illegal or defamatory or an infringement of any other party's rights or an infringement of the British Code of Advertising Practice.

The Vegan Society reserves the right to refuse or withdraw any advertisement.

STOP WASTING HEAT & MONEY. Highly efficient world-patented Amplifaire system yields 90+% heat from wood burning. Flue pipe model for conventional cooking/heating. Details (33p + SAE): 38 Hampden Road, Hitchin, Herts SG4 OLD. Tel. 0462 456294 (0822 82203).

VEGFAM feeds the hungry — vegetable foodstuffs, leaf protein, horticulture, irrigation, afforestation etc.. The Sanctuary, Nr Lydford, Okehampton, Devon EX20 4AL. Tel. 0822 82203.

RATES AND CONDITIONS

Although every care is taken, the Vegan Society cannot accept liability for any loss or inconvenience incurred as a result of errors in the wording, or the late or non-appearance of an advertise-

IMPORTANT A L L L I N E A G E A N D SEMID I S P L A Y A D S MUST B E PRE-PAID

Display and semi-display advertising is now dealt with by Steve Hack at: Eco Projects, Queen Anne House, Charlotte Street, Bath Avon BAI 2NE. Tel. 0225 332567.

PERSONAL

When replying to an & advertisement please mention that you saw

it in The Vegan 33 The Vegan, Winter 1990

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENT ORDER FORM

(LINEAGE)

. issue/s of The Vegan under the heading

Please insert the following advertisement in the next.

(Please use capital letters) 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

6

9

10

11

12

13

14

IS

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

Continue on a separate sheet if necessary. This form may be •

B o x No. (£2.00 extra). Tick if required

I enclose cheque/PO for £ .

photocopied.

L i n e a g e c h a r g e s . See 'Rates and Conditions'.

• Copy. (£1.50). I require a copy of The Vegan in which my ad. will appear

payable to 'The Vegan Society Ltd.'

Name

Address _ . Post code _

Tel. No..

. Signature.

. Date.

Return to: The Advertising Manager, The Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA. (Tel. 0424 427393)

VICCO Vajradanti Unique Ayurvedic Toothpaste A completely natural product containing 18 valuable herbs.

VICCO Vajradanti is made in a c c o r d a n c e with the ancient Indian s c i e n o e of Ayurveda.

Highly Concentrated — Long lasting Pleasant Fresh Taste — Fresh Breath Contains No Sugar — Flouride Free

£ ^

Contains no animal ingredients

N O W AVAILABLE FROM W H O L E F O O D S H O P S OR PRICE £1.40 FROM: Mandala Imports. 7 Zetland Road. Redland.

BRISTOL BS6 7AQG

262, KENSINQTON HIQH STREET LONDON W. 8

^SH&I** RESTBURRM TEL. : <5034422

tested animals

* Ivan Sanders B.A.(Hons) Solicitor (A member of the Vegan Society)

I welcome instructions from clients involved in interesting business projects and requiring the assistance of a company/commercial solicitor. Any location.

44a Pole Hill Road, London E4 7L2 081-524 5684 081-529 9439 (fax)

34

^BSPtiul 7 !„ M^tjk? IF

Britain's oldest Lebanese restaurant, established 1968.

We also serve vegetarian and vegan meals. A special set vegetarian or vegan menu at £6.85 per person (minimum of two people) consisting of nine different selections of hot and cold Lebanese hors d'oeuvres (Mezzeh).

ALL OUR DISHES BOAST HIGH FIBRE, LOW FAT NATURAL INGREDIENTS, AND POSITIVELY NO ADDITIVES

The Vegan, Winter 1990

The Vegan

CLUB DRAW Cash prizes every month!

There must be many readers who would like to offer financial support to the Vegan Society in its unique work but have limited means at their disposal. There is, however, an easy way of helping regardless of present circumstances—by including a legacy to the Society in your Will. Great or small, such legacies can make a real and enduring contribution to the promotion of vegan ideals.

For those who would like to make a bequest to the Society the following form of words is suggested: "I bequeath to the Vegan Society Ltd, Registered Charity no. 279228, presently at 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA, the sum of £ , and declare that the receipt of the Treasurer or other authorized officer of the said Society shall be good and sufficient discharge of such legacy."

Property left to the Society is another valuable contribution to our cause. If you wish to will land or property to the Society, please write for details of how to arrange this.

If you enjoy a bit of a flutter why not help the Vegan Society at the same time?

Each month, three cash prizes will be drawn comprising 50% of that month's pool. The monthly stake is just £1.50 and you can enter as many times as you wish! On the last working day of each month, the winning entries will be drawn.

Just complete the application form below and enclose your remittance for 3, 6 or 12 months as required. Don't worry about forgetting to renew — you will be reminded in good time! All results will be published in The Vegan.

X

The Vegan

CLUB DRAW Name Address Postcode Please enter me for _

Tel.No. stake/s for.

months

I enclose cheque/PO payable to 'The Vegan Society' for £ 3 MONTHS (£4.50 per stake) 6 MONTHS (£9.00 per stake) 12 MONTHS (£18.00 per stake) Return to: Club Draw Organizer, The Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA. This form may be photocopied

The T Shirt of the 90s!

PLEASE ACCEPT THIS COPY OF THE VEGAN 'You Are What You Eat' Now only £7.50 5% donated to the Vegan Society Full colour XL only

WITH MY WARMEST WISHES FOR A PEACEFUL CHRISTMAS AND A FRUITFUL NEW YEAR

Please send me £7.84 each (incl. p&p) I enclose a cheque/PO for £ .

'You Are What You Eat' T-shirts @ . payable to 'Katz Go Vegan'

From

Name Address . Post code.

Return to: Katz Go Vegan, Box 161, The Vegan Society, 7 Battle Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex TN37 7AA

35 The Vegan, Winter 1990

The Vegan Society promotes a way of living entirely free of animal products for the benefit of humans, animals and the environment

Multi-Purpose Cards Four multi-purpose blank cards and envelopes with original cartoons by regular contributor to Private Eye,. Pete Donohue.

Recycled card and envelopes.

• £1.50 CI

Writing Pad Pad with 50 sheets A5 size Woodland bond recycled paper, each printed with the Vegan Society's logo and summary of its work.

• £2.25 W1

Poster 'Blood Curdling' poster by Paul Evans. Recycled paper.

• 75p PI

T-Shirt

I

Rather daring 'AH the Way' tee shirt. l(MFo cotton, XL, black only.

• £7.50 T2

To Order Add postage & paekii ig (see O l d e r l onn'. page ) i and send \our cheque/It) (mad e pa\ able to T h e Vegan Societx 1. ul 'i lo: Vegan Societt Meril landise. 7 Battle Road. SI Leoi ards-onSea. Last Sussex I N^7 7 V \

1 1'

j m