The Vegan Spring 1978

ISSN 0307-4811

VEGAN

zup

THE

Vol. 25

No. 1

Spring, 1978

CONTENTS

Jack Sanderson

Commitment (Editorial)

Robert A. de J. Hart

Food from the Hills To India for the l.V.U. Congress The Vegan Way for Hostellers, Campers—and Bed Sitters

Serena Coles Kathleen Jannaway

Also Shopping with Eva and Letters, Reports, Reviews, Recipes, Etc.

VEGAN SOCIETY FOUNDED

1944—REGISTERED

CHARITY

VEGANISM is a w a y of l i v i n g o n t h e p r o d u c t s of the plant

kingdom

exclusion

derivatives

honey.

of

flesh,

fish,

fowl,

eggs, animal

milk

and

its

I t e n c o u r a g e s the s t u d y a n d use of a l t e r n a t i v e s f o r all

normally The

derived wholly objects

interest

of

The

in, s o u n d

or

partly

Vegan

nutrition

from

the and

commodities

animals.

Society

and

to

are

in the

to

further

vegan

method

knowledge of

of,

and

agriculture

and

f o o d p r o d u c t i o n as a m e a n s o f i n c r e a s i n g the p o t e n t i a l of the earth to the physical, m o r a l

President: Deputy

and

economic

Dr. Frey

President:

Vice-Presidents:

advantage

of

mankind.

Ellis.

Mr.

Mrs.

J. S a n d e r s o n .

E.

Batt, Mrs.

S. C o l e s ,

Mr.

J. D i n s h a h ,

N i m m o , M i s s W . S i m m o n s , M i s s M . S i m m o n s , M r s . E. Council:

M r s . E.

B a t t , M r s . S. C o l e s , D r .

F. Ellis, M r s . K .

M r . A . P a y , M r . J. S a n d e r s o n , M r s . G . S m i t h , M r . W .

Treasurer:

Dr.

C.

Shrigley.

Jannaway,

Wright.

M r s . G . S m i t h , but all s u b s c r i p t i o n s , d o n a t i o n s , etc., s h o u l d

b e sent to the S e c r e t a r y , 47 H i g h l a n d s R o a d , L e a t h e r h e a d , S u r r e y .

Hon.

Secretary:

Mrs.

K.

Jannaway, address

as

above.

S u b s c r i p t i o n s : £1.25 y e a r l y .

A d d i t i o n a l m e m b e r s at s a m e a d d r e s s r e q u i r i n g an extra Journal, p e n s i o n e r s and j u n i o r s , 63p.

THE

not

VEGAN

Q u a r t e r l y Journal £1.25 p e r a n n u m .

25p, Editors:

post

Dr. F.

From

Editorial

the

and

Secretary,

advertisements

Board

does

not

to

Leatherhead

necessarily

by c o n t r i b u t o r s t o this m a g a z i n e , or e n d o r s e Published: Copy

dates:

address

Mrs. K . Jannaway.

as

above.

Scientific

Adviser:

Ellis.

All

The

free.

M r . J. S a n d e r s o n

March 1st o f

21st,

June

preceding

21st.

agree

Office.

with

September

months.

opinions

expressed

advertisements.

21st,

December

21st.

Commitment

'The earth has great variety am is a most beautiful planet"-

yet man has stockpiled 500 times the number of nuclear bombs required to destroy all life upon the earth. He is still steadily polluting its air, its land and its waters, and reducing the number of trees - its 'lungs' - to danger level.

He is fast using up its stocks of fuels and many 'vital' commodities, and exterminating varieties of life in the animal, bird, insect and plant kingdoms.

Already we may have passed the point of no return. Some believe that we will move inexorably towards disaster - unless there is some form of superior visitation from outer space, or some Divine intervention. It is obvious that an all-out effort of all mankind is required if earth regeneration is to be achieved. It is quite possible that minor events of a catastrophic nature may take place and if man is to survive these disasters he must start now to prepare for the future. The technical civilisation as we know it may be ready for the alternative.

If life is to go on, the future is with growing things - the plant kingdom.

Let us spend the billions on plant development - for food, clothing, building, fuel and many other purposes. Let us convert the deserts into growing areas.

Let us contain and then reverse our polluting ways. Let us study Nature and work in harmony with her. Let us love plants and each day do something for the earth and its life. Let us be about the Father's business and let us become co-creators with God, regenerating the earth and restoring it to its Edenic state. Volunteer to join the ranks of the world servers - no organisation, yet they recognise each other when they meet, for they are impelled by a common spirit, not always expressed, to restore the earth and its life to its intended state and true heritage, a place of beauty and love and joy.

Strength will come through co-operating in our service and more experience and knowledge will lead to more responsibility. (Service and cooperation usually go together.) Let us move towards self-help and selfsufficiency but not be selfish in our sufficiency. Let us acknowledge our stewardship and know that some part of the world's work needs 'me' and I am necessary and uniquely placed to do it. Either we grow or we shrink. We become vital and truly alive, or we become creatures of habit - cabbages.

Many people die long before their bodies. We are each a part of the universe a vital part - and we are each a universe in the making. The evolution of consciousness goes forward in us, or it stagnates or regresses. Let no day close for us without its act of service. Let us avoid wasted opportunities and so avoid regrets. A s a child watches and imitates its parents, so let us imitate our heavenly Father. As we feed our bodies on vital food, let us feed our minds on knowledge and wisdom. May we be constantly attuned for guidance, making a pencil or mental note of those flashes of guidance that come in the day or night

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and may we act on such guidance and inspiration.

Assagioli, the founder of Psychosynthesis often spoke of Synchronicity, the principle of things that happen at the right time. Man knows that logically, changes are necessary - the present way of living is transient. The seed of veganism was sown at the right time. Non-animal products have appeared on the market. New methods of soil treatment have been evolved. New foods and new recipes have been produced and the foundations of the new healthy and unselfish way of life have been laid, thus enabling the old, unfair, unwise and unhealthy way of life to be phased out.

Alternative and simpler methods of healing, such as yoga, massage, spiritual healing, diet, and counselling, and many self-help methods which do not use expensive drugs and costly apparatus, are becoming more popular and would obviously be of great value if our present life style collapsed for some reason.

Our generation more than any other is aware of the dangers and the need.

The earth's major crisis requires a commitment from each one of us to play our part in the healing of the earth, to transmute the wrong relationships that exist between man and the lower kingdoms and to pour healing thoughts and prayer on the political trouble spots of the earth where war is very near: and where there is unfairness or misunderstanding.

In the last few years, there has emerged a growing movement which will become a powerful focus for bringing together those who in their various ways are trying to serve the New impulses. There are gatherings, conferences and conventions where progressive groups and societies meet for a day, a weekend, a week or longer. We referred to many in 1977 and now, already, in 1978, there are two in which the Vegan Society is taking part:- one at Florence in February, and at London, Olympia, the great "Festival for Mind and Body" from 29th April to 7th May. Similar events are being arranged in other countries. They contribute greatly to that growth in awareness on which the survival and further evolution of Life on this planet depends.

Jack Sanderson

2nd FESTIVAL FOR MIND & BODY The Vegan Society has a stand at the Mind and Body Festival again this year, April 29th- May 7th. Help wanted to man the stand and with cookery demonstrations. The Festival will be a marvellous opportunity to convince many thousands of people that the New Age must be founded on compassion and on awareness not on the cruel exploitation and slaughter of our fellow creatures.

Write to the Secretary as soon as possible . The Hall at Olympia will be open from 10 a . m . - 9 p.m. each weekday, l l . a . m Âť - 7 p.m. on Sundays.

2.

!

FOOD FROM THE HILLS The commonly held notion that the British hills are only suitable for sheep and beef, conifers and climbers, is entirely incorrect. If provided with adequate shelterbelt systems, the uplands which cover nearly half the surface of the British Isles - at present a vast "underdeveloped area" - could grow enough food to make this country self-sufficient and release extensive lands overseas for supplying the needs of the undernourished millions.

In the prehistoric period most of the British uplands were covered with trees and other wild plants - many of them edible - up to 2,000 feet. Their present barrenness and acid, ill-drained soils are largely due to the depredations of man in cutting down trees for timber and then grazing their slopes with vast flocks of sheep during the boom period in the wool trade; these ate up all the finer plants, leaving nothing but coarse grasses, heather and bracken and a deteriorated soil-structure.

If the uplands are to play a proper part in the country's economy, the first essential is to restore a proportion of the ancient tree-cover, not in the form of regimented conifers but of scientifically sited shelterbelts, to provide maximum protection for crops and human beings from the prevailing winds, to ameliorate the climate, prevent erosion, raise the water-table and improve drainage. The first trees to be planted would necessarily be fast-growing evergreen conifers to provide shelter for crops and "nurse conditions" for less hardy deciduous trees. But there is no reason why the completed shelterbelts (or windbreaks) should not comprise a wide variety of trees, bushes and other perennial plants, many of them with edible parts, such as rowans, stone-pines (which the Romans grew round their British villas), hardy apples, geans or wild cherries, Farleigh damsons (already used for shelterbelts in the North of England), sugar maples, hazels, blackcurrants, raspberries, blackberries and many herbs. Each shelterbelt could, in fact, be a miniature "ecological system", adapted to local climatic and soil conditions, consisting of economically valuable species capable of providing food, timber, fibres, gums and oils as well as protecting soft fruits, vegetables and cereals. Under these conditions most of the more hardy varieties of our familiar home-grown foodplants could be grown in most parts of the country, including potatoes, swedes, turnips, kale, cabbages, broccoli, peas, beans, strawberries, gooseberries, red currants, rye, buckwheat, oats and wheats of the Russian and Hungarian strains adapted to short growing seasons. If, moreover, the importance of upland food-growing came to be as appreciated here as it is in many parts of the Orient, there is no doubt that hardy varieties of many other plants could be bred or imported; these might include the Chinese chestnut and other "treecereals", which could be used to some extent as substitutes for our familiar grains, thus cutting down some of the expensive and/or laborious work connected with the growing and harvesting of cereals.

The extensive peat areas in many parts of our moorlands could either be reclaimed by liming and draining - the peats being burnt as fuel in power-

3.

stations as In Ireland - or could be used for the growing of economic plants which tolerate acid soils. The most important of these are bamboos, which have already been grown experimentally in Irish peat-bogs and have numerous uses, including paper-making and the production of edible shoots; bilberries, cranberries and blueberries, the latter a most valuable plant that can produce fruit of a size and flavour comparable to grapes. In fact, Britain's neglected moors and heaths - at present used, if at all, for grouse-shooting and deerstalking - contain much potentially good soil, rich in natural minerals, and when "skinned" of peat can be used for growing first-class fruit and vegetables, such as celery.

Adequate drainage is essential for all soils but in general expensive systems of pipes and ditches, as employed at present are best avoided, as these convey the water away from where it is needed: under the crops. The best method of draining the soils of upland farms and gardens is to chiselplough, harrow or rotovate along the contours; this creates a multitude of small channels through which water, sunlight, air and minerals can be spread evenly over the whole of the land, releasing its buried fertility, increasing the absorptiveness of the soil-structure and avoiding the danger of waterlogging. Where conditions are really bad, necessitating ditches, these could link a number of ponds or reservoirs, which could be used for irrigation or watering when necessary - an Australian practice. Such ditches, as well as natural streams, could often be harnessed by means of water-wheels for milling or the generation of electricity. Many upland areas, in fact constitute excellent sites for different types of Alternative Technology installation, especially windmills.

In the case of upland gardens, the "no-digging" system is generally preferable to more conventional methods of cultivation, as it guards against erosion by wind and rain. To protect the soil, especially during the winter, crops should be kept continually covered with compost or old straw (which grows stiff and is therefore not readily blown away). Some upland gardeners have grown potatoes very successfully by the 'lazy bed" method employed in the Western Isles of Scotland and Ireland. Instead of digging over a piece of rough ground before planting, turves are removed and laid in rows, upside down on top of the grass. Seed potatoes are then placed on top of the ridges so formed and covered with compost, straw or seaweed. The grass in the turves gradually rots and contributes to the fertilisation process. All possible advantage should be taken of walls and fences for training fruit trees and bushes; they not only provide shelter and support against the wind but walls also reflect and conserve the warmth of the sun. In many parts of the world hillsides are terraced for crop-growing; this practice was followed by our Celtic forebears, as can be seen by the "lynchets" still visible on the downs of Southern England, the Yorkshire limestone country and other parts of the British hills. Philip Oyler in Ms book Feeding Ourselves suggested that lynchets could again be adapted for fruit growing.

On upland slopes deep-rooting perennial plants are always preferable to annuals, as they are more wind-hardy and have access to the spring-veins 4.

in the subsoil, an insurance against drought. As an additional protection against erosion, the practice of "strip-cropping" should be employed, whereby different varieties of plant are grown in rows, one above another, along the contours.

Opening up the British hills to the large-scale growing of crops could offer a new, exciting and challenging way of life to thousands of adventurous young people stifled by urban conditions, as well as providing jobs for some of our tens of thousands of unemployed. The health of the entire nation could be improved if it switched its diet away from the de-vitalised, chemicalised, imported products of the supermarkets to fresh produce grown in the invigorating conditions of the British uplands.

Robert A. de J. Hart

me nem}

The cruel exploitation and slaughter of highly sentient creatures is wrong but through the ages, many apparently compassionate people have sought to justify it on the grounds of human need. This becomes increasingly difficult to do as vegans demonstrate their healthy, truly economical way of life. Now one of the major killers of our day - coronary heart disease - is becoming clearly associated with the consumption of animal fat, and vegans have another strong argument to put forward. Do you know and understand the facts so that you can argue the case convincingly?

Come along to the Friends' Meeting House, 52 St. Martins Lane, London WC2, near Trafalgar and Leicester Square stations, on March 30th, and hear Dr. Turner, Senior Research Fellow in Preventive Cardiology, explain, with the help of clear slides. Questions welcomed and vegan Buffet and social time from 6. 30 p. m., lecture, 7.30 p.m.

tem a urn!

Movements prosper where there are devoted individuals willing to give time and energy to foster them. Why don't you begin in your town?

Form a branch, a bulk-buying group; run a meeting, a film show; have a stall in the local market; offer to speak and give food preparation demon rations for local groups. Please do something I People are ready to listen as never before.

CATCH THE SATURDAY MORNING CROWDS - with an invitation to a cup of coffee, film, cookery demonstration in a centrally situated hall. We have a coloured version of our 'Open Door' film now that we can lend. Get local ecological and animal welfare groups to join you with a stand.

IN THE LONDON AREA - the Council needs help with catering for meetings.

This is a very important part of our work.

To India for the Congress \ i\ \\ i\ \ \\ \ V \ l\\ "\\

Three delegates from the Vegan Society, Brian and Margaret Gunn King and I were among the twenty-four committed vegetarians who left Heathrow on November 17th, bound for the World Vegetarian Congress in India.

There followed three memorable and demanding weeks travelling thousands of miles, speaking at conferences, schools and colleges, meeting Indians, talking with delegates from other countries and visiting places of outstanding interest.

Shri Mankar, the Arch-Planner, who will be long remembered for his great service to humanitarian causes, and who had made special journeys to England and Ireland to discuss plans with the International Vegetarian Union President, and Deputy President and its Secretary, Brian Gunn King, died a few weeks before the Congress opened. A great burden was thus placed on those who had to make the final arrangements. We were all grateful for the hard work that made the conference a success in spite of such a set back.

At the main conference sessions in New Delhi, Calcutta, Madras and Bombay, a good number of our Indian friends joined us and there was an average of 200 present, representing 19 countries. Jay Din shah, Secretary of the American Vegan Society and organiser of the 1975 World Vegetarian Congress, our Australian friends, Fred Whittle and Yvonne Swindell, were among the many speakers. Richard St. Barbe Baker, now 89 inspired us once more on behalf of the trees and Scott Nearing, now 94, urged right land use. Margaret Gunn King gave interesting and informative talks on vegan children and Brian Gunn King on vegan gardening. An Indian member of the Vegan Society, Diana Ratnager, showed the Beauty Without Cruelty film, which made a great impact on the audience.

I had valuable opportunities to speak to young people in schools and colleges, three minutes to talk on the radio and I delivered the Vegan Society paper "Food for a Future" to the main conference in Delhi. The paper met with great approval, and I received many requests for copies. It has now been printed as a leaflet which can be had in return for a 10 pence stamp or International Reply Coupon from the Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, England.

Technical difficulties interfered with the showing of our Open Door film, "A Better Future for All Life", which I carried from town to town. I managed at last, to get it shown, but without sound, in Madras, and it made enough impression for copies to be 3old for presentation in Australia and the U. S. A.' I felt that the opportunities to talk to young people were especially valuable. I was able to tell them that many in the West were now turning to the Vegetarian and Vegan way of life, and that we tended to think of India as being

6.

a country of compassion towards all life and were sad to learn of so many younger Indians forsaking their religious and philosophical heritage and copying the meat eating habits of the West.

I stressed also the health and food reform aspects of the vegetarian diet.

(We never saw wholemeal bread in any of the hotels and a long queue I saw in Bombay was said to be for this rare article of food!) I reminded them of their responsibility for the future health of India. I was pleased to see these aspects dealt with in the excellent exhibits prepared by our Indian hosts at the conference centres.

I valued greatly, opportunities to meet the people of India. At each town we were greeted by reception committees and beautiful young Indian women in their lovely saris, garlanded us with flowers. We were warmly welcomed into homes and great care was taken to ensure that the food given to me was vegan.

One of our hosts was Shri Patwari, governor of Tamil Nadu, Madras.

Indians are justly proud of their city of Madras and part of the lovely red brick building of the University was placed at our disposal. Attention had been drawn to the Congress by an exhibition, by a wonderful design in coloured rice at the University entrance and a lovely display of coloured lights. Consequently, more of the public attended the conference in Madras. Any who felt they had been influenced to change to vegetarianism, were invited on to the platform, and to our delight, twenty-eight people walked up! Shri Patwari, inaugurated the session.

He was a gentle, compassionate man, much pre-occupled with doing his best for the people of the surrounding villages, who had suffered dreadfully during the tremendous gale that swept the district a few days before our arrival.

There were many distressing sights in India, especially in Calcutta, where many thousands live on the streets, sleeping on the pavements and begging and stealing for food. There was little one could do for them and some of us wept for their helplessness - and ours, and were overwhelmed by the thought of the tremendous tasks confronting the rulers of India.

Two of us were privileged to visit a session of the Indian Parliament and see Prime Minister, Morarji Desai In action. Animal lovers will be cheered to learn that he has forbidden the export of monkeys, birds, beef and frogs' legs, the ban to be complete and to take Immediate effect. We saw him again in the evening at a banquet in honour of our last evening in Delhi. He took only his customary milk and fruit, and inspired us all by the gentleness and compassion of his speech.

Many were the wonderful sights we saw - the Taj Mahal on a night of the full moon, the famous river Ganges, the long beach at Madras, the second longest in the world, the wonderful harbour at Bombay with its ships of so many kinds, the well kept market at Bangalore, the Kardi (government sponsored) shops with their fascinating display of Indian craftware, the wide rice fields, the temple at Benares, the sacred cows wandering the streets, the beauty and squalor, the colour and vitality, the riches and the poverty, that is India.

The memories of those three weeks crammed full with experiences of so 7.

many kinds, will remain with us all, but what was achieved for the cause that we all seek to serve?

Many resolutions were discussed and passed, especially concerned to further vegetarianism in India, but the greatest results may well come from the seeds sown by the many personal contacts, by the sharing of ideas and insights, by the three weeks of freely giving and receiving between so many different countries and cultures. May they grow strong and quickly and help to create the more humane world we all long to see. We look forward to meeting old and new friends at the next International Vegetarian Congress in England 111 1 9 7 9

•

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k

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14

A

Serena Coles.

SILK WITHOUT CRUELTY. " I am working on an alternative for the Banarasi silk brocade that is so well known throughout the world. Such silk sarees woven with golden threads have become a must in Indian society. (Saree is a six yard material that usually an Indian lady dresses.) The fabric I have been able to evolve with the help of the handloom weavers of Banaras, is the first of its kind. It is polyester woven with jari (golden thread) on handloom giving it as silky effect as possible. One such saree was presented to Lady Dowding by B. W. C. India branch. I wonder if any of your members would be interested in having such fabric in the form of dress material or stoles. At present we are facing some problems and so I would not like to ask for any firm orders but at the same time I would like to have a rough idea of its possibility of export for the people who care for the boiling death of silkmotli s " From an Indian member of the Vegan Society. Please answer via the Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

BRED TO BE KILLED FOR SILK Silkbreeding or sericulture has been practised in China for 5,000 years.

It begins with the eggs of the larvae of the moth "Bombyx mori", which are left on white mulberry leaves. After four or five weeks, there emerge tiny caterpillars, which grow to about four-inch silkworms. These then spin a thread and surround themselves with a cocoon of silk filaments, issuing the threads from two tiny holes in their heads. Safeguarded by the cocoon, the caterpillar then changes into a moth, who, if left undisturbed, would break through the cocoon and fly away.

But the breaking of the cocoon would render the thread unsuitable for spinning into silk, so the cocoons are put into hot ovens in order to kill the moths.

As this has been going on for about 5,000 years, myriads of moths have been deliberately bred in order to be killed for silk.

- from an article in the Winter "Vegan", 1968 by Louise Davis

8.

OBITUARY

ROSA DALZIEL O'BRIEN

There are people who are born, live and die, without making any contribution for the benefit of future generations. Not so Rosa O'Brien. She, and her children, Muriel, Mary, Peter and Kenneth and to some degree her husband, came to recognise that the continuance of a fertile soil from which healthy food crops could be grown, was a factor of prime importance to the world. They decided to do something practical, to prove that animal organic waste, sewage and poisons, were both unnecessary and undesirable as substances with which to manure land for the production of vegetables, fruit, cereals and nuts. Experiments on a piece of land in Leicester proved beyond any doubt that wonderful crops could be grown simply by the use of vegetable organic compost and natural minerals. Later a unique method of surface cultivation was perfected and incorporated into the system.

Founder members of the Vegan Society used to come to the Dalziel O'Brien home in Leicester to discuss the whys and wherefores of vegetarianism and the need to make a distinction between lacto-vegetarianism and non-lacto-vegetarianiQm. They realised that the Dalziel O'Brien family were in a practical way providing an all important missing link in the argument for a non-lacto-vegetarian way of life by demonstrating that vegetables, fruits, cereals and nuts could be grown without domesticated animal wastes.

Messrs. Faber & Faber, the well known publishers, took a great interest in Rosa's work and realising'that her system was something unique in horticulture, commissioned her to write a book on it. "Intensive Gardening" was published in 1956 and received wonderful reviews.

Robert Harling, in "House and Garden" in September, 1962, wrote:"But take care with her book ' Intensive Gardening' (Faber 25s). You will read it at your peril of your nine till six job, for Mrs. O'Brien writes a heady prose as practical as a well run greenhouse but as intoxicating as homemade cider. She makes the Ufe of a commercial grower sound like a cross between a call to the soul and a call to sanity. With the aid of equally persuasive diagrams she postulates what is virtually a revolution in gardening methods and routine. The underpinning of her theories is her experience concerning weed control by applied ecology (or applied soil science). She would replace all chemical fertilisers and animal manures by her own all-vegetable compost. We have heard of such ideas before, but Mrs. O'Brien links them with motion-study innovations which will drive some gardeners straight to the local for rehabilitation. But why not? says the author. Other industries study all the movements and methods involved in production, so why not the most fundamental and complex of all industries.

Well, it's a sinewy, vital book and any gardener will be a better and more self-questioning practitioner for having read these pages on siting, structures, watering, weed control - and particularly chapter seven entitled simply 'Motion Study'."

9.

It was through Rosa O'Brien's great enthusiasm and persistence, that the Ministry of Agriculture finally undertook to test the system on their trial grounds in the South of England, in 1975 and 1976. The following is an extract from their report received by us in December 1976:"With lettuce variety Avon Defiance, we sowed on 7th July. We planted beds of plants in compost made up to your specifications and also in ordinary soil on 3rd August. On your compost we made out first cut on 29th September, the lettuce averaging 14 ozs a piece (heaviest 17 ozs, lightest 12 ozs). First cut on ordinary soil was 4th October and average weight was 10 ozs (heaviest 12 ozs, lightest 9 o z s ) . " Everyone will remember the drought of summer, 1976, and recall how crops failed in many parts of the country through lack of water, so you may imagine our astonishment when we read in the Official Roport that the veganic areas had never been irrigated during the growing of the lettuce: whereas the control areas were irrigated.

Over the years, more and more people have come to recognise and appreciate the logic of the veganic system - the word was coined in 1961 by Geoffrey L. Rudd - and during the latter part of her life, Rosa edited the Veganic Newsletter, which goes out to subscribers in many parts of the world.

Rosa lived long enough to see the formation of a training site in Cheddar and smaller sites at Hatherop Castle and Linford Manor Gardens.

Apart from her love of the soil, Rosa had a deep interest in many aspects of life and wrote articles on Yoga and human genetics. She had a tremendous capacity for friendship and her down-to-earth wit and good humour were much appreciated by a l l who had the good fortune to know her.

We have received many letters of appreciation. The following is an extract from one sent by Mrs. Jelka Lowne of Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia:"No daughter ever loved and cared for her mother more than Rosa Dalziel O'Brien who loved and cared for MOTHER EARTH. She made it her calling to teach this love to the world in order that mankind and indeed the whole of creation might benefit."

moks

piem!

Dora Naturist, having outlived relatives and friends, has hardly any visitors! If you could manage to get to the hospital where she now has to stay indefinitely, you would find the contact with her lively mind and wide experiences very worth while - and it would mean so much to her to talk with someone sympathetic to the vegan way of life. (Address - 117 Preston Hill, Harrow,Middlesex.)

THE VEGAN WAY FOR HOSTELLERS, CAMPERS - AND BED-SITTERS. Youth hostellers and campers will find the vegan way of eating convenient, tasty and cheaper. Vegan food keeps better, is easier to pack and carry than animal products, it is sustaining and healthy - and the VEGAN WAY LEAVES MUCH MORE LAND FOR WILD LIFE, TREES AND RECREATION. Also for the Bedsitter who has similar problems of wanting to provide a varied and healthful diet with the minimum of time, trouble, cooking and storage facilities, the vegan diet can be the answer. The nuts, flours and grains that provide the main protein ingredients can be stored easily. Only a gas ring or hot plate is required to cook the dishes listed below. It is worth while to invest in an electric grinder and liquidiser (Moulinex produce a coffee grinder with liquidiser attachment suitable for one or two people)then nut creams, nut milks and soups can be made at much less cost than the tinned and packaged varieties.

For those who prefer to buy "convenience foods"there is now at the Health Stores a good selection of vegan varieties (see Vegan Products' on Literature List). Remember that Plantmilk Ltd. produces only vegan f o o d s P j ^ and has close association with the Society.

SUGGESTIONS

FOR

MEALS

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BREAKFAST (which needs to be a sustaining meal) ^ Porage oats - no need to cook and have a messy pot to wash up. Boil up raisins and allow to cool and mix with oats adding enough cold water to make them pleasantly moist. Eat immediately. Nuts, grated or whole, give extra food value. Fruit is simple and nutritious.

Wholemeal toast with grilled vegan cheese or tinned beans.

Wholemeal bread or Ryvita with margarine and Barmene or other spread.

LUNCH Sandwiches of wholemeal bread or Ryvita with vegan"cheese'br nut spread (made by mixing grated nuts with oil and finely grated onion or herbs and Barmene), or left overs from evening meal.

Salad, crisps, nuts, dried bananas, apricots, prunes, dates, figs.

Raw fruit.

VEGAN'CHEESE " \ dsp. Barmene or to taste 4 ozs. margarine or nutter 3^ ozs. soya flour Melt the fat, stir in soya flour and Barmene. Beat smooth. Leave to set.

Or using oil: Work 4 ozs. soya flour into 2 ozs. oil. Flavour with Barmene.

Vegan 'Cheese' is good toasted.

SUPPER Main protein dish, potatoes boiled in their skins, salad. Fruit.

U.

RECIPES FOR MAIN PROTEIN DISH (Quantities for 1 person) NOTES Try menus with suggested amounts at home first and adjust quantities to appetite. tbsp. = tablespoon dsp. = dessert spoon tsp. = teaspoon A tea cup brimful = \ pint. If unable to get Self Raising 100% Flour, add baking powder to 100% Plain Flour - 1 tspful to 3 tbs. As much flour, rice, millet as you can get on to a tablespoon equals one ounce, but a tablespoon will only hold \ oz. of porage oats or grated nuts. Barmene is the yeast extract for vegans because it has B12. You buy it in Health Stores. Marmite or other yeast extracts can be used instead for flavouring.

Nut Rissoles 4 tbs. grated nuts 1 tsp. Barmene or Marmite 2 tbs. porage oats Herbs to taste 1 dsp. soya flour 4 tbs. water 1 small, finely chopped onion \ tsp. oil and 2 tbs. oil for frying Mix all ingredients. Leave to stand for few minutes for oats to soak up water. Shape into two rissoles. Eat raw or coat with oats and fry in oil.

Serve with potatoes boiled in their skins and salad.

Savoury Pancakes 1 heaped tbs. S.R. 100% Flour 5 tbs. water or plain flour + tsp. baking powder Pinch of salt 1 dsp. soya flour 2 tbs. oil for frying Mix flours and salt. Stir lightly in water. Beat weU and leave to stand in cool place while preparing filling. Beat again. Heat oil in frying pan until it begins to smoke. Turn down heat. Pour in pancake mixture, preventing it from quite filling pan.

When lightly brown on underside and just set on

top, turn and brown on other side. Spread half with filling of tinned beans or grated nuts, grated onions and carrot. Fold over. Eat with salad and potatoes boiled in their skins.

Vegetable Stew with Dumplings 2 tbs. red lentils l j p t s . - 2| cups water 2 medium carrots 1 tsp. Barmene or Marmite 1 large onion or to taste Slice onions and carrots. Look through lentils and remove any little stones. Simmer together until soft (15-20 minutes). Add dumplings and simmer further 7 minutes. Remove dumplings. Stir in Barmene. Serve with parsley.

Dumplings 1 tbs. 100% S. R. Flour 1 tsp. oil or plain flour + tsp. baking powder pinch of salt 1 dsp. soya flour 3 tbs. water Mix flours and salt. Stir in oil and water. Drop spoonfuls into simmering stew.

12.

Onion Goulash Large chopped onion I / I 1 tsp. Barmene or Mar mite 1 dsp. soya flour 11 JL ^ or more to taste 1 dsp. 100% flour y 4 tbs. cold water 1 cupful boiling water 2 tbs. oil Cook onion in oil until golden brown. Make smooth cream with flour and cold water. Pour on cupful boiling water stirring all the time. Stir into onion in pan and simmer until thick. Add Barmene. Serve with cooked vegetables and potatoes boiled in their skins.

Savoury Rice 2 ozs. whole rice Large chopped onion 4 tbs. of carrots .parsnips etc.

Oil for frying 1 dsp. raisins Boil rice, raisins and soya flour until soaked up - you may need to add more water. onion in oil. Stir all together with Barmene.

1 tbs. raisins 1 dsp. soya flour \ tsp. or more Barmene or Marmite 1 cup water rice is soft and nearly all water Dice and cook vegetables. Fry Serve with chopped parsley.

Savoury Millet 2 tbs. millet ÂŁ pt. hot water 1 medium onion 1 tsp. or more Barmene or 3 tbs. oil for frying Marmite Fry chopped onion in oil and keep warm. Fry millet in oil until golden brown (3 mins.), remove from heat and allow to cool a little. Add hot water and simmer until Boft - about 10 minutes. (May need more water.) Stir in onion and Barmene. Serve with salad or cooked vegetables.

Lentil Rissoles As for nut rissoles but using 2 ozs. lentils cooked, instead of nuts, until nearly dry. (Mind they do not stick:) SUPPLIES TO CARRY For one person for one week.' (not easy.to.get eny route or obtainable only in large quantities) 2 ozs. whole rice 4 ozs. lentils 2 ozs. millet 8 ozs. Barmene (or Marmite) 2 j ozs. soya flour 8 ozs. soya'bheese"- made at home 8 ozs. raisins 16-24 ozs. other dried fruit (figs, prunes, apricots, dates, bananas) | litre of good vegetable oil (corn, sunflower, soya) in plastic container 3 ozs. 100% wholemeal flour, S. R. or with 3 tsps. baking powder added.

Porage oats, about 1 lb. needed for 7 breakfasts. Additional 4 ozs. needed if both nut and lentil rissoles made.

8 ozs. vegan margarine - Tomor, Outline or Waitrose's soft spread.

Packets of Ranch House T . V. P. - see leaflet - could replace some of recipes.

Peanut butter made at home is much cheaper. Bake peanuts at bottom of the

13.

MEETINGS Their success depends on your being there'.

March 25th, Saturday, 10 30a.m-6p.m at St James Hall, Vicar Lane, Chesterfield Exhibition arranged by Sheffield Vegetarian Society. Helpers needed for Vegan stall.

MARCH 30TH, THURSDAY 6.00-9. 30 p m. Friends Meeting House, 52 St. Martins Lane, Westminster. A few minutes' walk from Leicester and Trafalgar Square Underground. Dr. Turner - talk, slides, discussion, on Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease (see page 5 Buffet from 6. 30-7. 30 p. m Talk at 7.30 p. m. prompt.

April 15th, Saturday, 12 00 p. m . , at the Parish Church Hall, Eddison Road, off the Market Square, Bromley. Bazaar - help needed with vegan stall.

A P R I L 16TH, Sunday, at 12 Wray Crescent, London N4, from 3.00 p.m. onwards, vegan social gathering. Please come if you can, all welcome: Malcolm and Sue, Marijke and Kevin, Keith, Catweazle and Rick. (At Finsbury Park tube take Wells Terrace exit and turn left out of station. Turn right into Fonthill Road, then third left into Tollington Park. Wray Crescent is a turning on the right just before the Hornsey Road junction. Also, 14 bus from central London - get off at Tollington Way.) APRIL 23RD, Sunday, also in North London from 3.30 p. m . , a vegan get together at the home of Mary and Richard Horsfield. PARENTS BRINGING CHILDREN ESPECIALLY WELCOME. We would appreciate something for the shared table.

Please ring us if you are coming, on 01-883 1374.

A P R I L 29th-MAY 7th FESTIVAL FOR MIND &BODY , OLYMPIA, LONDON (see page 2 May 14th, Sunday. Make-up Party at the Enfield Boutique (see page 33.

May 20th, Saturday, 10. 30 a m. -6. 00 p. m. Ealing Town Hall. Ecology and Animal Welfare Bazaar. Help needed with Vegan Society Stall May 30th, Tuesday. Monthly social (see March 28th, above).

June 1st, Thursday, 6 30 p. m. at Polytechnic (Main Lecture Theatre) Marylebone Road, London N . W . I , opposite Madame Tussaud's. Nature Cure Birthday Celebration. Guest speakers include Eva Batt. Vegan refreshments JUNE 10TH, Saturday, 10 00 a m -5. 30 p. m at Commonwealth Institute Theatre, Kensington High Street, London W. 8. Symposium arranged on Animal Rights, by the Vegetarian Society. Speakers: Brigid Brophy, Kit Pedler, Gordon Latto, Alan Long, Peter Roberts, Richard Ryder and John Wynne Tyson.

Tickets ÂŁ1 50 - including vegan lunch.

June 18th, Sunday, 2. 30 p m. GARDEN P A R T Y at 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. B2033 off A24. Bus routes - 470, 408, 468 Coach - 714. Ask for St. Mary's Parish Church 5 minutes' walk. 15 minutes' walk from Leatherhead Station 40-45 minutes' train ride from Waterloo or Victoria.

LAST TUESDAY S 7 00-9 00 p m. , monthly social gathering of Vegan Society at the Nature Cure Clinic, 15 Oldbury Place, London W. 1, behind Marylebone Church. 5 minutes from I J ^ e r Street Station.

L I T E R A T U R E

for

SALE

BUY AS MANY AS YOU CAN AND HELP YOUR FRIENDS AND THE VEGAN SOCIET' WHAT'S COOKING? by Eva Batt. Comprehensive cookery book and vegan food guide with over 250 recipes and many practical hints. £2.40 FIRST HAND: FIRST RATE by K. Jannaway. 5 dozen simple recipes and ideas for truly economical living plus self-sufficiency gardening hints. No sugar.

Oil only fat. Savouries, cakes, puddings, etc.

40p INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL VEGANISM with basic recipes.

25p N. B. All three of above have the recipe f o r the sliceable, cookable vegan cheese.

Takes 5 minutes to make. Keeps. High protein and fat.

VEGAN MOTHERS AND CHILDREN by 10 vegan mothers.

35p PIONEERS by 12 vegans - their own ideas and practice.

30p IN LIGHTER VEIN by Eva Batt. Verses to amuse and arouse compassion 65p Sample Quarterly Journal "THE VEGAN" 30p List of VEGAN PRODUCTS 30p YOUTH HOSTELLING AND CAMPING THE VEGAN WAY 5p & S. A. E. LEAFLETS 1. Guidance for Slimmers 2. For Diabetics 3. Feeding Cats and Dogs.

2p & S. A. E. VEGAN SOCIETY BADGES Brooches 60p & S.A. E. Pendants 50p & S. A. E. A L L PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE. (They cover unsealed rate for abroad.

Sealed is very much more. Please use International Money Orders or send extra to cover bank charges, which can be 75% of the amount!)

SOLD BUT NOT PUBLISHED BY THE VEGAN SOCIETY FOOD FOR A FUTURE by Jon Wynne Tyson.

Paper back

95p & 15p

CIVILISED ALTERNATIVE by Jon Wynne Tyson. Plea for the eclectic approach to world reUgions, philosophies and socikl theories. £3.00 & 35p COMMON SENSE COMPOST MAKING by May E. Bruce.

CHILDREN OF A L L A H .

75p & lOp

Collected poems 1977 by Nina Hosali.

STAND AND DELIVER by K. Brown.

£1 each. £2 for pack of 3. Post free Lively guide to public speaking.

75p & lOp

TO THE SECRETARY, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, England.

Please send items ticked above to: NAME

I enclose Cheque/P. O. for crfT^

VEGAN

CAFE

CLOSES

Marijke Mc Cartney,

For the past two years, some of us have devoted almost our entire lives to the running of the Vegan Cafe in North London, and from our experiences we can now look back and feel it has been a great success. It was very popular and many people came regularly to enjoy the friendly peaceful atmosphere as well as the food. Some told us how the Cafe had stimulated them to become vegan and others were particularly grateful for the friendships they made there.

We ourselves have learned a lot about food, nutrition and cooking; our vegan prlciples, combined with ideals for a wholefood diet resulted in a menu of organically-grown whole grains and beans with unsprayed vegetables, and desserts and cakes made without sugar, using fruit for sweetening. While maintaining this high quality we managed to keep prices low throughout.

Apart from running the Cafe we sometimes provided food for other places like festivals, conferences, market-stalls and wholefood shops, and we will probably continue to do so. Recently, however, some of us have felt the need for changes very strongly, and for devoting more time to other interests - for some of us these are pottery, crafts, gardening, etc., while I myself will soon be having a baby. At this time there is not sufficient energy and inspiration between us to keep a restaurant going. This, coupled with the likelihood of us being evicted in a few months' time, made us decide to close the Cafe after last Christmas.

We feel we may well wish to open another restaurant in the future and are grateful for all that we have learned and experienced together. We would like to thank everybody who has worked with us and for us and also all our customers for doing us the honour of eating the food we produced and for helping to create a nice place to be. In the meantime we still like the idea of an urban vegan cafe linked to a rural veganic growing centre, and hopefully one day this idea will coi] to fruition.

WHERE CAN WE EAT OUT THEN ? Ideas below - more please IN EDINBURGH Leah Leneman writes:- "A New Age bookshop called Lothlorien (on Candlemaker Row, off the Grassmarket) has now opened a vegetarian tea-shop and they do lovely lunches as well. Imaginative salads, wholemeal bread, usually a vegan soup, sometimes a vegan savoury and - since I have persuaded them to switch to Tomor - delicious vegan sweets as well. Plus lots of herb teas. Of course, Henderson's Salad Table is still going strong, and whereas at one time their hot savouries were very much dairy-orientated, they now rely heavily on pulse dishes (all of them delicious).

IN BOURNEMOUTH A vegan cafe now open at 37 Ashley Road, Boscombe.

Telephone Bournemouth 302302. Open from 12 o'clock till 2, 6 o'clock to 10.

Tuesday to Saturday Inclusive.

IN LONDON CRANKS - MARSHALL STREET, near Garnaby Street. A few minutes from Oxford Circus. Egon Ronay British Steel Clean Kitchen Award again this year Told: "Well you've got a good start if you haven't meat and fish lying about the kitchen".

ROSALIES - over record shop. A few minutes' walk from Baker Street 16

TO HELP YOU ENJOY BETTER HEALTH VEGETEX-made from selected vegetables and herbs, and has proved over the years to be a boon to those who sutler from muscular aches and pains Contains only natural ingredients—no chemicals.

For maximum benefit, take regularly.

SUNERVEN- contains B group Vitamins to influence cell metabolism, and herbal substances which maintain a healthy nervous system. Especially useful for sufferers from nervous debility and dyspepsia

GARLODEX- h e l P s

relieve catarrh and certain ailments of the respiratory tract, especially during colds.

Contains Garlic-long recognised for its therapeutic effect —but with its characteristic odour and taste reduced to a minimum.

Enjoy life to the full with

MODERN HEALTH PRODUCTS DAVIS ROAD CHESSINGTON SURREY

17. i

LTD

RECIPES

A P P L E (or other fruit) PIE for 4-6 persons, Dag Moseid, Norway 14 oz. 100% flour 3-4 cooking apples (or 7 oz 81% and 7 oz. 100%) 3-4 tbs. sultanas 3 oz. sunflower oil 1 tbs. arrowroot salt to taste cinnamon or mint Mix oil with flour. Knead well. Add little by little ice cold water until dough is slightly sticky Form into ball and leave 30 minutes. Roll flat to line tart dish. Cover with apples that have been cut into 'boats'. Bake at 200OC until apples begin to turn brown.

Mix arrowroot with 1 tbs. water. Stir in another 3 oz. cold water.

Bring slowly to boil and simmer until thick and clear, stirring constantly. Add sultanas or raisins and pour over apples. Sprinkle with cinnamon.

ADUKI AND LENTIL PASTIES (Name not on recipe - please let us know) 3 oz. aduki beans and green lentils 3 cloves garlic 1 medium onion \ tsp. curry powder 1 small carrot mixed herbs & Barmene to taste 1 small potato Make pastry by stirring 3 oz. oil and.3 oz. water into 8 oz. of'100% flour (preferably S. R. or plus 2 tsp. baking powder) and leave tn fridge while making

filling. Saute vegetables with herbs and curry until soft. Stir in beans and lentils (soaked overnight, simmered until soft, drained and mashed). Add Barmene. Roll out pastry. Cut in circles. Pile mixture on half. Fold over.

Seal edges. Bake for 30-40 minutes at 300째 F. PALESTA FRUIT PUDDING (for 4-6 persons) Name not given 1 banana 1 - l i pints water 1 apple 1 oz. soya flour 1 orange 3 oz. cornmeal (medium) Pinch each of cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg 2-3 oz. chopped dates, figs or and mixed spice raisins coconut Gradually stir soya flour into water, then bring to boil, adding spices and cornmeal, stirring to prevent lumps until a fairly wet, sloppy mixture is formed (like a type of blancmange).

Meanwhile chop fruit in large bowl, pour over cornmeal mixture, leave to cool, then put in fridge. Sprinkle with coconut and serve.

18.

CELERIAC FRITTERS Mabel Simmons 1 lb. celeriac 4 oz. wholemeal bread crumbs 1 tablespoon chopped parsley Sauce to bind and seasoning 1 onion 1 oz. margarine Peel and make stock of peelings. Grate celeriac on coarse grater, add chopped parsley, seasoning, fresh breadcrumbs and onion. Make into a stiff dough by adding thick sauce. Form into squares, dip into flour, fry both sides in hot fat, garnish with parsley.

COMFREY FRITTERS C. Hood Pick young leaves. Dip in cold water and then in batter, drop into sizzling fat and fry golden brown. Batter 1 heaped tbs. 100% flour, S. R. or plain plus 1 tsp. baking powder, 1 dsp. soya flour, 5 tbs. water, salt to taste. Mix flours and salt. Stir lightly into water. Beat well and leave in cool place for 10+ minutes.

SAVOURY NUT FRITTERS (for 2 persons) D Celnik 2 oz. mixed nuts 1 tsp. Barmene 2 oz wholemeal bread crumbs 1 tbs. chopped celery 1 oz. Allinson's bran 1 tbs. chopped raw cabbage $ oz. soya flour 1 large chopped raw onion 1 tsp. basil or herbs to taste oil for frying Mix all ingredients thoroughly with suffiecient hot water to give fairly firm consistency, adding chopped raw vegetables last. Leave about 15 minutes.

Coat with bread crumbs or bran. Shape and fry quickly on both sides.

RITA GREER'S EXTRAORDINARY CAKE see page 28 Flour: 1 oz. soya flour 6 oz. ground rice + 1 level tsp. calcium carbonate 1 oz. split pea flour (made in coffee grinder) 2 oz. ground walnuts or almonds 2 oz. fresh carrot

2^ oz. margarine J oz. dried yeast \ pint unsweetened orange juice | tsp. almond flavouring 1 oz. fruit sugar 3 oz. eating apple, sliced with skin left on

In a small saucepan, warm the fruit juice to bloodheat. Pour into the liquidizer goblet and sprinkle the dried yeast into it. Melt the margarine in the saucepan. Make up the flour in a mixing bowl. Pour on the melted margarine and mix in.

Put the almond flavouring, fruit sugar, apple and carrot into the liquidizer goblet, with the yeast and fruit juice. Liquidize and pour on to the flour mixture.

Put in chosen fruit and flavouring. Mix really well. Grease a Pyrex souffle dish and spoon in the mixture. Flatten the top with a knife. Bake at reg. 4 for about 1 hour. (Test with a skewer to see if It is done.) Leave in dish to cool. Store wrapped in a cool place. Keeps fresh for 1 week.

19.

^

LETTERS

AN APPRECIATION OF VEGANISM. So many articles are published in vegetarian magazines drawing our attention to the suffering caused to animals by factory farming methods, and also at that horror of horrors the slaughter house and animals in transit to that place. I find less emphasis is given to what we do to ourselves by our insensibility to the feelings of animals. Even the most sensitive little housewife who cries bitterly when she sees a fledgeling caught by a cat will give no thought to the death of poultry, pigs and bullocks in their hundreds. This is the unnatural life style we who live in towns and cities have come to accept as normal.

But once we break that eating habit instilled in us by our Mothers (and all loving Mothers way back through the centuries) we step into a new state of awareness. To describe this state is utterly impossible; to form words to describe it impossible. It quivers in the air, it echoes in the mind, a living and vibrating sense of awareness embracing all living things.

And when we prepare our simple vegan meal and sit down to eat it the awareness floods into us and over us in a great wave. We are at one with nature and all living things and all life force is at one with us. A bud or a leaf can stir in us a deep sense of belonging, and when we look at the animals we are moved by a feeling of compassion. For we are united with them in spirit and there is no boundary or division.

Veganism confers all this and with it comes a glorious sense of freedom.

We are so free from limitations of one sort and another, and we can stand and listen to nature singing all around us. How very fortunate we are.

Doreen Craddock

IMPROVED FOOD LABELLING PROPOSALS Progress, though slow, is being made in this direction, and could be speeded up even more were it not necessary to consult the EEC directive over each and every detail.

Nevertheless the combined Ministries of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; the Department of Health and Social Security; the Scottish Home and Health Department and the Department of Health and Social Services for Northern Ireland, are most helpful in keeping us informed of their deliberations, most of which are not of particular interest to vegans but have to be read through to find the odd item which does affect us.

Under current consideration by the Food Standards Committee is whether the commonly described 'edible fats' should be distinguished more accurately. If this proposal is adopted, food labels would have to state whether the fats used in their various products were of animal, vegetable, fish or whale origin.

To and fro correspondence is continuous to ensure that vegan interests are not overlooked and our work in this field would be greatly assisted if

20.

members with ten minutes to spare would write to the Food Standards Division, Room 419, Great Westminster House, Horseferry Road, London SW10 2AE, for a copy of the Review of Food Labelling Part 11, September, 1977. Then, send in your comments, preferably on one section which is of particular interest to vegans, such as the fats.

Remember, these 24 pages are only RECOMMENDATIONS. Now is the time and the opportunity to see that they are adopted.

Eva Batt LEATHER 1. I read your recent piece In the "Vegan" about leather. I also have given thought to this matter over the past few months, so perhaps I can share my views with you ?

Animals roaming free on the hillsides could hardly begin to provide for our shoe needs given our present population. First let us assume that there are 50 million people in the U. K. and that we each wear out two pairs of shoes a year. That is 100 million pairs of shoes Now let's say that each hide can be made into ten pairs of shoes. That means 10 million hides a year, which means 10 million deaths a year. Clearly our hillsides could hardly support that number of cattle. In fact there are only about 10 million cattle altogether in England and Wales at present, and most of those live for a few years. ("Farming in Britain Today" - J. G. S. and Frances Donaldson - Penguin.) It seems that we are not yet self-sufficient as regards our leather requirements, even with our present emphasis on animal farming.

So where does that leave us? Presumably we must learn to compromise.

As C. Hood says on the previous page to your piece:- "nothing is ever a simple black and white".

Ben Shanks LEATHER 2. With regard to Richard Watling's article "What Should We Wear?", the idea of using hilly areas for grazing sheep and using the hides of those who die naturally for leather seems quite sensible at first: but then who would undertake to skin the sheep and clean and tan the hide ? I am sure that the vast majority of vegans simply could not do this.

I do not believe that animals should be "used" at all - they should be allowed to be themselves; we have to get away from this idea that animals are "given" to humans to do with as they think fit. Mr. Watling is quite wrong if he thinks he has justified the use of leather - he seems to think that if vegans compromise their beliefs a little, then more people will join us. I am of the opposite opinion. I think that if vegans can prove that a life without any exploitation of animals is possible, then more people may be encouraged to realise that this is the right "— Nora Robertson

FRUITARIAN DIETS I have read with interest the article entitled "MINERALS" in the Autumn issue of "The Vegan" but feel there is need for clarification on various points.

1. Calcium - I find no mention at all of any fruit as a supply. I believe there are many calcium-rich fruits.

2. Similarly, no iron rich fruits are given. Why is this ?

3. "Fruitarian diets are inadequate in iron, as well as in calcium and protein, and if followed long enough result In nutritional deficiency." Many other diets may be inadequate in iron/calcium I However, exactly which "fruitarian diets" are not specified. A potato diet may well be inadequate, but it is still a vegan diet. A diet of apples may be inadequate, whilst a diet of bananas may suffice, both being fruitarian.

4. The above statement is an inverted CONCLUSION followed by its premise "At Kingston Hospital we have seen two children who developed rickets and anaemia and one who developed severe protein energy malnutrition and anaemia because they had been fed a frutitarian diet." (NOTE: the diet fed is not given ! ) The statement "Fruitarian diets are inadequate " is a non-sequitur since it is arrived at by reasoning from the particular (2 children) to the general (all children,) and does not stand as fact. In early chidhood I suffered from severe anaemia, rickets, croup and bronchitis and later had to forego games at school and lie on my back for part of the day, with leg, pelvic and spinal deformations; all this on a "rich orthodox diet" with milk, butter, cheese, eggs,, meat, fish & codliver oil and iron tonic! My sister on the same diet was perfectly healthy. If the authors had seen me at their clinic, they must surely have concluded that " rich orthodox diets" were inadequate : the proof was before them I I am sure however, they have come across present-day children on orthodox diets suffering from anaemia and rickets and if not,they will surely find them if they visit other hospitals. In fact the hospitals are full of orthodox diet people and children not fruitarian. If the two children in question are those of whom I am reminded, I must assure the authors that their illness arose not from a fruitarian diet but from a starvation diet, as from intimate knowledge I calculated that they were getting as little as one fifth requirement level.

Kwashiorkor occurs in diets far removed from fruitarian .

5. "A vegan diet is adequate supplemented with vitamin B12."

When I was a young mother (37 years ago) no-one had ever heard of vitamin B12, yet I kept my family healthy and myself,working full time, running an allotment, cycling and studying for a degree by study over meals. My son's health was admired by medical men when he was a boy, and they expressed great surprise to learn afterwards that he took no animal food. I have been a vegan for 41 years and it was my change of diet that brought about the great improvement in my health though the name "vegan" had not been coined.

Ruth Howard, B.A. Hons,

22.

EDITORIAL COMMENT There is a rapidly growing interest in the "fruitarian" diet and we hope to publish an article on it in the next issue of "The Vegan". There is no doubt that some people have derived benefit from diets that they term "fruitarian" (see letter page), others have tried and encountered difficulties.

A lot of confusion is caused by inexact use of the term. (A Fruitarian Society now defunct included eggs, described as "fruit of the hen" in their dietaryl) Botanically a fruit is the ripened ovary, ovary being the case holding the unfertilised ovules. On fertilisation the ovules develop into seeds and the ovary into the seed case or fruit. The function of the fruit is usually two fold: 1) to protect the developing seeds and 2) to aid their dispersal when ripe. The latter function can be secured by the case developing a succulent layer which attracts birds - and some mammals - who then pick it to eat and drop some of the seeds at sufficient distance from the parent plant for them to have room to grow. The function of an attractive succulent layer aiding dispersal in this manner is sometimes taken over by the swollen end of the ovary bearing stem.

In Botany such are termed "false fruits" e.g. strawberry, apple, because the succulent layer is not the developed ovary wall.

A diet consisting entirely of "fruit" In this scientific sense is rightly classified as deficient in protein, calcium and iron, for ordinary people, especially for children. It is such diets that have caused people to need hospital examination and to these that the article in the Autumn issue refers. That there are many types of conventional omnivorous diet that are deficient is obvious but one would not expect to see these listed in "The Vegan". However, a warning against "fruitarianism" strictly interpreted is very much needed.

A so called "fruitarian" diet which includes seeds, comes into a different category because seeds including nut kernels (botanically speaking the "fruit" of hazels, brazils, etc., are woody and almonds leathery and obviously inedible) and pulses, are rich in protein and other essential ingredients. Such diets should be called "fruit and seed". Frugivorous mammals in the wild, consume seeds as well as fruit and most of them eat green shoots and also, inadvertently, tiny creatures and micro-organisms that would provide Vitamin B12.

Fruits are seldom included in lists of calcium and iron rich fruits.

Bircher-Benner gives lemons and tangerines as comparatively rich in calcium and tangerines as rich in iron. Dried fruits should be included because they can be valuable sources of both iron and calcium and other minerals and they can be used as alternatives to sugar.

"The Composition of Foods" by McCance and Widdowson (pub. by Medical Research Council and obtainable from H. M. S. Office, 49 High Holborn, London WC1 V] gives the following details which readers may well like to add to their lists. We thank Ruth Howard for drawing our attention to their omission in the lists published in the Autumn issue of "The Vegan".

23.

For Calcium - dried figs 284 mgs per 100 grms, currants 95.2, apricots 92.00, raisins 60.60, dates 67.90, compare 1,160 mgs for sesame seeds, 845 for carrageen, 325 for brazils, 247 for almonds, 241 for soya flour, 810 for Cheddar cheese and 120 for cow milk.

For Iron - dried peaches 6.75 mgs per 100 grms, figs 4.17, apricots 4.09, prunes 2.90, currants and sultanas 1.82, raisins 1.55, dates 1.61, compare almonds 4.23, hazels 1.06, carrageen 8.88, spinach 4.00, turnip tops 3.08, parsley 8.00, eggs 2.53, milk 0.08, Cheddar cheese 0.57, beefstock 5.20.

However, we must remember that it is what the body can utilise that is of importance and this depends on many other factors than the ingredients actually present in the foods we eat, and also on their right combination with other chemical components of those foods. For example, Vitamin D and sufficient fat is necessary for the use of calcium, phytic and oxalic acid can check its utilisation and fresh fruit is given by Bircher Benner as aiding haemoglobin supply even though proportion by weight of the iron it contains, is low. The whole matter is extremely complex. I am sure that the advice given in Vegan Society publications to eat a varied diet of whole, fresh plant foods, a good proportion of them raw, and not to worry, is the best guide.

Kathleen Jannaway FROM A FRUITARIAN. My finger nails got squeezed between a folding chair fifty-seven years ago when I was six. They came off and a specialist said they would never be right again. They would start to grow and then come off again. Since turning fruitarian my nails have come to life again, most of them being perfect now. One of my friends describes it as a miracle - which is true. Also I have no chilblains now. My personality too has completely altered from introvert to outward looking, full of joy and happiness.

Our

diet must have plenty of fruit and milled nuts. I became a fruitarian in Nov. 1973.

Mary of Paignton.

WANT TO HELP ? I very much enjoyed the social "get together" after the AGM last October and hope to be able to come to Westminster Friends Meeting House on March 16th and 30th, both to hear the eminent speakers and to have the pleasure of meeting fellow vegans in the hour before the lectures.

At the AGM I also very much enjoyed meeting the staff from Plantmilk Ltd., and sampling their delicious new lines. I do hope they will be there again in March. I understand that they could put more new vegan foods on the market if they could get more financial support, and that they could employ more young, single vegans in worthwhile employment if only suitable accommodation was available in the district. What about moving to Folkestone in Kent, the Garden of England, and offering such accommodation? This would be an excellent way to help both veganism and the only company that produces solely vegan foods.

D. R. Winterton.

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WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT 1. Cleveland Hood, the Winter 1977 issue of "The Vegan", asks what one can do about foxes and rabbits. The answer is to let them be, not to shoot them.

If you shoot the foxes, the rabbit population will rise unchecked and be even more of a problem. If you shoot the rabbits you are taking away a valuable source of food of foxes, and then can you blame them for attacking your farmer daughter's geese? (Foxes do not, by the way, kill for no reason: when they are presented with a captive, artificially abundant and easy prey (such as in a chicken house) they will kill more than they need - and come back to bury the rest at a later date, for use when food is more scarce).

Robin Howard WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT 2. 1 write in response to Cleveland Hood's letter (Winter 1977) entitled "What would you do about i t ? " I assume that it is certain that the much-maligned fox did this to the geese, and not a dog. It seems to me that the fault must lie with the owner. We know that domestic and semi-domestic animals are always vunerable to wild animals, and it is up to us to prevent accidents from happening. Animals do not know how to behave to please us. To them, there is no good and bad, no right or wrong, there is just instinct. Nature has its own way, and it is not always wise to interfere.

Our superior brain does not give us the divine right to exploit this planet and everything on it. Animals were here first and they deserve consideration.

Look upon animals, tame or wild, as young children, since they are alike in many ways. No responsible, intelligent person will hit a child, and certainly none would kill a child, for bad behaviour. In this country, we do not even kill adults for crimes. To do so is wrong, because it demotes us to the level of savages, and makes us just as guilty as the original offender. It does not make reparation for the crime, it does not prevent further crime, and it does not help the victim (and remember that the offender is just as much a victim of the crime as those against whom the crime is committed). It is a savage, clumsy and incompetent way of dealing with the problem and does nothing more than show we are defeated. Human beings can and should be able to rise above this, and if modern man cannot do so with all the facilities at his disposal, then he has no right to call himself Homo Sapiens.

Ian Wood WOOL The production of clothing from natural fibres remains, all over the world, a natural industry and possibly, a cottage Industry. I very much wonder whether the 'non-biodegradable' materials are not also inherently linked with methods of production that degrade human beings , by such degradation creating the vicious circles of further exploitation and degradation in turn. Human beings, degraded in their own true nature, can scarcely be expected to care about the maltreatment of animals.

Shirley Ann Hardy

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ENDS AND MEANS. I am concerned about the growing amount of publicity being given those who in the name of animals take it upon themselves to do whatever they please including the use of force in various forms.

I became a vegetarian and then a vegan in 1970 because I believed that through abstention from the common everyday forms of exploitation of animals such as eating and wearing them and also by extension in the greater society by abstention from all other forms of animal exploitation such as vivisection, zoos, circuses, medicines, etc. the average person and society at large, could become more peaceful, thus increasing the chances of human survival in this and future ages and enhancing human evolution towards its natural goal of love and respect for all beings, both human and animal.

Now, it seems, there are those who proclaim themselves animal liberators but who obviously do not cherish the dignity of thos humans with whom, we, as vegans, disagree. Thus, these so called liberators and saboteurs evidently practise the same sort of thing practised by every great and small dictator, the belief and action based on that belief, that the end justifies the means.

Our principles call for respect for all life. Surely this includes the naive carnivore, the naive hunter, the naive researcher, who does not share our values but might if reason or the heart were appealed to. They will only respond to force with force and deaf ears, minds and hearts. Let us remember that Vegetas means "full of life" and the potential for improvement of that life.

Bob Pinkus, National Co-ordinator, Vegetarian Association of America EDITORIAL COMMENT It is good to use our legal rights to demonstrate our concern for cruelly exploited animals. It is good to march, leaflet, lobby, use every means in our power to inform the ignorant and arouse the insensitive and thus give them the

freedom to choose to do the right. But the moment we take to violence the good is undone. Violence and lawlessness breed violence and lawlessness and in the ensueing chaos the weak, including the animals, suffer most.

It is particularly regrettable that the animal exploiters are being given this boost, when the committed people in the animal activist movement are being so successful in arousing the public conscience. The rule should be that if you cannot trust yourself to be non-violent, do not demonstrate with those who can. You may get "something out of your system" but you will not help the animals or your fellow demonstrators.

Especially to be commended are the people who kept up the anti-fur leafleting outside Harrods from December 10th to January 14th. Patience and courtesy were the qualities most needed - and most in evidence. The impression on the public was obviously great.

A Sussex judge freed five activists who were caught freeing battery hens and another commented on those who had given way to vindictive destruction "It would be understandable if they were freeing animals:" Such understanding could not have been dreamed of a few years ago.

Kathleen Jannaway 26

Book Review BE NICE TO NATURE by Greet Bucher and Fieke Hoogvelt. Prism Press, Stable Court, Chalmington, Dorchester, £3.50 - hard backed with 97 pages.

An excellent collection of ideas to help maintain our own lives whilst "interfering with Nature as little as possible". Wherever positive, co-operative measures are possible the authors recommend them; in situations where competition is inevitable, methods that do the least possible harm to our fellow inhabitants of the planet are suggested. This collection is the fullest I have yet found; as regards plant health, there are many ideas I am looking forward to trying out; useful pages deal with the question of keeping rabbits, dogs, moles, out of the garden; and the last section of the book is on "How to keep Pests out of the House" For those town flat-dwellers who by-pass problems by letting commercial growers deal with "pests" for them, the book can provide useful talking points to use when accused - sometimes justifiably! - of lack of realism.

THE SOYBEAN GROW AND COOK BOOK by R. G. Whisker and Pamela Dixon Gerald Duckworth & Co., 43 Gloucester Crescent, London N. W. 1 £1. 00, stiff, 64 pages Tcan strongly recommend the first half of this little book to anyone Interested in the soy bean, the little seed that seems destined to dominate all our lives, and especially to those who want to grow it themselves. Mr. Whisker, is rightly nicknamed "Mr. Soya Bean" for he has made the cultivation of the soya plant in this country his chief pre-occupation for well over ten years. He says - "Growing soy bean is in fact equivalent to keeping a cow" and "the protein content is superior to that of the finest beef" and "you can turn some of the crop into soy milk". This being so, it is very regrettable that Pamela Dixon finds it necessary to include meat as well as dairy products in her recipes. Some of her titles alone are sickening to one with sensibilities no longer dulled by habit.

Some of her recipes and practical hints are useful but she should have stressed more the indigestibility of raw soy bean; for babies and some adults this can be very dangerous.

BEAN CUISINE Beverly White. Routledge & Kegan Paul. £2. 50, stiff backed, 136 pages.

In welcome contrast to Pamela Dixon, Beverly White stresses the importance of beans as an alternative to meat for the sake of the animals, the environment and the healthy feeding of the rapidly increasing human population.

Her attractively produced book gives a wealth of ideas and recipes presented with clarity and humour - very useful to vegans and ideal as a gift for those still worried about "enough variety" in alternatives to animal products.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF METAPHYSICAL MEDICINE Benjamin Walker.

Routledge & Kegan Paul. £6. 75, hard backed, 300 pages.

I found this book much too good! I really have neither time nor inclination to dabble in such matters, but having once opened it, I found it difficult to put down. It deals with such a wealth of subjects with such clarity and with

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such admirable objectivity that it must command the respect of the sceptic as well as delight the student. A growing disillusionment with aspects of orthodox medicine is causing many to seek alternatives (Those who wish to avoid dependence on the vivisection laboratories must do so!), but there is little to protect the ignorant (and sometimes gullible!) from self-styled healers. The wealth of information given in this book provides an admirable guide in the complex field not only of alternative therapies but of human nature itself and the beliefs and practices of the species Homo (Sapiens?) through the ages. For those who want to know something of many old teachings now being re-discovered, as well as new ideas, but have not time to read specialist writings, this book is invaluable.

It is clearly presented and with long reading list for further study. I found it both entertaining and profound.

EXTRAORDINARY KITCHEN NOTEBOOK, written, illustrated and published

by Rita Greer, 44 Wallisdean Avenue, Portsmouth.

Invented to help her husband, suffering from multiple pclerosis, Rita Greer's recipes are of interest to those wishing, for health reasons, ilo experiment with diets free of gluten, cholesterol, artificial additives, sugar, albumen, milk and low in sodium and saturated fat, and also to any who like to try unusual recipes. Her book is attractively produced, written and illustrated.

Also by the same author:- "The First Clinical Ecology Cookbook" and Rita Greer's second kitchen notebook - "Fruit and Vegetables in Particular".

"MEEKMAN'S INHERITANCE", poems written and produced by Howard Owen Griffiths, "New Rustic Publishing", 31 Langton Road, Norton, Malton, N. Yorks.

So little to pay for contact with an aware and sensitive mind.' (20 pence + 9 pence) "AHIMSA" (Bimonthly magazine). Veganism, natural living, non-violence organ of the American Vegan Society. Annual subscription S3 or ÂŁ1.25. Write for free sample, booklist, information: American Vegan Society, PO Box H, Malaga, New Jersey, 08328, U.S. A. ^ZtfTfeSL OS VEGAN VIEWS After 2 j years and 13 duplicated issues of the Vegan Newsletter we changed over last November to a new name, Vegan Views, and also to printing, which has given us the opportunity to be much more creative in terms of design and artwork and enabled us to produce a more visually attractive publication.

By the time this is read the Spring issue of Vegan Views will be out. Included in this issue are articles on the Vegan Cafe (which has now closed), a mid-Devon garden and allotment, and vegetarianism/veganism in Singapore.

There are two discussions on diet, from macrobiotic and fruitarian angles and, as usual, letters, poems, recipes, etc. Later this year we intend to publish a new up-to-date Contacts List of all our readers over the country and hope that, like the first List last May, this will help to stimulate local contact.

A subscription to Vegan Views, which comes out quarterly, is 90p for four issues but if you would like a free sample copy of the current issue please send a 7p stamp to us at 12 Wray Crescent, London N4 3LP. „a Malcolm Horne

THE ENFIELD BOUTIQUE 123/5 Baker St , Enfield EN1 3HA

(01 363 2982)

YOUR OWN STORE FOR VEGAN COMMODITIES where you will find hundreds of REAL vegetarian products Including TOILET SOAPS, SHAMPOOS & COSMETICS of all (vegan) kinds made by ALO, BEAUTY WITHOUT CRUELTY, CHARLES PERRY, DEIMEL, JABLEY, LUSTY S, McCLINTON'S, MODERN HEALTH, NATURAL WOMAN, PURE PLANT PRODUCTS VEGECOS, WELEDA, YIN YANG etc AND .

CLEANING MATERIALS such as WASHING-UP LIQUID, HOUSEHOLD SOAPS, SPONGES, DUSTERS, TEA TOWELS, CAR POLISHERS, and the popular ENFIELD PLUS CHAMMY which does all that an animal washleather will do, wears better and costs far less. (NO price rise in five years! Probably a record?)

AND....

VEGAN COOKERY and other BOOKS.

AND

A selection of HEALTH FOODS (no pills or potions).

ARTIST'S BRUSHES.

AND

AND

EDUCATIONAL, self-adhesive signs for Home, Shop, Club or Car "NO SMOKING PLEASE. PEOPLE ARE BREATHING" (3 for 25p and stamp).

AND

SHOES

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•*}

&

IN THE FOOTWEAR DEPARTMENT A good selection of completely non-leather, British Made, Shoes, economically priced and designed for COMFORT - no 'high fashion' styles.

PAY US A VISIT Try on Shoes and test Cosmetics, Creams, Soaps and Perfumes without obligation.

Browse among Books, Journals and free Leaflets.

We are over ENFIELD TYRE CO. on the W8 'bus route, or 6 mins. walk from ENFIELD TOWN stn. - going North. The BOUTIQUE is OPEN on Mondays, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. (CLOSED on Tuesdays and Wednesdays).

If you cannot call, shop at home in comfort and with confidence. Just send 15p (stamps will do) and a largish 9^p stamped addressed envelope for illustrated leaflets, price lists and order forms.

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. Why not help yourself and the cause by supporting this VEGAN ENTERPRISE, all the profits from which help the Society to spread the message of veganism.

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SHOPPING WITH EVA We are often puzzled when reading the listed ingredients on food containers. Are the emulsifiers, permitted dyes, flavourings, edible fats, etc. of animal or vegetable origin?

Please write to the manufacturer for more detailed information (forwarding the reply to the Society) and remember to mention eggs - which are often overlooked by the producer (not the REAL producer, the hen!) as they are neither 'meat' nor 'dairy produce'. Also include dried or de-fatted milk in your enquiries as, for some unaccountable reason, some manufacturers do not look upon this as dairy produce.'

Unless the vegan relies on first-hand, whole, untreated, unrefined and unprocessed foods he can never be absolutely sure that what he is eating has no connection whatever with the exploitation of animals - such are the ramifications of food production and treatment today in an effort to increase yields, blow up the size (and profits) and improve the shelf life of our comestibles.

This leaves us with nuts, whole grains, unsprayed apples etc., bananas, avocados and the like, from reputable producers plus, best of all, home (veganically) grown fruit and vegetables and herbs.

While we realise that this is not possible for many of us, we can still follow the principles of veganlsm as far as is possible in our own situation, avoiding all flesh, dairy products and foods containing them.

Vegan soaps, washing up liquid and toiletries containing no lanolin etc., are now comparatively plentiful, as are alternatives to leather, and as far as those things which cannot yet be avoided such as travelling on a 'bus which may have leather belting or some whale oil in the sump; let us do what we can by co-operating with any group working to this end. Remember that because something is listed as containing no whale oil, or is not involved in vivisection, it does not follow that it is vegan - or vegetarian for that matter.

It is a welcome sign of the times that animal welfare and other progressive societies are concerning themselves more and more with the ingredients in everyday products. Friends of the Earth, deeply concerned about the fate of whales and the exceptionally cruel methods of slaughter adopted, are warning people that Great Britain is still importing whale products and sperm whale oil is widely used in the treatment of hides for saddles, shoes, bags, coats, etc.

(We have mentioned this before, but It bears repeating - some other countries have banned the use of whale products altogether.)

The R. S. P. C. A. looks very thoroughly into the testing of cosmetic ingredients - whether animal or vegetable - in animal laboratories (The Vegan, Winter '77).

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VEGAN FOODS Christys (Bread) Residents in Manchester may be able to get bread from local shops which has been baked by Christys of West Didsbury. This, we are assured, contains no lard or other animal fats.

Osem (Soups) MUSHROOM SOUP MIX, in cubes, remains vegan.

Crosse & Blackwell (Soups) CANNED VEGETABLE SOUP and CANNED FARMHOUSE SOUP. Sainsbury's (Crispbreads) WHEAT or RYE CRISPBREAD. Starch reduced WHEAT or RYE CRISPBREAD. Sainsbury's (Biscuits) STRAWBERRY FLAVOUR SAND WAFER, CHOCOLATE FLAVOUR FILLED WAFER. Sainsbury's (Snacks) PLAIN CRISPS. SALT & VINEGAR CRISPS. POTATO CRISPS. Sainsbury's add " . . . but no guarantee can be given that products will not be modified". This applies to almost all foods other than those made specifically for vegetarians by manufacturers such as Direct Foods , Granose, Plantmilk etc., which is why it is necessary to KEEP READING THE CONTAINERS. Nestles (Desserts) FULCREEM CUSTARD POWDER. Jus-Rol (Desserts) VEGETARIAN PUFF PASTRY in the plum coloured wrapper.

Crosse & Blackwell (Savouries) SPAGHETTI RINGS with TOMATO SAUCE. Some of you have asked about the amount of vitamin B12 in GRAPE NUTS. Answer: 1.5 micrograms (ug) per oz, or 5. 3 ug per 100 grams when packed.

Maggi (Soups) SPRING VEGETABLE and FRENCH FRIED ONION in sachets.

Bellis (Confectionary) APRICOT FRUIT BARS. Kelller (Confectionary) FRUIT BON BONS. BRUSHES Harris Industrial Painting & Decorating Brushes. All those marked OREL or GRANYI have man made filaments. For list of brushes currently available, please send S. A . E . to the Hon. Secretary at 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Sy. NON- VEGAN Associated Health Foods. As the manufacturers propose to add whey and honey to their Fruit and Nut bars (The Vegan, Winter '77, p. 26), in future these should be deleted from the Vegan Food Lists.

Crawfords of Edinburgh now inform us that they DO use lard in their bread, contrary to an earlier statement ( The Vegan, Winter '77), adding "vegetable oil is too expensive to use on such a large scale". Please correct your copy.

General Foods. Birds Instant Whip, all flavours, contain lactose, whey and lecithin and are not suitable for vegans.

Spillers do not produce a non-meat alternative to their canned Pet Foods.

Nicholas Radox Pine Bath Salts contain lanolin. Showerfresh and Matey are vegan in content but we have no assurances regarding testing.

Johnsons of Piccadilly Meadow Herbs Toilet Preparations all contain honey and

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beeswax. Again no information regarding testing.

Garsalle. This manufacturer is not prepared to answer further enquiries about the ingredients in Oil of Ulay, but some time ago explained that it does contain an 'extract from sheeps wool' - not lanolin.

FOOTWEAR DUNLOP This manufacturer is prepared to go more deeply into their products than most. Although Rubber Safety Boots, 'Wellies' and P. V. C. Industrial Boots appear to be, and might be, completely vegan in that they use latex (rubber) adhesives; during certain manufacturing processes, these may contain some powdered glue which could be of animal origin. But "Protective Wellingtons in Boys and Youths sizes, code 6258, should be free from any animal preparations, provided that the cotton lining, when strengthened during weaving, was not subjected to an animal based glue!'. Probably as near vegan as any, and if all answers were as explicit as this we would find many 'excepts', 'buts', possiblys', 'might sometimes' etc. In the case of Dunlop Footwear, we know exactly where, and in what, we stand.

ANOTHER MAKE-UP PARTY AT THE ENFIELD BOUTIQUE SUNDAY, MAY 14TH at 2.00 p.m.

Tickets from 123 Baker Street, Enfield, EN1 3HA, are ÂŁ2 each. As these will be exchanged on the day for anything in the Boutique to that value: soap, toiletries, shoes, household items, cosmetics, books, make-up or health foods, you cannot miss! Carrier bags supplied.

Light Refreshments.

(Contributions to the table will be welcomed.)

Eva's "make-up party" on February 12th was such a success and so many would-be attenders had to be disappointed, that she felt that she had to somehow find time for another one. Send for your ticket early and come along and learn from an expert how to make the best of yourself.

HOW TO GET THERE By train to Enfield Station or by road to Enfield Town. Then, walking or riding, due North along Silver Street, passing the Civic Centre on your right.

The Boutique is the first shop past Parsonage Lane, on your right - by the telephone box. Six to seven minutes' walk.

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PERSONAL ADVERTISEMENTS (Please send to the Secretary, 47 Highlands Rd. Leatherhead, Surrey by May 1st for next issue. Rate 4p a word: box nos. 7p extra).

MAKE BREAD WITHOUT YEAST ? Read: THE PRISTINE LOAF The therapeutic benefits of Sourdough Bread. With recipes. From Healthfood Shops or: , Roundhay, LEEDS 8.

NEWLY FORMED Essex branches of Beauty Without Cruelty and National Anti-Vivisection Society require support. If you are interested, please telephone Rayleigh Essex 770405.

THE ISLE OF WIGHT ANIMAL PRESERVATION AND ACTION GROUP hope to help all animals. It is also our aim to .emulate vegan and vegetarian ideals.

Please write for details to John Amsden, Meadlands, Atherfield Green, Chale, Ventnor, Isle of Wight.

"MASSAGE, GESTALT, GUIDED IMAGERY". Mind and body inter-relate.

Long standing tensions in both can be helped by this combination of methods which takes account of their inter-action. Therapist trained for three years in the use of these techniques. London area. Box No. 16.

FEMALE VEGAN (25), seeks employment: 20 mile radius Llangollen.

Interests: promoting veganism; yoga; herb/vegetable growing; children (N. N. E. B.); horseriding/trekking; Friends of the Earth. Accommodation needed. Available February. Box No. 13.

The NATURAL HEALTH CLINIC - under the Personal Supervision of the Principal Norman Eddie. The Clinic specialises in the Naturopathic approach to health problems including: Gynaecology, Arthritis, Skin Complaints, Allergies, Gaetro-Intestinal and all forms of disease affecting the Nervous System. Why not write or telephone our receptionist for an appointment. The Natural Health Clinic, 133 Gatley Rd., Gatley, Cheadle, Cheshire. Tel. 061 428 4980.

ETHICAL VEGAN AND ADORABLE DOG (also vegan) seek accommodation, self-contained or share with other(s). Anywhere considered. Please write Box No. 14.

VEGAN MAN (28) driver, domesticated, seeks employment, preferably of a domestic nature as I would like to live in, so amount of pay not that important.

Anything considered. Please write to: Box 15.

SITUATIONS VACANT - VEGANIC Capable person urgently needed for some varied clerical and light household work Free accommodation and small wage offered Lady with child considered Opportunity to learn fundamentals of the Veganic method Write giving full particulars of self which will be treated in the strictest confidence. Stamped addressed envelope must be enclosed. ALSO: TRAINEE INSTRUCTOR REQUIRED - male or female - to be trained to give instruction to those who wish to learn the veganic system of horticulture Initially for the Linford Manor garden, Milton Keynes. Interesting prospects and possible partnership. Stamped addressed envelope for application form.

VEGANIC, 73 Crispin Road, Bradville I, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, or Telephone Milton Kevnes 315917 after 6p.m.

I AM LOOKING FOR WORK, until September, on an organic farm or smallholding near St. Albans. Anything considered. Some previous experience. Contact

YOUNG MAN, 23, hopes to end his study in Holland at a biological dynamic horticultural school in June, successfully. As I am a vegan, I would like to find work in the field of horticulture based on vegan principles. So through this advert, I hope to get into contact with a) a person b) a market garden or guest house, or an institute, so I can work in this field. G. L. van Dam c/o Kochstraat, 72 Grossineen. Netherlands.

TRAINING COURSES - VEGA NIC. 1978 training sessions in veganic horticulture commence this Spring. Training sites at Cheddar, Somerset, Linford Manor garden, Milton Keynes and Hatherop Castle Garden, Gloucestershire Write enclosing stamped addressed envelope for Prospectus: Veganic, 73 Crispin Road, Bradville I, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire.

ACCOMMODATION WANTED in Wembley to rent or In return for housekeeping, typing, etc. Ring 903 3537 or write Box 12. ( ^ j f ^ J - -

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V E G A N LA ND P R O J E

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I am hoping that we will find some suitable land soon so that we can make a start. The project will be open to all who want to live and work on the land and we welcome financial help big or small, loan or gift, from all those who realise the importance of a vegan land venture. People are going back to the land, but most of them think it is necessary to keep animals - and they are killing their own animals too. We must demonstrate that this is not necessary.

We will of course avoid all animal based fertilisers, so the food we grow will be truly vegan. "Organically" grown food usually means animal manure, and often "blood, bone and hoof" from the slaughter house as well.

Âť

In our kitchens, we will try to make vegan whole foods so interesting that no one

will want anything else. I am sure that a vegan world will only become a reality through the success of projects like this, so I hope you will give it all the support you can.

It is already happening in the U. S. A . , at a place called The Farm, in Tennessee (38483). They started in 1971 with 250 people, on 1,750 acres of woodland. They are now more than 1,100 strong and still growing. They have cleared a few hundred acres, on which they grow food for themselves and for selling, and they do hundreds of things besides (some paying work, and some charity work, inside and outside the U. S. A . ) . We can get something similar to The Farm going in Britain.

It is up to vegans to make sure that the back to the land movement is a vegan back to the land movement. Those that actually take part in this project need the support of the rest of Britain's vegans. The Vegan Council will give us what support they can within the terms of the Registered Charity Regulations.

If you can join us or help us financially (loan or gift) please do so now - or write to others who could help us in some way with money, labour, tools, advice, or news of suitable land available. A quote from one of the Tennessee Farm Books is: "If not you, who? If not now, when?" (Hillel) Bob Howes, The Hut, Richmond Street, Ashton under Lyne, Tameside. Manchester.

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RESEARCH - URGENT Professor J. W. T. Dickerson, Dr. F. R. Ellis and Miss N. M. Murch wish to investigate the vitamin D, vitamin C, and Red Cell fragility in Vegans.

This would entail a visit to Kingston Hospital preferably fasting and having blood samples taken. This is very important research and it is hoped that as many vegans as possible will co-operate.

MRS HARDWICK AND SCHOOL DINNERS. Mrs Hardwick has now won grudging permission for her daughter to take sandwiches for school dinner. Please write to Shirley Williams and ask that this right be granted to all parents.

MILK SUBSIDIES It is time too to write again to the Ministry of Health and Social Security and appeal for financial help for parents bringing up their children with plant instead of animal milk, whether their reasons be ethical or medical. Approval of our diet Is growing so among doctors and nutritionists that if enough people write we may be listened to.

A.G.M. 1978

The A. G. M. this year will be held at Westminster Friend's Meeting House again on October 7th. The evening speaker will be Stephen Clark, author of the Moral Status of Animals" and member of the Vegan Society - one of the forthright young academics who are doing so much to forward Animal Rights. He is lecturer in Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow.

FROM THE TREASURER Bank handling charges are now a minimum of 75p for foreign cheques so will OVERSEAS MEMBERS please use International Money Coupons or send extra to cover.

If you remember us in your will, our correct name is simply - THE VEGAN SOCIETY and in future our registered address will be 47 Highlands Road, Leather head, Surrey, England.

Copies of "Intensive Gardening" by R.D. O'Brien -see page 9, can be borrowed from the Secretary, return postage ÂŁ1.20 and a returnable deposit of ÂŁ10.00.

HEAVY HORSE PRESERVATION SOCIETY. Since the onset of farm mechanisation, 999 in 1,000 of our farm horses have been slaughtered and, their employment being considered uneconomic, the slaughter still continues.

The Heavy Horse Preservation Society begs for donations for a rescue fund to buy and care for a few of the survivors. Gifts of jewellery old coins, used stamps or anything else for sale in the Society's shop are also welcome.

So far, the Society has bought nineteen horses. This is the final hour of need for animals that have served us all so faithfully and so well. Help is now urgently needed and deeply appreciated.

R. G. Hooper, Treasurer, Heavy Horse Preservation Society, Old Rectory, Whitchurch, Salop. SY13 1LF. 35

HOLIDAYS FOLKESTONE Comfortable holiday flatlet. Sleeps two.. Self-catering Mrs Allen, Folkestone 0303 56327 DEVON, Ilfracombe - "Fairwynds" Vegetarian Guest House offers healthful holidays with natural, whole foods, compost grown produce and home baking.

Vegans are welcome. Elizabeth Burton (V. C. A. member) Tel. 62085.

NEWQUAY. Accommodation and self-catering facilities are available for up to three vegans/vegetarians in a cliff-top cottage overlooking the Harbour.

No vacancies August. Miss Doney, Newquay, Cornwall TR7 1EZ. VEGAN/VEGETARIAN ACCOMMODATION in charming cottage on high road between Inverness and Nairn. Good tourist centre, walking, golf course, seabeach nearby. Guests welcome all year. Box No. 17 SAILING CRUISES with vegan couple on 6-berth ketch. Families or unaccompanied children welcome. N.Wales, Scotland, Shetland. £50-£85p.wk.

S.a.e. to Brian & Wendy Burnett, Min-y-grug, Llandegla, (Nr. Wrexham), Clwyd LLU 3AA. PERTHSHIRE. Brook Linn, Callander. Vegetarian and Vegan Meals carefully prepared and attractively served. Comfortable Guest House - near Trossachs and West Highlands. . Tel. Callander 30103 (SDT 0877).

BRANKSOME, POOLE, Dorset. Accommodation offered to vegans/vegetarians, non-smokers, holiday or permanent, self-catering or half board. H.Mather, ., Branksome, Poole, BH12 1BG. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

CORNWALL.

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* "WOODCOTE", THE SALTINGS, LELANT, ST. IVES. * *

Tel: HAYLE 3147 *

Vegetarian/Vegan Holiday Centre overlooking Hayle Estuary.

C. H. and H. & C. in all rooms

* *

*

SPIRITUAL HEALING by arrangement * (John Blackaller D. C. H. A . ) Brochure etc. from vegan Proprietors- John & Miss Hazel Blackaller.* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Next "VEGAN" due out on June 21st.

Copy date for articles, letters and advertisements May 1st. Already promised - article on Fruitarianism by Dr Frey Ellis and a report on children brought up on Plamil.

When you have finished with your copy of the "VEGAN" leave it around for others. Does your library have a copy ? - supplied free.

36

BEAUTY WITHOUT Natural PERFUME AVOCADO LOTUS

:

Fragrant ROSE

TOILET

PETAL

Creations SKIN

:

SOAPS

GENERAL PURPOSE

EYE

:

BATH

MAKE-UP

DEODORANT

POWDER

CLEANSING

FRESHENER

PINE F O A M

SHAMPOO

FACE

NEW-.

Flower

SATIN LOTION

FLOWER

CUCUMBER

CRUELTY

&

TALCUM

MILK SOAP

&

AFTER

SHAVE

& WASHING-UP

LIQUID

Obtainable f r o m Health Stores or Beauty without Cruelty Boutiques in: ENFIELD . LEEDS . LONDON . EDINBURGH . DUNDEE & STANFORD (Lincolnshire) BWC, 1 C A L V E R L Y

MILK THAT'S NEVER EVER SEEN A COW!

PARK, TUNBRIDGE WELLS,

KENT

It's 100% vegetable ... made f r o m the soya bean and packed with protein and goodness. Its production involves no exploitation of animals. T h e flavour is quite delicious—all the family, particularly the children will love it Y o u can drink it on its o w n as a super health drink or use it on breakfast cereals, in c o f f e e or tea or in dishes such as milk puddings and custards. What's more it will keep in tue can just as long as you want to keep it. A w o n d e r f u l l y versatile and nutritious f o o d ... Golden A r c h e r Beanmilk by Itona. It's at your health f o o d store.

'Golden Archer*

BEANMILK The

Milk

That's

100%

Non-Animal

CRANKS

H£ALTW

William

FOODS

A l a M l S t r u t - Uruim Wl

35 Castle Street ^utldfoni • Surry 13 R*s Stmt'

Vartnumtk"Vrnm

3 5 Hirjk Stmt - Tctrvs -Vc\vn

Also CRANKS

RESTAURANT

IN

H E A L ' S , 196 T O T T E N H A M W.l.

CRANKS

R E S T A U R A N T , SHINNERS BRIDGE, D A R T I N G T O N ,

PLAMIL

COURT

DEVON.

range is exclusively vegan

PLANTMILK:

DELICE

SA-VREE: CULINARY

HERBS

and n o w : PLANTMILK

RICE with

—

(unpolished)

STORE

PUDDING

sultanas.

Please place a regular o r d e r w i t h HEALTH

t o ensure

products

your

always

F o r literature write (s.a.e. please) :

RD..

available.

PLANTMILK LTD. Plamil House, Bowles Well Gdns. Kent, Folkestone