The ELISpot assay is a highly sensitive and versatile tool used to measure cell-mediated immune responses. By measuring the secretion of cytokines or other molecules on a per-cell basis, ELISpot can detect low frequencies of cytokine-secreting cells, making it useful for detecting rare cell populations or low-level immune responses. ELISpot assays can be adapted to measure different cytokines or molecules, providing important information about the immune response to various diseases, vaccines, or immunotherapies. Despite some limitations, ELISpot remains a valuable tool for measuring cell-mediated immune responses in both clinical and research settings.