Virginia's High Demand Occupations List

Centura College, College Norfolk

Framatome Inc., Lynchburg

Beanstalk Farms, Fairfax County

Virginia’s High Demand Occupations List December 2023 Virginia Board of Worforce Development

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

3

Virginia's High Demand Occupations List

6

The Virginia Board of Workforce Development’s High Demand Occupations List

6

Other References to High Demand Occupations and Lists in Virginia’s Code, Budget, and Federal Policy Implementation Documents

7

Use of the High Demand Occupations List in Practice

9

Data & Methods

10

Five Criteria Used to Define the Virginia High Demand/Public Training Use Case Occupations List

11

Understanding the 2024 High Demand Occupations

13

Appendix

18

Appendix A: 2024 High Demand Occupations List Categorized

by SOC Major Group

19

Appendix B: Select Stakeholder Meetings

35

This report was produced by the Virginia Office of Education Economics (VOEE) on behalf of the Virginia Board of Worforce Development.

Executive Summary

3

Executive Summary The Virginia Board of Workforce Development (VBWD) oversees the Virginia Workforce System. One of its responsibilities is to publish the biennial list of high demand occupations. The VBWD commissioned the Virginia Office of Education Economics (VOEE) to compile the high demand occupations list for the Board’s approval starting in 2023. The full 2024 High Demand Occupations List is available in Appendix A of this report and may be downloaded from the 2024 Virginia High Demand Occupations Dashboard located at www.VOEE.org/data.

While the Code of Virginia mandates the publication of a high demand occupations list, it does not mandate its use by any agency or for any policy. However, there are many references to high demand or in-demand occupations in Code, Budget, and Virginia’s implementation of federal policy. In these references, the definition of "high demand" is not always clear, and it may differ among them. In practice, the High Demand Occupations List is used by agencies and in policy as a reference, but it is not prescriptive. In the future, Virginia may want to consider better aligning the list with other policy and practice that reference high demand occupations.

Creating the 2024 High Demand Occupations List was a collaborative effort involving a diverse group of stakeholders from the state government, the public workforce, and the education sector. The methodology for the list uses five key criteria to determine the occupations that are most aligned with short and medium-term education and training offered through the public workforce system and funded by Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) dollars. These include: ■

Minimum Annual Wage

■

Typical Entry-Level Education

■

Average Annual Openings

■

Projected Job Growth

■

Qualified Registered Apprenticeship

This methodology results in a list of 361 occupations representing 45 percent of the labor market and all of Virginia’s 17 Career Clusters. Over half of these occupations require less than a Bachelor’s degree making them suitable for fast-paced training to work.

Figure 1 2024 High Demand Occupations as a Percentage of Total Occupations (SOCs)

45%

55%

High Demand (361) Non High Demand (437)

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Table 1 Occupation Selection by Virginia's 17 Career Cluster Framework

Career Cluster

2024 High Demand Occupations

Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources

14

Architecture & Construction

39

Arts, Audio/Video Technology & Communications

13

Business Management & Administration

35

Education & Training

22

Energy

4

Finance

18

Government & Public Administration

9

Health Science

31

Hospitality & Tourism

18

Human Services

26

Information Technology

15

Law, Public Safety, Corrections & Security

16

Manufacturing

57

Marketing

20

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics

17

Transportation, Distribution & Logistics

27

Total (Unique Standard Occupational Classification codes)

361

VOEE has launched a user-friendly dashboard at www.VOEE.org/data to support the 2024 High Demand List.

This interactive tool allows users to access and customize the 2024 High Demand Occupations List, along with detailed labor market data for Virginia occupations. It features information on employment, earnings, job openings, and five-year projections for each occupation. The dashboard also shows how occupations align with various workforce programs and enables users to tailor data based on local areas, career clusters, and educational levels.

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Virginia’s High Demand Occupations List

6

Virginia’s High Demand Occupations List The Virginia Board of Workforce Development’s High Demand Occupations List The Virginia Board of Workforce Development (VBWD) oversees the Virginia Workforce System, including Virginia’s High Demand Occupations List. The Board was established to fulfill the requirements of the federal Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), which provides funding to help job seekers access employment, education, and training and to match employers with skilled workers. The Board works with the Governor, the General Assembly, and the Secretary of Labor to meet workforce development needs in the Commonwealth.

The Code of Virginia outlines the responsibilities of the VBWD, including publishing the biennial list of high demand Occupations.1 Section § 2.2-2472 directs the VBWD to determine and publish a list of jobs, trades, and professions for which a high demand for qualified workers exists or is projected by the Department of Workforce Development and Advancement (DWDA). The Board must then disseminate the list to a wide array of stakeholders, including employers; education and training entities, including associate- and baccalaureate-granting public institutions of higher education; government agencies, including the Department of Education and public libraries; and other users in the public and private sectors.

The Virginia Office of Education Economics (VOEE) is a close partner of the VBWD and the DWDA. VOEE was commissioned to compile the list for the Board’s approval starting in 2023. The full 2024 High Demand Occupations List is available in Appendix A of this report.

Other References to High Demand Occupations and Lists in Virginia’s Code, Budget, and Federal Policy Implementation Documents While the Code of Virginia mandates the publication of a high demand occupations list, it does not mandate its use by any agency or for any policy. However, there are many references to high demand or in-demand occupations in Code, Budget, and Virginia’s implementation of federal policy. In these references, the definition of "high demand" is not always clear, and it may differ among them. Some agencies use the VBWD's high demand occupations list as a reference, but it is at their discretion. In the future, Virginia may want to consider better aligning the list with other policy and practice that reference high demand occupations.

Virginia Department of Education The VBWD is not the only entity in Virginia with a mandate to develop a high demand occupations list. The Virginia Department of Education (VDOE) is also required to compile a list of high demand occupations. Virginia Code

1

This is only a requirement through Virginia Code. WIOA does not mandate states to publish high demand occupations lists, but most do.

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section § 22.1-253.13:1 directs the VDOE to create an annual list of the state’s top 100 professions and distribute it to local school boards to include in students' academic and career plans (ACPs).

Workforce Credential Grant and G3 Programs Other legislation requires lists of high demand fields or programs, which are tied to high demand occupations.

The code establishing the New Economy Workforce Credential Grant Fund and Program (WCG) directs the VBWD to maintain and update a list of high demand fields and related noncredit workforce training programs and noncredit workforce credentials (§ 23.1-627.5). Similarly, a list of eligible high demand fields aligned to Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) is included as part of the state’s budget for the Get Skilled, Get a Job, Give Back Fund and Program (G3).

Other references to high demand occupations and fields in the Virginia Code and Budget are less well-defined.

For example, ■

■

■

■

■

§ 23.1-203: The State Council of Higher Education for Virginia (SCHEV) must review the closure of any academic programs in a high demand area. § 23.1-301: The Top Jobs Act is designed to prepare Virginians for top job opportunities by increasing college degree attainment in high demand, high-income fields, with a focus on science, engineering, technology, and mathematics (STEM) fields. § 23.1-509.1: Public higher education institutions can offer reduced tuition for students pursuing degrees related to high demand fields.

2022 Virginia State Budget: Funding was provided for vocational-technical equipment in high demand, high-skill, and fast-growth industry sectors.

2022 Virginia State Budget: Funding was provided to establish Institutes of Excellence through the Virginia Community College System (VCCS) to meet current high demand workforce needs.

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act and Perkins V References to high demand occupations also appear in Virginia’s implementation of federal policy. While WIOA does not require states to compile a high demand occupations list, states are required to provide an analysis of industries and occupations for which there is existing or emerging demand as part of their state plans. They then must demonstrate how their strategies for implementing WIOA align with the results of that analysis. Virginia’s plan for WIOA outlines the many ways the Commonwealth is committed to preparing students and workers for high demand occupations, including through the VBWD’s High Demand Occupations list and the WCG and G3 programs mentioned above.

WIOA also requires local Workforce Development Boards to submit their own regional plans to the state. Consistent with Virginia’s State Plan, local plans must demonstrate how the training they provide supports in-demand industry sectors or occupations. The guidelines for these plans do not define “in demand,” and there is no mention of the High Demand Occupations List.

Perkins V, or the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act, is another federal policy that requires states to focus on high demand occupations and fields. Perkins V is closely tied to WIOA, and state plans must include similar information for aligning strategies with high demand occupations. Virginia’s plan

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clarifies that the DWDA and the state’s Workforce Development Boards will identify high-skills, high-wage, and in-demand occupational fields for the purposes of secondary career and technical education (CTE). VCCS is required to make similar determinations for postsecondary CTE. WIOA and Perkins V are the two major federal policies tied to high demand occupations, but the term also appears as part of Virginia’s implementation of other programs. Both federal policy and Virginia’s State Plan for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Employment and Training (SNAP E&T) mention in-demand occupations. Virginia also funnels Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) funds to community colleges to provide training programs leading to in-demand credentials and other work-related skills.

Use of the High Demand Occupations List in Practice In practice, the High Demand Occupations List is used by agencies and in policy as a reference, but it is not prescriptive.

The VBWD, which approves and publishes the list, was established in response to WIOA requirements, but Virginia’s WIOA plan does not make explicit use of the list. WIOA does require Virginia to maintain an Eligible Training Providers List (ETPL), which includes all training providers that are qualified to receive WIOA funds through an Individual Training Account. Programs must be aligned with in-demand industry sectors and occupations, but “in demand” is defined at the regional level, and occupations do not need to be on the state’s High Demand Occupations List.

Other policies and agencies also use the list as a reference, but VOEE is unaware of any formal or rigid use of the High Demand Occupations List.

■

■

WIOA Title IV: Vocational Rehabilitation and the Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services (DARS): DARS provides vocational counseling, training, and job placement services to individuals with disabilities.

DARS counselors and other staff use the High Demand Occupations List as a starting point for conversations with clients. The list is a resource for determining relevant job training and job placement activities.

WIOA Title II: Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA): Integrated Education and Training, a program funded by AEFLA, integrates academic and literacy skills with workforce preparation activities and occupational training. Title II administrators ask that providers use the High Demand Occupations List as a resource while recognizing that program demand and availability are regionalized.

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Data and Methods

10

Data and Methods The creation of the 2024 High Demand Occupations List was a collaborative effort, involving a diverse group of stakeholders from state government, public workforce, and education sectors, as outlined in the Virginia Code (See Appendix B). VOEE undertook a thorough review of the processes and documentation that shaped the 2022 list to inform their approach. This review, coupled with the challenges faced in the 2022 methodology, led VOEE to set two primary objectives for the 2024 list.

First, VOEE aimed to establish a methodology grounded in a singular, primary set of criteria, consciously avoiding the inclusion of occupations that did not meet these standards. Second, in a departure from the 2022 approach, the 2024 criteria were tailored to align closely with occupations that are most amenable to short- and mediumterm education and training available through the public workforce system, and those funded by WIOA dollars.

Consequently, occupations requiring a graduate degree for entry-level positions were not considered.

Adopting an iterative development process that incorporated feedback from stakeholders, VOEE devised a methodology centered around five key criteria to determine the occupations for the 2024 High Demand Occupations List.

Five Criteria Used to Define the Virginia /Public Training Use Case Occupations List 1. Minimum Annual Wage at the 50th Percentile of Occupational Earnings —

$29,160 Single Adult (200% of Federal Poverty Level) State-Level Analysis

2. Typical Entry-Level Education Range — —

Minimum: No formal education required Maximum: Bachelor’s degree

3. Average Annual Openings —

Minimum 100 openings statewide

4. Minimum 5-year Job Change Requirement (2023–28) —

Minimum 1% growth over 5-year projection period

5. Qualified Registered Apprenticeship The decision was made to include occupations formally registered as apprenticeable occupations through the DWDA and linked to a sponsor’s program with a minimum of ten active registered apprentices since 2018. It was the consensus of the stakeholder groups that the investment of time, resources, and partnership between government, industry, and labor unions represented in the registered apprenticeship model is a valid alternative measure to government job projections data and, as such, may serve as a credible indicator of near-term job market demand.

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VOEE used Lightcast’s 2023.Q3 dataset for occupational earnings, annual openings, 5-year projected job change (2023–28), and O*NET workforce characteristics including typical entry-level education for occupations. Registered Apprenticeship data for Virginia was sourced from the 2021–22 fiscal year Registered Apprenticeship Partners Information Database System (RAPIDS).

After drafting an initial version of the list using these five criteria, VOEE held 16 meetings with the administration, SCHEV, VCCS, members of the VBWD, directors of local Workforce Development Boards, and many others. See Appendix B for a full list of stakeholder meetings. The feedback from these meetings was overwhelmingly positive. There was a general consensus that the methodology based on the final five criteria was successful at selecting the 361 occupations qualified for growth and earnings that align with the public workforce system’s mission, education and training parameters, and funding. This selection of 361 occupations represents approximately 45 percent of the labor market. For a complete list of 2024 occupations, please refer to Appendix A in this report.

VOEE has also launched an interactive, publicly accessible dashboard at www.VOEE.org/data as part of this initiative. This tool enables users to filter and download the 2024 High Demand Occupations List and access comprehensive labor market data for all Virginia occupations. It provides key information including current employment, median annual earnings, average annual openings, and a five-year workforce projection for each occupation. Additionally, the dashboard indicates each occupation's alignment with programs like the Workforce Credential Grant/Fast Forward, G3 funding, Registered Apprenticeship, and the STEM workforce. Users can personalize the data by selecting their Local Workforce Development Area (LWDA) or Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and can further refine their search by specific career clusters or pathways and entry-level education.

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Understanding the 2024 High Demand Occupations

13

Understanding the 2024 High Demand Occupations This section provides a look into the characteristics of the occupations identified as high demand based on typical entry-level education, five-year projected job growth, aligned career cluster, and SOC Major Group/ Occupational Family.

Figure 1 2024 High Demand Occupations as a Percentage of Total Occupations (SOCs)

45%

55%

High Demand (361) Non High Demand (437)

In accordance with the five defining criteria, a significant majority of the occupations featured on the 2024 list — 68%, or 245 in total — are attainable with education levels below a bachelor's degree. The remaining 32% of occupations predominantly require a bachelor's degree for entry to the workforce. Table 2 provides the distribution of the occupations for 2024, categorized by the primary education level for entry into each occupation, based on O*NET classification.

Table 2 Occupations by Typical Entry-Level Education based on O*NET Classification Number of Occupations

Percent of Total Occupations

No formal educational credential

29

8%

High school diploma or equivalent

155

43%

Postsecondary nondegree award

29

8%

Some college, no degree

5

1%

Associate degree

27

7%

Bachelor's degree

116

32%

Master's degree

-

-

Doctoral or professional degree

-

-

361

100%

Educational Attainment

Total

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As shown in Table 3, from 2023–2028, a majority of the 2024 High Demand Occupations are projected to grow by more than 4.9%, which represents the projected five-year growth rate of all occupations in Virginia over the period 2023–2028. Although 18 apprenticeable occupations do have growth falling below 1%, they are included on the 2024 high demand list based on meeting the requirements of Criterion 5 (see explanation on page 6).

Table 3 Occupation Count Categorized by Five-Year Growth Rate (%)

Growth Rate (%)

Number of Occupations

Percent of High Demand Occupations

Greater than 4.9%

203

56%

Greater than 3%, less than or equal to 4.9%

72

20%

Greater than 1%, less than or equal to 3%

68

19%

Less than or equal to 1%*

18

5%

Total

361

100%

*Registered Apprenticeship

Table 4 presents the 2024 occupations within the context of Virginia’s 17 career clusters. The table displays the number of occupations within each career cluster as well as how many of those careers align with two key funding streams: FastForward and G3. Associating career clusters with these funding opportunities makes it easier to understand what resources might be available to those seeking further training and education beyond WIOA-funded programming. These data indicate particularly strong alignment between the FastForward and G3 funding streams in the Manufacturing, Information Technology, and Health Science Career Clusters.

Table 4 Occupation Selection by Virginia's 17 Career Cluster Framework Funding Streams 2024 High Demand Occupations

FastForward

G3

Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources

14

4

2

Architecture & Construction

39

18

5

Arts, Audio/Video Technology & Communications

13

2

1

Business Management & Administration

35

15

5

Education & Training

22

16

6

Energy

4

2

1

Career Cluster

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Table 4 Occupation Selection by Virginia's 17 Career Cluster Framework, Continued Funding Streams 2024 High Demand Occupations

FastForward

G3

Finance

18

3

-

Government & Public Administration

9

5

1

Health Science

31

24

20

Hospitality & Tourism

18

1

-

Human Services

26

2

5

Information Technology

15

13

12

Law, Public Safety, Corrections & Security

16

3

8

Manufacturing

57

22

20

Marketing

20

1

0

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics

17

10

2

Transportation, Distribution & Logistics

27

15

3

Total (Unique Standard Occupational Classification codes)

361

Career Cluster

Table 5 presents the distribution of occupations by their respective occupational family/SOC major group, with the rightmost column indicating each group's percentage of representation on the 2024 list. Notably, Healthcare Support, Business and Financial Operations and Computer and Mathematical Occupations are the most represented among the 23 SOC Major Groups. The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) Code system is a federal statistical standard designed to categorize workers into four tiers of occupational categories. This system is utilized for collecting, calculating, and disseminating occupational data. The SOC system includes 23 Major Groups, representing the highest level of aggregation for occupational data.

Table 5 High Demand Occupations by SOC Major Group/Family Number of 2024 Occupations

Percent of SOC Family Represented

31-0000 Healthcare Support Occupations

14

82%

13-0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations

25

78%

15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations

14

67%

21-0000 Community and Social Service Occupations

11

65%

SOC Major Group / Family

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Table 5 SOC/Occupational Family Representation and Average Annual Demand, Continued Number of 2024 Occupations

Percent of SOC Family Represented

25-0000 Educational Instruction and Library Occupations

18

64%

41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations

14

64%

11-0000 Management Occupations

24

63%

37-0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations

6

60%

20

56%

49-0000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations

25

49%

39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations

15

47%

33-0000 Protective Service Occupations

11

46%

43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations

25

46%

27-0000 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations

17

41%

53-0000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations

20

40%

47-0000 Construction and Extraction Occupations

22

37%

51-0000 Production Occupations

39

37%

35-0000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations

6

35%

19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations

12

25%

23-0000 Legal Occupations

2

25%

29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations

18

25%

45-0000 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations

3

21%

55-0000 Military-only occupations

-

0%

99-0000 Unclassified Occupation

-

0%

SOC Major Group / Family

Total

361

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Appendix

18

Appendix Appendix A: 2024 High Demand Occupations List Categorized by SOC Major Group The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) Code system is a federal statistical standard designed to categorize workers into four tiers of occupational categories. This system is utilized for collecting, calculating, and disseminating occupational data. The SOC system includes 23 Major Groups, representing the highest level of aggregation for occupational data.

Management Occupations 11-1021 General and Operations Managers 11-2021 Marketing Managers 11-2022 Sales Managers 11-2032 Public Relations Managers 11-3012 Administrative Services Managers 11-3013 Facilities Managers 11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers 11-3031 Financial Managers 11-3051 Industrial Production Managers 11-3061 Purchasing Managers 11-3071 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 11-3121 Human Resources Managers 11-3131 Training and Development Managers 11-9021 Construction Managers 11-9031 Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare 11-9039 Education Administrators, All Other 11-9041 Architectural and Engineering Managers 11-9051 Food Service Managers 11-9081 Lodging Managers 11-9111 Medical and Health Services Managers 11-9121 Natural Sciences Managers 11-9141 Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers

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Management Occupations 11-9151 Social and Community Service Managers 11-9199 Managers, All Other

Business & Financial Operations Occupations 13-1111 Management Analysts 13-1031 Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 13-1041 Compliance Officers 13-1071 Human Resources Specialists 13-1081 Logisticians 13-1082 Project Management Specialists 13-1121 Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 13-1131 Fundraisers 13-1141 Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 13-1151 Training and Development Specialists 13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 13-2028 Property Appraisers and Assessors 13-2031 Budget Analysts 13-2041 Credit Analysts 13-2051 Financial and Investment Analysts 13-2052 Personal Financial Advisors 13-2053 Insurance Underwriters 13-2054 Financial Risk Specialists 13-2061 Financial Examiners 13-2071 Credit Counselors 13-2072 Loan Officers 13-2082 Tax Preparers 13-2099 Financial Specialists, All Other

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Computer and Mathematical Occupations 15-1252 Software Developers 15-1211 Computer Systems Analysts 15-1212 Information Security Analysts 15-1231 Computer Network Support Specialists 15-1232 Computer User Support Specialists 15-1242 Database Administrators 15-1243 Database Architects 15-1244 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 15-1253 Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers 15-1254 Web Developers 15-1255 Web and Digital Interface Designers 15-1299 Computer Occupations, All Other 15-2031 Operations Research Analysts 15-2051 Data Scientists

Architecture and Engineering Occupations 17-2051 Civil Engineers 17-1011 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 17-1022 Surveyors 17-2011 Aerospace Engineers 17-2061 Computer Hardware Engineers 17-2071 Electrical Engineers 17-2072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 17-2081 Environmental Engineers 17-2112 Industrial Engineers 17-2121 Marine Engineers and Naval Architects 17-2141 Mechanical Engineers 17-2199 Engineers, All Other

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Architecture and Engineering Occupations, Continued 17-3011 Architectural and Civil Drafters 17-3022 Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians 17-3023 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians 17-3024 Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians 17-3026 Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians 17-3027 Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians 17-3029 Engineering Technologists and Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other 17-3031 Surveying and Mapping Technicians

Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 19-5011 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 19-1029 Biological Scientists, All Other 19-2031 Chemists 19-2041 Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health 19-2099 Physical Scientists, All Other 19-3099 Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other 19-4021 Biological Technicians 19-4031 Chemical Technicians 19-4042 Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health 19-4061 Social Science Research Assistants 19-4071 Forest and Conservation Technicians 19-4099 Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other

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Community and Social Service Occupations 21-1018 Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors 21-1021 Child, Family, and School Social Workers 21-1029 Social Workers, All Other 21-1091 Health Education Specialists 21-1092 Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists 21-1093 Social and Human Service Assistants 21-1094 Community Health Workers 21-1099 Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other 21-2011 Clergy 21-2021 Directors, Religious Activities and Education 21-2099 Religious Workers, All Other

Legal Occupations 23-2011 Paralegals and Legal Assistants 23-2093 Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers

Educational Instruction and Library Occupations 25-9045 Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary 25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 25-2012 Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education 25-2021 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 25-2022 Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 25-2031 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 25-2032 Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School 25-2052 Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School 25-2057 Special Education Teachers, Middle School

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Educational Instruction and Library Occupations, Continued 25-2058 Special Education Teachers, Secondary School 25-2059 Special Education Teachers, All Other 25-3021 Self-Enrichment Teachers 25-3031 Substitute Teachers, Short-Term 25-3041 Tutors 25-3099 Teachers and Instructors, All Other 25-4031 Library Technicians 25-9044 Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary 25-9099 Educational Instruction and Library Workers, All Other

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 27-2022 Coaches and Scouts 27-1011 Art Directors 27-1024 Graphic Designers 27-1025 Interior Designers 27-1026 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 27-1029 Designers, All Other 27-2011 Actors 27-2012 Producers and Directors 27-2023 Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials 27-2041 Music Directors and Composers 27-2042 Musicians and Singers 27-3031 Public Relations Specialists 27-3042 Technical Writers 27-3043 Writers and Authors 27-3091 Interpreters and Translators 27-4011 Audio and Video Technicians 27-4021 Photographers

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Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 29-1141 Registered Nurses 29-1031 Dietitians and Nutritionists 29-1126 Respiratory Therapists 29-1292 Dental Hygienists 29-2018 Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians 29-2031 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 29-2032 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 29-2034 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 29-2042 Emergency Medical Technicians 29-2043 Paramedics 29-2053 Psychiatric Technicians 29-2055 Surgical Technologists 29-2056 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 29-2057 Ophthalmic Medical Technicians 29-2061 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 29-2072 Medical Records Specialists 29-2081 Opticians, Dispensing 29-2099 Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other

Healthcare Support Occupations 31-1131 Nursing Assistants 31-1132 Orderlies 31-1133 Psychiatric Aides 31-2011 Occupational Therapy Assistants 31-2021 Physical Therapist Assistants 31-2022 Physical Therapist Aides 31-9011 Massage Therapists 31-9091 Dental Assistants

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Healthcare Support Occupations, Continued 31-9092 Medical Assistants 31-9093 Medical Equipment Preparers 31-9094 Medical Transcriptionists 31-9096 Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 31-9097 Phlebotomists 31-9099 Healthcare Support Workers, All Other 29-2061 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 29-2072 Medical Records Specialists 29-2081 Opticians, Dispensing 29-2099 Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other

Protective Service Occupations 33-9032 Security Guards 33-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives 33-1021 First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers 33-1091 First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers 33-1099 First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other 33-2011 Firefighters 33-3021 Detectives and Criminal Investigators 33-3051 Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers 33-9021 Private Detectives and Investigators 33-9093 Transportation Security Screeners 33-9099 Protective Service Workers, All Other

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Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 35-3031 Waiters and Waitresses 35-1011 Chefs and Head Cooks 35-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 35-2012 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 35-2014 Cooks, Restaurant 35-3011 Bartenders

Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 37-2011 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 37-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers 37-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers 37-2021 Pest Control Workers 37-3011 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 37-3013 Tree Trimmers and Pruners

Personal Care and Service Occupations 39-9011 Childcare Workers 39-1014 First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services 39-1022 First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers 39-2011 Animal Trainers 39-4031 Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers 39-5011 Barbers 39-5012 Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 39-5092 Manicurists and Pedicurists 39-5094 Skincare Specialists 39-6012 Concierges

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Personal Care and Service Occupations, Continued 39-7018 Tour and Travel Guides 39-9031 Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors 39-9032 Recreation Workers 39-9041 Residential Advisors 39-9099 Personal Care and Service Workers, All Other

Sales and Related Occupations 41-3091 Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel 41-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 41-2021 Counter and Rental Clerks 41-3011 Advertising Sales Agents 41-3021 Insurance Sales Agents 41-3031 Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 41-3041 Travel Agents 41-4011 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 41-4012 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 41-9011 Demonstrators and Product Promoters 41-9021 Real Estate Brokers 41-9022 Real Estate Sales Agents 41-9031 Sales Engineers 41-9099 Sales and Related Workers, All Other 39-9099 Personal Care and Service Workers, All Other

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Office and Administrative Support Occupations 43-4051 Customer Service Representatives 43-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 43-3011 Bill and Account Collectors 43-3021 Billing and Posting Clerks 43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 43-3099 Financial Clerks, All Other 43-4031 Court, Municipal, and License Clerks 43-4061 Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs 43-4121 Library Assistants, Clerical 43-4131 Loan Interviewers and Clerks 43-4161 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping 43-4171 Receptionists and Information Clerks 43-4181 Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks 43-4199 Information and Record Clerks, All Other 43-5011 Cargo and Freight Agents 43-5021 Couriers and Messengers 43-5031 Public Safety Telecommunicators 43-5032 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance 43-5061 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 43-5111 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping 43-6013 Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 43-6014 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 43-9041 Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks 43-9051 Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service 43-9199 Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other

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Farming, Fishing and Forestry Occupations 45-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers 45-2091 Agricultural Equipment Operators 45-2099 Agricultural Workers, All Other

Construction and Extraction Occupations 47-2061 Construction Laborers 47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 47-2011 Boilermakers 47-2021 Brickmasons and Blockmasons 47-2031 Carpenters 47-2071 Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators 47-2073 Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators 47-2081 Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers 47-2111 Electricians 47-2121 Glaziers 47-2131 Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall 47-2132 Insulation Workers, Mechanical 47-2141 Painters, Construction and Maintenance 47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 47-2211 Sheet Metal Workers 47-2221 Structural Iron and Steel Workers 47-4011 Construction and Building Inspectors 47-4021 Elevator and Escalator Installers and Repairers 47-4041 Hazardous Materials Removal Workers 47-4051 Highway Maintenance Workers 47-4071 Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners 47-4098 Miscellaneous Construction and Related Workers

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Installation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 49-2011 Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers 49-2022 Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers 49-2091 Avionics Technicians 49-2094 Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment 49-2095 Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay 49-2098 Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers 49-3011 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 49-3021 Automotive Body and Related Repairers 49-3031 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists 49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines 49-3051 Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians 49-3053 Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics 49-9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door 49-9021 Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 49-9043 Maintenance Workers, Machinery 49-9044 Millwrights 49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 49-9052 Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 49-9062 Medical Equipment Repairers 49-9091 Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers 49-9096 Riggers 49-9099 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other

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Production Occupations 51-2098 Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators 51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 51-2028 Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical Assemblers, Except Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers 51-2041 Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters 51-2051 Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators 51-3011 Bakers 51-3021 Butchers and Meat Cutters 51-3023 Slaughterers and Meat Packers 51-3092 Food Batchmakers 51-3093 Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders 51-3099 Food Processing Workers, All Other 51-4021 Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 51-4031 Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 51-4033 Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 51-4041 Machinists 51-4072 Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 51-4081 Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 51-4111 Tool and Die Makers 51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 51-4192 Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic 51-6093 Upholsterers 51-7011 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters 51-7041 Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood 51-7042 Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing 51-8021 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators 51-8031 Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators 51-9011 Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders 51-9012 Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

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Production Occupations, Continued 51-9023 Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 51-9032 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 51-9041 Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 51-9071 Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers 51-9081 Dental Laboratory Technicians 51-9111 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 51-9124 Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 51-9161 Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators 51-9195 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic 51-9199 Production Workers, All Other 51-9195 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic 51-9199 Production Workers, All Other

Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 53-7065 Stockers and Order Fillers 53-1047 First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material Moving Workers, Except Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors 53-2011 Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers 53-2012 Commercial Pilots 53-2021 Air Traffic Controllers 53-2031 Flight Attendants 53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers 53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 53-3033 Light Truck Drivers 53-3051 Bus Drivers, School 53-3052 Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 53-3099 Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other

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Transportation and Material Moving Occupations, Continued 53-7011 Conveyor Operators and Tenders 53-7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 53-7061 Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 53-7063 Machine Feeders and Offbearers 53-7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand 53-7081 Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors 53-7199 Material Moving Workers, All Other

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Appendix B: Select Stakeholder Meetings

Governor’s Office ■

Secretary George "Bryan" Slater and Staff

■

Secretary Aimee Rogstad Guidera and Staff

Senate and House ■

Senate Finance Committee – Wendy Kang and Kendra Shifflett

■

House Appropriations Committee – Kim McKay

Departments and Agencies ■

SCHEV – Tom Allison, Emily Muniz, and Monica Osei

■

VCCS – Randy Stamper, Cat Finnegan, Yolanda Crewe, and Angela Lawhorne

■

Adult Education (WIOA Title II) – Heidi Silver-Pacuilla

■

TANF/SNAP E&T – Mark Golden

■

GO Virginia – Sara Dunnigan

■

DARS – Dale Batten

VBWD and Local WDBs ■

Jim Monroe, Vice-Chair and Chair of Business Engagement – Cisco AppDynamics

■

Hobey Bauhan, Chair of Performance – Virginia Poultry Federation

■

Brett Vassey – Virginia Manufacturer’s Association

■

Keith Martin – Virginia Chamber

■

Doris Crouse-Mays – AFL-CIO

■

Virginia Association of Workforce Directors —

Morgan Romeo

—

David Hunn

Other Emily Webb, Virginia Chamber of Commerce ■

■

Mason Bishop, WorkEd Consulting

■

Tom Cosgrove, Newport News Shipbuilding

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Virginia Board of Worforce Development