RETHINKING VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD-ARCHITECTURAL THESIS

RETHINKING VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD by Vishnu Kapadia Enrollment No. 201703101710049

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE [B.Arch.]

Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus 2021-22

Thesis Guide: Ar. Sumesh Modi Director.

Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Vishnu Kamlesh Kapadia has submitted the Final Thesis Report on the subject: “Rethinking Vertical Neighbourhood” as a mandatory requirement for completion of the Bachelor of Architecture programme at the Raman Bhakta School of Architecture, Uka Tarsadia University for the academic year 2021–22.

His work is found to be satisfactory.

_____________________________ Ar. Sumesh Modi Director Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University

_____________________________

_____________________________

Ar. Umesh Pathak

Ar. Sumesh Modi

Thesis Coordinator Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University

Director Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University

DISCLAIMER

This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Raman Bhakta School of Architecture, Uka Tarsadia University. All views, opinions and statements expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute.

Name of the Student: Mr. Vishnu Kamlesh Kapadia Enrolment No.: 201703101710049

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In particular, my sincere thanks and a deep sense of gratitude to my thesis guide Ar. Sumesh Modi for their insight and invaluable support and assistance throughout the semester that reinforced the development of all aspects of this study and gave it a different perspective.

I extend my gratitude to Ar. Umesh Pathak, thesis coordinator, for their complete guidance and support. I would also like to thank all my professors at Raman Bhakta School of Architecture, Uka Tarsadia University for providing me with the knowledge and support and creating an atmosphere for learning.

Thanking Ar.Risabh Juneja (Batch 2015-Raman Bhakta School of Architecture) for his immense support and guidance which has helped me in successful completion of the work.

Lastly, thanking my parents, my brother Parth Kapadia, my beloved fiancée Bosu, thanking Fenil Pandit, Chaitanya Patel, Nisarg Jariwala, Harsh Lad, Nirav Mistry, my batch mates and friends for being a constant source of push and motivation to perform beyond my limits all of which has helped me in successful completion of the work. I would like to express my gratitude to my uncle and aunt for hosting me throughout my case & site study visit to Mumbai and for their wonderful support.

Vishnu Kamlesh Kapadia

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“Streets and people create healthy neighbourhoods; if so people travel vertically, then streets should too.”

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TABLE OF CONTENT CERTIFICATE .......................................................................................................................... 3 DISCLAIMER ........................................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................................... 5 TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................. 8 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 10 1.1 HYPOTHESIS ................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 AIM .................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD .................................................................................... 15 2.0 SITE .................................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 CASE OF MUMBAI ......................................................................................................... 18 2.2 WHY MUMBAI? .............................................................................................................. 18 2.3 MUMBAI AND MILL LANDS. ....................................................................................... 19 2.4 SITE AND CONTEXT ...................................................................................................... 20 2.5 SITE LAYOUT WITH IMIDIATE CONTEXT ............................................................... 21 2.6 BOMBAY DYEING MILL ............................................................................................... 23 2.7 SWOC ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 24 2.8 CLIMATE .......................................................................................................................... 24 SHADOW ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 24 2.9 INFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 24 3.0 CASE STUDIES ............................................................................................................... 27 3.1 WORLD ONE, MUMBAI ................................................................................................. 28 3.2 LODHA PARK, MUMBAI ............................................................................................... 33 3.3 KOHINOOR SQUARE, MUMBAI .................................................................................. 36 3.4 HENGQIN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CENTER, ZHUHAI, CHINA. ................ 40 3.5 TENCENT SEAFRONT TOWERS, SEHNZEN CHINA. ............................................... 41 3.6 MVRDC REVAL PLAZA, AMSTERDAM ..................................................................... 43 3.7 BURJ KHALIFA, DUBAI................................................................................................. 44 3.8 GREEN SPINE, AUSTRALIA ......................................................................................... 46 4.0 PROGRAM ...................................................................................................................... 47 4.1 MAKING OF PROGRAM ................................................................................................ 48 4.2 PROGRAM AREA AND QUANTITY............................................................................. 49 5.0 CONCEPT + PROCESS ................................................................................................. 55 5.1 CONCEPTS OF YESTERDAY ........................................................................................ 56 8 | ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THEISS 2021-2022

5.2 LINES AND DOTS - FORMATION OF LINES............................................................. 57 5.3 ZONING OF DATA .......................................................................................................... 58 5.4 CONCEPTUALIZATION OF LINKAGES ON HORIZONTAL AXIS ......................... 59 5.5 CONCEPTUALIZATION OF LINKAGES ON VERTICAL AXIS. ............................... 60 5.6 COCEPTUAL FORMATION OF MOBILITY................................................................. 61 5.7 CONCEPTUAL FORM ..................................................................................................... 63 6.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................ 65 6.1 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 2.0 ........................................................................................ 68 6.1.1 EXPLODED LAYOUTS ................................................................................................ 78 6.1.2 SECTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 82 6.1.3 VISUALS ........................................................................................................................ 84 6.2 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT .......................................................................................... 89 7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 97

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Figure 1 Illustration of vertical Architecture and horizontal life.

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1.1 HYPOTHESIS Never before there have been so many of us. Never before the world has been so much in the motion & global dream of prosperity and a better future so pervasive. Never before there has been so much need for space. Every year global population grows by 80 million people. By 2050 70% of the world will be living in the highly urbanize areas. When many of the people dreaming for the same space, space becomes scarce.

Let’s start with the story of human race. What can be more sustainable part of developing pattern for humanity is a question in a urbanization of the world. The world is changing its pattern to sufficient our need. Gandhi told us that, this world is enough for our need not for our greed and we have already started journey towards greedy nature a long ago. And by facing scarcity of space in capitalistic world, cities have been started growth on vertical axis. And from here story begins with growth-comfort-discomfort-race-power-industrial revolutionmodern engineering and saving the space for nature and next generation.

Figure 3 PROPORTION OF URBAN GROWTH

Figure 2 WORLD & INDIA POPULATION GROWTH CHART

Figure 4URBANIZATION IN DIFFERENT CITIES OF INDIA

Due to urbanisation taking place at a higher rate in India, population have been migrating to metro cities leading to higher density in those areas. According to a survey by world bank India would be one of the countries to face urban population surge by 2050.

So, to address its shortcomings an approach must be taken in order to create better living environments in high density areas meeting the need of the future by bringing essential requirements of humans into single environment with consideration of parameters for healthy neighbourhood.

Looking forward to essential needs of future by creating a compact neighbourhood which includes this three types of spaces to live fulfilled, connected lives: their “first place” (home) for private relief: their “second place” (work) for economic engagement; and their “third place”, a more formless arena used for reaffirming social bonds and community identities which could be achieved by creating a development which is in vertical and horizontal layers 12 | ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THEISS 2021-2022

one above the other, one with the others or interconnected creating multi-layered and multidimensioned organism so that essential requirements are in the reach of the people living there.

1.2 AIM An approach to architectural innovation for vertical development in denser cities of India.

Architectural concerns can be focus hybrid structure at some point that, Vertical Development can be merge with the Horizontal Development and it can create diagonal interaction on social aspect. Also, the flexible commute can create sustainable linkage inside the project itself which helps to bridge two axes together and create sustainable layers which helps to revamp Vertical Neighbourhood.

Figure 5 CHARCTERISTIC DIAGRAM FOR THE PARKS OF NEIGHBOURHOOD

Figure 6 SHOWING CONNECTION OF PEOPLE AND STREET

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Figure 7 ARTICLE OF LIVABILITY IN NEIGHBOURHOOD

Figure 8 RELATION OF PUBLIC-STREETS & PARKS

Notes: This research will also consider the new data and information, non-availability or assumptions, which has been discovered through the framework to derived better outcome.

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1.3 VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD The concept of a vertical neighbourhood is presented as an important architectural solution to ease the pressure of urban development in the city. There are many reasons for Vertical Neighbourhoods: traffic congestion affecting commuting time, the rapid growth of population density, the rise of rental housing and workplace due to the scarcity of residential and commercial area in high-density cities, and the impact of technology on employment.

The concept of Vertical Neighbourhood can be used as a tool to rejuvenate the city as it creates different activities on different floors at different times, giving continued life to the city. It consists of mixing uses of shops, offices, and apartments for the diversity of users of ages, income levels, cultures, and races in the community within neighbourhoods, within blocks and within buildings. This concept can be used to create high-quality comfortable public and private spaces by an emphasis on the beauty and aesthetics of the buildings that creates a sense of place within the community. https://awards.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-awards-2020-runner-ups/rebirth-of-architecturevertical-neighbourhood-2100-bhairumal-sutar/

Figure 9 WHAT MAKES A GREAT PLACE? DIAGRAM OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD SPACES

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2.0 SITE

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2.1 CASE OF MUMBAI From the decades Mumbai is The Financial Hub of the India. Mumbai is itself a country inside the country. From facing scarcity of land to scarcity of dreams this city knows all the faces of human beings. Having such tag of Financial Hub creates the scenario of Capitalism Mumbai area would be around 603 km². which is quite small for a metro and the population is about 1.5 Cr. and floating population would be around 2 Cr. that’s why to meet the demands of big population, Mumbai is developing vertically.

Mumbai is failing to attract young talent owing to the poor quality of life and unaffordable housing.” Experts pointed to housing, high cost of living and traffic congestion as some of the factors that may have contributed to Mumbai’s low ranking. Here there is clear statement that this city needs to revamp their development and linkage module.

2.2 WHY MUMBAI? • The densest city and one of the populous city in India with facing issues like rapid urbanisation, population explosion and urban sprawl.

• Mill lands which are still vacant are considered for the development as the lands are still abandoned and kept unused.

•Opportunity in Mumbai to develop vertical structure is due to higher F.S.I. availability, vertical skyline.

Figure 10 ISSUES OF COMMUTE IN EVERYDAY LIFE OF MUMBAIKAR

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Figure 11 RATIO OF GREEN SPACES IN MUMBAI 2001-2011

2.3 MUMBAI AND MILL LANDS. The redevelopment of Mumbai's cotton mills began in 1992, when efforts began to demolish the numerous cotton mills that once dotted the landscape of Mumbai, India, to make way for new residential and commercial buildings, as part of the wider modernization of Mumbai.

Strolling through Lower Parel, one can see the developed Mumbai with high structures and extravagant shopping malls like the Phoenix and the Palladium. The same place had been the site of hard work and toil for innumerable working class people for over a century, a site of struggle which had a potential to over throw any established building. Today, it is the space for the rich. It is interesting to see how these spaces have occupied the Mill buildings. There are no signs of its history, the people occupying the space have changed, the purpose behind these walls has changed.

Wherein on the other side, the cracks on the walls still want to tell you a lot more about their history. Time changes people and places, however, memories never get erased. These walls that wish to narrate tales about their history must never be silenced and it is upon us to preserve them forever.

Figure 13 ABANDONED MILL MACHINESMUMBAI

Figure 14 ADAPTIVE REUSE OF MILL LANDS-PUBLIC SQUARE Figure 12 MAPPING OF MILL LANDS UNDER NTC MUMBAI

Figure 15 ABANDONED MILL-MUMBAI

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Figure 13 BOMBAY DYEING MILL BLOCK 2

2.4 SITE AND CONTEXT LOCATION OF SITE: The site is located as land of Bombay dyeing mill in the G/South ward -Lower Parel. The site has direct connection with Lowe Parel sub-urban railway station, where Prabhadevi and Mahalaxmi stations are making triangle link with site. Western Part of the site has connection of Bandra - Worli Sea-link Coastal line which is 2.1 km away from the site and the route distance is 5.2 km.

Figure 16 GS WARD - SITE LARGER CONTEXT

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2.5 SITE LAYOUT WITH IMIDIATE CONTEXT

Figure 17 SITE STORY-CONTEXT & TIMELINE

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Overall Area of the site consist 84,000 sq. MT of land which is own by Bombay Dyeing Mill. Under the law of NTC act for Mills land in Mumbai program has been generated. The area of existed building or structure of mill is around 30,000 sq. MT on ground coverage.

According to the present scenario mill is abandoned and it can be used for the future development.

Figure 18 SITE ACTIVITIES STORIES-MAJOR ROAD CONNECTION-SECTIONS

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2.6 BOMBAY DYEING MILL

Figure 19 RELATIONSHIP OF MILL AND CHAWLS

Figure 20 TOP-VIEW OF SITE-VISUAL DATA

Figure 21 BOMBAY DYEINGMILL-VISUAL DATA

After 137 years looms fall silent at Bombay Dyeing Established by Nowrosjee Wadia in 1879, the company was known for producing quality home textile products at two prime locations in Mumbai. In 2005, Nusli Wadia-owned company moved the manufacturing base from Mumbai to Ranjangaon near Pune. The Mumbai sites are being monetised as real estate assets.

CONCEPT OF PARASITE :-

Figure 22 ILLUSTRATION OF PARASITE ACTIVITIES

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Parasitic Architecture is defined as a building that is attached to an existing larger structure. It developed in response to the need to solve common city problems such as high rents and a lack of space, and even to provide respite from suffocating heat as congestion builds in urban areas.

2.7 SWOC ANALYSIS 2.8 CLIMATE

SHADOW ANALYSIS

Figure 23 CLIMATIC DATA AND EFFECTS

Figure 24 SHADOW EFFECT SIMULATION FOR DIFFERENT TIME IN ONE YEAR

Shadows are casted for the same time in the whole year and overlapped to see the effect of shadow on site. Around evening time 5:00 PM there is a very partial shadow casted on the site area in the months of November - February and the rest of the day the site remains shadow free.

2.9 INFERENCES

Figure 25 MOVEMNT OF VEHICLE IN AREA | ROAD NETWORK-2030

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Figure 26 NETWORK OR LINKAGES DATA-NODES AND EDGE

The site has urbanized and metropolitan texture in nearby context. Site is connected with . the secondary road called “Pandurang Budhkar Marg” Which is 24 Mt wide and followed

by Primary Road Called Senapati Bapat Marg.

Figure 27 TRAFFIC ACTIVITIES IN LOWER PAREL AREA

• The road adjacent to the site is busy in weekdays throughout the day and on weekends comparatively less traffic is seen.

• Land use plan shows that the majority of land is used for residential and commercial spaces.

• Comparatively less movement is seen on Pandurang Budhkar Marg from the two main roads connected to it

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3.0 CASE STUDIES

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3.1 WORLD ONE, MUMBAI

Overview Project name: World One Towers Location : Shankar Rao Naram Path, Lower Parel, Worli, Mumbai.

Developer : Lodha Group Architect : Pei Cobb Freed & Partners Structural Consultant : Leslie E. Roberston Project Details Project Period : 2011-2020 Project Area: 70819.99 sq. Mt Project Height: 281 Mt Total Towers: 3—World View, World Crest, World One Type : Residential Floor Count : 76 above Ground – 2 below Ground Elevators : 18 Material: Composite

Figure 28 FIGURE COMPOSITION FOR CASE-STUDY 28 | ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN THEISS 2021-2022

The project is located at the Lower Parel Worli.The project is define as tallest residential project till the date. Here the project is situated at the podium structure which contain commercial shops at lower level and upper level is used as Amenities zone.

Character : The Project has texture of semi gloss. From the distance you can locate the project by its unique form and height.

Character of the area : The naive which leads you towards the project from Lower Parel Railway station has a long walk with lots of encroachment on roads. Area is surrounded with multiple activities of Commercial and residential use. Following roads has abandoned mills lands.

Elevators : 18 Material: Composite

Effect on Context - It increase shops and commercial activities in neighbourhood. Also it creates iconicity from the distance which helps to generate landmark for the area. Also it has side linear park which allow public in side the edge of the project.

From that particular point you can touch the project with the views.

Figure 29 FIGURE COMPOSITION FOR CASE-STUDY

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The Linear Park - The park on the edge of the project allows people to access the site with some amount of control. It provides spaces for pause. Teens like to come there for Leisure time.

Earlier it used to based on tickets but now its free and hold by BMC. It has beautiful ramps and elevated decks which creates journey towards square pause. Elevated desk are there from that viewing deck you can observe inside activities.

The Avenue : Its a path which leads you towards the main entrance which have security and in front of the gate you can merge with public of outside by accessing linear park. The Avenue Continue towards the entrance of Basement Parking

The Courtyard : Its a circular water body element with dancing fountain. It creates focal point for the Towers and Welcomes birds for bath.

Figure 30 ;LINEAR PARK ANALYSIS

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Core of the Structure : Tower : A The Tower A has one separate core and two core merge within one single core and corridor. It has one single lobby as it goes continue to 76 floors when one part is stopped 57th floor.

Tower : B The Tower B has one core in three direction and one core for services when circulation core is situated in three direction which helps to create short distance to the unit.

Tower : C’ The tower C has one core with service core in two different direction and circulation inbetween.

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Figure 31 LAYOUT DETAILS OF WORLD ONE

Structural Consideration: The project has composite material and core structure with tube structure also it has shear wall with the service core. There is no additional member or structural system in the project.

Climatic Consideration: The project has projected boundary and usable spaces are slightly offset from the building boundary which create balcony on the edge. These projections helps to shade the usable space from heat.

All the amenities are provided on the podium of the boundary for some segment of the flat holders it is visible and easy approachable when some of them has view of just a circulation spaces. Facilities only on one level reduce user approach in easy way.

Figure 32 PODIUM PARK AND STRUCTURE

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3.2 LODHA PARK, MUMBAI Overview Project name: The Park Location : Lodha The Park,Pandurang Budhkar Marg,Lower Parel, Worli, Mumbai.

Developer : Lodha Group Architect : Richard Hassell,WOHA

The project is located at the Lower Parel Worli.The project is defined as greenest residential project till the date in the area. Here the project is situated at the 7-floor podium structure which contain Parking at lower level and upper level is used as Amenities zone.

Project Details Project Period : 2013-2020 Except Trump Towers Project Area: 80000 sq. Mt Project Height: 268 Mt Total Towers: 6—Allura, Park Side, 2 Kiara, Marquise & Trump Tower Type : Residential Floor Count : 69 above Ground – 7 Podium - 4 Basement Material: Composite

Figure 33 MASTER LAYOUT OF LODHAPARK

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Project has the diversity of a neighbourhood that is built around a communal, recreational space, which is Lodha Park. Worli is one of the highly desirable parts of Mumbai and due to project people are moving into this area of the city due to the ample green spaces. Project is providing a street life by integrating a commercial establishment along the street edge and enabling the project to engage with the city rather than isolate itself.

Character and Uniqueness: The project was conceived as a neighbourhood, rather than a single development. The six towers were designed as two pairs in which each pair has a unique design, and two towers that complement each other. All the structures embody similar principles in terms of environmental and community features, but they are expressed in different ways. Towers 1 and 2 take the idea of Chhatris, which are elevated, Towers 3 and 4 use contemporary versions of Jaalis, which are latticed screens, usually with an ornamental pattern and faceted forms. Towers 5 and 6 play with scale and repetition.

The shape of the expanded towers makes them highly resistant to wind and earthquakes. In the event of power outages, the cross-ventilated apartments are a lot more habitable than spaces that rely on air-conditioning.

Figure 34 TOP VIEW OF AMENITIES

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Figure 35 KIAARA, ALLURA & PARKSIDE, TRUMPH TOWER IN SERIES

Core of the Towers : Tower : Allura & Parkside Tower has rectangular service core which makes rectangular lobby to access particular unit.

Because of that the tower is not illuminate that much.

Tower : Kiara Tower has two core divisions according to wing and each create poly shape lobby. Which helps to generate inside atrium or enclosure.

Tower : Marquise and Trump Tower has triangular service core with curvilinear lobby to access units. Pocket create illuminate space.

Figure 36 CORE DETAILS TO UNDERSTAND CIRCULATIONS

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Figure 37 BRACING AND TWO CORE WALL STRUCTURE

3.3 KOHINOOR SQUARE, MUMBAI Overview Project name: Kohinoor Square Location : Padmabai Thakkar Road, Dadar, Mumbai.

Developer : The Kohinoor Group Architect : SSA Architects, Mumbai Project Details Project Period : 2009-2016 Project Area: 18,615 sq. Mt Project Height: 203 Mt Tower A - 142 Mt Tower B Total Towers: 2 Type : Mixed Use Floor Count : 52 Tower A - 28 Tower B Elevators : --28 Material: Composite

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Figure 38 AERIAL VIEW OF KOHINOOR SQUARE

Site Context - In India, Kohinoor square is located Dadar a suburb of Mumbai The site is surrounded by a dense Low Rise residential areas hence its Tallest structure in the vicinity There are many parks and schools as well near to the site.

Figure 39 MASTER LAYOUT OF KOHINOOR SQUARE-ACCESS POINTS

Project has the diversity of a its own use as its a mixed use project. With two building towers with podium on the lower level creates mixed diversity for the users. On a Podium level it has large commercial space with the essence of the mall.

The Project has different kind of access points due to different user group-privacy and security to be maintain. The front rectangular part used as car parking with multilevel uses.

Figure 40 DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONS IN QUANTITY

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Character and Uniqueness: The project was conceived as a neighbourhood, rather than just a building block. The towers has basically distinct look with each other and lack of connection on in-between levels. Podium structure connect both wings on the levels. On that particular level there are two atrium which helps to flow light inside. Rectangular building with two layers present glass skin on the glass facade which is questionable for the heat gaining though with other aspects of the design it stands in gold rated building.

With the flat gloss facade, it has glossy and reflective looks in the context.

Figure 41 TYPICAL FLOOR PLANS AND SUSTAINABLE FEATURE OF KOHINOOR SQUARE

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The Central Core is surrounded by the office spaces and refuge areas (at 24 meter of height) There are segregated office space from 2nd to 24th floor with toilets to each office and a common toilet s also provided on all these floors. Central core consists of 3 Lobbies of 6 Lifts serving levels 25th to 39th. Spaces between the lifts where a lift lobby is not provided are used as toilets with duct at either side 2 lifts from this pack of 6 are assessable to lower floors as well.1 lobby of 4 lifts serving levels 1st to 24th. There is a lift bank at 24th floor.2 services lifts travelling Throughout the building. 2 Stair cases are also placed in the core.

The Central Core is surrounded by the office spaces. There is segregated office space from 6th to 14th floor with toilets to each office and common toilets also provided on all these floor Refuge Floors is provided.

Figure 42 MAPPING OF SERVICES IN BUILDING

FHC SHAFT

ELECTRICAL SHAFT

HVAC & FLUME SHAFT Figure 43 DIFFERENT CORE AND FUNCTIONS

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Figure 44 DETAIL LAYOUUT OF SERVICES AND CORE

3.4 HENGQIN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CENTER, ZHUHAI, CHINA. Project Details Project Period : 2020 Project Area: 2,18,955 sq. Mt Project Height: 337.7mt Total Towers: 1 Floor Count : 69 above Ground – 4 Basement Project type : Mixed use Material: Composite Concrete filled Steel.

Building Character: The Project has central core with atrium with helps to flow lights inside.

Also it has four wings which twisted gradually and on the top most level it defers in the height and play up and down from top. If we talk about human approach people have attachments with the flow and design but not with the other human from out side with some points.

Overview Project name: Hengqin International Financial Center.

Location : Zhuhai, China Developer : Zhuhai Shizimen Central Business District Development Holdings Co. Architect : Aedas

Figure 45 MASTER LAYOUT OF HENGQIN TOWER

CONFERENCE CLUBHOUSE OFFICE MEP & EXHIBITION Figure 46 FUNCTION OF FLOOR-PLATES IN TOWER RETAIL

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Figure 47 TYPICAL FLOOR PLANS OF TOWER

APPT. Figure 48 DETAILS OF STRUCTURE & SKIN

3.5 TENCENT SEAFRONT TOWERS, SEHNZEN CHINA. Overview Project name: Tencent Seafront Towers.

Location : Shenzhen, China Developer : Tencent Architect : NBBJ Project Details Project Period : 2017

Project Area: 80,000 sq. Mt Project Height: 245.8 Mt Total Towers: 2 Floor Count : 50 above Ground – 4 Basement Project type : Office Material: Composite, Floor spanning steel.

ABOUT PROJECT Tencent’s twin Seafront Towers (rising 50 and 39 storeys) serve as the new home for the tech conglomerate’s 12,000 employees and stand as city landmarks. Working as interior designer, B+H worked closely with the client and architect to adapt the concept of a vertical campus to reflect Tencent’s community-focused culture. Reminiscent of a university campus, this vertical campus offers amenities for work and play.

Tencent’s mostly millennial talent will find a convivial workplace environment – part lifestyle hub and part social village – within an ergonomic and modern building. The towers are connected by skybridges, where those moving between towers can interact and meet to create synergies and generate fresh ideas. Each skybridge has its own unique theme

Figure 49 CONCEPTUAL FORMATION OF TENCENT TOWERS AND BRIDGE IN-BETWEEN

HEALTH-LINK The middle bridge (L21-25) hosts the health link with sports, social, healthcare and meeting facilities.

KNOWLEDGE-LINK The knowledge link is the topmost bridge (L35-38) connecting the North and South Towers.

It’s composed of over four floors dedicated to the theme of knowledge sharing.

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Figure 50 FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS, ACTIVITY MAPPING AND LAYOUT OF TENCENT TOWERS

Figure 51 TYPICAL FLOOR-PLATES OF TENCENT TOWERS

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Figure 52 VISUAL DATA OF SPATIAL EXPERIENCE INSIDE THE LINKS

3.6 MVRDC REVAL PLAZA, AMSTERDAM Overview Project name: MVRDV REVAL PLAZA Location :Zuidas, Amsterdam, Netherlands Developer : RJB Group of Companies Architect : MVRDV Project Details Project Period : 2021

Project Area: 75,000 sq. Mt Project Height: 200 Mt Total Towers: 3 Floor Count : 50 above Ground – Project type : Mixed use Material: Composite

Featuring residential units, offices, parking, a sky bar and retail and cultural space, the building will inject a sense of life and excitement into the neighbourhood, transforming the district into a more varied and liveable urban quarter.

The project takes the form of green-terraced stacked boxed that rise to three peaks of different heights, the tallest capping out at 100 meters with the two-story Sky Bar. These residential towers sit on top of a publicly-accessible plinth, where a pedestrian path runs from street level up along terraced roof gardens to the central valley area on the 4th and 5th floors that features a year-round landscape designed by Piet Oudolf.

Figure 53 CONCEPTUAL FORMATION OF PUBLIC SPACES IN-BETWEEN BLOCKS

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Figure 54 VISUAL DATA OF MVRDV REVAL PLAZA

3.7 BURJ KHALIFA, DUBAI Objective : Case study for aerodynamic wind deceive system and structural approach.

Figure 55 BURJKHALIFA by-Eva-Bogomil-BOOK REFERENCE-URBAN PARK AND PEOPLE APPROACH

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Figure 56 BURJKHALIFA by-Eva-Bogomil-BOOK REFERENCE-STRUCTURAL DETAILS OF FOUNDATION AND SUPERSTRUCTURE. ALSO, SHOWING WIND SIMULATION.

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3.8 GREEN SPINE, AUSTRALIA Objective: Case study for sustainable approach adding green carved flat surface.

Figure 57 VISUAL ANALYSIS FOR APPLICATION OF GREEN PATCHES WITHIN THE BUILDING

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4.0 PROGRAM

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4.1 MAKING OF PROGRAM

Figure 58 DATA OF URDPFI FOR NEIGHBOURHOOD FACILITIES

Figure 60 NORMS FOR COMMERCIAL SPACES URDPFI

Figure 61 DISTRIBUTION OF FACILITIES

Figure 59 FUNCTION AND CONNECTION OF GREAT PLACES AND HYBRID NEIGHBOURHOOD CONCEPT

Figure 62 AREA ANALYSIS FROM KOHINOOR SQUARE

Objective: Formation of the program is based on norms and data of URDPFI-MHADAMRD. Formation of the spaces & area is based on data of case-studies & webarticles/journals.

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4.2 PROGRAM AREA AND QUANTITY

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Objective: If not visible for detail & clear program scan QR code

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Link of the QR code is followed by google drive link – vishnukapadia049@gmail.com

Figure 63 SCAN FOR CLEAR AND DETAIL PROGRAM

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5.0 CONCEPT + PROCESS

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5.1 CONCEPTS OF YESTERDAY

Figure 64 LIFE-STORY IN COMPACT NEIGHBOURHOODS OF INDIA- CHAWLS AND JODHPUR HOUSES

Concepts of Neighbourhood from yesterday, providing us some key points like how one corridor connects all units with balcony and within that there is a staircase which allows users to socialize. On other hand study of Jodhpur pointing that how they connect terraces and how in levels they designed a perfect neighbourhood. Otla of those houses allow users to interact and internal linkages stays pedestrian only which helps to create healthy and compact Neighbourhood.

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5.2 LINES AND DOTS - FORMATION OF LINES

Figure 65 CONCEPTUAL LINES

Road Network Within the Mill Land 1)Removed road

Proposed Network for the site 2)Red -Vehicular | Yellow - Pedestrian

Figure 66 CONCEPTUAL LINES

Force Generated by Geometry of Site 3)Introvert and Extrovert Forces

Vision angles and Neighbourhood connection 4)Introvert and Extrovert Forces

Figure 67 CONCEPTUAL LINES

Climatic Condition 5)Solar radiation and strongest wind zone 57 | RETHINKING VERTICAL NEIGHBOURHOOD

Flow of activities 6)Connection inside

5.3 ZONING OF DATA

Figure 68 THREE-DIMESIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF NETWORK PROGRAM

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5.4 CONCEPTUALIZATION OF LINKAGES ON HORIZONTAL AXIS

Figure 69 CONCEPTUAL SCRIBBLING FOR MAPPING JOURNEY OF THE PEOPLE INSIDE THE PROGRAM

JOURNEY THROUH THE MILL: As structure of abandoned Bombay dyeing mill becomes parasite for the project, those building blocks are in adaptive reuse. Here subtracting the walls from existing material and applied transparent material for subtracting part creates transparency for the glory of mills and structure. Also new functions of the mill building helped us to create attraction also those blocks are providing space for leisure time.

Figure 70 SKETCHES OF CARVINGS IN MILL BLOCKS

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION : As project has such a large area and long urban edge, direct connection from Pandurang Budhkar Marg and DP road-2034 should be open for safe interaction of pedestrian. So vehicular access of the site is designed on the corners with integrated basement access.

Whole edge of the project treated as urban park which helped to celebrate leisure activities.

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Figure 71 CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT OF BUILT VS OPEN AND CIRCULATIONS

5.5 CONCEPTUALIZATION OF LINKAGES ON VERTICAL AXIS.

Figure 72 3D-DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONS AROUND THE CORE AND LOOP CORE DIAGRAM

Sole purpose of stacking blocks on vertical axis is based on creating integrated function(Residential + Commercial + Facilities + Leisure) system with the loop system of multiple core. Also, different types of circulation pattern can be used to socialized people during the journey. Stacking in and out within the core helps to generate pocket spaces which can be used as canvas for leisure activities.

Figure 73 IMPOSING LINKAGES AND PATTERNS OF NEIGHBOURHOOD ON VERTICAL PLANE

After analyzing different kind of neighbourhood theory and patterns one can conclude that it has streets or linkages in certain shape or pattern which define the character of particular neighbourhood.

“Streets and people create healthy neighbourhoods; if so people travel vertically, then streets should too.”

If we imposed those patterns on the surface of the structure and stretched out those lines on z axis so here, this whole composition of lines create integrated circulation with experiential journey which helps to socialized people and by doing this we can create liveliness in the project.

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5.6 COCEPTUAL FORMATION OF MOBILITY REALITY OF MOBILITY

Figure 74 VISUAL DATA OF "PEOPLE ARE IN MOTION" AFTER REMOVING PHYSICAL FORM OF MOBILITY.

If we erase all the physical form of mobility from the area of lower Parel the junction will be look like the image. Everyone is in hurry even one patch of the society or habitable space has vertical mobility only. Actually, car and elevators both create revolution in urbanization but on what cost? It breaks the connection. it isolate people.

Figure 75 MAJOR MODES OF URBAN MOBILITY IN MUMBAI

Here fact is, apart from long distance commute people are happy with the pedestrian mode or cycling mode. Where car and elevators are breaking the social connection.

Figure 75 HAPPINES INDEX FOR USING DIFFERENT MODES OF MOBILITY.

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CONCEPT FOR MOBILITY

Figure 76 CONCEPTUAL FORMATION OF FUTURE MOBILITY SYSTEM IN NEIGHBOURHOODS.

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5.7 CONCEPTUAL FORM

DEVELOPMENT OF FORM: The main concern behind the idea of this design was to consider the floors of podium in gradually lifted formation. So, the Verticality starts gradually and neighbourhood facilities can be merged with in-between layers. By doing this design becomes hybrid with the functions so here we can create integrated neighbourhood.

Also, ramps are following throug different levels which helps to explore levels with cycling or pedestrian mode.

Figure 78 CONCEPT-SKIN MERGE WITH LANDSCAPE

Figure 79 CARVING OUT MILL BLOCKS

Figure 77 CONCEPTUAL FORMATION OF CIRCULATION AND BLOCKS

RAMPS THROUGH THE MILL: Various spaces for public activities are connected with the ramps and few open green spaces.

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Figure 80 INTERNAL CONNECTION FOR SOCIALIZING WITH NEIGHBOURS

Mill structure: The ground of the mill structure is covered with the Danpalon sheet which helps to generate experiential entrance to the in-between courtyard.

Below the lifted level: The level under the lifted ground plate has edges of in and out which opens up in the open patches which helps to socialize. Only in between chambers has commercial blocks On the lifted level: Lifted level is connected with the ramps direct from ground one through the mill Block-1, another one is adjacent to the Block-2. After the lifted level blocks getting reduce which crates circulation on outer ring-though the ramps people can access upper levels also

Figure 81 SCHEMATIC VISUALS OF DIFFERENT SPACES AND ACTIVITIES

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6.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT The distribution of different typologies was done in a way that the lower portion till the uplifted ground level is provided for offices as well as small apartments(flexible), Commercial shops, Facilities- Education, Sports & Health the Vertical Block has hybrid functions so that, even on vertical axis people can do different activities of neighbourhood. Also, some floor plate has chunk and some has patches of green spaces which helps to provide urban park for leisure spaces on the vertical axis. Like one street, circulation for the verticality is breaking the compulsions of core circulation.

Figure 82 CONCEPTUAL FORMATION-ADDING AND SUBTRACTING BLOCKS

The distribution of core is based on the functions it has. From the ground cores can be segregated as two different uses Type A- Has three core blocks where A’ is limited to certain levels Type B- has one core block which can be use without any restrictions or security checking-which allows you to access things till lifted ground. Whole idea of segregation is based on security, circulation and public movement.

Type B

Type A’ Type A

Figure 83 SHOWING TYPES OF CORE FOR SERVICES AND CIRCULATIONS

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ELEMENT 01 SPLIT BLOCKSCertain stackings of floor plates in displace creates split blocks or spaces in-between which helps to provide recreational spaces to the vertical neighbourhood.

Figure 84 ELEMENT 01

ELEMENT 02 WIND DECEIVEShape of the structure is already in a form of the air flow. Because of the wind tube effect created by split blocks structure will behave in motion for top floors to avoid that- application of second layer is needed. Also, it will help to reduce heat-island effect on such a large vertical surface.

Figure 85 ELEMENT 02

ELEMENT 03 HORIZONTAL CONNECTIONIn-between on certain levels long horizontal floor plate can connect the two towers like a bridge and that particular floor plate can serve activities like Pool area, Cricket Turf and other leisure activities. This plate can repeat after serval layers. Also, this helps to reduce shear effect in two towers.

Figure 86 ELEMENT 03

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Figure 87 Visual-View from the Pandurang Budhkar Marg – (South)

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6.1 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 2.0

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Figure 88 Master Plan Layout – Clip @21.5 Mt

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Figure 89 PLAN-LAYER 01-02

Figure 90 PLAN-LAYER 03-04

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Figure 91 PLAN-LAYER 05-06

Figure 92 VISUALS – PODIUM LAYERS

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Figure 92 PLAN-LAYERS UPPER

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Figure 93 PLAN-LAYERS UPPER

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Figure 94 PLAN-LAYERS UPPER

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Figure 95 PLAN-LAYERS UPPER

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Figure 96 PLAN-LAYERS UPPER

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Figure A STACKING DIAGRAM - MAPPING OF FUNCTIONS

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6.1.1 EXPLODED LAYOUTS

Figure 97 EXPLODED LAYOUT - ACTIVITIES

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Figure 98 EXPLODED LAYOUT - ACTIVITIES

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Figure 98 EXPLODED LAYOUT- NEIGHBOURHOOD CONNECTION

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Figure 99 EXPLODED LAYOUT- NEIGHBOURHOOD CONNECTION

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6.1.2 SECTIONS

Figure 100 SECTION AA' PERPENDICULAR TO PANDURANG BUDHKAR MARG

Figure 101 SECTION BB'- PERPENDICULAR TO PANDURANG BUDHKAR MARG

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Figure 102 SECTION CC’ CLIP ON BOTH TOWERS

Figure 103 SECTION DD' RELATION BETWEEN SKIN & STRUCTURE

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6.1.3 VISUALS

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Figure 104 ISOVIEW – NE CORNER

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6.2 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT Two-layer core with shear wall around help to create service passage + structural stability against wind forces and provide strength to skip floor for cantilevered structure.

TYPE A

PT Slab – Tension 70% on safer value 30% divided to compression. Moment tends to equilibrium. Its more hanging rather than supported which help to design space with less columns TYPE B

Figure 105 SHOWING STRUCTURAL DETAILS AND CORE DETAILS FOR CORE TYPE A AND B.

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Figure 106 STRUCTURAL COMPONENT - CONCEPTUAL

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Figure 107 MAPPING MEP FLOORS

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Figure 108 COMPONENTS OF SKIN

DYNAMIC FAÇADE – RESPOSIVE FAÇADE: A dynamic façade, also known as a responsive façade, is a building exterior that can change in response to its surrounding environment to maximise its performance.

This can help control the interior environment within the building, and so minimise the energy consumption of building services systems. In this way, the 'skin' of the building is not static, but dynamic and can transform according to requirements.

The responsiveness of the façade can be at the macro scale, which involves changes in its configuration using moving parts, or at the micro scale which involves changes affecting a material’s structure.

Figure 109 HEAT MAP FOR HEAT-ISLAND EFFECT ON SURFACE

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Macro responsiveness might include adjustable ventilation or moveable solar shading, used to optimise the amount of solar heat gain and visible light that is admitted into a building, or daylight lighting systems which can help to maximise natural daylight.

ALGAE FAÇADE: An algae facade is designed to improve indoor air quality through O2 production and CO2 absorption as a result of photosynthesis of algae. In addition, algae grown from bio-facades have the potential to be converted into renewable fuel stocks such as biomass or biofuel.

Advantages of Algae Facade • • • • • • • • •

Biomass/biofuel is good for the environment Develops another fuel source Sequester carbon dioxide Reduces carbon footprint Lowers greenhouse gas emissions Mass adoption could lower urban heat island effect Reduces loads on existing infrastructure Need to adopt biology in built environment Could produce sustainable fabrics as by-product

Figure 119 SHOWING REACTION OF BIO MASS UNDER THE HEAT OF SUNLIGHT.

Figure 110 SHOWING LAYERS OF ALGAE FACADE - EXPLODED VIEW

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Figure 111 WIND TUNNEL SIMULATION

Figure 112 WATER HARVESTING DIAGRAM-CONCEPTUAL

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PROCESS – Computational process for prototype of connection represented in a figure below. To show how the density of thread can create responsive nature for the structureValues on right side columns are showing the input data which can generated due to situation of nature and people.

Figure 113 MODULE UNDER REQUIREMENT OF VISION-LOW DENSITY

Figure 114 MODULE UNDER REQUIREMENT OF SHADE-HIGH DENSITY

Figure 115 ZOOMED IN DETAIL OF FIGURE 113

Figure 116 ZOOMED IN DETAIL OF FIGURE 114

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Figure 117 CONCEPTUAL MEDIA PANEL-SKIN

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7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY •

Gerard Peet. 2011. The Origin of the Skyscraper- CTBUH Journal,2011 Issue I. Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences. https://global.ctbuh.org/resources/papers/download/321-the-origin-of-theskyscraper.pdf

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Mary Bellis. 2010. ThoughtCo.-The First Skyscraper. New York. https://www.thoughtco.com/how-skyscrapers-became-possible-1991649

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A&E Television Networks. 2018. Home Insurance Building. NL. https://www.history.com/topics/landmarks/home-insurance-building

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Kevin Forestell.22-10-2020. The How and Why of Skyscrapers DOZR.NL. https://dozr.com/blog/skyscrapers

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https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/country/india India CTBUH PART

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https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/when-indias-tallest-building-wasborn-amid-cloudy-skies/article19558662.ece THE HINDU

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Big Bigger Biggest Skyscraper S01E01 National Geography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eigBF19aYmA

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Benchmark fabricated steel 02-04-2020 THE PROS AND CONS OF SKYSCRAPERS 4149 4th Pkwy Terre Haute IN 47804 https://benchmarksteel.com/2020/04/the-pros-and-cons-ofskyscrapers/ VERTICAL CITY: A solution for sustainable living by KENNETH KING https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/does-india-need-a-populationcontrol-law-experts-say-no/story-o1AqTgGmDTzMZMfCR8rPJP.html https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/indians-spend-7-of-their-day-gettingto-their-office https://www.archdaily.com https://awards.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-awards-2020-runner-ups/rebirth-ofarchitecture-vertical-neighbourhood-2100-bhairumal-sutar/ THE LIVING SKYSCRAPER: MAPPING THE VERTICAL NEIGHBORHOOD Tom Lee Bachelor of Science in Architecture University of Cincinnati, 2001

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THE CITY OF RED DEERS – NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING AND DESIGN STANDARDS https://smartnet.niua.org/content/d19f4f87-aaa1-4e9a-9651534cb28ddd3c#:~:text=The%20'Urban%20and%20Regional%20Development,A cademic%20Institutions%20and%20other%20stakeholders. https://curve.carleton.ca/system/files/etd/8bb01f43-ee0e-403d-b7467defdae49711/etd_pdf/c42828510d1554ace3dbd57d45813697/heverticalneighborhood_col.pdf http://www.peataindia.org/Unlock_Seminar_ppts/Parag_Parekh.pdf https://www.wsp.com/en-CA/insights/rapid-urbanization-and-vertical-sprawlhow-can-we-live-like-this https://issuu.com/unccmud/docs/vertical_urbanism_portfolio-s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=992scERWclU&t=598s

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