Where it stands

FIGURE 4: GREECE ON THE WORLD MAP (f4)Greece is a country in southeastern Europe, with thousands of islands throughout the Aegean & Ionian seas. The Hellenic Republic, the official name of Greece. The country is bordered by Turkey, Albania, Bulgaria and North Macedonia. Greece shares maritime borders with Italy, Cyprus, Egypt and Libya. Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece.

ACROPOLIS, ATHENS, GREECE

FIGURE 5: ACROPOLIS, ANCIENT GREECE

(f5)Acropolis in Athens Greece 1898, The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historical significance. archives Source : Brockhaus 1898

PARTHENON, ACROPOLIS

ITS FUNCTIONS AND OTHER DETAILS

Parthenon is described as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece. It was the center of religious life in the powerful Greek city State of Athens. This lavish temple was built in the 5th Century B.C. It is a symbol of the power, wealth, and elevated culture of Athens.

WATER COLOR PAINT OF PARTHENON, ACROPOLIS

Figure 7: The Parthenon, Acropolis (in color view) engraved scenario of ancient Greece people

It was said that Parthenon was built on a structure, where there was another temple being ruined by Turkey invading before the Parthenon was built in 447 B.C. The massive structure was dedicated in 438 B.C, with a command from Pericles.

420 BCE Timeline of the parthenon

CONSTRUCTION The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron.

550 AD 426 BCE

After a strong earthquake in 426 BC, which according to Thucydides was one of the strongest in antiquity, extensive damages were caused to the building, since a large part of both its facades shifted by 2 cm

Converted into a Christian church

1456 AD

Turkish Occupation Turned into a mosque

1803 1206 AD

Frankish Occupation "NotreDame" of Athens

1687 AD

The building was ignited by Venetian bombardment

Thomas Bruce, some of 7th the Earl of Elgin removed surviving sculptures 1975 Large-Scale Restoration Project (1975-2020)

Stoa of Attalos

Its functions and other details

The Stoa of Attalos was the Original bustling shopping mall. It is described as an impressive covered walk way that lies between the archaeological site of the Athens, Ancient Agora (Marketplace).

Figure 8: The Stoa of Attalos

The Stoa of Attalos was named after the King Attalos-ii of Pergamon who reigned from 159 – 138 B.c. A second Stoa, the Stoa of Evmenes ii, was build by the brother of Attalos, on the southern side of the Acropolic. It was a thank you gift for the people of Athens from the King Attalos ii for the education gained from the city.

front view of Stoa of Attalos

Side view of Stoa of Attalos Inside of Stoa of Attalos Side view of Stoa or Attalos.

A second Stoa, the Stoa of Evmenes ii, was build by the brother of Attalos, on the southern side of the Acropolic. It was a thank you gift for the people of Athens from the King Attalos ii for the education gained from the city.

History of Stoa of Attalos

150 BC

The Stoa of Attalos was built around 150 BC, by Attalos II, King of Pergamos as a donation to Athens.

159 bc

Beginning of the construction of the building. 138 Bc

The building was finished in 138 BC. the building was the largest in length in Greece during the antiquity.

1953-1956

It was rebuilt in the same style and shape from 1953 to 1956 by the American School of Archaeology with funding from JD. Rockefeller and now houses the Museum of Ancient Agora in Athens.

Timeline of Stoa of ATTalos

The colonnade of attalus was a gift from Attalus to the city of Athens because he was educated here, it was built and named by the Pergamon king Attalus II, who reigned from 159 BC to 138 BC. There are corresponding inscriptions on the lintel.

In 267, the colonnade of Atalus was destroyed by the Germans. Only a portion of the ruins remain. The current building was rebuilt from 1952 to 1956 by the School of American Classical Studies in Athens.

A n a l y s i s C o m p a r a t i v e

u s e t o c i r c u l a t i o n s p A C E

PARTHENON

east entrance greeted by the monumental statue of Athena, framed by more Doric columns centralised configuration of path

A N A L Y S I S M A T E R I A L

Pentelic marble Columns marble with internal iron clamps Ivory skin for interior

& E L E M E N T S O R N A M E N T A T I O N

ELEMENTS:

Doric and ionic orders

Capitals

Frieze

Pediment

Architrave

Gable roof ORNAMENTATION:

Wooden roof rafters

Fired clay tiles

Stoa of attalos

Open Walkway entranceS as it served as a main commercial center colonnaded walkways with the ground floor as a public display area. Passing the next colonnade there is one additional aisle of walking space. a circulation zone where people could weave back and forth into this inner aisle.

White Pentellic Blue hymettian Marble Limestone

ELEMENTS: Ionic, Doric and Cornithian for upper floors Capitals Columns Frieze

ORNAMENTATION: Wooden Roof Extensive use of Limestone Scroll shaped ornaments on capital

A n a l y s i s C o m p a r a t i v e

H I E R A R C H Y S P A T I A L

Consists of two hierarchy spaces:

Public space

Storage space Consists of Two Hierarchy Spaces: A public space for display on the ground floor Workrooms and Offices on the first floor

A N D S Y M M E T R Y B A L A N C E

NO STRAIGHT LINES ENTABLATURE AND THE BASE PLATFORM CURVE UP WARD AT THE CENTRE, THE METOPES LEAN OUTWARD, AND THE COLUMNS SLIGHTLY SWELL IN THE CENTRE. NARY BALANCE A STRAIGHT LINE AMONG the columns WITH EACH PART FITTING ONLY IN ITS PARTICULAR SPACE

The Stoa of Attalos is a datum with sections that are repeated creating an order.

There were stairways leading up to the second story at each end of the stoa.

R E P E T I T I O N & R H Y T H M

G E O M E T R Y

Repetition in the elements:

Capitals

Columns

Frieze

PARTHENON CONCEIVED IT AS A THEATRICAL EVENT. THE ENTABLATURE AND THE BASE PLATFORM CURVE UPWARD AT THE CENTRE, THE METOPES LEAN OUTWARD, AND THE COLUMNS SLIGHTLY SWELL IN THE CENTRE. Repetition in elements: Columns Capitals Sections Frieze

Each story had two aisles and twenty-one rooms lining the western wall. The rooms of both stories were lighted and vented through doorways and small windows found on the back wall.